[2] MICs must be determined in the presence of polysorbate-80 (0.002% in the medium for broth dilution methods; agar dilution methods have not been validated). Follow the manufacturers' instructions for commercial systems. | [3] Isolates susceptible to vancomycin can be reported susceptible to dalbavancin and oritavancin. | [A] Disk diffusion criteria have not been defined and an MIC method should be used.
[B] Non-wild type isolates were not available when developing the disk diffusion method.
[B] Non-wild type isolates were not available when developing the disk diffusion method.
[B] Non-wild type isolates were not available when developing the disk diffusion method.
[B] Non-wild type isolates were not available when developing the disk diffusion method.
[1/A] Erythromycin can be used to screen for macrolide resistance in Streptococcus groups A, B, C and
[1/A] Erythromycin can be used to screen for macrolide resistance in Streptococcus groups A, B, C and
[1/A] Erythromycin can be used to screen for macrolide resistance in Streptococcus groups A, B, C and
[1/A] Erythromycin can be used to screen for macrolide resistance in Streptococcus groups A, B, C and
[1/A] Erythromycin can be used to screen for macrolide resistance in Streptococcus groups A, B, C and
[1/A] Erythromycin can be used to screen for macrolide resistance in Streptococcus groups A, B, C and
[1/A] Erythromycin can be used to screen for macrolide resistance in Streptococcus groups A, B, C and
[1/A] Erythromycin can be used to screen for macrolide resistance in Streptococcus groups A, B, C and
[B] Place the erythromycin and clindamycin disks 12-16 mm apart (edge to edge) and look for antagonism (the D phenomenon) to detect inducible clindamycin resistance.
[B] Place the erythromycin and clindamycin disks 12-16 mm apart (edge to edge) and look for antagonism (the D phenomenon) to detect inducible clindamycin resistance.
[1/A] Tetracycline can be used to screen for resistance in tetracycline agents. Isolates categorised as susceptible can be reported susceptible to doxycycline and minocycline. Isolates categorised as resistant should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents or reported resistant.
[1/A] Tetracycline can be used to screen for resistance in tetracycline agents. Isolates categorised as susceptible can be reported susceptible to doxycycline and minocycline. Isolates categorised as resistant should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents or reported resistant.
[1/A] Tetracycline can be used to screen for resistance in tetracycline agents. Isolates categorised as susceptible can be reported susceptible to doxycycline and minocycline. Isolates categorised as resistant should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents or reported resistant.
[1/A] Tetracycline can be used to screen for resistance in tetracycline agents. Isolates categorised as susceptible can be reported susceptible to doxycycline and minocycline. Isolates categorised as resistant should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents or reported resistant.
[1/A] Tetracycline can be used to screen for resistance in tetracycline agents. Isolates categorised as susceptible can be reported susceptible to doxycycline and minocycline. Isolates categorised as resistant should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents or reported resistant.
[1/A] Tetracycline can be used to screen for resistance in tetracycline agents. Isolates categorised as susceptible can be reported susceptible to doxycycline and minocycline. Isolates categorised as resistant should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents or reported resistant.
[3] For tigecycline broth microdilution MIC determination, the medium must be prepared fresh on the day of use.
[3] For tigecycline broth microdilution MIC determination, the medium must be prepared fresh on the day of use.
[2/A] Isolates susceptible to linezolid can be reported susceptible to tedizolid.
[2/A] Isolates susceptible to linezolid can be reported susceptible to tedizolid.
[2] Daptomycin MICs must be determined in the presence of Ca (50 mg/L in the medium for broth dilution methods; agar dilution methods have not been validated). Follow the manufacturers' instructions for commercial systems. | [A] Use an MIC method.
[2] Daptomycin MICs must be determined in the presence of Ca (50 mg/L in the medium for broth dilution methods; agar dilution methods have not been validated). Follow the manufacturers' instructions for commercial systems. | [A] Use an MIC method.
[3/B] The activity of trimethoprim is uncertain against S. agalactiae and it is not possible to predict clinical outcome. The ECOFF to categorise isolates as wild type or non-wild type is 2 mg/L.
[3/B] The activity of trimethoprim is uncertain against S. agalactiae and it is not possible to predict clinical outcome. The ECOFF to categorise isolates as wild type or non-wild type is 2 mg/L.
[A] Read and interpret the benzylpenicillin disk only for isolates with oxacillin 1 µg zone diameters <20 mm. If benzylpenicillin zone ≥14 mm, report benzylpenicillin “susceptible, increased exposure” (I), If zone <14 mm, report benzylpenicillin resistant (R), see flow chart below. | [B] The oxacillin 1 µg disk diffusion screening test or a benzylpenicillin MIC test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (oxacillin zone diameter ≥20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC ≤0.06 mg/L) all beta-lactam agents for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note” can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for cefaclor, which if reported, should be reported as “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (zone diameter <20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC >0.06 mg/L), see flow chart below.
[A] Read and interpret the benzylpenicillin disk only for isolates with oxacillin 1 µg zone diameters <20 mm. If benzylpenicillin zone ≥14 mm, report benzylpenicillin “susceptible, increased exposure” (I), If zone <14 mm, report benzylpenicillin resistant (R), see flow chart below. | [B] The oxacillin 1 µg disk diffusion screening test or a benzylpenicillin MIC test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (oxacillin zone diameter ≥20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC ≤0.06 mg/L) all beta-lactam agents for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note” can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for cefaclor, which if reported, should be reported as “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (zone diameter <20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC >0.06 mg/L), see flow chart below.
[B] The oxacillin 1 µg disk diffusion screening test or a benzylpenicillin MIC test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (oxacillin zone diameter ≥20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC ≤0.06 mg/L) all beta-lactam agents for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note” can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for cefaclor, which if reported, should be reported as “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (zone diameter <20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC >0.06 mg/L), see flow chart below.
[B] The oxacillin 1 µg disk diffusion screening test or a benzylpenicillin MIC test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (oxacillin zone diameter ≥20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC ≤0.06 mg/L) all beta-lactam agents for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note” can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for cefaclor, which if reported, should be reported as “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (zone diameter <20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC >0.06 mg/L), see flow chart below.
[B] The oxacillin 1 µg disk diffusion screening test or a benzylpenicillin MIC test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (oxacillin zone diameter ≥20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC ≤0.06 mg/L) all beta-lactam agents for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note” can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for cefaclor, which if reported, should be reported as “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (zone diameter <20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC >0.06 mg/L), see flow chart below.
[B] The oxacillin 1 µg disk diffusion screening test or a benzylpenicillin MIC test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (oxacillin zone diameter ≥20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC ≤0.06 mg/L) all beta-lactam agents for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note” can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for cefaclor, which if reported, should be reported as “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (zone diameter <20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC >0.06 mg/L), see flow chart below.
[1/B] The oxacillin 1 µg disk diffusion screening test or a benzylpenicillin MIC test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (oxacillin zone diameter ≥20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC ≤0.06 mg/L) all beta-lactam agents for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note” can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for cefaclor, which if reported, should be reported as “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (zone diameter <20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC >0.06 mg/L), see flow chart below. | [3/C] Susceptibility inferred from ampicillin (indications other than endocarditis and meningitis).
[1/B] The oxacillin 1 µg disk diffusion screening test or a benzylpenicillin MIC test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (oxacillin zone diameter ≥20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC ≤0.06 mg/L) all beta-lactam agents for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note” can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for cefaclor, which if reported, should be reported as “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (zone diameter <20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC >0.06 mg/L), see flow chart below. | [3/C] Susceptibility inferred from ampicillin (indications other than endocarditis and meningitis).
[1/B] The oxacillin 1 µg disk diffusion screening test or a benzylpenicillin MIC test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (oxacillin zone diameter ≥20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC ≤0.06 mg/L) all beta-lactam agents for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note” can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for cefaclor, which if reported, should be reported as “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (zone diameter <20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC >0.06 mg/L), see flow chart below. | [3/C] Susceptibility inferred from ampicillin (indications other than endocarditis and meningitis).
[1/B] The oxacillin 1 µg disk diffusion screening test or a benzylpenicillin MIC test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (oxacillin zone diameter ≥20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC ≤0.06 mg/L) all beta-lactam agents for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note” can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for cefaclor, which if reported, should be reported as “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (zone diameter <20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC >0.06 mg/L), see flow chart below. | [3/C] Susceptibility inferred from ampicillin (indications other than endocarditis and meningitis).
[B] The oxacillin 1 µg disk diffusion screening test or a benzylpenicillin MIC test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (oxacillin zone diameter ≥20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC ≤0.06 mg/L) all beta-lactam agents for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note” can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for cefaclor, which if reported, should be reported as “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (zone diameter <20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC >0.06 mg/L), see flow chart below.
[B] The oxacillin 1 µg disk diffusion screening test or a benzylpenicillin MIC test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (oxacillin zone diameter ≥20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC ≤0.06 mg/L) all beta-lactam agents for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note” can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for cefaclor, which if reported, should be reported as “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (zone diameter <20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC >0.06 mg/L), see flow chart below.
[B] The oxacillin 1 µg disk diffusion screening test or a benzylpenicillin MIC test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (oxacillin zone diameter ≥20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC ≤0.06 mg/L) all beta-lactam agents for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note” can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for cefaclor, which if reported, should be reported as “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (zone diameter <20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC >0.06 mg/L), see flow chart below. | [C] Susceptibility inferred from ampicillin (indications other than endocarditis and meningitis).
[B] The oxacillin 1 µg disk diffusion screening test or a benzylpenicillin MIC test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (oxacillin zone diameter ≥20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC ≤0.06 mg/L) all beta-lactam agents for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note” can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for cefaclor, which if reported, should be reported as “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (zone diameter <20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC >0.06 mg/L), see flow chart below. | [C] Susceptibility inferred from ampicillin (indications other than endocarditis and meningitis).
[1/B] The oxacillin 1 µg disk diffusion screening test or a benzylpenicillin MIC test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (oxacillin zone diameter ≥20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC ≤0.06 mg/L) all beta-lactam agents for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note” can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for cefaclor, which if reported, should be reported as “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (zone diameter <20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC >0.06 mg/L), see flow chart below. | [3/C] Susceptibility inferred from ampicillin (indications other than endocarditis and meningitis).
[1/B] The oxacillin 1 µg disk diffusion screening test or a benzylpenicillin MIC test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (oxacillin zone diameter ≥20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC ≤0.06 mg/L) all beta-lactam agents for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note” can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for cefaclor, which if reported, should be reported as “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (zone diameter <20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC >0.06 mg/L), see flow chart below. | [3/C] Susceptibility inferred from ampicillin (indications other than endocarditis and meningitis).
[4] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of clavulanic acid is fixed at 2 mg/L. | [B] The oxacillin 1 µg disk diffusion screening test or a benzylpenicillin MIC test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (oxacillin zone diameter ≥20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC ≤0.06 mg/L) all beta-lactam agents for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note” can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for cefaclor, which if reported, should be reported as “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (zone diameter <20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC >0.06 mg/L), see flow chart below. | [C] Susceptibility inferred from ampicillin (indications other than endocarditis and meningitis).
[4] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of clavulanic acid is fixed at 2 mg/L. | [B] The oxacillin 1 µg disk diffusion screening test or a benzylpenicillin MIC test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (oxacillin zone diameter ≥20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC ≤0.06 mg/L) all beta-lactam agents for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note” can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for cefaclor, which if reported, should be reported as “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (zone diameter <20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC >0.06 mg/L), see flow chart below. | [C] Susceptibility inferred from ampicillin (indications other than endocarditis and meningitis).
[1/B] The oxacillin 1 µg disk diffusion screening test or a benzylpenicillin MIC test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (oxacillin zone diameter ≥20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC ≤0.06 mg/L) all beta-lactam agents for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note” can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for cefaclor, which if reported, should be reported as “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (zone diameter <20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC >0.06 mg/L), see flow chart below. | [3/C] Susceptibility inferred from ampicillin (indications other than endocarditis and meningitis).
[1/B] The oxacillin 1 µg disk diffusion screening test or a benzylpenicillin MIC test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (oxacillin zone diameter ≥20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC ≤0.06 mg/L) all beta-lactam agents for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note” can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for cefaclor, which if reported, should be reported as “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (zone diameter <20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC >0.06 mg/L), see flow chart below. | [3/C] Susceptibility inferred from ampicillin (indications other than endocarditis and meningitis).
[1/B] The oxacillin 1 µg disk diffusion screening test or a benzylpenicillin MIC test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (oxacillin zone diameter ≥20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC ≤0.06 mg/L) all beta-lactam agents for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note” can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for cefaclor, which if reported, should be reported as “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (zone diameter <20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC >0.06 mg/L), see flow chart below. | [3/C] Susceptibility inferred from ampicillin (indications other than endocarditis and meningitis).
[1/B] The oxacillin 1 µg disk diffusion screening test or a benzylpenicillin MIC test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (oxacillin zone diameter ≥20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC ≤0.06 mg/L) all beta-lactam agents for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note” can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for cefaclor, which if reported, should be reported as “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (zone diameter <20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC >0.06 mg/L), see flow chart below. | [3/C] Susceptibility inferred from ampicillin (indications other than endocarditis and meningitis).
[1/B] The oxacillin 1 µg disk diffusion screening test or a benzylpenicillin MIC test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (oxacillin zone diameter ≥20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC ≤0.06 mg/L) all beta-lactam agents for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note” can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for cefaclor, which if reported, should be reported as “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (zone diameter <20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC >0.06 mg/L), see flow chart below.
[1/B] The oxacillin 1 µg disk diffusion screening test or a benzylpenicillin MIC test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (oxacillin zone diameter ≥20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC ≤0.06 mg/L) all beta-lactam agents for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note” can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for cefaclor, which if reported, should be reported as “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (zone diameter <20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC >0.06 mg/L), see flow chart below.
[D] For interpretation of the oxacillin disk screen, see flow chart below.
[A] The oxacillin 1 µg disk diffusion screening test or a benzylpenicillin MIC test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (oxacillin zone diameter ≥20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC ≤0.06 mg/L) all beta-lactam agents for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note” can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for cefaclor, which if reported, should be reported as “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (oxacillin zone diameter <20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC >0.06 mg/L), see flow chart below.
[A] The oxacillin 1 µg disk diffusion screening test or a benzylpenicillin MIC test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (oxacillin zone diameter ≥20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC ≤0.06 mg/L) all beta-lactam agents for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note” can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for cefaclor, which if reported, should be reported as “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (oxacillin zone diameter <20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC >0.06 mg/L), see flow chart below.
[2/B] The addition of a beta-lactamase inhibitor does not add clinical benefit.
[2/B] The addition of a beta-lactamase inhibitor does not add clinical benefit.
[A] The oxacillin 1 µg disk diffusion screening test or a benzylpenicillin MIC test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (oxacillin zone diameter ≥20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC ≤0.06 mg/L) all beta-lactam agents for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note” can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for cefaclor, which if reported, should be reported as “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (oxacillin zone diameter <20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC >0.06 mg/L), see flow chart below.
[A] The oxacillin 1 µg disk diffusion screening test or a benzylpenicillin MIC test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (oxacillin zone diameter ≥20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC ≤0.06 mg/L) all beta-lactam agents for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note” can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for cefaclor, which if reported, should be reported as “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (oxacillin zone diameter <20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC >0.06 mg/L), see flow chart below.
[A] The oxacillin 1 µg disk diffusion screening test or a benzylpenicillin MIC test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (oxacillin zone diameter ≥20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC ≤0.06 mg/L) all beta-lactam agents for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note” can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for cefaclor, which if reported, should be reported as “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (oxacillin zone diameter <20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC >0.06 mg/L), see flow chart below.
[A] The oxacillin 1 µg disk diffusion screening test or a benzylpenicillin MIC test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (oxacillin zone diameter ≥20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC ≤0.06 mg/L) all beta-lactam agents for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note” can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for cefaclor, which if reported, should be reported as “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (oxacillin zone diameter <20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC >0.06 mg/L), see flow chart below.
[A] The oxacillin 1 µg disk diffusion screening test or a benzylpenicillin MIC test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (oxacillin zone diameter ≥20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC ≤0.06 mg/L) all beta-lactam agents for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note” can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for cefaclor, which if reported, should be reported as “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (oxacillin zone diameter <20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC >0.06 mg/L), see flow chart below.
[A] The oxacillin 1 µg disk diffusion screening test or a benzylpenicillin MIC test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (oxacillin zone diameter ≥20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC ≤0.06 mg/L) all beta-lactam agents for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note” can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for cefaclor, which if reported, should be reported as “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (oxacillin zone diameter <20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC >0.06 mg/L), see flow chart below.
[A] The oxacillin 1 µg disk diffusion screening test or a benzylpenicillin MIC test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (oxacillin zone diameter ≥20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC ≤0.06 mg/L) all beta-lactam agents for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note” can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for cefaclor, which if reported, should be reported as “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (oxacillin zone diameter <20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC >0.06 mg/L), see flow chart below.
[A] The oxacillin 1 µg disk diffusion screening test or a benzylpenicillin MIC test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (oxacillin zone diameter ≥20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC ≤0.06 mg/L) all beta-lactam agents for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note” can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for cefaclor, which if reported, should be reported as “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (oxacillin zone diameter <20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC >0.06 mg/L), see flow chart below.
[A] The oxacillin 1 µg disk diffusion screening test or a benzylpenicillin MIC test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (oxacillin zone diameter ≥20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC ≤0.06 mg/L) all beta-lactam agents for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note” can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for cefaclor, which if reported, should be reported as “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (oxacillin zone diameter <20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC >0.06 mg/L), see flow chart below.
[A] The oxacillin 1 µg disk diffusion screening test or a benzylpenicillin MIC test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (oxacillin zone diameter ≥20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC ≤0.06 mg/L) all beta-lactam agents for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note” can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for cefaclor, which if reported, should be reported as “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (oxacillin zone diameter <20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC >0.06 mg/L), see flow chart below.
[A] The oxacillin 1 µg disk diffusion screening test or a benzylpenicillin MIC test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (oxacillin zone diameter ≥20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC ≤0.06 mg/L) all beta-lactam agents for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note” can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for cefaclor, which if reported, should be reported as “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (oxacillin zone diameter <20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC >0.06 mg/L), see flow chart below.
[A] The oxacillin 1 µg disk diffusion screening test or a benzylpenicillin MIC test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (oxacillin zone diameter ≥20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC ≤0.06 mg/L) all beta-lactam agents for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note” can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for cefaclor, which if reported, should be reported as “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (oxacillin zone diameter <20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC >0.06 mg/L), see flow chart below.
[A] The oxacillin 1 µg disk diffusion screening test or a benzylpenicillin MIC test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (oxacillin zone diameter ≥20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC ≤0.06 mg/L) all beta-lactam agents for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note” can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for cefaclor, which if reported, should be reported as “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (oxacillin zone diameter <20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC >0.06 mg/L), see flow chart below.
[A] The oxacillin 1 µg disk diffusion screening test or a benzylpenicillin MIC test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (oxacillin zone diameter ≥20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC ≤0.06 mg/L) all beta-lactam agents for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note” can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for cefaclor, which if reported, should be reported as “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (oxacillin zone diameter <20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC >0.06 mg/L), see flow chart below.
[A] The oxacillin 1 µg disk diffusion screening test or a benzylpenicillin MIC test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (oxacillin zone diameter ≥20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC ≤0.06 mg/L) all beta-lactam agents for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note” can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for cefaclor, which if reported, should be reported as “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (oxacillin zone diameter <20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC >0.06 mg/L), see flow chart below.
[A] The oxacillin 1 µg disk diffusion screening test or a benzylpenicillin MIC test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (oxacillin zone diameter ≥20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC ≤0.06 mg/L) all beta-lactam agents for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note” can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for cefaclor, which if reported, should be reported as “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (oxacillin zone diameter <20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC >0.06 mg/L), see flow chart below.
[A] The oxacillin 1 µg disk diffusion screening test or a benzylpenicillin MIC test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (oxacillin zone diameter ≥20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC ≤0.06 mg/L) all beta-lactam agents for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note” can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for cefaclor, which if reported, should be reported as “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (oxacillin zone diameter <20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC >0.06 mg/L), see flow chart below.
[A] The oxacillin 1 µg disk diffusion screening test or a benzylpenicillin MIC test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (oxacillin zone diameter ≥20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC ≤0.06 mg/L) all beta-lactam agents for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note” can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for cefaclor, which if reported, should be reported as “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (oxacillin zone diameter <20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC >0.06 mg/L), see flow chart below.
[A] The oxacillin 1 µg disk diffusion screening test or a benzylpenicillin MIC test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (oxacillin zone diameter ≥20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC ≤0.06 mg/L) all beta-lactam agents for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note” can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for cefaclor, which if reported, should be reported as “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (oxacillin zone diameter <20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC >0.06 mg/L), see flow chart below.
[A] The oxacillin 1 µg disk diffusion screening test or a benzylpenicillin MIC test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (oxacillin zone diameter ≥20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC ≤0.06 mg/L) all beta-lactam agents for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note” can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for cefaclor, which if reported, should be reported as “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (oxacillin zone diameter <20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC >0.06 mg/L), see flow chart below.
[A] The oxacillin 1 µg disk diffusion screening test or a benzylpenicillin MIC test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (oxacillin zone diameter ≥20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC ≤0.06 mg/L) all beta-lactam agents for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note” can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for cefaclor, which if reported, should be reported as “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (oxacillin zone diameter <20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC >0.06 mg/L), see flow chart below.
[A] The oxacillin 1 µg disk diffusion screening test or a benzylpenicillin MIC test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (oxacillin zone diameter ≥20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC ≤0.06 mg/L) all beta-lactam agents for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note” can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for cefaclor, which if reported, should be reported as “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (oxacillin zone diameter <20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC >0.06 mg/L), see flow chart below.
[A] The oxacillin 1 µg disk diffusion screening test or a benzylpenicillin MIC test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (oxacillin zone diameter ≥20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC ≤0.06 mg/L) all beta-lactam agents for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note” can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for cefaclor, which if reported, should be reported as “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (oxacillin zone diameter <20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC >0.06 mg/L), see flow chart below.
[A] The oxacillin 1 µg disk diffusion screening test or a benzylpenicillin MIC test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (oxacillin zone diameter ≥20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC ≤0.06 mg/L) all beta-lactam agents for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note” can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for cefaclor, which if reported, should be reported as “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (oxacillin zone diameter <20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC >0.06 mg/L), see flow chart below.
[3/B] The addition of a beta-lactamase inhibitor does not add clinical benefit.
[3/B] The addition of a beta-lactamase inhibitor does not add clinical benefit.
[A] The oxacillin 1 µg disk diffusion screening test or a benzylpenicillin MIC test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (oxacillin zone diameter ≥20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC ≤0.06 mg/L) all beta-lactam agents for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note” can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for cefaclor, which if reported, should be reported as “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (oxacillin zone diameter <20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC >0.06 mg/L), see flow chart below.
[A] The oxacillin 1 µg disk diffusion screening test or a benzylpenicillin MIC test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (oxacillin zone diameter ≥20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC ≤0.06 mg/L) all beta-lactam agents for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note” can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for cefaclor, which if reported, should be reported as “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (oxacillin zone diameter <20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC >0.06 mg/L), see flow chart below.
[A] The oxacillin 1 µg disk diffusion screening test or a benzylpenicillin MIC test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (oxacillin zone diameter ≥20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC ≤0.06 mg/L) all beta-lactam agents for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note” can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for cefaclor, which if reported, should be reported as “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (oxacillin zone diameter <20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC >0.06 mg/L), see flow chart below.
[A] The oxacillin 1 µg disk diffusion screening test or a benzylpenicillin MIC test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (oxacillin zone diameter ≥20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC ≤0.06 mg/L) all beta-lactam agents for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note” can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for cefaclor, which if reported, should be reported as “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (oxacillin zone diameter <20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC >0.06 mg/L), see flow chart below.
[3/B] The addition of a beta-lactamase inhibitor does not add clinical benefit.
[3/B] The addition of a beta-lactamase inhibitor does not add clinical benefit.
[A] The norfloxacin disk diffusion test can be used to screen for fluoroquinolone resistance. See Note
[A] The norfloxacin disk diffusion test can be used to screen for fluoroquinolone resistance. See Note
[A] The norfloxacin disk diffusion test can be used to screen for fluoroquinolone resistance. See Note
[A] The norfloxacin disk diffusion test can be used to screen for fluoroquinolone resistance. See Note
[B]  | [B] Isolates categorised as screen negative can be reported susceptible to moxifloxacin and as "susceptible increased exposure" (I) to levofloxacin. Isolates categorised as screen positive should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents or reported resistant.
[A] Non-wild typeisolates were not available when developing the disk diffusion method.
[A] Non-wild typeisolates were not available when developing the disk diffusion method.
[A] Non-wild typeisolates were not available when developing the disk diffusion method.
[A] Non-wild typeisolates were not available when developing the disk diffusion method.
[1/A] Erythromycin can be used to screen for macrolide resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Isolates categorised as susceptible can be reported susceptible to azithromycin, clarithromycin and roxithromycin. Isolates categorised as resistant should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents or reported resistant.
[1/A] Erythromycin can be used to screen for macrolide resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Isolates categorised as susceptible can be reported susceptible to azithromycin, clarithromycin and roxithromycin. Isolates categorised as resistant should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents or reported resistant.
[1/A] Erythromycin can be used to screen for macrolide resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Isolates categorised as susceptible can be reported susceptible to azithromycin, clarithromycin and roxithromycin. Isolates categorised as resistant should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents or reported resistant.
[1/A] Erythromycin can be used to screen for macrolide resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Isolates categorised as susceptible can be reported susceptible to azithromycin, clarithromycin and roxithromycin. Isolates categorised as resistant should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents or reported resistant.
[1/A] Erythromycin can be used to screen for macrolide resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Isolates categorised as susceptible can be reported susceptible to azithromycin, clarithromycin and roxithromycin. Isolates categorised as resistant should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents or reported resistant.
[1/A] Erythromycin can be used to screen for macrolide resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Isolates categorised as susceptible can be reported susceptible to azithromycin, clarithromycin and roxithromycin. Isolates categorised as resistant should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents or reported resistant.
[1/A] Erythromycin can be used to screen for macrolide resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Isolates categorised as susceptible can be reported susceptible to azithromycin, clarithromycin and roxithromycin. Isolates categorised as resistant should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents or reported resistant.
[1/A] Erythromycin can be used to screen for macrolide resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Isolates categorised as susceptible can be reported susceptible to azithromycin, clarithromycin and roxithromycin. Isolates categorised as resistant should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents or reported resistant.
[B] Place the erythromycin and clindamycin disks 12-16 mm apart (edge to edge) and look for antagonism (the D phenomenon) to detect inducible clindamycin resistance.
[B] Place the erythromycin and clindamycin disks 12-16 mm apart (edge to edge) and look for antagonism (the D phenomenon) to detect inducible clindamycin resistance.
[1/A] Tetracycline can be used to screen for resistance in tetracycline agents. Isolates categorised as susceptible can be reported susceptible to doxycycline and minocycline. Isolates categorised as resistant should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents or reported resistant.
[1/A] Tetracycline can be used to screen for resistance in tetracycline agents. Isolates categorised as susceptible can be reported susceptible to doxycycline and minocycline. Isolates categorised as resistant should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents or reported resistant.
[1/A] Tetracycline can be used to screen for resistance in tetracycline agents. Isolates categorised as susceptible can be reported susceptible to doxycycline and minocycline. Isolates categorised as resistant should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents or reported resistant.
[1/A] Tetracycline can be used to screen for resistance in tetracycline agents. Isolates categorised as susceptible can be reported susceptible to doxycycline and minocycline. Isolates categorised as resistant should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents or reported resistant.
[1/A] Tetracycline can be used to screen for resistance in tetracycline agents. Isolates categorised as susceptible can be reported susceptible to doxycycline and minocycline. Isolates categorised as resistant should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents or reported resistant.
[1/A] Tetracycline can be used to screen for resistance in tetracycline agents. Isolates categorised as susceptible can be reported susceptible to doxycycline and minocycline. Isolates categorised as resistant should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents or reported resistant.
[1/A] Efficacy for this species is uncertain. ECOFFs can be used to distinguish wild-type isolates from isolates with acquired resistance (presence of resistance indicated by MIC >8 mg/L; zone diameter <21 mm for the chloramphenicol 30 µg disk). For chloramphenicol treatment in meningitis, see table of dosages.
[1/A] Efficacy for this species is uncertain. ECOFFs can be used to distinguish wild-type isolates from isolates with acquired resistance (presence of resistance indicated by MIC >8 mg/L; zone diameter <21 mm for the chloramphenicol 30 µg disk). For chloramphenicol treatment in meningitis, see table of dosages.
[1/A] Benzylpenicillin (MIC or disk diffusion) can be used to screen for beta-lactam resistance in viridans group streptococci. Isolates categorised as screen negative can be reported susceptible to beta-lactam agents for which clinical breakpoints are listed (including those with “Note”). Isolates categorised as screen positive should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents or reported resistant.
[1/A] Benzylpenicillin (MIC or disk diffusion) can be used to screen for beta-lactam resistance in viridans group streptococci. Isolates categorised as screen negative can be reported susceptible to beta-lactam agents for which clinical breakpoints are listed (including those with “Note”). Isolates categorised as screen positive should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents or reported resistant.
[2/B] For information on how to use breakpoints in brackets, see https://www.eucast.org/eucastguidancedocuments/.
[2/B] For information on how to use breakpoints in brackets, see https://www.eucast.org/eucastguidancedocuments/.
[1/A] Benzylpenicillin (MIC or disk diffusion) can be used to screen for beta-lactam resistance in viridans group streptococci. Isolates categorised as screen negative can be reported susceptible to beta-lactam agents for which clinical breakpoints are listed (including those with “Note”). Isolates categorised as screen positive should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents or reported resistant. | [4/C] For benzylpenicillin screen negative isolates, susceptibility can be inferred from benzylpenicillin or ampicillin. For benzylpenicillin screen positive isolates, susceptibility is inferred from ampicillin.
[1/A] Benzylpenicillin (MIC or disk diffusion) can be used to screen for beta-lactam resistance in viridans group streptococci. Isolates categorised as screen negative can be reported susceptible to beta-lactam agents for which clinical breakpoints are listed (including those with “Note”). Isolates categorised as screen positive should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents or reported resistant. | [4/C] For benzylpenicillin screen negative isolates, susceptibility can be inferred from benzylpenicillin or ampicillin. For benzylpenicillin screen positive isolates, susceptibility is inferred from ampicillin.
[A] Benzylpenicillin (MIC or disk diffusion) can be used to screen for beta-lactam resistance in viridans group streptococci. Isolates categorised as screen negative can be reported susceptible to beta-lactam agents for which clinical breakpoints are listed (including those with “Note”). Isolates categorised as screen positive should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents or reported resistant. | [C] For benzylpenicillin screen negative isolates, susceptibility can be inferred from benzylpenicillin or ampicillin. For benzylpenicillin screen positive isolates, susceptibility is inferred from ampicillin.
[A] Benzylpenicillin (MIC or disk diffusion) can be used to screen for beta-lactam resistance in viridans group streptococci. Isolates categorised as screen negative can be reported susceptible to beta-lactam agents for which clinical breakpoints are listed (including those with “Note”). Isolates categorised as screen positive should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents or reported resistant. | [C] For benzylpenicillin screen negative isolates, susceptibility can be inferred from benzylpenicillin or ampicillin. For benzylpenicillin screen positive isolates, susceptibility is inferred from ampicillin.
[A] Benzylpenicillin (MIC or disk diffusion) can be used to screen for beta-lactam resistance in viridans group streptococci. Isolates categorised as screen negative can be reported susceptible to beta-lactam agents for which clinical breakpoints are listed (including those with “Note”). Isolates categorised as screen positive should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents or reported resistant. | [D] Susceptibility can be inferred from the benzylpenicillin screen test or from "Ampicillin iv (endocarditis)".
[A] Benzylpenicillin (MIC or disk diffusion) can be used to screen for beta-lactam resistance in viridans group streptococci. Isolates categorised as screen negative can be reported susceptible to beta-lactam agents for which clinical breakpoints are listed (including those with “Note”). Isolates categorised as screen positive should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents or reported resistant. | [D] Susceptibility can be inferred from the benzylpenicillin screen test or from "Ampicillin iv (endocarditis)".
[1/A] Benzylpenicillin (MIC or disk diffusion) can be used to screen for beta-lactam resistance in viridans group streptococci. Isolates categorised as screen negative can be reported susceptible to beta-lactam agents for which clinical breakpoints are listed (including those with “Note”). Isolates categorised as screen positive should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents or reported resistant. | [4/C] For benzylpenicillin screen negative isolates, susceptibility can be inferred from benzylpenicillin or ampicillin. For benzylpenicillin screen positive isolates, susceptibility is inferred from ampicillin.
[1/A] Benzylpenicillin (MIC or disk diffusion) can be used to screen for beta-lactam resistance in viridans group streptococci. Isolates categorised as screen negative can be reported susceptible to beta-lactam agents for which clinical breakpoints are listed (including those with “Note”). Isolates categorised as screen positive should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents or reported resistant. | [4/C] For benzylpenicillin screen negative isolates, susceptibility can be inferred from benzylpenicillin or ampicillin. For benzylpenicillin screen positive isolates, susceptibility is inferred from ampicillin.
[1/A] Benzylpenicillin (MIC or disk diffusion) can be used to screen for beta-lactam resistance in viridans group streptococci. Isolates categorised as screen negative can be reported susceptible to beta-lactam agents for which clinical breakpoints are listed (including those with “Note”). Isolates categorised as screen positive should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents or reported resistant. | [4/C] For benzylpenicillin screen negative isolates, susceptibility can be inferred from benzylpenicillin or ampicillin. For benzylpenicillin screen positive isolates, susceptibility is inferred from ampicillin.
[1/A] Benzylpenicillin (MIC or disk diffusion) can be used to screen for beta-lactam resistance in viridans group streptococci. Isolates categorised as screen negative can be reported susceptible to beta-lactam agents for which clinical breakpoints are listed (including those with “Note”). Isolates categorised as screen positive should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents or reported resistant. | [4/C] For benzylpenicillin screen negative isolates, susceptibility can be inferred from benzylpenicillin or ampicillin. For benzylpenicillin screen positive isolates, susceptibility is inferred from ampicillin.
[1/A] Benzylpenicillin (MIC or disk diffusion) can be used to screen for beta-lactam resistance in viridans group streptococci. Isolates categorised as screen negative can be reported susceptible to beta-lactam agents for which clinical breakpoints are listed (including those with “Note”). Isolates categorised as screen positive should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents or reported resistant. | [4/C] For benzylpenicillin screen negative isolates, susceptibility can be inferred from benzylpenicillin or ampicillin. For benzylpenicillin screen positive isolates, susceptibility is inferred from ampicillin.
[1/A] Benzylpenicillin (MIC or disk diffusion) can be used to screen for beta-lactam resistance in viridans group streptococci. Isolates categorised as screen negative can be reported susceptible to beta-lactam agents for which clinical breakpoints are listed (including those with “Note”). Isolates categorised as screen positive should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents or reported resistant. | [4/C] For benzylpenicillin screen negative isolates, susceptibility can be inferred from benzylpenicillin or ampicillin. For benzylpenicillin screen positive isolates, susceptibility is inferred from ampicillin.
[A] Benzylpenicillin (MIC or disk diffusion) can be used to screen for beta-lactam resistance in viridans group streptococci. See Note 1/A on penicillins.
[A] Benzylpenicillin (MIC or disk diffusion) can be used to screen for beta-lactam resistance in viridans group streptococci. See Note 1/A on penicillins.
[1] The addition of a beta-lactamase inhibitor does not add clinical benefit. | [A] Benzylpenicillin (MIC or disk diffusion) can be used to screen for beta-lactam resistance in viridans group streptococci. See Note 1/A on penicillins.
[1] The addition of a beta-lactamase inhibitor does not add clinical benefit. | [A] Benzylpenicillin (MIC or disk diffusion) can be used to screen for beta-lactam resistance in viridans group streptococci. See Note 1/A on penicillins.
[A] Benzylpenicillin (MIC or disk diffusion) can be used to screen for beta-lactam resistance in viridans group streptococci. See Note 1/A on penicillins.
[A] Benzylpenicillin (MIC or disk diffusion) can be used to screen for beta-lactam resistance in viridans group streptococci. See Note 1/A on penicillins.
[A] Benzylpenicillin (MIC or disk diffusion) can be used to screen for beta-lactam resistance in viridans group streptococci. See Note 1/A on penicillins.
[A] Benzylpenicillin (MIC or disk diffusion) can be used to screen for beta-lactam resistance in viridans group streptococci. See Note 1/A on penicillins.
[A] Benzylpenicillin (MIC or disk diffusion) can be used to screen for beta-lactam resistance in viridans group streptococci. See Note 1/A on penicillins.
[A] Benzylpenicillin (MIC or disk diffusion) can be used to screen for beta-lactam resistance in viridans group streptococci. See Note 1/A on penicillins.
[A] Benzylpenicillin (MIC or disk diffusion) can be used to screen for beta-lactam resistance in viridans group streptococci. See Note 1/A on penicillins.
[A] Benzylpenicillin (MIC or disk diffusion) can be used to screen for beta-lactam resistance in viridans group streptococci. See Note 1/A on penicillins.
[A] Benzylpenicillin (MIC or disk diffusion) can be used to screen for beta-lactam resistance in viridans group streptococci. See Note 1/A on penicillins.
[A] Benzylpenicillin (MIC or disk diffusion) can be used to screen for beta-lactam resistance in viridans group streptococci. See Note 1/A on penicillins.
[A] Benzylpenicillin (MIC or disk diffusion) can be used to screen for beta-lactam resistance in viridans group streptococci. See Note 1/A on penicillins.
[A] Benzylpenicillin (MIC or disk diffusion) can be used to screen for beta-lactam resistance in viridans group streptococci. See Note 1/A on penicillins.
[1] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of relebactam is fixed at 4 mg/L. | [A] Benzylpenicillin (MIC or disk diffusion) can be used to screen for beta-lactam resistance in viridans group streptococci. See Note 1/A on penicillins. | [B] The addition of a beta-lactamase inhibitor does not add clinical benefit.
[1] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of relebactam is fixed at 4 mg/L. | [A] Benzylpenicillin (MIC or disk diffusion) can be used to screen for beta-lactam resistance in viridans group streptococci. See Note 1/A on penicillins. | [B] The addition of a beta-lactamase inhibitor does not add clinical benefit.
[A] Benzylpenicillin (MIC or disk diffusion) can be used to screen for beta-lactam resistance in viridans group streptococci. See Note 1/A on penicillins.
[A] Benzylpenicillin (MIC or disk diffusion) can be used to screen for beta-lactam resistance in viridans group streptococci. See Note 1/A on penicillins.
[2/B] The addition of a beta-lactamase inhibitor does not add clinical benefit.
[2/B] The addition of a beta-lactamase inhibitor does not add clinical benefit.
[A] A disk diffusion test awaits action from the responsible pharmaceutical company.
[A] A disk diffusion test awaits action from the responsible pharmaceutical company.
[1/B] Moxifloxacin has been used in oral follow-up treatment of endocarditis caused by viridans group streptococci. There are no clinical breakpoints but acquired resistance (indicated by MIC >0.5 mg/L; zone diameter <21 mm for the moxifloxacin 5 µg disk) should be excluded. When acquired resistance has been excluded, the isolate should be reported “devoid of fluoroquinolone resistance mechanisms”, but not as susceptible to moxifloxacin.
[1/B] Moxifloxacin has been used in oral follow-up treatment of endocarditis caused by viridans group streptococci. There are no clinical breakpoints but acquired resistance (indicated by MIC >0.5 mg/L; zone diameter <21 mm for the moxifloxacin 5 µg disk) should be excluded. When acquired resistance has been excluded, the isolate should be reported “devoid of fluoroquinolone resistance mechanisms”, but not as susceptible to moxifloxacin.
[2] Gentamicin can be used to screen for the presence of aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (high-level aminoglycoside resistance).
Negative test: Isolates with gentamicin MIC ≤128 mg/L. The isolate is wild type for gentamicin (i.e. does not contain aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes). Therefore, synergy with penicillins or glycopeptides can be expected if the isolate is susceptible to the penicillin or glycopeptide.
Positive test: Isolates with gentamicin MIC >128 mg/L denote presence of aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes. Combinations between penicillins or glycopeptides and aminoglycosides will not be synergistic.
[2] Gentamicin can be used to screen for the presence of aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (high-level aminoglycoside resistance).
Negative test: Isolates with gentamicin MIC ≤128 mg/L. The isolate is wild type for gentamicin (i.e. does not contain aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes). Therefore, synergy with penicillins or glycopeptides can be expected if the isolate is susceptible to the penicillin or glycopeptide.
Positive test: Isolates with gentamicin MIC >128 mg/L denote presence of aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes. Combinations between penicillins or glycopeptides and aminoglycosides will not be synergistic.
[2] Gentamicin can be used to screen for the presence of aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (high-level aminoglycoside resistance).
Negative test: Isolates with gentamicin MIC ≤128 mg/L. The isolate is wild type for gentamicin (i.e. does not contain aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes). Therefore, synergy with penicillins or glycopeptides can be expected if the isolate is susceptible to the penicillin or glycopeptide.
Positive test: Isolates with gentamicin MIC >128 mg/L denote presence of aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes. Combinations between penicillins or glycopeptides and aminoglycosides will not be synergistic.
[2] Gentamicin can be used to screen for the presence of aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (high-level aminoglycoside resistance).
Negative test: Isolates with gentamicin MIC ≤128 mg/L. The isolate is wild type for gentamicin (i.e. does not contain aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes). Therefore, synergy with penicillins or glycopeptides can be expected if the isolate is susceptible to the penicillin or glycopeptide.
Positive test: Isolates with gentamicin MIC >128 mg/L denote presence of aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes. Combinations between penicillins or glycopeptides and aminoglycosides will not be synergistic.
[2] MICs must be determined in the presence of polysorbate-80 (0.002% in the medium for broth dilution methods; agar dilution methods have not been validated). Follow the manufacturers' instructions for commercial systems. | [3] Isolates susceptible to vancomycin can be reported susceptible to dalbavancin and oritavancin. | [A] Disk diffusion criteria have not been defined and an MIC method should be used.
[2] MICs must be determined in the presence of polysorbate-80 (0.002% in the medium for broth dilution methods; agar dilution methods have not been validated). Follow the manufacturers' instructions for commercial systems. | [3] Isolates susceptible to vancomycin can be reported susceptible to dalbavancin and oritavancin. | [A] Disk diffusion criteria have not been defined and an MIC method should be used.
[2] MICs must be determined in the presence of polysorbate-80 (0.002% in the medium for broth dilution methods; agar dilution methods have not been validated). Follow the manufacturers' instructions for commercial systems. | [3] Isolates susceptible to vancomycin can be reported susceptible to dalbavancin and oritavancin. | [A] Disk diffusion criteria have not been defined and an MIC method should be used.
[2] MICs must be determined in the presence of polysorbate-80 (0.002% in the medium for broth dilution methods; agar dilution methods have not been validated). Follow the manufacturers' instructions for commercial systems. | [3] Isolates susceptible to vancomycin can be reported susceptible to dalbavancin and oritavancin. | [A] Disk diffusion criteria have not been defined and an MIC method should be used.
[B] Non-wild type isolates were not available when developing the disk diffusion method.
[B] Non-wild type isolates were not available when developing the disk diffusion method.
[B] Non-wild type isolates were not available when developing the disk diffusion method.
[B] Non-wild type isolates were not available when developing the disk diffusion method.
[A] Place the erythromycin and clindamycin disks 12-16 mm apart (edge to edge) and look for antagonism (the D phenomenon) to detect inducible clindamycin resistance.
[A] Place the erythromycin and clindamycin disks 12-16 mm apart (edge to edge) and look for antagonism (the D phenomenon) to detect inducible clindamycin resistance.
[1] Linezolid has been used in oral follow-up treatment of endocarditis caused by viridans group streptococci. There are no clinical breakpoints but acquired resistance (indicated by MIC >2 mg/L) should be excluded. When excluded, the isolate should be reported “devoid of linezolid resistance mechanisms”, but not as susceptible to linezolid.
[1] Linezolid has been used in oral follow-up treatment of endocarditis caused by viridans group streptococci. There are no clinical breakpoints but acquired resistance (indicated by MIC >2 mg/L) should be excluded. When excluded, the isolate should be reported “devoid of linezolid resistance mechanisms”, but not as susceptible to linezolid.
[1/A] Rifampicin has been used in oral follow-up treatment of endocarditis caused by viridans group streptococci. There are no clinical breakpoints but acquired resistance (indicated by MIC >0.25 mg/L; zone diameter <21 mm for the rifampicin 5 µg disk) should be excluded. When excluded, the isolate should be reported “devoid of rifampicin resistance mechanisms”, but not as susceptible to rifampicin.
[1/A] Rifampicin has been used in oral follow-up treatment of endocarditis caused by viridans group streptococci. There are no clinical breakpoints but acquired resistance (indicated by MIC >0.25 mg/L; zone diameter <21 mm for the rifampicin 5 µg disk) should be excluded. When excluded, the isolate should be reported “devoid of rifampicin resistance mechanisms”, but not as susceptible to rifampicin.
[A] The benzylpenicillin 1 unit disk diffusion screening test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (zone diameter ≥12 mm) all penicillins for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note”, can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for amoxicillin oral and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid oral, which if reported, should be reported “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (zone diameter <12 mm), see flow chart below. | [B] Read the outer edge of zones where an otherwise clear inhibition zone contains an area of growth around the disk, see pictures below.
[A] The benzylpenicillin 1 unit disk diffusion screening test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (zone diameter ≥12 mm) all penicillins for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note”, can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for amoxicillin oral and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid oral, which if reported, should be reported “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (zone diameter <12 mm), see flow chart below. | [B] Read the outer edge of zones where an otherwise clear inhibition zone contains an area of growth around the disk, see pictures below.
[A] The benzylpenicillin 1 unit disk diffusion screening test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (zone diameter ≥12 mm) all penicillins for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note”, can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for amoxicillin oral and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid oral, which if reported, should be reported “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (zone diameter <12 mm), see flow chart below. | [B] Read the outer edge of zones where an otherwise clear inhibition zone contains an area of growth around the disk, see pictures below.
[3/C] In meningitis, H. influenzae negative in the benzylpenicillin 1 unit screen (zone diameter ≥12 mm) can be reported susceptible.
[3/C] In meningitis, H. influenzae negative in the benzylpenicillin 1 unit screen (zone diameter ≥12 mm) can be reported susceptible.
[5/D] Susceptibility can be inferred from amoxicillin-clavulanic acid iv. | [4] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of sulbactam is fixed at 4 mg/L. | [A] The benzylpenicillin 1 unit disk diffusion screening test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (zone diameter ≥12 mm) all penicillins for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note”, can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for amoxicillin oral and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid oral, which if reported, should be reported “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (zone diameter <12 mm), see flow chart below.
[5/D] Susceptibility can be inferred from amoxicillin-clavulanic acid iv. | [4] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of sulbactam is fixed at 4 mg/L. | [A] The benzylpenicillin 1 unit disk diffusion screening test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (zone diameter ≥12 mm) all penicillins for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note”, can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for amoxicillin oral and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid oral, which if reported, should be reported “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (zone diameter <12 mm), see flow chart below.
[A] The benzylpenicillin 1 unit disk diffusion screening test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (zone diameter ≥12 mm) all penicillins for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note”, can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for amoxicillin oral and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid oral, which if reported, should be reported “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (zone diameter <12 mm), see flow chart below. | [E] Susceptibility can be inferred from ampicillin.
[A] The benzylpenicillin 1 unit disk diffusion screening test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (zone diameter ≥12 mm) all penicillins for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note”, can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for amoxicillin oral and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid oral, which if reported, should be reported “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (zone diameter <12 mm), see flow chart below. | [E] Susceptibility can be inferred from ampicillin.
[3/C] In meningitis, H. influenzae negative in the benzylpenicillin 1 unit screen (zone diameter ≥12 mm) can be reported susceptible.
[3/C] In meningitis, H. influenzae negative in the benzylpenicillin 1 unit screen (zone diameter ≥12 mm) can be reported susceptible.
[A] The benzylpenicillin 1 unit disk diffusion screening test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (zone diameter ≥12 mm) all penicillins for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note”, can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for amoxicillin oral and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid oral, which if reported, should be reported “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (zone diameter <12 mm), see flow chart below. | [F] Isolates susceptible to ampicillin can be reported "susceptible, increased exposure” (I) to amoxicillin oral. Isolates resistant to ampicillin can be reported resistant to amoxicillin oral.
[A] The benzylpenicillin 1 unit disk diffusion screening test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (zone diameter ≥12 mm) all penicillins for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note”, can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for amoxicillin oral and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid oral, which if reported, should be reported “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (zone diameter <12 mm), see flow chart below. | [F] Isolates susceptible to ampicillin can be reported "susceptible, increased exposure” (I) to amoxicillin oral. Isolates resistant to ampicillin can be reported resistant to amoxicillin oral.
[6] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of clavulanic acid is fixed at 2 mg/L. | [A] The benzylpenicillin 1 unit disk diffusion screening test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (zone diameter ≥12 mm) all penicillins for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note”, can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for amoxicillin oral and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid oral, which if reported, should be reported “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (zone diameter <12 mm), see flow chart below. | [B] Read the outer edge of zones where an otherwise clear inhibition zone contains an area of growth around the disk, see pictures below.
[6] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of clavulanic acid is fixed at 2 mg/L. | [A] The benzylpenicillin 1 unit disk diffusion screening test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (zone diameter ≥12 mm) all penicillins for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note”, can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for amoxicillin oral and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid oral, which if reported, should be reported “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (zone diameter <12 mm), see flow chart below. | [B] Read the outer edge of zones where an otherwise clear inhibition zone contains an area of growth around the disk, see pictures below.
[6] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of clavulanic acid is fixed at 2 mg/L. | [A] The benzylpenicillin 1 unit disk diffusion screening test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (zone diameter ≥12 mm) all penicillins for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note”, can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for amoxicillin oral and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid oral, which if reported, should be reported “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (zone diameter <12 mm), see flow chart below. | [B] Read the outer edge of zones where an otherwise clear inhibition zone contains an area of growth around the disk, see pictures below.
[6] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of clavulanic acid is fixed at 2 mg/L. | [A] The benzylpenicillin 1 unit disk diffusion screening test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (zone diameter ≥12 mm) all penicillins for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note”, can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for amoxicillin oral and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid oral, which if reported, should be reported “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (zone diameter <12 mm), see flow chart below. | [B] Read the outer edge of zones where an otherwise clear inhibition zone contains an area of growth around the disk, see pictures below.
[7] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of tazobactam is fixed at 4 mg/L. | [A] The benzylpenicillin 1 unit disk diffusion screening test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (zone diameter ≥12 mm) all penicillins for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note”, can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for amoxicillin oral and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid oral, which if reported, should be reported “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (zone diameter <12 mm), see flow chart below. | [B] Read the outer edge of zones where an otherwise clear inhibition zone contains an area of growth around the disk, see pictures below.
[7] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of tazobactam is fixed at 4 mg/L. | [A] The benzylpenicillin 1 unit disk diffusion screening test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (zone diameter ≥12 mm) all penicillins for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note”, can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for amoxicillin oral and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid oral, which if reported, should be reported “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (zone diameter <12 mm), see flow chart below. | [B] Read the outer edge of zones where an otherwise clear inhibition zone contains an area of growth around the disk, see pictures below.
[A] The benzylpenicillin 1 unit disk diffusion screening test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (zone diameter ≥12 mm) all cephalosporins for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note”, can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for cefuroxime oral, which if reported, should be reported “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (zone diameter <12 mm), see flow chart below. | [B] Read the outer edge of zones where an otherwise clear inhibition zone contains an area of growth around the disk, see pictures below.
[A] The benzylpenicillin 1 unit disk diffusion screening test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (zone diameter ≥12 mm) all cephalosporins for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note”, can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for cefuroxime oral, which if reported, should be reported “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (zone diameter <12 mm), see flow chart below. | [B] Read the outer edge of zones where an otherwise clear inhibition zone contains an area of growth around the disk, see pictures below.
[2/D] The addition of a beta-lactamase inhibitor does not add clinical benefit. The beta-lactamases produced by the organism either do not modify the parent cephalosporin or are not affected by the inhibitor.
[2/D] The addition of a beta-lactamase inhibitor does not add clinical benefit. The beta-lactamases produced by the organism either do not modify the parent cephalosporin or are not affected by the inhibitor.
[A] The benzylpenicillin 1 unit disk diffusion screening test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (zone diameter ≥12 mm) all cephalosporins for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note”, can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for cefuroxime oral, which if reported, should be reported “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (zone diameter <12 mm), see flow chart below. | [B] Read the outer edge of zones where an otherwise clear inhibition zone contains an area of growth around the disk, see pictures below.
[A] The benzylpenicillin 1 unit disk diffusion screening test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (zone diameter ≥12 mm) all cephalosporins for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note”, can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for cefuroxime oral, which if reported, should be reported “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (zone diameter <12 mm), see flow chart below. | [B] Read the outer edge of zones where an otherwise clear inhibition zone contains an area of growth around the disk, see pictures below.
[A] The benzylpenicillin 1 unit disk diffusion screening test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (zone diameter ≥12 mm) all cephalosporins for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note”, can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for cefuroxime oral, which if reported, should be reported “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (zone diameter <12 mm), see flow chart below. | [B] Read the outer edge of zones where an otherwise clear inhibition zone contains an area of growth around the disk, see pictures below.
[A] The benzylpenicillin 1 unit disk diffusion screening test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (zone diameter ≥12 mm) all cephalosporins for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note”, can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for cefuroxime oral, which if reported, should be reported “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (zone diameter <12 mm), see flow chart below. | [B] Read the outer edge of zones where an otherwise clear inhibition zone contains an area of growth around the disk, see pictures below.
[A] The benzylpenicillin 1 unit disk diffusion screening test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (zone diameter ≥12 mm) all cephalosporins for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note”, can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for cefuroxime oral, which if reported, should be reported “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (zone diameter <12 mm), see flow chart below. | [B] Read the outer edge of zones where an otherwise clear inhibition zone contains an area of growth around the disk, see pictures below.
[A] The benzylpenicillin 1 unit disk diffusion screening test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (zone diameter ≥12 mm) all cephalosporins for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note”, can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for cefuroxime oral, which if reported, should be reported “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (zone diameter <12 mm), see flow chart below. | [B] Read the outer edge of zones where an otherwise clear inhibition zone contains an area of growth around the disk, see pictures below.
[A] The benzylpenicillin 1 unit disk diffusion screening test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (zone diameter ≥12 mm) all cephalosporins for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note”, can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for cefuroxime oral, which if reported, should be reported “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (zone diameter <12 mm), see flow chart below.
[A] The benzylpenicillin 1 unit disk diffusion screening test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (zone diameter ≥12 mm) all cephalosporins for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note”, can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for cefuroxime oral, which if reported, should be reported “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (zone diameter <12 mm), see flow chart below.
[A] The benzylpenicillin 1 unit disk diffusion screening test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (zone diameter ≥12 mm) all cephalosporins for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note”, can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for cefuroxime oral, which if reported, should be reported “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (zone diameter <12 mm), see flow chart below. | [B] Read the outer edge of zones where an otherwise clear inhibition zone contains an area of growth around the disk, see pictures below.
[A] The benzylpenicillin 1 unit disk diffusion screening test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (zone diameter ≥12 mm) all cephalosporins for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note”, can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for cefuroxime oral, which if reported, should be reported “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (zone diameter <12 mm), see flow chart below. | [B] Read the outer edge of zones where an otherwise clear inhibition zone contains an area of growth around the disk, see pictures below.
[A] The benzylpenicillin 1 unit disk diffusion screening test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (zone diameter ≥12 mm) all cephalosporins for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note”, can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for cefuroxime oral, which if reported, should be reported “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (zone diameter <12 mm), see flow chart below. | [B] Read the outer edge of zones where an otherwise clear inhibition zone contains an area of growth around the disk, see pictures below.
[A] The benzylpenicillin 1 unit disk diffusion screening test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (zone diameter ≥12 mm) all cephalosporins for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note”, can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for cefuroxime oral, which if reported, should be reported “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (zone diameter <12 mm), see flow chart below. | [B] Read the outer edge of zones where an otherwise clear inhibition zone contains an area of growth around the disk, see pictures below.
[A] The benzylpenicillin 1 unit disk diffusion screening test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (zone diameter ≥12 mm) all cephalosporins for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note”, can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for cefuroxime oral, which if reported, should be reported “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (zone diameter <12 mm), see flow chart below. | [B] Read the outer edge of zones where an otherwise clear inhibition zone contains an area of growth around the disk, see pictures below.
[A] The benzylpenicillin 1 unit disk diffusion screening test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (zone diameter ≥12 mm) all cephalosporins for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note”, can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for cefuroxime oral, which if reported, should be reported “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (zone diameter <12 mm), see flow chart below. | [B] Read the outer edge of zones where an otherwise clear inhibition zone contains an area of growth around the disk, see pictures below.
[A] The benzylpenicillin 1 unit disk diffusion screening test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (zone diameter ≥12 mm) all cephalosporins for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note”, can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for cefuroxime oral, which if reported, should be reported “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (zone diameter <12 mm), see flow chart below. | [B] Read the outer edge of zones where an otherwise clear inhibition zone contains an area of growth around the disk, see pictures below.
[A] The benzylpenicillin 1 unit disk diffusion screening test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (zone diameter ≥12 mm) all cephalosporins for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note”, can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for cefuroxime oral, which if reported, should be reported “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (zone diameter <12 mm), see flow chart below. | [B] Read the outer edge of zones where an otherwise clear inhibition zone contains an area of growth around the disk, see pictures below.
[A] The benzylpenicillin 1 unit disk diffusion screening test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (zone diameter ≥12 mm) all cephalosporins for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note”, can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for cefuroxime oral, which if reported, should be reported “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (zone diameter <12 mm), see flow chart below. | [B] Read the outer edge of zones where an otherwise clear inhibition zone contains an area of growth around the disk, see pictures below.
[A] The benzylpenicillin 1 unit disk diffusion screening test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (zone diameter ≥12 mm) all cephalosporins for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note”, can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for cefuroxime oral, which if reported, should be reported “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (zone diameter <12 mm), see flow chart below. | [B] Read the outer edge of zones where an otherwise clear inhibition zone contains an area of growth around the disk, see pictures below.
[A] The benzylpenicillin 1 unit disk diffusion screening test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (zone diameter ≥12 mm) all carbapenems for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note”, can be reported susceptible without further testing. When the screen is positive (zone diameter <12 mm), see flow chart below. | [B] Read the outer edge of zones where an otherwise clear inhibition zone contains an area of growth around the disk, see pictures below.
[A] The benzylpenicillin 1 unit disk diffusion screening test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (zone diameter ≥12 mm) all carbapenems for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note”, can be reported susceptible without further testing. When the screen is positive (zone diameter <12 mm), see flow chart below. | [B] Read the outer edge of zones where an otherwise clear inhibition zone contains an area of growth around the disk, see pictures below.
[A] The benzylpenicillin 1 unit disk diffusion screening test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (zone diameter ≥12 mm) all carbapenems for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note”, can be reported susceptible without further testing. When the screen is positive (zone diameter <12 mm), see flow chart below. | [B] Read the outer edge of zones where an otherwise clear inhibition zone contains an area of growth around the disk, see pictures below.
[A] The benzylpenicillin 1 unit disk diffusion screening test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (zone diameter ≥12 mm) all carbapenems for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note”, can be reported susceptible without further testing. When the screen is positive (zone diameter <12 mm), see flow chart below. | [B] Read the outer edge of zones where an otherwise clear inhibition zone contains an area of growth around the disk, see pictures below.
[A] The benzylpenicillin 1 unit disk diffusion screening test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (zone diameter ≥12 mm) all carbapenems for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note”, can be reported susceptible without further testing. When the screen is positive (zone diameter <12 mm), see flow chart below. | [B] Read the outer edge of zones where an otherwise clear inhibition zone contains an area of growth around the disk, see pictures below.
[A] The benzylpenicillin 1 unit disk diffusion screening test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (zone diameter ≥12 mm) all carbapenems for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note”, can be reported susceptible without further testing. When the screen is positive (zone diameter <12 mm), see flow chart below. | [B] Read the outer edge of zones where an otherwise clear inhibition zone contains an area of growth around the disk, see pictures below.
[3/E] The addition of the beta-lactamase inhibitor does not add clinical benefit. The beta-lactamases produced by the organism either do not modify the parent carbapenem or are not affected by the inhibitor.
[3/E] The addition of the beta-lactamase inhibitor does not add clinical benefit. The beta-lactamases produced by the organism either do not modify the parent carbapenem or are not affected by the inhibitor.
[A] The benzylpenicillin 1 unit disk diffusion screening test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (zone diameter ≥12 mm) all carbapenems for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note”, can be reported susceptible without further testing. When the screen is positive (zone diameter <12 mm), see flow chart below. | [B] Read the outer edge of zones where an otherwise clear inhibition zone contains an area of growth around the disk, see pictures below.
[A] The benzylpenicillin 1 unit disk diffusion screening test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (zone diameter ≥12 mm) all carbapenems for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note”, can be reported susceptible without further testing. When the screen is positive (zone diameter <12 mm), see flow chart below. | [B] Read the outer edge of zones where an otherwise clear inhibition zone contains an area of growth around the disk, see pictures below.
[A] The benzylpenicillin 1 unit disk diffusion screening test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (zone diameter ≥12 mm) all carbapenems for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note”, can be reported susceptible without further testing. When the screen is positive (zone diameter <12 mm), see flow chart below. | [D] For benzylpenicillin screen positive isolates (zone <12 mm), determine the MIC in meningitis.
[A] The benzylpenicillin 1 unit disk diffusion screening test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (zone diameter ≥12 mm) all carbapenems for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note”, can be reported susceptible without further testing. When the screen is positive (zone diameter <12 mm), see flow chart below. | [D] For benzylpenicillin screen positive isolates (zone <12 mm), determine the MIC in meningitis.
[3/E] The addition of the beta-lactamase inhibitor does not add clinical benefit. The beta-lactamases produced by the organism either do not modify the parent carbapenem or are not affected by the inhibitor.
[3/E] The addition of the beta-lactamase inhibitor does not add clinical benefit. The beta-lactamases produced by the organism either do not modify the parent carbapenem or are not affected by the inhibitor.
[A] The nalidixic acid disk diffusion test can be used to screen for fluoroquinolone resistance. See Note
[A] The nalidixic acid disk diffusion test can be used to screen for fluoroquinolone resistance. See Note
[A] The nalidixic acid disk diffusion test can be used to screen for fluoroquinolone resistance. See Note
[A] The nalidixic acid disk diffusion test can be used to screen for fluoroquinolone resistance. See Note
[A] The nalidixic acid disk diffusion test can be used to screen for fluoroquinolone resistance. See Note
[A] The nalidixic acid disk diffusion test can be used to screen for fluoroquinolone resistance. See Note
[B]  | [B] Isolates categorised as screen negative can be reported susceptible to ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin and ofloxacin. Isolates categorised as screen positive should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents or reported resistant.
[A] The nalidixic acid disk diffusion test can be used to screen for fluoroquinolone resistance. See Note
[A] The nalidixic acid disk diffusion test can be used to screen for fluoroquinolone resistance. See Note
[1/A] Clinical evidence for the efficacy of macrolides in H. influenzae respiratory infections is conflicting due to high spontaneous cure rates. Should there be a need to test any macrolide against this species, the epidemiological cut-offs (ECOFFs) should be used to detect strains with acquired resistance. The ECOFFs for each agent are: azithromycin 4 mg/L, clarithromycin 32 mg/L and erythromycin 16 mg/L. There are insufficient data available to establish an ECOFF for roxithromycin.
[1/A] Clinical evidence for the efficacy of macrolides in H. influenzae respiratory infections is conflicting due to high spontaneous cure rates. Should there be a need to test any macrolide against this species, the epidemiological cut-offs (ECOFFs) should be used to detect strains with acquired resistance. The ECOFFs for each agent are: azithromycin 4 mg/L, clarithromycin 32 mg/L and erythromycin 16 mg/L. There are insufficient data available to establish an ECOFF for roxithromycin.
[1/A] Clinical evidence for the efficacy of macrolides in H. influenzae respiratory infections is conflicting due to high spontaneous cure rates. Should there be a need to test any macrolide against this species, the epidemiological cut-offs (ECOFFs) should be used to detect strains with acquired resistance. The ECOFFs for each agent are: azithromycin 4 mg/L, clarithromycin 32 mg/L and erythromycin 16 mg/L. There are insufficient data available to establish an ECOFF for roxithromycin.
[1/A] Clinical evidence for the efficacy of macrolides in H. influenzae respiratory infections is conflicting due to high spontaneous cure rates. Should there be a need to test any macrolide against this species, the epidemiological cut-offs (ECOFFs) should be used to detect strains with acquired resistance. The ECOFFs for each agent are: azithromycin 4 mg/L, clarithromycin 32 mg/L and erythromycin 16 mg/L. There are insufficient data available to establish an ECOFF for roxithromycin.
[1/A] Clinical evidence for the efficacy of macrolides in H. influenzae respiratory infections is conflicting due to high spontaneous cure rates. Should there be a need to test any macrolide against this species, the epidemiological cut-offs (ECOFFs) should be used to detect strains with acquired resistance. The ECOFFs for each agent are: azithromycin 4 mg/L, clarithromycin 32 mg/L and erythromycin 16 mg/L. There are insufficient data available to establish an ECOFF for roxithromycin.
[1/A] Clinical evidence for the efficacy of macrolides in H. influenzae respiratory infections is conflicting due to high spontaneous cure rates. Should there be a need to test any macrolide against this species, the epidemiological cut-offs (ECOFFs) should be used to detect strains with acquired resistance. The ECOFFs for each agent are: azithromycin 4 mg/L, clarithromycin 32 mg/L and erythromycin 16 mg/L. There are insufficient data available to establish an ECOFF for roxithromycin.
[1/A] Clinical evidence for the efficacy of macrolides in H. influenzae respiratory infections is conflicting due to high spontaneous cure rates. Should there be a need to test any macrolide against this species, the epidemiological cut-offs (ECOFFs) should be used to detect strains with acquired resistance. The ECOFFs for each agent are: azithromycin 4 mg/L, clarithromycin 32 mg/L and erythromycin 16 mg/L. There are insufficient data available to establish an ECOFF for roxithromycin.
[1/A] Clinical evidence for the efficacy of macrolides in H. influenzae respiratory infections is conflicting due to high spontaneous cure rates. Should there be a need to test any macrolide against this species, the epidemiological cut-offs (ECOFFs) should be used to detect strains with acquired resistance. The ECOFFs for each agent are: azithromycin 4 mg/L, clarithromycin 32 mg/L and erythromycin 16 mg/L. There are insufficient data available to establish an ECOFF for roxithromycin.
[1/A] Tetracycline can be used to screen for resistance in tetracycline agents. Isolates categorised as susceptible to tetracycline can be reported susceptible to doxycycline and minocycline. Isolates categorised as resistant to tetracycline should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents or reported resistant.
[1/A] Tetracycline can be used to screen for resistance in tetracycline agents. Isolates categorised as susceptible to tetracycline can be reported susceptible to doxycycline and minocycline. Isolates categorised as resistant to tetracycline should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents or reported resistant.
[1/A] Tetracycline can be used to screen for resistance in tetracycline agents. Isolates categorised as susceptible to tetracycline can be reported susceptible to doxycycline and minocycline. Isolates categorised as resistant to tetracycline should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents or reported resistant.
[1/A] Tetracycline can be used to screen for resistance in tetracycline agents. Isolates categorised as susceptible to tetracycline can be reported susceptible to doxycycline and minocycline. Isolates categorised as resistant to tetracycline should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents or reported resistant.
[1/A] Tetracycline can be used to screen for resistance in tetracycline agents. Isolates categorised as susceptible to tetracycline can be reported susceptible to doxycycline and minocycline. Isolates categorised as resistant to tetracycline should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents or reported resistant.
[1/A] Tetracycline can be used to screen for resistance in tetracycline agents. Isolates categorised as susceptible to tetracycline can be reported susceptible to doxycycline and minocycline. Isolates categorised as resistant to tetracycline should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents or reported resistant.
[3/A] Susceptibility can be inferred from amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. | [2] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of sulbactam is fixed at 4 mg/L.
[3/A] Susceptibility can be inferred from amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. | [2] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of sulbactam is fixed at 4 mg/L.
[4] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of clavulanic acid is fixed at 2 mg/L.
[4] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of clavulanic acid is fixed at 2 mg/L.
[3/A] Susceptibility can be inferred from amoxicillin-clavulanic acid.
[3/A] Susceptibility can be inferred from amoxicillin-clavulanic acid.
[1/A] The addition of a beta-lactamase inhibitor does not add clinical benefit. The beta-lactamases produced by the organism either do not modify the parent cephalosporin or are not affected by the inhibitor.
[1/A] The addition of a beta-lactamase inhibitor does not add clinical benefit. The beta-lactamases produced by the organism either do not modify the parent cephalosporin or are not affected by the inhibitor.
[2/A] The addition of a beta-lactamase inhibitor does not add clinical benefit. The beta-lactamases produced by the organism either do not modify the parent carbapenem or are not affected by the inhibitor.
[2/A] The addition of a beta-lactamase inhibitor does not add clinical benefit. The beta-lactamases produced by the organism either do not modify the parent carbapenem or are not affected by the inhibitor.
[2/A] The addition of a beta-lactamase inhibitor does not add clinical benefit. The beta-lactamases produced by the organism either do not modify the parent carbapenem or are not affected by the inhibitor.
[2/A] The addition of a beta-lactamase inhibitor does not add clinical benefit. The beta-lactamases produced by the organism either do not modify the parent carbapenem or are not affected by the inhibitor.
[A] The nalidixic acid disk diffusion test can be used to screen for fluoroquinolone resistance. See Note
[A] The nalidixic acid disk diffusion test can be used to screen for fluoroquinolone resistance. See Note
[A] The nalidixic acid disk diffusion test can be used to screen for fluoroquinolone resistance. See Note
[A] The nalidixic acid disk diffusion test can be used to screen for fluoroquinolone resistance. See Note
[A] The nalidixic acid disk diffusion test can be used to screen for fluoroquinolone resistance. See Note
[A] The nalidixic acid disk diffusion test can be used to screen for fluoroquinolone resistance. See Note
[B]  | [B] Isolates categorised as screen negative can be reported susceptible to ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin and ofloxacin. Isolates categorised as screen positive should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents or reported resistant.
[A] The nalidixic acid disk diffusion test can be used to screen for fluoroquinolone resistance. See Note
[A] The nalidixic acid disk diffusion test can be used to screen for fluoroquinolone resistance. See Note
[1/A] Erythromycin can be used to screen for macrolide resistance in Moraxella catarrhalis. Isolates categorised as susceptible can be reported susceptible to azithromycin, clarithromycin and roxithromycin. Isolates categorised as resistant should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents or reported resistant.
[1/A] Erythromycin can be used to screen for macrolide resistance in Moraxella catarrhalis. Isolates categorised as susceptible can be reported susceptible to azithromycin, clarithromycin and roxithromycin. Isolates categorised as resistant should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents or reported resistant.
[1/A] Erythromycin can be used to screen for macrolide resistance in Moraxella catarrhalis. Isolates categorised as susceptible can be reported susceptible to azithromycin, clarithromycin and roxithromycin. Isolates categorised as resistant should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents or reported resistant.
[1/A] Erythromycin can be used to screen for macrolide resistance in Moraxella catarrhalis. Isolates categorised as susceptible can be reported susceptible to azithromycin, clarithromycin and roxithromycin. Isolates categorised as resistant should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents or reported resistant.
[A] Erythromycin can be used to screen for macrolide resistance in Moraxella catarrhalis. Isolates categorised as susceptible can be reported susceptible to azithromycin, clarithromycin and roxithromycin. Isolates categorised as resistant should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents or reported resistant.
[A] Erythromycin can be used to screen for macrolide resistance in Moraxella catarrhalis. Isolates categorised as susceptible can be reported susceptible to azithromycin, clarithromycin and roxithromycin. Isolates categorised as resistant should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents or reported resistant.
[1/A] Erythromycin can be used to screen for macrolide resistance in Moraxella catarrhalis. Isolates categorised as susceptible can be reported susceptible to azithromycin, clarithromycin and roxithromycin. Isolates categorised as resistant should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents or reported resistant.
[1/A] Erythromycin can be used to screen for macrolide resistance in Moraxella catarrhalis. Isolates categorised as susceptible can be reported susceptible to azithromycin, clarithromycin and roxithromycin. Isolates categorised as resistant should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents or reported resistant.
[1/A] Tetracycline can be used to screen for resistance in tetracycline agents. Isolates categorised as susceptible to tetracycline can be reported susceptible to doxycycline and minocycline. Isolates categorised as resistant to tetracycline should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents or reported resistant.
[1/A] Tetracycline can be used to screen for resistance in tetracycline agents. Isolates categorised as susceptible to tetracycline can be reported susceptible to doxycycline and minocycline. Isolates categorised as resistant to tetracycline should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents or reported resistant.
[1/A] Tetracycline can be used to screen for resistance in tetracycline agents. Isolates categorised as susceptible to tetracycline can be reported susceptible to doxycycline and minocycline. Isolates categorised as resistant to tetracycline should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents or reported resistant.
[1/A] Tetracycline can be used to screen for resistance in tetracycline agents. Isolates categorised as susceptible to tetracycline can be reported susceptible to doxycycline and minocycline. Isolates categorised as resistant to tetracycline should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents or reported resistant.
[1/A] Tetracycline can be used to screen for resistance in tetracycline agents. Isolates categorised as susceptible to tetracycline can be reported susceptible to doxycycline and minocycline. Isolates categorised as resistant to tetracycline should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents or reported resistant.
[1/A] Tetracycline can be used to screen for resistance in tetracycline agents. Isolates categorised as susceptible to tetracycline can be reported susceptible to doxycycline and minocycline. Isolates categorised as resistant to tetracycline should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents or reported resistant.
[1/A] For topical use of chloramphenicol, see table of topical agents.
[1/A] For topical use of chloramphenicol, see table of topical agents.
[1] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of sulbactam is fixed at 4 mg/L.
[1] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of sulbactam is fixed at 4 mg/L.
[2] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of clavulanic acid is fixed at 2 mg/L.
[2] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of clavulanic acid is fixed at 2 mg/L.
[4] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of tazobactam is fixed at 4 mg/L.
[4] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of tazobactam is fixed at 4 mg/L.
[5/A] For information on how to use breakpoints in brackets, see https://www.eucast.org/eucastguidancedocuments/.
[5/A] For information on how to use breakpoints in brackets, see https://www.eucast.org/eucastguidancedocuments/.
[5/A] For information on how to use breakpoints in brackets, see https://www.eucast.org/eucastguidancedocuments/. | [B] Examine zones carefully for colonies within zones. Colonies should be taken into account when reading.
[5/A] For information on how to use breakpoints in brackets, see https://www.eucast.org/eucastguidancedocuments/. | [B] Examine zones carefully for colonies within zones. Colonies should be taken into account when reading.
[6/C] Metronidazole resistance is rare, but inadequate anaerobic conditions may lead to false resistance. In case of resistance, confirm sufficient anaerobicity, species identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test result.
[6/C] Metronidazole resistance is rare, but inadequate anaerobic conditions may lead to false resistance. In case of resistance, confirm sufficient anaerobicity, species identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test result.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [2] The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the fixed concentration of the inhibitor is such that artefactually low MIC values may be obtained. Therefore no breakpoints can be given. This does not affect disk diffusion where the concentration of the inhibitor decreases proportionally with the concentration of the agent.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [2] The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the fixed concentration of the inhibitor is such that artefactually low MIC values may be obtained. Therefore no breakpoints can be given. This does not affect disk diffusion where the concentration of the inhibitor decreases proportionally with the concentration of the agent.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [B] Susceptibility can be inferred from ampicillin.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [B] Susceptibility can be inferred from ampicillin.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [2] The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the fixed concentration of the inhibitor is such that artefactually low MIC values may be obtained. Therefore no breakpoints can be given. This does not affect disk diffusion where the concentration of the inhibitor decreases proportionally with the concentration of the agent.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [2] The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the fixed concentration of the inhibitor is such that artefactually low MIC values may be obtained. Therefore no breakpoints can be given. This does not affect disk diffusion where the concentration of the inhibitor decreases proportionally with the concentration of the agent.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [2] The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the fixed concentration of the inhibitor is such that artefactually low MIC values may be obtained. Therefore no breakpoints can be given. This does not affect disk diffusion where the concentration of the inhibitor decreases proportionally with the concentration of the agent.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [2] The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the fixed concentration of the inhibitor is such that artefactually low MIC values may be obtained. Therefore no breakpoints can be given. This does not affect disk diffusion where the concentration of the inhibitor decreases proportionally with the concentration of the agent.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[C] Examine zones carefully for colonies within zones. Colonies should be taken into account when reading.
[C] Examine zones carefully for colonies within zones. Colonies should be taken into account when reading.
[3/D] Metronidazole resistance is rare, but inadequate anaerobic conditions may lead to false resistance. In case of resistance, confirm sufficient anaerobicity, species identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test result.
[3/D] Metronidazole resistance is rare, but inadequate anaerobic conditions may lead to false resistance. In case of resistance, confirm sufficient anaerobicity, species identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test result.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [2] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of sulbactam is fixed at 4 mg/L.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [2] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of sulbactam is fixed at 4 mg/L.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [B] Susceptibility can be inferred from ampicillin.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [B] Susceptibility can be inferred from ampicillin.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [3] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of clavulanic acid is fixed at 2 mg/L.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [3] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of clavulanic acid is fixed at 2 mg/L.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [3] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of clavulanic acid is fixed at 2 mg/L. | [4] The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the fixed concentration of the inhibitor is such that artefactually low MIC values may be obtained. Therefore no breakpoints can be given. This does not affect disk diffusion where the concentration of the inhibitor decreases proportionally with the concentration of the agent.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [3] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of clavulanic acid is fixed at 2 mg/L. | [4] The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the fixed concentration of the inhibitor is such that artefactually low MIC values may be obtained. Therefore no breakpoints can be given. This does not affect disk diffusion where the concentration of the inhibitor decreases proportionally with the concentration of the agent.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [5] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of tazobactam is fixed at 4 mg/L.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [5] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of tazobactam is fixed at 4 mg/L.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [4] The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the fixed concentration of the inhibitor is such that artefactually low MIC values may be obtained. Therefore no breakpoints can be given. This does not affect disk diffusion where the concentration of the inhibitor decreases proportionally with the concentration of the agent. | [5] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of tazobactam is fixed at 4 mg/L.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [4] The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the fixed concentration of the inhibitor is such that artefactually low MIC values may be obtained. Therefore no breakpoints can be given. This does not affect disk diffusion where the concentration of the inhibitor decreases proportionally with the concentration of the agent. | [5] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of tazobactam is fixed at 4 mg/L.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[C] Examine zones carefully for colonies within zones. Colonies should be taken into account when reading.
[C] Examine zones carefully for colonies within zones. Colonies should be taken into account when reading.
[6/D] Metronidazole resistance is rare, but inadequate anaerobic conditions may lead to false resistance. In case of resistance, confirm sufficient anaerobicity, species identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test result.
[6/D] Metronidazole resistance is rare, but inadequate anaerobic conditions may lead to false resistance. In case of resistance, confirm sufficient anaerobicity, species identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test result.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [2] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of sulbactam is fixed at 4 mg/L.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [2] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of sulbactam is fixed at 4 mg/L.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [B] Susceptibility can be inferred from ampicillin.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [B] Susceptibility can be inferred from ampicillin.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [3] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of clavulanic acid is fixed at 2 mg/L.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [3] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of clavulanic acid is fixed at 2 mg/L.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [4] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of  tazobactam is fixed at 4 mg/L.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [4] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of  tazobactam is fixed at 4 mg/L.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[C] Examine zones carefully for colonies within zones. Colonies should be taken into account when reading.
[C] Examine zones carefully for colonies within zones. Colonies should be taken into account when reading.
[5/D] Metronidazole resistance is rare, but inadequate anaerobic conditions may lead to false resistance. In case of resistance, confirm sufficient anaerobicity, species identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test result.
[5/D] Metronidazole resistance is rare, but inadequate anaerobic conditions may lead to false resistance. In case of resistance, confirm sufficient anaerobicity, species identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test result.
[1] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of sulbactam is fixed at 4 mg/L.
[1] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of sulbactam is fixed at 4 mg/L.
[A] Susceptibility can be inferred from ampicillin.
[A] Susceptibility can be inferred from ampicillin.
[2] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of clavulanic acid is fixed at 2 mg/L.
[2] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of clavulanic acid is fixed at 2 mg/L.
[3] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of  tazobactam is fixed at 4 mg/L.
[3] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of  tazobactam is fixed at 4 mg/L.
[4/B] For information on how to use breakpoints in brackets, see https://www.eucast.org/eucastguidancedocuments/. | [C] Examine zones carefully for colonies within zones. Colonies should be taken into account when reading.
[4/B] For information on how to use breakpoints in brackets, see https://www.eucast.org/eucastguidancedocuments/. | [C] Examine zones carefully for colonies within zones. Colonies should be taken into account when reading.
[5/D] Metronidazole resistance is rare, but inadequate anaerobic conditions may lead to false resistance. In case of resistance, confirm sufficient anaerobicity, species identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test result.
[5/D] Metronidazole resistance is rare, but inadequate anaerobic conditions may lead to false resistance. In case of resistance, confirm sufficient anaerobicity, species identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test result.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [2] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of sulbactam is fixed at 4 mg/L.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [2] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of sulbactam is fixed at 4 mg/L.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [B] Susceptibility can be inferred from ampicillin.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [B] Susceptibility can be inferred from ampicillin.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [3] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of clavulanic acid is fixed at 2 mg/L.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [3] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of clavulanic acid is fixed at 2 mg/L.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [4] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of  tazobactam is fixed at 4 mg/L.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [4] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of  tazobactam is fixed at 4 mg/L.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[5/C] Metronidazole resistance is rare, but inadequate anaerobic conditions may lead to false resistance. In case of resistance, confirm sufficient anaerobicity, species identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test result.
[5/C] Metronidazole resistance is rare, but inadequate anaerobic conditions may lead to false resistance. In case of resistance, confirm sufficient anaerobicity, species identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test result.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [2] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of sulbactam is fixed at 4 mg/L.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [2] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of sulbactam is fixed at 4 mg/L.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [B] Susceptibility can be inferred from ampicillin.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [B] Susceptibility can be inferred from ampicillin.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [3] The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the fixed concentration of the inhibitor is such that artefactually low MIC values may be obtained. Therefore no breakpoints can be given. This does not affect disk diffusion where the concentration of the inhibitor decreases proportionally with the concentration of the agent.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [3] The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the fixed concentration of the inhibitor is such that artefactually low MIC values may be obtained. Therefore no breakpoints can be given. This does not affect disk diffusion where the concentration of the inhibitor decreases proportionally with the concentration of the agent.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [4] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of  tazobactam is fixed at 4 mg/L.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [4] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of  tazobactam is fixed at 4 mg/L.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[C] Examine zones carefully for colonies within zones. Colonies should be taken into account when reading.
[C] Examine zones carefully for colonies within zones. Colonies should be taken into account when reading.
[5/D] Metronidazole resistance is rare, but inadequate anaerobic conditions may lead to false resistance. In case of resistance, confirm sufficient anaerobicity, species identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test result.
[5/D] Metronidazole resistance is rare, but inadequate anaerobic conditions may lead to false resistance. In case of resistance, confirm sufficient anaerobicity, species identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test result.
[1] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of sulbactam is fixed at 4 mg/L.
[1] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of sulbactam is fixed at 4 mg/L.
[A] Susceptibility can be inferred from ampicillin.
[A] Susceptibility can be inferred from ampicillin.
[2] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of clavulanic acid is fixed at 2 mg/L.
[2] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of clavulanic acid is fixed at 2 mg/L.
[3/B] Metronidazole resistance is rare, but inadequate anaerobic conditions may lead to false resistance. In case of resistance, confirm sufficient anaerobicity, species identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test result.
[3/B] Metronidazole resistance is rare, but inadequate anaerobic conditions may lead to false resistance. In case of resistance, confirm sufficient anaerobicity, species identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test result.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. Resistance to beta-lactam agents in C. acnes is rare. The identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test result on any such isolate must be confirmed.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. Resistance to beta-lactam agents in C. acnes is rare. The identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test result on any such isolate must be confirmed.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. Resistance to beta-lactam agents in C. acnes is rare. The identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test result on any such isolate must be confirmed.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. Resistance to beta-lactam agents in C. acnes is rare. The identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test result on any such isolate must be confirmed.
[1] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. Resistance to beta-lactam agents in C. acnes is rare. The identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test result on any such isolate must be confirmed. | [2] The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the fixed concentration of the inhibitor is such that artefactually low MIC values may be obtained. Therefore no breakpoints can be given. This does not affect disk diffusion where the concentration of the inhibitor decreases proportionally with the concentration of the agent.
[1] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. Resistance to beta-lactam agents in C. acnes is rare. The identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test result on any such isolate must be confirmed. | [2] The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the fixed concentration of the inhibitor is such that artefactually low MIC values may be obtained. Therefore no breakpoints can be given. This does not affect disk diffusion where the concentration of the inhibitor decreases proportionally with the concentration of the agent.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. Resistance to beta-lactam agents in C. acnes is rare. The identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test result on any such isolate must be confirmed. | [B] Susceptibility can be inferred from ampicillin.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. Resistance to beta-lactam agents in C. acnes is rare. The identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test result on any such isolate must be confirmed. | [B] Susceptibility can be inferred from ampicillin.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. Resistance to beta-lactam agents in C. acnes is rare. The identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test result on any such isolate must be confirmed. | [2] The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the fixed concentration of the inhibitor is such that artefactually low MIC values may be obtained. Therefore no breakpoints can be given. This does not affect disk diffusion where the concentration of the inhibitor decreases proportionally with the concentration of the agent.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. Resistance to beta-lactam agents in C. acnes is rare. The identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test result on any such isolate must be confirmed. | [2] The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the fixed concentration of the inhibitor is such that artefactually low MIC values may be obtained. Therefore no breakpoints can be given. This does not affect disk diffusion where the concentration of the inhibitor decreases proportionally with the concentration of the agent.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. Resistance to beta-lactam agents in C. acnes is rare. The identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test result on any such isolate must be confirmed. | [2] The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the fixed concentration of the inhibitor is such that artefactually low MIC values may be obtained. Therefore no breakpoints can be given. This does not affect disk diffusion where the concentration of the inhibitor decreases proportionally with the concentration of the agent.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. Resistance to beta-lactam agents in C. acnes is rare. The identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test result on any such isolate must be confirmed. | [2] The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the fixed concentration of the inhibitor is such that artefactually low MIC values may be obtained. Therefore no breakpoints can be given. This does not affect disk diffusion where the concentration of the inhibitor decreases proportionally with the concentration of the agent.
[3/C] Susceptibility to ceftriaxone can be inferred from the cefotaxime disk diffusion test.
[3/C] Susceptibility to ceftriaxone can be inferred from the cefotaxime disk diffusion test.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. Resistance to beta-lactam agents in C. acnes is rare. The identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test result on any such isolate must be confirmed. | [3/C] Susceptibility to ceftriaxone can be inferred from the cefotaxime disk diffusion test.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. Resistance to beta-lactam agents in C. acnes is rare. The identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test result on any such isolate must be confirmed. | [3/C] Susceptibility to ceftriaxone can be inferred from the cefotaxime disk diffusion test.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. Resistance to beta-lactam agents in C. acnes is rare. The identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test result on any such isolate must be confirmed.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. Resistance to beta-lactam agents in C. acnes is rare. The identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test result on any such isolate must be confirmed.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. Resistance to beta-lactam agents in C. acnes is rare. The identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test result on any such isolate must be confirmed.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. Resistance to beta-lactam agents in C. acnes is rare. The identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test result on any such isolate must be confirmed.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. Resistance to beta-lactam agents in C. acnes is rare. The identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test result on any such isolate must be confirmed.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. Resistance to beta-lactam agents in C. acnes is rare. The identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test result on any such isolate must be confirmed.
[D] Examine zones carefully for colonies within zones. Colonies should be taken into account when reading.
[D] Examine zones carefully for colonies within zones. Colonies should be taken into account when reading.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [2] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of sulbactam is fixed at 4 mg/L.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [2] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of sulbactam is fixed at 4 mg/L.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [B] Susceptibility can be inferred from ampicillin.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [B] Susceptibility can be inferred from ampicillin.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [3] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of clavulanic acid is fixed at 2 mg/L.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [3] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of clavulanic acid is fixed at 2 mg/L.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [4] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of  tazobactam is fixed at 4 mg/L.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [4] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of  tazobactam is fixed at 4 mg/L.
[5/C] Susceptibility to ceftriaxone can be inferred from the cefotaxime disk diffusion test.
[5/C] Susceptibility to ceftriaxone can be inferred from the cefotaxime disk diffusion test.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [5/C] Susceptibility to ceftriaxone can be inferred from the cefotaxime disk diffusion test.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [5/C] Susceptibility to ceftriaxone can be inferred from the cefotaxime disk diffusion test.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[D] Examine zones carefully for colonies within zones. Colonies should be taken into account when reading.
[D] Examine zones carefully for colonies within zones. Colonies should be taken into account when reading.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [2] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of sulbactam is fixed at 4 mg/L.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [2] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of sulbactam is fixed at 4 mg/L.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [B] Susceptibility can be inferred from ampicillin.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [B] Susceptibility can be inferred from ampicillin.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [3] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of clavulanic acid is fixed at 2 mg/L..
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [3] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of clavulanic acid is fixed at 2 mg/L..
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [4] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of  tazobactam is fixed at 4 mg/L.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [4] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of  tazobactam is fixed at 4 mg/L.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[C] Examine zones carefully for colonies within zones. Colonies should be taken into account when reading.
[C] Examine zones carefully for colonies within zones. Colonies should be taken into account when reading.
[6/D] Metronidazole resistance is rare, but inadequate anaerobic conditions may lead to false resistance. In case of resistance, confirm sufficient anaerobicity, species identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test result.
[6/D] Metronidazole resistance is rare, but inadequate anaerobic conditions may lead to false resistance. In case of resistance, confirm sufficient anaerobicity, species identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test result.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [2] The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the fixed concentration of the inhibitor is such that artefactually low MIC values may be obtained. Therefore no breakpoints can be given. This does not affect disk diffusion where the concentration of the inhibitor decreases proportionally with the concentration of the agent.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [2] The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the fixed concentration of the inhibitor is such that artefactually low MIC values may be obtained. Therefore no breakpoints can be given. This does not affect disk diffusion where the concentration of the inhibitor decreases proportionally with the concentration of the agent.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [B] Susceptibility can be inferred from ampicillin.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [B] Susceptibility can be inferred from ampicillin.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [2] The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the fixed concentration of the inhibitor is such that artefactually low MIC values may be obtained. Therefore no breakpoints can be given. This does not affect disk diffusion where the concentration of the inhibitor decreases proportionally with the concentration of the agent.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [2] The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the fixed concentration of the inhibitor is such that artefactually low MIC values may be obtained. Therefore no breakpoints can be given. This does not affect disk diffusion where the concentration of the inhibitor decreases proportionally with the concentration of the agent.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [2] The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the fixed concentration of the inhibitor is such that artefactually low MIC values may be obtained. Therefore no breakpoints can be given. This does not affect disk diffusion where the concentration of the inhibitor decreases proportionally with the concentration of the agent.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [2] The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the fixed concentration of the inhibitor is such that artefactually low MIC values may be obtained. Therefore no breakpoints can be given. This does not affect disk diffusion where the concentration of the inhibitor decreases proportionally with the concentration of the agent.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[4/C] For information on how to use breakpoints in brackets, see https://www.eucast.org/eucastguidancedocuments/. | [D] Examine zones carefully for colonies within zones. Colonies should be taken into account when reading.
[4/C] For information on how to use breakpoints in brackets, see https://www.eucast.org/eucastguidancedocuments/. | [D] Examine zones carefully for colonies within zones. Colonies should be taken into account when reading.
[5/E] Metronidazole resistance is rare, but inadequate anaerobic conditions may lead to false resistance. In case of resistance, confirm sufficient anaerobicity, species identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test result.
[5/E] Metronidazole resistance is rare, but inadequate anaerobic conditions may lead to false resistance. In case of resistance, confirm sufficient anaerobicity, species identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test result.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [2] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of sulbactam is fixed at 4 mg/L.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [2] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of sulbactam is fixed at 4 mg/L.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [B] Susceptibility can be inferred from ampicillin.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [B] Susceptibility can be inferred from ampicillin.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [3] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of clavulanic acid is fixed at 2 mg/L..
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [3] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of clavulanic acid is fixed at 2 mg/L..
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [4] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of  tazobactam is fixed at 4 mg/L.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [4] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of  tazobactam is fixed at 4 mg/L.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[6/C] For information on how to use breakpoints in brackets, see https://www.eucast.org/eucastguidancedocuments/. | [D] Examine zones carefully for colonies within zones. Colonies should be taken into account when reading.
[6/C] For information on how to use breakpoints in brackets, see https://www.eucast.org/eucastguidancedocuments/. | [D] Examine zones carefully for colonies within zones. Colonies should be taken into account when reading.
[7/E] Metronidazole resistance is rare, but inadequate anaerobic conditions may lead to false resistance. In case of resistance, confirm sufficient anaerobicity, species identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test result.
[7/E] Metronidazole resistance is rare, but inadequate anaerobic conditions may lead to false resistance. In case of resistance, confirm sufficient anaerobicity, species identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test result.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [2] The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the fixed concentration of the inhibitor is such that artefactually low MIC values may be obtained. Therefore no breakpoints can be given. This does not affect disk diffusion where the concentration of the inhibitor decreases proportionally with the concentration of the agent.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [2] The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the fixed concentration of the inhibitor is such that artefactually low MIC values may be obtained. Therefore no breakpoints can be given. This does not affect disk diffusion where the concentration of the inhibitor decreases proportionally with the concentration of the agent.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [B] Susceptibility can be inferred from ampicillin.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [B] Susceptibility can be inferred from ampicillin.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [2] The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the fixed concentration of the inhibitor is such that artefactually low MIC values may be obtained. Therefore no breakpoints can be given. This does not affect disk diffusion where the concentration of the inhibitor decreases proportionally with the concentration of the agent.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [2] The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the fixed concentration of the inhibitor is such that artefactually low MIC values may be obtained. Therefore no breakpoints can be given. This does not affect disk diffusion where the concentration of the inhibitor decreases proportionally with the concentration of the agent.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [2] The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the fixed concentration of the inhibitor is such that artefactually low MIC values may be obtained. Therefore no breakpoints can be given. This does not affect disk diffusion where the concentration of the inhibitor decreases proportionally with the concentration of the agent.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents. | [2] The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the fixed concentration of the inhibitor is such that artefactually low MIC values may be obtained. Therefore no breakpoints can be given. This does not affect disk diffusion where the concentration of the inhibitor decreases proportionally with the concentration of the agent.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.
[4/C] For information on how to use breakpoints in brackets, see https://www.eucast.org/eucastguidancedocuments/. | [D] Examine zones carefully for colonies within zones. Colonies should be taken into account when reading.
[4/C] For information on how to use breakpoints in brackets, see https://www.eucast.org/eucastguidancedocuments/. | [D] Examine zones carefully for colonies within zones. Colonies should be taken into account when reading.
[5/E] Metronidazole resistance is rare, but inadequate anaerobic conditions may lead to false resistance. In case of resistance, confirm sufficient anaerobicity, species identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test result.
[5/E] Metronidazole resistance is rare, but inadequate anaerobic conditions may lead to false resistance. In case of resistance, confirm sufficient anaerobicity, species identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test result.
[1] The breakpoints are based on epidemiological cut-off values (ECOFFs) and apply to oral treatment of C. difficile infections. There are no conclusive clinical data regarding the relation between MICs and outcomes.
[1] The breakpoints are based on epidemiological cut-off values (ECOFFs) and apply to oral treatment of C. difficile infections. There are no conclusive clinical data regarding the relation between MICs and outcomes.
[1] The breakpoints are based on epidemiological cut-off values (ECOFFs) and apply to oral treatment of C. difficile infections. There are no conclusive clinical data regarding the relation between MICs and outcomes.
[1] The breakpoints are based on epidemiological cut-off values (ECOFFs) and apply to oral treatment of C. difficile infections. There are no conclusive clinical data regarding the relation between MICs and outcomes.
[1] The breakpoints are based on epidemiological cut-off values (ECOFFs) and apply to oral treatment of C. difficile infections. There are no conclusive clinical data regarding the relation between MICs and outcomes. | [2] Metronidazole resistance is rare, but inadequate anaerobic conditions may lead to false resistance. In case of resistance, confirm sufficient anaerobicity, species identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test result.
[1] The breakpoints are based on epidemiological cut-off values (ECOFFs) and apply to oral treatment of C. difficile infections. There are no conclusive clinical data regarding the relation between MICs and outcomes. | [2] Metronidazole resistance is rare, but inadequate anaerobic conditions may lead to false resistance. In case of resistance, confirm sufficient anaerobicity, species identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test result.
[A] Infer susceptibility from benzylpenicillin susceptibility.
[A] Infer susceptibility from benzylpenicillin susceptibility.
[A] Infer susceptibility from benzylpenicillin susceptibility.
[A] Infer susceptibility from benzylpenicillin susceptibility.
[1] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of clavulanic acid is fixed at 2 mg/L.
[1] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of clavulanic acid is fixed at 2 mg/L.
[A] The nalidixic acid disk diffusion test can be used to screen for fluoroquinolone resistance. See Note B.
[A] The nalidixic acid disk diffusion test can be used to screen for fluoroquinolone resistance. See Note B.
[A] The nalidixic acid disk diffusion test can be used to screen for fluoroquinolone resistance. See Note B.
[A] The nalidixic acid disk diffusion test can be used to screen for fluoroquinolone resistance. See Note B.
[B] Isolates categorised as screen negative can be reported susceptible to ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin. Isolates categorised as screen positive should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents or reported resistant.
[A] Susceptibility to doxycycline can be inferred from the tetracycline disk diffusion screening test.
[A] Susceptibility to doxycycline can be inferred from the tetracycline disk diffusion screening test.
[A] Susceptibility to doxycycline can be inferred from the tetracycline disk diffusion screening test.
[1/A] Susceptibility to azithromycin and clarithromycin can be inferred from erythromycin.
[1/A] Susceptibility to azithromycin and clarithromycin can be inferred from erythromycin.
[1/A] Susceptibility to azithromycin and clarithromycin can be inferred from erythromycin.
[1/A] Susceptibility to azithromycin and clarithromycin can be inferred from erythromycin.
[1/A] Susceptibility to azithromycin and clarithromycin can be inferred from erythromycin.
[1/A] Susceptibility to azithromycin and clarithromycin can be inferred from erythromycin.
[1/A] Susceptibility to azithromycin and clarithromycin can be inferred from erythromycin.
[1/A] Susceptibility to azithromycin and clarithromycin can be inferred from erythromycin.
[1/A] Susceptibility to doxycycline can be inferred from tetracycline.
[1/A] Susceptibility to doxycycline can be inferred from tetracycline.
[1/A] Susceptibility to doxycycline can be inferred from tetracycline.
[1/A] Susceptibility to doxycycline can be inferred from tetracycline.
[A] Non-wild typeisolates were not available when developing the disk diffusion method.
[A] Non-wild typeisolates were not available when developing the disk diffusion method.
[1/A] Isolates "susceptible, increased exposure” (I) to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to amoxicillin. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to amoxicillin or reported resistant.
[1/A] Isolates "susceptible, increased exposure” (I) to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to amoxicillin. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to amoxicillin or reported resistant.
[1/A] Isolates "susceptible, increased exposure” (I) to benzylpenicillin can be reported "susceptible, increased exposure” (I) to cefotaxime. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to cefotaxime or reported resistant.
[1/A] Isolates "susceptible, increased exposure” (I) to benzylpenicillin can be reported "susceptible, increased exposure” (I) to cefotaxime. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to cefotaxime or reported resistant.
[1/A] Isolates "susceptible, increased exposure” (I) to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to meropenem. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to meropenem or reported resistant.
[1/A] Isolates "susceptible, increased exposure” (I) to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to meropenem. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to meropenem or reported resistant.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to tetracycline can be reported susceptible to doxycycline. Isolates resistant to tetracycline should be tested for susceptibility to doxycycline or reported resistant.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to tetracycline can be reported susceptible to doxycycline. Isolates resistant to tetracycline should be tested for susceptibility to doxycycline or reported resistant.
[1/A] Infer susceptibility from ampicillin susceptibility.
[1/A] Infer susceptibility from ampicillin susceptibility.
[A] Susceptibility can be inferred from the norfloxacin disk diffusion screening test. See Note
[A] Susceptibility can be inferred from the norfloxacin disk diffusion screening test. See Note
[1] Susceptibility can be inferred from ciprofloxacin susceptibility. | [B] Susceptibility can be inferred from the ciprofloxacin susceptibility or the norfloxacin disk diffusion screening test. See Note
[1] Susceptibility can be inferred from ciprofloxacin susceptibility. | [B] Susceptibility can be inferred from the ciprofloxacin susceptibility or the norfloxacin disk diffusion screening test. See Note
[C]  | [C] The norfloxacin disk diffusion test can be used to screen for fluoroquinolone resistance.
[A] Non-wild type isolates were not available when developing the disk diffusion method.
[A] Non-wild type isolates were not available when developing the disk diffusion method.
[2/A] Susceptibility can be inferred from benzylpenicillin susceptibility.
[2/A] Susceptibility can be inferred from benzylpenicillin susceptibility.
[2/A] Susceptibility can be inferred from benzylpenicillin susceptibility.
[2/A] Susceptibility can be inferred from benzylpenicillin susceptibility.
[3] The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the fixed concentration of 2 mg/L for clavulanic acid is such that artefactually low MIC values may be obtained. Therefore no breakpoints can be given. This does not affect disk diffusion where the concentration of the inhibitor decreases proportionally with the concentration of the agent.
[3] The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the fixed concentration of 2 mg/L for clavulanic acid is such that artefactually low MIC values may be obtained. Therefore no breakpoints can be given. This does not affect disk diffusion where the concentration of the inhibitor decreases proportionally with the concentration of the agent.
[1] Susceptibility can be inferred from erythromycin susceptibility. | [A] Infer susceptibility from erythromycin susceptibility.
[1] Susceptibility can be inferred from erythromycin susceptibility. | [A] Infer susceptibility from erythromycin susceptibility.
[1] Susceptibility can be inferred from erythromycin susceptibility. | [A] Infer susceptibility from erythromycin susceptibility.
[1] Susceptibility can be inferred from erythromycin susceptibility. | [A] Infer susceptibility from erythromycin susceptibility.
[1/A] Tetracycline can be used to screen for resistance in tetracycline agents. Isolates categorised as susceptible can be reported susceptible to doxycycline. Isolates categorised as resistant should be tested for susceptibility to doxycycline or reported resistant.
[1/A] Tetracycline can be used to screen for resistance in tetracycline agents. Isolates categorised as susceptible can be reported susceptible to doxycycline. Isolates categorised as resistant should be tested for susceptibility to doxycycline or reported resistant.
[A] Read the obvious zone edge and disregard haze or growth within the inhibition zone (see pictures below).
[A] Read the obvious zone edge and disregard haze or growth within the inhibition zone (see pictures below).
[1] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of tazobactam is fixed at 4 mg/L.
[1] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of tazobactam is fixed at 4 mg/L.
[2/A] The in vitro activity of cefiderocol against Achromobacter xylosoxidans is comparable to the activity of the agent against Enterobacterales and there is animal data to suggest efficacy. However, there is insufficient clinical data to determine a clinical breakpoint. Isolates with MIC values ≤0.5 mg/L (zone diameter ≥26 mm) are mostly devoid of resistance mechanisms and are likely to be a target for treatment with this agent. Isolates with MICs 1-2 mg/L have some acquired resistance mechanisms. Little clinical data exists regarding clinical outcome for these isolates, however, they may still be a target for treatment with this agent if there are limited treatment options. Isolates with MIC values >2 mg/L (zone diameter <22 mm) have acquired resistance mechanisms and are likely to be resistant to this agent.
[2/A] The in vitro activity of cefiderocol against Achromobacter xylosoxidans is comparable to the activity of the agent against Enterobacterales and there is animal data to suggest efficacy. However, there is insufficient clinical data to determine a clinical breakpoint. Isolates with MIC values ≤0.5 mg/L (zone diameter ≥26 mm) are mostly devoid of resistance mechanisms and are likely to be a target for treatment with this agent. Isolates with MICs 1-2 mg/L have some acquired resistance mechanisms. Little clinical data exists regarding clinical outcome for these isolates, however, they may still be a target for treatment with this agent if there are limited treatment options. Isolates with MIC values >2 mg/L (zone diameter <22 mm) have acquired resistance mechanisms and are likely to be resistant to this agent.
[A] There may be growth within the inhibition zone. The density of growth may vary from a fine haze to substantial growth (see pictures below). If any zone edge can be seen, ignore growth within the inhibition zone and read the zone diameter.
[A] There may be growth within the inhibition zone. The density of growth may vary from a fine haze to substantial growth (see pictures below). If any zone edge can be seen, ignore growth within the inhibition zone and read the zone diameter.
[1] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of tazobactam is fixed at 4 mg/L.
[1] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of tazobactam is fixed at 4 mg/L.
[A] Susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin can be inferred from the pefloxacin disk diffusion screening test.
[A] Susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin can be inferred from the pefloxacin disk diffusion screening test.
[A] Susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin can be inferred from the pefloxacin disk diffusion screening test.
[A] Susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin can be inferred from the pefloxacin disk diffusion screening test.
[A] Susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin can be inferred from the pefloxacin disk diffusion screening test.
[A] Susceptibility to azithromycin (and erythromycin when azithromycin is not available) is inferred from the erythromycin disk diffusion test.
[A] Susceptibility to azithromycin (and erythromycin when azithromycin is not available) is inferred from the erythromycin disk diffusion test.
[A] Susceptibility to azithromycin (and erythromycin when azithromycin is not available) is inferred from the erythromycin disk diffusion test.
[A] Susceptibility to doxycycline (and tetracycline when doxycycline is not available) is inferred from the tetracycline disk diffusion test.
[A] Susceptibility to doxycycline (and tetracycline when doxycycline is not available) is inferred from the tetracycline disk diffusion test.
[A] Susceptibility to doxycycline (and tetracycline when doxycycline is not available) is inferred from the tetracycline disk diffusion test.
[A] The norfloxacin disk diffusion test can be used to screen for fluoroquinolone resistance. See Note
[A] The norfloxacin disk diffusion test can be used to screen for fluoroquinolone resistance. See Note
[A] The norfloxacin disk diffusion test can be used to screen for fluoroquinolone resistance. See Note
[A] The norfloxacin disk diffusion test can be used to screen for fluoroquinolone resistance. See Note
[B]  | [B] Isolates categorised as screen negative can be reported "susceptible increased exposure" (I) to ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin. Isolates categorised as screen positive can be reported resistant to ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin.
[A] Non-wild type isolates were not available when developing the disk diffusion method.
[A] Non-wild type isolates were not available when developing the disk diffusion method.
[1/A] Isolates "susceptible, increased exposure” (I) to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to amoxicillin. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to amoxicillin or reported resistant.
[1/A] Isolates "susceptible, increased exposure” (I) to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to amoxicillin. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to amoxicillin or reported resistant.
[1/A] For information on how to use breakpoints in brackets, see https://www.eucast.org/eucastguidancedocuments/.
[1/A] For information on how to use breakpoints in brackets, see https://www.eucast.org/eucastguidancedocuments/.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to tetracycline can be reported susceptible to doxycycline. Isolates resistant to tetracycline should be tested for susceptibility to doxycycline or reported resistant.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to tetracycline can be reported susceptible to doxycycline. Isolates resistant to tetracycline should be tested for susceptibility to doxycycline or reported resistant.
[1/A] For information on how to use breakpoints in brackets, see https://www.eucast.org/eucastguidancedocuments/.
[1/A] For information on how to use breakpoints in brackets, see https://www.eucast.org/eucastguidancedocuments/.
[1/A] For information on how to use breakpoints in brackets, see https://www.eucast.org/eucastguidancedocuments/.
[1/A] For information on how to use breakpoints in brackets, see https://www.eucast.org/eucastguidancedocuments/.
[1/A] For information on how to use breakpoints in brackets, see https://www.eucast.org/eucastguidancedocuments/.
[1/A] For information on how to use breakpoints in brackets, see https://www.eucast.org/eucastguidancedocuments/.
[1/A] For information on how to use breakpoints in brackets, see https://www.eucast.org/eucastguidancedocuments/.
[1/A] For information on how to use breakpoints in brackets, see https://www.eucast.org/eucastguidancedocuments/.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to tetracycline can be reported susceptible to doxycycline. Isolates resistant to tetracycline should be tested for susceptibility to doxycycline or reported resistant.
[1/A] Isolates susceptible to tetracycline can be reported susceptible to doxycycline. Isolates resistant to tetracycline should be tested for susceptibility to doxycycline or reported resistant.
[1/A] For information on how to use breakpoints in brackets, see https://www.eucast.org/eucastguidancedocuments/. | [B] Examine zones carefully for colonies close to the zone edge. Colonies should be taken into account when reading.
[1/A] For information on how to use breakpoints in brackets, see https://www.eucast.org/eucastguidancedocuments/. | [B] Examine zones carefully for colonies close to the zone edge. Colonies should be taken into account when reading.
[C] Read the obvious zone edges and disregard haze or faint growth within the inhibition zone.
[C] Read the obvious zone edges and disregard haze or faint growth within the inhibition zone.
[1] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of clavulanic acid is fixed at 2 mg/L.
[1] For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of clavulanic acid is fixed at 2 mg/L.
[A] Isolates categorised as screen negative can be reported "susceptible increased exposure" (I) to doxycyline. Isolates categorised as screen positive can be reported resistant to doxycycline.
[A] Isolates categorised as screen negative can be reported "susceptible increased exposure" (I) to doxycyline. Isolates categorised as screen positive can be reported resistant to doxycycline.
[A] Isolates categorised as screen negative can be reported "susceptible increased exposure" (I) to doxycyline. Isolates categorised as screen positive can be reported resistant to doxycycline.
[A] There may be growth within the inhibition zone. The density of growth may vary from a fine haze to substantial growth (see pictures below). If any zone edge can be seen, ignore growth within the inhibition zone and read the zone diameter.
[A] There may be growth within the inhibition zone. The density of growth may vary from a fine haze to substantial growth (see pictures below). If any zone edge can be seen, ignore growth within the inhibition zone and read the zone diameter.
[1] Screening agent for detection of fluoroquinolone resistance (pefloxacin for Enterobacterales, norfloxacin for Gram-positive organisms and nalidixic acid for H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis).
[1] Screening agent for detection of fluoroquinolone resistance (pefloxacin for Enterobacterales, norfloxacin for Gram-positive organisms and nalidixic acid for H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis).
[1] Screening agent for detection of fluoroquinolone resistance (pefloxacin for Enterobacterales, norfloxacin for Gram-positive organisms and nalidixic acid for H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis).
[1] Screening agent for detection of fluoroquinolone resistance (pefloxacin for Enterobacterales, norfloxacin for Gram-positive organisms and nalidixic acid for H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis).
[1] Screening agent for detection of fluoroquinolone resistance (pefloxacin for Enterobacterales, norfloxacin for Gram-positive organisms and nalidixic acid for H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis).
[1] Screening agent for detection of fluoroquinolone resistance (pefloxacin for Enterobacterales, norfloxacin for Gram-positive organisms and nalidixic acid for H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis).
[1] Screening agent for detection of fluoroquinolone resistance (pefloxacin for Enterobacterales, norfloxacin for Gram-positive organisms and nalidixic acid for H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis).
[1] Screening agent for detection of fluoroquinolone resistance (pefloxacin for Enterobacterales, norfloxacin for Gram-positive organisms and nalidixic acid for H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis).
[2] Breakpoints for nasal decolonization in carriers of S. aureus, S ≤1, R >1 mg/L (disk diffusion with mupirocin 200 µg disk S ≥30, R <30 mm). For short term suppression of nasal colonization (usually as a perioperative practice) breakpoints of S ≤256, R >256 mg/L (disk diffusion S ≥18 mm, R <18 mm) can be used.
[2] Breakpoints for nasal decolonization in carriers of S. aureus, S ≤1, R >1 mg/L (disk diffusion with mupirocin 200 µg disk S ≥30, R <30 mm). For short term suppression of nasal colonization (usually as a perioperative practice) breakpoints of S ≤256, R >256 mg/L (disk diffusion S ≥18 mm, R <18 mm) can be used.
[1] Screening agent for detection of fluoroquinolone resistance (pefloxacin for Enterobacterales, norfloxacin for Gram-positive organisms and nalidixic acid for H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis).
[1] Screening agent for detection of fluoroquinolone resistance (pefloxacin for Enterobacterales, norfloxacin for Gram-positive organisms and nalidixic acid for H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis).
[1] Screening agent for detection of fluoroquinolone resistance (pefloxacin for Enterobacterales, norfloxacin for Gram-positive organisms and nalidixic acid for H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis).
[1] Screening agent for detection of fluoroquinolone resistance (pefloxacin for Enterobacterales, norfloxacin for Gram-positive organisms and nalidixic acid for H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis).
[1] Screening agent for detection of fluoroquinolone resistance (pefloxacin for Enterobacterales, norfloxacin for Gram-positive organisms and nalidixic acid for H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis).
[1] Screening agent for detection of fluoroquinolone resistance (pefloxacin for Enterobacterales, norfloxacin for Gram-positive organisms and nalidixic acid for H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis).
[1] Screening agent for detection of fluoroquinolone resistance (pefloxacin for Enterobacterales, norfloxacin for Gram-positive organisms and nalidixic acid for H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis).
[1] Screening agent for detection of fluoroquinolone resistance (pefloxacin for Enterobacterales, norfloxacin for Gram-positive organisms and nalidixic acid for H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis).
[1] Screening agent for detection of fluoroquinolone resistance (pefloxacin for Enterobacterales, norfloxacin for Gram-positive organisms and nalidixic acid for H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis).
[1] Screening agent for detection of fluoroquinolone resistance (pefloxacin for Enterobacterales, norfloxacin for Gram-positive organisms and nalidixic acid for H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis).
[1] Screening agent for detection of fluoroquinolone resistance (pefloxacin for Enterobacterales, norfloxacin for Gram-positive organisms and nalidixic acid for H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis).
[1] Screening agent for detection of fluoroquinolone resistance (pefloxacin for Enterobacterales, norfloxacin for Gram-positive organisms and nalidixic acid for H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis).
[1] Screening agent for detection of fluoroquinolone resistance (pefloxacin for Enterobacterales, norfloxacin for Gram-positive organisms and nalidixic acid for H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis).
[1] Screening agent for detection of fluoroquinolone resistance (pefloxacin for Enterobacterales, norfloxacin for Gram-positive organisms and nalidixic acid for H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis).
[1] Screening agent for detection of fluoroquinolone resistance (pefloxacin for Enterobacterales, norfloxacin for Gram-positive organisms and nalidixic acid for H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis).
[1] Screening agent for detection of fluoroquinolone resistance (pefloxacin for Enterobacterales, norfloxacin for Gram-positive organisms and nalidixic acid for H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis).