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</button>
<span class="navbar-brand">
<a class="navbar-link" href="index.html">AMR (for R)</a>
<span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Released version">0.5.0.9023</span>
<span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Released version">0.5.0.9024</span>
</span>
</div>

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</button>
<span class="navbar-brand">
<a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">AMR (for R)</a>
<span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Released version">0.5.0.9023</span>
<span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Released version">0.5.0.9024</span>
</span>
</div>
@ -192,7 +192,7 @@
<h1>Benchmarks</h1>
<h4 class="author">Matthijs S. Berends</h4>
<h4 class="date">15 March 2019</h4>
<h4 class="date">18 March 2019</h4>
<div class="hidden name"><code>benchmarks.Rmd</code></div>
@ -217,14 +217,14 @@
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb2-8" title="8"> <span class="dt">times =</span> <span class="dv">10</span>)</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb2-9" title="9"><span class="kw"><a href="https://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/base/topics/print">print</a></span>(S.aureus, <span class="dt">unit =</span> <span class="st">"ms"</span>, <span class="dt">signif =</span> <span class="dv">2</span>)</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb2-10" title="10"><span class="co">#&gt; Unit: milliseconds</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb2-11" title="11"><span class="co">#&gt; expr min lq mean median uq max neval</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb2-12" title="12"><span class="co">#&gt; as.mo("sau") 17.0 17.0 22.0 17.0 19.0 59.0 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb2-13" title="13"><span class="co">#&gt; as.mo("stau") 41.0 41.0 46.0 41.0 44.0 83.0 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb2-14" title="14"><span class="co">#&gt; as.mo("staaur") 17.0 17.0 26.0 17.0 18.0 74.0 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb2-15" title="15"><span class="co">#&gt; as.mo("STAAUR") 17.0 17.0 29.0 17.0 52.0 62.0 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb2-16" title="16"><span class="co">#&gt; as.mo("S. aureus") 31.0 31.0 32.0 31.0 32.0 32.0 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb2-17" title="17"><span class="co">#&gt; as.mo("S. aureus") 31.0 31.0 48.0 32.0 73.0 110.0 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb2-18" title="18"><span class="co">#&gt; as.mo("Staphylococcus aureus") 7.4 7.4 7.7 7.4 8.2 8.6 10</span></a></code></pre></div>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb2-11" title="11"><span class="co">#&gt; expr min lq mean median uq max neval</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb2-12" title="12"><span class="co">#&gt; as.mo("sau") 18.0 18.0 22 18.0 18.0 61 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb2-13" title="13"><span class="co">#&gt; as.mo("stau") 49.0 50.0 62 50.0 50.0 130 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb2-14" title="14"><span class="co">#&gt; as.mo("staaur") 18.0 18.0 27 18.0 18.0 66 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb2-15" title="15"><span class="co">#&gt; as.mo("STAAUR") 18.0 18.0 23 18.0 19.0 66 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb2-16" title="16"><span class="co">#&gt; as.mo("S. aureus") 29.0 29.0 39 29.0 42.0 73 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb2-17" title="17"><span class="co">#&gt; as.mo("S. aureus") 29.0 29.0 38 29.0 31.0 72 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb2-18" title="18"><span class="co">#&gt; as.mo("Staphylococcus aureus") 8.3 8.3 12 8.3 8.8 44 10</span></a></code></pre></div>
<p>In the table above, all measurements are shown in milliseconds (thousands of seconds). A value of 5 milliseconds means it can determine 200 input values per second. It case of 100 milliseconds, this is only 10 input values per second. The second input is the only one that has to be looked up thoroughly. All the others are known codes (the first one is a WHONET code) or common laboratory codes, or common full organism names like the last one. Full organism names are always preferred.</p>
<p>To achieve this speed, the <code>as.mo</code> function also takes into account the prevalence of human pathogenic microorganisms. The downside is of course that less prevalent microorganisms will be determined less fast. See this example for the ID of <em>Thermus islandicus</em> (<code>B_THERMS_ISL</code>), a bug probably never found before in humans:</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb3"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb3-1" title="1">T.islandicus &lt;-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw"><a href="https://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/microbenchmark/topics/microbenchmark">microbenchmark</a></span>(<span class="kw"><a href="../reference/as.mo.html">as.mo</a></span>(<span class="st">"theisl"</span>),</a>
@ -236,12 +236,12 @@
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb3-7" title="7"><span class="kw"><a href="https://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/base/topics/print">print</a></span>(T.islandicus, <span class="dt">unit =</span> <span class="st">"ms"</span>, <span class="dt">signif =</span> <span class="dv">2</span>)</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb3-8" title="8"><span class="co">#&gt; Unit: milliseconds</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb3-9" title="9"><span class="co">#&gt; expr min lq mean median uq max neval</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb3-10" title="10"><span class="co">#&gt; as.mo("theisl") 420 430 450 470 470 470 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb3-11" title="11"><span class="co">#&gt; as.mo("THEISL") 420 440 480 470 480 680 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb3-12" title="12"><span class="co">#&gt; as.mo("T. islandicus") 290 290 310 300 330 350 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb3-13" title="13"><span class="co">#&gt; as.mo("T. islandicus") 300 300 330 330 350 350 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb3-14" title="14"><span class="co">#&gt; as.mo("Thermus islandicus") 67 67 86 68 110 120 10</span></a></code></pre></div>
<p>That takes 11 times as much time on average. A value of 100 milliseconds means it can only determine ~10 different input values per second. We can conclude that looking up arbitrary codes of less prevalent microorganisms is the worst way to go, in terms of calculation performance. Full names (like <em>Thermus islandicus</em>) are almost fast - these are the most probable input from most data sets.</p>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb3-10" title="10"><span class="co">#&gt; as.mo("theisl") 470 470 490 470 510 520 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb3-11" title="11"><span class="co">#&gt; as.mo("THEISL") 470 470 500 500 520 530 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb3-12" title="12"><span class="co">#&gt; as.mo("T. islandicus") 74 74 84 75 77 130 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb3-13" title="13"><span class="co">#&gt; as.mo("T. islandicus") 74 74 84 74 75 120 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb3-14" title="14"><span class="co">#&gt; as.mo("Thermus islandicus") 74 78 100 120 120 130 10</span></a></code></pre></div>
<p>That takes 7.9 times as much time on average. A value of 100 milliseconds means it can only determine ~10 different input values per second. We can conclude that looking up arbitrary codes of less prevalent microorganisms is the worst way to go, in terms of calculation performance. Full names (like <em>Thermus islandicus</em>) are almost fast - these are the most probable input from most data sets.</p>
<p>In the figure below, we compare <em>Escherichia coli</em> (which is very common) with <em>Prevotella brevis</em> (which is moderately common) and with <em>Thermus islandicus</em> (which is very uncommon):</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb4"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb4-1" title="1"><span class="kw"><a href="https://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/graphics/topics/par">par</a></span>(<span class="dt">mar =</span> <span class="kw"><a href="https://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/base/topics/c">c</a></span>(<span class="dv">5</span>, <span class="dv">16</span>, <span class="dv">4</span>, <span class="dv">2</span>)) <span class="co"># set more space for left margin text (16)</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb4-2" title="2"></a>
@ -290,8 +290,8 @@
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb5-24" title="24"><span class="kw"><a href="https://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/base/topics/print">print</a></span>(run_it, <span class="dt">unit =</span> <span class="st">"ms"</span>, <span class="dt">signif =</span> <span class="dv">3</span>)</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb5-25" title="25"><span class="co">#&gt; Unit: milliseconds</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb5-26" title="26"><span class="co">#&gt; expr min lq mean median uq max neval</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb5-27" title="27"><span class="co">#&gt; mo_fullname(x) 738 813 847 819 921 975 10</span></a></code></pre></div>
<p>So transforming 500,000 values (!!) of 50 unique values only takes 0.82 seconds (818 ms). You only lose time on your unique input values.</p>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb5-27" title="27"><span class="co">#&gt; mo_fullname(x) 770 811 822 817 824 952 10</span></a></code></pre></div>
<p>So transforming 500,000 values (!!) of 50 unique values only takes 0.82 seconds (816 ms). You only lose time on your unique input values.</p>
</div>
<div id="precalculated-results" class="section level3">
<h3 class="hasAnchor">
@ -304,10 +304,10 @@
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb6-5" title="5"><span class="kw"><a href="https://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/base/topics/print">print</a></span>(run_it, <span class="dt">unit =</span> <span class="st">"ms"</span>, <span class="dt">signif =</span> <span class="dv">3</span>)</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb6-6" title="6"><span class="co">#&gt; Unit: milliseconds</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb6-7" title="7"><span class="co">#&gt; expr min lq mean median uq max neval</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb6-8" title="8"><span class="co">#&gt; A 11.000 11.100 15.700 11.300 11.400 52.900 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb6-9" title="9"><span class="co">#&gt; B 28.700 28.900 29.400 29.200 29.500 30.500 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb6-10" title="10"><span class="co">#&gt; C 0.322 0.556 0.523 0.568 0.581 0.586 10</span></a></code></pre></div>
<p>So going from <code><a href="../reference/mo_property.html">mo_fullname("Staphylococcus aureus")</a></code> to <code>"Staphylococcus aureus"</code> takes 0.0006 seconds - it doesn’t even start calculating <em>if the result would be the same as the expected resulting value</em>. That goes for all helper functions:</p>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb6-8" title="8"><span class="co">#&gt; A 12.000 12.600 12.900 13.200 13.200 13.300 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb6-9" title="9"><span class="co">#&gt; B 26.100 26.200 27.200 26.600 28.100 30.400 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb6-10" title="10"><span class="co">#&gt; C 0.394 0.738 0.745 0.774 0.869 0.982 10</span></a></code></pre></div>
<p>So going from <code><a href="../reference/mo_property.html">mo_fullname("Staphylococcus aureus")</a></code> to <code>"Staphylococcus aureus"</code> takes 0.0008 seconds - it doesn’t even start calculating <em>if the result would be the same as the expected resulting value</em>. That goes for all helper functions:</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb7"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-1" title="1">run_it &lt;-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw"><a href="https://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/microbenchmark/topics/microbenchmark">microbenchmark</a></span>(<span class="dt">A =</span> <span class="kw"><a href="../reference/mo_property.html">mo_species</a></span>(<span class="st">"aureus"</span>),</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-2" title="2"> <span class="dt">B =</span> <span class="kw"><a href="../reference/mo_property.html">mo_genus</a></span>(<span class="st">"Staphylococcus"</span>),</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-3" title="3"> <span class="dt">C =</span> <span class="kw"><a href="../reference/mo_property.html">mo_fullname</a></span>(<span class="st">"Staphylococcus aureus"</span>),</a>
@ -320,14 +320,14 @@
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-10" title="10"><span class="kw"><a href="https://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/base/topics/print">print</a></span>(run_it, <span class="dt">unit =</span> <span class="st">"ms"</span>, <span class="dt">signif =</span> <span class="dv">3</span>)</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-11" title="11"><span class="co">#&gt; Unit: milliseconds</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-12" title="12"><span class="co">#&gt; expr min lq mean median uq max neval</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-13" title="13"><span class="co">#&gt; A 0.314 0.339 0.399 0.380 0.460 0.507 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-14" title="14"><span class="co">#&gt; B 0.347 0.387 0.455 0.402 0.493 0.684 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-15" title="15"><span class="co">#&gt; C 0.429 0.505 0.566 0.588 0.656 0.660 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-16" title="16"><span class="co">#&gt; D 0.321 0.340 0.383 0.367 0.412 0.490 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-17" title="17"><span class="co">#&gt; E 0.303 0.328 0.369 0.379 0.403 0.449 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-18" title="18"><span class="co">#&gt; F 0.251 0.323 0.346 0.348 0.391 0.400 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-19" title="19"><span class="co">#&gt; G 0.286 0.305 0.345 0.338 0.389 0.398 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-20" title="20"><span class="co">#&gt; H 0.272 0.297 0.355 0.338 0.427 0.450 10</span></a></code></pre></div>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-13" title="13"><span class="co">#&gt; A 0.316 0.382 0.407 0.430 0.434 0.457 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-14" title="14"><span class="co">#&gt; B 0.371 0.470 0.497 0.498 0.548 0.579 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-15" title="15"><span class="co">#&gt; C 0.410 0.465 0.662 0.606 0.851 0.944 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-16" title="16"><span class="co">#&gt; D 0.366 0.376 0.406 0.393 0.429 0.493 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-17" title="17"><span class="co">#&gt; E 0.301 0.318 0.374 0.350 0.426 0.476 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-18" title="18"><span class="co">#&gt; F 0.304 0.331 0.387 0.392 0.438 0.482 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-19" title="19"><span class="co">#&gt; G 0.303 0.331 0.381 0.374 0.432 0.473 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-20" title="20"><span class="co">#&gt; H 0.316 0.374 0.430 0.399 0.443 0.709 10</span></a></code></pre></div>
<p>Of course, when running <code><a href="../reference/mo_property.html">mo_phylum("Firmicutes")</a></code> the function has zero knowledge about the actual microorganism, namely <em>S. aureus</em>. But since the result would be <code>"Firmicutes"</code> too, there is no point in calculating the result. And because this package ‘knows’ all phyla of all known bacteria (according to the Catalogue of Life), it can just return the initial value immediately.</p>
</div>
<div id="results-in-other-languages" class="section level3">
@ -335,7 +335,7 @@
<a href="#results-in-other-languages" class="anchor"></a>Results in other languages</h3>
<p>When the system language is non-English and supported by this <code>AMR</code> package, some functions will have a translated result. This almost does’t take extra time:</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb8"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-1" title="1"><span class="kw"><a href="../reference/mo_property.html">mo_fullname</a></span>(<span class="st">"CoNS"</span>, <span class="dt">language =</span> <span class="st">"en"</span>) <span class="co"># or just mo_fullname("CoNS") on an English system</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-2" title="2"><span class="co">#&gt; [1] "Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus (CoNS)"</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-2" title="2"><span class="co">#&gt; [1] "Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS)"</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-3" title="3"></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-4" title="4"><span class="kw"><a href="../reference/mo_property.html">mo_fullname</a></span>(<span class="st">"CoNS"</span>, <span class="dt">language =</span> <span class="st">"es"</span>) <span class="co"># or just mo_fullname("CoNS") on a Spanish system</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-5" title="5"><span class="co">#&gt; [1] "Staphylococcus coagulasa negativo (CoNS)"</span></a>
@ -354,13 +354,13 @@
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-18" title="18"><span class="kw"><a href="https://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/base/topics/print">print</a></span>(run_it, <span class="dt">unit =</span> <span class="st">"ms"</span>, <span class="dt">signif =</span> <span class="dv">4</span>)</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-19" title="19"><span class="co">#&gt; Unit: milliseconds</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-20" title="20"><span class="co">#&gt; expr min lq mean median uq max neval</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-21" title="21"><span class="co">#&gt; en 18.05 18.11 19.33 18.25 18.65 25.12 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-22" title="22"><span class="co">#&gt; de 30.15 30.84 43.57 31.08 72.47 73.96 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-23" title="23"><span class="co">#&gt; nl 30.30 30.63 34.96 30.71 30.73 73.40 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-24" title="24"><span class="co">#&gt; es 30.24 30.49 31.39 30.97 32.20 33.68 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-25" title="25"><span class="co">#&gt; it 30.53 30.71 31.18 30.83 31.71 32.38 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-26" title="26"><span class="co">#&gt; fr 29.64 30.49 35.32 30.84 32.25 73.00 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-27" title="27"><span class="co">#&gt; pt 30.73 30.81 39.47 31.09 32.29 73.25 10</span></a></code></pre></div>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-21" title="21"><span class="co">#&gt; en 19.22 19.33 20.42 19.58 19.84 28.13 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-22" title="22"><span class="co">#&gt; de 31.28 31.62 41.16 32.79 34.86 75.79 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-23" title="23"><span class="co">#&gt; nl 31.56 31.71 36.86 31.97 33.34 78.40 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-24" title="24"><span class="co">#&gt; es 31.32 31.94 42.76 32.98 41.72 81.33 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-25" title="25"><span class="co">#&gt; it 31.31 31.67 31.96 31.90 32.15 33.26 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-26" title="26"><span class="co">#&gt; fr 31.09 31.43 37.49 32.53 33.73 75.53 10</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-27" title="27"><span class="co">#&gt; pt 31.24 31.82 36.35 31.95 32.12 76.57 10</span></a></code></pre></div>
<p>Currently supported are German, Dutch, Spanish, Italian, French and Portuguese.</p>
</div>
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</button>
<span class="navbar-brand">
<a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">AMR (for R)</a>
<span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Released version">0.5.0.9023</span>
<span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Released version">0.5.0.9024</span>
</span>
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</button>
<span class="navbar-brand">
<a class="navbar-link" href="index.html">AMR (for R)</a>
<span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Released version">0.5.0.9023</span>
<span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Released version">0.5.0.9024</span>
</span>
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</button>
<span class="navbar-brand">
<a class="navbar-link" href="index.html">AMR (for R)</a>
<span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Released version">0.5.0.9023</span>
<span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Released version">0.5.0.9024</span>
</span>
</div>
@ -197,12 +197,12 @@
<p><em>(<help title="Too Long, Didn't Read">TLDR</help> - to find out how to conduct AMR analysis, please <a href="./articles/AMR.html">continue reading here to get started</a>.</em></p>
<hr>
<p><code>AMR</code> is a free and open-source <a href="https://www.r-project.org">R package</a> to simplify the analysis and prediction of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) and to work with microbial and antimicrobial properties by using evidence-based methods. It supports any data format, including WHONET/EARS-Net data.</p>
<p>After installing this package, R knows almost all ~60,000 microorganisms and ~500 antibiotics by name and code, and knows all about valid RSI and MIC values.</p>
<p>After installing this package, R knows ~65,000 microorganisms and ~500 antibiotics by name and code, and knows all about valid RSI and MIC values.</p>
<p><strong>Used to SPSS?</strong> Read our <a href="./articles/SPSS.html">tutorial on how to import data from SPSS, SAS or Stata</a> and learn in which ways R outclasses any of these statistical packages.</p>
<p>We created this package for both academic research and routine analysis at the Faculty of Medical Sciences of the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, and the Medical Microbiology &amp; Infection Prevention (MMBI) department of the University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG). This R package is actively maintained and is free software; you can freely use and distribute it for both personal and commercial (but <strong>not</strong> patent) purposes under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GPL-2), as published by the Free Software Foundation. Read the full license <a href="./LICENSE-text.html">here</a>.</p>
<p>This package can be used for:</p>
<ul>
<li>Reference for microorganisms, since it contains almost all 60,000 microbial (sub)species from the <a href="http://www.catalogueoflife.org">Catalogue of Life</a>
<li>Reference for microorganisms, since it contains all microbial (sub)species from the <a href="http://www.catalogueoflife.org">Catalogue of Life</a>
</li>
<li>Calculating antimicrobial resistance</li>
<li>Calculating empirical susceptibility of both mono therapy and combination therapy</li>
@ -313,7 +313,7 @@
<li>
<p>It <strong>cleanses existing data</strong> by providing new <em>classes</em> for microoganisms, antibiotics and antimicrobial results (both S/I/R and MIC). By installing this package, you teach R everything about microbiology that is needed for analysis. These functions all use intelligent rules to guess results that you would expect:</p>
<ul>
<li>Use <code><a href="reference/as.mo.html">as.mo()</a></code> to get an ID of a microorganism. The IDs are human readable for the trained eye - the ID of <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> is “B_KLBSL_PNE” (B stands for Bacteria) and the ID of <em>S. aureus</em> is “B_STPHY_AUR”. The function takes almost any text as input that looks like the name or code of a microorganism like “E. coli”, “esco” or “esccol” and tries to find expected results using intelligent rules combined with the included Catalogue of Life data set, consisting of almost 60,000 microorganisms. It only takes milliseconds to find results, please see our <a href="./articles/benchmarks.html">benchmarks</a>. Moreover, it can group <em>Staphylococci</em> into coagulase negative and positive (CoNS and CoPS, see <a href="./reference/as.mo.html#source">source</a>) and can categorise <em>Streptococci</em> into Lancefield groups (like beta-haemolytic <em>Streptococcus</em> Group B, <a href="./reference/as.mo.html#source">source</a>).</li>
<li>Use <code><a href="reference/as.mo.html">as.mo()</a></code> to get an ID of a microorganism. The IDs are human readable for the trained eye - the ID of <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> is “B_KLBSL_PNE” (B stands for Bacteria) and the ID of <em>S. aureus</em> is “B_STPHY_AUR”. The function takes almost any text as input that looks like the name or code of a microorganism like “E. coli”, “esco” or “esccol” and tries to find expected results using intelligent rules combined with the included Catalogue of Life data set. It only takes milliseconds to find results, please see our <a href="./articles/benchmarks.html">benchmarks</a>. Moreover, it can group <em>Staphylococci</em> into coagulase negative and positive (CoNS and CoPS, see <a href="./reference/as.mo.html#source">source</a>) and can categorise <em>Streptococci</em> into Lancefield groups (like beta-haemolytic <em>Streptococcus</em> Group B, <a href="./reference/as.mo.html#source">source</a>).</li>
<li>Use <code><a href="reference/as.rsi.html">as.rsi()</a></code> to transform values to valid antimicrobial results. It produces just S, I or R based on your input and warns about invalid values. Even values like “&lt;=0.002; S” (combined MIC/RSI) will result in “S”.</li>
<li>Use <code><a href="reference/as.mic.html">as.mic()</a></code> to cleanse your MIC values. It produces a so-called factor (called <em>ordinal</em> in SPSS) with valid MIC values as levels. A value like “&lt;=0.002; S” (combined MIC/RSI) will result in “&lt;=0.002”.</li>
<li>Use <code><a href="reference/as.atc.html">as.atc()</a></code> to get the ATC code of an antibiotic as defined by the WHO. This package contains a database with most LIS codes, official names, DDDs and even trade names of antibiotics. For example, the values “Furabid”, “Furadantin”, “nitro” all return the ATC code of Nitrofurantoine.</li>
@ -329,7 +329,7 @@
</ul>
</li>
<li>Use <code><a href="reference/mdro.html">mdro()</a></code> (abbreviation of Multi Drug Resistant Organisms) to check your isolates for exceptional resistance with country-specific guidelines or EUCAST rules. Currently, national guidelines for Germany and the Netherlands are supported.</li>
<li>The <a href="./reference/microorganisms.html">data set <code>microorganisms</code></a> contains the complete taxonomic tree of almost 60,000 microorganisms. Furthermore, the colloquial name and Gram stain are available, which enables resistance analysis of e.g. different antibiotics per Gram stain. The package also contains functions to look up values in this data set like <code><a href="reference/mo_property.html">mo_genus()</a></code>, <code><a href="reference/mo_property.html">mo_family()</a></code>, <code><a href="reference/mo_property.html">mo_gramstain()</a></code> or even <code><a href="reference/mo_property.html">mo_phylum()</a></code>. As they use <code><a href="reference/as.mo.html">as.mo()</a></code> internally, they also use the same intelligent rules for determination. For example, <code><a href="reference/mo_property.html">mo_genus("MRSA")</a></code> and <code><a href="reference/mo_property.html">mo_genus("S. aureus")</a></code> will both return <code>"Staphylococcus"</code>. They also come with support for German, Dutch, Spanish, Italian, French and Portuguese. These functions can be used to add new variables to your data.</li>
<li>The <a href="./reference/microorganisms.html">data set <code>microorganisms</code></a> contains the complete taxonomic tree of ~65,000 microorganisms. Furthermore, some colloquial names and all Gram stains are available, which enables resistance analysis of e.g. different antibiotics per Gram stain. The package also contains functions to look up values in this data set like <code><a href="reference/mo_property.html">mo_genus()</a></code>, <code><a href="reference/mo_property.html">mo_family()</a></code>, <code><a href="reference/mo_property.html">mo_gramstain()</a></code> or even <code><a href="reference/mo_property.html">mo_phylum()</a></code>. As they use <code><a href="reference/as.mo.html">as.mo()</a></code> internally, they also use the same intelligent rules for determination. For example, <code><a href="reference/mo_property.html">mo_genus("MRSA")</a></code> and <code><a href="reference/mo_property.html">mo_genus("S. aureus")</a></code> will both return <code>"Staphylococcus"</code>. They also come with support for German, Dutch, Spanish, Italian, French and Portuguese. These functions can be used to add new variables to your data.</li>
<li>The <a href="./reference/antibiotics.html">data set <code>antibiotics</code></a> contains almost 500 antimicrobial drugs with their ATC code, EARS-Net code, common LIS codes, official name, trivial name and DDD of both oral and parenteral administration. It also contains hundreds of trade names. Use functions like <code><a href="reference/atc_property.html">atc_name()</a></code> and <code><a href="reference/atc_property.html">atc_tradenames()</a></code> to look up values. The <code>atc_*</code> functions use <code><a href="reference/as.atc.html">as.atc()</a></code> internally so they support the same intelligent rules to guess the most probable result. For example, <code><a href="reference/atc_property.html">atc_name("Fluclox")</a></code>, <code><a href="reference/atc_property.html">atc_name("Floxapen")</a></code> and <code><a href="reference/atc_property.html">atc_name("J01CF05")</a></code> will all return <code>"Flucloxacillin"</code>. These functions can again be used to add new variables to your data.</li>
</ul>
</li>

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@ -78,7 +78,7 @@
</button>
<span class="navbar-brand">
<a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">AMR (for R)</a>
<span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Released version">0.5.0.9023</span>
<span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Released version">0.5.0.9024</span>
</span>
</div>

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@ -47,7 +47,7 @@
<script src="../extra.js"></script>
<meta property="og:title" content="Transform to microorganism ID — as.mo" />
<meta property="og:description" content="Use this function to determine a valid microorganism ID (mo). Determination is done using intelligent rules and the complete taxonomic kingdoms Bacteria, Chromista, Protozoa, Archaea, Viruses, and most microbial species from the kingdom Fungi (see Source). The input can be almost anything: a full name (like &quot;Staphylococcus aureus&quot;), an abbreviated name (like &quot;S. aureus&quot;), an abbreviation known in the field (like &quot;MRSA&quot;), or just a genus. Please see Examples." />
<meta property="og:description" content="Use this function to determine a valid microorganism ID (mo). Determination is done using intelligent rules and the complete taxonomic kingdoms Bacteria, Chromista, Protozoa, Archaea and most microbial species from the kingdom Fungi (see Source). The input can be almost anything: a full name (like &quot;Staphylococcus aureus&quot;), an abbreviated name (like &quot;S. aureus&quot;), an abbreviation known in the field (like &quot;MRSA&quot;), or just a genus. Please see Examples." />
<meta property="og:image" content="https://msberends.gitlab.io/AMR/logo.png" />
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" />
@ -80,7 +80,7 @@
</button>
<span class="navbar-brand">
<a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">AMR (for R)</a>
<span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Released version">0.5.0.9023</span>
<span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Released version">0.5.0.9024</span>
</span>
</div>
@ -237,7 +237,7 @@
<div class="ref-description">
<p>Use this function to determine a valid microorganism ID (<code>mo</code>). Determination is done using intelligent rules and the complete taxonomic kingdoms Bacteria, Chromista, Protozoa, Archaea, Viruses, and most microbial species from the kingdom Fungi (see Source). The input can be almost anything: a full name (like <code>"Staphylococcus aureus"</code>), an abbreviated name (like <code>"S. aureus"</code>), an abbreviation known in the field (like <code>"MRSA"</code>), or just a genus. Please see Examples.</p>
<p>Use this function to determine a valid microorganism ID (<code>mo</code>). Determination is done using intelligent rules and the complete taxonomic kingdoms Bacteria, Chromista, Protozoa, Archaea and most microbial species from the kingdom Fungi (see Source). The input can be almost anything: a full name (like <code>"Staphylococcus aureus"</code>), an abbreviated name (like <code>"S. aureus"</code>), an abbreviation known in the field (like <code>"MRSA"</code>), or just a genus. Please see Examples.</p>
</div>
@ -263,7 +263,7 @@
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Becker</th>
<td><p>a logical to indicate whether <em>Staphylococci</em> should be categorised into Coagulase Negative <em>Staphylococci</em> ("CoNS") and Coagulase Positive <em>Staphylococci</em> ("CoPS") instead of their own species, according to Karsten Becker <em>et al.</em> [1].</p>
<td><p>a logical to indicate whether <em>Staphylococci</em> should be categorised into Coagulase Negative <em>Staphylococci</em> ("CoNS") and Coagulase Positive <em>Staphylococci</em> ("CoPS") instead of their own species, according to Karsten Becker <em>et al.</em> [1]. Note that this does not include species that were newly named after this publication.</p>
<p>This excludes <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> at default, use <code>Becker = "all"</code> to also categorise <em>S. aureus</em> as "CoPS".</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
@ -304,17 +304,18 @@ A microbial ID from this package (class: <code>mo</code>) typically looks like t
| | ----&gt; species, a 3-4 letter acronym
| ----&gt; genus, a 5-7 letter acronym, mostly without vowels
----&gt; taxonomic kingdom: A (Archaea), AN (Animalia), B (Bacteria), C (Chromista),
F (Fungi), P (Protozoa), PL (Plantae) or V (Viruses)
F (Fungi), P (Protozoa) or PL (Plantae)
</pre>
<p>Values that cannot be coered will be considered 'unknown' and have an MO code <code>UNKNOWN</code>.</p>
<p>Use the <code><a href='mo_property.html'>mo_property</a>_*</code> functions to get properties based on the returned code, see Examples.</p>
<p>The algorithm uses data from the Catalogue of Life (see below) and from one other source (see <code><a href='microorganisms.html'>?microorganisms</a></code>).</p>
<p><strong>Self-learning algoritm</strong> <br />
The <code>as.mo()</code> function gains experience from previously determined microbial IDs and learns from it. This drastically improves both speed and reliability. Use <code>clean_mo_history()</code> to reset the algorithms. Only experience from your current <code>AMR</code> package version is used. This is done because in the future the taxonomic tree (which is included in this package) may change for any organism and it consequently has to rebuild its knowledge. Usually, any guess after the first try runs 90-95% faster than the first try. The algorithm saves its previous findings to <code>~/.Rhistory_mo</code>.</p>
<p><strong>Intelligent rules</strong> <br />
This function uses intelligent rules to help getting fast and logical results. It tries to find matches in this order:</p><ul>
<li><p>Valid MO codes and full names: it first searches in already valid MO code and known genus/species combinations</p></li>
<li><p>Human pathogenic prevalence: it first searches in more prevalent microorganisms, then less prevalent ones (see <em>Microbial prevalence of pathogens in humans</em> below)</p></li>
<li><p>Taxonomic kingdom: it first searches in Bacteria/Chromista, then Fungi, then Protozoa, then Viruses</p></li>
<li><p>Taxonomic kingdom: it first searches in Bacteria/Chromista, then Fungi, then Protozoa</p></li>
<li><p>Breakdown of input values: from here it starts to breakdown input values to find possible matches</p></li>
</ul>
<p>A couple of effects because of these rules:</p><ul>
@ -326,7 +327,6 @@ This function uses intelligent rules to help getting fast and logical results. I
The algorithm can additionally use three different levels of uncertainty to guess valid results. The default is <code>allow_uncertain = TRUE</code>, which is uqual to uncertainty level 2. Using <code>allow_uncertain = FALSE</code> will skip all of these additional rules:</p><ul>
<li><p>(uncertainty level 1): It tries to look for only matching genera</p></li>
<li><p>(uncertainty level 1): It tries to look for previously accepted (but now invalid) taxonomic names</p></li>
<li><p>(uncertainty level 1): It tries to look for some manual changes which are not (yet) published to the Catalogue of Life (like <em>Propionibacterium</em> being <em>Cutibacterium</em>)</p></li>
<li><p>(uncertainty level 2): It strips off values between brackets and the brackets itself, and re-evaluates the input with all previous rules</p></li>
<li><p>(uncertainty level 2): It strips off words from the end one by one and re-evaluates the input with all previous rules</p></li>
<li><p>(uncertainty level 3): It strips off words from the start one by one and re-evaluates the input with all previous rules</p></li>
@ -391,6 +391,12 @@ The <code><a href='mo_property.html'>mo_property</a></code> functions (like <cod
<span class='fu'>as.mo</span>(<span class='st'>"VISA"</span>) <span class='co'># Vancomycin Intermediate S. aureus</span>
<span class='fu'>as.mo</span>(<span class='st'>"VRSA"</span>) <span class='co'># Vancomycin Resistant S. aureus</span>
<span class='co'># Dyslexia is no problem - these all work:</span>
<span class='fu'>as.mo</span>(<span class='st'>"Ureaplasma urealyticum"</span>)
<span class='fu'>as.mo</span>(<span class='st'>"Ureaplasma urealyticus"</span>)
<span class='fu'>as.mo</span>(<span class='st'>"Ureaplasmium urealytica"</span>)
<span class='fu'>as.mo</span>(<span class='st'>"Ureaplazma urealitycium"</span>)
<span class='fu'>as.mo</span>(<span class='st'>"Streptococcus group A"</span>)
<span class='fu'>as.mo</span>(<span class='st'>"GAS"</span>) <span class='co'># Group A Streptococci</span>
<span class='fu'>as.mo</span>(<span class='st'>"GBS"</span>) <span class='co'># Group B Streptococci</span>
@ -401,13 +407,9 @@ The <code><a href='mo_property.html'>mo_property</a></code> functions (like <cod
<span class='fu'>as.mo</span>(<span class='st'>"S. pyogenes"</span>) <span class='co'># will remain species: B_STRPT_PYO</span>
<span class='fu'>as.mo</span>(<span class='st'>"S. pyogenes"</span>, <span class='kw'>Lancefield</span> <span class='kw'>=</span> <span class='fl'>TRUE</span>) <span class='co'># will not remain species: B_STRPT_GRA</span>
<span class='co'># Use mo_* functions to get a specific property based on `mo`</span>
<span class='no'>Ecoli</span> <span class='kw'>&lt;-</span> <span class='fu'>as.mo</span>(<span class='st'>"E. coli"</span>) <span class='co'># returns `B_ESCHR_COL`</span>
<span class='fu'><a href='mo_property.html'>mo_genus</a></span>(<span class='no'>Ecoli</span>) <span class='co'># returns "Escherichia"</span>
<span class='fu'><a href='mo_property.html'>mo_gramstain</a></span>(<span class='no'>Ecoli</span>) <span class='co'># returns "Gram negative"</span>
<span class='co'># but it uses as.mo internally too, so you could also just use:</span>
<span class='co'># All mo_* functions use as.mo() internally too (see ?mo_property):</span>
<span class='fu'><a href='mo_property.html'>mo_genus</a></span>(<span class='st'>"E. coli"</span>) <span class='co'># returns "Escherichia"</span>
<span class='fu'><a href='mo_property.html'>mo_gramstain</a></span>(<span class='st'>"E. coli"</span>) <span class='co'># returns "Gram negative"#'</span>
<span class='co'># }</span><span class='co'># NOT RUN {</span>
<span class='no'>df</span>$<span class='no'>mo</span> <span class='kw'>&lt;-</span> <span class='fu'>as.mo</span>(<span class='no'>df</span>$<span class='no'>microorganism_name</span>)

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@ -80,7 +80,7 @@
</button>
<span class="navbar-brand">
<a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">AMR (for R)</a>
<span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Released version">0.5.0.9023</span>
<span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Released version">0.5.0.9024</span>
</span>
</div>
@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ This package contains the complete taxonomic tree of almost all microorganisms (
<p>Included are:</p><ul>
<li><p>All ~55,000 (sub)species from the kingdoms of Archaea, Bacteria, Protozoa and Viruses</p></li>
<li><p>All ~55,000 (sub)species from the kingdoms of Archaea, Bacteria and Protozoa</p></li>
<li><p>All ~3,500 (sub)species from these orders of the kingdom of Fungi: Eurotiales, Onygenales, Pneumocystales, Saccharomycetales, Schizosaccharomycetales and Tremellales. The kingdom of Fungi is a very large taxon with almost 300,000 different (sub)species, of which most are not microbial (but rather macroscopic, like mushrooms). Because of this, not all fungi fit the scope of this package and including everything would tremendously slow down our algorithms too. By only including the aforementioned taxonomic orders, the most relevant fungi are covered (like all species of <em>Aspergillus</em>, <em>Candida</em>, <em>Cryptococcus</em>, <em>Histplasma</em>, <em>Pneumocystis</em>, <em>Saccharomyces</em> and <em>Trichophyton</em>).</p></li>
<li><p>All ~2,000 (sub)species from ~100 other relevant genera, from the kingdoms of Animalia and Plantae (like <em>Strongyloides</em> and <em>Taenia</em>)</p></li>
<li><p>All ~15,000 previously accepted names of included (sub)species that have been taxonomically renamed</p></li>
@ -268,6 +268,11 @@ This package contains the complete taxonomic tree of almost all microorganisms (
<p>On our website <a href='https://msberends.gitlab.io/AMR'>https://msberends.gitlab.io/AMR</a> you can find <a href='https://msberends.gitlab.io/AMR/articles/AMR.html'>a comprehensive tutorial</a> about how to conduct AMR analysis, the <a href='https://msberends.gitlab.io/AMR/reference'>complete documentation of all functions</a> (which reads a lot easier than here in R) and <a href='https://msberends.gitlab.io/AMR/articles/WHONET.html'>an example analysis using WHONET data</a>.</p>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="see-also"><a class="anchor" href="#see-also"></a>See also</h2>
<div class='dont-index'><p>Data set <code><a href='microorganisms.html'>microorganisms</a></code> for the actual data. <br />
Function <code><a href='as.mo.html'>as.mo</a>()</code> to use the data for intelligent determination of microorganisms.</p></div>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="examples"><a class="anchor" href="#examples"></a>Examples</h2>
<pre class="examples"><span class='co'># NOT RUN {</span>
@ -310,6 +315,8 @@ This package contains the complete taxonomic tree of almost all microorganisms (
<li><a href="#included-taxa">Included taxa</a></li>
<li><a href="#read-more-on-our-website-">Read more on our website!</a></li>
<li><a href="#see-also">See also</a></li>
<li><a href="#examples">Examples</a></li>
</ul>

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@ -47,7 +47,7 @@
<script src="../extra.js"></script>
<meta property="og:title" content="Version info of included Catalogue of Life — catalogue_of_life_version" />
<meta property="og:description" content="This function returns a list with info about the included data from the Catalogue of Life. It also shows if the included version is their latest annual release. The Catalogue of Life releases their annual release in March each year." />
<meta property="og:description" content="This function returns information about the included data from the Catalogue of Life. It also shows if the included version is their latest annual release. The Catalogue of Life releases their annual release in March each year." />
<meta property="og:image" content="https://msberends.gitlab.io/AMR/logo.png" />
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" />
@ -80,7 +80,7 @@
</button>
<span class="navbar-brand">
<a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">AMR (for R)</a>
<span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Released version">0.5.0.9023</span>
<span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Released version">0.5.0.9024</span>
</span>
</div>
@ -237,15 +237,20 @@
<div class="ref-description">
<p>This function returns a list with info about the included data from the Catalogue of Life. It also shows if the included version is their latest annual release. The Catalogue of Life releases their annual release in March each year.</p>
<p>This function returns information about the included data from the Catalogue of Life. It also shows if the included version is their latest annual release. The Catalogue of Life releases their annual release in March each year.</p>
</div>
<pre class="usage"><span class='fu'>catalogue_of_life_version</span>()</pre>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="value"><a class="anchor" href="#value"></a>Value</h2>
<p>a <code>list</code>, invisibly</p>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="details"><a class="anchor" href="#details"></a>Details</h2>
<p>The list item <code>is_latest_annual_release</code> is based on the system date.</p>
<p>For DSMZ, see <code><a href='microorganisms.html'>?microorganisms</a></code>.</p>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="catalogue-of-life"><a class="anchor" href="#catalogue-of-life"></a>Catalogue of Life</h2>
@ -275,6 +280,8 @@ This package contains the complete taxonomic tree of almost all microorganisms (
<h2>Contents</h2>
<ul class="nav nav-pills nav-stacked">
<li><a href="#value">Value</a></li>
<li><a href="#details">Details</a></li>
<li><a href="#catalogue-of-life">Catalogue of Life</a></li>

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@ -78,7 +78,7 @@
</button>
<span class="navbar-brand">
<a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">AMR (for R)</a>
<span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Released version">0.5.0.9023</span>
<span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Released version">0.5.0.9024</span>
</span>
</div>
@ -493,7 +493,7 @@
<td>
<p><code><a href="microorganisms.html">microorganisms</a></code> </p>
</td>
<td><p>Data set with ~60,000 microorganisms</p></td>
<td><p>Data set with ~65,000 microorganisms</p></td>
</tr><tr>
<td>

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@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Data set with ~60,000 microorganisms — microorganisms • AMR (for R)</title>
<title>Data set with ~65,000 microorganisms — microorganisms • AMR (for R)</title>
<!-- favicons -->
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="../favicon-16x16.png">
@ -45,7 +45,7 @@
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<meta property="og:description" content="A data set containing the microbial taxonomy of six kingdoms from the Catalogue of Life. MO codes can be looked up using as.mo." />
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<h1>Data set with ~60,000 microorganisms</h1>
<h1>Data set with ~65,000 microorganisms</h1>
<div class="hidden name"><code>microorganisms.Rd</code></div>
</div>
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<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="format"><a class="anchor" href="#format"></a>Format</h2>
<p>A <code><a href='https://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/base/topics/data.frame'>data.frame</a></code> with 59,985 observations and 15 variables:</p><dl class='dl-horizontal'>
<p>A <code><a href='https://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/base/topics/data.frame'>data.frame</a></code> with 65,629 observations and 16 variables:</p><dl class='dl-horizontal'>
<dt><code>mo</code></dt><dd><p>ID of microorganism as used by this package</p></dd>
<dt><code>col_id</code></dt><dd><p>Catalogue of Life ID</p></dd>
<dt><code>fullname</code></dt><dd><p>Full name, like <code>"Echerichia coli"</code></p></dd>
@ -260,21 +260,30 @@
<dt><code>rank</code></dt><dd><p>Taxonomic rank of the microorganism, like <code>"species"</code> or <code>"genus"</code></p></dd>
<dt><code>ref</code></dt><dd><p>Author(s) and year of concerning scientific publication</p></dd>
<dt><code>species_id</code></dt><dd><p>ID of the species as used by the Catalogue of Life</p></dd>
<dt><code>source</code></dt><dd><p>Either <code>"CoL"</code>, <code>"DSMZ"</code> (see source) or "manually added"</p></dd>
<dt><code>prevalence</code></dt><dd><p>Prevalence of the microorganism, see <code><a href='as.mo.html'>?as.mo</a></code></p></dd>
</dl>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="source"><a class="anchor" href="#source"></a>Source</h2>
<p>Catalogue of Life: Annual Checklist (public online database), <a href='www.catalogueoflife.org'>www.catalogueoflife.org</a>.</p>
<p>Catalogue of Life: Annual Checklist (public online taxonomic database), <a href='www.catalogueoflife.org'>www.catalogueoflife.org</a> (check included annual version with <code><a href='catalogue_of_life_version.html'>catalogue_of_life_version</a>()</code>).</p>
<p>Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Germany, Prokaryotic Nomenclature Up-to-Date, <a href='http://www.dsmz.de/bacterial-diversity/prokaryotic-nomenclature-up-to-date'>http://www.dsmz.de/bacterial-diversity/prokaryotic-nomenclature-up-to-date</a> (check included version with <code><a href='catalogue_of_life_version.html'>catalogue_of_life_version</a>()</code>).</p>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="details"><a class="anchor" href="#details"></a>Details</h2>
<p>Manually added were:</p><ul>
<li><p>9 species of <em>Streptococcus</em> (beta haemolytic groups A, B, C, D, F, G, H, K and unspecified)</p></li>
<li><p>2 species of <em>Staphylococcus</em> (coagulase-negative [CoNS] and coagulase-positive [CoPS])</p></li>
<li><p>2 other undefined (unknown Gram negatives and unknown Gram positives)</p></li>
<li><p>3 other undefined (unknown, unknown Gram negatives and unknown Gram positives)</p></li>
<li><p>8,830 species from the DSMZ (Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen) that are not in the Catalogue of Life</p></li>
</ul>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="about-the-records-from-dsmz-see-source-"><a class="anchor" href="#about-the-records-from-dsmz-see-source-"></a>About the records from DSMZ (see source)</h2>
<p>Names of prokaryotes are defined as being validly published by the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria. Validly published are all names which are included in the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names and the names subsequently published in the International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology (IJSB) and, from January 2000, in the International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (IJSEM) as original articles or in the validation lists.</p>
<p>From: <a href='https://www.dsmz.de/support/bacterial-nomenclature-up-to-date-downloads/readme.html'>https://www.dsmz.de/support/bacterial-nomenclature-up-to-date-downloads/readme.html</a></p>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="catalogue-of-life"><a class="anchor" href="#catalogue-of-life"></a>Catalogue of Life</h2>
@ -303,6 +312,8 @@ This package contains the complete taxonomic tree of almost all microorganisms (
<li><a href="#details">Details</a></li>
<li><a href="#about-the-records-from-dsmz-see-source-">About the records from DSMZ (see source)</a></li>
<li><a href="#catalogue-of-life">Catalogue of Life</a></li>
<li><a href="#read-more-on-our-website-">Read more on our website!</a></li>

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docs/reference/microorganisms.old.html
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</button>
<span class="navbar-brand">
<a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">AMR (for R)</a>
<span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Released version">0.5.0.9023</span>
<span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Released version">0.5.0.9024</span>
</span>
</div>
@ -245,7 +245,7 @@
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="format"><a class="anchor" href="#format"></a>Format</h2>
<p>A <code><a href='https://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/base/topics/data.frame'>data.frame</a></code> with 17,069 observations and 4 variables:</p><dl class='dl-horizontal'>
<p>A <code><a href='https://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/base/topics/data.frame'>data.frame</a></code> with 16,911 observations and 4 variables:</p><dl class='dl-horizontal'>
<dt><code>col_id</code></dt><dd><p>Catalogue of Life ID</p></dd>
<dt><code>tsn_new</code></dt><dd><p>New Catalogue of Life ID</p></dd>
<dt><code>fullname</code></dt><dd><p>Old taxonomic name of the microorganism</p></dd>

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docs/reference/mo_property.html
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</button>
<span class="navbar-brand">
<a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">AMR (for R)</a>
<span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Released version">0.5.0.9023</span>
<span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Released version">0.5.0.9024</span>
</span>
</div>
@ -296,7 +296,7 @@
</tr>
<tr>
<th>open</th>
<td><p>browse the URL using <code><a href='https://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/utils/topics/browseURL'>browseURL</a></code></p></td>
<td><p>browse the URL using <code><a href='https://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/utils/topics/browseURL'>browseURL</a>()</code></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>property</th>
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<li><p><code>mo_ref("Chlamydia psittaci")</code> will return <code>"Page, 1968"</code> (with a warning about the renaming)</p></li>
<li><p><code>mo_ref("Chlamydophila psittaci")</code> will return <code>"Everett et al., 1999"</code> (without a warning)</p></li>
</ul>
<p>The Gram stain - <code>mo_gramstain()</code> - will be determined on the taxonomic kingdom and phylum. According to Cavalier-Smith (2002) who defined subkingdoms Negibacteria and Posibacteria, only these phyla are Posibacteria: Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes and Tenericutes (ref: <a href='https://itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&amp;search_value=956097'>https://itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&amp;search_value=956097</a>). These bacteria are considered Gram positive - all other bacteria are considered Gram negative. Species outside the kingdom of Bacteria will return a value <code>NA</code>.</p>
<p>The function <code>mo_url()</code> will return the direct URL to the species in the Catalogue of Life.</p>
<p>The Gram stain - <code>mo_gramstain()</code> - will be determined on the taxonomic kingdom and phylum. According to Cavalier-Smith (2002) who defined subkingdoms Negibacteria and Posibacteria, only these phyla are Posibacteria: Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes and Tenericutes. These bacteria are considered Gram positive - all other bacteria are considered Gram negative. Species outside the kingdom of Bacteria will return a value <code>NA</code>.</p>
<p>The function <code>mo_url()</code> will return the direct URL to the online database entry, which also shows the scientific reference of the concerned species.</p>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="supported-languages"><a class="anchor" href="#supported-languages"></a>Supported languages</h2>
@ -403,7 +403,7 @@ This package contains the complete taxonomic tree of almost all microorganisms (
<span class='co'># Becker classification, see ?as.mo</span>
<span class='fu'>mo_fullname</span>(<span class='st'>"S. epi"</span>) <span class='co'># "Staphylococcus epidermidis"</span>
<span class='fu'>mo_fullname</span>(<span class='st'>"S. epi"</span>, <span class='kw'>Becker</span> <span class='kw'>=</span> <span class='fl'>TRUE</span>) <span class='co'># "Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus (CoNS)"</span>
<span class='fu'>mo_fullname</span>(<span class='st'>"S. epi"</span>, <span class='kw'>Becker</span> <span class='kw'>=</span> <span class='fl'>TRUE</span>) <span class='co'># "Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS)"</span>
<span class='fu'>mo_shortname</span>(<span class='st'>"S. epi"</span>) <span class='co'># "S. epidermidis"</span>
<span class='fu'>mo_shortname</span>(<span class='st'>"S. epi"</span>, <span class='kw'>Becker</span> <span class='kw'>=</span> <span class='fl'>TRUE</span>) <span class='co'># "CoNS"</span>