library(dplyr) # got EARS-Net codes (= ECDC/WHO codes) from here: # Installed WHONET 2019 software on Windows (http://www.whonet.org/software.html), # opened C:\WHONET\Codes\WHONETCodes.mdb in MS Access # and exported table 'DRGLST' to MS Excel library(readxl) DRGLST <- read_excel("DRGLST.xlsx") abx <- DRGLST %>% select(ab = WHON5_CODE, name = ANTIBIOTIC) %>% # remove the ones without WHONET code filter(!is.na(ab)) %>% distinct(name, .keep_all = TRUE) %>% # add the ones without WHONET code bind_rows( DRGLST %>% select(ab = WHON5_CODE, name = ANTIBIOTIC) %>% filter(is.na(ab)) %>% distinct(name, .keep_all = TRUE) # add new ab code later ) %>% arrange(name) # add old ATC codes ab_old <- AMR::antibiotics %>% mutate(official = gsub("( and |, )", "/", official), abbr = tolower(paste(ifelse(is.na(abbr), "", abbr), ifelse(is.na(certe), "", certe), ifelse(is.na(umcg), "", umcg), sep = "|"))) for (i in 1:nrow(ab_old)) { abbr <- ab_old[i, "abbr"] abbr <- strsplit(abbr, "|", fixed = TRUE) %>% unlist() %>% unique() abbr <- abbr[abbr != ""] #print(abbr) if (length(abbr) == 0) { ab_old[i, "abbr"] <- NA_character_ } else { ab_old[i, "abbr"] <- paste(abbr, collapse = "|") } } # create reference data set: to be able to map ab to atc abx_atc1 <- abx %>% mutate(name_lower = tolower(name)) %>% left_join(ab_old %>% select(ears_net, atc), by = c(ab = "ears_net")) %>% rename(atc1 = atc) %>% left_join(ab_old %>% mutate(official = gsub(", combinations", "", official, fixed = TRUE)) %>% transmute(official = tolower(official), atc), by = c(name_lower = "official")) %>% rename(atc2 = atc) %>% left_join(ab_old %>% mutate(official = gsub(", combinations", "", official, fixed = TRUE)) %>% mutate(official = gsub("f", "ph", official)) %>% transmute(official = tolower(official), atc), by = c(name_lower = "official")) %>% rename(atc3 = atc) %>% left_join(ab_old %>% mutate(official = gsub(", combinations", "", official, fixed = TRUE)) %>% mutate(official = gsub("t", "th", official)) %>% transmute(official = tolower(official), atc), by = c(name_lower = "official")) %>% rename(atc4 = atc) %>% left_join(ab_old %>% mutate(official = gsub(", combinations", "", official, fixed = TRUE)) %>% mutate(official = gsub("f", "ph", official)) %>% mutate(official = gsub("t", "th", official)) %>% transmute(official = tolower(official), atc), by = c(name_lower = "official")) %>% rename(atc5 = atc) %>% left_join(ab_old %>% mutate(official = gsub(", combinations", "", official, fixed = TRUE)) %>% mutate(official = gsub("f", "ph", official)) %>% mutate(official = gsub("t", "th", official)) %>% mutate(official = gsub("ine$", "in", official)) %>% transmute(official = tolower(official), atc), by = c(name_lower = "official")) %>% rename(atc6 = atc) %>% mutate(atc = case_when(!is.na(atc1) ~ atc1, !is.na(atc2) ~ atc2, !is.na(atc3) ~ atc3, !is.na(atc4) ~ atc4, !is.na(atc4) ~ atc5, TRUE ~ atc6)) %>% distinct(ab, name, .keep_all = TRUE) %>% select(ab, atc, name) abx_atc2 <- ab_old %>% filter(!atc %in% abx_atc1$atc, is.na(ears_net), !is.na(atc_group1), !atc_group1 %like% ("virus|vaccin|viral|immun"), !official %like% "(combinations| with )") %>% mutate(ab = NA_character_) %>% as.data.frame(stringsAsFactors = FALSE) %>% select(ab, atc, name = official) abx2 <- bind_rows(abx_atc1, abx_atc2) rm(abx_atc1) rm(abx_atc2) abx2$ab[is.na(abx2$ab)] <- toupper(abbreviate(gsub("[/0-9-]", " ", abx2$name[is.na(abx2$ab)]), minlength = 3, method = "left.kept", strict = TRUE)) n_distinct(abx2$ab) abx2 <- abx2 %>% arrange(ab) seqnr <- 0 # add follow up nrs for (i in 2:nrow(abx2)) { if (abx2[i, "ab"] == abx2[i - 1, "ab"]) { seqnr <- seqnr + 1 abx2[i, "seqnr"] <- seqnr } else { seqnr <- 0 } } for (i in 2:nrow(abx2)) { if (!is.na(abx2[i, "seqnr"])) { abx2[i, "ab"] <- paste0(abx2[i, "ab"], abx2[i, "seqnr"]) } } abx2 <- abx2 %>% select(-seqnr) %>% arrange(name) # everything unique?? nrow(abx2) == n_distinct(abx2$ab) # get ATC properties abx2 <- abx2 %>% left_join(ab_old %>% select(atc, abbr, atc_group1, atc_group2, oral_ddd, oral_units, iv_ddd, iv_units)) abx2$abbr <- lapply(as.list(abx2$abbr), function(x) unlist(strsplit(x, "|", fixed = TRUE))) # vector with official names, returns vector with CIDs get_CID <- function(ab) { CID <- rep(NA_integer_, length(ab)) p <- progress_estimated(n = length(ab), min_time = 0) for (i in 1:length(ab)) { p$tick()$print() CID[i] <- tryCatch( data.table::fread(paste0("https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/name/", URLencode(ab[i], reserved = TRUE), "/cids/TXT?name_type=complete"), showProgress = FALSE)[[1]][1], error = function(e) NA_integer_) if (is.na(CID[i])) { # try with removing the text in brackets CID[i] <- tryCatch( data.table::fread(paste0("https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/name/", URLencode(trimws(gsub("[(].*[)]", "", ab[i])), reserved = TRUE), "/cids/TXT?name_type=complete"), showProgress = FALSE)[[1]][1], error = function(e) NA_integer_) } if (is.na(CID[i])) { # try match on word and take the lowest CID value (sorted) ab[i] <- gsub("[^a-z0-9]+", " ", ab[i], ignore.case = TRUE) CID[i] <- tryCatch( data.table::fread(paste0("https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/name/", URLencode(ab[i], reserved = TRUE), "/cids/TXT?name_type=word"), showProgress = FALSE)[[1]][1], error = function(e) NA_integer_) } Sys.sleep(0.1) } CID } # get CIDs (2-3 min) CIDs <- get_CID(abx2$name) # These could not be found: abx2[is.na(CIDs),] %>% View() # returns list with synonyms (brand names), with CIDs as names get_synonyms <- function(CID, clean = TRUE) { synonyms <- rep(NA_character_, length(CID)) p <- progress_estimated(n = length(CID), min_time = 0) for (i in 1:length(CID)) { p$tick()$print() synonyms_txt <- "" if (is.na(CID[i])) { next } synonyms_txt <- tryCatch( data.table::fread(paste0("https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/fastidentity/cid/", CID[i], "/synonyms/TXT"), sep = "\n", showProgress = FALSE)[[1]], error = function(e) NA_character_) Sys.sleep(0.1) if (clean == TRUE) { # remove text between brackets synonyms_txt <- trimws(gsub("[(].*[)]", "", gsub("[[].*[]]", "", gsub("[(].*[]]", "", gsub("[[].*[)]", "", synonyms_txt))))) synonyms_txt <- gsub("Co-", "Co", synonyms_txt, fixed = TRUE) # only length 6 to 20 and no txt with reading marks or numbers and must start with capital letter (= brand) synonyms_txt <- synonyms_txt[nchar(synonyms_txt) %in% c(6:20) & !grepl("[-&{},_0-9/]", synonyms_txt) & grepl("^[A-Z]", synonyms_txt, ignore.case = FALSE)] synonyms_txt <- unlist(strsplit(synonyms_txt, ";", fixed = TRUE)) } synonyms_txt <- unique(trimws(synonyms_txt[tolower(synonyms_txt) %in% unique(tolower(synonyms_txt))])) synonyms[i] <- list(sort(synonyms_txt)) } names(synonyms) <- CID synonyms } # get brand names from PubChem (2-3 min) synonyms <- get_synonyms(CIDs) synonyms <- lapply(synonyms, function(x) { if (length(x) == 0 | all(is.na(x))) { "" } else { x }}) # add them to data set antibiotics <- abx2 %>% left_join(DRGLST %>% select(ab = WHON5_CODE, CLASS, SUBCLASS) %>% distinct(ab, .keep_all = TRUE), by = "ab") %>% transmute(ab, atc, cid = CIDs, # no capital after a slash: Ampicillin/Sulbactam -> Ampicillin/sulbactam name = name %>% gsub("([/-])([A-Z])", "\\1\\L\\2", ., perl = TRUE) %>% gsub("edta", "EDTA", ., ignore.case = TRUE), group = case_when( paste(atc_group1, atc_group2, CLASS, SUBCLASS) %like% "am(ph|f)enicol" ~ "Amphenicols", paste(atc_group1, atc_group2, CLASS, SUBCLASS) %like% "aminoglycoside" ~ "Aminoglycosides", paste(atc_group1, atc_group2, CLASS, SUBCLASS) %like% "carbapenem" | name %like% "(imipenem|meropenem)" ~ "Carbapenems", paste(atc_group1, atc_group2, CLASS, SUBCLASS) %like% "First-generation cephalosporin" ~ "Cephalosporins (1st gen.)", paste(atc_group1, atc_group2, CLASS, SUBCLASS) %like% "Second-generation cephalosporin" ~ "Cephalosporins (2nd gen.)", paste(atc_group1, atc_group2, CLASS, SUBCLASS) %like% "Third-generation cephalosporin" ~ "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)", paste(atc_group1, atc_group2, CLASS, SUBCLASS) %like% "Fourth-generation cephalosporin" ~ "Cephalosporins (4th gen.)", paste(atc_group1, atc_group2, CLASS, SUBCLASS) %like% "(tuberculosis|mycobacter)" ~ "Antimycobacterials", paste(atc_group1, atc_group2, CLASS, SUBCLASS) %like% "cephalosporin" ~ "Cephalosporins", name %like% "^Ce" & is.na(atc_group1) & paste(atc_group1, atc_group2, CLASS, SUBCLASS) %like% "beta-?lactam" ~ "Cephalosporins", paste(atc_group1, atc_group2, CLASS, SUBCLASS) %like% "(beta-?lactam|penicillin)" ~ "Beta-lactams/penicillins", paste(atc_group1, atc_group2, CLASS, SUBCLASS) %like% "quinolone" ~ "Quinolones", paste(atc_group1, atc_group2, CLASS, SUBCLASS) %like% "glycopeptide" ~ "Glycopeptides", paste(atc_group1, atc_group2, CLASS, SUBCLASS) %like% "macrolide" ~ "Macrolides/lincosamides", paste(atc_group1, atc_group2, CLASS, SUBCLASS) %like% "tetracycline" ~ "Tetracyclines", paste(atc_group1, atc_group2, CLASS, SUBCLASS) %like% "trimethoprim" ~ "Trimethoprims", paste(atc_group1, atc_group2, CLASS, SUBCLASS) %like% "polymyxin" ~ "Polymyxins", paste(atc_group1, atc_group2, CLASS, SUBCLASS) %like% "(fungal|mycot)" ~ "Antifungals/antimycotics", TRUE ~ "Other antibacterials" ), atc_group1, atc_group2, abbreviations = unname(abbr), synonyms = unname(synonyms), oral_ddd, oral_units, iv_ddd, iv_units) %>% as.data.frame(stringsAsFactors = FALSE) # some exceptions antibiotics[which(antibiotics$ab == "DOX"), "abbreviations"][[1]] <- list(c("dox", "doxy")) antibiotics[which(antibiotics$ab == "FLC"), "abbreviations"][[1]] <- list(c("clox")) antibiotics[which(antibiotics$ab == "CEC"), "abbreviations"][[1]] <- list(c(antibiotics[which(antibiotics$ab == "CEC"), "abbreviations"][[1]], "CFC")) # cefaclor old WHONET4 code antibiotics[which(antibiotics$ab == "AMX"), "synonyms"][[1]] <- list(sort(c(antibiotics[which(antibiotics$ab == "AMX"), "synonyms"][[1]], "Amoxy"))) # 'Polymixin B' (POL) and 'Polymyxin B' (PLB) both exist, so: antibiotics[which(antibiotics$ab == "PLB"), "abbreviations"][[1]] <- list(c(antibiotics[which(antibiotics$ab == "PLB"), "abbreviations"][[1]], "POL", "Polymixin", "Polymixin B")) antibiotics <- filter(antibiotics, ab != "POL") # 'Latamoxef' (LTM) and 'Moxalactam (Latamoxef)' (MOX) both exist, so: antibiotics[which(antibiotics$ab == "LTM"), "abbreviations"][[1]] <- list(c("MOX", "moxa")) antibiotics <- filter(antibiotics, ab != "MOX") # RFP and RFP1 (the J0 one) both mean 'rifapentine', although 'rifp' is not recognised, so: antibiotics <- filter(antibiotics, ab != "RFP") antibiotics[which(antibiotics$ab == "RFP1"), "ab"] <- "RFP" antibiotics[which(antibiotics$ab == "RFP"), "abbreviations"][[1]] <- list(c("rifp")) # Rifampicin is better known as a drug than Rifampin (Rifampin is still listed as a brand name), so: antibiotics[which(antibiotics$ab == "RIF"), "name"] <- "Rifampicin" # PME and PVM1 (the J0 one) both mean 'Pivmecillinam', so: antibiotics <- filter(antibiotics, ab != "PME") antibiotics[which(antibiotics$ab == "PVM1"), "ab"] <- "PME" # Remove Sinecatechins antibiotics <- filter(antibiotics, ab != "SNC") # ESBL E-test codes: antibiotics[which(antibiotics$ab == "CCV"), "abbreviations"][[1]] <- list(c("xtzl")) antibiotics[which(antibiotics$ab == "CAZ"), "abbreviations"][[1]] <- list(c(antibiotics[which(antibiotics$ab == "CAZ"), "abbreviations"][[1]], "xtz", "cefta")) antibiotics[which(antibiotics$ab == "CPC"), "abbreviations"][[1]] <- list(c("xpml")) antibiotics[which(antibiotics$ab == "FEP"), "abbreviations"][[1]] <- list(c(antibiotics[which(antibiotics$ab == "FEP"), "abbreviations"][[1]], "xpm")) antibiotics[which(antibiotics$ab == "CTC"), "abbreviations"][[1]] <- list(c("xctl")) antibiotics[which(antibiotics$ab == "CTX"), "abbreviations"][[1]] <- list(c(antibiotics[which(antibiotics$ab == "CTX"), "abbreviations"][[1]], "xct")) # High level Gentamcin and Streptomycin antibiotics[which(antibiotics$ab == "GEH"), "abbreviations"][[1]] <- list(c("gehl", "gentamicin high", "genta high")) antibiotics[which(antibiotics$ab == "STH"), "abbreviations"][[1]] <- list(c("sthl", "streptomycin high", "strepto high")) # add imi to imipenem antibiotics[which(antibiotics$ab == "IPM"), "abbreviations"][[1]] <- list(c("imip", "imi", "imp")) ## new ATC codes # ceftaroline antibiotics[which(antibiotics$ab == "CPT"), "atc"] <- "J01DI02" # faropenem antibiotics[which(antibiotics$ab == "FAR"), "atc"] <- "J01DI03" # ceftobiprole antibiotics[which(antibiotics$ab == "BPR"), "atc"] <- "J01DI01" # typo antibiotics[which(antibiotics$ab == "RXT"), "name"] <- "Roxithromycin" antibiotics[which(antibiotics$ab == "PEN"), "atc"] <- "J01CE01" antibiotics <- antibiotics %>% arrange(name) # set cephalosporins groups for the ones that could not be determined automatically: antibiotics <- antibiotics %>% mutate(group = case_when( name == "Cefcapene" ~ "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)", name == "Cefcapene pivoxil" ~ "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)", name == "Cefditoren pivoxil" ~ "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)", name == "Cefepime/clavulanic acid" ~ "Cephalosporins (4th gen.)", name == "Cefepime/tazobactam" ~ "Cephalosporins (4th gen.)", name == "Cefetamet pivoxil" ~ "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)", name == "Cefetecol (Cefcatacol)" ~ "Cephalosporins (4th gen.)", name == "Cefetrizole" ~ "Cephalosporins (unclassified gen.)", name == "Cefoselis" ~ "Cephalosporins (4th gen.)", name == "Cefotaxime/clavulanic acid" ~ "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)", name == "Cefotaxime/sulbactam" ~ "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)", name == "Cefotiam hexetil" ~ "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)", name == "Cefovecin" ~ "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)", name == "Cefozopran" ~ "Cephalosporins (4th gen.)", name == "Cefpimizole" ~ "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)", name == "Cefpodoxime proxetil" ~ "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)", name == "Cefpodoxime/clavulanic acid" ~ "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)", name == "Cefquinome" ~ "Cephalosporins (4th gen.)", name == "Cefsumide" ~ "Cephalosporins (unclassified gen.)", name == "Ceftaroline" ~ "Cephalosporins (5th gen.)", name == "Ceftaroline/avibactam" ~ "Cephalosporins (5th gen.)", name == "Ceftazidime/avibactam" ~ "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)", name == "Cefteram" ~ "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)", name == "Cefteram pivoxil" ~ "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)", name == "Ceftiofur" ~ "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)", name == "Ceftizoxime alapivoxil" ~ "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)", name == "Ceftobiprole" ~ "Cephalosporins (5th gen.)", name == "Ceftobiprole medocaril" ~ "Cephalosporins (5th gen.)", name == "Ceftolozane/enzyme inhibitor" ~ "Cephalosporins (5th gen.)", name == "Ceftolozane/tazobactam" ~ "Cephalosporins (5th gen.)", name == "Cefuroxime axetil" ~ "Cephalosporins (2nd gen.)", TRUE ~ group)) # set as data.frame again antibiotics <- as.data.frame(antibiotics, stringsAsFactors = FALSE) class(antibiotics$ab) <- "ab" dim(antibiotics) # for R/data.R usethis::use_data(antibiotics, overwrite = TRUE) rm(antibiotics)