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<h1>Deprecated Functions</h1>
<small class="dont-index">Source: <a href='https://github.com/msberends/AMR/blob/main/R/deprecated.R'><code>R/deprecated.R</code></a></small>
<small class="dont-index">Source: <a href="https://github.com/msberends/AMR/blob/HEAD/R/deprecated.R" class="external-link"><code>R/deprecated.R</code></a></small>
<div class="hidden name"><code>AMR-deprecated.Rd</code></div>
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<div class="ref-description">
<p>These functions are so-called '<a href='https://rdrr.io/r/base/Deprecated.html'>Deprecated</a>'. <strong>They will be removed in a future release.</strong> Using the functions will give a warning with the name of the function it has been replaced by (if there is one).</p>
<p>These functions are so-called '<a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/Deprecated.html" class="external-link">Deprecated</a>'. <strong>They will be removed in a future release.</strong> Using the functions will give a warning with the name of the function it has been replaced by (if there is one).</p>
</div>
<div id="ref-usage">Usage,NULL</div>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="retired-lifecycle"><a class="anchor" href="#retired-lifecycle"></a>Retired Lifecycle</h2>
<div id="retired-lifecycle">
<h2>Retired Lifecycle</h2>
<p><img src='figures/lifecycle_retired.svg' style=margin-bottom:5px /> <br />
The <a href='lifecycle.html'>lifecycle</a> of this function is <strong>retired</strong>. A retired function is no longer under active development, and (if appropiate) a better alternative is available. No new arguments will be added, and only the most critical bugs will be fixed. In a future version, this function will be removed.</p>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="read-more-on-our-website-"><a class="anchor" href="#read-more-on-our-website-"></a>Read more on Our Website!</h2>
<p><img src="figures/lifecycle_retired.svg" style="margin-bottom:5px"><br>
The <a href="lifecycle.html">lifecycle</a> of this function is <strong>retired</strong>. A retired function is no longer under active development, and (if appropiate) a better alternative is available. No new arguments will be added, and only the most critical bugs will be fixed. In a future version, this function will be removed.</p>
</div>
<div id="read-more-on-our-website-">
<h2>Read more on Our Website!</h2>
<p>On our website <a href='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/'>https://msberends.github.io/AMR/</a> you can find <a href='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/AMR.html'>a comprehensive tutorial</a> about how to conduct AMR data analysis, the <a href='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/reference/'>complete documentation of all functions</a> and <a href='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/WHONET.html'>an example analysis using WHONET data</a>.</p>
<p>On our website <a href="https://msberends.github.io/AMR/">https://msberends.github.io/AMR/</a> you can find <a href="https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/AMR.html">a comprehensive tutorial</a> about how to conduct AMR data analysis, the <a href="https://msberends.github.io/AMR/reference/">complete documentation of all functions</a> and <a href="https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/WHONET.html">an example analysis using WHONET data</a>.</p>
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<span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Latest development version">1.7.1.9053</span>
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<h1>The <code>AMR</code> Package</h1>
<small class="dont-index">Source: <a href='https://github.com/msberends/AMR/blob/master/R/amr.R'><code>R/amr.R</code></a></small>
<small class="dont-index">Source: <a href="https://github.com/msberends/AMR/blob/HEAD/R/amr.R" class="external-link"><code>R/amr.R</code></a></small>
<div class="hidden name"><code>AMR.Rd</code></div>
</div>
@ -238,15 +161,14 @@
<p>Welcome to the <code>AMR</code> package.</p>
</div>
<div id="ref-usage">Usage,NULL</div>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="details"><a class="anchor" href="#details"></a>Details</h2>
<div id="details">
<h2>Details</h2>
<p><code>AMR</code> is a free, open-source and independent <span style="R">R</span> package to simplify the analysis and prediction of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) and to work with microbial and antimicrobial data and properties, by using evidence-based methods. Our aim is to provide a standard for clean and reproducible antimicrobial resistance data analysis, that can therefore empower epidemiological analyses to continuously enable surveillance and treatment evaluation in any setting.</p>
<p>After installing this package, <span style="R">R</span> knows ~71,000 distinct microbial species and all ~560 antibiotic, antimycotic and antiviral drugs by name and code (including ATC, EARS-NET, LOINC and SNOMED CT), and knows all about valid R/SI and MIC values. It supports any data format, including WHONET/EARS-Net data.</p>
<p>This package is fully independent of any other <span style="R">R</span> package and works on Windows, macOS and Linux with all versions of <span style="R">R</span> since R-3.0.0 (April 2013). It was designed to work in any setting, including those with very limited resources. It was created for both routine data analysis and academic research at the Faculty of Medical Sciences of the University of Groningen, in collaboration with non-profit organisations Certe Medical Diagnostics and Advice and University Medical Center Groningen. This <span style="R">R</span> package is actively maintained and free software; you can freely use and distribute it for both personal and commercial (but not patent) purposes under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GPL-2), as published by the Free Software Foundation.</p>
<p>This package can be used for:</p><ul>
<li><p>Reference for the taxonomy of microorganisms, since the package contains all microbial (sub)species from the Catalogue of Life and List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature</p></li>
<p>This package can be used for:</p><ul><li><p>Reference for the taxonomy of microorganisms, since the package contains all microbial (sub)species from the Catalogue of Life and List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature</p></li>
<li><p>Interpreting raw MIC and disk diffusion values, based on the latest CLSI or EUCAST guidelines</p></li>
<li><p>Retrieving antimicrobial drug names, doses and forms of administration from clinical health care records</p></li>
<li><p>Determining first isolates to be used for AMR data analysis</p></li>
@ -262,60 +184,57 @@
<li><p>Getting LOINC codes of an antibiotic, or getting properties of an antibiotic based on a LOINC code</p></li>
<li><p>Machine reading the EUCAST and CLSI guidelines from 2011-2020 to translate MIC values and disk diffusion diameters to R/SI</p></li>
<li><p>Principal component analysis for AMR</p></li>
</ul>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="reference-data-publicly-available"><a class="anchor" href="#reference-data-publicly-available"></a>Reference Data Publicly Available</h2>
</ul></div>
<div id="reference-data-publicly-available">
<h2>Reference Data Publicly Available</h2>
<p>All reference data sets (about microorganisms, antibiotics, R/SI interpretation, EUCAST rules, etc.) in this <code>AMR</code> package are publicly and freely available. We continually export our data sets to formats for use in R, SPSS, SAS, Stata and Excel. We also supply flat files that are machine-readable and suitable for input in any software program, such as laboratory information systems. Please find <a href='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/datasets.html'>all download links on our website</a>, which is automatically updated with every code change.</p>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="read-more-on-our-website-"><a class="anchor" href="#read-more-on-our-website-"></a>Read more on Our Website!</h2>
<p>All reference data sets (about microorganisms, antibiotics, R/SI interpretation, EUCAST rules, etc.) in this <code>AMR</code> package are publicly and freely available. We continually export our data sets to formats for use in R, SPSS, SAS, Stata and Excel. We also supply flat files that are machine-readable and suitable for input in any software program, such as laboratory information systems. Please find <a href="https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/datasets.html">all download links on our website</a>, which is automatically updated with every code change.</p>
</div>
<div id="read-more-on-our-website-">
<h2>Read more on Our Website!</h2>
<p>On our website <a href='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/'>https://msberends.github.io/AMR/</a> you can find <a href='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/AMR.html'>a comprehensive tutorial</a> about how to conduct AMR data analysis, the <a href='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/reference/'>complete documentation of all functions</a> and <a href='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/WHONET.html'>an example analysis using WHONET data</a>.</p>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="contact-us"><a class="anchor" href="#contact-us"></a>Contact Us</h2>
<p>On our website <a href="https://msberends.github.io/AMR/">https://msberends.github.io/AMR/</a> you can find <a href="https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/AMR.html">a comprehensive tutorial</a> about how to conduct AMR data analysis, the <a href="https://msberends.github.io/AMR/reference/">complete documentation of all functions</a> and <a href="https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/WHONET.html">an example analysis using WHONET data</a>.</p>
</div>
<div id="contact-us">
<h2>Contact Us</h2>
<p>For suggestions, comments or questions, please contact us at:</p>
<p>Matthijs S. Berends <br />
m.s.berends [at] umcg [dot] nl <br />
<p>Matthijs S. Berends <br>
m.s.berends [at] umcg [dot] nl <br>
University of Groningen
Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention <br />
University Medical Center Groningen <br />
Post Office Box 30001 <br />
9700 RB Groningen <br />
Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention <br>
University Medical Center Groningen <br>
Post Office Box 30001 <br>
9700 RB Groningen <br>
The Netherlands
<a href='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/'>https://msberends.github.io/AMR/</a></p>
<p>If you have found a bug, please file a new issue at: <br />
<a href='https://github.com/msberends/AMR/issues'>https://github.com/msberends/AMR/issues</a></p>
<a href="https://msberends.github.io/AMR/">https://msberends.github.io/AMR/</a></p>
<p>If you have found a bug, please file a new issue at: <br><a href="https://github.com/msberends/AMR/issues" class="external-link">https://github.com/msberends/AMR/issues</a></p>
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<span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Latest development version">1.7.1.9030</span>
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<h1>WHOCC: WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology</h1>
<small class="dont-index">Source: <a href='https://github.com/msberends/AMR/blob/main/R/whocc.R'><code>R/whocc.R</code></a></small>
<small class="dont-index">Source: <a href="https://github.com/msberends/AMR/blob/HEAD/R/whocc.R" class="external-link"><code>R/whocc.R</code></a></small>
<div class="hidden name"><code>WHOCC.Rd</code></div>
</div>
@ -246,56 +161,54 @@
<p>All antimicrobial drugs and their official names, ATC codes, ATC groups and defined daily dose (DDD) are included in this package, using the WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology.</p>
</div>
<div id="ref-usage">Usage,NULL</div>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="whocc"><a class="anchor" href="#whocc"></a>WHOCC</h2>
<div id="whocc">
<h2>WHOCC</h2>
<p><img src='figures/logo_who.png' height=60px style=margin-bottom:5px /> <br />
This package contains <strong>all ~550 antibiotic, antimycotic and antiviral drugs</strong> and their Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) codes, ATC groups and Defined Daily Dose (DDD) from the World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology (WHOCC, <a href='https://www.whocc.no'>https://www.whocc.no</a>) and the Pharmaceuticals Community Register of the European Commission (<a href='https://ec.europa.eu/health/documents/community-register/html/reg_hum_atc.htm'>https://ec.europa.eu/health/documents/community-register/html/reg_hum_atc.htm</a>).</p>
<p><img src="figures/logo_who.png" height="60px" style="margin-bottom:5px"><br>
This package contains <strong>all ~550 antibiotic, antimycotic and antiviral drugs</strong> and their Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) codes, ATC groups and Defined Daily Dose (DDD) from the World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology (WHOCC, <a href="https://www.whocc.no" class="external-link">https://www.whocc.no</a>) and the Pharmaceuticals Community Register of the European Commission (<a href="https://ec.europa.eu/health/documents/community-register/html/reg_hum_atc.htm" class="external-link">https://ec.europa.eu/health/documents/community-register/html/reg_hum_atc.htm</a>).</p>
<p>These have become the gold standard for international drug utilisation monitoring and research.</p>
<p>The WHOCC is located in Oslo at the Norwegian Institute of Public Health and funded by the Norwegian government. The European Commission is the executive of the European Union and promotes its general interest.</p>
<p><strong>NOTE: The WHOCC copyright does not allow use for commercial purposes, unlike any other info from this package.</strong> See <a href='https://www.whocc.no/copyright_disclaimer/.'>https://www.whocc.no/copyright_disclaimer/.</a></p>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="read-more-on-our-website-"><a class="anchor" href="#read-more-on-our-website-"></a>Read more on Our Website!</h2>
<p><strong>NOTE: The WHOCC copyright does not allow use for commercial purposes, unlike any other info from this package.</strong> See <a href="https://www.whocc.no/copyright_disclaimer/." class="external-link">https://www.whocc.no/copyright_disclaimer/.</a></p>
</div>
<div id="read-more-on-our-website-">
<h2>Read more on Our Website!</h2>
<p>On our website <a href='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/'>https://msberends.github.io/AMR/</a> you can find <a href='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/AMR.html'>a comprehensive tutorial</a> about how to conduct AMR data analysis, the <a href='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/reference/'>complete documentation of all functions</a> and <a href='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/WHONET.html'>an example analysis using WHONET data</a>.</p>
<p>On our website <a href="https://msberends.github.io/AMR/">https://msberends.github.io/AMR/</a> you can find <a href="https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/AMR.html">a comprehensive tutorial</a> about how to conduct AMR data analysis, the <a href="https://msberends.github.io/AMR/reference/">complete documentation of all functions</a> and <a href="https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/WHONET.html">an example analysis using WHONET data</a>.</p>
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<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="examples"><a class="anchor" href="#examples"></a>Examples</h2>
<div class="ref-examples sourceCode"><pre class='sourceCode r'><code><span class='fu'><a href='as.ab.html'>as.ab</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='st'>"meropenem"</span><span class='op'>)</span>
<span class='fu'><a href='ab_property.html'>ab_name</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='st'>"J01DH02"</span><span class='op'>)</span>
<div id="ref-examples">
<h2>Examples</h2>
<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code><span class="fu"><a href="as.ab.html">as.ab</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="st">"meropenem"</span><span class="op">)</span>
<span class="fu"><a href="ab_property.html">ab_name</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="st">"J01DH02"</span><span class="op">)</span>
<span class='fu'><a href='ab_property.html'>ab_tradenames</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='st'>"flucloxacillin"</span><span class='op'>)</span>
<span class="fu"><a href="ab_property.html">ab_tradenames</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="st">"flucloxacillin"</span><span class="op">)</span>
</code></pre></div>
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<h1>Data Set with 500 Isolates - WHONET Example</h1>
<small class="dont-index">Source: <a href='https://github.com/msberends/AMR/blob/main/R/data.R'><code>R/data.R</code></a></small>
<small class="dont-index">Source: <a href="https://github.com/msberends/AMR/blob/HEAD/R/data.R" class="external-link"><code>R/data.R</code></a></small>
<div class="hidden name"><code>WHONET.Rd</code></div>
</div>
<div class="ref-description">
<p>This example data set has the exact same structure as an export file from WHONET. Such files can be used with this package, as this example data set shows. The antibiotic results are from our <a href='example_isolates.html'>example_isolates</a> data set. All patient names are created using online surname generators and are only in place for practice purposes.</p>
<p>This example data set has the exact same structure as an export file from WHONET. Such files can be used with this package, as this example data set shows. The antibiotic results are from our <a href="example_isolates.html">example_isolates</a> data set. All patient names are created using online surname generators and are only in place for practice purposes.</p>
</div>
<div class="ref-usage sourceCode"><pre class='sourceCode r'><code><span class='va'>WHONET</span></code></pre></div>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="format"><a class="anchor" href="#format"></a>Format</h2>
<p>A <a href='https://rdrr.io/r/base/data.frame.html'>data.frame</a> with 500 observations and 53 variables:</p><ul>
<li><p><code>Identification number</code><br /> ID of the sample</p></li>
<li><p><code>Specimen number</code><br /> ID of the specimen</p></li>
<li><p><code>Organism</code><br /> Name of the microorganism. Before analysis, you should transform this to a valid microbial class, using <code><a href='as.mo.html'>as.mo()</a></code>.</p></li>
<li><p><code>Country</code><br /> Country of origin</p></li>
<li><p><code>Laboratory</code><br /> Name of laboratory</p></li>
<li><p><code>Last name</code><br /> Fictitious last name of patient</p></li>
<li><p><code>First name</code><br /> Fictitious initial of patient</p></li>
<li><p><code>Sex</code><br /> Fictitious gender of patient</p></li>
<li><p><code>Age</code><br /> Fictitious age of patient</p></li>
<li><p><code>Age category</code><br /> Age group, can also be looked up using <code><a href='age_groups.html'>age_groups()</a></code></p></li>
<li><p><code>Date of admission</code><br /> <a href='https://rdrr.io/r/base/Dates.html'>Date</a> of hospital admission</p></li>
<li><p><code>Specimen date</code><br /> <a href='https://rdrr.io/r/base/Dates.html'>Date</a> when specimen was received at laboratory</p></li>
<li><p><code>Specimen type</code><br /> Specimen type or group</p></li>
<li><p><code>Specimen type (Numeric)</code><br /> Translation of <code>"Specimen type"</code></p></li>
<li><p><code>Reason</code><br /> Reason of request with Differential Diagnosis</p></li>
<li><p><code>Isolate number</code><br /> ID of isolate</p></li>
<li><p><code>Organism type</code><br /> Type of microorganism, can also be looked up using <code><a href='mo_property.html'>mo_type()</a></code></p></li>
<li><p><code>Serotype</code><br /> Serotype of microorganism</p></li>
<li><p><code>Beta-lactamase</code><br /> Microorganism produces beta-lactamase?</p></li>
<li><p><code>ESBL</code><br /> Microorganism produces extended spectrum beta-lactamase?</p></li>
<li><p><code>Carbapenemase</code><br /> Microorganism produces carbapenemase?</p></li>
<li><p><code>MRSA screening test</code><br /> Microorganism is possible MRSA?</p></li>
<li><p><code>Inducible clindamycin resistance</code><br /> Clindamycin can be induced?</p></li>
<li><p><code>Comment</code><br /> Other comments</p></li>
<li><p><code>Date of data entry</code><br /> <a href='https://rdrr.io/r/base/Dates.html'>Date</a> this data was entered in WHONET</p></li>
<li><p><code>AMP_ND10:CIP_EE</code><br /> 28 different antibiotics. You can lookup the abbreviations in the <a href='antibiotics.html'>antibiotics</a> data set, or use e.g. <code><a href='ab_property.html'>ab_name("AMP")</a></code> to get the official name immediately. Before analysis, you should transform this to a valid antibiotic class, using <code><a href='as.rsi.html'>as.rsi()</a></code>.</p></li>
</ul>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="reference-data-publicly-available"><a class="anchor" href="#reference-data-publicly-available"></a>Reference Data Publicly Available</h2>
<div id="ref-usage">Usage,<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code><span class="va">WHONET</span></code></pre></div></div>
<div id="format">
<h2>Format</h2>
<p>A <a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/data.frame.html" class="external-link">data.frame</a> with 500 observations and 53 variables:</p><ul><li><p><code>Identification number</code><br> ID of the sample</p></li>
<li><p><code>Specimen number</code><br> ID of the specimen</p></li>
<li><p><code>Organism</code><br> Name of the microorganism. Before analysis, you should transform this to a valid microbial class, using <code><a href="as.mo.html">as.mo()</a></code>.</p></li>
<li><p><code>Country</code><br> Country of origin</p></li>
<li><p><code>Laboratory</code><br> Name of laboratory</p></li>
<li><p><code>Last name</code><br> Fictitious last name of patient</p></li>
<li><p><code>First name</code><br> Fictitious initial of patient</p></li>
<li><p><code>Sex</code><br> Fictitious gender of patient</p></li>
<li><p><code>Age</code><br> Fictitious age of patient</p></li>
<li><p><code>Age category</code><br> Age group, can also be looked up using <code><a href="age_groups.html">age_groups()</a></code></p></li>
<li><p><code>Date of admission</code><br><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/Dates.html" class="external-link">Date</a> of hospital admission</p></li>
<li><p><code>Specimen date</code><br><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/Dates.html" class="external-link">Date</a> when specimen was received at laboratory</p></li>
<li><p><code>Specimen type</code><br> Specimen type or group</p></li>
<li><p><code>Specimen type (Numeric)</code><br> Translation of <code>"Specimen type"</code></p></li>
<li><p><code>Reason</code><br> Reason of request with Differential Diagnosis</p></li>
<li><p><code>Isolate number</code><br> ID of isolate</p></li>
<li><p><code>Organism type</code><br> Type of microorganism, can also be looked up using <code><a href="mo_property.html">mo_type()</a></code></p></li>
<li><p><code>Serotype</code><br> Serotype of microorganism</p></li>
<li><p><code>Beta-lactamase</code><br> Microorganism produces beta-lactamase?</p></li>
<li><p><code>ESBL</code><br> Microorganism produces extended spectrum beta-lactamase?</p></li>
<li><p><code>Carbapenemase</code><br> Microorganism produces carbapenemase?</p></li>
<li><p><code>MRSA screening test</code><br> Microorganism is possible MRSA?</p></li>
<li><p><code>Inducible clindamycin resistance</code><br> Clindamycin can be induced?</p></li>
<li><p><code>Comment</code><br> Other comments</p></li>
<li><p><code>Date of data entry</code><br><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/Dates.html" class="external-link">Date</a> this data was entered in WHONET</p></li>
<li><p><code>AMP_ND10:CIP_EE</code><br> 28 different antibiotics. You can lookup the abbreviations in the <a href="antibiotics.html">antibiotics</a> data set, or use e.g. <code><a href="ab_property.html">ab_name("AMP")</a></code> to get the official name immediately. Before analysis, you should transform this to a valid antibiotic class, using <code><a href="as.rsi.html">as.rsi()</a></code>.</p></li>
</ul></div>
<div id="reference-data-publicly-available">
<h2>Reference Data Publicly Available</h2>
<p>All reference data sets (about microorganisms, antibiotics, R/SI interpretation, EUCAST rules, etc.) in this <code>AMR</code> package are publicly and freely available. We continually export our data sets to formats for use in R, SPSS, SAS, Stata and Excel. We also supply flat files that are machine-readable and suitable for input in any software program, such as laboratory information systems. Please find <a href='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/datasets.html'>all download links on our website</a>, which is automatically updated with every code change.</p>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="read-more-on-our-website-"><a class="anchor" href="#read-more-on-our-website-"></a>Read more on Our Website!</h2>
<p>All reference data sets (about microorganisms, antibiotics, R/SI interpretation, EUCAST rules, etc.) in this <code>AMR</code> package are publicly and freely available. We continually export our data sets to formats for use in R, SPSS, SAS, Stata and Excel. We also supply flat files that are machine-readable and suitable for input in any software program, such as laboratory information systems. Please find <a href="https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/datasets.html">all download links on our website</a>, which is automatically updated with every code change.</p>
</div>
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<h1>Data Sets with 558 Antimicrobial Drugs</h1>
<small class="dont-index">Source: <a href='https://github.com/msberends/AMR/blob/master/R/data.R'><code>R/data.R</code></a></small>
<small class="dont-index">Source: <a href="https://github.com/msberends/AMR/blob/HEAD/R/data.R" class="external-link"><code>R/data.R</code></a></small>
<div class="hidden name"><code>antibiotics.Rd</code></div>
</div>
<div class="ref-description">
<p>Two data sets containing all antibiotics/antimycotics and antivirals. Use <code><a href='as.ab.html'>as.ab()</a></code> or one of the <code><a href='ab_property.html'>ab_*</a></code> functions to retrieve values from the antibiotics data set. Three identifiers are included in this data set: an antibiotic ID (<code>ab</code>, primarily used in this package) as defined by WHONET/EARS-Net, an ATC code (<code>atc</code>) as defined by the WHO, and a Compound ID (<code>cid</code>) as found in PubChem. Other properties in this data set are derived from one or more of these codes. Note that some drugs have multiple ATC codes.</p>
<p>Two data sets containing all antibiotics/antimycotics and antivirals. Use <code><a href="as.ab.html">as.ab()</a></code> or one of the <code><a href="ab_property.html">ab_*</a></code> functions to retrieve values from the antibiotics data set. Three identifiers are included in this data set: an antibiotic ID (<code>ab</code>, primarily used in this package) as defined by WHONET/EARS-Net, an ATC code (<code>atc</code>) as defined by the WHO, and a Compound ID (<code>cid</code>) as found in PubChem. Other properties in this data set are derived from one or more of these codes. Note that some drugs have multiple ATC codes.</p>
</div>
<pre class="usage"><span class='va'>antibiotics</span>
<div id="ref-usage">Usage,<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code><span class="va">antibiotics</span>
<span class='va'>antivirals</span></pre>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="format"><a class="anchor" href="#format"></a>Format</h2>
<span class="va">antivirals</span></code></pre></div></div>
<div id="format">
<h2>Format</h2>
<h3 class='hasAnchor' id='arguments'><a class='anchor' href='#arguments'></a>For the antibiotics data set: a <a href='https://rdrr.io/r/base/data.frame.html'>data.frame</a> with 456 observations and 14 variables:</h3>
<div class="section">
<h3 id="for-the-antibiotics-data-set-a-data-frame-with-observations-and-variables-">For the antibiotics data set: a <a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/data.frame.html" class="external-link">data.frame</a> with 456 observations and 14 variables:<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#for-the-antibiotics-data-set-a-data-frame-with-observations-and-variables-"></a></h3>
<ul>
<li><p><code>ab</code><br /> Antibiotic ID as used in this package (such as <code>AMC</code>), using the official EARS-Net (European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network) codes where available</p></li>
<li><p><code>cid</code><br /> Compound ID as found in PubChem</p></li>
<li><p><code>name</code><br /> Official name as used by WHONET/EARS-Net or the WHO</p></li>
<li><p><code>group</code><br /> A short and concise group name, based on WHONET and WHOCC definitions</p></li>
<li><p><code>atc</code><br /> ATC codes (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical) as defined by the WHOCC, like <code>J01CR02</code></p></li>
<li><p><code>atc_group1</code><br /> Official pharmacological subgroup (3rd level ATC code) as defined by the WHOCC, like <code>"Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins"</code></p></li>
<li><p><code>atc_group2</code><br /> Official chemical subgroup (4th level ATC code) as defined by the WHOCC, like <code>"Macrolides"</code></p></li>
<li><p><code>abbr</code><br /> List of abbreviations as used in many countries, also for antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST)</p></li>
<li><p><code>synonyms</code><br /> Synonyms (often trade names) of a drug, as found in PubChem based on their compound ID</p></li>
<li><p><code>oral_ddd</code><br /> Defined Daily Dose (DDD), oral treatment, currently available for 170 drugs</p></li>
<li><p><code>oral_units</code><br /> Units of <code>oral_ddd</code></p></li>
<li><p><code>iv_ddd</code><br /> Defined Daily Dose (DDD), parenteral (intravenous) treatment, currently available for 145 drugs</p></li>
<li><p><code>iv_units</code><br /> Units of <code>iv_ddd</code></p></li>
<li><p><code>loinc</code><br /> All LOINC codes (Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes) associated with the name of the antimicrobial agent. Use <code><a href='ab_property.html'>ab_loinc()</a></code> to retrieve them quickly, see <code><a href='ab_property.html'>ab_property()</a></code>.</p></li>
</ul>
<ul><li><p><code>ab</code><br> Antibiotic ID as used in this package (such as <code>AMC</code>), using the official EARS-Net (European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network) codes where available</p></li>
<li><p><code>cid</code><br> Compound ID as found in PubChem</p></li>
<li><p><code>name</code><br> Official name as used by WHONET/EARS-Net or the WHO</p></li>
<li><p><code>group</code><br> A short and concise group name, based on WHONET and WHOCC definitions</p></li>
<li><p><code>atc</code><br> ATC codes (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical) as defined by the WHOCC, like <code>J01CR02</code></p></li>
<li><p><code>atc_group1</code><br> Official pharmacological subgroup (3rd level ATC code) as defined by the WHOCC, like <code>"Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins"</code></p></li>
<li><p><code>atc_group2</code><br> Official chemical subgroup (4th level ATC code) as defined by the WHOCC, like <code>"Macrolides"</code></p></li>
<li><p><code>abbr</code><br> List of abbreviations as used in many countries, also for antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST)</p></li>
<li><p><code>synonyms</code><br> Synonyms (often trade names) of a drug, as found in PubChem based on their compound ID</p></li>
<li><p><code>oral_ddd</code><br> Defined Daily Dose (DDD), oral treatment, currently available for 170 drugs</p></li>
<li><p><code>oral_units</code><br> Units of <code>oral_ddd</code></p></li>
<li><p><code>iv_ddd</code><br> Defined Daily Dose (DDD), parenteral (intravenous) treatment, currently available for 145 drugs</p></li>
<li><p><code>iv_units</code><br> Units of <code>iv_ddd</code></p></li>
<li><p><code>loinc</code><br> All LOINC codes (Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes) associated with the name of the antimicrobial agent. Use <code><a href="ab_property.html">ab_loinc()</a></code> to retrieve them quickly, see <code><a href="ab_property.html">ab_property()</a></code>.</p></li>
</ul></div>
<div class="section">
<h3 id="for-the-antivirals-data-set-a-data-frame-with-observations-and-variables-">For the antivirals data set: a <a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/data.frame.html" class="external-link">data.frame</a> with 102 observations and 9 variables:<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#for-the-antivirals-data-set-a-data-frame-with-observations-and-variables-"></a></h3>
<h3 class='hasAnchor' id='arguments'><a class='anchor' href='#arguments'></a>For the antivirals data set: a <a href='https://rdrr.io/r/base/data.frame.html'>data.frame</a> with 102 observations and 9 variables:</h3>
<ul>
<li><p><code>atc</code><br /> ATC codes (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical) as defined by the WHOCC</p></li>
<li><p><code>cid</code><br /> Compound ID as found in PubChem</p></li>
<li><p><code>name</code><br /> Official name as used by WHONET/EARS-Net or the WHO</p></li>
<li><p><code>atc_group</code><br /> Official pharmacological subgroup (3rd level ATC code) as defined by the WHOCC</p></li>
<li><p><code>synonyms</code><br /> Synonyms (often trade names) of a drug, as found in PubChem based on their compound ID</p></li>
<li><p><code>oral_ddd</code><br /> Defined Daily Dose (DDD), oral treatment</p></li>
<li><p><code>oral_units</code><br /> Units of <code>oral_ddd</code></p></li>
<li><p><code>iv_ddd</code><br /> Defined Daily Dose (DDD), parenteral treatment</p></li>
<li><p><code>iv_units</code><br /> Units of <code>iv_ddd</code></p></li>
</ul>
<ul><li><p><code>atc</code><br> ATC codes (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical) as defined by the WHOCC</p></li>
<li><p><code>cid</code><br> Compound ID as found in PubChem</p></li>
<li><p><code>name</code><br> Official name as used by WHONET/EARS-Net or the WHO</p></li>
<li><p><code>atc_group</code><br> Official pharmacological subgroup (3rd level ATC code) as defined by the WHOCC</p></li>
<li><p><code>synonyms</code><br> Synonyms (often trade names) of a drug, as found in PubChem based on their compound ID</p></li>
<li><p><code>oral_ddd</code><br> Defined Daily Dose (DDD), oral treatment</p></li>
<li><p><code>oral_units</code><br> Units of <code>oral_ddd</code></p></li>
<li><p><code>iv_ddd</code><br> Defined Daily Dose (DDD), parenteral treatment</p></li>
<li><p><code>iv_units</code><br> Units of <code>iv_ddd</code></p></li>
</ul></div>
<p>An object of class <code>data.frame</code> with 102 rows and 9 columns.</p>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="source"><a class="anchor" href="#source"></a>Source</h2>
<p>World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology (WHOCC): <a href='https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/'>https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/</a></p>
<p>WHONET 2019 software: <a href='http://www.whonet.org/software.html'>http://www.whonet.org/software.html</a></p>
<p>European Commission Public Health PHARMACEUTICALS - COMMUNITY REGISTER: <a href='https://ec.europa.eu/health/documents/community-register/html/reg_hum_atc.htm'>https://ec.europa.eu/health/documents/community-register/html/reg_hum_atc.htm</a></p>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="details"><a class="anchor" href="#details"></a>Details</h2>
</div>
<div id="source">
<h2>Source</h2>
<p>World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology (WHOCC): <a href="https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/" class="external-link">https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/</a></p>
<p>WHONET 2019 software: <a href="http://www.whonet.org/software.html" class="external-link">http://www.whonet.org/software.html</a></p>
<p>European Commission Public Health PHARMACEUTICALS - COMMUNITY REGISTER: <a href="https://ec.europa.eu/health/documents/community-register/html/reg_hum_atc.htm" class="external-link">https://ec.europa.eu/health/documents/community-register/html/reg_hum_atc.htm</a></p>
</div>
<div id="details">
<h2>Details</h2>
<p>Properties that are based on an ATC code are only available when an ATC is available. These properties are: <code>atc_group1</code>, <code>atc_group2</code>, <code>oral_ddd</code>, <code>oral_units</code>, <code>iv_ddd</code> and <code>iv_units</code>.</p>
<p>Synonyms (i.e. trade names) were derived from the Compound ID (<code>cid</code>) and consequently only available where a CID is available.</p><h3 class='hasAnchor' id='arguments'><a class='anchor' href='#arguments'></a>Direct download</h3>
<p>Synonyms (i.e. trade names) were derived from the Compound ID (<code>cid</code>) and consequently only available where a CID is available.</p><div class="section">
<h3 id="direct-download">Direct download<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#direct-download"></a></h3>
<p>These data sets are available as 'flat files' for use even without <span style="R">R</span> - you can find the files here:</p><ul>
<li><p><a href='https://github.com/msberends/AMR/raw/main/data-raw/antibiotics.txt'>https://github.com/msberends/AMR/raw/main/data-raw/antibiotics.txt</a></p></li>
<li><p><a href='https://github.com/msberends/AMR/raw/main/data-raw/antivirals.txt'>https://github.com/msberends/AMR/raw/main/data-raw/antivirals.txt</a></p></li>
</ul>
<p>Files in <span style="R">R</span> format (with preserved data structure) can be found here:</p><ul>
<li><p><a href='https://github.com/msberends/AMR/raw/main/data/antibiotics.rda'>https://github.com/msberends/AMR/raw/main/data/antibiotics.rda</a></p></li>
<li><p><a href='https://github.com/msberends/AMR/raw/main/data/antivirals.rda'>https://github.com/msberends/AMR/raw/main/data/antivirals.rda</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="reference-data-publicly-available"><a class="anchor" href="#reference-data-publicly-available"></a>Reference Data Publicly Available</h2>
<p>These data sets are available as 'flat files' for use even without <span style="R">R</span> - you can find the files here:</p><ul><li><p><a href="https://github.com/msberends/AMR/raw/main/data-raw/antibiotics.txt" class="external-link">https://github.com/msberends/AMR/raw/main/data-raw/antibiotics.txt</a></p></li>
<li><p><a href="https://github.com/msberends/AMR/raw/main/data-raw/antivirals.txt" class="external-link">https://github.com/msberends/AMR/raw/main/data-raw/antivirals.txt</a></p></li>
</ul><p>Files in <span style="R">R</span> format (with preserved data structure) can be found here:</p><ul><li><p><a href="https://github.com/msberends/AMR/raw/main/data/antibiotics.rda" class="external-link">https://github.com/msberends/AMR/raw/main/data/antibiotics.rda</a></p></li>
<li><p><a href="https://github.com/msberends/AMR/raw/main/data/antivirals.rda" class="external-link">https://github.com/msberends/AMR/raw/main/data/antivirals.rda</a></p></li>
</ul></div>
</div>
<div id="reference-data-publicly-available">
<h2>Reference Data Publicly Available</h2>
<p>All reference data sets (about microorganisms, antibiotics, R/SI interpretation, EUCAST rules, etc.) in this <code>AMR</code> package are publicly and freely available. We continually export our data sets to formats for use in R, SPSS, SAS, Stata and Excel. We also supply flat files that are machine-readable and suitable for input in any software program, such as laboratory information systems. Please find <a href='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/datasets.html'>all download links on our website</a>, which is automatically updated with every code change.</p>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="whocc"><a class="anchor" href="#whocc"></a>WHOCC</h2>
<p>All reference data sets (about microorganisms, antibiotics, R/SI interpretation, EUCAST rules, etc.) in this <code>AMR</code> package are publicly and freely available. We continually export our data sets to formats for use in R, SPSS, SAS, Stata and Excel. We also supply flat files that are machine-readable and suitable for input in any software program, such as laboratory information systems. Please find <a href="https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/datasets.html">all download links on our website</a>, which is automatically updated with every code change.</p>
</div>
<div id="whocc">
<h2>WHOCC</h2>
<p><img src='figures/logo_who.png' height=60px style=margin-bottom:5px /> <br />
This package contains <strong>all ~550 antibiotic, antimycotic and antiviral drugs</strong> and their Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) codes, ATC groups and Defined Daily Dose (DDD) from the World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology (WHOCC, <a href='https://www.whocc.no'>https://www.whocc.no</a>) and the Pharmaceuticals Community Register of the European Commission (<a href='https://ec.europa.eu/health/documents/community-register/html/reg_hum_atc.htm'>https://ec.europa.eu/health/documents/community-register/html/reg_hum_atc.htm</a>).</p>
<p><img src="figures/logo_who.png" height="60px" style="margin-bottom:5px"><br>
This package contains <strong>all ~550 antibiotic, antimycotic and antiviral drugs</strong> and their Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) codes, ATC groups and Defined Daily Dose (DDD) from the World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology (WHOCC, <a href="https://www.whocc.no" class="external-link">https://www.whocc.no</a>) and the Pharmaceuticals Community Register of the European Commission (<a href="https://ec.europa.eu/health/documents/community-register/html/reg_hum_atc.htm" class="external-link">https://ec.europa.eu/health/documents/community-register/html/reg_hum_atc.htm</a>).</p>
<p>These have become the gold standard for international drug utilisation monitoring and research.</p>
<p>The WHOCC is located in Oslo at the Norwegian Institute of Public Health and funded by the Norwegian government. The European Commission is the executive of the European Union and promotes its general interest.</p>
<p><strong>NOTE: The WHOCC copyright does not allow use for commercial purposes, unlike any other info from this package.</strong> See <a href='https://www.whocc.no/copyright_disclaimer/.'>https://www.whocc.no/copyright_disclaimer/.</a></p>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="read-more-on-our-website-"><a class="anchor" href="#read-more-on-our-website-"></a>Read more on Our Website!</h2>
<p><strong>NOTE: The WHOCC copyright does not allow use for commercial purposes, unlike any other info from this package.</strong> See <a href="https://www.whocc.no/copyright_disclaimer/." class="external-link">https://www.whocc.no/copyright_disclaimer/.</a></p>
</div>
<div id="read-more-on-our-website-">
<h2>Read more on Our Website!</h2>
<p>On our website <a href='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/'>https://msberends.github.io/AMR/</a> you can find <a href='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/AMR.html'>a comprehensive tutorial</a> about how to conduct AMR data analysis, the <a href='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/reference/'>complete documentation of all functions</a> and <a href='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/WHONET.html'>an example analysis using WHONET data</a>.</p>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="see-also"><a class="anchor" href="#see-also"></a>See also</h2>
<div class='dont-index'><p><a href='microorganisms.html'>microorganisms</a>, <a href='intrinsic_resistant.html'>intrinsic_resistant</a></p></div>
<p>On our website <a href="https://msberends.github.io/AMR/">https://msberends.github.io/AMR/</a> you can find <a href="https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/AMR.html">a comprehensive tutorial</a> about how to conduct AMR data analysis, the <a href="https://msberends.github.io/AMR/reference/">complete documentation of all functions</a> and <a href="https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/WHONET.html">an example analysis using WHONET data</a>.</p>
</div>
<div id="see-also">
<h2>See also</h2>
<div class="dont-index"><p><a href="microorganisms.html">microorganisms</a>, <a href="intrinsic_resistant.html">intrinsic_resistant</a></p></div>
</div>
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@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ This package contains <strong>all ~550 antibiotic, antimycotic and antiviral dru
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<h1>The Catalogue of Life</h1>
<small class="dont-index">Source: <a href='https://github.com/msberends/AMR/blob/master/R/catalogue_of_life.R'><code>R/catalogue_of_life.R</code></a></small>
<small class="dont-index">Source: <a href="https://github.com/msberends/AMR/blob/HEAD/R/catalogue_of_life.R" class="external-link"><code>R/catalogue_of_life.R</code></a></small>
<div class="hidden name"><code>catalogue_of_life.Rd</code></div>
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@ -238,95 +161,94 @@
<p>This package contains the complete taxonomic tree (last updated: 5 October 2021) of almost all microorganisms from the authoritative and comprehensive Catalogue of Life (CoL), supplemented with data from the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN).</p>
</div>
<div id="ref-usage">Usage,NULL</div>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="catalogue-of-life"><a class="anchor" href="#catalogue-of-life"></a>Catalogue of Life</h2>
<div id="catalogue-of-life">
<h2>Catalogue of Life</h2>
<p><img src='figures/logo_col.png' height=40px style=margin-bottom:5px /> <br />
This package contains the complete taxonomic tree of almost all microorganisms (~71,000 species) from the authoritative and comprehensive Catalogue of Life (CoL, <a href='http://www.catalogueoflife.org'>http://www.catalogueoflife.org</a>). The CoL is the most comprehensive and authoritative global index of species currently available. Nonetheless, we supplemented the CoL data with data from the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN, <a href='https://lpsn.dsmz.de'>lpsn.dsmz.de</a>). This supplementation is needed until the <a href='https://github.com/CatalogueOfLife/general'>CoL+ project</a> is finished, which we await.</p>
<p>Click here for more information about the included taxa. Check which versions of the CoL and LPSN were included in this package with <code><a href='catalogue_of_life_version.html'>catalogue_of_life_version()</a></code>.</p>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="included-taxa"><a class="anchor" href="#included-taxa"></a>Included Taxa</h2>
<p><img src="figures/logo_col.png" height="40px" style="margin-bottom:5px"><br>
This package contains the complete taxonomic tree of almost all microorganisms (~71,000 species) from the authoritative and comprehensive Catalogue of Life (CoL, <a href="http://www.catalogueoflife.org" class="external-link">http://www.catalogueoflife.org</a>). The CoL is the most comprehensive and authoritative global index of species currently available. Nonetheless, we supplemented the CoL data with data from the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN, <a href="https://lpsn.dsmz.de" class="external-link">lpsn.dsmz.de</a>). This supplementation is needed until the <a href="https://github.com/CatalogueOfLife/general" class="external-link">CoL+ project</a> is finished, which we await.</p>
<p>Click here for more information about the included taxa. Check which versions of the CoL and LPSN were included in this package with <code><a href="catalogue_of_life_version.html">catalogue_of_life_version()</a></code>.</p>
</div>
<div id="included-taxa">
<h2>Included Taxa</h2>
<p>Included are:</p><ul>
<li><p>All ~58,000 (sub)species from the kingdoms of Archaea, Bacteria, Chromista and Protozoa</p></li>
<p>Included are:</p><ul><li><p>All ~58,000 (sub)species from the kingdoms of Archaea, Bacteria, Chromista and Protozoa</p></li>
<li><p>All ~5,000 (sub)species from these orders of the kingdom of Fungi: Eurotiales, Microascales, Mucorales, Onygenales, Pneumocystales, Saccharomycetales, Schizosaccharomycetales and Tremellales, as well as ~4,600 other fungal (sub)species. The kingdom of Fungi is a very large taxon with almost 300,000 different (sub)species, of which most are not microbial (but rather macroscopic, like mushrooms). Because of this, not all fungi fit the scope of this package and including everything would tremendously slow down our algorithms too. By only including the aforementioned taxonomic orders, the most relevant fungi are covered (such as all species of <em>Aspergillus</em>, <em>Candida</em>, <em>Cryptococcus</em>, <em>Histplasma</em>, <em>Pneumocystis</em>, <em>Saccharomyces</em> and <em>Trichophyton</em>).</p></li>
<li><p>All ~2,200 (sub)species from ~50 other relevant genera from the kingdom of Animalia (such as <em>Strongyloides</em> and <em>Taenia</em>)</p></li>
<li><p>All ~14,000 previously accepted names of all included (sub)species (these were taxonomically renamed)</p></li>
<li><p>The complete taxonomic tree of all included (sub)species: from kingdom to subspecies</p></li>
<li><p>The responsible author(s) and year of scientific publication</p></li>
</ul>
<p>The Catalogue of Life (<a href='http://www.catalogueoflife.org'>http://www.catalogueoflife.org</a>) is the most comprehensive and authoritative global index of species currently available. It holds essential information on the names, relationships and distributions of over 1.9 million species. The Catalogue of Life is used to support the major biodiversity and conservation information services such as the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), Encyclopedia of Life (EoL) and the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List. It is recognised by the Convention on Biological Diversity as a significant component of the Global Taxonomy Initiative and a contribution to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation.</p>
<p>The syntax used to transform the original data to a cleansed <span style="R">R</span> format, can be found here: <a href='https://github.com/msberends/AMR/blob/main/data-raw/reproduction_of_microorganisms.R'>https://github.com/msberends/AMR/blob/main/data-raw/reproduction_of_microorganisms.R</a>.</p>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="read-more-on-our-website-"><a class="anchor" href="#read-more-on-our-website-"></a>Read more on Our Website!</h2>
</ul><p>The Catalogue of Life (<a href="http://www.catalogueoflife.org" class="external-link">http://www.catalogueoflife.org</a>) is the most comprehensive and authoritative global index of species currently available. It holds essential information on the names, relationships and distributions of over 1.9 million species. The Catalogue of Life is used to support the major biodiversity and conservation information services such as the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), Encyclopedia of Life (EoL) and the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List. It is recognised by the Convention on Biological Diversity as a significant component of the Global Taxonomy Initiative and a contribution to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation.</p>
<p>The syntax used to transform the original data to a cleansed <span style="R">R</span> format, can be found here: <a href="https://github.com/msberends/AMR/blob/main/data-raw/reproduction_of_microorganisms.R" class="external-link">https://github.com/msberends/AMR/blob/main/data-raw/reproduction_of_microorganisms.R</a>.</p>
</div>
<div id="read-more-on-our-website-">
<h2>Read more on Our Website!</h2>
<p>On our website <a href='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/'>https://msberends.github.io/AMR/</a> you can find <a href='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/AMR.html'>a comprehensive tutorial</a> about how to conduct AMR data analysis, the <a href='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/reference/'>complete documentation of all functions</a> and <a href='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/WHONET.html'>an example analysis using WHONET data</a>.</p>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="see-also"><a class="anchor" href="#see-also"></a>See also</h2>
<p>On our website <a href="https://msberends.github.io/AMR/">https://msberends.github.io/AMR/</a> you can find <a href="https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/AMR.html">a comprehensive tutorial</a> about how to conduct AMR data analysis, the <a href="https://msberends.github.io/AMR/reference/">complete documentation of all functions</a> and <a href="https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/WHONET.html">an example analysis using WHONET data</a>.</p>
</div>
<div id="see-also">
<h2>See also</h2>
<div class="dont-index"><p>Data set <a href="microorganisms.html">microorganisms</a> for the actual data. <br>
Function <code><a href="as.mo.html">as.mo()</a></code> to use the data for intelligent determination of microorganisms.</p></div>
</div>
<div class='dont-index'><p>Data set <a href='microorganisms.html'>microorganisms</a> for the actual data. <br />
Function <code><a href='as.mo.html'>as.mo()</a></code> to use the data for intelligent determination of microorganisms.</p></div>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="examples"><a class="anchor" href="#examples"></a>Examples</h2>
<pre class="examples"><span class='co'># Get version info of included data set</span>
<span class='fu'><a href='catalogue_of_life_version.html'>catalogue_of_life_version</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='op'>)</span>
<div id="ref-examples">
<h2>Examples</h2>
<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code><span class="co"># Get version info of included data set</span>
<span class="fu"><a href="catalogue_of_life_version.html">catalogue_of_life_version</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="op">)</span>
<span class='co'># Get a note when a species was renamed</span>
<span class='fu'><a href='mo_property.html'>mo_shortname</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='st'>"Chlamydophila psittaci"</span><span class='op'>)</span>
<span class='co'># Note: 'Chlamydophila psittaci' (Everett et al., 1999) was renamed back to</span>
<span class='co'># 'Chlamydia psittaci' (Page, 1968)</span>
<span class='co'>#&gt; [1] "C. psittaci"</span>
<span class="co"># Get a note when a species was renamed</span>
<span class="fu"><a href="mo_property.html">mo_shortname</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="st">"Chlamydophila psittaci"</span><span class="op">)</span>
<span class="co"># Note: 'Chlamydophila psittaci' (Everett et al., 1999) was renamed back to</span>
<span class="co"># 'Chlamydia psittaci' (Page, 1968)</span>
<span class="co">#&gt; [1] "C. psittaci"</span>
<span class='co'># Get any property from the entire taxonomic tree for all included species</span>
<span class='fu'><a href='mo_property.html'>mo_class</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='st'>"E. coli"</span><span class='op'>)</span>
<span class='co'>#&gt; [1] "Gammaproteobacteria"</span>
<span class="co"># Get any property from the entire taxonomic tree for all included species</span>
<span class="fu"><a href="mo_property.html">mo_class</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="st">"E. coli"</span><span class="op">)</span>
<span class="co">#&gt; [1] "Gammaproteobacteria"</span>
<span class='fu'><a href='mo_property.html'>mo_family</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='st'>"E. coli"</span><span class='op'>)</span>
<span class='co'>#&gt; [1] "Enterobacteriaceae"</span>
<span class="fu"><a href="mo_property.html">mo_family</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="st">"E. coli"</span><span class="op">)</span>
<span class="co">#&gt; [1] "Enterobacteriaceae"</span>
<span class='fu'><a href='mo_property.html'>mo_gramstain</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='st'>"E. coli"</span><span class='op'>)</span> <span class='co'># based on kingdom and phylum, see ?mo_gramstain</span>
<span class='co'>#&gt; [1] "Gram-negative"</span>
<span class="fu"><a href="mo_property.html">mo_gramstain</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="st">"E. coli"</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="co"># based on kingdom and phylum, see ?mo_gramstain</span>
<span class="co">#&gt; [1] "Gram-negative"</span>
<span class='fu'><a href='mo_property.html'>mo_ref</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='st'>"E. coli"</span><span class='op'>)</span>
<span class='co'>#&gt; [1] "Castellani et al., 1919"</span>
<span class="fu"><a href="mo_property.html">mo_ref</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="st">"E. coli"</span><span class="op">)</span>
<span class="co">#&gt; [1] "Castellani et al., 1919"</span>
<span class='co'># Do not get mistaken - this package is about microorganisms</span>
<span class='fu'><a href='mo_property.html'>mo_kingdom</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='st'>"C. elegans"</span><span class='op'>)</span>
<span class='co'>#&gt; [1] "Fungi" # Fungi?!</span>
<span class='fu'><a href='mo_property.html'>mo_name</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='st'>"C. elegans"</span><span class='op'>)</span>
<span class='co'>#&gt; [1] "Cladosporium elegans" # Because a microorganism was found</span>
</pre>
<span class="co"># Do not get mistaken - this package is about microorganisms</span>
<span class="fu"><a href="mo_property.html">mo_kingdom</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="st">"C. elegans"</span><span class="op">)</span>
<span class="co">#&gt; [1] "Fungi" # Fungi?!</span>
<span class="fu"><a href="mo_property.html">mo_name</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="st">"C. elegans"</span><span class="op">)</span>
<span class="co">#&gt; [1] "Cladosporium elegans" # Because a microorganism was found</span>
</code></pre></div>
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<span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Latest development version">1.7.1.9053</span>
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<h1>Version info of included Catalogue of Life</h1>
<small class="dont-index">Source: <a href='https://github.com/msberends/AMR/blob/master/R/catalogue_of_life.R'><code>R/catalogue_of_life.R</code></a></small>
<small class="dont-index">Source: <a href="https://github.com/msberends/AMR/blob/HEAD/R/catalogue_of_life.R" class="external-link"><code>R/catalogue_of_life.R</code></a></small>
<div class="hidden name"><code>catalogue_of_life_version.Rd</code></div>
</div>
@ -238,56 +161,56 @@
<p>This function returns information about the included data from the Catalogue of Life.</p>
</div>
<pre class="usage"><span class='fu'>catalogue_of_life_version</span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='op'>)</span></pre>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="value"><a class="anchor" href="#value"></a>Value</h2>
<p>a <a href='https://rdrr.io/r/base/list.html'>list</a>, which prints in pretty format</p>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="details"><a class="anchor" href="#details"></a>Details</h2>
<p>For LPSN, see <a href='microorganisms.html'>microorganisms</a>.</p>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="catalogue-of-life"><a class="anchor" href="#catalogue-of-life"></a>Catalogue of Life</h2>
<div id="ref-usage">Usage,<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code><span class="fu">catalogue_of_life_version</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="op">)</span></code></pre></div></div>
<div id="value">
<h2>Value</h2>
<p>a <a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/list.html" class="external-link">list</a>, which prints in pretty format</p>
</div>
<div id="details">
<h2>Details</h2>
<p>For LPSN, see <a href="microorganisms.html">microorganisms</a>.</p>
</div>
<div id="catalogue-of-life">
<h2>Catalogue of Life</h2>
<p><img src='figures/logo_col.png' height=40px style=margin-bottom:5px /> <br />
This package contains the complete taxonomic tree of almost all microorganisms (~71,000 species) from the authoritative and comprehensive Catalogue of Life (CoL, <a href='http://www.catalogueoflife.org'>http://www.catalogueoflife.org</a>). The CoL is the most comprehensive and authoritative global index of species currently available. Nonetheless, we supplemented the CoL data with data from the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN, <a href='https://lpsn.dsmz.de'>lpsn.dsmz.de</a>). This supplementation is needed until the <a href='https://github.com/CatalogueOfLife/general'>CoL+ project</a> is finished, which we await.</p>
<p><a href='catalogue_of_life.html'>Click here</a> for more information about the included taxa. Check which versions of the CoL and LPSN were included in this package with <code>catalogue_of_life_version()</code>.</p>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="read-more-on-our-website-"><a class="anchor" href="#read-more-on-our-website-"></a>Read more on Our Website!</h2>
<p><img src="figures/logo_col.png" height="40px" style="margin-bottom:5px"><br>
This package contains the complete taxonomic tree of almost all microorganisms (~71,000 species) from the authoritative and comprehensive Catalogue of Life (CoL, <a href="http://www.catalogueoflife.org" class="external-link">http://www.catalogueoflife.org</a>). The CoL is the most comprehensive and authoritative global index of species currently available. Nonetheless, we supplemented the CoL data with data from the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN, <a href="https://lpsn.dsmz.de" class="external-link">lpsn.dsmz.de</a>). This supplementation is needed until the <a href="https://github.com/CatalogueOfLife/general" class="external-link">CoL+ project</a> is finished, which we await.</p>
<p><a href="catalogue_of_life.html">Click here</a> for more information about the included taxa. Check which versions of the CoL and LPSN were included in this package with <code>catalogue_of_life_version()</code>.</p>
</div>
<div id="read-more-on-our-website-">
<h2>Read more on Our Website!</h2>
<p>On our website <a href='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/'>https://msberends.github.io/AMR/</a> you can find <a href='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/AMR.html'>a comprehensive tutorial</a> about how to conduct AMR data analysis, the <a href='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/reference/'>complete documentation of all functions</a> and <a href='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/WHONET.html'>an example analysis using WHONET data</a>.</p>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="see-also"><a class="anchor" href="#see-also"></a>See also</h2>
<div class='dont-index'><p><a href='microorganisms.html'>microorganisms</a></p></div>
<p>On our website <a href="https://msberends.github.io/AMR/">https://msberends.github.io/AMR/</a> you can find <a href="https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/AMR.html">a comprehensive tutorial</a> about how to conduct AMR data analysis, the <a href="https://msberends.github.io/AMR/reference/">complete documentation of all functions</a> and <a href="https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/WHONET.html">an example analysis using WHONET data</a>.</p>
</div>
<div id="see-also">
<h2>See also</h2>
<div class="dont-index"><p><a href="microorganisms.html">microorganisms</a></p></div>
</div>
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@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ count_resistant() should be used to count resistant isolates, count_susceptible(
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@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ A microorganism is categorised as <em>Susceptible, Increased exposure</em> when
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@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
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@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ The <a href="lifecycle.html">lifecycle</a> of this function is <strong>stable</s
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<p></p><p>Developed by <a href="https://www.rug.nl/staff/m.s.berends/" class="external-link">Matthijs S. Berends</a>, Christian F. Luz, Dennis Souverein, Erwin E. A. Hassing.</p>
<p></p><p>Developed by Matthijs S. Berends, Christian F. Luz, Dennis Souverein, Erwin E. A. Hassing.</p>
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@ -1,88 +1,12 @@
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<h1>Data Set with Treatment Dosages as Defined by EUCAST</h1>
<small class="dont-index">Source: <a href='https://github.com/msberends/AMR/blob/main/R/data.R'><code>R/data.R</code></a></small>
<small class="dont-index">Source: <a href="https://github.com/msberends/AMR/blob/HEAD/R/data.R" class="external-link"><code>R/data.R</code></a></small>
<div class="hidden name"><code>dosage.Rd</code></div>
</div>
<div class="ref-description">
<p>EUCAST breakpoints used in this package are based on the dosages in this data set. They can be retrieved with <code><a href='eucast_rules.html'>eucast_dosage()</a></code>.</p>
<p>EUCAST breakpoints used in this package are based on the dosages in this data set. They can be retrieved with <code><a href="eucast_rules.html">eucast_dosage()</a></code>.</p>
</div>
<div class="ref-usage sourceCode"><pre class='sourceCode r'><code><span class='va'>dosage</span></code></pre></div>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="format"><a class="anchor" href="#format"></a>Format</h2>
<p>A <a href='https://rdrr.io/r/base/data.frame.html'>data.frame</a> with 169 observations and 9 variables:</p><ul>
<li><p><code>ab</code><br /> Antibiotic ID as used in this package (such as <code>AMC</code>), using the official EARS-Net (European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network) codes where available</p></li>
<li><p><code>name</code><br /> Official name of the antimicrobial agent as used by WHONET/EARS-Net or the WHO</p></li>
<li><p><code>type</code><br /> Type of the dosage, either "high_dosage", "standard_dosage" or "uncomplicated_uti"</p></li>
<li><p><code>dose</code><br /> Dose, such as "2 g" or "25 mg/kg"</p></li>
<li><p><code>dose_times</code><br /> Number of times a dose must be administered</p></li>
<li><p><code>administration</code><br /> Route of administration, either "im", "iv" or "oral"</p></li>
<li><p><code>notes</code><br /> Additional dosage notes</p></li>
<li><p><code>original_txt</code><br /> Original text in the PDF file of EUCAST</p></li>
<li><p><code>eucast_version</code><br /> Version number of the EUCAST Clinical Breakpoints guideline to which these dosages apply</p></li>
</ul>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="details"><a class="anchor" href="#details"></a>Details</h2>
<p><a href='https://www.eucast.org/clinical_breakpoints/'>'EUCAST Clinical Breakpoint Tables' v11.0</a> (2021) are based on the dosages in this data set.</p>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="reference-data-publicly-available"><a class="anchor" href="#reference-data-publicly-available"></a>Reference Data Publicly Available</h2>
<div id="ref-usage">Usage,<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code><span class="va">dosage</span></code></pre></div></div>
<div id="format">
<h2>Format</h2>
<p>A <a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/data.frame.html" class="external-link">data.frame</a> with 169 observations and 9 variables:</p><ul><li><p><code>ab</code><br> Antibiotic ID as used in this package (such as <code>AMC</code>), using the official EARS-Net (European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network) codes where available</p></li>
<li><p><code>name</code><br> Official name of the antimicrobial agent as used by WHONET/EARS-Net or the WHO</p></li>
<li><p><code>type</code><br> Type of the dosage, either "high_dosage", "standard_dosage" or "uncomplicated_uti"</p></li>
<li><p><code>dose</code><br> Dose, such as "2 g" or "25 mg/kg"</p></li>
<li><p><code>dose_times</code><br> Number of times a dose must be administered</p></li>
<li><p><code>administration</code><br> Route of administration, either "im", "iv" or "oral"</p></li>
<li><p><code>notes</code><br> Additional dosage notes</p></li>
<li><p><code>original_txt</code><br> Original text in the PDF file of EUCAST</p></li>
<li><p><code>eucast_version</code><br> Version number of the EUCAST Clinical Breakpoints guideline to which these dosages apply</p></li>
</ul></div>
<div id="details">
<h2>Details</h2>
<p><a href="https://www.eucast.org/clinical_breakpoints/" class="external-link">'EUCAST Clinical Breakpoint Tables' v11.0</a> (2021) are based on the dosages in this data set.</p>
</div>
<div id="reference-data-publicly-available">
<h2>Reference Data Publicly Available</h2>
<p>All reference data sets (about microorganisms, antibiotics, R/SI interpretation, EUCAST rules, etc.) in this <code>AMR</code> package are publicly and freely available. We continually export our data sets to formats for use in R, SPSS, SAS, Stata and Excel. We also supply flat files that are machine-readable and suitable for input in any software program, such as laboratory information systems. Please find <a href='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/datasets.html'>all download links on our website</a>, which is automatically updated with every code change.</p>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="read-more-on-our-website-"><a class="anchor" href="#read-more-on-our-website-"></a>Read more on Our Website!</h2>
<p>All reference data sets (about microorganisms, antibiotics, R/SI interpretation, EUCAST rules, etc.) in this <code>AMR</code> package are publicly and freely available. We continually export our data sets to formats for use in R, SPSS, SAS, Stata and Excel. We also supply flat files that are machine-readable and suitable for input in any software program, such as laboratory information systems. Please find <a href="https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/datasets.html">all download links on our website</a>, which is automatically updated with every code change.</p>
</div>
<div id="read-more-on-our-website-">
<h2>Read more on Our Website!</h2>
<p>On our website <a href='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/'>https://msberends.github.io/AMR/</a> you can find <a href='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/AMR.html'>a comprehensive tutorial</a> about how to conduct AMR data analysis, the <a href='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/reference/'>complete documentation of all functions</a> and <a href='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/WHONET.html'>an example analysis using WHONET data</a>.</p>
<p>On our website <a href="https://msberends.github.io/AMR/">https://msberends.github.io/AMR/</a> you can find <a href="https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/AMR.html">a comprehensive tutorial</a> about how to conduct AMR data analysis, the <a href="https://msberends.github.io/AMR/reference/">complete documentation of all functions</a> and <a href="https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/WHONET.html">an example analysis using WHONET data</a>.</p>
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<h1>Data Set with 2,000 Example Isolates</h1>
<small class="dont-index">Source: <a href='https://github.com/msberends/AMR/blob/main/R/data.R'><code>R/data.R</code></a></small>
<small class="dont-index">Source: <a href="https://github.com/msberends/AMR/blob/HEAD/R/data.R" class="external-link"><code>R/data.R</code></a></small>
<div class="hidden name"><code>example_isolates.Rd</code></div>
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<div class="ref-description">
<p>A data set containing 2,000 microbial isolates with their full antibiograms. The data set reflects reality and can be used to practice AMR data analysis. For examples, please read <a href='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/AMR.html'>the tutorial on our website</a>.</p>
<p>A data set containing 2,000 microbial isolates with their full antibiograms. The data set reflects reality and can be used to practice AMR data analysis. For examples, please read <a href="https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/AMR.html">the tutorial on our website</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="ref-usage sourceCode"><pre class='sourceCode r'><code><span class='va'>example_isolates</span></code></pre></div>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="format"><a class="anchor" href="#format"></a>Format</h2>
<p>A <a href='https://rdrr.io/r/base/data.frame.html'>data.frame</a> with 2,000 observations and 49 variables:</p><ul>
<li><p><code>date</code><br /> date of receipt at the laboratory</p></li>
<li><p><code>hospital_id</code><br /> ID of the hospital, from A to D</p></li>
<li><p><code>ward_icu</code><br /> <a href='https://rdrr.io/r/base/logical.html'>logical</a> to determine if ward is an intensive care unit</p></li>
<li><p><code>ward_clinical</code><br /> <a href='https://rdrr.io/r/base/logical.html'>logical</a> to determine if ward is a regular clinical ward</p></li>
<li><p><code>ward_outpatient</code><br /> <a href='https://rdrr.io/r/base/logical.html'>logical</a> to determine if ward is an outpatient clinic</p></li>
<li><p><code>age</code><br /> age of the patient</p></li>
<li><p><code>gender</code><br /> gender of the patient</p></li>
<li><p><code>patient_id</code><br /> ID of the patient</p></li>
<li><p><code>mo</code><br /> ID of microorganism created with <code><a href='as.mo.html'>as.mo()</a></code>, see also <a href='microorganisms.html'>microorganisms</a></p></li>
<li><p><code>PEN:RIF</code><br /> 40 different antibiotics with class <code><a href='as.rsi.html'>rsi</a></code> (see <code><a href='as.rsi.html'>as.rsi()</a></code>); these column names occur in the <a href='antibiotics.html'>antibiotics</a> data set and can be translated with <code><a href='ab_property.html'>ab_name()</a></code></p></li>
</ul>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="reference-data-publicly-available"><a class="anchor" href="#reference-data-publicly-available"></a>Reference Data Publicly Available</h2>
<div id="ref-usage">Usage,<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code><span class="va">example_isolates</span></code></pre></div></div>
<div id="format">
<h2>Format</h2>
<p>A <a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/data.frame.html" class="external-link">data.frame</a> with 2,000 observations and 49 variables:</p><ul><li><p><code>date</code><br> date of receipt at the laboratory</p></li>
<li><p><code>hospital_id</code><br> ID of the hospital, from A to D</p></li>
<li><p><code>ward_icu</code><br><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/logical.html" class="external-link">logical</a> to determine if ward is an intensive care unit</p></li>
<li><p><code>ward_clinical</code><br><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/logical.html" class="external-link">logical</a> to determine if ward is a regular clinical ward</p></li>
<li><p><code>ward_outpatient</code><br><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/logical.html" class="external-link">logical</a> to determine if ward is an outpatient clinic</p></li>
<li><p><code>age</code><br> age of the patient</p></li>
<li><p><code>gender</code><br> gender of the patient</p></li>
<li><p><code>patient_id</code><br> ID of the patient</p></li>
<li><p><code>mo</code><br> ID of microorganism created with <code><a href="as.mo.html">as.mo()</a></code>, see also <a href="microorganisms.html">microorganisms</a></p></li>
<li><p><code>PEN:RIF</code><br> 40 different antibiotics with class <code><a href="as.rsi.html">rsi</a></code> (see <code><a href="as.rsi.html">as.rsi()</a></code>); these column names occur in the <a href="antibiotics.html">antibiotics</a> data set and can be translated with <code><a href="ab_property.html">ab_name()</a></code></p></li>
</ul></div>
<div id="reference-data-publicly-available">
<h2>Reference Data Publicly Available</h2>
<p>All reference data sets (about microorganisms, antibiotics, R/SI interpretation, EUCAST rules, etc.) in this <code>AMR</code> package are publicly and freely available. We continually export our data sets to formats for use in R, SPSS, SAS, Stata and Excel. We also supply flat files that are machine-readable and suitable for input in any software program, such as laboratory information systems. Please find <a href='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/datasets.html'>all download links on our website</a>, which is automatically updated with every code change.</p>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="read-more-on-our-website-"><a class="anchor" href="#read-more-on-our-website-"></a>Read more on Our Website!</h2>
<p>All reference data sets (about microorganisms, antibiotics, R/SI interpretation, EUCAST rules, etc.) in this <code>AMR</code> package are publicly and freely available. We continually export our data sets to formats for use in R, SPSS, SAS, Stata and Excel. We also supply flat files that are machine-readable and suitable for input in any software program, such as laboratory information systems. Please find <a href="https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/datasets.html">all download links on our website</a>, which is automatically updated with every code change.</p>
</div>
<div id="read-more-on-our-website-">
<h2>Read more on Our Website!</h2>
<p>On our website <a href='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/'>https://msberends.github.io/AMR/</a> you can find <a href='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/AMR.html'>a comprehensive tutorial</a> about how to conduct AMR data analysis, the <a href='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/reference/'>complete documentation of all functions</a> and <a href='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/WHONET.html'>an example analysis using WHONET data</a>.</p>
<p>On our website <a href="https://msberends.github.io/AMR/">https://msberends.github.io/AMR/</a> you can find <a href="https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/AMR.html">a comprehensive tutorial</a> about how to conduct AMR data analysis, the <a href="https://msberends.github.io/AMR/reference/">complete documentation of all functions</a> and <a href="https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/WHONET.html">an example analysis using WHONET data</a>.</p>
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<h1>Data Set with Unclean Data</h1>
<small class="dont-index">Source: <a href='https://github.com/msberends/AMR/blob/main/R/data.R'><code>R/data.R</code></a></small>
<small class="dont-index">Source: <a href="https://github.com/msberends/AMR/blob/HEAD/R/data.R" class="external-link"><code>R/data.R</code></a></small>
<div class="hidden name"><code>example_isolates_unclean.Rd</code></div>
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@ -246,57 +161,50 @@
<p>A data set containing 3,000 microbial isolates that are not cleaned up and consequently not ready for AMR data analysis. This data set can be used for practice.</p>
</div>
<div class="ref-usage sourceCode"><pre class='sourceCode r'><code><span class='va'>example_isolates_unclean</span></code></pre></div>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="format"><a class="anchor" href="#format"></a>Format</h2>
<p>A <a href='https://rdrr.io/r/base/data.frame.html'>data.frame</a> with 3,000 observations and 8 variables:</p><ul>
<li><p><code>patient_id</code><br /> ID of the patient</p></li>
<li><p><code>date</code><br /> date of receipt at the laboratory</p></li>
<li><p><code>hospital</code><br /> ID of the hospital, from A to C</p></li>
<li><p><code>bacteria</code><br /> info about microorganism that can be transformed with <code><a href='as.mo.html'>as.mo()</a></code>, see also <a href='microorganisms.html'>microorganisms</a></p></li>
<li><p><code>AMX:GEN</code><br /> 4 different antibiotics that have to be transformed with <code><a href='as.rsi.html'>as.rsi()</a></code></p></li>
</ul>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="reference-data-publicly-available"><a class="anchor" href="#reference-data-publicly-available"></a>Reference Data Publicly Available</h2>
<div id="ref-usage">Usage,<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code><span class="va">example_isolates_unclean</span></code></pre></div></div>
<div id="format">
<h2>Format</h2>
<p>A <a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/data.frame.html" class="external-link">data.frame</a> with 3,000 observations and 8 variables:</p><ul><li><p><code>patient_id</code><br> ID of the patient</p></li>
<li><p><code>date</code><br> date of receipt at the laboratory</p></li>
<li><p><code>hospital</code><br> ID of the hospital, from A to C</p></li>
<li><p><code>bacteria</code><br> info about microorganism that can be transformed with <code><a href="as.mo.html">as.mo()</a></code>, see also <a href="microorganisms.html">microorganisms</a></p></li>
<li><p><code>AMX:GEN</code><br> 4 different antibiotics that have to be transformed with <code><a href="as.rsi.html">as.rsi()</a></code></p></li>
</ul></div>
<div id="reference-data-publicly-available">
<h2>Reference Data Publicly Available</h2>
<p>All reference data sets (about microorganisms, antibiotics, R/SI interpretation, EUCAST rules, etc.) in this <code>AMR</code> package are publicly and freely available. We continually export our data sets to formats for use in R, SPSS, SAS, Stata and Excel. We also supply flat files that are machine-readable and suitable for input in any software program, such as laboratory information systems. Please find <a href='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/datasets.html'>all download links on our website</a>, which is automatically updated with every code change.</p>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="read-more-on-our-website-"><a class="anchor" href="#read-more-on-our-website-"></a>Read more on Our Website!</h2>
<p>All reference data sets (about microorganisms, antibiotics, R/SI interpretation, EUCAST rules, etc.) in this <code>AMR</code> package are publicly and freely available. We continually export our data sets to formats for use in R, SPSS, SAS, Stata and Excel. We also supply flat files that are machine-readable and suitable for input in any software program, such as laboratory information systems. Please find <a href="https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/datasets.html">all download links on our website</a>, which is automatically updated with every code change.</p>
</div>
<div id="read-more-on-our-website-">
<h2>Read more on Our Website!</h2>
<p>On our website <a href='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/'>https://msberends.github.io/AMR/</a> you can find <a href='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/AMR.html'>a comprehensive tutorial</a> about how to conduct AMR data analysis, the <a href='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/reference/'>complete documentation of all functions</a> and <a href='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/WHONET.html'>an example analysis using WHONET data</a>.</p>
<p>On our website <a href="https://msberends.github.io/AMR/">https://msberends.github.io/AMR/</a> you can find <a href="https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/AMR.html">a comprehensive tutorial</a> about how to conduct AMR data analysis, the <a href="https://msberends.github.io/AMR/reference/">complete documentation of all functions</a> and <a href="https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/WHONET.html">an example analysis using WHONET data</a>.</p>
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<h1><em>G</em>-test for Count Data</h1>
<small class="dont-index">Source: <a href='https://github.com/msberends/AMR/blob/main/R/g.test.R'><code>R/g.test.R</code></a></small>
<small class="dont-index">Source: <a href="https://github.com/msberends/AMR/blob/HEAD/R/g.test.R" class="external-link"><code>R/g.test.R</code></a></small>
<div class="hidden name"><code>g.test.Rd</code></div>
</div>
<div class="ref-description">
<p><code>g.test()</code> performs chi-squared contingency table tests and goodness-of-fit tests, just like <code><a href='https://rdrr.io/r/stats/chisq.test.html'>chisq.test()</a></code> but is more reliable (1). A <em>G</em>-test can be used to see whether the number of observations in each category fits a theoretical expectation (called a <strong><em>G</em>-test of goodness-of-fit</strong>), or to see whether the proportions of one variable are different for different values of the other variable (called a <strong><em>G</em>-test of independence</strong>).</p>
<p><code>g.test()</code> performs chi-squared contingency table tests and goodness-of-fit tests, just like <code><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/chisq.test.html" class="external-link">chisq.test()</a></code> but is more reliable (1). A <em>G</em>-test can be used to see whether the number of observations in each category fits a theoretical expectation (called a <strong><em>G</em>-test of goodness-of-fit</strong>), or to see whether the proportions of one variable are different for different values of the other variable (called a <strong><em>G</em>-test of independence</strong>).</p>
</div>
<div class="ref-usage sourceCode"><pre class='sourceCode r'><code><span class='fu'>g.test</span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='va'>x</span>, y <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='cn'>NULL</span>, p <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='fu'><a href='https://rdrr.io/r/base/rep.html'>rep</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='fl'>1</span><span class='op'>/</span><span class='fu'><a href='https://rdrr.io/r/base/length.html'>length</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='va'>x</span><span class='op'>)</span>, <span class='fu'><a href='https://rdrr.io/r/base/length.html'>length</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='va'>x</span><span class='op'>)</span><span class='op'>)</span>, rescale.p <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='cn'>FALSE</span><span class='op'>)</span></code></pre></div>
<div id="ref-usage">Usage,<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code><span class="fu">g.test</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">x</span>, y <span class="op">=</span> <span class="cn">NULL</span>, p <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/rep.html" class="external-link">rep</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="fl">1</span><span class="op">/</span><span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/length.html" class="external-link">length</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">x</span><span class="op">)</span>, <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/length.html" class="external-link">length</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">x</span><span class="op">)</span><span class="op">)</span>, rescale.p <span class="op">=</span> <span class="cn">FALSE</span><span class="op">)</span></code></pre></div></div>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="arguments"><a class="anchor" href="#arguments"></a>Arguments</h2>
<table class="ref-arguments">
<colgroup><col class="name" /><col class="desc" /></colgroup>
<tr>
<th>x</th>
<td><p>a numeric vector or matrix. <code>x</code> and <code>y</code> can also
both be factors.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>y</th>
<td><p>a numeric vector; ignored if <code>x</code> is a matrix. If
<code>x</code> is a factor, <code>y</code> should be a factor of the same length.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>p</th>
<td><p>a vector of probabilities of the same length of <code>x</code>.
An error is given if any entry of <code>p</code> is negative.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>rescale.p</th>
<td><p>a logical scalar; if TRUE then <code>p</code> is rescaled
(if necessary) to sum to 1. If <code>rescale.p</code> is FALSE, and
<code>p</code> does not sum to 1, an error is given.</p></td>
</tr>
</table>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="source"><a class="anchor" href="#source"></a>Source</h2>
<p>The code for this function is identical to that of <code><a href='https://rdrr.io/r/stats/chisq.test.html'>chisq.test()</a></code>, except that:</p><ul>
<li><p>The calculation of the statistic was changed to \(2 * sum(x * log(x / E))\)</p></li>
<div id="source">
<h2>Source</h2>
<p>The code for this function is identical to that of <code><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/chisq.test.html" class="external-link">chisq.test()</a></code>, except that:</p><ul><li><p>The calculation of the statistic was changed to \(2 * sum(x * log(x / E))\)</p></li>
<li><p>Yates' continuity correction was removed as it does not apply to a <em>G</em>-test</p></li>
<li><p>The possibility to simulate p values with <code>simulate.p.value</code> was removed</p></li>
</ul>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="value"><a class="anchor" href="#value"></a>Value</h2>
</ul></div>
<div id="arguments">
<h2>Arguments</h2>
<dl><dt>x</dt>
<dd><p>a numeric vector or matrix. <code>x</code> and <code>y</code> can also
both be factors.</p></dd>
<dt>y</dt>
<dd><p>a numeric vector; ignored if <code>x</code> is a matrix. If
<code>x</code> is a factor, <code>y</code> should be a factor of the same length.</p></dd>
<dt>p</dt>
<dd><p>a vector of probabilities of the same length of <code>x</code>.
An error is given if any entry of <code>p</code> is negative.</p></dd>
<dt>rescale.p</dt>
<dd><p>a logical scalar; if TRUE then <code>p</code> is rescaled
(if necessary) to sum to 1. If <code>rescale.p</code> is FALSE, and
<code>p</code> does not sum to 1, an error is given.</p></dd>
</dl></div>
<div id="value">
<h2>Value</h2>
<p>A list with class <code>"htest"</code> containing the following
components:</p>
<dt>statistic</dt><dd><p>the value the chi-squared test statistic.</p></dd>
<dt>parameter</dt><dd><p>the degrees of freedom of the approximate
<dl><dt>statistic</dt>
<dd><p>the value the chi-squared test statistic.</p></dd>
<dt>parameter</dt>
<dd><p>the degrees of freedom of the approximate
chi-squared distribution of the test statistic, <code>NA</code> if the
p-value is computed by Monte Carlo simulation.</p></dd>
<dt>p.value</dt><dd><p>the p-value for the test.</p></dd>
<dt>method</dt><dd><p>a character string indicating the type of test
<dt>p.value</dt>
<dd><p>the p-value for the test.</p></dd>
<dt>method</dt>
<dd><p>a character string indicating the type of test
performed, and whether Monte Carlo simulation or continuity
correction was used.</p></dd>
<dt>data.name</dt><dd><p>a character string giving the name(s) of the data.</p></dd>
<dt>observed</dt><dd><p>the observed counts.</p></dd>
<dt>expected</dt><dd><p>the expected counts under the null hypothesis.</p></dd>
<dt>residuals</dt><dd><p>the Pearson residuals,
<dt>data.name</dt>
<dd><p>a character string giving the name(s) of the data.</p></dd>
<dt>observed</dt>
<dd><p>the observed counts.</p></dd>
<dt>expected</dt>
<dd><p>the expected counts under the null hypothesis.</p></dd>
<dt>residuals</dt>
<dd><p>the Pearson residuals,
<code>(observed - expected) / sqrt(expected)</code>.</p></dd>
<dt>stdres</dt><dd><p>standardized residuals,
<dt>stdres</dt>
<dd><p>standardized residuals,
<code>(observed - expected) / sqrt(V)</code>, where <code>V</code> is the residual cell variance (Agresti, 2007,
section 2.4.5 for the case where <code>x</code> is a matrix, <code>n * p * (1 - p)</code> otherwise).</p></dd>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="details"><a class="anchor" href="#details"></a>Details</h2>
<p>If <code>x</code> is a <a href='https://rdrr.io/r/base/matrix.html'>matrix</a> with one row or column, or if <code>x</code> is a vector and <code>y</code> is not given, then a <em>goodness-of-fit test</em> is performed (<code>x</code> is treated as a one-dimensional contingency table). The entries of <code>x</code> must be non-negative integers. In this case, the hypothesis tested is whether the population probabilities equal those in <code>p</code>, or are all equal if <code>p</code> is not given.</p>
<p>If <code>x</code> is a <a href='https://rdrr.io/r/base/matrix.html'>matrix</a> with at least two rows and columns, it is taken as a two-dimensional contingency table: the entries of <code>x</code> must be non-negative integers. Otherwise, <code>x</code> and <code>y</code> must be vectors or factors of the same length; cases with missing values are removed, the objects are coerced to factors, and the contingency table is computed from these. Then Pearson's chi-squared test is performed of the null hypothesis that the joint distribution of the cell counts in a 2-dimensional contingency table is the product of the row and column marginals.</p>
</dl></div>
<div id="details">
<h2>Details</h2>
<p>If <code>x</code> is a <a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/matrix.html" class="external-link">matrix</a> with one row or column, or if <code>x</code> is a vector and <code>y</code> is not given, then a <em>goodness-of-fit test</em> is performed (<code>x</code> is treated as a one-dimensional contingency table). The entries of <code>x</code> must be non-negative integers. In this case, the hypothesis tested is whether the population probabilities equal those in <code>p</code>, or are all equal if <code>p</code> is not given.</p>
<p>If <code>x</code> is a <a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/matrix.html" class="external-link">matrix</a> with at least two rows and columns, it is taken as a two-dimensional contingency table: the entries of <code>x</code> must be non-negative integers. Otherwise, <code>x</code> and <code>y</code> must be vectors or factors of the same length; cases with missing values are removed, the objects are coerced to factors, and the contingency table is computed from these. Then Pearson's chi-squared test is performed of the null hypothesis that the joint distribution of the cell counts in a 2-dimensional contingency table is the product of the row and column marginals.</p>
<p>The p-value is computed from the asymptotic chi-squared distribution of the test statistic.</p>
<p>In the contingency table case simulation is done by random sampling from the set of all contingency tables with given marginals, and works only if the marginals are strictly positive. Note that this is not the usual sampling situation assumed for a chi-squared test (such as the <em>G</em>-test) but rather that for Fisher's exact test.</p>
<p>In the goodness-of-fit case simulation is done by random sampling from the discrete distribution specified by <code>p</code>, each sample being of size <code>n = sum(x)</code>. This simulation is done in <span style="R">R</span> and may be slow.</p><h3 class='hasAnchor' id='list-g-'><a class='anchor' aria-hidden='true' href='#list-g-'></a><em>G</em>-test Of Goodness-of-Fit (Likelihood Ratio Test)</h3>
<p>In the goodness-of-fit case simulation is done by random sampling from the discrete distribution specified by <code>p</code>, each sample being of size <code>n = sum(x)</code>. This simulation is done in <span style="R">R</span> and may be slow.</p><div class="section">
<h3 id="g-test-of-goodness-of-fit-likelihood-ratio-test-"><em>G</em>-test Of Goodness-of-Fit (Likelihood Ratio Test)<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#g-test-of-goodness-of-fit-likelihood-ratio-test-"></a></h3>
<p>Use the <em>G</em>-test of goodness-of-fit when you have one nominal variable with two or more values (such as male and female, or red, pink and white flowers). You compare the observed counts of numbers of observations in each category with the expected counts, which you calculate using some kind of theoretical expectation (such as a 1:1 sex ratio or a 1:2:1 ratio in a genetic cross).</p>
<p>If the expected number of observations in any category is too small, the <em>G</em>-test may give inaccurate results, and you should use an exact test instead (<code><a href='https://rdrr.io/r/stats/fisher.test.html'>fisher.test()</a></code>).</p>
<p>The <em>G</em>-test of goodness-of-fit is an alternative to the chi-square test of goodness-of-fit (<code><a href='https://rdrr.io/r/stats/chisq.test.html'>chisq.test()</a></code>); each of these tests has some advantages and some disadvantages, and the results of the two tests are usually very similar.</p><h3 class='hasAnchor' id='-test-of-goodness-of-fit-likelihood-ratio-test-'><a class='anchor' aria-hidden='true' href='#-test-of-goodness-of-fit-likelihood-ratio-test-'></a><em>G</em>-test Of Goodness-of-Fit (Likelihood Ratio Test)</h3>
<p>If the expected number of observations in any category is too small, the <em>G</em>-test may give inaccurate results, and you should use an exact test instead (<code><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/fisher.test.html" class="external-link">fisher.test()</a></code>).</p>
<p>The <em>G</em>-test of goodness-of-fit is an alternative to the chi-square test of goodness-of-fit (<code><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/chisq.test.html" class="external-link">chisq.test()</a></code>); each of these tests has some advantages and some disadvantages, and the results of the two tests are usually very similar.</p>
</div>
<p>Use the <em>G</em>-test of goodness-of-fit when you have one nominal variable with two or more values (such as male and female, or red, pink and white flowers). You compare the observed counts of numbers of observations in each category with the expected counts, which you calculate using some kind of theoretical expectation (such as a 1:1 sex ratio or a 1:2:1 ratio in a genetic cross).</p>
<p>If the expected number of observations in any category is too small, the <em>G</em>-test may give inaccurate results, and you should use an exact test instead (<code><a href='https://rdrr.io/r/stats/fisher.test.html'>fisher.test()</a></code>).</p>
<p>The <em>G</em>-test of goodness-of-fit is an alternative to the chi-square test of goodness-of-fit (<code><a href='https://rdrr.io/r/stats/chisq.test.html'>chisq.test()</a></code>); each of these tests has some advantages and some disadvantages, and the results of the two tests are usually very similar.</p>
<h3 class='hasAnchor' id='list-g-'><a class='anchor' aria-hidden='true' href='#list-g-'></a><em>G</em>-test of Independence</h3>
<div class="section">
<h3 id="g-test-of-independence"><em>G</em>-test of Independence<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#g-test-of-independence"></a></h3>
<p>Use the <em>G</em>-test of independence when you have two nominal variables, each with two or more possible values. You want to know whether the proportions for one variable are different among values of the other variable.</p>
<p>It is also possible to do a <em>G</em>-test of independence with more than two nominal variables. For example, Jackson et al. (2013) also had data for children under 3, so you could do an analysis of old vs. young, thigh vs. arm, and reaction vs. no reaction, all analyzed together.</p>
<p>Fisher's exact test (<code><a href='https://rdrr.io/r/stats/fisher.test.html'>fisher.test()</a></code>) is an <strong>exact</strong> test, where the <em>G</em>-test is still only an <strong>approximation</strong>. For any 2x2 table, Fisher's Exact test may be slower but will still run in seconds, even if the sum of your observations is multiple millions.</p>
<p>The <em>G</em>-test of independence is an alternative to the chi-square test of independence (<code><a href='https://rdrr.io/r/stats/chisq.test.html'>chisq.test()</a></code>), and they will give approximately the same results.</p><h3 class='hasAnchor' id='-test-of-independence'><a class='anchor' aria-hidden='true' href='#-test-of-independence'></a><em>G</em>-test of Independence</h3>
<p>Fisher's exact test (<code><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/fisher.test.html" class="external-link">fisher.test()</a></code>) is an <strong>exact</strong> test, where the <em>G</em>-test is still only an <strong>approximation</strong>. For any 2x2 table, Fisher's Exact test may be slower but will still run in seconds, even if the sum of your observations is multiple millions.</p>
<p>The <em>G</em>-test of independence is an alternative to the chi-square test of independence (<code><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/chisq.test.html" class="external-link">chisq.test()</a></code>), and they will give approximately the same results.</p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h3 id="how-the-test-works">How the Test Works<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#how-the-test-works"></a></h3>
<p>Use the <em>G</em>-test of independence when you have two nominal variables, each with two or more possible values. You want to know whether the proportions for one variable are different among values of the other variable.</p>
<p>It is also possible to do a <em>G</em>-test of independence with more than two nominal variables. For example, Jackson et al. (2013) also had data for children under 3, so you could do an analysis of old vs. young, thigh vs. arm, and reaction vs. no reaction, all analyzed together.</p>
<p>Fisher's exact test (<code><a href='https://rdrr.io/r/stats/fisher.test.html'>fisher.test()</a></code>) is an <strong>exact</strong> test, where the <em>G</em>-test is still only an <strong>approximation</strong>. For any 2x2 table, Fisher's Exact test may be slower but will still run in seconds, even if the sum of your observations is multiple millions.</p>
<p>The <em>G</em>-test of independence is an alternative to the chi-square test of independence (<code><a href='https://rdrr.io/r/stats/chisq.test.html'>chisq.test()</a></code>), and they will give approximately the same results.</p>
<h3 class='hasAnchor' id='how-the-test-works'><a class='anchor' aria-hidden='true' href='#how-the-test-works'></a>How the Test Works</h3>
<p>Unlike the exact test of goodness-of-fit (<code><a href='https://rdrr.io/r/stats/fisher.test.html'>fisher.test()</a></code>), the <em>G</em>-test does not directly calculate the probability of obtaining the observed results or something more extreme. Instead, like almost all statistical tests, the <em>G</em>-test has an intermediate step; it uses the data to calculate a test statistic that measures how far the observed data are from the null expectation. You then use a mathematical relationship, in this case the chi-square distribution, to estimate the probability of obtaining that value of the test statistic.</p>
<p>Unlike the exact test of goodness-of-fit (<code><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/fisher.test.html" class="external-link">fisher.test()</a></code>), the <em>G</em>-test does not directly calculate the probability of obtaining the observed results or something more extreme. Instead, like almost all statistical tests, the <em>G</em>-test has an intermediate step; it uses the data to calculate a test statistic that measures how far the observed data are from the null expectation. You then use a mathematical relationship, in this case the chi-square distribution, to estimate the probability of obtaining that value of the test statistic.</p>
<p>The <em>G</em>-test uses the log of the ratio of two likelihoods as the test statistic, which is why it is also called a likelihood ratio test or log-likelihood ratio test. The formula to calculate a <em>G</em>-statistic is:</p>
<p>\(G = 2 * sum(x * log(x / E))\)</p>
<p>where <code>E</code> are the expected values. Since this is chi-square distributed, the p value can be calculated in <span style="R">R</span> with:</p><pre class='sourceCode r'><code><span class='va'>p</span> <span class='op'>&lt;-</span> <span class='fu'>stats</span><span class='fu'>::</span><span class='fu'><a href='https://rdrr.io/r/stats/Chisquare.html'>pchisq</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='va'>G</span>, <span class='va'>df</span>, lower.tail <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='cn'>FALSE</span><span class='op'>)</span>
</code></pre>
<p>where <code>E</code> are the expected values. Since this is chi-square distributed, the p value can be calculated in <span style="R">R</span> with:</p><div class="sourceCode"><pre><code><span class="va">p</span> <span class="op">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">stats</span><span class="fu">::</span><span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/Chisquare.html" class="external-link">pchisq</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">G</span>, <span class="va">df</span>, lower.tail <span class="op">=</span> <span class="cn">FALSE</span><span class="op">)</span></code></pre></div>
<p>where <code>df</code> are the degrees of freedom.</p>
<p>If there are more than two categories and you want to find out which ones are significantly different from their null expectation, you can use the same method of testing each category vs. the sum of all categories, with the Bonferroni correction. You use <em>G</em>-tests for each category, of course.</p>
</div>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="questioning-lifecycle"><a class="anchor" href="#questioning-lifecycle"></a>Questioning Lifecycle</h2>
</div>
<div id="questioning-lifecycle">
<h2>Questioning Lifecycle</h2>
<p><img src='figures/lifecycle_questioning.svg' style=margin-bottom:5px /> <br />
The <a href='lifecycle.html'>lifecycle</a> of this function is <strong>questioning</strong>. This function might be no longer be optimal approach, or is it questionable whether this function should be in this <code>AMR</code> package at all.</p>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="read-more-on-our-website-"><a class="anchor" href="#read-more-on-our-website-"></a>Read more on Our Website!</h2>
<p><img src="figures/lifecycle_questioning.svg" style="margin-bottom:5px"><br>
The <a href="lifecycle.html">lifecycle</a> of this function is <strong>questioning</strong>. This function might be no longer be optimal approach, or is it questionable whether this function should be in this <code>AMR</code> package at all.</p>
</div>
<div id="read-more-on-our-website-">
<h2>Read more on Our Website!</h2>
<p>On our website <a href='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/'>https://msberends.github.io/AMR/</a> you can find <a href='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/AMR.html'>a comprehensive tutorial</a> about how to conduct AMR data analysis, the <a href='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/reference/'>complete documentation of all functions</a> and <a href='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/WHONET.html'>an example analysis using WHONET data</a>.</p>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="references"><a class="anchor" href="#references"></a>References</h2>
<p>On our website <a href="https://msberends.github.io/AMR/">https://msberends.github.io/AMR/</a> you can find <a href="https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/AMR.html">a comprehensive tutorial</a> about how to conduct AMR data analysis, the <a href="https://msberends.github.io/AMR/reference/">complete documentation of all functions</a> and <a href="https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/WHONET.html">an example analysis using WHONET data</a>.</p>
</div>
<div id="references">
<h2>References</h2>
<ol>
<li><p>McDonald, J.H. 2014. <strong>Handbook of Biological Statistics (3rd ed.)</strong>. Sparky House Publishing, Baltimore, Maryland. <a href='http://www.biostathandbook.com/gtestgof.html'>http://www.biostathandbook.com/gtestgof.html</a>.</p></li>
</ol>
<ol><li><p>McDonald, J.H. 2014. <strong>Handbook of Biological Statistics (3rd ed.)</strong>. Sparky House Publishing, Baltimore, Maryland. <a href="http://www.biostathandbook.com/gtestgof.html" class="external-link">http://www.biostathandbook.com/gtestgof.html</a>.</p></li>
</ol></div>
<div id="see-also">
<h2>See also</h2>
<div class="dont-index"><p><code><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/chisq.test.html" class="external-link">chisq.test()</a></code></p></div>
</div>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="see-also"><a class="anchor" href="#see-also"></a>See also</h2>
<div id="ref-examples">
<h2>Examples</h2>
<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code><span class="co"># = EXAMPLE 1 =</span>
<span class="co"># Shivrain et al. (2006) crossed clearfield rice (which are resistant</span>
<span class="co"># to the herbicide imazethapyr) with red rice (which are susceptible to</span>
<span class="co"># imazethapyr). They then crossed the hybrid offspring and examined the</span>
<span class="co"># F2 generation, where they found 772 resistant plants, 1611 moderately</span>
<span class="co"># resistant plants, and 737 susceptible plants. If resistance is controlled</span>
<span class="co"># by a single gene with two co-dominant alleles, you would expect a 1:2:1</span>
<span class="co"># ratio.</span>
<div class='dont-index'><p><code><a href='https://rdrr.io/r/stats/chisq.test.html'>chisq.test()</a></code></p></div>
<span class="va">x</span> <span class="op">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html" class="external-link">c</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="fl">772</span>, <span class="fl">1611</span>, <span class="fl">737</span><span class="op">)</span>
<span class="va">G</span> <span class="op">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">g.test</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">x</span>, p <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html" class="external-link">c</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="fl">1</span>, <span class="fl">2</span>, <span class="fl">1</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op">/</span> <span class="fl">4</span><span class="op">)</span>
<span class="co"># G$p.value = 0.12574.</span>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="examples"><a class="anchor" href="#examples"></a>Examples</h2>
<div class="ref-examples sourceCode"><pre class='sourceCode r'><code><span class='co'># = EXAMPLE 1 =</span>
<span class='co'># Shivrain et al. (2006) crossed clearfield rice (which are resistant</span>
<span class='co'># to the herbicide imazethapyr) with red rice (which are susceptible to</span>
<span class='co'># imazethapyr). They then crossed the hybrid offspring and examined the</span>
<span class='co'># F2 generation, where they found 772 resistant plants, 1611 moderately</span>
<span class='co'># resistant plants, and 737 susceptible plants. If resistance is controlled</span>
<span class='co'># by a single gene with two co-dominant alleles, you would expect a 1:2:1</span>
<span class='co'># ratio.</span>
<span class='va'>x</span> <span class='op'>&lt;-</span> <span class='fu'><a href='https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html'>c</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='fl'>772</span>, <span class='fl'>1611</span>, <span class='fl'>737</span><span class='op'>)</span>
<span class='va'>G</span> <span class='op'>&lt;-</span> <span class='fu'>g.test</span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='va'>x</span>, p <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='fu'><a href='https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html'>c</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='fl'>1</span>, <span class='fl'>2</span>, <span class='fl'>1</span><span class='op'>)</span> <span class='op'>/</span> <span class='fl'>4</span><span class='op'>)</span>
<span class='co'># G$p.value = 0.12574.</span>
<span class='co'># There is no significant difference from a 1:2:1 ratio.</span>
<span class='co'># Meaning: resistance controlled by a single gene with two co-dominant</span>
<span class='co'># alleles, is plausible.</span>
<span class="co"># There is no significant difference from a 1:2:1 ratio.</span>
<span class="co"># Meaning: resistance controlled by a single gene with two co-dominant</span>
<span class="co"># alleles, is plausible.</span>
<span class='co'># = EXAMPLE 2 =</span>
<span class='co'># Red crossbills (Loxia curvirostra) have the tip of the upper bill either</span>
<span class='co'># right or left of the lower bill, which helps them extract seeds from pine</span>
<span class='co'># cones. Some have hypothesized that frequency-dependent selection would</span>
<span class='co'># keep the number of right and left-billed birds at a 1:1 ratio. Groth (1992)</span>
<span class='co'># observed 1752 right-billed and 1895 left-billed crossbills.</span>
<span class="co"># = EXAMPLE 2 =</span>
<span class="co"># Red crossbills (Loxia curvirostra) have the tip of the upper bill either</span>
<span class="co"># right or left of the lower bill, which helps them extract seeds from pine</span>
<span class="co"># cones. Some have hypothesized that frequency-dependent selection would</span>
<span class="co"># keep the number of right and left-billed birds at a 1:1 ratio. Groth (1992)</span>
<span class="co"># observed 1752 right-billed and 1895 left-billed crossbills.</span>
<span class='va'>x</span> <span class='op'>&lt;-</span> <span class='fu'><a href='https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html'>c</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='fl'>1752</span>, <span class='fl'>1895</span><span class='op'>)</span>
<span class='fu'>g.test</span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='va'>x</span><span class='op'>)</span>
<span class='co'># p = 0.01787343</span>
<span class="va">x</span> <span class="op">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html" class="external-link">c</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="fl">1752</span>, <span class="fl">1895</span><span class="op">)</span>
<span class="fu">g.test</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">x</span><span class="op">)</span>
<span class="co"># p = 0.01787343</span>
<span class='co'># There is a significant difference from a 1:1 ratio.</span>
<span class='co'># Meaning: there are significantly more left-billed birds.</span>
<span class="co"># There is a significant difference from a 1:1 ratio.</span>
<span class="co"># Meaning: there are significantly more left-billed birds.</span>
</code></pre></div>
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<h1>Data Set with Bacterial Intrinsic Resistance</h1>
<small class="dont-index">Source: <a href='https://github.com/msberends/AMR/blob/master/R/data.R'><code>R/data.R</code></a></small>
<small class="dont-index">Source: <a href="https://github.com/msberends/AMR/blob/HEAD/R/data.R" class="external-link"><code>R/data.R</code></a></small>
<div class="hidden name"><code>intrinsic_resistant.Rd</code></div>
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@ -238,66 +161,64 @@
<p>Data set containing defined intrinsic resistance by EUCAST of all bug-drug combinations.</p>
</div>
<pre class="usage"><span class='va'>intrinsic_resistant</span></pre>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="format"><a class="anchor" href="#format"></a>Format</h2>
<p>A <a href='https://rdrr.io/r/base/data.frame.html'>data.frame</a> with 93,892 observations and 2 variables:</p><ul>
<li><p><code>microorganism</code><br /> Name of the microorganism</p></li>
<li><p><code>antibiotic</code><br /> Name of the antibiotic drug</p></li>
</ul>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="details"><a class="anchor" href="#details"></a>Details</h2>
<p>The repository of this <code>AMR</code> package contains a file comprising this exact data set: <a href='https://github.com/msberends/AMR/blob/main/data-raw/intrinsic_resistant.txt'>https://github.com/msberends/AMR/blob/main/data-raw/intrinsic_resistant.txt</a>. This file <strong>allows for machine reading EUCAST guidelines about intrinsic resistance</strong>, which is almost impossible with the Excel and PDF files distributed by EUCAST. The file is updated automatically.</p>
<p>This data set is based on <a href='https://www.eucast.org/expert_rules_and_intrinsic_resistance/'>'EUCAST Expert Rules' and 'EUCAST Intrinsic Resistance and Unusual Phenotypes' v3.2</a> (2020).</p>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="reference-data-publicly-available"><a class="anchor" href="#reference-data-publicly-available"></a>Reference Data Publicly Available</h2>
<div id="ref-usage">Usage,<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code><span class="va">intrinsic_resistant</span></code></pre></div></div>
<div id="format">
<h2>Format</h2>
<p>A <a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/data.frame.html" class="external-link">data.frame</a> with 93,892 observations and 2 variables:</p><ul><li><p><code>microorganism</code><br> Name of the microorganism</p></li>
<li><p><code>antibiotic</code><br> Name of the antibiotic drug</p></li>
</ul></div>
<div id="details">
<h2>Details</h2>
<p>The repository of this <code>AMR</code> package contains a file comprising this exact data set: <a href="https://github.com/msberends/AMR/blob/main/data-raw/intrinsic_resistant.txt" class="external-link">https://github.com/msberends/AMR/blob/main/data-raw/intrinsic_resistant.txt</a>. This file <strong>allows for machine reading EUCAST guidelines about intrinsic resistance</strong>, which is almost impossible with the Excel and PDF files distributed by EUCAST. The file is updated automatically.</p>
<p>This data set is based on <a href="https://www.eucast.org/expert_rules_and_intrinsic_resistance/" class="external-link">'EUCAST Expert Rules' and 'EUCAST Intrinsic Resistance and Unusual Phenotypes' v3.2</a> (2020).</p>
</div>
<div id="reference-data-publicly-available">
<h2>Reference Data Publicly Available</h2>
<p>All reference data sets (about microorganisms, antibiotics, R/SI interpretation, EUCAST rules, etc.) in this <code>AMR</code> package are publicly and freely available. We continually export our data sets to formats for use in R, SPSS, SAS, Stata and Excel. We also supply flat files that are machine-readable and suitable for input in any software program, such as laboratory information systems. Please find <a href='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/datasets.html'>all download links on our website</a>, which is automatically updated with every code change.</p>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="read-more-on-our-website-"><a class="anchor" href="#read-more-on-our-website-"></a>Read more on Our Website!</h2>
<p>All reference data sets (about microorganisms, antibiotics, R/SI interpretation, EUCAST rules, etc.) in this <code>AMR</code> package are publicly and freely available. We continually export our data sets to formats for use in R, SPSS, SAS, Stata and Excel. We also supply flat files that are machine-readable and suitable for input in any software program, such as laboratory information systems. Please find <a href="https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/datasets.html">all download links on our website</a>, which is automatically updated with every code change.</p>
</div>
<div id="read-more-on-our-website-">
<h2>Read more on Our Website!</h2>
<p>On our website <a href='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/'>https://msberends.github.io/AMR/</a> you can find <a href='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/AMR.html'>a comprehensive tutorial</a> about how to conduct AMR data analysis, the <a href='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/reference/'>complete documentation of all functions</a> and <a href='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/WHONET.html'>an example analysis using WHONET data</a>.</p>
<p>On our website <a href="https://msberends.github.io/AMR/">https://msberends.github.io/AMR/</a> you can find <a href="https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/AMR.html">a comprehensive tutorial</a> about how to conduct AMR data analysis, the <a href="https://msberends.github.io/AMR/reference/">complete documentation of all functions</a> and <a href="https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/WHONET.html">an example analysis using WHONET data</a>.</p>
</div>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="examples"><a class="anchor" href="#examples"></a>Examples</h2>
<pre class="examples"><span class='co'># \donttest{</span>
<span class='kw'>if</span> <span class='op'>(</span><span class='kw'><a href='https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html'>require</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='st'><a href='https://dplyr.tidyverse.org'>"dplyr"</a></span><span class='op'>)</span><span class='op'>)</span> <span class='op'>{</span>
<span class='va'>intrinsic_resistant</span> <span class='op'>%&gt;%</span>
<span class='fu'><a href='https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html'>filter</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='va'>antibiotic</span> <span class='op'>==</span> <span class='st'>"Vancomycin"</span>, <span class='va'>microorganism</span> <span class='op'>%like%</span> <span class='st'>"Enterococcus"</span><span class='op'>)</span> <span class='op'>%&gt;%</span>
<span class='fu'><a href='https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/pull.html'>pull</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='va'>microorganism</span><span class='op'>)</span>
<span class='co'># [1] "Enterococcus casseliflavus" "Enterococcus gallinarum"</span>
<span class='op'>}</span>
<span class='co'># }</span>
</pre>
<div id="ref-examples">
<h2>Examples</h2>
<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code><span class="co"># \donttest{</span>
<span class="kw">if</span> <span class="op">(</span><span class="kw"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html" class="external-link">require</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="st"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org" class="external-link">"dplyr"</a></span><span class="op">)</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op">{</span>
<span class="va">intrinsic_resistant</span> <span class="op"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html" class="external-link">%&gt;%</a></span>
<span class="fu"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html" class="external-link">filter</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">antibiotic</span> <span class="op">==</span> <span class="st">"Vancomycin"</span>, <span class="va">microorganism</span> <span class="op"><a href="like.html">%like%</a></span> <span class="st">"Enterococcus"</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html" class="external-link">%&gt;%</a></span>
<span class="fu"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/pull.html" class="external-link">pull</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">microorganism</span><span class="op">)</span>
<span class="co"># [1] "Enterococcus casseliflavus" "Enterococcus gallinarum"</span>
<span class="op">}</span>
<span class="co"># }</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
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@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ The <a href="lifecycle.html">lifecycle</a> of this function is <strong>stable</s
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<p></p><p>Developed by <a href="https://www.rug.nl/staff/m.s.berends/" class="external-link">Matthijs S. Berends</a>, Christian F. Luz, Dennis Souverein, Erwin E. A. Hassing.</p>
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<span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Released version">1.7.1.9058</span>
<span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Released version">1.7.1.9062</span>
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@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ The <a href="lifecycle.html">lifecycle</a> of this function is <strong>stable</s
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<p></p><p>Developed by <a href="https://www.rug.nl/staff/m.s.berends/" class="external-link">Matthijs S. Berends</a>, Christian F. Luz, Dennis Souverein, Erwin E. A. Hassing.</p>
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@ -306,7 +306,7 @@ The <a href="lifecycle.html">lifecycle</a> of this function is <strong>stable</s
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<p></p><p>Developed by <a href="https://www.rug.nl/staff/m.s.berends/" class="external-link">Matthijs S. Berends</a>, Christian F. Luz, Dennis Souverein, Erwin E. A. Hassing.</p>
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@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ The <a href="lifecycle.html">lifecycle</a> of this function is <strong>stable</s
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@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ The lifecycle of this function is <strong>questioning</strong>. This function mi
<footer><div class="copyright">
<p></p><p>Developed by <a href="https://www.rug.nl/staff/m.s.berends/" class="external-link">Matthijs S. Berends</a>, Christian F. Luz, Dennis Souverein, Erwin E. A. Hassing.</p>
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</div>
@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ The <a href="lifecycle.html">lifecycle</a> of this function is <strong>stable</s
<footer><div class="copyright">
<p></p><p>Developed by <a href="https://www.rug.nl/staff/m.s.berends/" class="external-link">Matthijs S. Berends</a>, Christian F. Luz, Dennis Souverein, Erwin E. A. Hassing.</p>
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</span>
</div>
@ -348,7 +348,7 @@ A microorganism is categorised as <em>Susceptible, Increased exposure</em> when
<footer><div class="copyright">
<p></p><p>Developed by <a href="https://www.rug.nl/staff/m.s.berends/" class="external-link">Matthijs S. Berends</a>, Christian F. Luz, Dennis Souverein, Erwin E. A. Hassing.</p>
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<h1>Data Set with 5,604 Common Microorganism Codes</h1>
<small class="dont-index">Source: <a href='https://github.com/msberends/AMR/blob/master/R/data.R'><code>R/data.R</code></a></small>
<small class="dont-index">Source: <a href="https://github.com/msberends/AMR/blob/HEAD/R/data.R" class="external-link"><code>R/data.R</code></a></small>
<div class="hidden name"><code>microorganisms.codes.Rd</code></div>
</div>
<div class="ref-description">
<p>A data set containing commonly used codes for microorganisms, from laboratory systems and WHONET. Define your own with <code><a href='mo_source.html'>set_mo_source()</a></code>. They will all be searched when using <code><a href='as.mo.html'>as.mo()</a></code> and consequently all the <code><a href='mo_property.html'>mo_*</a></code> functions.</p>
<p>A data set containing commonly used codes for microorganisms, from laboratory systems and WHONET. Define your own with <code><a href="mo_source.html">set_mo_source()</a></code>. They will all be searched when using <code><a href="as.mo.html">as.mo()</a></code> and consequently all the <code><a href="mo_property.html">mo_*</a></code> functions.</p>
</div>
<pre class="usage"><span class='va'>microorganisms.codes</span></pre>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="format"><a class="anchor" href="#format"></a>Format</h2>
<p>A <a href='https://rdrr.io/r/base/data.frame.html'>data.frame</a> with 5,604 observations and 2 variables:</p><ul>
<li><p><code>code</code><br /> Commonly used code of a microorganism</p></li>
<li><p><code>mo</code><br /> ID of the microorganism in the <a href='microorganisms.html'>microorganisms</a> data set</p></li>
</ul>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="reference-data-publicly-available"><a class="anchor" href="#reference-data-publicly-available"></a>Reference Data Publicly Available</h2>
<div id="ref-usage">Usage,<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code><span class="va">microorganisms.codes</span></code></pre></div></div>
<div id="format">
<h2>Format</h2>
<p>A <a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/data.frame.html" class="external-link">data.frame</a> with 5,604 observations and 2 variables:</p><ul><li><p><code>code</code><br> Commonly used code of a microorganism</p></li>
<li><p><code>mo</code><br> ID of the microorganism in the <a href="microorganisms.html">microorganisms</a> data set</p></li>
</ul></div>
<div id="reference-data-publicly-available">
<h2>Reference Data Publicly Available</h2>
<p>All reference data sets (about microorganisms, antibiotics, R/SI interpretation, EUCAST rules, etc.) in this <code>AMR</code> package are publicly and freely available. We continually export our data sets to formats for use in R, SPSS, SAS, Stata and Excel. We also supply flat files that are machine-readable and suitable for input in any software program, such as laboratory information systems. Please find <a href='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/datasets.html'>all download links on our website</a>, which is automatically updated with every code change.</p>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="catalogue-of-life"><a class="anchor" href="#catalogue-of-life"></a>Catalogue of Life</h2>
<p>All reference data sets (about microorganisms, antibiotics, R/SI interpretation, EUCAST rules, etc.) in this <code>AMR</code> package are publicly and freely available. We continually export our data sets to formats for use in R, SPSS, SAS, Stata and Excel. We also supply flat files that are machine-readable and suitable for input in any software program, such as laboratory information systems. Please find <a href="https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/datasets.html">all download links on our website</a>, which is automatically updated with every code change.</p>
</div>
<div id="catalogue-of-life">
<h2>Catalogue of Life</h2>
<p><img src='figures/logo_col.png' height=40px style=margin-bottom:5px /> <br />
This package contains the complete taxonomic tree of almost all microorganisms (~71,000 species) from the authoritative and comprehensive Catalogue of Life (CoL, <a href='http://www.catalogueoflife.org'>http://www.catalogueoflife.org</a>). The CoL is the most comprehensive and authoritative global index of species currently available. Nonetheless, we supplemented the CoL data with data from the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN, <a href='https://lpsn.dsmz.de'>lpsn.dsmz.de</a>). This supplementation is needed until the <a href='https://github.com/CatalogueOfLife/general'>CoL+ project</a> is finished, which we await.</p>
<p><a href='catalogue_of_life.html'>Click here</a> for more information about the included taxa. Check which versions of the CoL and LPSN were included in this package with <code><a href='catalogue_of_life_version.html'>catalogue_of_life_version()</a></code>.</p>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="read-more-on-our-website-"><a class="anchor" href="#read-more-on-our-website-"></a>Read more on Our Website!</h2>
<p><img src="figures/logo_col.png" height="40px" style="margin-bottom:5px"><br>
This package contains the complete taxonomic tree of almost all microorganisms (~71,000 species) from the authoritative and comprehensive Catalogue of Life (CoL, <a href="http://www.catalogueoflife.org" class="external-link">http://www.catalogueoflife.org</a>). The CoL is the most comprehensive and authoritative global index of species currently available. Nonetheless, we supplemented the CoL data with data from the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN, <a href="https://lpsn.dsmz.de" class="external-link">lpsn.dsmz.de</a>). This supplementation is needed until the <a href="https://github.com/CatalogueOfLife/general" class="external-link">CoL+ project</a> is finished, which we await.</p>
<p><a href="catalogue_of_life.html">Click here</a> for more information about the included taxa. Check which versions of the CoL and LPSN were included in this package with <code><a href="catalogue_of_life_version.html">catalogue_of_life_version()</a></code>.</p>
</div>
<div id="read-more-on-our-website-">
<h2>Read more on Our Website!</h2>
<p>On our website <a href='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/'>https://msberends.github.io/AMR/</a> you can find <a href='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/AMR.html'>a comprehensive tutorial</a> about how to conduct AMR data analysis, the <a href='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/reference/'>complete documentation of all functions</a> and <a href='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/WHONET.html'>an example analysis using WHONET data</a>.</p>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="see-also"><a class="anchor" href="#see-also"></a>See also</h2>
<div class='dont-index'><p><code><a href='as.mo.html'>as.mo()</a></code> <a href='microorganisms.html'>microorganisms</a></p></div>
<p>On our website <a href="https://msberends.github.io/AMR/">https://msberends.github.io/AMR/</a> you can find <a href="https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/AMR.html">a comprehensive tutorial</a> about how to conduct AMR data analysis, the <a href="https://msberends.github.io/AMR/reference/">complete documentation of all functions</a> and <a href="https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/WHONET.html">an example analysis using WHONET data</a>.</p>
</div>
<div id="see-also">
<h2>See also</h2>
<div class="dont-index"><p><code><a href="as.mo.html">as.mo()</a></code> <a href="microorganisms.html">microorganisms</a></p></div>
</div>
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<h1>Data Set with 70,760 Microorganisms</h1>
<small class="dont-index">Source: <a href='https://github.com/msberends/AMR/blob/master/R/data.R'><code>R/data.R</code></a></small>
<small class="dont-index">Source: <a href="https://github.com/msberends/AMR/blob/HEAD/R/data.R" class="external-link"><code>R/data.R</code></a></small>
<div class="hidden name"><code>microorganisms.Rd</code></div>
</div>
<div class="ref-description">
<p>A data set containing the full microbial taxonomy (<strong>last updated: 5 October 2021</strong>) of six kingdoms from the Catalogue of Life (CoL) and the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). MO codes can be looked up using <code><a href='as.mo.html'>as.mo()</a></code>.</p>
<p>A data set containing the full microbial taxonomy (<strong>last updated: 5 October 2021</strong>) of six kingdoms from the Catalogue of Life (CoL) and the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). MO codes can be looked up using <code><a href="as.mo.html">as.mo()</a></code>.</p>
</div>
<pre class="usage"><span class='va'>microorganisms</span></pre>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="format"><a class="anchor" href="#format"></a>Format</h2>
<p>A <a href='https://rdrr.io/r/base/data.frame.html'>data.frame</a> with 70,760 observations and 16 variables:</p><ul>
<li><p><code>mo</code><br /> ID of microorganism as used by this package</p></li>
<li><p><code>fullname</code><br /> Full name, like <code>"Escherichia coli"</code></p></li>
<li><p><code>kingdom</code>, <code>phylum</code>, <code>class</code>, <code>order</code>, <code>family</code>, <code>genus</code>, <code>species</code>, <code>subspecies</code><br /> Taxonomic rank of the microorganism</p></li>
<li><p><code>rank</code><br /> Text of the taxonomic rank of the microorganism, like <code>"species"</code> or <code>"genus"</code></p></li>
<li><p><code>ref</code><br /> Author(s) and year of concerning scientific publication</p></li>
<li><p><code>species_id</code><br /> ID of the species as used by the Catalogue of Life</p></li>
<li><p><code>source</code><br /> Either "CoL", "LPSN" or "manually added" (see <em>Source</em>)</p></li>
<li><p><code>prevalence</code><br /> Prevalence of the microorganism, see <code><a href='as.mo.html'>as.mo()</a></code></p></li>
<li><p><code>snomed</code><br /> Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine (SNOMED) code of the microorganism, according to the US Edition of SNOMED CT from 1 September 2020 (see <em>Source</em>). Use <code><a href='mo_property.html'>mo_snomed()</a></code> to retrieve it quickly, see <code><a href='mo_property.html'>mo_property()</a></code>.</p></li>
</ul>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="source"><a class="anchor" href="#source"></a>Source</h2>
<p>Catalogue of Life: 2019 Annual Checklist as currently implemented in this <code>AMR</code> package:</p><ul>
<li><p>Annual Checklist (public online taxonomic database), <a href='http://www.catalogueoflife.org'>http://www.catalogueoflife.org</a></p></li>
</ul>
<p>List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (5 October 2021) as currently implemented in this <code>AMR</code> package:</p><ul>
<li><p>Parte, A.C., Sarda Carbasse, J., Meier-Kolthoff, J.P., Reimer, L.C. and Goker, M. (2020). List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) moves to the DSMZ. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 70, 5607-5612; doi: <a href='https://doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.004332'>10.1099/ijsem.0.004332</a></p></li>
<li><p>Parte, A.C. (2018). LPSN — List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (bacterio.net), 20 years on. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 68, 1825-1829; doi: <a href='https://doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.002786'>10.1099/ijsem.0.002786</a></p></li>
<li><p>Parte, A.C. (2014). LPSN — List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature. Nucleic Acids Research, 42, Issue D1, D613–D616; doi: <a href='https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkt1111'>10.1093/nar/gkt1111</a></p></li>
<li><p>Euzeby, J.P. (1997). List of Bacterial Names with Standing in Nomenclature: a Folder Available on the Internet. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 47, 590-592; doi: <a href='https://doi.org/10.1099/00207713-47-2-590'>10.1099/00207713-47-2-590</a></p></li>
</ul>
<p>US Edition of SNOMED CT from 1 September 2020 as currently implemented in this <code>AMR</code> package:</p><ul>
<li><p>Retrieved from the Public Health Information Network Vocabulary Access and Distribution System (PHIN VADS), OID 2.16.840.1.114222.4.11.1009, version 12; url: <a href='https://phinvads.cdc.gov/vads/ViewValueSet.action?oid=2.16.840.1.114222.4.11.1009'>https://phinvads.cdc.gov/vads/ViewValueSet.action?oid=2.16.840.1.114222.4.11.1009</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="details"><a class="anchor" href="#details"></a>Details</h2>
<div id="ref-usage">Usage,<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code><span class="va">microorganisms</span></code></pre></div></div>
<div id="format">
<h2>Format</h2>
<p>A <a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/data.frame.html" class="external-link">data.frame</a> with 70,760 observations and 16 variables:</p><ul><li><p><code>mo</code><br> ID of microorganism as used by this package</p></li>
<li><p><code>fullname</code><br> Full name, like <code>"Escherichia coli"</code></p></li>
<li><p><code>kingdom</code>, <code>phylum</code>, <code>class</code>, <code>order</code>, <code>family</code>, <code>genus</code>, <code>species</code>, <code>subspecies</code><br> Taxonomic rank of the microorganism</p></li>
<li><p><code>rank</code><br> Text of the taxonomic rank of the microorganism, like <code>"species"</code> or <code>"genus"</code></p></li>
<li><p><code>ref</code><br> Author(s) and year of concerning scientific publication</p></li>
<li><p><code>species_id</code><br> ID of the species as used by the Catalogue of Life</p></li>
<li><p><code>source</code><br> Either "CoL", "LPSN" or "manually added" (see <em>Source</em>)</p></li>
<li><p><code>prevalence</code><br> Prevalence of the microorganism, see <code><a href="as.mo.html">as.mo()</a></code></p></li>
<li><p><code>snomed</code><br> Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine (SNOMED) code of the microorganism, according to the US Edition of SNOMED CT from 1 September 2020 (see <em>Source</em>). Use <code><a href="mo_property.html">mo_snomed()</a></code> to retrieve it quickly, see <code><a href="mo_property.html">mo_property()</a></code>.</p></li>
</ul></div>
<div id="source">
<h2>Source</h2>
<p>Catalogue of Life: 2019 Annual Checklist as currently implemented in this <code>AMR</code> package:</p><ul><li><p>Annual Checklist (public online taxonomic database), <a href="http://www.catalogueoflife.org" class="external-link">http://www.catalogueoflife.org</a></p></li>
</ul><p>List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (5 October 2021) as currently implemented in this <code>AMR</code> package:</p><ul><li><p>Parte, A.C., Sarda Carbasse, J., Meier-Kolthoff, J.P., Reimer, L.C. and Goker, M. (2020). List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) moves to the DSMZ. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 70, 5607-5612; doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.004332" class="external-link">10.1099/ijsem.0.004332</a></p></li>
<li><p>Parte, A.C. (2018). LPSN — List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (bacterio.net), 20 years on. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 68, 1825-1829; doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.002786" class="external-link">10.1099/ijsem.0.002786</a></p></li>
<li><p>Parte, A.C. (2014). LPSN — List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature. Nucleic Acids Research, 42, Issue D1, D613–D616; doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkt1111" class="external-link">10.1093/nar/gkt1111</a></p></li>
<li><p>Euzeby, J.P. (1997). List of Bacterial Names with Standing in Nomenclature: a Folder Available on the Internet. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 47, 590-592; doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1099/00207713-47-2-590" class="external-link">10.1099/00207713-47-2-590</a></p></li>
</ul><p>US Edition of SNOMED CT from 1 September 2020 as currently implemented in this <code>AMR</code> package:</p><ul><li><p>Retrieved from the Public Health Information Network Vocabulary Access and Distribution System (PHIN VADS), OID 2.16.840.1.114222.4.11.1009, version 12; url: <a href="https://phinvads.cdc.gov/vads/ViewValueSet.action?oid=2.16.840.1.114222.4.11.1009" class="external-link">https://phinvads.cdc.gov/vads/ViewValueSet.action?oid=2.16.840.1.114222.4.11.1009</a></p></li>
</ul></div>
<div id="details">
<h2>Details</h2>
<p>Please note that entries are only based on the Catalogue of Life and the LPSN (see below). Since these sources incorporate entries based on (recent) publications in the International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (IJSEM), it can happen that the year of publication is sometimes later than one might expect.</p>
<p>For example, <em>Staphylococcus pettenkoferi</em> was described for the first time in Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease in 2002 (doi: <a href='https://doi.org/10.1016/s0732-8893(02)00399-1'>10.1016/s0732-8893(02)00399-1</a>
), but it was not before 2007 that a publication in IJSEM followed (doi: <a href='https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.64381-0'>10.1099/ijs.0.64381-0</a>
). Consequently, the <code>AMR</code> package returns 2007 for <code><a href='mo_property.html'>mo_year("S. pettenkoferi")</a></code>.</p><h3 class='hasAnchor' id='arguments'><a class='anchor' href='#arguments'></a>Manual additions</h3>
<p>For example, <em>Staphylococcus pettenkoferi</em> was described for the first time in Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease in 2002 (doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/s0732-8893(02)00399-1" class="external-link">10.1016/s0732-8893(02)00399-1</a>
), but it was not before 2007 that a publication in IJSEM followed (doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.64381-0" class="external-link">10.1099/ijs.0.64381-0</a>
). Consequently, the <code>AMR</code> package returns 2007 for <code>mo_year("S. pettenkoferi")</code>.</p><div class="section">
<h3 id="manual-additions">Manual additions<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#manual-additions"></a></h3>
<p>For convenience, some entries were added manually:</p><ul>
<li><p>11 entries of <em>Streptococcus</em> (beta-haemolytic: groups A, B, C, D, F, G, H, K and unspecified; other: viridans, milleri)</p></li>
<p>For convenience, some entries were added manually:</p><ul><li><p>11 entries of <em>Streptococcus</em> (beta-haemolytic: groups A, B, C, D, F, G, H, K and unspecified; other: viridans, milleri)</p></li>
<li><p>2 entries of <em>Staphylococcus</em> (coagulase-negative (CoNS) and coagulase-positive (CoPS))</p></li>
<li><p>3 entries of <em>Trichomonas</em> (<em>T. vaginalis</em>, and its family and genus)</p></li>
<li><p>1 entry of <em>Candida</em> (<em>C. krusei</em>), that is not (yet) in the Catalogue of Life</p></li>
@ -289,73 +201,70 @@
<li><p>1 entry of <em>Moraxella</em> (<em>M. catarrhalis</em>), which was formally named <em>Branhamella catarrhalis</em> (Catlin, 1970) though this change was never accepted within the field of clinical microbiology</p></li>
<li><p>5 other 'undefined' entries (unknown, unknown Gram negatives, unknown Gram positives, unknown yeast and unknown fungus)</p></li>
<li><p>6 families under the Enterobacterales order, according to Adeolu <em>et al.</em> (2016, PMID 27620848), that are not (yet) in the Catalogue of Life</p></li>
</ul>
</ul></div>
<div class="section">
<h3 id="direct-download">Direct download<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#direct-download"></a></h3>
<h3 class='hasAnchor' id='arguments'><a class='anchor' href='#arguments'></a>Direct download</h3>
<p>This data set is available as 'flat file' for use even without <span style="R">R</span> - you can find the file here:</p><ul>
<li><p><a href='https://github.com/msberends/AMR/raw/main/data-raw/microorganisms.txt'>https://github.com/msberends/AMR/raw/main/data-raw/microorganisms.txt</a></p></li>
</ul>
<p>The file in <span style="R">R</span> format (with preserved data structure) can be found here:</p><ul>
<li><p><a href='https://github.com/msberends/AMR/raw/main/data/microorganisms.rda'>https://github.com/msberends/AMR/raw/main/data/microorganisms.rda</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="about-the-records-from-lpsn-see-source-"><a class="anchor" href="#about-the-records-from-lpsn-see-source-"></a>About the Records from LPSN (see <em>Source</em>)</h2>
<p>This data set is available as 'flat file' for use even without <span style="R">R</span> - you can find the file here:</p><ul><li><p><a href="https://github.com/msberends/AMR/raw/main/data-raw/microorganisms.txt" class="external-link">https://github.com/msberends/AMR/raw/main/data-raw/microorganisms.txt</a></p></li>
</ul><p>The file in <span style="R">R</span> format (with preserved data structure) can be found here:</p><ul><li><p><a href="https://github.com/msberends/AMR/raw/main/data/microorganisms.rda" class="external-link">https://github.com/msberends/AMR/raw/main/data/microorganisms.rda</a></p></li>
</ul></div>
</div>
<div id="about-the-records-from-lpsn-see-source-">
<h2>About the Records from LPSN (see <em>Source</em>)</h2>
<p>The List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) provides comprehensive information on the nomenclature of prokaryotes. LPSN is a free to use service founded by Jean P. Euzeby in 1997 and later on maintained by Aidan C. Parte.</p>
<p>As of February 2020, the regularly augmented LPSN database at DSMZ is the basis of the new LPSN service. The new database was implemented for the Type-Strain Genome Server and augmented in 2018 to store all kinds of nomenclatural information. Data from the previous version of LPSN and from the Prokaryotic Nomenclature Up-to-date (PNU) service were imported into the new system. PNU had been established in 1993 as a service of the Leibniz Institute DSMZ, and was curated by Norbert Weiss, Manfred Kracht and Dorothea Gleim.</p>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="catalogue-of-life"><a class="anchor" href="#catalogue-of-life"></a>Catalogue of Life</h2>
</div>
<div id="catalogue-of-life">
<h2>Catalogue of Life</h2>
<p><img src='figures/logo_col.png' height=40px style=margin-bottom:5px /> <br />
This package contains the complete taxonomic tree of almost all microorganisms (~71,000 species) from the authoritative and comprehensive Catalogue of Life (CoL, <a href='http://www.catalogueoflife.org'>http://www.catalogueoflife.org</a>). The CoL is the most comprehensive and authoritative global index of species currently available. Nonetheless, we supplemented the CoL data with data from the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN, <a href='https://lpsn.dsmz.de'>lpsn.dsmz.de</a>). This supplementation is needed until the <a href='https://github.com/CatalogueOfLife/general'>CoL+ project</a> is finished, which we await.</p>
<p><a href='catalogue_of_life.html'>Click here</a> for more information about the included taxa. Check which versions of the CoL and LPSN were included in this package with <code><a href='catalogue_of_life_version.html'>catalogue_of_life_version()</a></code>.</p>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="reference-data-publicly-available"><a class="anchor" href="#reference-data-publicly-available"></a>Reference Data Publicly Available</h2>
<p><img src="figures/logo_col.png" height="40px" style="margin-bottom:5px"><br>
This package contains the complete taxonomic tree of almost all microorganisms (~71,000 species) from the authoritative and comprehensive Catalogue of Life (CoL, <a href="http://www.catalogueoflife.org" class="external-link">http://www.catalogueoflife.org</a>). The CoL is the most comprehensive and authoritative global index of species currently available. Nonetheless, we supplemented the CoL data with data from the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN, <a href="https://lpsn.dsmz.de" class="external-link">lpsn.dsmz.de</a>). This supplementation is needed until the <a href="https://github.com/CatalogueOfLife/general" class="external-link">CoL+ project</a> is finished, which we await.</p>
<p><a href="catalogue_of_life.html">Click here</a> for more information about the included taxa. Check which versions of the CoL and LPSN were included in this package with <code><a href="catalogue_of_life_version.html">catalogue_of_life_version()</a></code>.</p>
</div>
<div id="reference-data-publicly-available">
<h2>Reference Data Publicly Available</h2>
<p>All reference data sets (about microorganisms, antibiotics, R/SI interpretation, EUCAST rules, etc.) in this <code>AMR</code> package are publicly and freely available. We continually export our data sets to formats for use in R, SPSS, SAS, Stata and Excel. We also supply flat files that are machine-readable and suitable for input in any software program, such as laboratory information systems. Please find <a href='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/datasets.html'>all download links on our website</a>, which is automatically updated with every code change.</p>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="read-more-on-our-website-"><a class="anchor" href="#read-more-on-our-website-"></a>Read more on Our Website!</h2>
<p>All reference data sets (about microorganisms, antibiotics, R/SI interpretation, EUCAST rules, etc.) in this <code>AMR</code> package are publicly and freely available. We continually export our data sets to formats for use in R, SPSS, SAS, Stata and Excel. We also supply flat files that are machine-readable and suitable for input in any software program, such as laboratory information systems. Please find <a href="https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/datasets.html">all download links on our website</a>, which is automatically updated with every code change.</p>
</div>
<div id="read-more-on-our-website-">
<h2>Read more on Our Website!</h2>
<p>On our website <a href='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/'>https://msberends.github.io/AMR/</a> you can find <a href='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/AMR.html'>a comprehensive tutorial</a> about how to conduct AMR data analysis, the <a href='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/reference/'>complete documentation of all functions</a> and <a href='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/WHONET.html'>an example analysis using WHONET data</a>.</p>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="see-also"><a class="anchor" href="#see-also"></a>See also</h2>
<div class='dont-index'><p><code><a href='as.mo.html'>as.mo()</a></code>, <code><a href='mo_property.html'>mo_property()</a></code>, <a href='microorganisms.codes.html'>microorganisms.codes</a>, <a href='intrinsic_resistant.html'>intrinsic_resistant</a></p></div>
<p>On our website <a href="https://msberends.github.io/AMR/">https://msberends.github.io/AMR/</a> you can find <a href="https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/AMR.html">a comprehensive tutorial</a> about how to conduct AMR data analysis, the <a href="https://msberends.github.io/AMR/reference/">complete documentation of all functions</a> and <a href="https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/WHONET.html">an example analysis using WHONET data</a>.</p>
</div>
<div id="see-also">
<h2>See also</h2>
<div class="dont-index"><p><code><a href="as.mo.html">as.mo()</a></code>, <code><a href="mo_property.html">mo_property()</a></code>, <a href="microorganisms.codes.html">microorganisms.codes</a>, <a href="intrinsic_resistant.html">intrinsic_resistant</a></p></div>
</div>
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<h1>Data Set with Previously Accepted Taxonomic Names</h1>
<small class="dont-index">Source: <a href='https://github.com/msberends/AMR/blob/master/R/data.R'><code>R/data.R</code></a></small>
<small class="dont-index">Source: <a href="https://github.com/msberends/AMR/blob/HEAD/R/data.R" class="external-link"><code>R/data.R</code></a></small>
<div class="hidden name"><code>microorganisms.old.Rd</code></div>
</div>
<div class="ref-description">
<p>A data set containing old (previously valid or accepted) taxonomic names according to the Catalogue of Life. This data set is used internally by <code><a href='as.mo.html'>as.mo()</a></code>.</p>
<p>A data set containing old (previously valid or accepted) taxonomic names according to the Catalogue of Life. This data set is used internally by <code><a href="as.mo.html">as.mo()</a></code>.</p>
</div>
<pre class="usage"><span class='va'>microorganisms.old</span></pre>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="format"><a class="anchor" href="#format"></a>Format</h2>
<p>A <a href='https://rdrr.io/r/base/data.frame.html'>data.frame</a> with 14,338 observations and 4 variables:</p><ul>
<li><p><code>fullname</code><br /> Old full taxonomic name of the microorganism</p></li>
<li><p><code>fullname_new</code><br /> New full taxonomic name of the microorganism</p></li>
<li><p><code>ref</code><br /> Author(s) and year of concerning scientific publication</p></li>
<li><p><code>prevalence</code><br /> Prevalence of the microorganism, see <code><a href='as.mo.html'>as.mo()</a></code></p></li>
</ul>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="source"><a class="anchor" href="#source"></a>Source</h2>
<p>Catalogue of Life: Annual Checklist (public online taxonomic database), <a href='http://www.catalogueoflife.org'>http://www.catalogueoflife.org</a> (check included annual version with <code><a href='catalogue_of_life_version.html'>catalogue_of_life_version()</a></code>).</p>
<p>Parte, A.C. (2018). LPSN — List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (bacterio.net), 20 years on. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 68, 1825-1829; doi: <a href='https://doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.002786'>10.1099/ijsem.0.002786</a></p>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="catalogue-of-life"><a class="anchor" href="#catalogue-of-life"></a>Catalogue of Life</h2>
<div id="ref-usage">Usage,<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code><span class="va">microorganisms.old</span></code></pre></div></div>
<div id="format">
<h2>Format</h2>
<p>A <a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/data.frame.html" class="external-link">data.frame</a> with 14,338 observations and 4 variables:</p><ul><li><p><code>fullname</code><br> Old full taxonomic name of the microorganism</p></li>
<li><p><code>fullname_new</code><br> New full taxonomic name of the microorganism</p></li>
<li><p><code>ref</code><br> Author(s) and year of concerning scientific publication</p></li>
<li><p><code>prevalence</code><br> Prevalence of the microorganism, see <code><a href="as.mo.html">as.mo()</a></code></p></li>
</ul></div>
<div id="source">
<h2>Source</h2>
<p>Catalogue of Life: Annual Checklist (public online taxonomic database), <a href="http://www.catalogueoflife.org" class="external-link">http://www.catalogueoflife.org</a> (check included annual version with <code><a href="catalogue_of_life_version.html">catalogue_of_life_version()</a></code>).</p>
<p>Parte, A.C. (2018). LPSN — List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (bacterio.net), 20 years on. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 68, 1825-1829; doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.002786" class="external-link">10.1099/ijsem.0.002786</a></p>
</div>
<div id="catalogue-of-life">
<h2>Catalogue of Life</h2>
<p><img src='figures/logo_col.png' height=40px style=margin-bottom:5px /> <br />
This package contains the complete taxonomic tree of almost all microorganisms (~71,000 species) from the authoritative and comprehensive Catalogue of Life (CoL, <a href='http://www.catalogueoflife.org'>http://www.catalogueoflife.org</a>). The CoL is the most comprehensive and authoritative global index of species currently available. Nonetheless, we supplemented the CoL data with data from the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN, <a href='https://lpsn.dsmz.de'>lpsn.dsmz.de</a>). This supplementation is needed until the <a href='https://github.com/CatalogueOfLife/general'>CoL+ project</a> is finished, which we await.</p>
<p><a href='catalogue_of_life.html'>Click here</a> for more information about the included taxa. Check which versions of the CoL and LPSN were included in this package with <code><a href='catalogue_of_life_version.html'>catalogue_of_life_version()</a></code>.</p>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="reference-data-publicly-available"><a class="anchor" href="#reference-data-publicly-available"></a>Reference Data Publicly Available</h2>
<p><img src="figures/logo_col.png" height="40px" style="margin-bottom:5px"><br>
This package contains the complete taxonomic tree of almost all microorganisms (~71,000 species) from the authoritative and comprehensive Catalogue of Life (CoL, <a href="http://www.catalogueoflife.org" class="external-link">http://www.catalogueoflife.org</a>). The CoL is the most comprehensive and authoritative global index of species currently available. Nonetheless, we supplemented the CoL data with data from the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN, <a href="https://lpsn.dsmz.de" class="external-link">lpsn.dsmz.de</a>). This supplementation is needed until the <a href="https://github.com/CatalogueOfLife/general" class="external-link">CoL+ project</a> is finished, which we await.</p>
<p><a href="catalogue_of_life.html">Click here</a> for more information about the included taxa. Check which versions of the CoL and LPSN were included in this package with <code><a href="catalogue_of_life_version.html">catalogue_of_life_version()</a></code>.</p>
</div>
<div id="reference-data-publicly-available">
<h2>Reference Data Publicly Available</h2>
<p>All reference data sets (about microorganisms, antibiotics, R/SI interpretation, EUCAST rules, etc.) in this <code>AMR</code> package are publicly and freely available. We continually export our data sets to formats for use in R, SPSS, SAS, Stata and Excel. We also supply flat files that are machine-readable and suitable for input in any software program, such as laboratory information systems. Please find <a href='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/datasets.html'>all download links on our website</a>, which is automatically updated with every code change.</p>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="read-more-on-our-website-"><a class="anchor" href="#read-more-on-our-website-"></a>Read more on Our Website!</h2>
<p>All reference data sets (about microorganisms, antibiotics, R/SI interpretation, EUCAST rules, etc.) in this <code>AMR</code> package are publicly and freely available. We continually export our data sets to formats for use in R, SPSS, SAS, Stata and Excel. We also supply flat files that are machine-readable and suitable for input in any software program, such as laboratory information systems. Please find <a href="https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/datasets.html">all download links on our website</a>, which is automatically updated with every code change.</p>
</div>
<div id="read-more-on-our-website-">
<h2>Read more on Our Website!</h2>
<p>On our website <a href='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/'>https://msberends.github.io/AMR/</a> you can find <a href='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/AMR.html'>a comprehensive tutorial</a> about how to conduct AMR data analysis, the <a href='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/reference/'>complete documentation of all functions</a> and <a href='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/WHONET.html'>an example analysis using WHONET data</a>.</p>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="see-also"><a class="anchor" href="#see-also"></a>See also</h2>
<div class='dont-index'><p><code><a href='as.mo.html'>as.mo()</a></code> <code><a href='mo_property.html'>mo_property()</a></code> <a href='microorganisms.html'>microorganisms</a></p></div>
<p>On our website <a href="https://msberends.github.io/AMR/">https://msberends.github.io/AMR/</a> you can find <a href="https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/AMR.html">a comprehensive tutorial</a> about how to conduct AMR data analysis, the <a href="https://msberends.github.io/AMR/reference/">complete documentation of all functions</a> and <a href="https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/WHONET.html">an example analysis using WHONET data</a>.</p>
</div>
<div id="see-also">
<h2>See also</h2>
<div class="dont-index"><p><code><a href="as.mo.html">as.mo()</a></code> <code><a href="mo_property.html">mo_property()</a></code> <a href="microorganisms.html">microorganisms</a></p></div>
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@ -379,7 +379,7 @@ A microorganism is categorised as <em>Susceptible, Increased exposure</em> when
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<h1>Data Set for R/SI Interpretation</h1>
<small class="dont-index">Source: <a href='https://github.com/msberends/AMR/blob/master/R/data.R'><code>R/data.R</code></a></small>
<small class="dont-index">Source: <a href="https://github.com/msberends/AMR/blob/HEAD/R/data.R" class="external-link"><code>R/data.R</code></a></small>
<div class="hidden name"><code>rsi_translation.Rd</code></div>
</div>
<div class="ref-description">
<p>Data set containing reference data to interpret MIC and disk diffusion to R/SI values, according to international guidelines. Currently implemented guidelines are EUCAST (2011-2021) and CLSI (2010-2020). Use <code><a href='as.rsi.html'>as.rsi()</a></code> to transform MICs or disks measurements to R/SI values.</p>
<p>Data set containing reference data to interpret MIC and disk diffusion to R/SI values, according to international guidelines. Currently implemented guidelines are EUCAST (2011-2021) and CLSI (2010-2020). Use <code><a href="as.rsi.html">as.rsi()</a></code> to transform MICs or disks measurements to R/SI values.</p>
</div>
<pre class="usage"><span class='va'>rsi_translation</span></pre>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="format"><a class="anchor" href="#format"></a>Format</h2>
<p>A <a href='https://rdrr.io/r/base/data.frame.html'>data.frame</a> with 22,000 observations and 10 variables:</p><ul>
<li><p><code>guideline</code><br /> Name of the guideline</p></li>
<li><p><code>method</code><br /> Either "DISK" or "MIC"</p></li>
<li><p><code>site</code><br /> Body site, e.g. "Oral" or "Respiratory"</p></li>
<li><p><code>mo</code><br /> Microbial ID, see <code><a href='as.mo.html'>as.mo()</a></code></p></li>
<li><p><code>ab</code><br /> Antibiotic ID, see <code><a href='as.ab.html'>as.ab()</a></code></p></li>
<li><p><code>ref_tbl</code><br /> Info about where the guideline rule can be found</p></li>
<li><p><code>disk_dose</code><br /> Dose of the used disk diffusion method</p></li>
<li><p><code>breakpoint_S</code><br /> Lowest MIC value or highest number of millimetres that leads to "S"</p></li>
<li><p><code>breakpoint_R</code><br /> Highest MIC value or lowest number of millimetres that leads to "R"</p></li>
<li><p><code>uti</code><br /> A <a href='https://rdrr.io/r/base/logical.html'>logical</a> value (<code>TRUE</code>/<code>FALSE</code>) to indicate whether the rule applies to a urinary tract infection (UTI)</p></li>
</ul>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="details"><a class="anchor" href="#details"></a>Details</h2>
<p>The repository of this <code>AMR</code> package contains a file comprising this exact data set: <a href='https://github.com/msberends/AMR/blob/main/data-raw/rsi_translation.txt'>https://github.com/msberends/AMR/blob/main/data-raw/rsi_translation.txt</a>. This file <strong>allows for machine reading EUCAST and CLSI guidelines</strong>, which is almost impossible with the Excel and PDF files distributed by EUCAST and CLSI. The file is updated automatically.</p>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="reference-data-publicly-available"><a class="anchor" href="#reference-data-publicly-available"></a>Reference Data Publicly Available</h2>
<div id="ref-usage">Usage,<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code><span class="va">rsi_translation</span></code></pre></div></div>
<div id="format">
<h2>Format</h2>
<p>A <a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/data.frame.html" class="external-link">data.frame</a> with 22,000 observations and 10 variables:</p><ul><li><p><code>guideline</code><br> Name of the guideline</p></li>
<li><p><code>method</code><br> Either "DISK" or "MIC"</p></li>
<li><p><code>site</code><br> Body site, e.g. "Oral" or "Respiratory"</p></li>
<li><p><code>mo</code><br> Microbial ID, see <code><a href="as.mo.html">as.mo()</a></code></p></li>
<li><p><code>ab</code><br> Antibiotic ID, see <code><a href="as.ab.html">as.ab()</a></code></p></li>
<li><p><code>ref_tbl</code><br> Info about where the guideline rule can be found</p></li>
<li><p><code>disk_dose</code><br> Dose of the used disk diffusion method</p></li>
<li><p><code>breakpoint_S</code><br> Lowest MIC value or highest number of millimetres that leads to "S"</p></li>
<li><p><code>breakpoint_R</code><br> Highest MIC value or lowest number of millimetres that leads to "R"</p></li>
<li><p><code>uti</code><br> A <a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/logical.html" class="external-link">logical</a> value (<code>TRUE</code>/<code>FALSE</code>) to indicate whether the rule applies to a urinary tract infection (UTI)</p></li>
</ul></div>
<div id="details">
<h2>Details</h2>
<p>The repository of this <code>AMR</code> package contains a file comprising this exact data set: <a href="https://github.com/msberends/AMR/blob/main/data-raw/rsi_translation.txt" class="external-link">https://github.com/msberends/AMR/blob/main/data-raw/rsi_translation.txt</a>. This file <strong>allows for machine reading EUCAST and CLSI guidelines</strong>, which is almost impossible with the Excel and PDF files distributed by EUCAST and CLSI. The file is updated automatically.</p>
</div>
<div id="reference-data-publicly-available">
<h2>Reference Data Publicly Available</h2>
<p>All reference data sets (about microorganisms, antibiotics, R/SI interpretation, EUCAST rules, etc.) in this <code>AMR</code> package are publicly and freely available. We continually export our data sets to formats for use in R, SPSS, SAS, Stata and Excel. We also supply flat files that are machine-readable and suitable for input in any software program, such as laboratory information systems. Please find <a href='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/datasets.html'>all download links on our website</a>, which is automatically updated with every code change.</p>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="read-more-on-our-website-"><a class="anchor" href="#read-more-on-our-website-"></a>Read more on Our Website!</h2>
<p>All reference data sets (about microorganisms, antibiotics, R/SI interpretation, EUCAST rules, etc.) in this <code>AMR</code> package are publicly and freely available. We continually export our data sets to formats for use in R, SPSS, SAS, Stata and Excel. We also supply flat files that are machine-readable and suitable for input in any software program, such as laboratory information systems. Please find <a href="https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/datasets.html">all download links on our website</a>, which is automatically updated with every code change.</p>
</div>
<div id="read-more-on-our-website-">
<h2>Read more on Our Website!</h2>
<p>On our website <a href='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/'>https://msberends.github.io/AMR/</a> you can find <a href='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/AMR.html'>a comprehensive tutorial</a> about how to conduct AMR data analysis, the <a href='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/reference/'>complete documentation of all functions</a> and <a href='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/WHONET.html'>an example analysis using WHONET data</a>.</p>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="see-also"><a class="anchor" href="#see-also"></a>See also</h2>
<div class='dont-index'><p><a href='intrinsic_resistant.html'>intrinsic_resistant</a></p></div>
<p>On our website <a href="https://msberends.github.io/AMR/">https://msberends.github.io/AMR/</a> you can find <a href="https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/AMR.html">a comprehensive tutorial</a> about how to conduct AMR data analysis, the <a href="https://msberends.github.io/AMR/reference/">complete documentation of all functions</a> and <a href="https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/WHONET.html">an example analysis using WHONET data</a>.</p>
</div>
<div id="see-also">
<h2>See also</h2>
<div class="dont-index"><p><a href="intrinsic_resistant.html">intrinsic_resistant</a></p></div>
</div>
</div>
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