<metaproperty="og:description"content="Use these functions to return a specific property of a microorganism. All input values will be evaluated internally with as.mo(), which makes it possible to use microbial abbreviations, codes and names as input. Please see Examples."/>
<p>Use these functions to return a specific property of a microorganism. All input values will be evaluated internally with <code><ahref='as.mo.html'>as.mo()</a></code>, which makes it possible to use microbial abbreviations, codes and names as input. Please see <em>Examples</em>.</p>
<preclass="usage"><spanclass='fu'>mo_name</span>(<spanclass='kw'>x</span>, language = <spanclass='fu'><ahref='translate.html'>get_locale</a></span>(), <spanclass='kw'>...</span>)
<spanclass='fu'>mo_fullname</span>(<spanclass='kw'>x</span>, language = <spanclass='fu'><ahref='translate.html'>get_locale</a></span>(), <spanclass='kw'>...</span>)
<spanclass='fu'>mo_shortname</span>(<spanclass='kw'>x</span>, language = <spanclass='fu'><ahref='translate.html'>get_locale</a></span>(), <spanclass='kw'>...</span>)
<spanclass='fu'>mo_subspecies</span>(<spanclass='kw'>x</span>, language = <spanclass='fu'><ahref='translate.html'>get_locale</a></span>(), <spanclass='kw'>...</span>)
<spanclass='fu'>mo_species</span>(<spanclass='kw'>x</span>, language = <spanclass='fu'><ahref='translate.html'>get_locale</a></span>(), <spanclass='kw'>...</span>)
<spanclass='fu'>mo_genus</span>(<spanclass='kw'>x</span>, language = <spanclass='fu'><ahref='translate.html'>get_locale</a></span>(), <spanclass='kw'>...</span>)
<spanclass='fu'>mo_family</span>(<spanclass='kw'>x</span>, language = <spanclass='fu'><ahref='translate.html'>get_locale</a></span>(), <spanclass='kw'>...</span>)
<spanclass='fu'>mo_order</span>(<spanclass='kw'>x</span>, language = <spanclass='fu'><ahref='translate.html'>get_locale</a></span>(), <spanclass='kw'>...</span>)
<spanclass='fu'>mo_class</span>(<spanclass='kw'>x</span>, language = <spanclass='fu'><ahref='translate.html'>get_locale</a></span>(), <spanclass='kw'>...</span>)
<spanclass='fu'>mo_phylum</span>(<spanclass='kw'>x</span>, language = <spanclass='fu'><ahref='translate.html'>get_locale</a></span>(), <spanclass='kw'>...</span>)
<spanclass='fu'>mo_kingdom</span>(<spanclass='kw'>x</span>, language = <spanclass='fu'><ahref='translate.html'>get_locale</a></span>(), <spanclass='kw'>...</span>)
<spanclass='fu'>mo_domain</span>(<spanclass='kw'>x</span>, language = <spanclass='fu'><ahref='translate.html'>get_locale</a></span>(), <spanclass='kw'>...</span>)
<spanclass='fu'>mo_type</span>(<spanclass='kw'>x</span>, language = <spanclass='fu'><ahref='translate.html'>get_locale</a></span>(), <spanclass='kw'>...</span>)
<spanclass='fu'>mo_gramstain</span>(<spanclass='kw'>x</span>, language = <spanclass='fu'><ahref='translate.html'>get_locale</a></span>(), <spanclass='kw'>...</span>)
<spanclass='fu'>mo_taxonomy</span>(<spanclass='kw'>x</span>, language = <spanclass='fu'><ahref='translate.html'>get_locale</a></span>(), <spanclass='kw'>...</span>)
<spanclass='fu'>mo_info</span>(<spanclass='kw'>x</span>, language = <spanclass='fu'><ahref='translate.html'>get_locale</a></span>(), <spanclass='kw'>...</span>)
<td><p>language of the returned text, defaults to system language (see <code><ahref='translate.html'>get_locale()</a></code>) and can also be set with <code><ahref='https://rdrr.io/r/base/options.html'>getOption("AMR_locale")</a></code>. Use <code>language = NULL</code> or <code>language = ""</code> to prevent translation.</p></td>
<p>All functions will return the most recently known taxonomic property according to the Catalogue of Life, except for <code>mo_ref()</code>, <code>mo_authors()</code> and <code>mo_year()</code>. Please refer to this example, knowing that <em>Escherichia blattae</em> was renamed to <em>Shimwellia blattae</em> in 2010:</p><ul>
<li><p><code>mo_name("Escherichia blattae")</code> will return <code>"Shimwellia blattae"</code> (with a message about the renaming)</p></li>
<li><p><code>mo_ref("Escherichia blattae")</code> will return <code>"Burgess et al., 1973"</code> (with a message about the renaming)</p></li>
<li><p><code>mo_ref("Shimwellia blattae")</code> will return <code>"Priest et al., 2010"</code> (without a message)</p></li>
<p>The short name - <code>mo_shortname()</code> - almost always returns the first character of the genus and the full species, like <code>"E. coli"</code>. Exceptions are abbreviations of staphylococci (like <em>"CoNS"</em>, Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci) and beta-haemolytic streptococci (like <em>"GBS"</em>, Group B Streptococci). Please bear in mind that e.g. <em>E. coli</em> could mean <em>Escherichia coli</em> (kingdom of Bacteria) as well as <em>Entamoeba coli</em> (kingdom of Protozoa). Returning to the full name will be done using <code><ahref='as.mo.html'>as.mo()</a></code> internally, giving priority to bacteria and human pathogens, i.e. <code>"E. coli"</code> will be considered <em>Escherichia coli</em>. In other words, <code>mo_fullname(mo_shortname("Entamoeba coli"))</code> returns <code>"Escherichia coli"</code>.</p>
<p>Since the top-level of the taxonomy is sometimes referred to as 'kingdom' and sometimes as 'domain', the functions <code>mo_kingdom()</code> and <code>mo_domain()</code> return the exact same results.</p>
<p>The Gram stain - <code>mo_gramstain()</code> - will be determined based on the taxonomic kingdom and phylum. According to Cavalier-Smith (2002, <ahref='https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11837318'>PMID 11837318</a>), who defined subkingdoms Negibacteria and Posibacteria, only these phyla are Posibacteria: Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes and Tenericutes. These bacteria are considered Gram-positive - all other bacteria are considered Gram-negative. Species outside the kingdom of Bacteria will return a value <code>NA</code>.</p>
<p>The function <code>mo_url()</code> will return the direct URL to the online database entry, which also shows the scientific reference of the concerned species.</p>
The <ahref='lifecycle.html'>lifecycle</a> of this function is <strong>stable</strong>. In a stable function, major changes are unlikely. This means that the unlying code will generally evolve by adding new arguments; removing arguments or changing the meaning of existing arguments will be avoided.</p>
<p>If the unlying code needs breaking changes, they will occur gradually. For example, a parameter will be deprecated and first continue to work, but will emit an message informing you of the change. Next, typically after at least one newly released version on CRAN, the message will be transformed to an error.</p>
This package contains the complete taxonomic tree of almost all microorganisms (~70,000 species) from the authoritative and comprehensive Catalogue of Life (<ahref='http://www.catalogueoflife.org'>http://www.catalogueoflife.org</a>). The Catalogue of Life is the most comprehensive and authoritative global index of species currently available.</p>
<p><ahref='catalogue_of_life.html'>Click here</a> for more information about the included taxa. Check which version of the Catalogue of Life was included in this package with <code><ahref='catalogue_of_life_version.html'>catalogue_of_life_version()</a></code>.</p>
<li><p>Becker K <em>et al.</em><strong>Implications of identifying the recently defined members of the <em>S. aureus</em> complex, <em>S. argenteus</em> and <em>S. schweitzeri</em>: A position paper of members of the ESCMID Study Group for staphylococci and Staphylococcal Diseases (ESGS).</strong> 2019. Clin Microbiol Infect. <ahref='https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2019.02.028'>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2019.02.028</a></p></li>
<li><p>Lancefield RC <strong>A serological differentiation of human and other groups of hemolytic streptococci</strong>. 1933. J Exp Med. 57(4): 571–95. <ahref='https://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.57.4.571'>https://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.57.4.571</a></p></li>
<li><p>Catalogue of Life: Annual Checklist (public online taxonomic database), <ahref='http://www.catalogueoflife.org'>http://www.catalogueoflife.org</a> (check included annual version with <code><ahref='catalogue_of_life_version.html'>catalogue_of_life_version()</a></code>).</p></li>
<p>On our website <ahref='https://msberends.github.io/AMR'>https://msberends.github.io/AMR</a> you can find <ahref='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/AMR.html'>a comprehensive tutorial</a> about how to conduct AMR analysis, the <ahref='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/reference'>complete documentation of all functions</a> (which reads a lot easier than here in R) and <ahref='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/WHONET.html'>an example analysis using WHONET data</a>. As we would like to better understand the backgrounds and needs of our users, please <ahref='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/survey.html'>participate in our survey</a>!</p>
<p>Developed by <ahref='https://www.rug.nl/staff/m.s.berends/'>Matthijs S. Berends</a>, <ahref='https://www.rug.nl/staff/c.f.luz/'>Christian F. Luz</a>, <ahref='https://www.rug.nl/staff/a.w.friedrich/'>Alexander W. Friedrich</a>, <ahref='https://www.rug.nl/staff/b.sinha/'>Bhanu N. M. Sinha</a>, <ahref='https://www.rug.nl/staff/c.j.albers/'>Casper J. Albers</a>, <ahref='https://www.rug.nl/staff/c.glasner/'>Corinna Glasner</a>.</p>
