# ==================================================================== # # TITLE # # Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Data Analysis for R # # # # SOURCE # # https://github.com/msberends/AMR # # # # LICENCE # # (c) 2018-2022 Berends MS, Luz CF et al. # # Developed at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, in # # collaboration with non-profit organisations Certe Medical # # Diagnostics & Advice, and University Medical Center Groningen. # # # # This R package is free software; you can freely use and distribute # # it for both personal and commercial purposes under the terms of the # # GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GNU GPL-2), as published by # # the Free Software Foundation. # # We created this package for both routine data analysis and academic # # research and it was publicly released in the hope that it will be # # useful, but it comes WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OR LIABILITY. # # # # Visit our website for the full manual and a complete tutorial about # # how to conduct AMR data analysis: https://msberends.github.io/AMR/ # # ==================================================================== # #' Calculate Microbial Resistance #' #' @description These functions can be used to calculate the (co-)resistance or susceptibility of microbial isolates (i.e. percentage of S, SI, I, IR or R). All functions support quasiquotation with pipes, can be used in `summarise()` from the `dplyr` package and also support grouped variables, see *Examples*. #' #' [resistance()] should be used to calculate resistance, [susceptibility()] should be used to calculate susceptibility.\cr #' @inheritSection lifecycle Stable Lifecycle #' @param ... one or more vectors (or columns) with antibiotic interpretations. They will be transformed internally with [as.rsi()] if needed. Use multiple columns to calculate (the lack of) co-resistance: the probability where one of two drugs have a resistant or susceptible result. See *Examples*. #' @param minimum the minimum allowed number of available (tested) isolates. Any isolate count lower than `minimum` will return `NA` with a warning. The default number of `30` isolates is advised by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) as best practice, see *Source*. #' @param as_percent a [logical] to indicate whether the output must be returned as a hundred fold with % sign (a character). A value of `0.123456` will then be returned as `"12.3%"`. #' @param only_all_tested (for combination therapies, i.e. using more than one variable for `...`): a [logical] to indicate that isolates must be tested for all antibiotics, see section *Combination Therapy* below #' @param data a [data.frame] containing columns with class [`rsi`] (see [as.rsi()]) #' @param translate_ab a column name of the [antibiotics] data set to translate the antibiotic abbreviations to, using [ab_property()] #' @inheritParams ab_property #' @param combine_SI a [logical] to indicate whether all values of S and I must be merged into one, so the output only consists of S+I vs. R (susceptible vs. resistant). This used to be the argument `combine_IR`, but this now follows the redefinition by EUCAST about the interpretation of I (increased exposure) in 2019, see section 'Interpretation of S, I and R' below. Default is `TRUE`. #' @param combine_IR a [logical] to indicate whether all values of I and R must be merged into one, so the output only consists of S vs. I+R (susceptible vs. non-susceptible). This is outdated, see argument `combine_SI`. #' @inheritSection as.rsi Interpretation of R and S/I #' @details #' The function [resistance()] is equal to the function [proportion_R()]. The function [susceptibility()] is equal to the function [proportion_SI()]. #' #' **Remember that you should filter your data to let it contain only first isolates!** This is needed to exclude duplicates and to reduce selection bias. Use [first_isolate()] to determine them in your data set. #' #' These functions are not meant to count isolates, but to calculate the proportion of resistance/susceptibility. Use the [`count()`][AMR::count()] functions to count isolates. The function [susceptibility()] is essentially equal to `count_susceptible() / count_all()`. *Low counts can influence the outcome - the `proportion` functions may camouflage this, since they only return the proportion (albeit being dependent on the `minimum` argument).* #' #' The function [proportion_df()] takes any variable from `data` that has an [`rsi`] class (created with [as.rsi()]) and calculates the proportions R, I and S. It also supports grouped variables. The function [rsi_df()] works exactly like [proportion_df()], but adds the number of isolates. #' @section Combination Therapy: #' When using more than one variable for `...` (= combination therapy), use `only_all_tested` to only count isolates that are tested for all antibiotics/variables that you test them for. See this example for two antibiotics, Drug A and Drug B, about how [susceptibility()] works to calculate the %SI: #' #' ``` #' -------------------------------------------------------------------- #' only_all_tested = FALSE only_all_tested = TRUE #' ----------------------- ----------------------- #' Drug A Drug B include as include as include as include as #' numerator denominator numerator denominator #' -------- -------- ---------- ----------- ---------- ----------- #' S or I S or I X X X X #' R S or I X X X X #' S or I X X - - #' S or I R X X X X #' R R - X - X #' R - - - - #' S or I X X - - #' R - - - - #' - - - - #' -------------------------------------------------------------------- #' ``` #' #' Please note that, in combination therapies, for `only_all_tested = TRUE` applies that: #' ``` #' count_S() + count_I() + count_R() = count_all() #' proportion_S() + proportion_I() + proportion_R() = 1 #' ``` #' and that, in combination therapies, for `only_all_tested = FALSE` applies that: #' ``` #' count_S() + count_I() + count_R() >= count_all() #' proportion_S() + proportion_I() + proportion_R() >= 1 #' ``` #' #' Using `only_all_tested` has no impact when only using one antibiotic as input. #' @source **M39 Analysis and Presentation of Cumulative Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test Data, 4th Edition**, 2014, *Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)*. . #' @seealso [AMR::count()] to count resistant and susceptible isolates. #' @return A [double] or, when `as_percent = TRUE`, a [character]. #' @rdname proportion #' @aliases portion #' @name proportion #' @export #' @inheritSection AMR Read more on Our Website! #' @examples #' # example_isolates is a data set available in the AMR package. #' ?example_isolates #' #' resistance(example_isolates$AMX) # determines %R #' susceptibility(example_isolates$AMX) # determines %S+I #' #' # be more specific #' proportion_S(example_isolates$AMX) #' proportion_SI(example_isolates$AMX) #' proportion_I(example_isolates$AMX) #' proportion_IR(example_isolates$AMX) #' proportion_R(example_isolates$AMX) #' #' \donttest{ #' if (require("dplyr")) { #' example_isolates %>% #' group_by(hospital_id) %>% #' summarise(r = resistance(CIP), #' n = n_rsi(CIP)) # n_rsi works like n_distinct in dplyr, see ?n_rsi #' #' example_isolates %>% #' group_by(hospital_id) %>% #' summarise(R = resistance(CIP, as_percent = TRUE), #' SI = susceptibility(CIP, as_percent = TRUE), #' n1 = count_all(CIP), # the actual total; sum of all three #' n2 = n_rsi(CIP), # same - analogous to n_distinct #' total = n()) # NOT the number of tested isolates! #' #' # Calculate co-resistance between amoxicillin/clav acid and gentamicin, #' # so we can see that combination therapy does a lot more than mono therapy: #' example_isolates %>% susceptibility(AMC) # %SI = 76.3% #' example_isolates %>% count_all(AMC) # n = 1879 #' #' example_isolates %>% susceptibility(GEN) # %SI = 75.4% #' example_isolates %>% count_all(GEN) # n = 1855 #' #' example_isolates %>% susceptibility(AMC, GEN) # %SI = 94.1% #' example_isolates %>% count_all(AMC, GEN) # n = 1939 #' #' #' # See Details on how `only_all_tested` works. Example: #' example_isolates %>% #' summarise(numerator = count_susceptible(AMC, GEN), #' denominator = count_all(AMC, GEN), #' proportion = susceptibility(AMC, GEN)) #' #' example_isolates %>% #' summarise(numerator = count_susceptible(AMC, GEN, only_all_tested = TRUE), #' denominator = count_all(AMC, GEN, only_all_tested = TRUE), #' proportion = susceptibility(AMC, GEN, only_all_tested = TRUE)) #' #' #' example_isolates %>% #' group_by(hospital_id) %>% #' summarise(cipro_p = susceptibility(CIP, as_percent = TRUE), #' cipro_n = count_all(CIP), #' genta_p = susceptibility(GEN, as_percent = TRUE), #' genta_n = count_all(GEN), #' combination_p = susceptibility(CIP, GEN, as_percent = TRUE), #' combination_n = count_all(CIP, GEN)) #' #' # Get proportions S/I/R immediately of all rsi columns #' example_isolates %>% #' select(AMX, CIP) %>% #' proportion_df(translate = FALSE) #' #' # It also supports grouping variables #' example_isolates %>% #' select(hospital_id, AMX, CIP) %>% #' group_by(hospital_id) %>% #' proportion_df(translate = FALSE) #' } #' } resistance <- function(..., minimum = 30, as_percent = FALSE, only_all_tested = FALSE) { tryCatch( rsi_calc(..., ab_result = "R", minimum = minimum, as_percent = as_percent, only_all_tested = only_all_tested, only_count = FALSE), error = function(e) stop_(e$message, call = -5)) } #' @rdname proportion #' @export susceptibility <- function(..., minimum = 30, as_percent = FALSE, only_all_tested = FALSE) { tryCatch( rsi_calc(..., ab_result = c("S", "I"), minimum = minimum, as_percent = as_percent, only_all_tested = only_all_tested, only_count = FALSE), error = function(e) stop_(e$message, call = -5)) } #' @rdname proportion #' @export proportion_R <- function(..., minimum = 30, as_percent = FALSE, only_all_tested = FALSE) { tryCatch( rsi_calc(..., ab_result = "R", minimum = minimum, as_percent = as_percent, only_all_tested = only_all_tested, only_count = FALSE), error = function(e) stop_(e$message, call = -5)) } #' @rdname proportion #' @export proportion_IR <- function(..., minimum = 30, as_percent = FALSE, only_all_tested = FALSE) { tryCatch( rsi_calc(..., ab_result = c("I", "R"), minimum = minimum, as_percent = as_percent, only_all_tested = only_all_tested, only_count = FALSE), error = function(e) stop_(e$message, call = -5)) } #' @rdname proportion #' @export proportion_I <- function(..., minimum = 30, as_percent = FALSE, only_all_tested = FALSE) { tryCatch( rsi_calc(..., ab_result = "I", minimum = minimum, as_percent = as_percent, only_all_tested = only_all_tested, only_count = FALSE), error = function(e) stop_(e$message, call = -5)) } #' @rdname proportion #' @export proportion_SI <- function(..., minimum = 30, as_percent = FALSE, only_all_tested = FALSE) { tryCatch( rsi_calc(..., ab_result = c("S", "I"), minimum = minimum, as_percent = as_percent, only_all_tested = only_all_tested, only_count = FALSE), error = function(e) stop_(e$message, call = -5)) } #' @rdname proportion #' @export proportion_S <- function(..., minimum = 30, as_percent = FALSE, only_all_tested = FALSE) { tryCatch( rsi_calc(..., ab_result = "S", minimum = minimum, as_percent = as_percent, only_all_tested = only_all_tested, only_count = FALSE), error = function(e) stop_(e$message, call = -5)) } #' @rdname proportion #' @export proportion_df <- function(data, translate_ab = "name", language = get_AMR_locale(), minimum = 30, as_percent = FALSE, combine_SI = TRUE, combine_IR = FALSE) { tryCatch( rsi_calc_df(type = "proportion", data = data, translate_ab = translate_ab, language = language, minimum = minimum, as_percent = as_percent, combine_SI = combine_SI, combine_IR = combine_IR, combine_SI_missing = missing(combine_SI)), error = function(e) stop_(e$message, call = -5)) }