AMR/R/atc_online.R

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# ==================================================================== #
# TITLE #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis #
# #
# SOURCE #
# https://gitlab.com/msberends/AMR #
# #
# LICENCE #
# (c) 2019 Berends MS (m.s.berends@umcg.nl), Luz CF (c.f.luz@umcg.nl) #
# #
# This R package is free software; you can freely use and distribute #
# it for both personal and commercial purposes under the terms of the #
# GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GNU GPL-2), as published by #
# the Free Software Foundation. #
# #
# This R package was created for academic research and was publicly #
# released in the hope that it will be useful, but it comes WITHOUT #
# ANY WARRANTY OR LIABILITY. #
# Visit our website for more info: https://msberends.gitab.io/AMR. #
# ==================================================================== #
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#' Get ATC properties from WHOCC website
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#'
#' Gets data from the WHO to determine properties of an ATC (e.g. an antibiotic) like name, defined daily dose (DDD) or standard unit. \cr \strong{This function requires an internet connection.}
#' @param atc_code a character or character vector with ATC code(s) of antibiotic(s)
#' @param property property of an ATC code. Valid values are \code{"ATC"}, \code{"Name"}, \code{"DDD"}, \code{"U"} (\code{"unit"}), \code{"Adm.R"}, \code{"Note"} and \code{groups}. For this last option, all hierarchical groups of an ATC code will be returned, see Examples.
#' @param administration type of administration when using \code{property = "Adm.R"}, see Details
#' @param url url of website of the WHO. The sign \code{\%s} can be used as a placeholder for ATC codes.
#' @param ... parameters to pass on to \code{atc_property}
#' @details
#' Options for parameter \code{administration}:
#' \itemize{
#' \item{\code{"Implant"}}{ = Implant}
#' \item{\code{"Inhal"}}{ = Inhalation}
#' \item{\code{"Instill"}}{ = Instillation}
#' \item{\code{"N"}}{ = nasal}
#' \item{\code{"O"}}{ = oral}
#' \item{\code{"P"}}{ = parenteral}
#' \item{\code{"R"}}{ = rectal}
#' \item{\code{"SL"}}{ = sublingual/buccal}
#' \item{\code{"TD"}}{ = transdermal}
#' \item{\code{"V"}}{ = vaginal}
#' }
#'
#' Abbreviations of return values when using \code{property = "U"} (unit):
#' \itemize{
#' \item{\code{"g"}}{ = gram}
#' \item{\code{"mg"}}{ = milligram}
#' \item{\code{"mcg"}}{ = microgram}
#' \item{\code{"U"}}{ = unit}
#' \item{\code{"TU"}}{ = thousand units}
#' \item{\code{"MU"}}{ = million units}
#' \item{\code{"mmol"}}{ = millimole}
#' \item{\code{"ml"}}{ = milliliter (e.g. eyedrops)}
#' }
#' @export
#' @rdname atc_online
#' @importFrom dplyr %>% progress_estimated
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#' @inheritSection AMR Read more on our website!
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#' @source \url{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_alterations__cumulative/ddd_alterations/abbrevations/}
#' @examples
#' \donttest{
#' # oral DDD (Defined Daily Dose) of amoxicillin
#' atc_online_property("J01CA04", "DDD", "O")
#' # parenteral DDD (Defined Daily Dose) of amoxicillin
#' atc_online_property("J01CA04", "DDD", "P")
#'
#' atc_online_property("J01CA04", property = "groups") # search hierarchical groups of amoxicillin
#' # [1] "ANTIINFECTIVES FOR SYSTEMIC USE"
#' # [2] "ANTIBACTERIALS FOR SYSTEMIC USE"
#' # [3] "BETA-LACTAM ANTIBACTERIALS, PENICILLINS"
#' # [4] "Penicillins with extended spectrum"
#' }
atc_online_property <- function(atc_code,
property,
administration = 'O',
url = 'https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=%s&showdescription=no') {
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if (!all(c("curl", "rvest", "xml2") %in% rownames(installed.packages()))) {
stop("Packages 'xml2', 'rvest' and 'curl' are required for this function")
}
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if (!all(atc_code %in% AMR::antibiotics)) {
atc_code <- as.character(as.atc(atc_code))
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}
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if (!curl::has_internet()) {
message("There appears to be no internet connection.")
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return(rep(NA, length(atc_code)))
}
if (length(property) != 1L) {
stop('`property` must be of length 1', call. = FALSE)
}
if (length(administration) != 1L) {
stop('`administration` must be of length 1', call. = FALSE)
}
# also allow unit as property
if (property %like% 'unit') {
property <- 'U'
}
# validation of properties
valid_properties <- c("ATC", "Name", "DDD", "U", "Adm.R", "Note", "groups")
valid_properties.bak <- valid_properties
property <- tolower(property)
valid_properties <- tolower(valid_properties)
if (!property %in% valid_properties) {
stop('Invalid `property`, use one of ', paste(valid_properties.bak, collapse = ", "), '.')
}
if (property == 'ddd') {
returnvalue <- rep(NA_real_, length(atc_code))
} else if (property == 'groups') {
returnvalue <- list()
} else {
returnvalue <- rep(NA_character_, length(atc_code))
}
progress <- progress_estimated(n = length(atc_code))
for (i in 1:length(atc_code)) {
progress$tick()$print()
atc_url <- sub('%s', atc_code[i], url, fixed = TRUE)
if (property == "groups") {
tbl <- xml2::read_html(atc_url) %>%
rvest::html_node("#content") %>%
rvest::html_children() %>%
rvest::html_node("a")
# get URLS of items
hrefs <- tbl %>% rvest::html_attr("href")
# get text of items
texts <- tbl %>% rvest::html_text()
# select only text items where URL like "code="
texts <- texts[grepl("?code=", tolower(hrefs), fixed = TRUE)]
# last one is antibiotics, skip it
texts <- texts[1:length(texts) - 1]
returnvalue <- c(list(texts), returnvalue)
} else {
tbl <- xml2::read_html(atc_url) %>%
rvest::html_nodes('table') %>%
rvest::html_table(header = TRUE) %>%
as.data.frame(stringsAsFactors = FALSE)
# case insensitive column names
colnames(tbl) <- tolower(colnames(tbl)) %>% gsub('^atc.*', 'atc', .)
if (length(tbl) == 0) {
warning('ATC not found: ', atc_code[i], '. Please check ', atc_url, '.', call. = FALSE)
returnvalue[i] <- NA
next
}
if (property %in% c('atc', 'name')) {
# ATC and name are only in first row
returnvalue[i] <- tbl[1, property]
} else {
if (!'adm.r' %in% colnames(tbl) | is.na(tbl[1, 'adm.r'])) {
returnvalue[i] <- NA
next
} else {
for (j in 1:nrow(tbl)) {
if (tbl[j, 'adm.r'] == administration) {
returnvalue[i] <- tbl[j, property]
}
}
}
}
}
}
if (property == "groups" & length(returnvalue) == 1) {
returnvalue <- returnvalue[[1]]
}
returnvalue
}
#' @rdname atc_online
#' @export
atc_online_groups <- function(atc_code, ...) {
atc_online_property(atc_code = atc_code, property = "groups", ...)
}
#' @rdname atc_online
#' @export
atc_online_ddd <- function(atc_code, ...) {
atc_online_property(atc_code = atc_code, property = "ddd", ...)
}