Determine multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO)

Determine which isolates are multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) according to country-specific guidelines.

mdro(x, country = NULL, guideline = NULL, col_mo = NULL,
  info = TRUE, verbose = FALSE, ...)

brmo(..., country = "nl")

mrgn(x, country = "de", ...)

mdr_tb(x, guideline = "TB", ...)

eucast_exceptional_phenotypes(x, guideline = "EUCAST", ...)

Arguments

x

table with antibiotic columns, like e.g. AMX and AMC
country

country code to determine guidelines. Should be or a code from the list of ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country codes. Case-insensitive.
guideline

a specific guideline to mention. For some countries this will be determined automatically, see Details. EUCAST guidelines will be used when left empty, see Details.
col_mo

column name of the unique IDs of the microorganisms (see mo), defaults to the first column of class mo. Values will be coerced using as.mo.
info

print progress
verbose

print additional info: missing antibiotic columns per parameter
...

column name of an antibiotic, see section Antibiotics

Value

Ordered factor with levels Negative < Positive, unconfirmed < Positive.

Details

When country is set, the parameter guideline will be ignored as these guidelines will be used:

  • country = "nl": Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu "WIP-richtlijn BRMO (Bijzonder Resistente Micro-Organismen) [ZKH]" (link)

Please suggest your own country's specific guidelines by letting us know: https://gitlab.com/msberends/AMR/issues/new.

Other currently supported guidelines are:

  • guideline = "eucast": EUCAST Expert Rules Version 3.1 "Intrinsic Resistance and Exceptional Phenotypes Tables" (link)

  • guideline = "tb": World Health Organization "Companion handbook to the WHO guidelines for the programmatic management of drug-resistant tuberculosis" (link)

Antibiotics

To define antibiotics column names, leave as it is to determine it automatically with guess_ab_col or input a text (case-insensitive), or use NULL to skip a column (e.g. TIC = NULL to skip ticarcillin). Manually defined but non-existing columns will be skipped with a warning.

The following antibiotics are used for the functions eucast_rules and mdro. These are shown in the format 'antimicrobial ID: name (ATC code)', sorted by name:

AMK: amikacin (J01GB06), AMX: amoxicillin (J01CA04), AMC: amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (J01CR02), AMP: ampicillin (J01CA01), AZM: azithromycin (J01FA10), AZL: azlocillin (J01CA09), ATM: aztreonam (J01DF01), CAP: capreomycin (J04AB30), RID: cefaloridine (J01DB02), CZO: cefazolin (J01DB04), FEP: cefepime (J01DE01), CTX: cefotaxime (J01DD01), FOX: cefoxitin (J01DC01), CED: cefradine (J01DB09), CAZ: ceftazidime (J01DD02), CRO: ceftriaxone (J01DD04), CXM: cefuroxime (J01DC02), CHL: chloramphenicol (J01BA01), CIP: ciprofloxacin (J01MA02), CLR: clarithromycin (J01FA09), CLI: clindamycin (J01FF01), COL: colistin (J01XB01), DAP: daptomycin (J01XX09), DOX: doxycycline (J01AA02), ETP: ertapenem (J01DH03), ERY: erythromycin (J01FA01), ETH: ethambutol (J04AK02), FLC: flucloxacillin (J01CF05), FOS: fosfomycin (J01XX01), FUS: fusidic acid (J01XC01), GAT: gatifloxacin (J01MA16), GEN: gentamicin (J01GB03), IPM: imipenem (J01DH51), INH: isoniazid (J04AC01), KAN: kanamycin (J01GB04), LVX: levofloxacin (J01MA12), LIN: lincomycin (J01FF02), LNZ: linezolid (J01XX08), MEM: meropenem (J01DH02), MTR: metronidazole (J01XD01), MEZ: mezlocillin (J01CA10), MNO: minocycline (J01AA08), MFX: moxifloxacin (J01MA14), NAL: nalidixic acid (J01MB02), NEO: neomycin (J01GB05), NET: netilmicin (J01GB07), NIT: nitrofurantoin (J01XE01), NOR: norfloxacin (J01MA06), NOV: novobiocin (an ATCvet code: QJ01XX95), OFX: ofloxacin (J01MA01), OXA: oxacillin (J01CF04), PEN: penicillin G (J01CE01), PIP: piperacillin (J01CA12), TZP: piperacillin/tazobactam (J01CR05), PLB: polymyxin B (J01XB02), PRI: pristinamycin (J01FG01), PZA: pyrazinamide (J04AK01), QDA: quinupristin/dalfopristin (J01FG02), RIB: rifabutin (J04AB04), RIF: rifampicin (J04AB02), RIF: rifampin (J04AB02), RFP: rifapentine (J04AB05), RXT: roxithromycin (J01FA06), SIS: sisomicin (J01GB08), TEC: teicoplanin (J01XA02), TCY: tetracycline (J01AA07), TIC: ticarcillin (J01CA13), TGC: tigecycline (J01AA12), TOB: tobramycin (J01GB01), TMP: trimethoprim (J01EA01), SXT: trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (J01EE01), VAN: vancomycin (J01XA01).

Read more on our website!

On our website https://msberends.gitlab.io/AMR you can find a tutorial about how to conduct AMR analysis, the complete documentation of all functions (which reads a lot easier than here in R) and an example analysis using WHONET data.

Examples

# NOT RUN {
library(dplyr)

septic_patients %>%
  mutate(EUCAST = mdro(.),
         BRMO = brmo(.))
# }