amr_class ( amr_class , only_sir_columns = FALSE , only_treatable = TRUE ,
- return_all = TRUE , ... )
-
-amr_selector ( filter , only_sir_columns = FALSE , only_treatable = TRUE ,
- return_all = TRUE , ... )
-
-aminoglycosides ( only_sir_columns = FALSE , only_treatable = TRUE ,
+ aminoglycosides ( only_sir_columns = FALSE , only_treatable = TRUE ,
return_all = TRUE , ... )
aminopenicillins ( only_sir_columns = FALSE , return_all = TRUE , ... )
@@ -142,6 +136,12 @@ my_data_with_all_these_columns %>%
ureidopenicillins ( only_sir_columns = FALSE , return_all = TRUE , ... )
+amr_class ( amr_class , only_sir_columns = FALSE , only_treatable = TRUE ,
+ return_all = TRUE , ... )
+
+amr_selector ( filter , only_sir_columns = FALSE , only_treatable = TRUE ,
+ return_all = TRUE , ... )
+
administrable_per_os ( only_sir_columns = FALSE , return_all = TRUE , ... )
administrable_iv ( only_sir_columns = FALSE , return_all = TRUE , ... )
@@ -154,11 +154,7 @@ my_data_with_all_these_columns %>%
Arguments
-amr_class
-an antimicrobial class or a part of it, such as "carba"
and "carbapenems"
. The columns group
, atc_group1
and atc_group2
of the antibiotics data set will be searched (case-insensitive) for this value.
-
-
-only_sir_columns
+only_sir_columns
a logical to indicate whether only columns of class sir
must be selected (default is FALSE
), see as.sir()
@@ -174,6 +170,10 @@ my_data_with_all_these_columns %>%
ignored, only in place to allow future extensions
+amr_class
+an antimicrobial class or a part of it, such as "carba"
and "carbapenems"
. The columns group
, atc_group1
and atc_group2
of the antibiotics data set will be searched (case-insensitive) for this value.
+
+
filter
an expression to be evaluated in the antibiotics data set, such as name %like% "trim"
@@ -196,8 +196,8 @@ my_data_with_all_these_columns %>%
All selectors can also be used in tidymodels
packages such as recipe
and parsnip
. See for more info our tutorial on using antimicrobial selectors for predictive modelling.
All columns in the data in which these functions are called will be searched for known antimicrobial names, abbreviations, brand names, and codes (ATC, EARS-Net, WHO, etc.) according to the antibiotics data set. This means that a selector such as aminoglycosides()
will pick up column names like 'gen', 'genta', 'J01GB03', 'tobra', 'Tobracin', etc.
The amr_class()
function can be used to filter/select on a manually defined antimicrobial class. It searches for results in the antibiotics data set within the columns group
, atc_group1
and atc_group2
.
-The amr_selector()
function can be used to internally filter the antibiotics data set on any results, see Examples . It allows for filtering on a (part of) a certain name, and/or a group name or even a minimum of DDDs for oral treatment. This function yields the highest flexibility, but is also the least user-friendly, since it requires a hard-coded filter to set.
The administrable_per_os()
and administrable_iv()
functions also rely on the antibiotics data set - antimicrobials will be matched where a DDD (defined daily dose) for resp. oral and IV treatment is available in the antibiotics data set.
+The amr_selector()
function can be used to internally filter the antibiotics data set on any results, see Examples . It allows for filtering on a (part of) a certain name, and/or a group name or even a minimum of DDDs for oral treatment. This function yields the highest flexibility, but is also the least user-friendly, since it requires a hard-coded filter to set.
The not_intrinsic_resistant()
function can be used to only select antimicrobials that pose no intrinsic resistance for the microorganisms in the data set. For example, if a data set contains only microorganism codes or names of E. coli and K. pneumoniae and contains a column "vancomycin", this column will be removed (or rather, unselected) using this function. It currently applies 'EUCAST Expert Rules' and 'EUCAST Intrinsic Resistance and Unusual Phenotypes' v3.3 (2021) to determine intrinsic resistance, using the eucast_rules()
function internally. Because of this determination, this function is quite slow in terms of performance.
diff --git a/reference/as.ab.html b/reference/as.ab.html
index 38df67ade..e890a163f 100644
--- a/reference/as.ab.html
+++ b/reference/as.ab.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
AMR (for R)
-
2.1.1.9160
+
2.1.1.9163
diff --git a/reference/as.av.html b/reference/as.av.html
index 63ff0b0e1..467770a14 100644
--- a/reference/as.av.html
+++ b/reference/as.av.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
AMR (for R)
- 2.1.1.9160
+ 2.1.1.9163
diff --git a/reference/as.disk.html b/reference/as.disk.html
index b01fbdb2c..391d7099e 100644
--- a/reference/as.disk.html
+++ b/reference/as.disk.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
AMR (for R)
- 2.1.1.9160
+ 2.1.1.9163
diff --git a/reference/as.mic.html b/reference/as.mic.html
index cc8fa1a63..eb9e5f0e8 100644
--- a/reference/as.mic.html
+++ b/reference/as.mic.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
AMR (for R)
- 2.1.1.9160
+ 2.1.1.9163
diff --git a/reference/as.mo.html b/reference/as.mo.html
index 91e5d4ec2..37eb79f03 100644
--- a/reference/as.mo.html
+++ b/reference/as.mo.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
AMR (for R)
- 2.1.1.9160
+ 2.1.1.9163
diff --git a/reference/as.sir.html b/reference/as.sir.html
index 031f1c1ea..0f03f8d9e 100644
--- a/reference/as.sir.html
+++ b/reference/as.sir.html
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ All breakpoints used for interpretation are available in our clinical_breakpoint
AMR (for R)
- 2.1.1.9160
+ 2.1.1.9163
@@ -461,69 +461,97 @@ A microorganism is categorised as "Resistant" when there is a high likelihood of
df_wide %>% mutate ( across ( where ( is.mic ) , as.sir ) )
df_wide %>% mutate_at ( vars ( amoxicillin : tobra ) , as.sir )
df_wide %>% mutate ( across ( amoxicillin : tobra , as.sir ) )
-
+
# approaches that all work with additional arguments:
df_long %>%
# given a certain data type, e.g. MIC values
mutate_if ( is.mic , as.sir ,
- mo = "bacteria" ,
- ab = "antibiotic" ,
- guideline = "CLSI" )
+ mo = "bacteria" ,
+ ab = "antibiotic" ,
+ guideline = "CLSI"
+ )
df_long %>%
- mutate ( across ( where ( is.mic ) ,
- function ( x ) as.sir ( x ,
- mo = "bacteria" ,
- ab = "antibiotic" ,
- guideline = "CLSI" ) ) )
+ mutate ( across (
+ where ( is.mic ) ,
+ function ( x ) {
+ as.sir ( x ,
+ mo = "bacteria" ,
+ ab = "antibiotic" ,
+ guideline = "CLSI"
+ )
+ }
+ ) )
df_wide %>%
# given certain columns, e.g. from 'cipro' to 'genta'
mutate_at ( vars ( cipro : genta ) , as.sir ,
- mo = "bacteria" ,
- guideline = "CLSI" )
+ mo = "bacteria" ,
+ guideline = "CLSI"
+ )
df_wide %>%
- mutate ( across ( cipro : genta ,
- function ( x ) as.sir ( x ,
- mo = "bacteria" ,
- guideline = "CLSI" ) ) )
-
+ mutate ( across (
+ cipro : genta ,
+ function ( x ) {
+ as.sir ( x ,
+ mo = "bacteria" ,
+ guideline = "CLSI"
+ )
+ }
+ ) )
+
# for veterinary breakpoints, add 'host':
df_long $ animal_species <- c ( "cats" , "dogs" , "horses" , "cattle" )
df_long %>%
# given a certain data type, e.g. MIC values
mutate_if ( is.mic , as.sir ,
- mo = "bacteria" ,
- ab = "antibiotic" ,
- host = "animal_species" ,
- guideline = "CLSI" )
+ mo = "bacteria" ,
+ ab = "antibiotic" ,
+ host = "animal_species" ,
+ guideline = "CLSI"
+ )
df_long %>%
- mutate ( across ( where ( is.mic ) ,
- function ( x ) as.sir ( x ,
- mo = "bacteria" ,
- ab = "antibiotic" ,
- host = "animal_species" ,
- guideline = "CLSI" ) ) )
+ mutate ( across (
+ where ( is.mic ) ,
+ function ( x ) {
+ as.sir ( x ,
+ mo = "bacteria" ,
+ ab = "antibiotic" ,
+ host = "animal_species" ,
+ guideline = "CLSI"
+ )
+ }
+ ) )
df_wide %>%
mutate_at ( vars ( cipro : genta ) , as.sir ,
- mo = "bacteria" ,
- ab = "antibiotic" ,
- host = "animal_species" ,
- guideline = "CLSI" )
+ mo = "bacteria" ,
+ ab = "antibiotic" ,
+ host = "animal_species" ,
+ guideline = "CLSI"
+ )
df_wide %>%
- mutate ( across ( cipro : genta ,
- function ( x ) as.sir ( x ,
- mo = "bacteria" ,
- host = "animal_species" ,
- guideline = "CLSI" ) ) )
-
+ mutate ( across (
+ cipro : genta ,
+ function ( x ) {
+ as.sir ( x ,
+ mo = "bacteria" ,
+ host = "animal_species" ,
+ guideline = "CLSI"
+ )
+ }
+ ) )
+
# to include information about urinary tract infections (UTI)
- data.frame ( mo = "E. coli" ,
- nitrofuratoin = c ( "<= 2" , 32 ) ,
- from_the_bladder = c ( TRUE , FALSE ) ) %>%
+ data.frame (
+ mo = "E. coli" ,
+ nitrofuratoin = c ( "<= 2" , 32 ) ,
+ from_the_bladder = c ( TRUE , FALSE )
+ ) %>%
as.sir ( uti = "from_the_bladder" )
- data.frame ( mo = "E. coli" ,
- nitrofuratoin = c ( "<= 2" , 32 ) ,
- specimen = c ( "urine" , "blood" ) ) %>%
+ data.frame (
+ mo = "E. coli" ,
+ nitrofuratoin = c ( "<= 2" , 32 ) ,
+ specimen = c ( "urine" , "blood" )
+ ) %>%
as.sir ( ) # automatically determines urine isolates
df_wide %>%
@@ -782,16 +810,16 @@ A microorganism is categorised as "Resistant" when there is a high likelihood of
#> # A tibble: 57 × 16
#> datetime index ab_given mo_given host_given ab mo
#> <dttm> <int> <chr> <chr> <chr> <ab> <mo>
-#> 1 2025-02-26 21:30:46 4 AMX B_STRPT… human AMX B_ STRPT_ PNMN
-#> 2 2025-02-26 21:30:53 4 genta Escheri… human GEN B_ [ORD]_ ENTRBCTR
-#> 3 2025-02-26 21:30:53 4 genta Escheri… human GEN B_ [ORD]_ ENTRBCTR
-#> 4 2025-02-26 21:30:54 4 genta Escheri… cattle GEN B_ ESCHR_ COLI
-#> 5 2025-02-26 21:30:54 4 genta Escheri… cattle GEN B_ ESCHR_ COLI
-#> 6 2025-02-26 21:30:46 3 AMX B_STRPT… human AMX B_ STRPT_ PNMN
-#> 7 2025-02-26 21:30:53 3 tobra Escheri… human TOB B_ [ORD]_ ENTRBCTR
-#> 8 2025-02-26 21:30:53 3 tobra Escheri… human TOB B_ [ORD]_ ENTRBCTR
-#> 9 2025-02-26 21:30:54 3 tobra Escheri… horses TOB B_ ESCHR_ COLI
-#> 10 2025-02-26 21:30:54 3 tobra Escheri… horses TOB B_ ESCHR_ COLI
+#> 1 2025-02-27 13:15:27 4 AMX B_STRPT… human AMX B_ STRPT_ PNMN
+#> 2 2025-02-27 13:15:34 4 genta Escheri… human GEN B_ [ORD]_ ENTRBCTR
+#> 3 2025-02-27 13:15:34 4 genta Escheri… human GEN B_ [ORD]_ ENTRBCTR
+#> 4 2025-02-27 13:15:35 4 genta Escheri… cattle GEN B_ ESCHR_ COLI
+#> 5 2025-02-27 13:15:35 4 genta Escheri… cattle GEN B_ ESCHR_ COLI
+#> 6 2025-02-27 13:15:27 3 AMX B_STRPT… human AMX B_ STRPT_ PNMN
+#> 7 2025-02-27 13:15:34 3 tobra Escheri… human TOB B_ [ORD]_ ENTRBCTR
+#> 8 2025-02-27 13:15:34 3 tobra Escheri… human TOB B_ [ORD]_ ENTRBCTR
+#> 9 2025-02-27 13:15:35 3 tobra Escheri… horses TOB B_ ESCHR_ COLI
+#> 10 2025-02-27 13:15:35 3 tobra Escheri… horses TOB B_ ESCHR_ COLI
#> # ℹ 47 more rows
#> # ℹ 9 more variables: host <chr>, method <chr>, input <chr>, outcome <sir>,
#> # notes <chr>, guideline <chr>, ref_table <chr>, uti <lgl>,
diff --git a/reference/atc_online.html b/reference/atc_online.html
index 912f1a2bd..29959df30 100644
--- a/reference/atc_online.html
+++ b/reference/atc_online.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
AMR (for R)
- 2.1.1.9160
+ 2.1.1.9163
diff --git a/reference/av_from_text.html b/reference/av_from_text.html
index 0800ab52c..037ec43f7 100644
--- a/reference/av_from_text.html
+++ b/reference/av_from_text.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
AMR (for R)
- 2.1.1.9160
+ 2.1.1.9163
diff --git a/reference/av_property.html b/reference/av_property.html
index e6cd0f7eb..9f839bd8c 100644
--- a/reference/av_property.html
+++ b/reference/av_property.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
AMR (for R)
- 2.1.1.9160
+ 2.1.1.9163
diff --git a/reference/availability.html b/reference/availability.html
index e2ca00098..6a73d76b3 100644
--- a/reference/availability.html
+++ b/reference/availability.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
AMR (for R)
- 2.1.1.9160
+ 2.1.1.9163
diff --git a/reference/bug_drug_combinations.html b/reference/bug_drug_combinations.html
index 958176ca6..a47209945 100644
--- a/reference/bug_drug_combinations.html
+++ b/reference/bug_drug_combinations.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
AMR (for R)
- 2.1.1.9160
+ 2.1.1.9163
diff --git a/reference/clinical_breakpoints.html b/reference/clinical_breakpoints.html
index 3ad6b7f8a..97965d7e1 100644
--- a/reference/clinical_breakpoints.html
+++ b/reference/clinical_breakpoints.html
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ Use as.sir() to transform MICs or disks measurements to SIR values."> AMR (for R)
- 2.1.1.9160
+ 2.1.1.9163
diff --git a/reference/count.html b/reference/count.html
index 7c7f4b5df..797c186f6 100644
--- a/reference/count.html
+++ b/reference/count.html
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ count_resistant() should be used to count resistant isolates, count_susceptible(
AMR (for R)
- 2.1.1.9160
+ 2.1.1.9163
diff --git a/reference/custom_eucast_rules.html b/reference/custom_eucast_rules.html
index b2da4d3d2..f49e0ea96 100644
--- a/reference/custom_eucast_rules.html
+++ b/reference/custom_eucast_rules.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
AMR (for R)
- 2.1.1.9160
+ 2.1.1.9163
diff --git a/reference/dosage.html b/reference/dosage.html
index a7a378420..b267e3613 100644
--- a/reference/dosage.html
+++ b/reference/dosage.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
AMR (for R)
- 2.1.1.9160
+ 2.1.1.9163
diff --git a/reference/eucast_rules.html b/reference/eucast_rules.html
index 5baeff379..98edc4b4f 100644
--- a/reference/eucast_rules.html
+++ b/reference/eucast_rules.html
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ To improve the interpretation of the antibiogram before EUCAST rules are applied
AMR (for R)
- 2.1.1.9160
+ 2.1.1.9163
diff --git a/reference/example_isolates.html b/reference/example_isolates.html
index 99b13512f..4e78169e1 100644
--- a/reference/example_isolates.html
+++ b/reference/example_isolates.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
AMR (for R)
- 2.1.1.9160
+ 2.1.1.9163
diff --git a/reference/example_isolates_unclean.html b/reference/example_isolates_unclean.html
index 97913b0bc..74f555889 100644
--- a/reference/example_isolates_unclean.html
+++ b/reference/example_isolates_unclean.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
AMR (for R)
- 2.1.1.9160
+ 2.1.1.9163
diff --git a/reference/export_ncbi_biosample.html b/reference/export_ncbi_biosample.html
index e3b840d60..17757f8da 100644
--- a/reference/export_ncbi_biosample.html
+++ b/reference/export_ncbi_biosample.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
AMR (for R)
- 2.1.1.9160
+ 2.1.1.9163
diff --git a/reference/first_isolate.html b/reference/first_isolate.html
index 309e70d62..4e806cc79 100644
--- a/reference/first_isolate.html
+++ b/reference/first_isolate.html
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
AMR (for R)
- 2.1.1.9160
+ 2.1.1.9163
diff --git a/reference/g.test.html b/reference/g.test.html
index 77327cc08..2478f98eb 100644
--- a/reference/g.test.html
+++ b/reference/g.test.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
AMR (for R)
- 2.1.1.9160
+ 2.1.1.9163
diff --git a/reference/get_episode.html b/reference/get_episode.html
index 3d1e59bcd..2d68a39c6 100644
--- a/reference/get_episode.html
+++ b/reference/get_episode.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
AMR (for R)
- 2.1.1.9160
+ 2.1.1.9163
diff --git a/reference/ggplot_pca.html b/reference/ggplot_pca.html
index 2863cd19c..d793d51e1 100644
--- a/reference/ggplot_pca.html
+++ b/reference/ggplot_pca.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
AMR (for R)
- 2.1.1.9160
+ 2.1.1.9163
diff --git a/reference/ggplot_sir.html b/reference/ggplot_sir.html
index 07c5a0a24..404901524 100644
--- a/reference/ggplot_sir.html
+++ b/reference/ggplot_sir.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
AMR (for R)
- 2.1.1.9160
+ 2.1.1.9163
@@ -236,8 +236,10 @@
) %>%
ggplot ( ) +
geom_col ( aes ( x = x , y = y , fill = z ) ) +
- scale_sir_colours ( aesthetics = "fill" ,
- Value4 = "S" , Value5 = "I" , Value6 = "R" )
+ scale_sir_colours (
+ aesthetics = "fill" ,
+ Value4 = "S" , Value5 = "I" , Value6 = "R"
+ )
}
if ( require ( "ggplot2" ) && require ( "dplyr" ) ) {
diff --git a/reference/guess_ab_col.html b/reference/guess_ab_col.html
index 50d714f9f..a1d6fff59 100644
--- a/reference/guess_ab_col.html
+++ b/reference/guess_ab_col.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
AMR (for R)
- 2.1.1.9160
+ 2.1.1.9163
diff --git a/reference/index.html b/reference/index.html
index 8505c2bb8..abe4fdfc5 100644
--- a/reference/index.html
+++ b/reference/index.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
AMR (for R)
- 2.1.1.9160
+ 2.1.1.9163
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@
Determine Bug-Drug Combinations
- amr_class()
amr_selector()
aminoglycosides()
aminopenicillins()
antifungals()
antimycobacterials()
betalactams()
betalactams_with_inhibitor()
carbapenems()
cephalosporins()
cephalosporins_1st()
cephalosporins_2nd()
cephalosporins_3rd()
cephalosporins_4th()
cephalosporins_5th()
fluoroquinolones()
glycopeptides()
isoxazolylpenicillins()
lincosamides()
lipoglycopeptides()
macrolides()
monobactams()
nitrofurans()
oxazolidinones()
penicillins()
phenicols()
polymyxins()
quinolones()
rifamycins()
streptogramins()
tetracyclines()
trimethoprims()
ureidopenicillins()
administrable_per_os()
administrable_iv()
not_intrinsic_resistant()
+ aminoglycosides()
aminopenicillins()
antifungals()
antimycobacterials()
betalactams()
betalactams_with_inhibitor()
carbapenems()
cephalosporins()
cephalosporins_1st()
cephalosporins_2nd()
cephalosporins_3rd()
cephalosporins_4th()
cephalosporins_5th()
fluoroquinolones()
glycopeptides()
isoxazolylpenicillins()
lincosamides()
lipoglycopeptides()
macrolides()
monobactams()
nitrofurans()
oxazolidinones()
penicillins()
phenicols()
polymyxins()
quinolones()
rifamycins()
streptogramins()
tetracyclines()
trimethoprims()
ureidopenicillins()
amr_class()
amr_selector()
administrable_per_os()
administrable_iv()
not_intrinsic_resistant()
Antimicrobial Selectors
diff --git a/reference/intrinsic_resistant.html b/reference/intrinsic_resistant.html
index 07c4741a7..beadd8a5d 100644
--- a/reference/intrinsic_resistant.html
+++ b/reference/intrinsic_resistant.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
AMR (for R)
- 2.1.1.9160
+ 2.1.1.9163
diff --git a/reference/italicise_taxonomy.html b/reference/italicise_taxonomy.html
index 3d2a1ebc0..51cadfc2e 100644
--- a/reference/italicise_taxonomy.html
+++ b/reference/italicise_taxonomy.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
AMR (for R)
- 2.1.1.9160
+ 2.1.1.9163
diff --git a/reference/join.html b/reference/join.html
index 66acf0bbb..5d8099e47 100644
--- a/reference/join.html
+++ b/reference/join.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
AMR (for R)
- 2.1.1.9160
+ 2.1.1.9163
diff --git a/reference/key_antimicrobials.html b/reference/key_antimicrobials.html
index d05de4d24..68f014992 100644
--- a/reference/key_antimicrobials.html
+++ b/reference/key_antimicrobials.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
AMR (for R)
- 2.1.1.9160
+ 2.1.1.9163
diff --git a/reference/kurtosis.html b/reference/kurtosis.html
index d898b7cf3..4de50d3fd 100644
--- a/reference/kurtosis.html
+++ b/reference/kurtosis.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
AMR (for R)
- 2.1.1.9160
+ 2.1.1.9163
diff --git a/reference/like.html b/reference/like.html
index 57e7d69e9..e807c0cbf 100644
--- a/reference/like.html
+++ b/reference/like.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
AMR (for R)
- 2.1.1.9160
+ 2.1.1.9163
diff --git a/reference/mdro.html b/reference/mdro.html
index 14c1e13be..408deb44f 100644
--- a/reference/mdro.html
+++ b/reference/mdro.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
AMR (for R)
- 2.1.1.9160
+ 2.1.1.9163
diff --git a/reference/mean_amr_distance.html b/reference/mean_amr_distance.html
index de17b6632..0753a79f3 100644
--- a/reference/mean_amr_distance.html
+++ b/reference/mean_amr_distance.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
AMR (for R)
- 2.1.1.9160
+ 2.1.1.9163
diff --git a/reference/microorganisms.codes.html b/reference/microorganisms.codes.html
index fdb8b0b31..94eca1f6f 100644
--- a/reference/microorganisms.codes.html
+++ b/reference/microorganisms.codes.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
AMR (for R)
- 2.1.1.9160
+ 2.1.1.9163
diff --git a/reference/microorganisms.groups.html b/reference/microorganisms.groups.html
index 4428f143d..be333c888 100644
--- a/reference/microorganisms.groups.html
+++ b/reference/microorganisms.groups.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
AMR (for R)
- 2.1.1.9160
+ 2.1.1.9163
diff --git a/reference/microorganisms.html b/reference/microorganisms.html
index b6bc361a3..5596e65d4 100644
--- a/reference/microorganisms.html
+++ b/reference/microorganisms.html
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ This data set is carefully crafted, yet made 100% reproducible from public and a
AMR (for R)
- 2.1.1.9160
+ 2.1.1.9163
diff --git a/reference/mo_matching_score.html b/reference/mo_matching_score.html
index e3b21079c..2f187ee60 100644
--- a/reference/mo_matching_score.html
+++ b/reference/mo_matching_score.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
AMR (for R)
- 2.1.1.9160
+ 2.1.1.9163
diff --git a/reference/mo_property.html b/reference/mo_property.html
index 49aa4be0e..a2cb785fc 100644
--- a/reference/mo_property.html
+++ b/reference/mo_property.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
AMR (for R)
- 2.1.1.9160
+ 2.1.1.9163
@@ -313,10 +313,12 @@
mo_is_yeast ( c ( "Candida" , "Trichophyton" , "Klebsiella" ) )
#> [1] TRUE FALSE FALSE
-mo_group_members ( c ( "Streptococcus group A" ,
- "Streptococcus group C" ,
- "Streptococcus group G" ,
- "Streptococcus group L" ) )
+mo_group_members ( c (
+ "Streptococcus group A" ,
+ "Streptococcus group C" ,
+ "Streptococcus group G" ,
+ "Streptococcus group L"
+) )
#> $`Streptococcus Group A`
#> [1] "Streptococcus pyogenes"
#>
diff --git a/reference/mo_source.html b/reference/mo_source.html
index c2ce98a92..9a47c7709 100644
--- a/reference/mo_source.html
+++ b/reference/mo_source.html
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ This is the fastest way to have your organisation (or analysis) specific codes p
AMR (for R)
- 2.1.1.9160
+ 2.1.1.9163
diff --git a/reference/pca.html b/reference/pca.html
index a1d53aa1f..89ed2e92c 100644
--- a/reference/pca.html
+++ b/reference/pca.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
AMR (for R)
- 2.1.1.9160
+ 2.1.1.9163
diff --git a/reference/plot.html b/reference/plot.html
index ae4f04108..c7e511481 100644
--- a/reference/plot.html
+++ b/reference/plot.html
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ Especially the scale_*_mic() functions are relevant wrappers to plot MIC values
AMR (for R)
- 2.1.1.9160
+ 2.1.1.9163
@@ -297,7 +297,6 @@ Especially the scale_*_mic() functions are relevant wrappers to plot MIC values
some_disk_values <- random_disk ( size = 100 , mo = "Escherichia coli" , ab = "cipro" )
some_sir_values <- random_sir ( 50 , prob_SIR = c ( 0.55 , 0.05 , 0.30 ) )
-
# \donttest{
# Plotting using ggplot2's autoplot() for MIC, disk, and SIR -----------
if ( require ( "ggplot2" ) ) {
@@ -311,18 +310,24 @@ Especially the scale_*_mic() functions are relevant wrappers to plot MIC values
if ( require ( "ggplot2" ) ) {
# support for 20 languages, various guidelines, and many options
- autoplot ( some_disk_values , mo = "Escherichia coli" , ab = "cipro" ,
- guideline = "CLSI 2024" , language = "no" ,
- title = "Disk diffusion from the North" )
+ autoplot ( some_disk_values ,
+ mo = "Escherichia coli" , ab = "cipro" ,
+ guideline = "CLSI 2024" , language = "no" ,
+ title = "Disk diffusion from the North"
+ )
}
# Plotting using scale_x_mic() -----------------------------------------
if ( require ( "ggplot2" ) ) {
- mic_plot <- ggplot ( data.frame ( mics = as.mic ( c ( 0.25 , "<=4" , 4 , 8 , 32 , ">=32" ) ) ,
- counts = c ( 1 , 1 , 2 , 2 , 3 , 3 ) ) ,
- aes ( mics , counts ) ) +
+ mic_plot <- ggplot (
+ data.frame (
+ mics = as.mic ( c ( 0.25 , "<=4" , 4 , 8 , 32 , ">=32" ) ) ,
+ counts = c ( 1 , 1 , 2 , 2 , 3 , 3 )
+ ) ,
+ aes ( mics , counts )
+ ) +
geom_col ( )
mic_plot +
labs ( title = "without scale_x_mic()" )
@@ -358,18 +363,26 @@ Especially the scale_*_mic() functions are relevant wrappers to plot MIC values
some_groups <- sample ( LETTERS [ 1 : 5 ] , 20 , replace = TRUE )
if ( require ( "ggplot2" ) ) {
- ggplot ( data.frame ( mic = some_mic_values ,
- group = some_groups ) ,
- aes ( group , mic ) ) +
+ ggplot (
+ data.frame (
+ mic = some_mic_values ,
+ group = some_groups
+ ) ,
+ aes ( group , mic )
+ ) +
geom_boxplot ( ) +
geom_violin ( linetype = 2 , colour = "grey" , fill = NA ) +
scale_y_mic ( )
}
if ( require ( "ggplot2" ) ) {
- ggplot ( data.frame ( mic = some_mic_values ,
- group = some_groups ) ,
- aes ( group , mic ) ) +
+ ggplot (
+ data.frame (
+ mic = some_mic_values ,
+ group = some_groups
+ ) ,
+ aes ( group , mic )
+ ) +
geom_boxplot ( ) +
geom_violin ( linetype = 2 , colour = "grey" , fill = NA ) +
scale_y_mic ( mic_range = c ( NA , 0.25 ) )
@@ -379,9 +392,13 @@ Especially the scale_*_mic() functions are relevant wrappers to plot MIC values
# Plotting using scale_x_sir() -----------------------------------------
if ( require ( "ggplot2" ) ) {
- ggplot ( data.frame ( x = c ( "I" , "R" , "S" ) ,
- y = c ( 45 ,323 , 573 ) ) ,
- aes ( x , y ) ) +
+ ggplot (
+ data.frame (
+ x = c ( "I" , "R" , "S" ) ,
+ y = c ( 45 , 323 , 573 )
+ ) ,
+ aes ( x , y )
+ ) +
geom_col ( ) +
scale_x_sir ( )
}
@@ -390,16 +407,21 @@ Especially the scale_*_mic() functions are relevant wrappers to plot MIC values
# Plotting using scale_y_mic() and scale_colour_sir() ------------------
if ( require ( "ggplot2" ) ) {
- plain <- ggplot ( data.frame ( mic = some_mic_values ,
- group = some_groups ,
- sir = as.sir ( some_mic_values ,
- mo = "E. coli" ,
- ab = "cipro" ) ) ,
- aes ( x = group , y = mic , colour = sir ) ) +
+ plain <- ggplot (
+ data.frame (
+ mic = some_mic_values ,
+ group = some_groups ,
+ sir = as.sir ( some_mic_values ,
+ mo = "E. coli" ,
+ ab = "cipro"
+ )
+ ) ,
+ aes ( x = group , y = mic , colour = sir )
+ ) +
theme_minimal ( ) +
geom_boxplot ( fill = NA , colour = "grey" ) +
geom_jitter ( width = 0.25 )
-
+
plain
}
#>
@@ -420,8 +442,10 @@ Especially the scale_*_mic() functions are relevant wrappers to plot MIC values
if ( require ( "ggplot2" ) ) {
plain +
scale_y_mic ( mic_range = c ( 0.005 , 32 ) , name = "Our MICs!" ) +
- scale_colour_sir ( language = "pt" ,
- name = "Support in 20 languages" )
+ scale_colour_sir (
+ language = "pt" ,
+ name = "Support in 20 languages"
+ )
}
# }
diff --git a/reference/proportion.html b/reference/proportion.html
index 1b009b991..188db5bde 100644
--- a/reference/proportion.html
+++ b/reference/proportion.html
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ resistance() should be used to calculate resistance, susceptibility() should be
AMR (for R)
- 2.1.1.9160
+ 2.1.1.9163
diff --git a/reference/random.html b/reference/random.html
index 24ed3e7d3..e42855734 100644
--- a/reference/random.html
+++ b/reference/random.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
AMR (for R)
- 2.1.1.9160
+ 2.1.1.9163
diff --git a/reference/resistance_predict.html b/reference/resistance_predict.html
index c190f9ac9..6bae8b226 100644
--- a/reference/resistance_predict.html
+++ b/reference/resistance_predict.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
AMR (for R)
- 2.1.1.9160
+ 2.1.1.9163
diff --git a/reference/skewness.html b/reference/skewness.html
index 9c1a7ed85..d877f27ec 100644
--- a/reference/skewness.html
+++ b/reference/skewness.html
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ When negative ('left-skewed'): the left tail is longer; the mass of the distribu
AMR (for R)
- 2.1.1.9160
+ 2.1.1.9163
diff --git a/reference/top_n_microorganisms.html b/reference/top_n_microorganisms.html
index 3cbd9cf8e..dd5b938a8 100644
--- a/reference/top_n_microorganisms.html
+++ b/reference/top_n_microorganisms.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
AMR (for R)
- 2.1.1.9160
+ 2.1.1.9163
@@ -99,7 +99,8 @@
Examples
# filter to the top 3 species:
top_n_microorganisms ( example_isolates ,
- n = 3 )
+ n = 3
+)
#> # A tibble: 1,015 × 46
#> date patient age gender ward mo PEN OXA FLC AMX
#> <date> <chr> <dbl> <chr> <chr> <mo> <sir> <sir> <sir> <sir>
@@ -123,7 +124,8 @@
# filter to any species in the top 5 genera:
top_n_microorganisms ( example_isolates ,
- n = 5 , property = "genus" )
+ n = 5 , property = "genus"
+)
#> # A tibble: 1,742 × 46
#> date patient age gender ward mo PEN OXA FLC AMX
#> <date> <chr> <dbl> <chr> <chr> <mo> <sir> <sir> <sir> <sir>
@@ -147,7 +149,8 @@
# filter to the top 3 species in each of the top 5 genera:
top_n_microorganisms ( example_isolates ,
- n = 5 , property = "genus" , n_for_each = 3 )
+ n = 5 , property = "genus" , n_for_each = 3
+)
#> # A tibble: 1,497 × 46
#> date patient age gender ward mo PEN OXA FLC AMX
#> <date> <chr> <dbl> <chr> <chr> <mo> <sir> <sir> <sir> <sir>
diff --git a/reference/translate.html b/reference/translate.html
index 1ea1a03a1..e7a0626ed 100644
--- a/reference/translate.html
+++ b/reference/translate.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
AMR (for R)
- 2.1.1.9160
+ 2.1.1.9163
diff --git a/search.json b/search.json
index a48bf3f3f..bd7127c09 100644
--- a/search.json
+++ b/search.json
@@ -1 +1 @@
-[{"path":"https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/AMR.html","id":"introduction","dir":"Articles","previous_headings":"","what":"Introduction","title":"How to conduct AMR data analysis","text":"Conducting AMR data analysis unfortunately requires -depth knowledge different scientific fields, makes hard right. least, requires: Good questions (always start !) reliable data thorough understanding (clinical) epidemiology, understand clinical epidemiological relevance possible bias results thorough understanding (clinical) microbiology/infectious diseases, understand microorganisms causal infections implications pharmaceutical treatment, well understanding intrinsic acquired microbial resistance Experience data analysis microbiological tests results, understand determination limitations MIC values interpretations SIR values Availability biological taxonomy microorganisms probably normalisation factors pharmaceuticals, defined daily doses (DDD) Available (inter-)national guidelines, profound methods apply course, instantly provide knowledge experience. AMR package, aimed providing (1) tools simplify antimicrobial resistance data cleaning, transformation analysis, (2) methods easily incorporate international guidelines (3) scientifically reliable reference data, including requirements mentioned . AMR package enables standardised reproducible AMR data analysis, application evidence-based rules, determination first isolates, translation various codes microorganisms antimicrobial agents, determination (multi-drug) resistant microorganisms, calculation antimicrobial resistance, prevalence future trends.","code":""},{"path":"https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/AMR.html","id":"preparation","dir":"Articles","previous_headings":"","what":"Preparation","title":"How to conduct AMR data analysis","text":"tutorial, create fake demonstration data work . can skip Cleaning data already data ready. start analysis, try make structure data generally look like :","code":""},{"path":"https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/AMR.html","id":"needed-r-packages","dir":"Articles","previous_headings":"Preparation","what":"Needed R packages","title":"How to conduct AMR data analysis","text":"many uses R, need additional packages AMR data analysis. package works closely together tidyverse packages dplyr ggplot2 RStudio. tidyverse tremendously improves way conduct data science - allows natural way writing syntaxes creating beautiful plots R. also use cleaner package, can used cleaning data creating frequency tables. AMR package contains data set example_isolates_unclean, might look data users extracted laboratory systems: AMR data analysis, like microorganism column contain valid, --date taxonomy, antibiotic columns cleaned SIR values well.","code":"library(dplyr) library(ggplot2) library(AMR) # (if not yet installed, install with:) # install.packages(c(\"dplyr\", \"ggplot2\", \"AMR\")) example_isolates_unclean #> # A tibble: 3,000 × 8 #> patient_id hospital date bacteria AMX AMC CIP GEN #> #> 1 J3 A 2012-11-21 E. coli R I S S #> 2 R7 A 2018-04-03 K. pneumoniae R I S S #> 3 P3 A 2014-09-19 E. coli R S S S #> 4 P10 A 2015-12-10 E. coli S I S S #> 5 B7 A 2015-03-02 E. coli S S S S #> 6 W3 A 2018-03-31 S. aureus R S R S #> 7 J8 A 2016-06-14 E. coli R S S S #> 8 M3 A 2015-10-25 E. coli R S S S #> 9 J3 A 2019-06-19 E. coli S S S S #> 10 G6 A 2015-04-27 S. aureus S S S S #> # ℹ 2,990 more rows # we will use 'our_data' as the data set name for this tutorial our_data <- example_isolates_unclean"},{"path":"https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/AMR.html","id":"taxonomy-of-microorganisms","dir":"Articles","previous_headings":"Preparation","what":"Taxonomy of microorganisms","title":"How to conduct AMR data analysis","text":".mo(), users can transform arbitrary microorganism names codes current taxonomy. AMR package contains --date taxonomic data. specific, currently included data retrieved 24 Jun 2024. codes AMR packages come .mo() short, still human readable. importantly, .mo() supports kinds input: first character codes denote taxonomic kingdom, Bacteria (B), Fungi (F), Protozoa (P). AMR package also contain functions directly retrieve taxonomic properties, name, genus, species, family, order, even Gram-stain. start mo_ use .mo() internally, still arbitrary user input can used: Now can thus clean data: Apparently, uncertainty translation taxonomic codes. Let’s check : ’s good.","code":"as.mo(\"Klebsiella pneumoniae\") #> Class 'mo' #> [1] B_KLBSL_PNMN as.mo(\"K. pneumoniae\") #> Class 'mo' #> [1] B_KLBSL_PNMN as.mo(\"KLEPNE\") #> Class 'mo' #> [1] B_KLBSL_PNMN as.mo(\"KLPN\") #> Class 'mo' #> [1] B_KLBSL_PNMN mo_family(\"K. pneumoniae\") #> [1] \"Enterobacteriaceae\" mo_genus(\"K. pneumoniae\") #> [1] \"Klebsiella\" mo_species(\"K. pneumoniae\") #> [1] \"pneumoniae\" mo_gramstain(\"Klebsiella pneumoniae\") #> [1] \"Gram-negative\" mo_ref(\"K. pneumoniae\") #> [1] \"Trevisan, 1887\" mo_snomed(\"K. pneumoniae\") #> [[1]] #> [1] \"1098101000112102\" \"446870005\" \"1098201000112108\" \"409801009\" #> [5] \"56415008\" \"714315002\" \"713926009\" our_data$bacteria <- as.mo(our_data$bacteria, info = TRUE) #> ℹ Microorganism translation was uncertain for four microorganisms. Run #> mo_uncertainties() to review these uncertainties, or use #> add_custom_microorganisms() to add custom entries. mo_uncertainties() #> Matching scores are based on the resemblance between the input and the full #> taxonomic name, and the pathogenicity in humans. See ?mo_matching_score. #> Colour keys: 0.000-0.549 0.550-0.649 0.650-0.749 0.750-1.000 #> #> -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #> \"E. coli\" -> Escherichia coli (B_ESCHR_COLI, 0.688) #> Also matched: Enterococcus crotali (0.650), Escherichia coli coli #> (0.643), Escherichia coli expressing (0.611), Enterobacter cowanii #> (0.600), Enterococcus columbae (0.595), Enterococcus camelliae (0.591), #> Enterococcus casseliflavus (0.577), Enterobacter cloacae cloacae #> (0.571), Enterobacter cloacae complex (0.571), and Enterobacter cloacae #> dissolvens (0.565) #> -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #> \"K. pneumoniae\" -> Klebsiella pneumoniae (B_KLBSL_PNMN, 0.786) #> Also matched: Klebsiella pneumoniae ozaenae (0.707), Klebsiella #> pneumoniae pneumoniae (0.688), Klebsiella pneumoniae rhinoscleromatis #> (0.658), Klebsiella pasteurii (0.500), Klebsiella planticola (0.500), #> Kingella potus (0.400), Kluyveromyces pseudotropicale (0.386), #> Kluyveromyces pseudotropicalis (0.363), Kosakonia pseudosacchari #> (0.361), and Kluyveromyces pseudotropicalis pseudotropicalis (0.361) #> -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #> \"S. aureus\" -> Staphylococcus aureus (B_STPHY_AURS, 0.690) #> Also matched: Staphylococcus aureus aureus (0.643), Staphylococcus #> argenteus (0.625), Staphylococcus aureus anaerobius (0.625), #> Staphylococcus auricularis (0.615), Salmonella Aurelianis (0.595), #> Salmonella Aarhus (0.588), Salmonella Amounderness (0.587), #> Staphylococcus argensis (0.587), Streptococcus australis (0.587), and #> Salmonella choleraesuis arizonae (0.562) #> -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #> \"S. pneumoniae\" -> Streptococcus pneumoniae (B_STRPT_PNMN, 0.750) #> Also matched: Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae (0.700), Streptococcus #> phocae salmonis (0.552), Serratia proteamaculans quinovora (0.545), #> Streptococcus pseudoporcinus (0.536), Staphylococcus piscifermentans #> (0.533), Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (0.532), Serratia #> proteamaculans proteamaculans (0.526), Streptococcus gallolyticus #> pasteurianus (0.526), Salmonella Portanigra (0.524), and Streptococcus #> periodonticum (0.519) #> #> Only the first 10 other matches of each record are shown. Run #> print(mo_uncertainties(), n = ...) to view more entries, or save #> mo_uncertainties() to an object."},{"path":"https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/AMR.html","id":"antibiotic-results","dir":"Articles","previous_headings":"Preparation","what":"Antibiotic results","title":"How to conduct AMR data analysis","text":"column antibiotic test results must also cleaned. AMR package comes three new data types work test results: mic minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC), disk disk diffusion diameters, sir SIR data interpreted already. package can also determine SIR values based MIC disk diffusion values, read .sir() page. now, just clean SIR columns data using dplyr: basically cleaning, time start data inclusion.","code":"# method 1, be explicit about the columns: our_data <- our_data %>% mutate_at(vars(AMX:GEN), as.sir) # method 2, let the AMR package determine the eligible columns our_data <- our_data %>% mutate_if(is_sir_eligible, as.sir) # result: our_data #> # A tibble: 3,000 × 8 #> patient_id hospital date bacteria AMX AMC CIP GEN #> #> 1 J3 A 2012-11-21 B_ESCHR_COLI R I S S #> 2 R7 A 2018-04-03 B_KLBSL_PNMN R I S S #> 3 P3 A 2014-09-19 B_ESCHR_COLI R S S S #> 4 P10 A 2015-12-10 B_ESCHR_COLI S I S S #> 5 B7 A 2015-03-02 B_ESCHR_COLI S S S S #> 6 W3 A 2018-03-31 B_STPHY_AURS R S R S #> 7 J8 A 2016-06-14 B_ESCHR_COLI R S S S #> 8 M3 A 2015-10-25 B_ESCHR_COLI R S S S #> 9 J3 A 2019-06-19 B_ESCHR_COLI S S S S #> 10 G6 A 2015-04-27 B_STPHY_AURS S S S S #> # ℹ 2,990 more rows"},{"path":"https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/AMR.html","id":"first-isolates","dir":"Articles","previous_headings":"Preparation","what":"First isolates","title":"How to conduct AMR data analysis","text":"need know isolates can actually use analysis without repetition bias. conduct analysis antimicrobial resistance, must include first isolate every patient per episode (Hindler et al., Clin Infect Dis. 2007). , easily get overestimate underestimate resistance antibiotic. Imagine patient admitted MRSA found 5 different blood cultures following weeks (yes, countries like Netherlands blood drawing policies). resistance percentage oxacillin isolates overestimated, included MRSA . clearly selection bias. Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) appoints follows: (…) preparing cumulative antibiogram guide clinical decisions empirical antimicrobial therapy initial infections, first isolate given species per patient, per analysis period (eg, one year) included, irrespective body site, antimicrobial susceptibility profile, phenotypical characteristics (eg, biotype). first isolate easily identified, cumulative antimicrobial susceptibility test data prepared using first isolate generally comparable cumulative antimicrobial susceptibility test data calculated methods, providing duplicate isolates excluded. M39-A4 Analysis Presentation Cumulative Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test Data, 4th Edition. CLSI, 2014. Chapter 6.4 AMR package includes methodology first_isolate() function able apply four different methods defined Hindler et al. 2007: phenotype-based, episode-based, patient-based, isolate-based. right method depends goals analysis, default phenotype-based method case method properly correct duplicate isolates. Read methods first_isolate() page. outcome function can easily added data: 91% suitable resistance analysis! can now filter filter() function, also dplyr package: future use, two syntaxes can shortened: end 2 724 isolates analysis. Now data looks like: Time analysis.","code":"our_data <- our_data %>% mutate(first = first_isolate(info = TRUE)) #> ℹ Determining first isolates using an episode length of 365 days #> ℹ Using column 'bacteria' as input for col_mo. #> ℹ Using column 'date' as input for col_date. #> ℹ Using column 'patient_id' as input for col_patient_id. #> ℹ Basing inclusion on all antimicrobial results, using a points threshold #> of 2 #> => Found 2,724 'phenotype-based' first isolates (90.8% of total where a #> microbial ID was available) our_data_1st <- our_data %>% filter(first == TRUE) our_data_1st <- our_data %>% filter_first_isolate() our_data_1st #> # A tibble: 2,724 × 9 #> patient_id hospital date bacteria AMX AMC CIP GEN first #> #> 1 J3 A 2012-11-21 B_ESCHR_COLI R I S S TRUE #> 2 R7 A 2018-04-03 B_KLBSL_PNMN R I S S TRUE #> 3 P3 A 2014-09-19 B_ESCHR_COLI R S S S TRUE #> 4 P10 A 2015-12-10 B_ESCHR_COLI S I S S TRUE #> 5 B7 A 2015-03-02 B_ESCHR_COLI S S S S TRUE #> 6 W3 A 2018-03-31 B_STPHY_AURS R S R S TRUE #> 7 M3 A 2015-10-25 B_ESCHR_COLI R S S S TRUE #> 8 J3 A 2019-06-19 B_ESCHR_COLI S S S S TRUE #> 9 G6 A 2015-04-27 B_STPHY_AURS S S S S TRUE #> 10 P4 A 2011-06-21 B_ESCHR_COLI S S S S TRUE #> # ℹ 2,714 more rows"},{"path":"https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/AMR.html","id":"analysing-the-data","dir":"Articles","previous_headings":"","what":"Analysing the data","title":"How to conduct AMR data analysis","text":"base R summary() function gives good first impression, comes support new mo sir classes now data set:","code":"summary(our_data_1st) #> patient_id hospital date #> Length:2724 Length:2724 Min. :2011-01-01 #> Class :character Class :character 1st Qu.:2013-04-07 #> Mode :character Mode :character Median :2015-06-03 #> Mean :2015-06-09 #> 3rd Qu.:2017-08-11 #> Max. :2019-12-27 #> bacteria AMX AMC #> Class :mo Class:sir Class:sir #> :0 %S :41.6% (n=1133) %S :52.6% (n=1432) #> Unique:4 %SDD : 0.0% (n=0) %SDD : 0.0% (n=0) #> #1 :B_ESCHR_COLI %I :16.4% (n=446) %I :12.2% (n=333) #> #2 :B_STPHY_AURS %R :42.0% (n=1145) %R :35.2% (n=959) #> #3 :B_STRPT_PNMN %NI : 0.0% (n=0) %NI : 0.0% (n=0) #> CIP GEN first #> Class:sir Class:sir Mode:logical #> %S :52.5% (n=1431) %S :61.0% (n=1661) TRUE:2724 #> %SDD : 0.0% (n=0) %SDD : 0.0% (n=0) #> %I : 6.5% (n=176) %I : 3.0% (n=82) #> %R :41.0% (n=1117) %R :36.0% (n=981) #> %NI : 0.0% (n=0) %NI : 0.0% (n=0) glimpse(our_data_1st) #> Rows: 2,724 #> Columns: 9 #> $ patient_id \"J3\", \"R7\", \"P3\", \"P10\", \"B7\", \"W3\", \"M3\", \"J3\", \"G6\", \"P4\"… #> $ hospital \"A\", \"A\", \"A\", \"A\", \"A\", \"A\", \"A\", \"A\", \"A\", \"A\", \"A\", \"A\",… #> $ date 2012-11-21, 2018-04-03, 2014-09-19, 2015-12-10, 2015-03-02… #> $ bacteria \"B_ESCHR_COLI\", \"B_KLBSL_PNMN\", \"B_ESCHR_COLI\", \"B_ESCHR_COL… #> $ AMX R, R, R, S, S, R, R, S, S, S, S, R, S, S, R, R, R, R, S, R,… #> $ AMC I, I, S, I, S, S, S, S, S, S, S, S, S, S, S, S, S, R, S, S,… #> $ CIP S, S, S, S, S, R, S, S, S, S, S, S, S, S, S, S, S, S, S, S,… #> $ GEN S, S, S, S, S, S, S, S, S, S, S, R, S, S, S, S, S, S, S, S,… #> $ first TRUE, TRUE, TRUE, TRUE, TRUE, TRUE, TRUE, TRUE, TRUE, TRUE,… # number of unique values per column: sapply(our_data_1st, n_distinct) #> patient_id hospital date bacteria AMX AMC CIP #> 260 3 1854 4 3 3 3 #> GEN first #> 3 1"},{"path":"https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/AMR.html","id":"availability-of-species","dir":"Articles","previous_headings":"Analysing the data","what":"Availability of species","title":"How to conduct AMR data analysis","text":"just get idea species distributed, create frequency table count() based name microorganisms:","code":"our_data %>% count(mo_name(bacteria), sort = TRUE) #> # A tibble: 4 × 2 #> `mo_name(bacteria)` n #> #> 1 Escherichia coli 1518 #> 2 Staphylococcus aureus 730 #> 3 Streptococcus pneumoniae 426 #> 4 Klebsiella pneumoniae 326 our_data_1st %>% count(mo_name(bacteria), sort = TRUE) #> # A tibble: 4 × 2 #> `mo_name(bacteria)` n #> #> 1 Escherichia coli 1321 #> 2 Staphylococcus aureus 682 #> 3 Streptococcus pneumoniae 402 #> 4 Klebsiella pneumoniae 319"},{"path":"https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/AMR.html","id":"select-and-filter-with-antibiotic-selectors","dir":"Articles","previous_headings":"Analysing the data","what":"Select and filter with antibiotic selectors","title":"How to conduct AMR data analysis","text":"Using -called antibiotic class selectors, can select filter columns based antibiotic class antibiotic results :","code":"our_data_1st %>% select(date, aminoglycosides()) #> ℹ For aminoglycosides() using column 'GEN' (gentamicin) #> # A tibble: 2,724 × 2 #> date GEN #> #> 1 2012-11-21 S #> 2 2018-04-03 S #> 3 2014-09-19 S #> 4 2015-12-10 S #> 5 2015-03-02 S #> 6 2018-03-31 S #> 7 2015-10-25 S #> 8 2019-06-19 S #> 9 2015-04-27 S #> 10 2011-06-21 S #> # ℹ 2,714 more rows our_data_1st %>% select(bacteria, betalactams()) #> ℹ For betalactams() using columns 'AMX' (amoxicillin) and 'AMC' #> (amoxicillin/clavulanic acid) #> # A tibble: 2,724 × 3 #> bacteria AMX AMC #> #> 1 B_ESCHR_COLI R I #> 2 B_KLBSL_PNMN R I #> 3 B_ESCHR_COLI R S #> 4 B_ESCHR_COLI S I #> 5 B_ESCHR_COLI S S #> 6 B_STPHY_AURS R S #> 7 B_ESCHR_COLI R S #> 8 B_ESCHR_COLI S S #> 9 B_STPHY_AURS S S #> 10 B_ESCHR_COLI S S #> # ℹ 2,714 more rows our_data_1st %>% select(bacteria, where(is.sir)) #> # A tibble: 2,724 × 5 #> bacteria AMX AMC CIP GEN #> #> 1 B_ESCHR_COLI R I S S #> 2 B_KLBSL_PNMN R I S S #> 3 B_ESCHR_COLI R S S S #> 4 B_ESCHR_COLI S I S S #> 5 B_ESCHR_COLI S S S S #> 6 B_STPHY_AURS R S R S #> 7 B_ESCHR_COLI R S S S #> 8 B_ESCHR_COLI S S S S #> 9 B_STPHY_AURS S S S S #> 10 B_ESCHR_COLI S S S S #> # ℹ 2,714 more rows # filtering using AB selectors is also possible: our_data_1st %>% filter(any(aminoglycosides() == \"R\")) #> ℹ For aminoglycosides() using column 'GEN' (gentamicin) #> # A tibble: 981 × 9 #> patient_id hospital date bacteria AMX AMC CIP GEN first #> #> 1 J5 A 2017-12-25 B_STRPT_PNMN R S S R TRUE #> 2 X1 A 2017-07-04 B_STPHY_AURS R S S R TRUE #> 3 B3 A 2016-07-24 B_ESCHR_COLI S S S R TRUE #> 4 V7 A 2012-04-03 B_ESCHR_COLI S S S R TRUE #> 5 C9 A 2017-03-23 B_ESCHR_COLI S S S R TRUE #> 6 R1 A 2018-06-10 B_STPHY_AURS S S S R TRUE #> 7 S2 A 2013-07-19 B_STRPT_PNMN S S S R TRUE #> 8 P5 A 2019-03-09 B_STPHY_AURS S S S R TRUE #> 9 Q8 A 2019-08-10 B_STPHY_AURS S S S R TRUE #> 10 K5 A 2013-03-15 B_STRPT_PNMN S S S R TRUE #> # ℹ 971 more rows our_data_1st %>% filter(all(betalactams() == \"R\")) #> ℹ For betalactams() using columns 'AMX' (amoxicillin) and 'AMC' #> (amoxicillin/clavulanic acid) #> # A tibble: 462 × 9 #> patient_id hospital date bacteria AMX AMC CIP GEN first #> #> 1 M7 A 2013-07-22 B_STRPT_PNMN R R S S TRUE #> 2 R10 A 2013-12-20 B_STPHY_AURS R R S S TRUE #> 3 R7 A 2015-10-25 B_STPHY_AURS R R S S TRUE #> 4 R8 A 2019-10-25 B_STPHY_AURS R R S S TRUE #> 5 B6 A 2016-11-20 B_ESCHR_COLI R R R R TRUE #> 6 I7 A 2015-08-19 B_ESCHR_COLI R R S S TRUE #> 7 N3 A 2014-12-29 B_STRPT_PNMN R R R S TRUE #> 8 Q2 A 2019-09-22 B_ESCHR_COLI R R S S TRUE #> 9 X7 A 2011-03-20 B_ESCHR_COLI R R S R TRUE #> 10 V1 A 2018-08-07 B_STPHY_AURS R R S S TRUE #> # ℹ 452 more rows # even works in base R (since R 3.0): our_data_1st[all(betalactams() == \"R\"), ] #> ℹ For betalactams() using columns 'AMX' (amoxicillin) and 'AMC' #> (amoxicillin/clavulanic acid) #> # A tibble: 462 × 9 #> patient_id hospital date bacteria AMX AMC CIP GEN first #> #> 1 M7 A 2013-07-22 B_STRPT_PNMN R R S S TRUE #> 2 R10 A 2013-12-20 B_STPHY_AURS R R S S TRUE #> 3 R7 A 2015-10-25 B_STPHY_AURS R R S S TRUE #> 4 R8 A 2019-10-25 B_STPHY_AURS R R S S TRUE #> 5 B6 A 2016-11-20 B_ESCHR_COLI R R R R TRUE #> 6 I7 A 2015-08-19 B_ESCHR_COLI R R S S TRUE #> 7 N3 A 2014-12-29 B_STRPT_PNMN R R R S TRUE #> 8 Q2 A 2019-09-22 B_ESCHR_COLI R R S S TRUE #> 9 X7 A 2011-03-20 B_ESCHR_COLI R R S R TRUE #> 10 V1 A 2018-08-07 B_STPHY_AURS R R S S TRUE #> # ℹ 452 more rows"},{"path":"https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/AMR.html","id":"generate-antibiograms","dir":"Articles","previous_headings":"Analysing the data","what":"Generate antibiograms","title":"How to conduct AMR data analysis","text":"Since AMR v2.0 (March 2023), easy create different types antibiograms, support 20 different languages. four antibiogram types, proposed Klinker et al. (2021, DOI 10.1177/20499361211011373), supported new antibiogram() function: Traditional Antibiogram (TA) e.g, susceptibility Pseudomonas aeruginosa piperacillin/tazobactam (TZP) Combination Antibiogram (CA) e.g, sdditional susceptibility Pseudomonas aeruginosa TZP + tobramycin versus TZP alone Syndromic Antibiogram (SA) e.g, susceptibility Pseudomonas aeruginosa TZP among respiratory specimens (obtained among ICU patients ) Weighted-Incidence Syndromic Combination Antibiogram (WISCA) e.g, susceptibility Pseudomonas aeruginosa TZP among respiratory specimens (obtained among ICU patients ) male patients age >=65 years heart failure section, show use antibiogram() function create antibiogram types. starters, included example_isolates data set looks like:","code":"example_isolates #> # A tibble: 2,000 × 46 #> date patient age gender ward mo PEN OXA FLC AMX #> #> 1 2002-01-02 A77334 65 F Clinical B_ESCHR_COLI R NA NA NA #> 2 2002-01-03 A77334 65 F Clinical B_ESCHR_COLI R NA NA NA #> 3 2002-01-07 067927 45 F ICU B_STPHY_EPDR R NA R NA #> 4 2002-01-07 067927 45 F ICU B_STPHY_EPDR R NA R NA #> 5 2002-01-13 067927 45 F ICU B_STPHY_EPDR R NA R NA #> 6 2002-01-13 067927 45 F ICU B_STPHY_EPDR R NA R NA #> 7 2002-01-14 462729 78 M Clinical B_STPHY_AURS R NA S R #> 8 2002-01-14 462729 78 M Clinical B_STPHY_AURS R NA S R #> 9 2002-01-16 067927 45 F ICU B_STPHY_EPDR R NA R NA #> 10 2002-01-17 858515 79 F ICU B_STPHY_EPDR R NA S NA #> # ℹ 1,990 more rows #> # ℹ 36 more variables: AMC , AMP , TZP , CZO , FEP , #> # CXM , FOX , CTX , CAZ , CRO , GEN , #> # TOB , AMK , KAN , TMP , SXT , NIT , #> # FOS , LNZ , CIP , MFX , VAN , TEC , #> # TCY , TGC , DOX , ERY , CLI , AZM , #> # IPM , MEM , MTR , CHL , COL , MUP , …"},{"path":"https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/AMR.html","id":"traditional-antibiogram","dir":"Articles","previous_headings":"Analysing the data > Generate antibiograms","what":"Traditional Antibiogram","title":"How to conduct AMR data analysis","text":"create traditional antibiogram, simply state antibiotics used. antibiotics argument antibiogram() function supports (combination) previously mentioned antibiotic class selectors: Notice antibiogram() function automatically prints right format using Quarto R Markdown (page), even applies italics taxonomic names (using italicise_taxonomy() internally). also uses language OS either English, Chinese, Czech, Danish, Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Italian, Japanese, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish, Ukrainian. next example, force language Spanish using language argument:","code":"antibiogram(example_isolates, antibiotics = c(aminoglycosides(), carbapenems())) #> ℹ For aminoglycosides() using columns 'GEN' (gentamicin), 'TOB' #> (tobramycin), 'AMK' (amikacin), and 'KAN' (kanamycin) #> ℹ For carbapenems() using columns 'IPM' (imipenem) and 'MEM' (meropenem) antibiogram(example_isolates, mo_transform = \"gramstain\", antibiotics = aminoglycosides(), ab_transform = \"name\", language = \"es\") #> ℹ For aminoglycosides() using columns 'GEN' (gentamicin), 'TOB' #> (tobramycin), 'AMK' (amikacin), and 'KAN' (kanamycin)"},{"path":"https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/AMR.html","id":"combined-antibiogram","dir":"Articles","previous_headings":"Analysing the data > Generate antibiograms","what":"Combined Antibiogram","title":"How to conduct AMR data analysis","text":"create combined antibiogram, use antibiotic codes names plus + character like :","code":"combined_ab <- antibiogram(example_isolates, antibiotics = c(\"TZP\", \"TZP+TOB\", \"TZP+GEN\"), ab_transform = NULL) combined_ab"},{"path":"https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/AMR.html","id":"syndromic-antibiogram","dir":"Articles","previous_headings":"Analysing the data > Generate antibiograms","what":"Syndromic Antibiogram","title":"How to conduct AMR data analysis","text":"create syndromic antibiogram, syndromic_group argument must used. can column data, e.g. ifelse() calculations based certain columns:","code":"antibiogram(example_isolates, antibiotics = c(aminoglycosides(), carbapenems()), syndromic_group = \"ward\") #> ℹ For aminoglycosides() using columns 'GEN' (gentamicin), 'TOB' #> (tobramycin), 'AMK' (amikacin), and 'KAN' (kanamycin) #> ℹ For carbapenems() using columns 'IPM' (imipenem) and 'MEM' (meropenem)"},{"path":"https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/AMR.html","id":"weighted-incidence-syndromic-combination-antibiogram-wisca","dir":"Articles","previous_headings":"Analysing the data > Generate antibiograms","what":"Weighted-Incidence Syndromic Combination Antibiogram (WISCA)","title":"How to conduct AMR data analysis","text":"create Weighted-Incidence Syndromic Combination Antibiogram (WISCA), simply set wisca = TRUE antibiogram() function, use dedicated wisca() function. Unlike traditional antibiograms, WISCA provides syndrome-based susceptibility estimates, weighted pathogen incidence antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. WISCA uses Bayesian decision model integrate data multiple pathogens, improving empirical therapy guidance, especially low-incidence infections. pathogen-agnostic, meaning results syndrome-based rather stratified microorganism. reliable results, ensure data includes first isolates (use first_isolate()) consider filtering top n species (use top_n_microorganisms()), WISCA outcomes meaningful based robust incidence estimates. patient- syndrome-specific WISCA, run function grouped tibble, .e., using group_by() first:","code":"example_isolates %>% wisca(antibiotics = c(\"TZP\", \"TZP+TOB\", \"TZP+GEN\"), minimum = 10) # Recommended threshold: ≥30 example_isolates %>% top_n_microorganisms(n = 10) %>% group_by(age_group = age_groups(age, c(25, 50, 75)), gender) %>% wisca(antibiotics = c(\"TZP\", \"TZP+TOB\", \"TZP+GEN\"))"},{"path":"https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/AMR.html","id":"plotting-antibiograms","dir":"Articles","previous_headings":"Analysing the data > Generate antibiograms","what":"Plotting antibiograms","title":"How to conduct AMR data analysis","text":"Antibiograms can plotted using autoplot() ggplot2 packages, since AMR package provides extension function: calculate antimicrobial resistance sensible way, also correcting results, use resistance() susceptibility() functions.","code":"autoplot(combined_ab)"},{"path":"https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/AMR.html","id":"resistance-percentages","dir":"Articles","previous_headings":"Analysing the data","what":"Resistance percentages","title":"How to conduct AMR data analysis","text":"functions resistance() susceptibility() can used calculate antimicrobial resistance susceptibility. specific analyses, functions proportion_S(), proportion_SI(), proportion_I(), proportion_IR() proportion_R() can used determine proportion specific antimicrobial outcome. functions contain minimum argument, denoting minimum required number test results returning value. functions otherwise return NA. default minimum = 30, following CLSI M39-A4 guideline applying microbial epidemiology. per EUCAST guideline 2019, calculate resistance proportion R (proportion_R(), equal resistance()) susceptibility proportion S (proportion_SI(), equal susceptibility()). functions can used : can used conjunction group_by() summarise(), dplyr package:","code":"our_data_1st %>% resistance(AMX) #> [1] 0.4203377 our_data_1st %>% group_by(hospital) %>% summarise(amoxicillin = resistance(AMX)) #> # A tibble: 3 × 2 #> hospital amoxicillin #> #> 1 A 0.340 #> 2 B 0.551 #> 3 C 0.370"},{"path":"https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/AMR.html","id":"interpreting-mic-and-disk-diffusion-values","dir":"Articles","previous_headings":"Analysing the data","what":"Interpreting MIC and Disk Diffusion Values","title":"How to conduct AMR data analysis","text":"Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values disk diffusion diameters can interpreted clinical breakpoints (SIR) using .sir(). ’s example randomly generated MIC values Klebsiella pneumoniae ciprofloxacin: allows direct interpretation according EUCAST CLSI breakpoints, facilitating automated AMR data processing.","code":"set.seed(123) mic_values <- random_mic(100) sir_values <- as.sir(mic_values, mo = \"K. pneumoniae\", ab = \"cipro\", guideline = \"EUCAST 2024\") #> #> ℹ Run sir_interpretation_history() afterwards to retrieve a logbook with #> all the details of the breakpoint interpretations. #> #> Interpreting MIC values: 'cipro' (CIP, ciprofloxacin), EUCAST 2024... NOTE #> • Multiple breakpoints available for ciprofloxacin (CIP) in Klebsiella pneumoniae - assuming body site 'Non-meningitis'. my_data <- tibble(MIC = mic_values, SIR = sir_values) my_data #> # A tibble: 100 × 2 #> MIC SIR #> #> 1 16.000 R #> 2 0.005 S #> 3 1.000 R #> 4 >=256.000 R #> 5 2.000 R #> 6 0.025 S #> 7 16.000 R #> 8 0.025 S #> 9 0.500 I #> 10 0.005 S #> # ℹ 90 more rows"},{"path":"https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/AMR.html","id":"plotting-mic-and-sir-interpretations","dir":"Articles","previous_headings":"Analysing the data","what":"Plotting MIC and SIR Interpretations","title":"How to conduct AMR data analysis","text":"can visualise MIC distributions SIR interpretations using ggplot2, using new scale_y_mic() y-axis scale_colour_sir() colour-code SIR categories. plot provides intuitive way assess susceptibility patterns across different groups incorporating clinical breakpoints. straightforward less manual approach, ggplot2’s function autoplot() extended package directly plot MIC disk diffusion values: Author: Dr. Matthijs Berends, 23rd Feb 2025","code":"# add a group my_data$group <- rep(c(\"A\", \"B\", \"C\", \"D\"), each = 25) ggplot(my_data, aes(x = group, y = MIC, colour = SIR)) + geom_jitter(width = 0.2, size = 2) + geom_boxplot(fill = NA, colour = \"grey40\") + scale_y_mic() + scale_colour_sir() + labs(title = \"MIC Distribution and SIR Interpretation\", x = \"Sample Groups\", y = \"MIC (mg/L)\") autoplot(mic_values) # by providing `mo` and `ab`, colours will indicate the SIR interpretation: autoplot(mic_values, mo = \"K. pneumoniae\", ab = \"cipro\", guideline = \"EUCAST 2024\")"},{"path":"https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/AMR_for_Python.html","id":"introduction","dir":"Articles","previous_headings":"","what":"Introduction","title":"AMR for Python","text":"AMR package R powerful tool antimicrobial resistance (AMR) analysis. provides extensive features handling microbial antimicrobial data. However, work primarily Python, now intuitive option available: AMR Python Package Index. Python package wrapper round AMR R package. uses rpy2 package internally. Despite need R installed, Python users can now easily work AMR data directly Python code.","code":""},{"path":"https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/AMR_for_Python.html","id":"install","dir":"Articles","previous_headings":"","what":"Install","title":"AMR for Python","text":"Since Python package available official Python Package Index, can just run: Make sure R installed. need install AMR R package, installed automatically. Linux: macOS (using Homebrew): Windows, visit CRAN download page download install R.","code":"pip install AMR # Ubuntu / Debian sudo apt install r-base # Fedora: sudo dnf install R # CentOS/RHEL sudo yum install R brew install r"},{"path":[]},{"path":"https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/AMR_for_Python.html","id":"cleaning-taxonomy","dir":"Articles","previous_headings":"Examples of Usage","what":"Cleaning Taxonomy","title":"AMR for Python","text":"’s example demonstrates clean microorganism drug names using AMR Python package:","code":"import pandas as pd import AMR # Sample data data = { \"MOs\": ['E. coli', 'ESCCOL', 'esco', 'Esche coli'], \"Drug\": ['Cipro', 'CIP', 'J01MA02', 'Ciproxin'] } df = pd.DataFrame(data) # Use AMR functions to clean microorganism and drug names df['MO_clean'] = AMR.mo_name(df['MOs']) df['Drug_clean'] = AMR.ab_name(df['Drug']) # Display the results print(df)"},{"path":"https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/AMR_for_Python.html","id":"explanation","dir":"Articles","previous_headings":"Examples of Usage > Cleaning Taxonomy","what":"Explanation","title":"AMR for Python","text":"mo_name: function standardises microorganism names. , different variations Escherichia coli (“E. coli”, “ESCCOL”, “esco”, “Esche coli”) converted correct, standardised form, “Escherichia coli”. ab_name: Similarly, function standardises antimicrobial names. different representations ciprofloxacin (e.g., “Cipro”, “CIP”, “J01MA02”, “Ciproxin”) converted standard name, “Ciprofloxacin”.","code":""},{"path":"https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/AMR_for_Python.html","id":"calculating-amr","dir":"Articles","previous_headings":"Examples of Usage","what":"Calculating AMR","title":"AMR for Python","text":"","code":"import AMR import pandas as pd df = AMR.example_isolates result = AMR.resistance(df[\"AMX\"]) print(result) [0.59555556]"},{"path":"https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/AMR_for_Python.html","id":"generating-antibiograms","dir":"Articles","previous_headings":"Examples of Usage","what":"Generating Antibiograms","title":"AMR for Python","text":"One core functions AMR package generating antibiogram, table summarises antimicrobial susceptibility bacterial isolates. ’s can generate antibiogram Python: example, generate antibiogram selecting various antibiotics.","code":"result2a = AMR.antibiogram(df[[\"mo\", \"AMX\", \"CIP\", \"TZP\"]]) print(result2a) result2b = AMR.antibiogram(df[[\"mo\", \"AMX\", \"CIP\", \"TZP\"]], mo_transform = \"gramstain\") print(result2b)"},{"path":"https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/AMR_for_Python.html","id":"taxonomic-data-sets-now-in-python","dir":"Articles","previous_headings":"Examples of Usage","what":"Taxonomic Data Sets Now in Python!","title":"AMR for Python","text":"Python user, might like important data sets AMR R package, microorganisms, antibiotics, clinical_breakpoints, example_isolates, now available regular Python data frames:","code":"AMR.microorganisms AMR.antibiotics"},{"path":"https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/AMR_for_Python.html","id":"conclusion","dir":"Articles","previous_headings":"","what":"Conclusion","title":"AMR for Python","text":"AMR Python package, Python users can now effortlessly call R functions AMR R package. eliminates need complex rpy2 configurations provides clean, easy--use interface antimicrobial resistance analysis. examples provided demonstrate can applied typical workflows, standardising microorganism antimicrobial names calculating resistance. just running import AMR, users can seamlessly integrate robust features R AMR package Python workflows. Whether ’re cleaning data analysing resistance patterns, AMR Python package makes easy work AMR data Python.","code":""},{"path":"https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/AMR_with_tidymodels.html","id":"objective","dir":"Articles","previous_headings":"","what":"Objective","title":"AMR with tidymodels","text":"goal build predictive model using tidymodels framework determine Gramstain microorganism based microbial data. : Preprocess data using selector functions aminoglycosides() betalactams(). Define logistic regression model prediction. Use structured tidymodels workflow preprocess, train, evaluate model.","code":""},{"path":"https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/AMR_with_tidymodels.html","id":"data-preparation","dir":"Articles","previous_headings":"","what":"Data Preparation","title":"AMR with tidymodels","text":"begin loading required libraries preparing example_isolates dataset AMR package. Explanation: aminoglycosides() betalactams() dynamically select columns antibiotics classes. drop_na() ensures model receives complete cases training.","code":"# Load required libraries library(tidymodels) # For machine learning workflows, and data manipulation (dplyr, tidyr, ...) #> ── Attaching packages ────────────────────────────────────── tidymodels 1.3.0 ── #> ✔ broom 1.0.7 ✔ recipes 1.1.1 #> ✔ dials 1.4.0 ✔ rsample 1.2.1 #> ✔ dplyr 1.1.4 ✔ tibble 3.2.1 #> ✔ ggplot2 3.5.1 ✔ tidyr 1.3.1 #> ✔ infer 1.0.7 ✔ tune 1.3.0 #> ✔ modeldata 1.4.0 ✔ workflows 1.2.0 #> ✔ parsnip 1.3.0 ✔ workflowsets 1.1.0 #> ✔ purrr 1.0.4 ✔ yardstick 1.3.2 #> ── Conflicts ───────────────────────────────────────── tidymodels_conflicts() ── #> ✖ purrr::discard() masks scales::discard() #> ✖ dplyr::filter() masks stats::filter() #> ✖ dplyr::lag() masks stats::lag() #> ✖ recipes::step() masks stats::step() library(AMR) # For AMR data analysis # Select relevant columns for prediction data <- example_isolates %>% # select AB results dynamically select(mo, aminoglycosides(), betalactams()) %>% # replace NAs with NI (not-interpretable) mutate(across(where(is.sir), ~replace_na(.x, \"NI\")), # make factors of SIR columns across(where(is.sir), as.integer), # get Gramstain of microorganisms mo = as.factor(mo_gramstain(mo))) %>% # drop NAs - the ones without a Gramstain (fungi, etc.) drop_na() #> ℹ For aminoglycosides() using columns 'GEN' (gentamicin), 'TOB' #> (tobramycin), 'AMK' (amikacin), and 'KAN' (kanamycin) #> ℹ For betalactams() using columns 'PEN' (benzylpenicillin), 'OXA' #> (oxacillin), 'FLC' (flucloxacillin), 'AMX' (amoxicillin), 'AMC' #> (amoxicillin/clavulanic acid), 'AMP' (ampicillin), 'TZP' #> (piperacillin/tazobactam), 'CZO' (cefazolin), 'FEP' (cefepime), 'CXM' #> (cefuroxime), 'FOX' (cefoxitin), 'CTX' (cefotaxime), 'CAZ' (ceftazidime), #> 'CRO' (ceftriaxone), 'IPM' (imipenem), and 'MEM' (meropenem)"},{"path":"https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/AMR_with_tidymodels.html","id":"defining-the-workflow","dir":"Articles","previous_headings":"","what":"Defining the Workflow","title":"AMR with tidymodels","text":"now define tidymodels workflow, consists three steps: preprocessing, model specification, fitting.","code":""},{"path":"https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/AMR_with_tidymodels.html","id":"preprocessing-with-a-recipe","dir":"Articles","previous_headings":"Defining the Workflow","what":"1. Preprocessing with a Recipe","title":"AMR with tidymodels","text":"create recipe preprocess data modelling. Explanation: recipe(mo ~ ., data = data) take mo column outcome columns predictors. step_corr() removes predictors (.e., antibiotic columns) higher correlation 90%. Notice recipe contains just antibiotic selector functions - need define columns specifically.","code":"# Define the recipe for data preprocessing resistance_recipe <- recipe(mo ~ ., data = data) %>% step_corr(c(aminoglycosides(), betalactams()), threshold = 0.9) resistance_recipe #> #> ── Recipe ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── #> #> ── Inputs #> Number of variables by role #> outcome: 1 #> predictor: 20 #> #> ── Operations #> • Correlation filter on: c(aminoglycosides(), betalactams())"},{"path":"https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/AMR_with_tidymodels.html","id":"specifying-the-model","dir":"Articles","previous_headings":"Defining the Workflow","what":"2. Specifying the Model","title":"AMR with tidymodels","text":"define logistic regression model since resistance prediction binary classification task. Explanation: logistic_reg() sets logistic regression model. set_engine(\"glm\") specifies use R’s built-GLM engine.","code":"# Specify a logistic regression model logistic_model <- logistic_reg() %>% set_engine(\"glm\") # Use the Generalized Linear Model engine logistic_model #> Logistic Regression Model Specification (classification) #> #> Computational engine: glm"},{"path":"https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/AMR_with_tidymodels.html","id":"building-the-workflow","dir":"Articles","previous_headings":"Defining the Workflow","what":"3. Building the Workflow","title":"AMR with tidymodels","text":"bundle recipe model together workflow, organizes entire modeling process.","code":"# Combine the recipe and model into a workflow resistance_workflow <- workflow() %>% add_recipe(resistance_recipe) %>% # Add the preprocessing recipe add_model(logistic_model) # Add the logistic regression model"},{"path":"https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/AMR_with_tidymodels.html","id":"training-and-evaluating-the-model","dir":"Articles","previous_headings":"","what":"Training and Evaluating the Model","title":"AMR with tidymodels","text":"train model, split data training testing sets. , fit workflow training set evaluate performance. Explanation: initial_split() splits data training testing sets. fit() trains workflow training set. Notice fit(), antibiotic selector functions internally called . training, functions called since stored recipe. Next, evaluate model testing data. Explanation: predict() generates predictions testing set. metrics() computes evaluation metrics like accuracy kappa. appears can predict Gram based AMR results 99.5% accuracy based AMR results aminoglycosides beta-lactam antibiotics. ROC curve looks like :","code":"# Split data into training and testing sets set.seed(123) # For reproducibility data_split <- initial_split(data, prop = 0.8) # 80% training, 20% testing training_data <- training(data_split) # Training set testing_data <- testing(data_split) # Testing set # Fit the workflow to the training data fitted_workflow <- resistance_workflow %>% fit(training_data) # Train the model #> ℹ For aminoglycosides() using columns 'GEN' (gentamicin), 'TOB' #> (tobramycin), 'AMK' (amikacin), and 'KAN' (kanamycin) #> ℹ For betalactams() using columns 'PEN' (benzylpenicillin), 'OXA' #> (oxacillin), 'FLC' (flucloxacillin), 'AMX' (amoxicillin), 'AMC' #> (amoxicillin/clavulanic acid), 'AMP' (ampicillin), 'TZP' #> (piperacillin/tazobactam), 'CZO' (cefazolin), 'FEP' (cefepime), 'CXM' #> (cefuroxime), 'FOX' (cefoxitin), 'CTX' (cefotaxime), 'CAZ' (ceftazidime), #> 'CRO' (ceftriaxone), 'IPM' (imipenem), and 'MEM' (meropenem) # Make predictions on the testing set predictions <- fitted_workflow %>% predict(testing_data) # Generate predictions probabilities <- fitted_workflow %>% predict(testing_data, type = \"prob\") # Generate probabilities predictions <- predictions %>% bind_cols(probabilities) %>% bind_cols(testing_data) # Combine with true labels predictions #> # A tibble: 394 × 24 #> .pred_class `.pred_Gram-negative` `.pred_Gram-positive` mo GEN TOB #> #> 1 Gram-positive 1.07e- 1 8.93e- 1 Gram-p… 5 5 #> 2 Gram-positive 3.17e- 8 1.00e+ 0 Gram-p… 5 1 #> 3 Gram-negative 9.99e- 1 1.42e- 3 Gram-n… 5 5 #> 4 Gram-positive 2.22e-16 1 e+ 0 Gram-p… 5 5 #> 5 Gram-negative 9.46e- 1 5.42e- 2 Gram-n… 5 5 #> 6 Gram-positive 1.07e- 1 8.93e- 1 Gram-p… 5 5 #> 7 Gram-positive 2.22e-16 1 e+ 0 Gram-p… 1 5 #> 8 Gram-positive 2.22e-16 1 e+ 0 Gram-p… 4 4 #> 9 Gram-negative 1 e+ 0 2.22e-16 Gram-n… 1 1 #> 10 Gram-positive 6.05e-11 1.00e+ 0 Gram-p… 4 4 #> # ℹ 384 more rows #> # ℹ 18 more variables: AMK , KAN , PEN , OXA , FLC , #> # AMX , AMC , AMP , TZP , CZO , FEP , #> # CXM , FOX , CTX , CAZ , CRO , IPM , MEM # Evaluate model performance metrics <- predictions %>% metrics(truth = mo, estimate = .pred_class) # Calculate performance metrics metrics #> # A tibble: 2 × 3 #> .metric .estimator .estimate #> #> 1 accuracy binary 0.995 #> 2 kap binary 0.989 predictions %>% roc_curve(mo, `.pred_Gram-negative`) %>% autoplot()"},{"path":"https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/AMR_with_tidymodels.html","id":"conclusion","dir":"Articles","previous_headings":"","what":"Conclusion","title":"AMR with tidymodels","text":"post, demonstrated build machine learning pipeline tidymodels framework AMR package. combining selector functions like aminoglycosides() betalactams() tidymodels, efficiently prepared data, trained model, evaluated performance. workflow extensible antibiotic classes resistance patterns, empowering users analyse AMR data systematically reproducibly.","code":""},{"path":"https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/EUCAST.html","id":"introduction","dir":"Articles","previous_headings":"","what":"Introduction","title":"How to apply EUCAST rules","text":"EUCAST rules? European Committee Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) states website: EUCAST expert rules tabulated collection expert knowledge intrinsic resistances, exceptional resistance phenotypes interpretive rules may applied antimicrobial susceptibility testing order reduce errors make appropriate recommendations reporting particular resistances. Europe, lot medical microbiological laboratories already apply rules (Brown et al., 2015). package features latest insights intrinsic resistance unusual phenotypes (v3.1, 2016). Moreover, eucast_rules() function use purpose can also apply additional rules, like forcing ampicillin = R isolates amoxicillin/clavulanic acid = R.","code":""},{"path":"https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/EUCAST.html","id":"examples","dir":"Articles","previous_headings":"","what":"Examples","title":"How to apply EUCAST rules","text":"rules can used discard impossible bug-drug combinations data. example, Klebsiella produces beta-lactamase prevents ampicillin (amoxicillin) working . words, practically every strain Klebsiella resistant ampicillin. Sometimes, laboratory data can still contain strains ampicillin susceptible ampicillin. antibiogram available identification available, antibiogram re-interpreted based identification (namely, Klebsiella). EUCAST expert rules solve , can applied using eucast_rules(): convenient function mo_is_intrinsic_resistant() uses guideline, allows check one specific microorganisms antibiotics: EUCAST rules can used correction, can also used filling known resistance susceptibility based results antimicrobials drugs. process called interpretive reading, basically form imputation, part eucast_rules() function well:","code":"oops <- data.frame( mo = c( \"Klebsiella\", \"Escherichia\" ), ampicillin = \"S\" ) oops #> mo ampicillin #> 1 Klebsiella S #> 2 Escherichia S eucast_rules(oops, info = FALSE) #> mo ampicillin #> 1 Klebsiella R #> 2 Escherichia S mo_is_intrinsic_resistant( c(\"Klebsiella\", \"Escherichia\"), \"ampicillin\" ) #> [1] TRUE FALSE mo_is_intrinsic_resistant( \"Klebsiella\", c(\"ampicillin\", \"kanamycin\") ) #> [1] TRUE FALSE data <- data.frame( mo = c( \"Staphylococcus aureus\", \"Enterococcus faecalis\", \"Escherichia coli\", \"Klebsiella pneumoniae\", \"Pseudomonas aeruginosa\" ), VAN = \"-\", # Vancomycin AMX = \"-\", # Amoxicillin COL = \"-\", # Colistin CAZ = \"-\", # Ceftazidime CXM = \"-\", # Cefuroxime PEN = \"S\", # Benzylenicillin FOX = \"S\", # Cefoxitin stringsAsFactors = FALSE ) data eucast_rules(data)"},{"path":"https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/MDR.html","id":"type-of-input","dir":"Articles","previous_headings":"","what":"Type of input","title":"How to determine multi-drug resistance (MDR)","text":"mdro() function takes data set input, regular data.frame. tries automatically determine right columns info isolates, name species columns results antimicrobial agents. See help page info set right settings data command ?mdro. WHONET data (data), settings automatically set correctly.","code":""},{"path":"https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/MDR.html","id":"guidelines","dir":"Articles","previous_headings":"","what":"Guidelines","title":"How to determine multi-drug resistance (MDR)","text":"mdro() function support multiple guidelines. can select guideline guideline parameter. Currently supported guidelines (case-insensitive): guideline = \"CMI2012\" (default) Magiorakos AP, Srinivasan et al. “Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant pandrug-resistant bacteria: international expert proposal interim standard definitions acquired resistance.” Clinical Microbiology Infection (2012) (link) guideline = \"EUCAST3.2\" (simply guideline = \"EUCAST\") European international guideline - EUCAST Expert Rules Version 3.2 “Intrinsic Resistance Unusual Phenotypes” (link) guideline = \"EUCAST3.1\" European international guideline - EUCAST Expert Rules Version 3.1 “Intrinsic Resistance Exceptional Phenotypes Tables” (link) guideline = \"TB\" international guideline multi-drug resistant tuberculosis - World Health Organization “Companion handbook guidelines programmatic management drug-resistant tuberculosis” (link) guideline = \"MRGN\" German national guideline - Mueller et al. (2015) Antimicrobial Resistance Infection Control 4:7. DOI: 10.1186/s13756-015-0047-6 guideline = \"BRMO\" Dutch national guideline - Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu “WIP-richtlijn BRMO (Bijzonder Resistente Micro-Organismen) (ZKH)” (link) Please suggest (country-specific) guidelines letting us know: https://github.com/msberends/AMR/issues/new.","code":""},{"path":"https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/MDR.html","id":"custom-guidelines","dir":"Articles","previous_headings":"Guidelines","what":"Custom Guidelines","title":"How to determine multi-drug resistance (MDR)","text":"can also use custom guideline. Custom guidelines can set custom_mdro_guideline() function. great importance custom rules determine MDROs hospital, e.g., rules dependent ward, state contact isolation variables data. familiar case_when() dplyr package, recognise input method set rules. Rules must set using R considers ‘formula notation’: row/isolate matches first rule, value first ~ (case ‘Elderly Type ’) set MDRO value. Otherwise, second rule tried . maximum number rules unlimited. can print rules set console overview. Colours help reading console supports colours. outcome function can used guideline argument mdro() function: rules set (custom object case) exported shared file location using saveRDS() collaborate multiple users. custom rules set imported using readRDS().","code":"custom <- custom_mdro_guideline( CIP == \"R\" & age > 60 ~ \"Elderly Type A\", ERY == \"R\" & age > 60 ~ \"Elderly Type B\" ) custom #> A set of custom MDRO rules: #> 1. If CIP is R and age is higher than 60 then: Elderly Type A #> 2. If ERY is R and age is higher than 60 then: Elderly Type B #> 3. Otherwise: Negative #> #> Unmatched rows will return NA. #> Results will be of class 'factor', with ordered levels: Negative < Elderly Type A < Elderly Type B x <- mdro(example_isolates, guideline = custom) table(x) #> x #> Negative Elderly Type A Elderly Type B #> 1070 198 732"},{"path":"https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/MDR.html","id":"examples","dir":"Articles","previous_headings":"","what":"Examples","title":"How to determine multi-drug resistance (MDR)","text":"mdro() function always returns ordered factor predefined guidelines. example, output default guideline Magiorakos et al. returns factor levels ‘Negative’, ‘MDR’, ‘XDR’ ‘PDR’ order. next example uses example_isolates data set. data set included package contains full antibiograms 2,000 microbial isolates. reflects reality can used practise AMR data analysis. test MDR/XDR/PDR guideline data set, get: Frequency table Class: factor > ordered (numeric) Length: 2,000 Levels: 4: Negative < Multi-drug-resistant (MDR) < Extensively drug-resistant … Available: 1,745 (87.25%, NA: 255 = 12.75%) Unique: 2 another example, create data set determine multi-drug resistant TB: column names automatically verified valid drug names codes, worked exactly way: data set now looks like : can now add interpretation MDR-TB data set. can use: shortcut mdr_tb(): Create frequency table results: Frequency table Class: factor > ordered (numeric) Length: 5,000 Levels: 5: Negative < Mono-resistant < Poly-resistant < Multi-drug-resistant <… Available: 5,000 (100%, NA: 0 = 0%) Unique: 5","code":"library(dplyr) # to support pipes: %>% library(cleaner) # to create frequency tables example_isolates %>% mdro() %>% freq() # show frequency table of the result #> Warning: in mdro(): NA introduced for isolates where the available percentage of #> antimicrobial classes was below 50% (set with pct_required_classes) # random_sir() is a helper function to generate # a random vector with values S, I and R my_TB_data <- data.frame( rifampicin = random_sir(5000), isoniazid = random_sir(5000), gatifloxacin = random_sir(5000), ethambutol = random_sir(5000), pyrazinamide = random_sir(5000), moxifloxacin = random_sir(5000), kanamycin = random_sir(5000) ) my_TB_data <- data.frame( RIF = random_sir(5000), INH = random_sir(5000), GAT = random_sir(5000), ETH = random_sir(5000), PZA = random_sir(5000), MFX = random_sir(5000), KAN = random_sir(5000) ) head(my_TB_data) #> rifampicin isoniazid gatifloxacin ethambutol pyrazinamide moxifloxacin #> 1 I R S S S S #> 2 S S I R R S #> 3 R I I I R I #> 4 I S S S S S #> 5 I I I S I S #> 6 R S R S I I #> kanamycin #> 1 R #> 2 I #> 3 S #> 4 I #> 5 I #> 6 I mdro(my_TB_data, guideline = \"TB\") my_TB_data$mdr <- mdr_tb(my_TB_data) #> ℹ No column found as input for col_mo, assuming all rows contain #> Mycobacterium tuberculosis. freq(my_TB_data$mdr)"},{"path":[]},{"path":"https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/PCA.html","id":"transforming","dir":"Articles","previous_headings":"","what":"Transforming","title":"How to conduct principal component analysis (PCA) for AMR","text":"PCA, need transform AMR data first. example_isolates data set package looks like: Now transform data set resistance percentages per taxonomic order genus:","code":"library(AMR) library(dplyr) glimpse(example_isolates) #> Rows: 2,000 #> Columns: 46 #> $ date 2002-01-02, 2002-01-03, 2002-01-07, 2002-01-07, 2002-01-13, 2… #> $ patient \"A77334\", \"A77334\", \"067927\", \"067927\", \"067927\", \"067927\", \"4… #> $ age 65, 65, 45, 45, 45, 45, 78, 78, 45, 79, 67, 67, 71, 71, 75, 50… #> $ gender \"F\", \"F\", \"F\", \"F\", \"F\", \"F\", \"M\", \"M\", \"F\", \"F\", \"M\", \"M\", \"M… #> $ ward \"Clinical\", \"Clinical\", \"ICU\", \"ICU\", \"ICU\", \"ICU\", \"Clinical\"… #> $ mo \"B_ESCHR_COLI\", \"B_ESCHR_COLI\", \"B_STPHY_EPDR\", \"B_STPHY_EPDR\",… #> $ PEN R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, S,… #> $ OXA NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA… #> $ FLC NA, NA, R, R, R, R, S, S, R, S, S, S, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, R, R… #> $ AMX NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, R, R, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, R, NA, N… #> $ AMC I, I, NA, NA, NA, NA, S, S, NA, NA, S, S, I, I, R, I, I, NA, N… #> $ AMP NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, R, R, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, R, NA, N… #> $ TZP NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA… #> $ CZO NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, R, NA,… #> $ FEP NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA… #> $ CXM I, I, R, R, R, R, S, S, R, S, S, S, S, S, NA, S, S, R, R, S, S… #> $ FOX NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, R, NA,… #> $ CTX NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, S, S, NA, S, S… #> $ CAZ NA, NA, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, NA, NA, NA, S, S, R, R, … #> $ CRO NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, S, S, NA, S, S… #> $ GEN NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA… #> $ TOB NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, S, S, NA, NA, NA, NA, S, S, NA, NA, NA… #> $ AMK NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA… #> $ KAN NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA… #> $ TMP R, R, S, S, R, R, R, R, S, S, NA, NA, S, S, S, S, S, R, R, R, … #> $ SXT R, R, S, S, NA, NA, NA, NA, S, S, NA, NA, S, S, S, S, S, NA, N… #> $ NIT NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, R,… #> $ FOS NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA… #> $ LNZ R, R, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, R, R, R, R, R, N… #> $ CIP NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, S, S, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, S, S… #> $ MFX