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@ -192,7 +192,7 @@
<h1>How to conduct AMR analysis</h1>
<h4 class="author">Matthijs S. Berends</h4>
<h4 class="date">26 February 2019</h4>
<h4 class="date">27 February 2019</h4>
<div class="hidden name"><code>AMR.Rmd</code></div>
@ -201,7 +201,7 @@
<p><strong>Note:</strong> values on this page will change with every website update since they are based on randomly created values and the page was written in <a href="https://rmarkdown.rstudio.com/">RMarkdown</a>. However, the methodology remains unchanged. This page was generated on 26 February 2019.</p>
<p><strong>Note:</strong> values on this page will change with every website update since they are based on randomly created values and the page was written in <a href="https://rmarkdown.rstudio.com/">RMarkdown</a>. However, the methodology remains unchanged. This page was generated on 27 February 2019.</p>
<div id="introduction" class="section level1">
<h1 class="hasAnchor">
<a href="#introduction" class="anchor"></a>Introduction</h1>
@ -217,21 +217,21 @@
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td align="center">2019-02-26</td>
<td align="center">2019-02-27</td>
<td align="center">abcd</td>
<td align="center">Escherichia coli</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td align="center">2019-02-26</td>
<td align="center">2019-02-27</td>
<td align="center">abcd</td>
<td align="center">Escherichia coli</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td align="center">2019-02-26</td>
<td align="center">2019-02-27</td>
<td align="center">efgh</td>
<td align="center">Escherichia coli</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
@ -327,19 +327,41 @@
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td align="center">2015-04-06</td>
<td align="center">E7</td>
<td align="center">Hospital C</td>
<td align="center">2015-01-18</td>
<td align="center">F9</td>
<td align="center">Hospital B</td>
<td align="center">Escherichia coli</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">M</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td align="center">2017-12-07</td>
<td align="center">H7</td>
<td align="center">Hospital A</td>
<td align="center">Klebsiella pneumoniae</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">M</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td align="center">2016-02-14</td>
<td align="center">J4</td>
<td align="center">Hospital A</td>
<td align="center">Escherichia coli</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">I</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">M</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td align="center">2016-10-23</td>
<td align="center">S6</td>
<td align="center">2010-12-25</td>
<td align="center">P2</td>
<td align="center">Hospital B</td>
<td align="center">Streptococcus pneumoniae</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
@ -349,44 +371,22 @@
<td align="center">F</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td align="center">2010-02-02</td>
<td align="center">O1</td>
<td align="center">Hospital D</td>
<td align="center">Escherichia coli</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">F</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td align="center">2014-03-12</td>
<td align="center">H4</td>
<td align="center">2016-12-26</td>
<td align="center">S8</td>
<td align="center">Hospital A</td>
<td align="center">Escherichia coli</td>
<td align="center">Streptococcus pneumoniae</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">I</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">M</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td align="center">2011-11-01</td>
<td align="center">X1</td>
<td align="center">Hospital B</td>
<td align="center">Escherichia coli</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">F</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td align="center">2016-12-10</td>
<td align="center">W4</td>
<td align="center">Hospital B</td>
<td align="center">Escherichia coli</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">2010-03-27</td>
<td align="center">R7</td>
<td align="center">Hospital D</td>
<td align="center">Klebsiella pneumoniae</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
@ -411,8 +411,8 @@
#&gt;
#&gt; Item Count Percent Cum. Count Cum. Percent
#&gt; --- ----- ------- -------- ----------- -------------
#&gt; 1 M 10,479 52.4% 10,479 52.4%
#&gt; 2 F 9,521 47.6% 20,000 100.0%</code></pre>
#&gt; 1 M 10,386 51.9% 10,386 51.9%
#&gt; 2 F 9,614 48.1% 20,000 100.0%</code></pre>
<p>So, we can draw at least two conclusions immediately. From a data scientist perspective, the data looks clean: only values <code>M</code> and <code>F</code>. From a researcher perspective: there are slightly more men. Nothing we didn’t already know.</p>
<p>The data is already quite clean, but we still need to transform some variables. The <code>bacteria</code> column now consists of text, and we want to add more variables based on microbial IDs later on. So, we will transform this column to valid IDs. The <code><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html">mutate()</a></code> function of the <code>dplyr</code> package makes this really easy:</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb12"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb12-1" title="1">data &lt;-<span class="st"> </span>data <span class="op">%&gt;%</span></a>
@ -443,10 +443,10 @@
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb14-19" title="19"><span class="co">#&gt; Kingella kingae (no changes)</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb14-20" title="20"><span class="co">#&gt; </span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb14-21" title="21"><span class="co">#&gt; EUCAST Expert Rules, Intrinsic Resistance and Exceptional Phenotypes (v3.1, 2016)</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb14-22" title="22"><span class="co">#&gt; Table 1: Intrinsic resistance in Enterobacteriaceae (1324 changes)</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb14-22" title="22"><span class="co">#&gt; Table 1: Intrinsic resistance in Enterobacteriaceae (1291 changes)</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb14-23" title="23"><span class="co">#&gt; Table 2: Intrinsic resistance in non-fermentative Gram-negative bacteria (no changes)</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb14-24" title="24"><span class="co">#&gt; Table 3: Intrinsic resistance in other Gram-negative bacteria (no changes)</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb14-25" title="25"><span class="co">#&gt; Table 4: Intrinsic resistance in Gram-positive bacteria (2776 changes)</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb14-25" title="25"><span class="co">#&gt; Table 4: Intrinsic resistance in Gram-positive bacteria (2787 changes)</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb14-26" title="26"><span class="co">#&gt; Table 8: Interpretive rules for B-lactam agents and Gram-positive cocci (no changes)</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb14-27" title="27"><span class="co">#&gt; Table 9: Interpretive rules for B-lactam agents and Gram-negative rods (no changes)</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb14-28" title="28"><span class="co">#&gt; Table 10: Interpretive rules for B-lactam agents and other Gram-negative bacteria (no changes)</span></a>
@ -462,9 +462,9 @@
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb14-38" title="38"><span class="co">#&gt; Non-EUCAST: piperacillin/tazobactam = S where piperacillin = S (no changes)</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb14-39" title="39"><span class="co">#&gt; Non-EUCAST: trimethoprim/sulfa = S where trimethoprim = S (no changes)</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb14-40" title="40"><span class="co">#&gt; </span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb14-41" title="41"><span class="co">#&gt; =&gt; EUCAST rules affected 7,376 out of 20,000 rows</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb14-41" title="41"><span class="co">#&gt; =&gt; EUCAST rules affected 7,442 out of 20,000 rows</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb14-42" title="42"><span class="co">#&gt; -&gt; added 0 test results</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb14-43" title="43"><span class="co">#&gt; -&gt; changed 4,100 test results (0 to S; 0 to I; 4,100 to R)</span></a></code></pre></div>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb14-43" title="43"><span class="co">#&gt; -&gt; changed 4,078 test results (0 to S; 0 to I; 4,078 to R)</span></a></code></pre></div>
</div>
<div id="adding-new-variables" class="section level1">
<h1 class="hasAnchor">
@ -489,8 +489,8 @@
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb16-3" title="3"><span class="co">#&gt; </span><span class="al">NOTE</span><span class="co">: Using column `bacteria` as input for `col_mo`.</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb16-4" title="4"><span class="co">#&gt; </span><span class="al">NOTE</span><span class="co">: Using column `date` as input for `col_date`.</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb16-5" title="5"><span class="co">#&gt; </span><span class="al">NOTE</span><span class="co">: Using column `patient_id` as input for `col_patient_id`.</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb16-6" title="6"><span class="co">#&gt; =&gt; Found 5,678 first isolates (28.4% of total)</span></a></code></pre></div>
<p>So only 28.4% is suitable for resistance analysis! We can now filter on it with the <code><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html">filter()</a></code> function, also from the <code>dplyr</code> package:</p>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb16-6" title="6"><span class="co">#&gt; =&gt; Found 5,707 first isolates (28.5% of total)</span></a></code></pre></div>
<p>So only 28.5% is suitable for resistance analysis! We can now filter on it with the <code><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html">filter()</a></code> function, also from the <code>dplyr</code> package:</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb17"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb17-1" title="1">data_1st &lt;-<span class="st"> </span>data <span class="op">%&gt;%</span><span class="st"> </span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb17-2" title="2"><span class="st"> </span><span class="kw"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html">filter</a></span>(first <span class="op">==</span><span class="st"> </span><span class="ot">TRUE</span>)</a></code></pre></div>
<p>For future use, the above two syntaxes can be shortened with the <code><a href="../reference/first_isolate.html">filter_first_isolate()</a></code> function:</p>
@ -516,65 +516,65 @@
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td align="center">1</td>
<td align="center">2010-01-25</td>
<td align="center">B9</td>
<td align="center">2010-02-12</td>
<td align="center">I9</td>
<td align="center">B_ESCHR_COL</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">TRUE</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td align="center">2</td>
<td align="center">2010-03-01</td>
<td align="center">B9</td>
<td align="center">2010-02-12</td>
<td align="center">I9</td>
<td align="center">B_ESCHR_COL</td>
<td align="center">I</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">FALSE</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td align="center">3</td>
<td align="center">2010-06-15</td>
<td align="center">B9</td>
<td align="center">2010-02-22</td>
<td align="center">I9</td>
<td align="center">B_ESCHR_COL</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">FALSE</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td align="center">4</td>
<td align="center">2010-07-08</td>
<td align="center">B9</td>
<td align="center">2010-03-05</td>
<td align="center">I9</td>
<td align="center">B_ESCHR_COL</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">FALSE</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td align="center">5</td>
<td align="center">2010-07-20</td>
<td align="center">B9</td>
<td align="center">2010-03-08</td>
<td align="center">I9</td>
<td align="center">B_ESCHR_COL</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">FALSE</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td align="center">6</td>
<td align="center">2010-09-18</td>
<td align="center">B9</td>
<td align="center">2010-03-17</td>
<td align="center">I9</td>
<td align="center">B_ESCHR_COL</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
@ -582,8 +582,8 @@
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td align="center">7</td>
<td align="center">2010-09-21</td>
<td align="center">B9</td>
<td align="center">2010-05-03</td>
<td align="center">I9</td>
<td align="center">B_ESCHR_COL</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
@ -593,33 +593,33 @@
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td align="center">8</td>
<td align="center">2010-11-24</td>
<td align="center">B9</td>
<td align="center">2010-07-03</td>
<td align="center">I9</td>
<td align="center">B_ESCHR_COL</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">FALSE</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td align="center">9</td>
<td align="center">2010-12-08</td>
<td align="center">B9</td>
<td align="center">2010-09-11</td>
<td align="center">I9</td>
<td align="center">B_ESCHR_COL</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">FALSE</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td align="center">10</td>
<td align="center">2011-01-19</td>
<td align="center">B9</td>
<td align="center">2010-09-24</td>
<td align="center">I9</td>
<td align="center">B_ESCHR_COL</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">I</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">FALSE</td>
@ -637,7 +637,7 @@
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb19-7" title="7"><span class="co">#&gt; </span><span class="al">NOTE</span><span class="co">: Using column `patient_id` as input for `col_patient_id`.</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb19-8" title="8"><span class="co">#&gt; </span><span class="al">NOTE</span><span class="co">: Using column `keyab` as input for `col_keyantibiotics`. Use col_keyantibiotics = FALSE to prevent this.</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb19-9" title="9"><span class="co">#&gt; [Criterion] Inclusion based on key antibiotics, ignoring I.</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb19-10" title="10"><span class="co">#&gt; =&gt; Found 15,822 first weighted isolates (79.1% of total)</span></a></code></pre></div>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb19-10" title="10"><span class="co">#&gt; =&gt; Found 15,861 first weighted isolates (79.3% of total)</span></a></code></pre></div>
<table class="table">
<thead><tr class="header">
<th align="center">isolate</th>
@ -654,70 +654,70 @@
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td align="center">1</td>
<td align="center">2010-01-25</td>
<td align="center">B9</td>
<td align="center">2010-02-12</td>
<td align="center">I9</td>
<td align="center">B_ESCHR_COL</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">TRUE</td>
<td align="center">TRUE</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td align="center">2</td>
<td align="center">2010-03-01</td>
<td align="center">B9</td>
<td align="center">2010-02-12</td>
<td align="center">I9</td>
<td align="center">B_ESCHR_COL</td>
<td align="center">I</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">FALSE</td>
<td align="center">TRUE</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td align="center">3</td>
<td align="center">2010-06-15</td>
<td align="center">B9</td>
<td align="center">2010-02-22</td>
<td align="center">I9</td>
<td align="center">B_ESCHR_COL</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">FALSE</td>
<td align="center">TRUE</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td align="center">4</td>
<td align="center">2010-07-08</td>
<td align="center">B9</td>
<td align="center">2010-03-05</td>
<td align="center">I9</td>
<td align="center">B_ESCHR_COL</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">FALSE</td>
<td align="center">FALSE</td>
<td align="center">TRUE</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td align="center">5</td>
<td align="center">2010-07-20</td>
<td align="center">B9</td>
<td align="center">2010-03-08</td>
<td align="center">I9</td>
<td align="center">B_ESCHR_COL</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">FALSE</td>
<td align="center">TRUE</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td align="center">6</td>
<td align="center">2010-09-18</td>
<td align="center">B9</td>
<td align="center">2010-03-17</td>
<td align="center">I9</td>
<td align="center">B_ESCHR_COL</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
@ -726,35 +726,35 @@
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td align="center">7</td>
<td align="center">2010-09-21</td>
<td align="center">B9</td>
<td align="center">2010-05-03</td>
<td align="center">I9</td>
<td align="center">B_ESCHR_COL</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">FALSE</td>
<td align="center">TRUE</td>
<td align="center">FALSE</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td align="center">8</td>
<td align="center">2010-11-24</td>
<td align="center">B9</td>
<td align="center">2010-07-03</td>
<td align="center">I9</td>
<td align="center">B_ESCHR_COL</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">FALSE</td>
<td align="center">TRUE</td>
<td align="center">FALSE</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td align="center">9</td>
<td align="center">2010-12-08</td>
<td align="center">B9</td>
<td align="center">2010-09-11</td>
<td align="center">I9</td>
<td align="center">B_ESCHR_COL</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">FALSE</td>
@ -762,11 +762,11 @@
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td align="center">10</td>
<td align="center">2011-01-19</td>
<td align="center">B9</td>
<td align="center">2010-09-24</td>
<td align="center">I9</td>
<td align="center">B_ESCHR_COL</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">I</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">FALSE</td>
@ -774,11 +774,11 @@
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Instead of 1, now 9 isolates are flagged. In total, 79.1% of all isolates are marked ‘first weighted’ - 50.7% more than when using the CLSI guideline. In real life, this novel algorithm will yield 5-10% more isolates than the classic CLSI guideline.</p>
<p>Instead of 1, now 8 isolates are flagged. In total, 79.3% of all isolates are marked ‘first weighted’ - 50.8% more than when using the CLSI guideline. In real life, this novel algorithm will yield 5-10% more isolates than the classic CLSI guideline.</p>
<p>As with <code><a href="../reference/first_isolate.html">filter_first_isolate()</a></code>, there’s a shortcut for this new algorithm too:</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb20"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb20-1" title="1">data_1st &lt;-<span class="st"> </span>data <span class="op">%&gt;%</span><span class="st"> </span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb20-2" title="2"><span class="st"> </span><span class="kw"><a href="../reference/first_isolate.html">filter_first_weighted_isolate</a></span>()</a></code></pre></div>
<p>So we end up with 15,822 isolates for analysis.</p>
<p>So we end up with 15,861 isolates for analysis.</p>
<p>We can remove unneeded columns:</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb21"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb21-1" title="1">data_1st &lt;-<span class="st"> </span>data_1st <span class="op">%&gt;%</span><span class="st"> </span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb21-2" title="2"><span class="st"> </span><span class="kw"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/select.html">select</a></span>(<span class="op">-</span><span class="kw"><a href="https://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/base/topics/c">c</a></span>(first, keyab))</a></code></pre></div>
@ -804,14 +804,14 @@
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td>1</td>
<td align="center">2015-04-06</td>
<td align="center">E7</td>
<td align="center">Hospital C</td>
<td align="center">2015-01-18</td>
<td align="center">F9</td>
<td align="center">Hospital B</td>
<td align="center">B_ESCHR_COL</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">I</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">M</td>
<td align="center">Gram negative</td>
<td align="center">Escherichia</td>
@ -819,9 +819,25 @@
<td align="center">TRUE</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>2</td>
<td align="center">2016-10-23</td>
<td align="center">S6</td>
<td>3</td>
<td align="center">2016-02-14</td>
<td align="center">J4</td>
<td align="center">Hospital A</td>
<td align="center">B_ESCHR_COL</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">I</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">M</td>
<td align="center">Gram negative</td>
<td align="center">Escherichia</td>
<td align="center">coli</td>
<td align="center">TRUE</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>4</td>
<td align="center">2010-12-25</td>
<td align="center">P2</td>
<td align="center">Hospital B</td>
<td align="center">B_STRPT_PNE</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
@ -834,68 +850,52 @@
<td align="center">pneumoniae</td>
<td align="center">TRUE</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>3</td>
<td align="center">2010-02-02</td>
<td align="center">O1</td>
<td align="center">Hospital D</td>
<td align="center">B_ESCHR_COL</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">F</td>
<td align="center">Gram negative</td>
<td align="center">Escherichia</td>
<td align="center">coli</td>
<td align="center">TRUE</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>5</td>
<td align="center">2011-11-01</td>
<td align="center">X1</td>
<td align="center">Hospital B</td>
<td align="center">B_ESCHR_COL</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">2016-12-26</td>
<td align="center">S8</td>
<td align="center">Hospital A</td>
<td align="center">B_STRPT_PNE</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">I</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">F</td>
<td align="center">Gram negative</td>
<td align="center">Escherichia</td>
<td align="center">coli</td>
<td align="center">Gram positive</td>
<td align="center">Streptococcus</td>
<td align="center">pneumoniae</td>
<td align="center">TRUE</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>6</td>
<td align="center">2016-12-10</td>
<td align="center">W4</td>
<td align="center">Hospital B</td>
<td align="center">B_ESCHR_COL</td>
<td align="center">2010-03-27</td>
<td align="center">R7</td>
<td align="center">Hospital D</td>
<td align="center">B_KLBSL_PNE</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">F</td>
<td align="center">Gram negative</td>
<td align="center">Escherichia</td>
<td align="center">coli</td>
<td align="center">Klebsiella</td>
<td align="center">pneumoniae</td>
<td align="center">TRUE</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>7</td>
<td align="center">2015-07-07</td>
<td align="center">P8</td>
<td align="center">Hospital D</td>
<td align="center">B_ESCHR_COL</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td>8</td>
<td align="center">2016-08-08</td>
<td align="center">K8</td>
<td align="center">Hospital B</td>
<td align="center">B_KLBSL_PNE</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">I</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">F</td>
<td align="center">M</td>
<td align="center">Gram negative</td>
<td align="center">Escherichia</td>
<td align="center">coli</td>
<td align="center">Klebsiella</td>
<td align="center">pneumoniae</td>
<td align="center">TRUE</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
@ -915,9 +915,9 @@
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb23"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb23-1" title="1"><span class="kw"><a href="../reference/freq.html">freq</a></span>(<span class="kw"><a href="https://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/base/topics/paste">paste</a></span>(data_1st<span class="op">$</span>genus, data_1st<span class="op">$</span>species))</a></code></pre></div>
<p>Or can be used like the <code>dplyr</code> way, which is easier readable:</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb24"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb24-1" title="1">data_1st <span class="op">%&gt;%</span><span class="st"> </span><span class="kw"><a href="../reference/freq.html">freq</a></span>(genus, species)</a></code></pre></div>
<p><strong>Frequency table of <code>genus</code> and <code>species</code> from a <code>data.frame</code> (15,822 x 13)</strong></p>
<p><strong>Frequency table of <code>genus</code> and <code>species</code> from a <code>data.frame</code> (15,861 x 13)</strong></p>
<p>Columns: 2<br>
Length: 15,822 (of which NA: 0 = 0.00%)<br>
Length: 15,861 (of which NA: 0 = 0.00%)<br>
Unique: 4</p>
<p>Shortest: 16<br>
Longest: 24</p>
@ -934,33 +934,33 @@ Longest: 24</p>
<tr class="odd">
<td align="left">1</td>
<td align="left">Escherichia coli</td>
<td align="right">7,838</td>
<td align="right">49.5%</td>
<td align="right">7,838</td>
<td align="right">49.5%</td>
<td align="right">7,879</td>
<td align="right">49.7%</td>
<td align="right">7,879</td>
<td align="right">49.7%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td align="left">2</td>
<td align="left">Staphylococcus aureus</td>
<td align="right">3,965</td>
<td align="right">25.1%</td>
<td align="right">11,803</td>
<td align="right">74.6%</td>
<td align="right">3,915</td>
<td align="right">24.7%</td>
<td align="right">11,794</td>
<td align="right">74.4%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td align="left">3</td>
<td align="left">Streptococcus pneumoniae</td>
<td align="right">2,457</td>
<td align="right">15.5%</td>
<td align="right">14,260</td>
<td align="right">90.1%</td>
<td align="right">2,482</td>
<td align="right">15.6%</td>
<td align="right">14,276</td>
<td align="right">90.0%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td align="left">4</td>
<td align="left">Klebsiella pneumoniae</td>
<td align="right">1,562</td>
<td align="right">9.9%</td>
<td align="right">15,822</td>
<td align="right">1,585</td>
<td align="right">10.0%</td>
<td align="right">15,861</td>
<td align="right">100.0%</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
@ -971,7 +971,7 @@ Longest: 24</p>
<a href="#resistance-percentages" class="anchor"></a>Resistance percentages</h2>
<p>The functions <code>portion_R</code>, <code>portion_RI</code>, <code>portion_I</code>, <code>portion_IS</code> and <code>portion_S</code> can be used to determine the portion of a specific antimicrobial outcome. They can be used on their own:</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb25"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb25-1" title="1">data_1st <span class="op">%&gt;%</span><span class="st"> </span><span class="kw"><a href="../reference/portion.html">portion_IR</a></span>(amox)</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb25-2" title="2"><span class="co">#&gt; [1] 0.4722538</span></a></code></pre></div>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb25-2" title="2"><span class="co">#&gt; [1] 0.4744341</span></a></code></pre></div>
<p>Or can be used in conjuction with <code><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/group_by.html">group_by()</a></code> and <code><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/summarise.html">summarise()</a></code>, both from the <code>dplyr</code> package:</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb26"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb26-1" title="1">data_1st <span class="op">%&gt;%</span><span class="st"> </span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb26-2" title="2"><span class="st"> </span><span class="kw"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/group_by.html">group_by</a></span>(hospital) <span class="op">%&gt;%</span><span class="st"> </span></a>
@ -984,19 +984,19 @@ Longest: 24</p>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td align="center">Hospital A</td>
<td align="center">0.4692014</td>
<td align="center">0.4759916</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td align="center">Hospital B</td>
<td align="center">0.4694061</td>
<td align="center">0.4808997</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td align="center">Hospital C</td>
<td align="center">0.4845361</td>
<td align="center">0.4682779</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td align="center">Hospital D</td>
<td align="center">0.4727669</td>
<td align="center">0.4651015</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
@ -1014,23 +1014,23 @@ Longest: 24</p>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td align="center">Hospital A</td>
<td align="center">0.4692014</td>
<td align="center">4708</td>
<td align="center">0.4759916</td>
<td align="center">4790</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td align="center">Hospital B</td>
<td align="center">0.4694061</td>
<td align="center">5573</td>
<td align="center">0.4808997</td>
<td align="center">5602</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td align="center">Hospital C</td>
<td align="center">0.4845361</td>
<td align="center">2328</td>
<td align="center">0.4682779</td>
<td align="center">2317</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td align="center">Hospital D</td>
<td align="center">0.4727669</td>
<td align="center">3213</td>
<td align="center">0.4651015</td>
<td align="center">3152</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
@ -1050,27 +1050,27 @@ Longest: 24</p>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td align="center">Escherichia</td>
<td align="center">0.7269712</td>
<td align="center">0.9050778</td>
<td align="center">0.9744833</td>
<td align="center">0.7292804</td>
<td align="center">0.8975758</td>
<td align="center">0.9772814</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td align="center">Klebsiella</td>
<td align="center">0.7349552</td>
<td align="center">0.8988476</td>
<td align="center">0.9763124</td>
<td align="center">0.7438486</td>
<td align="center">0.9015773</td>
<td align="center">0.9741325</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td align="center">Staphylococcus</td>
<td align="center">0.7263556</td>
<td align="center">0.9235813</td>
<td align="center">0.9793190</td>
<td align="center">0.7315453</td>
<td align="center">0.9154534</td>
<td align="center">0.9793103</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td align="center">Streptococcus</td>
<td align="center">0.7391127</td>
<td align="center">0.7352941</td>
<td align="center">0.0000000</td>
<td align="center">0.7391127</td>
<td align="center">0.7352941</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

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@ -192,7 +192,7 @@
<h1>How to apply EUCAST rules</h1>
<h4 class="author">Matthijs S. Berends</h4>
<h4 class="date">26 February 2019</h4>
<h4 class="date">27 February 2019</h4>
<div class="hidden name"><code>EUCAST.Rmd</code></div>

2
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@ -192,7 +192,7 @@
<h1>How to use the <em>G</em>-test</h1>
<h4 class="author">Matthijs S. Berends</h4>
<h4 class="date">26 February 2019</h4>
<h4 class="date">27 February 2019</h4>
<div class="hidden name"><code>G_test.Rmd</code></div>

2
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@ -192,7 +192,7 @@
<h1>How to work with WHONET data</h1>
<h4 class="author">Matthijs S. Berends</h4>
<h4 class="date">26 February 2019</h4>
<h4 class="date">27 February 2019</h4>
<div class="hidden name"><code>WHONET.Rmd</code></div>

2
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@ -192,7 +192,7 @@
<h1>How to get properties of an antibiotic</h1>
<h4 class="author">Matthijs S. Berends</h4>
<h4 class="date">26 February 2019</h4>
<h4 class="date">27 February 2019</h4>
<div class="hidden name"><code>atc_property.Rmd</code></div>

78
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@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
</button>
<span class="navbar-brand">
<a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">AMR (for R)</a>
<span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Released version">0.5.0.9018</span>
<span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Released version">0.5.0.9019</span>
</span>
</div>
@ -192,7 +192,7 @@
<h1>Benchmarks</h1>
<h4 class="author">Matthijs S. Berends</h4>
<h4 class="date">25 February 2019</h4>
<h4 class="date">27 February 2019</h4>
<div class="hidden name"><code>benchmarks.Rmd</code></div>
@ -217,15 +217,15 @@
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb2-8" title="8"> <span class="dt">times =</span> <span class="dv">10</span>)</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb2-9" title="9"><span class="kw"><a href="https://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/base/topics/print">print</a></span>(S.aureus, <span class="dt">unit =</span> <span class="st">"ms"</span>, <span class="dt">signif =</span> <span class="dv">3</span>)</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb2-10" title="10"><span class="co">#&gt; Unit: milliseconds</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb2-11" title="11"><span class="co">#&gt; expr min lq mean median uq max neval</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb2-12" title="12"><span class="co">#&gt; as.mo("sau") 13.40 13.60 17.8 13.60 13.80 51.6 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb2-13" title="13"><span class="co">#&gt; as.mo("stau") 83.00 83.30 96.5 85.30 88.40 163.0 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb2-14" title="14"><span class="co">#&gt; as.mo("staaur") 13.50 13.50 19.1 13.70 14.90 51.5 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb2-15" title="15"><span class="co">#&gt; as.mo("STAAUR") 13.50 13.50 14.1 13.60 13.70 18.2 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb2-16" title="16"><span class="co">#&gt; as.mo("S. aureus") 21.40 21.40 22.1 21.50 21.70 25.4 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb2-17" title="17"><span class="co">#&gt; as.mo("S. aureus") 21.40 21.40 25.7 21.60 23.30 60.1 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb2-18" title="18"><span class="co">#&gt; as.mo("Staphylococcus aureus") 5.63 5.87 15.2 5.94 8.32 57.8 10</span></a></code></pre></div>
<p>In the table above, all measurements are shown in milliseconds (thousands of seconds). A value of 10 milliseconds means it can determine 100 input values per second. It case of 50 milliseconds, this is only 20 input values per second. The second input is the only one that has to be looked up thoroughly. All the others are known codes (the first is a WHONET code) or common laboratory codes, or common full organism names like the last one.</p>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb2-11" title="11"><span class="co">#&gt; expr min lq mean median uq max neval</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb2-12" title="12"><span class="co">#&gt; as.mo("sau") 15.40 15.50 22.70 15.60 15.90 53.3 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb2-13" title="13"><span class="co">#&gt; as.mo("stau") 84.20 84.30 86.60 84.60 86.60 102.0 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb2-14" title="14"><span class="co">#&gt; as.mo("staaur") 15.40 15.40 19.70 15.50 15.60 57.1 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb2-15" title="15"><span class="co">#&gt; as.mo("STAAUR") 15.40 15.40 15.50 15.50 15.60 15.9 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb2-16" title="16"><span class="co">#&gt; as.mo("S. aureus") 23.50 23.50 31.10 23.50 23.60 61.7 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb2-17" title="17"><span class="co">#&gt; as.mo("S. aureus") 23.50 23.50 36.50 23.50 61.60 74.3 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb2-18" title="18"><span class="co">#&gt; as.mo("Staphylococcus aureus") 7.19 7.27 9.01 7.44 7.67 23.2 10</span></a></code></pre></div>
<p>In the table above, all measurements are shown in milliseconds (thousands of seconds). A value of 5 milliseconds means it can determine 200 input values per second. It case of 100 milliseconds, this is only 10 input values per second. The second input is the only one that has to be looked up thoroughly. All the others are known codes (the first one is a WHONET code) or common laboratory codes, or common full organism names like the last one. Full organism names are always preferred.</p>
<p>To achieve this speed, the <code>as.mo</code> function also takes into account the prevalence of human pathogenic microorganisms. The downside is of course that less prevalent microorganisms will be determined less fast. See this example for the ID of <em>Thermus islandicus</em> (<code>B_THERMS_ISL</code>), a bug probably never found before in humans:</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb3"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb3-1" title="1">T.islandicus &lt;-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw"><a href="https://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/microbenchmark/topics/microbenchmark">microbenchmark</a></span>(<span class="kw"><a href="../reference/as.mo.html">as.mo</a></span>(<span class="st">"theisl"</span>),</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb3-2" title="2"> <span class="kw"><a href="../reference/as.mo.html">as.mo</a></span>(<span class="st">"THEISL"</span>),</a>
@ -236,12 +236,12 @@
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb3-7" title="7"><span class="kw"><a href="https://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/base/topics/print">print</a></span>(T.islandicus, <span class="dt">unit =</span> <span class="st">"ms"</span>, <span class="dt">signif =</span> <span class="dv">3</span>)</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb3-8" title="8"><span class="co">#&gt; Unit: milliseconds</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb3-9" title="9"><span class="co">#&gt; expr min lq mean median uq max neval</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb3-10" title="10"><span class="co">#&gt; as.mo("theisl") 448.0 486.0 483.0 489.0 490.0 510.0 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb3-11" title="11"><span class="co">#&gt; as.mo("THEISL") 447.0 489.0 487.0 491.0 493.0 499.0 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb3-12" title="12"><span class="co">#&gt; as.mo("T. islandicus") 78.0 78.2 78.9 78.7 78.9 82.3 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb3-13" title="13"><span class="co">#&gt; as.mo("T. islandicus") 78.1 78.3 84.4 78.8 81.3 129.0 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb3-14" title="14"><span class="co">#&gt; as.mo("Thermus islandicus") 61.8 62.1 75.4 62.8 104.0 109.0 10</span></a></code></pre></div>
<p>That takes 8 times as much time on average. A value of 100 milliseconds means it can only determine ~10 different input values per second. We can conclude that looking up arbitrary codes of less prevalent microorganisms is the worst way to go, in terms of calculation performance. Full names (like <em>Thermus islandicus</em>) are almost fast - these are the most probable input from most data sets.</p>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb3-10" title="10"><span class="co">#&gt; as.mo("theisl") 444.0 449.0 479.0 488.0 493.0 506.0 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb3-11" title="11"><span class="co">#&gt; as.mo("THEISL") 444.0 484.0 488.0 491.0 507.0 514.0 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb3-12" title="12"><span class="co">#&gt; as.mo("T. islandicus") 80.5 80.8 87.8 81.3 89.9 118.0 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb3-13" title="13"><span class="co">#&gt; as.mo("T. islandicus") 79.8 80.4 82.0 80.7 81.2 93.5 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb3-14" title="14"><span class="co">#&gt; as.mo("Thermus islandicus") 63.4 63.5 72.3 64.0 64.5 107.0 10</span></a></code></pre></div>
<p>That takes 7.7 times as much time on average. A value of 100 milliseconds means it can only determine ~10 different input values per second. We can conclude that looking up arbitrary codes of less prevalent microorganisms is the worst way to go, in terms of calculation performance. Full names (like <em>Thermus islandicus</em>) are almost fast - these are the most probable input from most data sets.</p>
<p>In the figure below, we compare <em>Escherichia coli</em> (which is very common) with <em>Prevotella brevis</em> (which is moderately common) and with <em>Thermus islandicus</em> (which is very uncommon):</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb4"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb4-1" title="1"><span class="kw"><a href="https://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/graphics/topics/par">par</a></span>(<span class="dt">mar =</span> <span class="kw"><a href="https://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/base/topics/c">c</a></span>(<span class="dv">5</span>, <span class="dv">16</span>, <span class="dv">4</span>, <span class="dv">2</span>)) <span class="co"># set more space for left margin text (16)</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb4-2" title="2"></a>
@ -287,8 +287,8 @@
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb5-24" title="24"><span class="kw"><a href="https://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/base/topics/print">print</a></span>(run_it, <span class="dt">unit =</span> <span class="st">"ms"</span>, <span class="dt">signif =</span> <span class="dv">3</span>)</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb5-25" title="25"><span class="co">#&gt; Unit: milliseconds</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb5-26" title="26"><span class="co">#&gt; expr min lq mean median uq max neval</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb5-27" title="27"><span class="co">#&gt; mo_fullname(x) 741 746 806 778 827 968 10</span></a></code></pre></div>
<p>So transforming 500,000 values (!!) of 50 unique values only takes 0.78 seconds (778 ms). You only lose time on your unique input values.</p>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb5-27" title="27"><span class="co">#&gt; mo_fullname(x) 743 771 805 798 844 886 10</span></a></code></pre></div>
<p>So transforming 500,000 values (!!) of 50 unique values only takes 0.8 seconds (798 ms). You only lose time on your unique input values.</p>
</div>
<div id="precalculated-results" class="section level3">
<h3 class="hasAnchor">
@ -300,11 +300,11 @@
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb6-4" title="4"> <span class="dt">times =</span> <span class="dv">10</span>)</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb6-5" title="5"><span class="kw"><a href="https://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/base/topics/print">print</a></span>(run_it, <span class="dt">unit =</span> <span class="st">"ms"</span>, <span class="dt">signif =</span> <span class="dv">3</span>)</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb6-6" title="6"><span class="co">#&gt; Unit: milliseconds</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb6-7" title="7"><span class="co">#&gt; expr min lq mean median uq max neval</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb6-8" title="8"><span class="co">#&gt; A 10.200 10.300 10.600 10.400 11.00 11.300 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb6-9" title="9"><span class="co">#&gt; B 20.500 20.700 21.300 21.400 22.00 22.100 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb6-10" title="10"><span class="co">#&gt; C 0.308 0.504 0.589 0.591 0.73 0.863 10</span></a></code></pre></div>
<p>So going from <code><a href="../reference/mo_property.html">mo_fullname("Staphylococcus aureus")</a></code> to <code>"Staphylococcus aureus"</code> takes 0.0006 seconds - it doesn’t even start calculating <em>if the result would be the same as the expected resulting value</em>. That goes for all helper functions:</p>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb6-7" title="7"><span class="co">#&gt; expr min lq mean median uq max neval</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb6-8" title="8"><span class="co">#&gt; A 10.900 11.100 11.200 11.200 11.300 11.400 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb6-9" title="9"><span class="co">#&gt; B 21.300 21.400 21.600 21.600 21.700 22.000 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb6-10" title="10"><span class="co">#&gt; C 0.302 0.313 0.492 0.532 0.569 0.725 10</span></a></code></pre></div>
<p>So going from <code><a href="../reference/mo_property.html">mo_fullname("Staphylococcus aureus")</a></code> to <code>"Staphylococcus aureus"</code> takes 0.0005 seconds - it doesn’t even start calculating <em>if the result would be the same as the expected resulting value</em>. That goes for all helper functions:</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb7"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-1" title="1">run_it &lt;-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw"><a href="https://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/microbenchmark/topics/microbenchmark">microbenchmark</a></span>(<span class="dt">A =</span> <span class="kw"><a href="../reference/mo_property.html">mo_species</a></span>(<span class="st">"aureus"</span>),</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-2" title="2"> <span class="dt">B =</span> <span class="kw"><a href="../reference/mo_property.html">mo_genus</a></span>(<span class="st">"Staphylococcus"</span>),</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-3" title="3"> <span class="dt">C =</span> <span class="kw"><a href="../reference/mo_property.html">mo_fullname</a></span>(<span class="st">"Staphylococcus aureus"</span>),</a>
@ -317,14 +317,14 @@
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-10" title="10"><span class="kw"><a href="https://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/base/topics/print">print</a></span>(run_it, <span class="dt">unit =</span> <span class="st">"ms"</span>, <span class="dt">signif =</span> <span class="dv">3</span>)</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-11" title="11"><span class="co">#&gt; Unit: milliseconds</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-12" title="12"><span class="co">#&gt; expr min lq mean median uq max neval</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-13" title="13"><span class="co">#&gt; A 0.318 0.340 0.388 0.382 0.434 0.474 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-14" title="14"><span class="co">#&gt; B 0.339 0.362 0.424 0.428 0.449 0.555 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-15" title="15"><span class="co">#&gt; C 0.331 0.369 0.522 0.526 0.637 0.673 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-16" title="16"><span class="co">#&gt; D 0.269 0.278 0.313 0.300 0.353 0.384 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-17" title="17"><span class="co">#&gt; E 0.252 0.266 0.322 0.302 0.349 0.448 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-18" title="18"><span class="co">#&gt; F 0.241 0.264 0.310 0.313 0.347 0.379 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-19" title="19"><span class="co">#&gt; G 0.241 0.258 0.310 0.317 0.355 0.386 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-20" title="20"><span class="co">#&gt; H 0.278 0.289 0.316 0.313 0.334 0.375 10</span></a></code></pre></div>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-13" title="13"><span class="co">#&gt; A 0.330 0.399 0.444 0.425 0.480 0.599 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-14" title="14"><span class="co">#&gt; B 0.343 0.362 0.386 0.376 0.425 0.439 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-15" title="15"><span class="co">#&gt; C 0.327 0.454 0.550 0.571 0.640 0.816 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-16" title="16"><span class="co">#&gt; D 0.273 0.306 0.329 0.319 0.366 0.392 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-17" title="17"><span class="co">#&gt; E 0.246 0.266 0.295 0.286 0.323 0.364 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-18" title="18"><span class="co">#&gt; F 0.260 0.265 0.320 0.312 0.364 0.407 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-19" title="19"><span class="co">#&gt; G 0.238 0.252 0.281 0.270 0.319 0.339 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-20" title="20"><span class="co">#&gt; H 0.251 0.278 0.316 0.320 0.358 0.381 10</span></a></code></pre></div>
<p>Of course, when running <code><a href="../reference/mo_property.html">mo_phylum("Firmicutes")</a></code> the function has zero knowledge about the actual microorganism, namely <em>S. aureus</em>. But since the result would be <code>"Firmicutes"</code> too, there is no point in calculating the result. And because this package ‘knows’ all phyla of all known bacteria (according to the Catalogue of Life), it can just return the initial value immediately.</p>
</div>
<div id="results-in-other-languages" class="section level3">
@ -351,13 +351,13 @@
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-18" title="18"><span class="kw"><a href="https://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/base/topics/print">print</a></span>(run_it, <span class="dt">unit =</span> <span class="st">"ms"</span>, <span class="dt">signif =</span> <span class="dv">4</span>)</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-19" title="19"><span class="co">#&gt; Unit: milliseconds</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-20" title="20"><span class="co">#&gt; expr min lq mean median uq max neval</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-21" title="21"><span class="co">#&gt; en 13.23 13.57 16.92 13.69 13.73 46.78 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-22" title="22"><span class="co">#&gt; de 22.09 22.20 25.72 22.32 23.16 55.31 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-23" title="23"><span class="co">#&gt; nl 21.66 22.03 22.12 22.15 22.20 22.52 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-24" title="24"><span class="co">#&gt; es 21.67 22.07 22.32 22.16 22.45 23.26 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-25" title="25"><span class="co">#&gt; it 21.64 21.86 22.35 22.21 22.48 23.90 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-26" title="26"><span class="co">#&gt; fr 21.70 22.10 28.72 22.21 22.33 55.28 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-27" title="27"><span class="co">#&gt; pt 21.78 22.12 28.83 22.19 22.21 55.99 10</span></a></code></pre></div>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-21" title="21"><span class="co">#&gt; en 14.37 14.43 17.91 14.64 14.82 47.42 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-22" title="22"><span class="co">#&gt; de 22.59 22.88 27.57 23.00 23.55 67.95 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-23" title="23"><span class="co">#&gt; nl 22.50 22.91 26.39 22.94 23.01 57.05 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-24" title="24"><span class="co">#&gt; es 22.56 22.76 26.83 23.05 24.02 57.31 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-25" title="25"><span class="co">#&gt; it 22.53 22.86 29.52 22.97 23.29 56.11 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-26" title="26"><span class="co">#&gt; fr 22.49 22.92 23.06 23.01 23.18 23.99 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-27" title="27"><span class="co">#&gt; pt 22.49 22.86 23.21 23.06 23.62 24.09 10</span></a></code></pre></div>
<p>Currently supported are German, Dutch, Spanish, Italian, French and Portuguese.</p>
</div>
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</button>
<span class="navbar-brand">
<a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">AMR (for R)</a>
<span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Released version">0.5.0.9018</span>
<span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Released version">0.5.0.9019</span>
</span>
</div>
@ -192,7 +192,7 @@
<h1>How to create frequency tables</h1>
<h4 class="author">Matthijs S. Berends</h4>
<h4 class="date">25 February 2019</h4>
<h4 class="date">27 February 2019</h4>
<div class="hidden name"><code>freq.Rmd</code></div>

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</button>
<span class="navbar-brand">
<a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">AMR (for R)</a>
<span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Released version">0.5.0.9018</span>
<span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Released version">0.5.0.9019</span>
</span>
</div>
@ -192,7 +192,7 @@
<h1>How to get properties of a microorganism</h1>
<h4 class="author">Matthijs S. Berends</h4>
<h4 class="date">25 February 2019</h4>
<h4 class="date">27 February 2019</h4>
<div class="hidden name"><code>mo_property.Rmd</code></div>

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</button>
<span class="navbar-brand">
<a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">AMR (for R)</a>
<span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Released version">0.5.0.9018</span>
<span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Released version">0.5.0.9019</span>
</span>
</div>
@ -192,7 +192,7 @@
<h1>How to predict antimicrobial resistance</h1>
<h4 class="author">Matthijs S. Berends</h4>
<h4 class="date">25 February 2019</h4>
<h4 class="date">27 February 2019</h4>
<div class="hidden name"><code>resistance_predict.Rmd</code></div>