{"text_format":"3","workbook":"xlsx","n_sheets":1,"sheets":["Table 1"],"read":"whole","date_system":"1900"}

{"sheet":"Table 1","index":0,"n_rows":114,"n_cols":5,"rows_kept":114,"merged":[[0,0,0,4],[2,0,2,4],[36,1,36,2],[51,1,51,2],[52,0,52,4],[113,0,113,4]]}
["EUCAST breakpoints are based on the following dosages (see section 8 in Rationale Documents). Alternative dosing regimens may result in equivalent exposure. The table should not be used as a guidance for dosing in clinical practice as dosages can vary widely by indication. It does not replace specific national, regional or local dosing guidelines. However, if national practices significantly differ from those listed below, EUCAST breakpoints may not be valid. Situations where less antibiotic is given as standard or high dose should be discussed locally or regionally."]
[]
["Uncomplicated UTI: acute, sporadic or recurrent lower urinary tract infections (uncomplicated cystitis) in patients with no known relevant anatomical or functional abnormalities within the\nurinary tract or comorbidities."]
[]
["Penicillins","Standard dosage","High dosage","Uncomplicated UTI","Special situations"]
["Benzylpenicillin","0.6 g (1 MU) x 4 iv","1.2 g (2 MU) x 4-6 iv",null,"Meningitis caused by S. pneumoniae:\nFor a dose of 2.4 g (4 MU) x 6 iv, isolates with MIC ≤0.06 mg/L are susceptible.\nPneumonia caused by S. pneumoniae:  breakpoints are related to dosage:\nFor a dose of 1.2 g (2 MU) x 4 iv, isolates with MIC ≤ 0.5 mg/L are susceptible.\nFor a dose of 2.4 (4 MU) g x 4 iv or 1.2 g (2 MU) x 6 iv, isolates with MIC ≤1 mg/L are susceptible.\nFor a dose of 2.4 g (4 MU) x 6 iv, isolates with MIC ≤2 mg/L are susceptible."]
["Ampicillin","2 g x 3 iv","2 g x 4 iv",null,"Meningitis: 2 g x 6 iv"]
["Ampicillin-sulbactam iv","(2 g ampicillin + 1 g sulbactam) x 3 iv","(2 g ampicillin + 1 g sulbactam) x 4 iv"]
["Ampicillin-sulbactam oral","None","None","0.75 g x 2 oral"]
["Amoxicillin iv","1 g x 3-4 iv","2 g x 6 iv",null,"Meningitis: 2 g x 6 iv"]
["Amoxicillin oral","0.5 g x 3 oral","0.75-1 g x 3 oral","0.5 g x 3 oral"]
["Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid iv","(1 g amoxicillin + 0.2 g clavulanic\nacid) x 3-4 iv","(2 g amoxicillin + 0.2 g clavulanic\nacid) x 3 iv"]
["Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid oral","(0.5 g amoxicillin + 0.125 g clavulanic acid) x 3 oral","(0.875 g amoxicillin + 0.125 g clavulanic acid) x 3 oral","(0.5 g amoxicillin + 0.125 g clavulanic acid) x 3 oral","Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid has separate breakpoints for systemic infections and uncomplicated UTI. When amoxicillin-clavulanic acid is reported for uncomplicated UTI, the report must make clear that the susceptibility category is only valid for uncomplicated UTI."]
["Piperacillin","4 g x 4 iv","4 g x 4 iv\nby extended 3-hour infusion",null,"High dosage for more serious infections."]
["Piperacillin-tazobactam","(4 g piperacillin + 0.5 g tazobactam) x 4 iv 30-minute infusion or\nx 3 iv by extended 4-hour infusion","(4 g piperacillin + 0.5 g tazobactam) x 4 iv by extended 3-hour infusion",null,"A lower dosage of (4 g piperacillin + 0.5 g tazobactam) x 3 iv, 30-minute infusion, is adequate for some infections such as complicated UTI, intraabdominal infections and diabetic foot infections, but not for infections caused by isolates resistant to third- generation cephalosporins."]
["Ticarcillin"]
["Ticarcillin-clavulanic acid","(3 g ticarcillin + 0.1-0.2 g clavulanic\nacid) x 4 iv","(3 g ticarcillin + 0.1 g clavulanic acid)\nx 6 iv"]
["Temocillin","2 g x 2 iv","2 g x 3 iv",null,"The 2 g x 2 iv dose has been used in the treatment of uncomplicated UTI caused by\nbacteria with beta-lactam resistance mechanisms."]
["Phenoxymethylpenicillin","0.5-2 g x 3-4 oral depending on species and/or infection\ntype","None"]
["Oxacillin","1 g x 4 iv","Dosages vary by indication"]
["Cloxacillin","0.5 g x 4 oral or 1 g x 4 iv","Dosages vary by indication",null,"Meningitis: 2 g x 6 iv"]
["Dicloxacillin","0.5-1 g x 4 oral or 1 g x 4 iv","Dosages vary by indication"]
["Flucloxacillin","1 g x 3 oral or 2 g x 4 iv\n(or 1 g x 6 iv)","Dosages vary by indication",null,"Meningitis: 2 g x 6 iv"]
["Mecillinam oral (pivmecillinam)","None","None","0.2-0.4 g x 3 oral"]
["Cephalosporins","Standard dosage","High dosage","Uncomplicated UTI","Special situations"]
["Cefaclor","0.25-0.5 g x 3 oral depending on species and/or infection\ntype","1 g x 3 oral",null,"Staphylococcus  spp.: Minimum dose 0.5 g x 3 oral"]
["Cefadroxil","0.5-1 g x 2 oral","None","0.5-1 g x 2 oral"]
["Cefalexin","0.25-1 g x 2-3 oral","None","0.25-1 g x 2-3 oral"]
["Cefazolin","1 g x 3 iv","2 g x 3 iv"]
["Cefepime","1 g x 3 iv or 2 g x 2 iv","2 g x 3 iv",null,"Severe P. aeruginosa  infections: 2 g x 3 with extended 4-hour infusion"]
["Cefiderocol","2 g x 3 iv over 3 hours","None"]
["Cefixime","0.2-0.4 g x 2 oral","None","0.2-0.4 g x 2 oral","Uncomplicated gonorrhoea: 0.4 g oral as a single dose"]
["Cefotaxime","1 g x 3 iv","2 g x 3 iv",null,"Meningitis: 2 g x 4 iv\nS. aureus:  High dose only"]
["Cefpodoxime","0.1-0.2 g x 2 oral","None","0.1-0.2 g x 2 oral"]
["Ceftaroline","0.6 g x 2 iv over 1 hour","0.6 g x 3 iv over 2 hours",null,"S. aureus  in complicated skin and skin structure infections: There is some PK-PD evidence to suggest that isolates with MICs of 4 mg/L could be treated with high dose."]
["Ceftazidime","1 g x 3 iv","2 g x 3 iv or 1 g x 6 iv"]
["Ceftazidime-avibactam","(2 g ceftazidime + 0.5 g avibactam) x 3 iv over 2 hours"]
["Ceftibuten","0.4 g x 1 oral","None"]
["Ceftobiprole","0.5 g x 3 iv over 2 hours","None"]
["Ceftolozane-tazobactam (intra-\nabdominal infections and UTI)","(1 g ceftolozane + 0.5 g tazobactam) x\n3 iv over 1 hour","None"]
["Ceftolozane-tazobactam (hospital\nacquired  pneumonia, including ventilator associated pneumonia)","(2 g ceftolozane + 1 g tazobactam) x 3 iv over 1 hour","None"]
["Ceftriaxone","2 g x 1 iv","2 g x 2 iv or 4 g x 1 iv",null,"Meningitis: 2 g x 2 iv or 4 g x 1 iv\nS. aureus:  High dose only\nUncomplicated gonorrhoea: 0.5-1 g im as a single dose"]
["Cefuroxime iv","0.75 g x 3 iv","1.5 g x 3 iv"]
["Cefuroxime oral","0.25 g x 2 oral","0.5 g x 2 oral","0.25 g x 2 oral"]
[]
["Carbapenems","Standard dosage","High dosage","Uncomplicated UTI","Special situations"]
["Doripenem","0.5 g x 3 iv over 1 hour","1 g x 3 iv over 1 hour",null,"HAP/VAP* due to non-fermenting Gram-negative pathogens (such as Pseudomonas  spp. and Acinetobacter  spp.) should be treated with 1 g x 3 iv over 4 hours."]
["Ertapenem","1 g x 1 iv over 30 minutes","None"]
["Imipenem","0.5 g x 4 iv over 30 minutes","1 g x 4 iv over 30 minutes"]
["Imipenem-relebactam","(0.5 g imipenem + 0.25 g relebactam) x 4 iv over 30 minutes","None"]
["Meropenem","1 g x 3 iv over 30 minutes","2 g x 3 iv over 3 hours",null,"Meningitis: 2 g x 3 iv over 30 minutes (or 3 hours)"]
["Meropenem-vaborbactam","(2 g meropenem + 2 g vaborbactam) x 3 iv over 3 hours"]
["* HAP/VAP = hospital-acquired pneumonia/ventilator-associated pneumonia"]
["Monobactams","Standard dosage","High dosage","Uncomplicated UTI","Special situations"]
["Aztreonam","1 g x 3 iv","2 g x 4 iv",null,"Severe P. aeruginosa  infections: 2 g x 4 with extended 3-hour infusion"]
[]
["Fluoroquinolones","Standard dosage","High dosage","Uncomplicated UTI","Special situations"]
["Ciprofloxacin","0.5 g x 2 oral or 0.4 g x 2 iv","0.75 g x 2 oral or 0.4 g x 3 iv",null,"Meningitis: 0.4 g x 3 iv"]
["Delafloxacin","0.45 g x 2 oral or 0.3 g x 2 iv","None"]
["Levofloxacin","0.5 g x 1 oral or 0.5 g x 1 iv","0.5 g x 2 oral or 0.5 g x 2 iv"]
["Moxifloxacin","0.4 g x 1 oral or 0.4 g x 1 iv","None",null,"Meningitis: 0.4 g x 1 iv"]
["Norfloxacin","None","None","0.4 g x 2 oral"]
["Ofloxacin","0.2 g x 2 oral or 0.2 g x 2 iv","0.4 g x 2 oral or 0.4 g x 2 iv"]
[]
["Aminoglycosides","Standard dosage","High dosage","Uncomplicated UTI","Special situations"]
["Amikacin","25-30 mg/kg x 1 iv","None"]
["Gentamicin","6-7 mg/kg x 1 iv","None"]
["Netilmicin","6-7 mg/kg x 1 iv","None"]
["Tobramycin","6-7 mg/kg x 1 iv","None"]
[]
["Glycopeptides and\nlipoglycopeptides","Standard dosage","High dosage","Uncomplicated UTI","Special situations"]
["Dalbavancin","1 g x 1 iv over 30 minutes on day 1  If needed, 0.5 g x 1 iv over 30 minutes\non day 8","None"]
["Oritavancin","1.2 g x 1 (single dose) iv\nover 3 hours","None"]
["Teicoplanin","0.4 g x 1 iv","Dosages vary by indication"]
["Telavancin","10 mg/kg x 1 iv over 1 hour","None"]
["Vancomycin","0.5 g x 4 iv or 1 g x 2 iv\nor 2 g x 1 by continuous infusion","None",null,"Based on body weight. Therapeutic drug monitoring should guide dosing."]
[]
["Macrolides, lincosamides and\nstreptogramins","Standard dosage","High dosage","Uncomplicated UTI","Special situations"]
["Azithromycin","0.5 g x 1 oral or 0.5 g x 1 iv","None",null,"Uncomplicated gonorrhoea: 2 g oral as a single dose"]
["Clarithromycin","0.25 g x 2 oral","Dosages vary by indication",null,"In some countries clarithromycin is available for intravenous administration at a dose of 0.5\ng x 2, principally for treating pneumonia."]
["Erythromycin","0.5 g x 2-4 oral or 0.5 g x 2-4 iv","Dosages vary by indication"]
["Roxithromycin","0.15 g x 2 oral","None"]
["Telithromycin","0.8 g x 1 oral","None"]
["Clindamycin","0.3 g x 2 oral or 0.6 g x 3 iv","Dosages vary by indication",null,"The high exposure dosing regimen pertains to the severity of the infection or drug\nexposure at the site of infection."]
["Quinupristin-dalfopristin","7.5 mg/kg x 2 iv","Dosages vary by indication"]
["Tetracyclines","Standard dosage","High dosage","Uncomplicated UTI","Special situations"]
["Doxycycline","0.1 g x 1 oral","Dosages vary by indication"]
["Eravacycline","1 mg/kg x 2 iv","None"]
["Minocycline","0.1 g x 2 oral","None"]
["Tetracycline","0.25 g x 4 oral","Dosages vary by indication"]
["Tigecycline","0.1 g loading dose\nfollowed by 50 mg x 2 iv","None"]
[]
["Oxazolidinones","Standard dosage","High dosage","Uncomplicated UTI","Special situations"]
["Linezolid","0.6 g x 2 oral or 0.6 g x 2 iv","None",null,"Meningitis: 0.6 g x 2 iv"]
["Tedizolid","0.2 g x 1 oral or 0.2 g x 1 iv","None"]
[]
["Miscellaneous agents","Standard dosage","High dosage","Uncomplicated UTI","Special situations"]
["Chloramphenicol","1 g x 4 oral or 1 g x 4 iv","2 g x 4 oral or 2 g x 4 iv",null,"Meningitis: 2 g x 4 iv"]
["Colistin","4.5 MU x 2 iv\nwith a loading dose of 9 MU","None"]
["Daptomycin (cSSTI** without concurrent\nS. aureus  bacteraemia)","4 mg/kg x 1 iv","None",".","."]
["Daptomycin (cSSTI** with concurrent S. aureus  bacteraemia; right-sided\ninfective endocarditis due to S. aureus )","6 mg/kg x 1 iv","None",null,"Enterococcal bloodstream infection and endocarditis, see https://www.eucast.org/eucastguidancedocuments."]
["Fidaxomicin","0.2 g x 2 oral","None"]
["Fosfomycin iv","16-18 g/day divided in 3-4 doses","Dosages vary by indication"]
["Fosfomycin oral","None","None","3 g x 1 oral as a single dose"]
["Fusidic acid","0.5 g x 2 oral or 0.5 g x 2 iv","Dosages vary by indication"]
["Lefamulin","0.15 g x 2 iv or 0.6 g x 2 oral","None"]
["Metronidazole","0.4 g x 3 oral or 0.4 g x 3 iv","Dosages vary by indication"]
["Nitrofurantoin","None","None","50-100 mg x 3-4 oral","Dosing is dependent on drug formulation."]
["Nitroxoline","None","None","0.25 g x 3 oral"]
["Rifampicin","0.6 g x 1 oral or 0.6 g x 1 iv","None"]
["Spectinomycin","2 g x 1 im","None"]
["Trimethoprim","None","None","0.16 g x 2 oral"]
["Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole","(0.16 g trimethoprim + 0.8 g sulfamethoxazole) x 2 oral\nor (0.16 g trimethoprim + 0.8 g\nsulfamethoxazole) x 2 iv","(0.24 g trimethoprim + 1.2 g sulfamethoxazole) x 2 oral\nor (0.24 g trimethoprim + 1.2 g\nsulfamethoxazole) x 2 iv","(0.16 g trimethoprim + 0.8 g sulfamethoxazole) x 2 oral","Meningitis: (5 mg/kg up to 0.48 g trimethoprim + 25 mg/kg up to 2.4 g sulfamethoxazole) x 3 iv"]
["** cSSTI = complicated skin and skin structure infection"]