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@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ Adhering to previously described approaches (see Source) and especially the Baye
<a class="navbar-brand me-2" href="../index.html">AMR (for R)</a>
<small class="nav-text text-muted me-auto" data-bs-toggle="tooltip" data-bs-placement="bottom" title="">2.1.1.9189</small>
<small class="nav-text text-muted me-auto" data-bs-toggle="tooltip" data-bs-placement="bottom" title="">2.1.1.9190</small>
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@ -57,23 +57,23 @@ Adhering to previously described approaches (see Source) and especially the Baye
<div class="section level2">
<h2 id="ref-usage">Usage<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#ref-usage"></a></h2>
<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code><span><span class="fu">antibiogram</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">x</span>, antibiotics <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://tidyselect.r-lib.org/reference/where.html" class="external-link">where</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">is.sir</span><span class="op">)</span>, mo_transform <span class="op">=</span> <span class="st">"shortname"</span>,</span>
<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code><span><span class="fu">antibiogram</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">x</span>, antimicrobials <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://tidyselect.r-lib.org/reference/where.html" class="external-link">where</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">is.sir</span><span class="op">)</span>, mo_transform <span class="op">=</span> <span class="st">"shortname"</span>,</span>
<span> ab_transform <span class="op">=</span> <span class="st">"name"</span>, syndromic_group <span class="op">=</span> <span class="cn">NULL</span>, add_total_n <span class="op">=</span> <span class="cn">FALSE</span>,</span>
<span> only_all_tested <span class="op">=</span> <span class="cn">FALSE</span>, digits <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/ifelse.html" class="external-link">ifelse</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">wisca</span>, <span class="fl">1</span>, <span class="fl">0</span><span class="op">)</span>,</span>
<span> formatting_type <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/options.html" class="external-link">getOption</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="st">"AMR_antibiogram_formatting_type"</span>,</span>
<span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/ifelse.html" class="external-link">ifelse</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">wisca</span>, <span class="fl">14</span>, <span class="fl">18</span><span class="op">)</span><span class="op">)</span>, col_mo <span class="op">=</span> <span class="cn">NULL</span>, language <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="translate.html">get_AMR_locale</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="op">)</span>,</span>
<span> minimum <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fl">30</span>, combine_SI <span class="op">=</span> <span class="cn">TRUE</span>, sep <span class="op">=</span> <span class="st">" + "</span>, wisca <span class="op">=</span> <span class="cn">FALSE</span>,</span>
<span> simulations <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fl">1000</span>, conf_interval <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fl">0.95</span>, interval_side <span class="op">=</span> <span class="st">"two-tailed"</span>,</span>
<span> info <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/interactive.html" class="external-link">interactive</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="op">)</span><span class="op">)</span></span>
<span> info <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/interactive.html" class="external-link">interactive</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="op">)</span>, <span class="va">...</span><span class="op">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="fu">wisca</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">x</span>, antibiotics <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://tidyselect.r-lib.org/reference/where.html" class="external-link">where</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">is.sir</span><span class="op">)</span>, ab_transform <span class="op">=</span> <span class="st">"name"</span>,</span>
<span><span class="fu">wisca</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">x</span>, antimicrobials <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://tidyselect.r-lib.org/reference/where.html" class="external-link">where</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">is.sir</span><span class="op">)</span>, ab_transform <span class="op">=</span> <span class="st">"name"</span>,</span>
<span> syndromic_group <span class="op">=</span> <span class="cn">NULL</span>, add_total_n <span class="op">=</span> <span class="cn">FALSE</span>, only_all_tested <span class="op">=</span> <span class="cn">FALSE</span>,</span>
<span> digits <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fl">1</span>,</span>
<span> formatting_type <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/options.html" class="external-link">getOption</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="st">"AMR_antibiogram_formatting_type"</span>, <span class="fl">14</span><span class="op">)</span>,</span>
<span> col_mo <span class="op">=</span> <span class="cn">NULL</span>, language <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="translate.html">get_AMR_locale</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="op">)</span>, minimum <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fl">30</span>,</span>
<span> combine_SI <span class="op">=</span> <span class="cn">TRUE</span>, sep <span class="op">=</span> <span class="st">" + "</span>, simulations <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fl">1000</span>,</span>
<span> conf_interval <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fl">0.95</span>, interval_side <span class="op">=</span> <span class="st">"two-tailed"</span>,</span>
<span> info <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/interactive.html" class="external-link">interactive</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="op">)</span><span class="op">)</span></span>
<span> info <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/interactive.html" class="external-link">interactive</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="op">)</span>, <span class="va">...</span><span class="op">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="fu">retrieve_wisca_parameters</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">wisca_model</span>, <span class="va">...</span><span class="op">)</span></span>
<span></span>
@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ Adhering to previously described approaches (see Source) and especially the Baye
<dd><p>a <a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/data.frame.html" class="external-link">data.frame</a> containing at least a column with microorganisms and columns with antimicrobial results (class 'sir', see <code><a href="as.sir.html">as.sir()</a></code>)</p></dd>
<dt id="arg-antibiotics">antibiotics<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#arg-antibiotics"></a></dt>
<dt id="arg-antimicrobials">antimicrobials<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#arg-antimicrobials"></a></dt>
<dd><p>vector of any antimicrobial name or code (will be evaluated with <code><a href="as.ab.html">as.ab()</a></code>, column name of <code>x</code>, or (any combinations of) <a href="antimicrobial_selectors.html">antimicrobial selectors</a> such as <code><a href="antimicrobial_selectors.html">aminoglycosides()</a></code> or <code><a href="antimicrobial_selectors.html">carbapenems()</a></code>. For combination antibiograms, this can also be set to values separated with <code>"+"</code>, such as <code>"TZP+TOB"</code> or <code>"cipro + genta"</code>, given that columns resembling such antimicrobials exist in <code>x</code>. See <em>Examples</em>.</p></dd>
@ -177,14 +177,14 @@ Adhering to previously described approaches (see Source) and especially the Baye
<dd><p>a <a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/logical.html" class="external-link">logical</a> to indicate info should be printed - the default is <code>TRUE</code> only in interactive mode</p></dd>
<dt id="arg-wisca-model">wisca_model<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#arg-wisca-model"></a></dt>
<dd><p>the outcome of <code>wisca()</code> or <code>antibiogram(..., wisca = TRUE)</code></p></dd>
<dt id="arg--">...<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#arg--"></a></dt>
<dd><p>when used in <a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/knitr/man/kable.html" class="external-link">R Markdown or Quarto</a>: arguments passed on to <code><a href="https://rdrr.io/pkg/knitr/man/kable.html" class="external-link">knitr::kable()</a></code> (otherwise, has no use)</p></dd>
<dt id="arg-wisca-model">wisca_model<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#arg-wisca-model"></a></dt>
<dd><p>the outcome of <code>wisca()</code> or <code>antibiogram(..., wisca = TRUE)</code></p></dd>
<dt id="arg-object">object<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#arg-object"></a></dt>
<dd><p>an <code>antibiogram()</code> object</p></dd>
@ -243,28 +243,28 @@ Adhering to previously described approaches (see Source) and especially the Baye
<p>Case example: Susceptibility of <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> to piperacillin/tazobactam (TZP)</p>
<p>Code example:</p>
<p></p><div class="sourceCode r"><pre><code><span><span class="fu"><a href="../reference/antibiogram.html">antibiogram</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">your_data</span>,</span>
<span> antibiotics <span class="op">=</span> <span class="st">"TZP"</span><span class="op">)</span></span></code></pre><p></p></div></li>
<span> antimicrobials <span class="op">=</span> <span class="st">"TZP"</span><span class="op">)</span></span></code></pre><p></p></div></li>
<li><p><strong>Combination Antibiogram</strong></p>
<p>Case example: Additional susceptibility of <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> to TZP + tobramycin versus TZP alone</p>
<p>Code example:</p>
<p></p><div class="sourceCode r"><pre><code><span><span class="fu"><a href="../reference/antibiogram.html">antibiogram</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">your_data</span>,</span>
<span> antibiotics <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html" class="external-link">c</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="st">"TZP"</span>, <span class="st">"TZP+TOB"</span>, <span class="st">"TZP+GEN"</span><span class="op">)</span><span class="op">)</span></span></code></pre><p></p></div></li>
<span> antimicrobials <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html" class="external-link">c</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="st">"TZP"</span>, <span class="st">"TZP+TOB"</span>, <span class="st">"TZP+GEN"</span><span class="op">)</span><span class="op">)</span></span></code></pre><p></p></div></li>
<li><p><strong>Syndromic Antibiogram</strong></p>
<p>Case example: Susceptibility of <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> to TZP among respiratory specimens (obtained among ICU patients only)</p>
<p>Code example:</p>
<p></p><div class="sourceCode r"><pre><code><span><span class="fu"><a href="../reference/antibiogram.html">antibiogram</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">your_data</span>,</span>
<span> antibiotics <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="../reference/antimicrobial_selectors.html">penicillins</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="op">)</span>,</span>
<span> antimicrobials <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="../reference/antimicrobial_selectors.html">penicillins</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="op">)</span>,</span>
<span> syndromic_group <span class="op">=</span> <span class="st">"ward"</span><span class="op">)</span></span></code></pre><p></p></div></li>
<li><p><strong>Weighted-Incidence Syndromic Combination Antibiogram (WISCA)</strong></p>
<p>WISCA can be applied to any antibiogram, see the section <em>Explaining WISCA</em> on this page for more information.</p>
<p>Code example:</p>
<p></p><div class="sourceCode r"><pre><code><span><span class="fu"><a href="../reference/antibiogram.html">antibiogram</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">your_data</span>,</span>
<span> antibiotics <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html" class="external-link">c</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="st">"TZP"</span>, <span class="st">"TZP+TOB"</span>, <span class="st">"TZP+GEN"</span><span class="op">)</span>,</span>
<span> antimicrobials <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html" class="external-link">c</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="st">"TZP"</span>, <span class="st">"TZP+TOB"</span>, <span class="st">"TZP+GEN"</span><span class="op">)</span>,</span>
<span> wisca <span class="op">=</span> <span class="cn">TRUE</span><span class="op">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co"># this is equal to:</span></span>
<span><span class="fu"><a href="../reference/antibiogram.html">wisca</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">your_data</span>,</span>
<span> antibiotics <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html" class="external-link">c</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="st">"TZP"</span>, <span class="st">"TZP+TOB"</span>, <span class="st">"TZP+GEN"</span><span class="op">)</span><span class="op">)</span></span></code></pre><p></p></div>
<span> antimicrobials <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html" class="external-link">c</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="st">"TZP"</span>, <span class="st">"TZP+TOB"</span>, <span class="st">"TZP+GEN"</span><span class="op">)</span><span class="op">)</span></span></code></pre><p></p></div>
<p>WISCA uses a sophisticated Bayesian decision model to combine both local and pooled antimicrobial resistance data. This approach not only evaluates local patterns but can also draw on multi-centre datasets to improve regimen accuracy, even in low-incidence infections like paediatric bloodstream infections (BSIs).</p></li>
</ol></div>
@ -277,7 +277,7 @@ Adhering to previously described approaches (see Source) and especially the Baye
<p></p><div class="sourceCode r"><pre><code><span><span class="kw"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html" class="external-link">library</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org" class="external-link">dplyr</a></span><span class="op">)</span></span>
<span><span class="va">your_data</span> <span class="op"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html" class="external-link">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/group_by.html" class="external-link">group_by</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">has_sepsis</span>, <span class="va">is_neonate</span>, <span class="va">sex</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html" class="external-link">%&gt;%</a></span></span>
<span> <span class="fu"><a href="../reference/antibiogram.html">wisca</a></span><span class="op">(</span>antibiotics <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html" class="external-link">c</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="st">"TZP"</span>, <span class="st">"TZP+TOB"</span>, <span class="st">"TZP+GEN"</span><span class="op">)</span><span class="op">)</span></span></code></pre><p></p></div>
<span> <span class="fu"><a href="../reference/antibiogram.html">wisca</a></span><span class="op">(</span>antimicrobials <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html" class="external-link">c</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="st">"TZP"</span>, <span class="st">"TZP+TOB"</span>, <span class="st">"TZP+GEN"</span><span class="op">)</span><span class="op">)</span></span></code></pre><p></p></div>
</div>
<div class="section">
@ -288,25 +288,25 @@ Adhering to previously described approaches (see Source) and especially the Baye
<p>At admission, no pathogen information is available.</p><ul><li><p>Action: broad-spectrum coverage is based on local resistance patterns and syndromic antibiograms. Using the pathogen-agnostic yet incidence-weighted WISCA is preferred.</p></li>
<li><p>Code example:</p>
<p></p><div class="sourceCode r"><pre><code><span><span class="fu"><a href="../reference/antibiogram.html">antibiogram</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">your_data</span>,</span>
<span> antibiotics <span class="op">=</span> <span class="va">selected_regimens</span>,</span>
<span> antimicrobials <span class="op">=</span> <span class="va">selected_regimens</span>,</span>
<span> mo_transform <span class="op">=</span> <span class="cn">NA</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="co"># all pathogens set to `NA`</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="co"># preferred: use WISCA</span></span>
<span><span class="fu"><a href="../reference/antibiogram.html">wisca</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">your_data</span>,</span>
<span> antibiotics <span class="op">=</span> <span class="va">selected_regimens</span><span class="op">)</span></span></code></pre><p></p></div></li>
<span> antimicrobials <span class="op">=</span> <span class="va">selected_regimens</span><span class="op">)</span></span></code></pre><p></p></div></li>
</ul></li>
<li><p><strong>Refinement with Gram Stain Results</strong></p>
<p>When a blood culture becomes positive, the Gram stain provides an initial and crucial first stratification (Gram-positive vs. Gram-negative).</p><ul><li><p>Action: narrow coverage based on Gram stain-specific resistance patterns.</p></li>
<li><p>Code example:</p>
<p></p><div class="sourceCode r"><pre><code><span><span class="fu"><a href="../reference/antibiogram.html">antibiogram</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">your_data</span>,</span>
<span> antibiotics <span class="op">=</span> <span class="va">selected_regimens</span>,</span>
<span> antimicrobials <span class="op">=</span> <span class="va">selected_regimens</span>,</span>
<span> mo_transform <span class="op">=</span> <span class="st">"gramstain"</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="co"># all pathogens set to Gram-pos/Gram-neg</span></span></code></pre><p></p></div></li>
</ul></li>
<li><p><strong>Definitive Therapy Based on Species Identification</strong></p>
<p>After cultivation of the pathogen, full pathogen identification allows precise targeting of therapy.</p><ul><li><p>Action: adjust treatment to pathogen-specific antibiograms, minimizing resistance risks.</p></li>
<li><p>Code example:</p>
<p></p><div class="sourceCode r"><pre><code><span><span class="fu"><a href="../reference/antibiogram.html">antibiogram</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">your_data</span>,</span>
<span> antibiotics <span class="op">=</span> <span class="va">selected_regimens</span>,</span>
<span> antimicrobials <span class="op">=</span> <span class="va">selected_regimens</span>,</span>
<span> mo_transform <span class="op">=</span> <span class="st">"shortname"</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="co"># all pathogens set to 'G. species', e.g., E. coli</span></span></code></pre><p></p></div></li>
</ul></li>
</ol><p>By structuring antibiograms around this stepped approach, clinicians can make data-driven adjustments at each stage, ensuring optimal empirical and targeted therapy while reducing unnecessary broad-spectrum antimicrobial use.</p>
@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ $$p_i = \frac{x_i}{\sum_{j=1}^K x_j}$$</p>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="co"># Traditional antibiogram ----------------------------------------------</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="fu">antibiogram</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">example_isolates</span>,</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> antibiotics <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html" class="external-link">c</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="fu"><a href="antimicrobial_selectors.html">aminoglycosides</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="op">)</span>, <span class="fu"><a href="antimicrobial_selectors.html">carbapenems</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="op">)</span><span class="op">)</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> antimicrobials <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html" class="external-link">c</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="fu"><a href="antimicrobial_selectors.html">aminoglycosides</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="op">)</span>, <span class="fu"><a href="antimicrobial_selectors.html">carbapenems</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="op">)</span><span class="op">)</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="op">)</span></span></span>
<span class="r-msg co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #0000BB;"> For </span><span style="color: #0000BB; background-color: #EEEEEE;">aminoglycosides()</span><span style="color: #0000BB;"> using columns '</span><span style="color: #0000BB; font-weight: bold;">GEN</span><span style="color: #0000BB;">' (gentamicin), '</span><span style="color: #0000BB; font-weight: bold;">TOB</span><span style="color: #0000BB;">'</span></span>
<span class="r-msg co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #0000BB;"> (tobramycin), '</span><span style="color: #0000BB; font-weight: bold;">AMK</span><span style="color: #0000BB;">' (amikacin), and '</span><span style="color: #0000BB; font-weight: bold;">KAN</span><span style="color: #0000BB;">' (kanamycin)</span></span>
@ -424,11 +424,11 @@ $$p_i = \frac{x_i}{\sum_{j=1}^K x_j}$$</p>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 8</span> S. epidermidis 0% (0-8%,N… 79% (71-8… <span style="color: #BB0000;">NA</span> 0% (0-8%… <span style="color: #BB0000;">NA</span> 51% (40-6…</span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 9</span> S. hominis <span style="color: #BB0000;">NA</span> 92% (84-9… <span style="color: #BB0000;">NA</span> <span style="color: #BB0000;">NA</span> <span style="color: #BB0000;">NA</span> 85% (74-9…</span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;">10</span> S. pneumoniae 0% (0-3%,N… 0% (0-3%,… <span style="color: #BB0000;">NA</span> 0% (0-3%… <span style="color: #BB0000;">NA</span> 0% (0-3%,…</span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;"># Use `plot()` or `ggplot2::autoplot()` to create a plot of this antibiogram,</span></span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;"># Use `ggplot2::autoplot()` or base R `plot()` to create a plot of this antibiogram,</span></span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;"># or use it directly in R Markdown or https://quarto.org, see ?antibiogram</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="fu">antibiogram</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">example_isolates</span>,</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> antibiotics <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="antimicrobial_selectors.html">aminoglycosides</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="op">)</span>,</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> antimicrobials <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="antimicrobial_selectors.html">aminoglycosides</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="op">)</span>,</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> ab_transform <span class="op">=</span> <span class="st">"atc"</span>,</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> mo_transform <span class="op">=</span> <span class="st">"gramstain"</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="op">)</span></span></span>
@ -439,11 +439,11 @@ $$p_i = \frac{x_i}{\sum_{j=1}^K x_j}$$</p>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;chr&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;chr&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;chr&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;chr&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;chr&gt;</span> </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;">1</span> Gram-negative 96% (94-97%,N=686) 96% (95-98%,N=684) 0% (0-10%,N=35) 98% (96-…</span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;">2</span> Gram-positive 34% (31-38%,N=665) 63% (60-66%,N=1170) 0% (0-1%,N=436) 0% (0-1%…</span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;"># Use `plot()` or `ggplot2::autoplot()` to create a plot of this antibiogram,</span></span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;"># Use `ggplot2::autoplot()` or base R `plot()` to create a plot of this antibiogram,</span></span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;"># or use it directly in R Markdown or https://quarto.org, see ?antibiogram</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="fu">antibiogram</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">example_isolates</span>,</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> antibiotics <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="antimicrobial_selectors.html">carbapenems</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="op">)</span>,</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> antimicrobials <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="antimicrobial_selectors.html">carbapenems</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="op">)</span>,</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> ab_transform <span class="op">=</span> <span class="st">"name"</span>,</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> mo_transform <span class="op">=</span> <span class="st">"name"</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="op">)</span></span></span>
@ -456,15 +456,15 @@ $$p_i = \frac{x_i}{\sum_{j=1}^K x_j}$$</p>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;">3</span> Escherichia coli 100% (99-100%,N=422) 100% (99-100%,N…</span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;">4</span> Klebsiella pneumoniae 100% (93-100%,N=51) 100% (93-100%,N…</span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;">5</span> Proteus mirabilis 94% (79-99%,N=32) <span style="color: #BB0000;">NA</span> </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;"># Use `plot()` or `ggplot2::autoplot()` to create a plot of this antibiogram,</span></span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;"># Use `ggplot2::autoplot()` or base R `plot()` to create a plot of this antibiogram,</span></span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;"># or use it directly in R Markdown or https://quarto.org, see ?antibiogram</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="co"># Combined antibiogram -------------------------------------------------</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="co"># combined antibiotics yield higher empiric coverage</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="co"># combined antimicrobials yield higher empiric coverage</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="fu">antibiogram</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">example_isolates</span>,</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> antibiotics <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html" class="external-link">c</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="st">"TZP"</span>, <span class="st">"TZP+TOB"</span>, <span class="st">"TZP+GEN"</span><span class="op">)</span>,</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> antimicrobials <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html" class="external-link">c</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="st">"TZP"</span>, <span class="st">"TZP+TOB"</span>, <span class="st">"TZP+GEN"</span><span class="op">)</span>,</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> mo_transform <span class="op">=</span> <span class="st">"gramstain"</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="op">)</span></span></span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;"># An Antibiogram (non-WISCA / 95% CI): 2 × 4</span></span>
@ -475,12 +475,12 @@ $$p_i = \frac{x_i}{\sum_{j=1}^K x_j}$$</p>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;"># abbreviated names: ¹​`Piperacillin/tazobactam`,</span></span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;"># ²​`Piperacillin/tazobactam + Gentamicin`,</span></span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;"># ³​`Piperacillin/tazobactam + Tobramycin`</span></span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;"># Use `plot()` or `ggplot2::autoplot()` to create a plot of this antibiogram,</span></span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;"># Use `ggplot2::autoplot()` or base R `plot()` to create a plot of this antibiogram,</span></span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;"># or use it directly in R Markdown or https://quarto.org, see ?antibiogram</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="co"># names of antibiotics do not need to resemble columns exactly:</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="co"># names of antimicrobials do not need to resemble columns exactly:</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="fu">antibiogram</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">example_isolates</span>,</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> antibiotics <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html" class="external-link">c</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="st">"Cipro"</span>, <span class="st">"cipro + genta"</span><span class="op">)</span>,</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> antimicrobials <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html" class="external-link">c</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="st">"Cipro"</span>, <span class="st">"cipro + genta"</span><span class="op">)</span>,</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> mo_transform <span class="op">=</span> <span class="st">"gramstain"</span>,</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> ab_transform <span class="op">=</span> <span class="st">"name"</span>,</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> sep <span class="op">=</span> <span class="st">" &amp; "</span></span></span>
@ -490,7 +490,7 @@ $$p_i = \frac{x_i}{\sum_{j=1}^K x_j}$$</p>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;chr&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;chr&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;chr&gt;</span> </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;">1</span> Gram-negative 91% (88-93%,N=684) 99% (97-99%,N=694) </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;">2</span> Gram-positive 77% (74-80%,N=724) 93% (91-94%,N=847) </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;"># Use `plot()` or `ggplot2::autoplot()` to create a plot of this antibiogram,</span></span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;"># Use `ggplot2::autoplot()` or base R `plot()` to create a plot of this antibiogram,</span></span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;"># or use it directly in R Markdown or https://quarto.org, see ?antibiogram</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span></span></span>
@ -498,7 +498,7 @@ $$p_i = \frac{x_i}{\sum_{j=1}^K x_j}$$</p>
<span class="r-in"><span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="co"># the data set could contain a filter for e.g. respiratory specimens</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="fu">antibiogram</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">example_isolates</span>,</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> antibiotics <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html" class="external-link">c</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="fu"><a href="antimicrobial_selectors.html">aminoglycosides</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="op">)</span>, <span class="fu"><a href="antimicrobial_selectors.html">carbapenems</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="op">)</span><span class="op">)</span>,</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> antimicrobials <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html" class="external-link">c</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="fu"><a href="antimicrobial_selectors.html">aminoglycosides</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="op">)</span>, <span class="fu"><a href="antimicrobial_selectors.html">carbapenems</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="op">)</span><span class="op">)</span>,</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> syndromic_group <span class="op">=</span> <span class="st">"ward"</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="op">)</span></span></span>
<span class="r-msg co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #0000BB;"> For </span><span style="color: #0000BB; background-color: #EEEEEE;">aminoglycosides()</span><span style="color: #0000BB;"> using columns '</span><span style="color: #0000BB; font-weight: bold;">GEN</span><span style="color: #0000BB;">' (gentamicin), '</span><span style="color: #0000BB; font-weight: bold;">TOB</span><span style="color: #0000BB;">'</span></span>
@ -522,7 +522,7 @@ $$p_i = \frac{x_i}{\sum_{j=1}^K x_j}$$</p>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;">13</span> Clinical S. pneumo… 0% (0-5… 0% (0-5%,… <span style="color: #BB0000;">NA</span> 0% (0-5%… <span style="color: #BB0000;">NA</span> </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;">14</span> ICU S. pneumo… 0% (0-1… 0% (0-12%… <span style="color: #BB0000;">NA</span> 0% (0-12… <span style="color: #BB0000;">NA</span> </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;"># 1 more variable: Tobramycin &lt;chr&gt;</span></span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;"># Use `plot()` or `ggplot2::autoplot()` to create a plot of this antibiogram,</span></span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;"># Use `ggplot2::autoplot()` or base R `plot()` to create a plot of this antibiogram,</span></span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;"># or use it directly in R Markdown or https://quarto.org, see ?antibiogram</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="co"># now define a data set with only E. coli</span></span></span>
@ -532,7 +532,7 @@ $$p_i = \frac{x_i}{\sum_{j=1}^K x_j}$$</p>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="co"># with a custom language, though this will be determined automatically</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="co"># (i.e., this table will be in Spanish on Spanish systems)</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="fu">antibiogram</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">ex1</span>,</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> antibiotics <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="antimicrobial_selectors.html">aminoglycosides</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="op">)</span>,</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> antimicrobials <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="antimicrobial_selectors.html">aminoglycosides</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="op">)</span>,</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> ab_transform <span class="op">=</span> <span class="st">"name"</span>,</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> syndromic_group <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/ifelse.html" class="external-link">ifelse</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">ex1</span><span class="op">$</span><span class="va">ward</span> <span class="op">==</span> <span class="st">"ICU"</span>,</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="st">"UCI"</span>, <span class="st">"No UCI"</span></span></span>
@ -546,7 +546,7 @@ $$p_i = \frac{x_i}{\sum_{j=1}^K x_j}$$</p>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;chr&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;chr&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;chr&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;chr&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;chr&gt;</span> </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;">1</span> No UCI E. coli 100% (97-100%,N=119) 98% (96-99%,N=32… 98% (96-99…</span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;">2</span> UCI E. coli 100% (93-100%,N=52) 99% (95-100%,N=1… 96% (92-99…</span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;"># Use `plot()` or `ggplot2::autoplot()` to create a plot of this antibiogram,</span></span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;"># Use `ggplot2::autoplot()` or base R `plot()` to create a plot of this antibiogram,</span></span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;"># or use it directly in R Markdown or https://quarto.org, see ?antibiogram</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span></span></span>
@ -554,7 +554,7 @@ $$p_i = \frac{x_i}{\sum_{j=1}^K x_j}$$</p>
<span class="r-in"><span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="co"># WISCA are not stratified by species, but rather on syndromes</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="fu">antibiogram</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">example_isolates</span>,</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> antibiotics <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html" class="external-link">c</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="st">"TZP"</span>, <span class="st">"TZP+TOB"</span>, <span class="st">"TZP+GEN"</span><span class="op">)</span>,</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> antimicrobials <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html" class="external-link">c</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="st">"TZP"</span>, <span class="st">"TZP+TOB"</span>, <span class="st">"TZP+GEN"</span><span class="op">)</span>,</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> syndromic_group <span class="op">=</span> <span class="st">"ward"</span>,</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> wisca <span class="op">=</span> <span class="cn">TRUE</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="op">)</span></span></span>
@ -566,14 +566,14 @@ $$p_i = \frac{x_i}{\sum_{j=1}^K x_j}$$</p>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;">3</span> Outpatient 67.2% (39-92%) 90% (68.6-99.4%) </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;"># abbreviated name: ¹​`Piperacillin/tazobactam + Gentamicin`</span></span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;"># 1 more variable: `Piperacillin/tazobactam + Tobramycin` &lt;chr&gt;</span></span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;"># Use `plot()` or `ggplot2::autoplot()` to create a plot of this antibiogram,</span></span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;"># Use `ggplot2::autoplot()` or base R `plot()` to create a plot of this antibiogram,</span></span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;"># or use it directly in R Markdown or https://quarto.org, see ?antibiogram</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="co"># Print the output for R Markdown / Quarto -----------------------------</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="va">ureido</span> <span class="op">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">antibiogram</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">example_isolates</span>,</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> antibiotics <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="antimicrobial_selectors.html">ureidopenicillins</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="op">)</span>,</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> antimicrobials <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="antimicrobial_selectors.html">ureidopenicillins</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="op">)</span>,</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> syndromic_group <span class="op">=</span> <span class="st">"ward"</span>,</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> wisca <span class="op">=</span> <span class="cn">TRUE</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="op">)</span></span></span>
@ -596,11 +596,11 @@ $$p_i = \frac{x_i}{\sum_{j=1}^K x_j}$$</p>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="co"># Generate plots with ggplot2 or base R --------------------------------</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="va">ab1</span> <span class="op">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">antibiogram</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">example_isolates</span>,</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> antibiotics <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html" class="external-link">c</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="st">"AMC"</span>, <span class="st">"CIP"</span>, <span class="st">"TZP"</span>, <span class="st">"TZP+TOB"</span><span class="op">)</span>,</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> antimicrobials <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html" class="external-link">c</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="st">"AMC"</span>, <span class="st">"CIP"</span>, <span class="st">"TZP"</span>, <span class="st">"TZP+TOB"</span><span class="op">)</span>,</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> mo_transform <span class="op">=</span> <span class="st">"gramstain"</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="op">)</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="va">ab2</span> <span class="op">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">antibiogram</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">example_isolates</span>,</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> antibiotics <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html" class="external-link">c</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="st">"AMC"</span>, <span class="st">"CIP"</span>, <span class="st">"TZP"</span>, <span class="st">"TZP+TOB"</span><span class="op">)</span>,</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> antimicrobials <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html" class="external-link">c</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="st">"AMC"</span>, <span class="st">"CIP"</span>, <span class="st">"TZP"</span>, <span class="st">"TZP+TOB"</span><span class="op">)</span>,</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> mo_transform <span class="op">=</span> <span class="st">"gramstain"</span>,</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> syndromic_group <span class="op">=</span> <span class="st">"ward"</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="op">)</span></span></span>