AMR plots with ggplot2

Use these functions to create bar plots for antimicrobial resistance analysis. All functions rely on internal ggplot2 functions.

ggplot_rsi(
  data,
  position = NULL,
  x = "antibiotic",
  fill = "interpretation",
  facet = NULL,
  breaks = seq(0, 1, 0.1),
  limits = NULL,
  translate_ab = "name",
  combine_SI = TRUE,
  combine_IR = FALSE,
  language = get_locale(),
  nrow = NULL,
  colours = c(S = "#61a8ff", SI = "#61a8ff", I = "#61f7ff", IR = "#ff6961", R =
    "#ff6961"),
  datalabels = TRUE,
  datalabels.size = 2.5,
  datalabels.colour = "gray15",
  title = NULL,
  subtitle = NULL,
  caption = NULL,
  x.title = "Antimicrobial",
  y.title = "Proportion",
  ...
)

geom_rsi(
  position = NULL,
  x = c("antibiotic", "interpretation"),
  fill = "interpretation",
  translate_ab = "name",
  language = get_locale(),
  combine_SI = TRUE,
  combine_IR = FALSE,
  ...
)

facet_rsi(facet = c("interpretation", "antibiotic"), nrow = NULL)

scale_y_percent(breaks = seq(0, 1, 0.1), limits = NULL)

scale_rsi_colours(
  colours = c(S = "#61a8ff", SI = "#61a8ff", I = "#61f7ff", IR = "#ff6961", R =
    "#ff6961")
)

theme_rsi()

labels_rsi_count(
  position = NULL,
  x = "antibiotic",
  translate_ab = "name",
  combine_SI = TRUE,
  combine_IR = FALSE,
  datalabels.size = 3,
  datalabels.colour = "gray15"
)

Arguments

data	a data.frame with column(s) of class rsi (see as.rsi())
position	position adjustment of bars, either "fill", "stack" or "dodge"
x	variable to show on x axis, either "antibiotic" (default) or "interpretation" or a grouping variable
fill	variable to categorise using the plots legend, either "antibiotic" (default) or "interpretation" or a grouping variable
facet	variable to split plots by, either "interpretation" (default) or "antibiotic" or a grouping variable
breaks	numeric vector of positions
limits	numeric vector of length two providing limits of the scale, use NA to refer to the existing minimum or maximum
translate_ab	a column name of the antibiotics data set to translate the antibiotic abbreviations to, using ab_property()
combine_SI	a logical to indicate whether all values of S and I must be merged into one, so the output only consists of S+I vs. R (susceptible vs. resistant). This used to be the parameter combine_IR, but this now follows the redefinition by EUCAST about the interpretion of I (increased exposure) in 2019, see section 'Interpretation of S, I and R' below. Default is TRUE.
combine_IR	a logical to indicate whether all values of I and R must be merged into one, so the output only consists of S vs. I+R (susceptible vs. non-susceptible). This is outdated, see parameter combine_SI.
language	language of the returned text, defaults to system language (see get_locale()) and can also be set with getOption("AMR_locale"). Use language = NULL or language = "" to prevent translation.
nrow	(when using facet) number of rows
colours	a named vector with colours for the bars. The names must be one or more of: S, SI, I, IR, R or be FALSE to use default [ggplot2][ggplot2::ggplot() colours.
datalabels	show datalabels using labels_rsi_count()
datalabels.size	size of the datalabels
datalabels.colour	colour of the datalabels
title	text to show as title of the plot
subtitle	text to show as subtitle of the plot
caption	text to show as caption of the plot
x.title	text to show as x axis description
y.title	text to show as y axis description
...	other parameters passed on to geom_rsi()

Details

At default, the names of antibiotics will be shown on the plots using ab_name(). This can be set with the translate_ab parameter. See count_df().

The functions

geom_rsi() will take any variable from the data that has an rsi class (created with as.rsi()) using rsi_df() and will plot bars with the percentage R, I and S. The default behaviour is to have the bars stacked and to have the different antibiotics on the x axis.

facet_rsi() creates 2d plots (at default based on S/I/R) using ggplot2::facet_wrap().

scale_y_percent() transforms the y axis to a 0 to 100% range using ggplot2::scale_continuous().

scale_rsi_colours() sets colours to the bars: pastel blue for S, pastel turquoise for I and pastel red for R, using ggplot2::scale_brewer().

theme_rsi() is a [ggplot2 theme][ggplot2::theme() with minimal distraction.

labels_rsi_count() print datalabels on the bars with percentage and amount of isolates using ggplot2::geom_text()

ggplot_rsi() is a wrapper around all above functions that uses data as first input. This makes it possible to use this function after a pipe (%>%). See Examples.

Maturing lifecycle

The lifecycle of this function is maturing. The unlying code of a maturing function has been roughed out, but finer details might still change. We will strive to maintain backward compatibility, but the function needs wider usage and more extensive testing in order to optimise the unlying code.

Read more on our website!

On our website https://msberends.gitlab.io/AMR you can find a comprehensive tutorial about how to conduct AMR analysis, the complete documentation of all functions (which reads a lot easier than here in R) and an example analysis using WHONET data.

Examples

library(dplyr)
library(ggplot2)

# get antimicrobial results for drugs against a UTI:
ggplot(example_isolates %>% select(AMX, NIT, FOS, TMP, CIP)) +
  geom_rsi()

# prettify the plot using some additional functions:
df <- example_isolates %>% select(AMX, NIT, FOS, TMP, CIP)
ggplot(df) +
  geom_rsi() +
  scale_y_percent() +
  scale_rsi_colours() +
  labels_rsi_count() +
  theme_rsi()

# or better yet, simplify this using the wrapper function - a single command:
example_isolates %>%
  select(AMX, NIT, FOS, TMP, CIP) %>%
  ggplot_rsi()

# get only proportions and no counts:
example_isolates %>%
  select(AMX, NIT, FOS, TMP, CIP) %>%
  ggplot_rsi(datalabels = FALSE)

# add other ggplot2 parameters as you like:
example_isolates %>%
  select(AMX, NIT, FOS, TMP, CIP) %>%
  ggplot_rsi(width = 0.5,
             colour = "black",
             size = 1,
             linetype = 2,
             alpha = 0.25)

example_isolates %>%
  select(AMX) %>%
  ggplot_rsi(colours = c(SI = "yellow"))

if (FALSE) {

# resistance of ciprofloxacine per age group
example_isolates %>%
  mutate(first_isolate = first_isolate(.)) %>%
  filter(first_isolate == TRUE,
         mo == as.mo("E. coli")) %>%
  # `age_group` is also a function of this package:
  group_by(age_group = age_groups(age)) %>%
  select(age_group,
         CIP) %>%
  ggplot_rsi(x = "age_group")

# for colourblind mode, use divergent colours from the viridis package:
example_isolates %>%
  select(AMX, NIT, FOS, TMP, CIP) %>%
  ggplot_rsi() + scale_fill_viridis_d()
# a shorter version which also adjusts data label colours:
example_isolates %>%
  select(AMX, NIT, FOS, TMP, CIP) %>%
  ggplot_rsi(colours = FALSE)


# it also supports groups (don't forget to use the group var on `x` or `facet`):
example_isolates %>%
  select(hospital_id, AMX, NIT, FOS, TMP, CIP) %>%
  group_by(hospital_id) %>%
  ggplot_rsi(x = "hospital_id",
             facet = "antibiotic",
             nrow = 1,
             title = "AMR of Anti-UTI Drugs Per Hospital",
             x.title = "Hospital",
             datalabels = FALSE)

# genuine analysis: check 3 most prevalent microorganisms
example_isolates %>%
  # create new bacterial ID's, with all CoNS under the same group (Becker et al.)
  mutate(mo = as.mo(mo, Becker = TRUE)) %>%
  # filter on top three bacterial ID's
  filter(mo %in% top_freq(freq(.$mo), 3)) %>%
  # filter on first isolates
  filter_first_isolate() %>%
  # get short MO names (like "E. coli")
  mutate(bug = mo_shortname(mo, Becker = TRUE)) %>%
  # select this short name and some antiseptic drugs
  select(bug, CXM, GEN, CIP) %>%
  # group by MO
  group_by(bug) %>%
  # plot the thing, putting MOs on the facet
  ggplot_rsi(x = "antibiotic",
             facet = "bug",
             translate_ab = FALSE,
             nrow = 1,
             title = "AMR of Top Three Microorganisms In Blood Culture Isolates",
             subtitle = expression(paste("Only First Isolates, CoNS grouped according to Becker ",
                                         italic("et al."), " (2014)")),
             x.title = "Antibiotic (EARS-Net code)")
}