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dr. M.S. (Matthijs) Berends
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<div class="contents col-md-9">
<div id="amr-for-r" class="section level1">
<div class="page-header"><h1 class="hasAnchor">
<a href="#amr-for-r" class="anchor"></a><code>AMR</code> (for R) <img src="reference/figures/logo.png" align="right" height="120px">
<a href="#amr-for-r" class="anchor"></a><code>AMR</code> (for R) <img src="./logo.png" align="right" height="120px">
</h1></div>
<p><em>(<help title="Too Long, Didn't Read">TLDR</help> - to find out how to conduct AMR analysis, please <a href="./articles/AMR.html">continue reading here to get started</a>.</em></p>
<hr>
<p><code>AMR</code> is a free and open-source <a href="https://www.r-project.org">R package</a> to simplify the analysis and prediction of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) and to work with microbial and antimicrobial properties by using evidence-based methods.</p>
<p>We created this package for academic research at the Faculty of Medical Sciences of the University of Groningen and the Medical Microbiology &amp; Infection Prevention (MMBI) department of the University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG). This R package is free software; you can freely use and distribute it for both personal and commercial (but <strong>not</strong> patent) purposes under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GPL-2), as published by the Free Software Foundation. Read further about our GPL-2 licence <a href="./LICENSE-text.html">here</a>.</p>
<p>We created this package for both academic research and routine analysis at the Faculty of Medical Sciences of the University of Groningen and the Medical Microbiology &amp; Infection Prevention (MMBI) department of the University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG). This R package is actively maintained and free software; you can freely use and distribute it for both personal and commercial (but <strong>not</strong> patent) purposes under the terms of the GNU General Public Licence version 2.0 (GPL-2), as published by the Free Software Foundation. Read the full licence <a href="./LICENSE-text.html">here</a>.</p>
<p>This package can be used for:</p>
<ul>
<li>Calculating antimicrobial resistance</li>
<li>Predicting antimicrobial resistance using regression models</li>
<li>Getting properties for any microorganism (like Gram stain, species, genus or family)</li>
<li>Getting properties for any antibiotic (like name, ATC code, defined daily dose or trade name)</li>
<li>Plotting antimicrobial resistance</li>
<li>Determining first isolates to be used for AMR analysis</li>
<li>Applying EUCAST rules</li>
<li>Determining multi-drug resistance organisms (MDRO)</li>
<li>Descriptive statistics: frequency tables, kurtosis and skewness</li>
</ul>
<p>This package is ready-to-use for a professional environment by specialists in the following fields:</p>
<p>Medical Microbiology:</p>
<p>Medical Microbiology</p>
<ul>
<li>Epidemiologists (both clinical microbiological and research)</li>
<li>Research Microbiologists</li>
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<li>Research Pharmacologists</li>
<li>Data Scientists / Data Analysts</li>
</ul>
<p>Veterinary Microbiology:</p>
<p>Veterinary Microbiology</p>
<ul>
<li>Research Veterinarians</li>
<li>Veterinary Epidemiologists</li>
</ul>
<p>Microbial Ecology:</p>
<p>Microbial Ecology</p>
<ul>
<li>Soil Microbiologists</li>
<li>Extremophile Researchers</li>
<li>Astrobiologists</li>
</ul>
<p>Developers:</p>
<p>Developers</p>
<ul>
<li>Package developers for R</li>
<li>Software developers</li>
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</li>
<li>Use <code><a href="reference/mdro.html">mdro()</a></code> (abbreviation of Multi Drug Resistant Organisms) to check your isolates for exceptional resistance with country-specific guidelines or EUCAST rules. Currently, national guidelines for Germany and the Netherlands are supported.</li>
<li>The data set <code>microorganisms</code> contains the complete taxonomic tree of more than 18,000 microorganisms (bacteria, fungi/yeasts and protozoa). Furthermore, the colloquial name and Gram stain are available, which enables resistance analysis of e.g. different antibiotics per Gram stain. The package also contains functions to look up values in this data set like <code><a href="reference/mo_property.html">mo_genus()</a></code>, <code><a href="reference/mo_property.html">mo_family()</a></code>, <code><a href="reference/mo_property.html">mo_gramstain()</a></code> or even <code><a href="reference/mo_property.html">mo_phylum()</a></code>. As they use <code><a href="reference/as.mo.html">as.mo()</a></code> internally, they also use artificial intelligence. For example, <code><a href="reference/mo_property.html">mo_genus("MRSA")</a></code> and <code><a href="reference/mo_property.html">mo_genus("S. aureus")</a></code> will both return <code>"Staphylococcus"</code>. They also come with support for German, Dutch, Spanish, Italian, French and Portuguese. These functions can be used to add new variables to your data.</li>
<li>The data set <code>antibiotics</code> contains the ATC code, LIS codes, official name, trivial name and DDD of both oral and parenteral administration. It also contains a total of 298 trade names. Use functions like <code><a href="reference/ab_property.html">ab_name()</a></code> and <code><a href="reference/ab_property.html">ab_tradenames()</a></code> to look up values. The <code>ab_*</code> functions use <code><a href="reference/as.atc.html">as.atc()</a></code> internally so they support AI to guess your expected result. For example, <code><a href="reference/ab_property.html">ab_name("Fluclox")</a></code>, <code><a href="reference/ab_property.html">ab_name("Floxapen")</a></code> and <code><a href="reference/ab_property.html">ab_name("J01CF05")</a></code> will all return <code>"Flucloxacillin"</code>. These functions can again be used to add new variables to your data.</li>
<li>The data set <code>antibiotics</code> contains the ATC code, LIS codes, official name, trivial name and DDD of both oral and parenteral administration. It also contains a total of 298 trade names. Use functions like <code><a href="reference/AMR-deprecated.html">ab_name()</a></code> and <code><a href="reference/AMR-deprecated.html">ab_tradenames()</a></code> to look up values. The <code>ab_*</code> functions use <code><a href="reference/as.atc.html">as.atc()</a></code> internally so they support AI to guess your expected result. For example, <code><a href="reference/AMR-deprecated.html">ab_name("Fluclox")</a></code>, <code><a href="reference/AMR-deprecated.html">ab_name("Floxapen")</a></code> and <code><a href="reference/AMR-deprecated.html">ab_name("J01CF05")</a></code> will all return <code>"Flucloxacillin"</code>. These functions can again be used to add new variables to your data.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>