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["European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing "]
["Breakpoint tables for interpretation of MICs and zone diameters "]
["Version 15.0, valid from 2025-01-01"]
[]
["This document should be cited as \"The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. Breakpoint tables for interpretation of MICs and zone diameters. Version 15.0, 2025. https://www.eucast.org.\""]
[]
["Content","Page","Additional information"]
["Changes",1]
["Notes",5]
["Guidance on reading EUCAST Breakpoint Tables",7]
["Dosages used to define breakpoints",8]
["Information on technical uncertainty",13]
["Enterobacterales",15]
["Pseudomonas spp.",22]
["Stenotrophomonas maltophilia",27,"Link to Guidance Document on Stenotrophomonas maltophilia"]
["Acinetobacter spp.",29]
["Staphylococcus spp.",33]
["Enterococcus spp.",40]
["Streptococcus groups A, B, C and G",45]
["Streptococcus pneumoniae",50]
["Viridans group streptococci",56]
["Haemophilus influenzae",62]
["Moraxella catarrhalis",68]
["Neisseria gonorrhoeae",72]
["Neisseria meningitidis",76]
["Anaerobic bacteria",80]
["Helicobacter pylori",84]
["Listeria monocytogenes",85]
["Pasteurella spp.",87]
["Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli",89]
["Corynebacterium spp. other than C. diphtheriae and C. ulcerans",90]
["Corynebacterium diphtheriae and C. ulcerans",92]
["Aerococcus sanguinicola and A. urinae",94]
["Kingella kingae",96]
["Aeromonas spp.",98]
["Achromobacter xylosoxidans",100]
["Vibrio spp.",102]
["Bacillus spp. (except Bacillus anthracis)",104]
["Bacillus anthracis",106]
["Brucella melitensis",108]
["Burkholderia pseudomallei",110]
["Burkholderia cepacia complex",112,"Link to Guidance Document on Burkholderia cepacia complex"]
["Legionella pneumophila",113,"Link to Guidance Document on Legionella pneumophila"]
["Mycobacterium tuberculosis",114]
["Topical agents",115,"Link to Guidance Document on Topical Agents"]
["PK-PD cut-off values",116]
["Expert Rules","-","Link to EUCAST Expert Rules and Expected Phenotypes"]
["Detection of Resistance Mechanisms","-","Link to EUCAST Guidelines on Detection of Resistance Mechanisms"]
["Antimicrobial susceptibility tests on groups of organisms or agents for which there are no EUCAST breakpoints","-","Link to Guidance Document on how to test and interpret results when there are no breakpoints"]
["Guidance on breakpoints in brackets","-","Link to Guidance Document on breakpoints in brackets"]
["Guidance on screening tests","-","Link to Guidance Document on screening tests"]
["Guidance on endocarditis breakpoints",null,"Link to Guidance Document on endocarditis breakpoints"]
["EUCAST Reading Guide for broth microdilution","-","Link to EUCAST Reading Guide for broth microdilution"]
["EUCAST Reading Guide for disk diffusion","-","Link to EUCAST Reading Guide for disk diffusion"]

{"sheet":"Changes","index":1,"n_rows":25,"n_cols":2,"rows_kept":25,"merged":[[0,0,0,1],[1,0,1,1],[2,0,2,1],[3,0,3,1]]}
["European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing "]
["Breakpoint tables for interpretation of MICs and zone diameters "]
["Version 15.0, valid from 2025-01-01"]
[]
["Version 15.0, 2025-01-01","Changes (cells containing a change, a deletion or an addition) from v.14.0 are marked yellow. \nChanged comments are underlined. Removed comments are shown in strikethrough font style."]
["General","• Cefepime-enmetazobactam and aztreonam-avibactam added. The new agents are not listed as new breakpoints in the changes list when added as dash, IE or Note.\n• Link to guidance documents added at the top of each table.\n• Unless otherwise stated, breakpoints are valid also for special situations such as endocarditis and meningitis for relevant species and agents. Breakpoints for endocarditis and meningitis are listed on separate lines only when they differ from the general breakpoints. For information on species and agents for endocarditis, see https://www.eucast.org/eucastguidancedocuments/.\n• Specific comments on endocarditis and meningitis in the flow charts for screening for beta-lactam resistance in S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae are only kept if the recommendations are not covered by the general recommendations."]
["Notes","New notes\n• Note 7\nRevised notes\n• Note 2\n• Note 9\n• Note 19"]
["Dosages","General\n• Information on EUCAST breakpoints and dosing for challenging infection sites and on special situations for antimicrobial treatment is added below the dosages table\nNew dosages\n• Cefepime-enmetazobactam\n• Aztreonam-avibactam\nRevised dosages\n• Benzylpenicillin \nNew comments\n• Cefazolin, cefepime and cefuroxime iv\nRevised comments\n• Benzylpenicillin\n• Cefaclor"]
["Enterobacterales","New breakpoints\n• Cefepime-enmetazobactam (MIC and zone diameter)\n• Aztreonam-avibactam (MIC and zone diameter)\nRevised breakpoints\n• Amoxicillin oral (other indications) [MIC]\n• Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid oral (other indications) [MIC and zone diameter]\n• Ceftriaxone (zone diameter)\nNew ATUs\n• Cefepime-enmetazobactam (zone diameter)\n• Aztreonam-avibactam (zone diameter)\nNew comments\n• Cephalosporins comment 3\n• Monobactams comment 2\n• Macrolides comment B\nRevised comments\n• Penicillins comment E\nRemoved comments\n• Aminoglycosides comment 2 (information moved to EUCAST expected resistant phenotypes)"]
["Pseudomonas spp.","New ATUs\n• Cefepime (zone diameter)\nNew comments\n• Cephalosporins comment 1/A"]
["Stenotrophomonas maltophilia","General\n• General information updated\n• Ceftazidime, cefepime, aztreonam, aztreonam-avibactam, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, minocycline and tigecycline added to the table\nRevised breakpoints\n• Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (MIC)\nNew comments\n• Fluoroquinolones comment 1 and A\n• Tetracyclines comment 1, 2 and A\nRevised comments\n• Cephalosporins comment 2/A"]
["Acinetobacter spp.","General\n• Information on species updated\nNew comments\n• Tetracyclines comment 1\nRevised comments\n• Cephalosporins comment 2/A"]
["Staphylococcus spp.","Revised breakpoints\n• Dalbavancin (MIC)\nNew comments\n• Cephalosporins comment 2 added to cefazolin, cefepime and cefuroxime iv\n• Cephalosporins comment 3\n• Carbapenems comment 2\nRemoved comments\n• Glycopeptides and lipoglycopeptides comment 4\n• Glycopeptides and lipoglycopeptides comment 5\n• Glycopeptides and lipoglycopeptides comment 6"]
["Enterococcus spp.","General\n• Referral to national guidelines for breakpoints in endocarditis removed\n• Information on species for which breakpoints are valid updated\n• Species information added for imipenem\n• Species information added for vancomycin\n• Information on species relating to pictures with reading examples for vancomycin updated\nRevised breakpoints\n• Several penicillin breakpoints (including new indications)\n• Imipenem-relebactam (changed from Note to dash)\n• Vancomycin, other enterococci (zone diameter)\n• Eravacycline (MIC and zone diameter)\n• Tigecycline (MIC and zone diameter)\nRevised/new comments\n• Penicillins comments 1/B, 2, 3/C, 4/D and 5\n• Fluoroquinolones comment 1/B\n• Glycopeptides and lipoglycopeptides comment A\n• Miscellaneous agents comment 4/C\nRemoved comments\n• Carbapenems comment 1/A\n• Glycopeptides and lipoglycopeptides previous comment 1/A"]
["Streptococcus groups A, B, C and G","Revised breakpoints\n• Benzylpenicillin (MIC and zone diameter)\n• Rifampicin (MIC)\nRevised comments\n• Penicillins comments 1/A"]
["Streptococcus pneumoniae","General\n• Indications updated for benzylpenicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin, cefotaxime and ceftriaxone (endocarditis added)\n• Flow chart updated with new recommendations on benzylpenicillin disk diffusion testing and recommendations relating to endocarditis\nNew breakpoints\n• Benzylpenicillin (indications other than endocarditis and meningitis) [zone diameter, see Note B]\nRevised breakpoints\n• Benzylpenicillin (indications other than endocarditis and meningitis) [MIC]\n• Oxacillin, cloxacillin, dicloxacillin, flucloxacillin (changed from NA or dash to IE)\nNew comments\n• Penicillins comment A\n• Cephalosporins comment 2/B\nRemoved comments\n• Penicillins previous comment 2"]
["Viridans group streptococci","General\n• Referral to national guidelines for breakpoints in endocarditis removed\n• Indications updated for benzylpenicillin, ampicillin and amoxicillin (endocarditis added)\nNew breakpoints\n• Benzylpenicillin (endocarditis) [MIC and zone diameter]\n• Ampicillin (endocarditis) [MIC and zone diameter]\n• Amoxicillin (endocarditis) [MIC]\nRevised breakpoints\n• Benzylpenicillin (indications other than endocarditis and meningitis) [MIC]\n• Oxacillin, cloxacillin, dicloxacillin, flucloxacillin (changed from NA or dash to IE)\nNew comments\n• Penicillins comment 2/B\n• Penicillins comment D\n• Oxazolidinones comment 1"]
["Haemophilus influenzae","General\n• Indications updated for ampicillin and amoxicillin (endocarditis added)\n• Indications removed for cefotaxime and ceftriaxone (breakpoints valid for all indications)\n• Flow chart updated with recommendations relating to meningitis (MIC determination recommended only for meropenem)\nRevised breakpoints\n• Ciprofloxacin (MIC and zone diameter) [breakpoints valid for all indications]\nNew comments\n• Cephalosporins comment 2/D\nRemoved comments\n• Cephalosporins previous comment D\n• Fluoroquinolones previous comment B"]
["Moraxella catarrhalis","New comments\n• Cephalosporins comment 1/A"]
["Neisseria meningitidis","Revised breakpoints\n• Aztreonam (changed from dash to IE)"]
["Anaerobic bacteria","General\n• Incubation time for agar dilution updated (typo in previous versions)\nRevised breakpoints\n• Fusobacterium necrophorum and benzylpenicillin (MIC)\nNew comments\n• Bacteroides spp. comment 3"]
["Kingella kingae","New breakpoints\n• Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (zone diameter)\nRevised comments\n• Penicillins comment 3"]
["Achromobacter xylosoxidans","Antimicrobial agent added\n• Cefiderocol\nNew comments\n• Cephalosporins comment 1\n• Cephalosporins comment 2/A"]
["Topical agents","General\n• Species-agent combinations without cut-off values are left blank\nRevised cut-off values\n• S. aureus and fusidic acid (zone)"]
["PK/PD cut-off values","• Information on the use, and limitations of, PK/PD cut-off values in breakpoint setting updated."]

{"sheet":"Notes","index":2,"n_rows":48,"n_cols":1,"rows_kept":48}
["European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing "]
["Breakpoint tables for interpretation of MICs and zone diameters "]
["Version 15.0, valid from 2025-01-01"]
[]
["Notes"]
["1. The EUCAST clinical breakpoint tables contain clinical MIC breakpoints (determined or revised during 2002-2024) and their inhibition zone diameter correlates. The EUCAST breakpoint tables version 15.0 includes corrected typographical errors, clarifications, breakpoints for new agents and/or organisms, revised MIC breakpoints and revised and new zone diameter breakpoints. Changes are best seen on screen or on a colour printout since cells containing a change are yellow. New or revised comments are underlined. Removed comments are shown in strikethrough font style."]
[]
["2. The use and limitations of PK/PD cut-off values in breakpoint setting are described separately in the tab \"PK/PD cut-off values\"."]
[]
["3. Numbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. Lettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[]
["4. Antimicrobial agent names in blue are linked to EUCAST rationale documents. MIC and zone diameter breakpoints in blue are linked to the search page of the EUCAST MIC and zone diameter distribution database."]
[]
["5. The document is released as an Excel file suitable for viewing on screen and as an Acrobat pdf file suitable for printing. To utilize all functions in the Excel file, use Microsoft original programs only. The Excel file enables users to alter the list of agents to suit the local range of agents tested. The content of single cells cannot be changed. Hide lines by right-clicking on the line number and choose \"hide\". Hide columns by right-clicking on the column letter and choose \"hide\"."]
[]
["6. EUCAST breakpoints are used to categorise results into three susceptibility categories:\nS - Susceptible, standard dosing regimen: A microorganism is categorised as Susceptible, standard dosing regimen, when there is a high likelihood of therapeutic success using a standard dosing regimen of the agent. \nI - Susceptible, increased exposure: A microorganism is categorised as Susceptible, increased exposure* when there is a high likelihood of therapeutic success because exposure to the agent is increased by adjusting the dosing regimen or by its concentration at the site of infection. \nR - Resistant: A microorganism is categorised as Resistant when there is a high likelihood of therapeutic failure even when there is increased exposure.\n*Exposure is a function of how the mode of administration, dose, dosing interval, infusion time, as well as distribution and excretion of the antimicrobial agent will influence the infecting organism at the site of infection."]
[]
["7. Unless otherwise stated, breakpoints are valid  for all indications. For information on species and agents for endocarditis, see https://www.eucast.org/eucastguidancedocuments/."]
[]
["8. Dash in breakpoint tables indicates that the agent is unsuitable for treatment of infections caused by the organism or group of organisms and that testing and clinical use should be avoided. If included, report resistant without prior testing."]
[]
["9. \"IE\" indicates that there is insufficient evidence that the organism or group is a good target for therapy with the agent. In these situations, follow the guidance in \"When there are no breakpoints\" (https://www.eucast.org/eucastguidancedocuments)."]
[]
["10. A screening test uses one agent to predict resistance or susceptibility to one or more antimicrobial agents in the same class. The screening test is often more sensitive and/or robust than testing individual agents. Using a screening test will often reduce the number of tests needed in primary susceptibility testing since it will predict susceptibility and/or resistance to several agents. Guidance on how to act on the screening test result is described in the Note related to each specific screening test. \nNegative screening test: MIC below or equal to or zone diameter above or equal to the susceptible breakpoint for the screening agent. No resistance mechanisms to the antimicrobial class detected.\nPositive screening test: MIC above or zone diameter below the resistant breakpoint for the screening agent. Resistance mechanisms to the antimicrobial class detected."]
[]
["11. For an agent and a species, the ECOFF (epidemiological cut-off) value is the highest MIC (or the smallest inhibition zone diameter) for organisms devoid of phenotypically detectable acquired resistance mechanisms. Breakpoints in brackets are based on ECOFF values for relevant species. They are used to distinguish between organisms with and without acquired resistance mechanisms. ECOFFs do not predict clinical susceptibility but in some situations and/or when the agent is combined with another active agent, therapy may be considered."]
[]
["12. Breakpoints in brackets distinguish between isolates without and with phenotypically detectable resistance mechanisms. They are based on ECOFFs but since they may serve more than one species, the value may represent a best fit. For these agents, clinical evidence as monotherapy is usually lacking but for a specific indication or in combination with another active agent or measure they may still be used. Isolates with resistance can be reported R (resistant). Reporting S or I should be avoided and if considered necessary, there should be a comment to explain the need for adjunctive measures as mentioned above."]
[]
["13. An MIC breakpoint of S ≤ 0.001 mg/L is an arbitrary, \"off scale\" breakpoint (corresponding to a zone diameter breakpoint of  \"S ≥ 50 mm\") which categorises wild-type organisms (organisms without phenotypically detectable resistance mechanisms to the agent) as \"Susceptible, increased exposure\" (I). For these organism-agent combinations, never report “Susceptible, standard dosing regimen” (S)."]
[]
["14. For some organism-agent combinations, results may be in an area where the interpretation is uncertain. EUCAST has designated this an Area of Technical Uncertainty (ATU). It corresponds to an MIC value and/or zone diameter interval where the categorisation is doubtful. See separate page for more information on ATU and how to deal with results in the ATU."]
[]
["15. In order to simplify the EUCAST tables, the \"Susceptible, increased exposure\" (I category) is not listed. It is interpreted as values between the S and the R breakpoints. For example, for MIC breakpoints listed as S ≤ 1 mg/L and R > 8 mg/L, the I category is 2-8 (technically >1-8) mg/L, and for zone diameter breakpoints listed as S ≥ 22 mm and R < 18 mm, the I category is 18-21 mm."]
[]
["16. For Escherichia coli with fosfomycin, Staphylococcus aureus with benzylpenicillin, enterococci with vancomycin, Haemophilus influenzae with beta-lactam agents, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Aeromonas spp., Achromobacter xylosoxidans and Burkholderia pseudomallei with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and for anaerobic bacteria in general, it is crucial to follow specific reading instructions for correct interpretation of the disk diffusion test. For these, pictures with reading examples are included at the end of the corresponding breakpoint table. For general and other specific reading instructions, please refer to the EUCAST Reading Guide."]
[]
["17.  With a few exceptions, EUCAST recommends the use of the broth microdilution reference method as described by the International Standards Organisation for MIC determination of non-fastidious organisms. For fastidious organisms, EUCAST recommends the use of the same methodology but with the use of MH-F broth (Mueller-Hinton broth with lysed horse blood and beta-NAD), see EUCAST media preparation file at www.eucast.org. There are a number of commercially available surrogate methods, for which it is the responsibility of the manufacturer to guarantee the accuracy of the system and the responsibility of the user to quality control the results."]
[]
["18. By international convention, MIC dilution series are based on twofold dilutions up and down from 1 mg/L. At dilutions below 0.25 mg/L, this leads to concentrations with multiple decimal places. To avoid having to use these in tables and documents, EUCAST has decided to use the following format (in bold): 0.125→0.125, 0.0625→0.06, 0.03125→0.03, 0.015625→0.016, 0.0078125→0.008, 0.00390625→0.004 and 0.001953125→0.002 mg/L."]
[]
["19. Definitions of \"uncomplicated UTI\" and “Infections originating from the urinary tract” used with EUCAST breakpoints:"]
["Uncomplicated UTI: Acute, sporadic or recurrent lower urinary tract infections (uncomplicated cystitis) in patients with no known relevant anatomical or functional abnormalities within the urinary tract or comorbidities."]
["Infections originating from the urinary tract: Infections originating from, but not confined to, the urinary tract, including acute pyelonephritis and bloodstream infections, except severe sepsis. For oral agents, the breakpoints mainly apply to non-severe infections and oral step-down therapy. "]
[]
["Abbeviations"]
["NA = Not Applicable"]
["IP = In Preparation"]

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["Guidance on reading EUCAST Breakpoint Tables",{"$nulls":7},"EUCAST Clinical Breakpoint Tables v. 15.0, valid from 2025-01-01"]
[]
["MIC determination (broth microdilution according to ISO standard 20776-1)\nMedium:\nInoculum: \nIncubation: \nReading: \nQuality control:",{"$nulls":7},"Disk diffusion (EUCAST standardised disk diffusion method)\nMedium:\nInoculum: \nIncubation: \nReading: \nQuality control:"]
{"$rows_empty":10}
["Antimicrobial agent","MIC breakpoint \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoint (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Antimicrobial agent A","11","11",null,"X","20A","20A",null,"1. Notes that are general comments and/or relating to MIC breakpoints.\n2. New comment\nRemoved comment\n\nA. Comment on disk diffusion"]
["Antimicrobial agent B","22","4",null,"Y",26,23]
["Antimicrobial agent C","0.001","8",null,"X",50,18]
["Antimicrobial agent D, S. aureus","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Antimicrobial agent E","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Antimicrobial agent F","IP","IP",null,null,"IP","IP"]
["Antimicrobial agent G (screen only)","NA","NA",null,"Y",25,25]
["Antimicrobial agent H","0.5","2",null,"Z",30,24]
["Antimicrobial agent I","(8)1","(8)1",null,"30","(18)A","(18)A"]

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["Dosages used to define breakpoints",null,"EUCAST Clinical Breakpoint Tables v. 15.0, valid from 2025-01-01"]
[]
["EUCAST breakpoints are based on the following dosages. Alternative dosing regimens may result in equivalent exposure. The table should not be used as a guidance for dosing in clinical practice as dosages can vary widely by indication. It does not replace specific national, regional or local dosing guidelines. However, if national practices significantly differ from those listed below, EUCAST breakpoints may not be valid. Situations where less antibiotic is given as standard or high dose should be discussed locally or regionally. Information on EUCAST breakpoints and dosing for challenging infection sites and on special situations for antimicrobial treatment is available below the dosages table."]
[]
["Uncomplicated UTI: acute, sporadic or recurrent lower urinary tract infections (uncomplicated cystitis) in patients with no known relevant anatomical or functional abnormalities within the urinary tract or comorbidities. "]
[]
["Penicillins","Standard dosage","High dosage","Uncomplicated UTI","Special situations"]
["Benzylpenicillin","0.6 g (1 MU) x 4 iv","1.2 g (2 MU) x 6 iv",null,"Meningitis: 2.4 g (4 MU) x 6 iv\nMeningitis caused by S. pneumoniae:\nFor a dose of  2.4 g (4 MU) x 6 iv, isolates with MIC ≤0.06 mg/L are susceptible\n\nPneumonia caused by S. pneumoniae: breakpoints are related to dosage: \nFor a dose of 1.2 g (2 MU) x 4 iv, isolates with MIC ≤ 0.5 mg/L are susceptible.\nFor a dose of 2.4 (4 MU) g x 4 iv or 1.2 g (2 MU) x 6 iv, isolates with MIC ≤1 mg/L are susceptible.\nFor a dose of 2.4 g (4 MU) x 6 iv, isolates with MIC ≤2 mg/L are susceptible."]
["Ampicillin iv","2 g x 3 iv ","2 g x 4 iv \n",null,"Meningitis: 2 g x 6 iv"]
["Ampicillin-sulbactam iv","(2 g ampicillin + 1 g sulbactam) x 3 iv","(2 g ampicillin + 1 g sulbactam) x 4 iv"]
["Ampicillin-sulbactam oral","None","None","0.75 g x 2 oral"]
["Amoxicillin iv","1 g x 3-4 iv\n","2 g x 6 iv",null,"Meningitis: 2 g x 6 iv"]
["Amoxicillin oral","0.5 g x 3 oral","0.75-1 g x 3 oral","0.5 g x 3 oral"]
["Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid iv","(1 g amoxicillin + 0.2 g clavulanic acid) x 3-4 iv","(2 g amoxicillin + 0.2 g clavulanic acid) x 3 iv"]
["Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid oral","(0.5 g amoxicillin + 0.125 g \nclavulanic acid) x 3 oral","(0.875 g amoxicillin + 0.125 g clavulanic acid) x 3 oral","(0.5 g amoxicillin + 0.125 g \nclavulanic acid) x 3 oral","Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid has separate breakpoints for systemic infections and uncomplicated UTI. When amoxicillin-clavulanic acid is reported for uncomplicated UTI, the report must make clear that the susceptibility category is only valid for uncomplicated UTI.  "]
["Piperacillin","4 g x 4 iv","4 g x 4 iv \nby extended 3-hour infusion",null,"High dosage for more serious infections."]
["Piperacillin-tazobactam","(4 g piperacillin + 0.5 g tazobactam) \nx 4 iv 30-minute infusion or \nx 3 iv by extended 4-hour infusion","(4 g piperacillin + 0.5 g tazobactam) \nx 4 iv by extended 3-hour infusion",null,"A lower dosage of (4 g piperacillin + 0.5 g tazobactam) x 3 iv, 30-minute infusion, is adequate for some infections such as complicated UTI, intraabdominal infections and diabetic foot infections, but not for infections caused by isolates resistant to third-generation cephalosporins."]
["Ticarcillin-clavulanic acid","(3 g ticarcillin + 0.1-0.2 g clavulanic acid) x 4 iv","(3 g ticarcillin + 0.1 g clavulanic acid) x 6 iv"]
["Temocillin","2 g x 2 iv","2 g x 3 iv",null,"The 2 g x 2 iv dose has been used in the treatment of uncomplicated UTI caused by bacteria with beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. "]
["Phenoxymethylpenicillin","0.5-2 g x 3-4 oral\ndepending on species and/or infection type","None"]
["Oxacillin","1 g x 4 iv ","Dosages vary by indication"]
["Cloxacillin","0.5 g x 4 oral or 1 g x 4 iv ","Dosages vary by indication",null,"Meningitis: 2 g x 6 iv"]
["Dicloxacillin","0.5-1 g x 4 oral or 1 g x 4 iv ","Dosages vary by indication"]
["Flucloxacillin","1 g x 3 oral or 2 g x 4 iv \n(or 1 g x 6 iv)","Dosages vary by indication",null,"Meningitis: 2 g x 6 iv"]
["Mecillinam oral (pivmecillinam)","None","None","0.2-0.4 g x 3 oral"]
[]
[]
["Cephalosporins","Standard dosage","High dosage","Uncomplicated UTI","Special situations"]
["Cefaclor","0.25-0.5 g x 3 oral\ndepending on species and/or infection type","1 g x 3​ oral",null,"S. aureus: Minimum dose 0.5 g x 3 oral"]
["Cefadroxil","0.5-1 g x 2 oral ","None","0.5-1 g x 2 oral "]
["Cefalexin"," 0.25-1 g x 2-3 oral","None"," 0.25-1 g x 2-3 oral"]
["Cefazolin","1 g x 3 iv","2 g x 3 iv",null,"S. aureus: High dose only"]
["Cefepime","1 g x 3 iv or 2 g x 2 iv","2 g x 3 iv",null,"Severe P. aeruginosa infections: 2 g x 3 with extended 4-hour infusion \nS. aureus: High dose only"]
["Cefepime-enmetazobactam (UTI)","(2 g cefepime + 0.5 g enmetazobactam) x 3 iv over 2 hours"]
["Cefepime-enmetazobactam (hospital-acquired pneumonia, including ventilator-associated pneumonia)","(2 g cefepime + 0.5 g enmetazobactam) x 3 iv over 4 hours"]
["Cefiderocol","2 g x 3 iv over 3 hours","None"]
["Cefixime","0.2-0.4 g x 2 oral","None","0.2-0.4 g x 2 oral","Uncomplicated gonorrhoea: 0.4 g oral as a single dose"]
["Cefotaxime","1 g x 3 iv","2 g x 3 iv",null,"Meningitis: 2 g x 4 iv\nS. aureus: High dose only"]
["Cefpodoxime","0.1-0.2 g x 2 oral ","None","0.1-0.2 g x 2 oral "]
["Ceftaroline","0.6 g x 2 iv over 1 hour","0.6 g x 3 iv over 2 hours",null,"S. aureus in complicated skin and skin structure infections: There is some PK-PD evidence to suggest that isolates with MICs of 4 mg/L could be treated with high dose."]
["Ceftazidime","1 g x 3 iv","2 g x 3 iv or 1 g x 6 iv"]
["Ceftazidime-avibactam","(2 g ceftazidime + 0.5 g avibactam) x 3 iv over 2 hours"]
["Ceftibuten","0.4 g x 1 oral","None"]
["Ceftobiprole","0.5 g x 3 iv over 2 hours","None"]
["Ceftolozane-tazobactam (intra-abdominal infections and UTI)","(1 g ceftolozane + 0.5 g tazobactam) x 3 iv over 1 hour","None"]
["Ceftolozane-tazobactam (hospital-acquired pneumonia, including ventilator-associated pneumonia)","(2 g ceftolozane + 1 g tazobactam) \nx 3 iv over 1 hour","None"]
["Ceftriaxone","2 g x 1 iv","2 g x 2 iv or 4 g x 1 iv",null,"Meningitis: 2 g x 2 iv or 4 g x 1 iv\nS. aureus: High dose only\nUncomplicated gonorrhoea: 0.5-1 g im as a single dose"]
["Cefuroxime iv","0.75 g x 3 iv","1.5 g x 3 iv",null,"S. aureus: High dose only"]
["Cefuroxime oral","0.25 g x 2 oral ","0.5 g x 2 oral ","0.25 g x 2 oral "]
[]
[]
["Carbapenems","Standard dosage","High dosage","Uncomplicated UTI","Special situations"]
["Doripenem","0.5 g x 3 iv over 1 hour","1 g x 3 iv over 1 hour",null,"HAP/VAP* due to non-fermenting Gram-negative pathogens (such as Pseudomonas spp. and Acinetobacter spp.) should be treated with 1 g x 3 iv over 4 hours."]
["Ertapenem","1 g x 1 iv over 30 minutes","None"]
["Imipenem","0.5 g x 4 iv over 30 minutes","1 g x 4 iv over 30 minutes"]
["Imipenem-relebactam","(0.5 g imipenem + 0.25 g relebactam) \nx 4 iv over 30 minutes","None"]
["Meropenem","1 g x 3 iv over 30 minutes","2 g x 3 iv over 3 hours",null,"Meningitis: 2 g x 3 iv over 30 minutes (or 3 hours)"]
["Meropenem-vaborbactam","(2 g meropenem + 2 g vaborbactam) x 3 iv over 3 hours"]
["* HAP/VAP = hospital-acquired pneumonia/ventilator-associated pneumonia"]
[]
[]
["Monobactams","Standard dosage","High dosage","Uncomplicated UTI","Special situations"]
["Aztreonam","1 g x 3 iv","2 g x 4 iv",null,"Severe P. aeruginosa infections: 2 g x 4 with extended 3-hour infusion "]
["Aztreonam-avibactam","(2 g aztreonam + 0.67 g avibactam) x 1 \nfollowed by (1.5 g aztreonam + 0.5 g avibactam) x 4 iv over 3 hours"]
[]
[]
["Fluoroquinolones","Standard dosage","High dosage","Uncomplicated UTI","Special situations"]
["Ciprofloxacin","0.5 g x 2 oral or 0.4 g x 2 iv","0.75 g x 2 oral or 0.4 g x 3 iv",null,"Meningitis: 0.4 g x 3 iv"]
["Delafloxacin","0.45 g x 2 oral or 0.3 g x 2 iv","None"]
["Levofloxacin","0.5 g x 1 oral or 0.5 g x 1 iv","0.5 g x 2 oral or 0.5 g x 2 iv"]
["Moxifloxacin","0.4 g x 1 oral or 0.4 g x 1 iv","None",null,"Meningitis: 0.4 g x 1 iv"]
["Norfloxacin","None","None","0.4 g x 2 oral"]
["Ofloxacin","0.2 g x 2 oral or 0.2 g x 2 iv","0.4 g x 2 oral or 0.4 g x 2 iv"]
[]
[]
["Aminoglycosides","Standard dosage","High dosage","Uncomplicated UTI","Special situations"]
["Amikacin","25-30 mg/kg x 1 iv","None"]
["Gentamicin","6-7 mg/kg x 1 iv","None"]
["Netilmicin","6-7 mg/kg x 1 iv","None"]
["Tobramycin","6-7 mg/kg x 1 iv","None"]
[]
[]
["Glycopeptides and lipoglycopeptides","Standard dosage","High dosage","Uncomplicated UTI","Special situations"]
["Dalbavancin","1 g x 1 iv over 30 minutes on day 1\nIf needed, 0.5 g x 1 iv over 30 minutes on day 8","None"]
["Oritavancin","1.2 g x 1 (single dose) iv \nover 3 hours","None"]
["Teicoplanin","0.4 g x 1 iv","Dosages vary by indication"]
["Telavancin","10 mg/kg x 1 iv over 1 hour","None"]
["Vancomycin","0.5 g x 4 iv or 1 g x 2 iv \nor 2 g x 1 by continuous infusion","None",null,"Based on body weight. Therapeutic drug monitoring should guide dosing."]
[]
[]
["Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins","Standard dosage","High dosage","Uncomplicated UTI","Special situations"]
["Azithromycin","0.5 g x 1 oral or 0.5 g x 1 iv","None",null,"Uncomplicated gonorrhoea: 2 g oral as a single dose"]
["Clarithromycin","0.25 g x 2 oral","Dosages vary by indication",null,"In some countries clarithromycin is available for intravenous administration at a dose of 0.5 g x 2, principally for treating pneumonia."]
["Erythromycin","0.5 g x 2-4 oral or 0.5 g x 2-4 iv","Dosages vary by indication"]
["Roxithromycin","0.15 g x 2 oral","None"]
["Clindamycin","0.3 g x 2 oral or 0.6 g x 3 iv","Dosages vary by indication",null,"The high exposure dosing regimen pertains to the severity of the infection or drug exposure at the site of infection."]
["Quinupristin-dalfopristin","7.5 mg/kg x 2 iv","Dosages vary by indication"]
[]
[]
["Tetracyclines","Standard dosage","High dosage","Uncomplicated UTI","Special situations"]
["Doxycycline","0.1 g x 1 oral","Dosages vary by indication"]
["Eravacycline","1 mg/kg x 2 iv","None"]
["Minocycline","0.1 g x 2 oral","None"]
["Tetracycline","0.25 g x 4 oral","Dosages vary by indication"]
["Tigecycline","0.1 g loading dose \nfollowed by 50 mg x 2 iv","None"]
[]
[]
["Oxazolidinones","Standard dosage","High dosage","Uncomplicated UTI","Special situations"]
["Linezolid","0.6 g x 2 oral or 0.6 g x 2 iv","None",null,"Meningitis: 0.6 g x 2 iv"]
["Tedizolid","0.2 g x 1 oral or 0.2 g x 1 iv","None"]
[]
[]
["Miscellaneous agents","Standard dosage","High dosage","Uncomplicated UTI","Special situations"]
["Chloramphenicol","1 g x 4 oral or 1 g x 4 iv","2 g x 4 oral or 2 g x 4 iv",null,"Meningitis: 2 g x 4 iv"]
["Colistin","4.5 MU x 2 iv \nwith a loading dose of 9 MU","None"]
["Daptomycin (cSSTI** without concurrent S. aureus bacteraemia)","4 mg/kg x 1 iv","None",".","."]
["Daptomycin (cSSTI** with concurrent S. aureus bacteraemia; right-sided infective endocarditis due to S. aureus)","6 mg/kg x 1 iv","None",null,"Enterococcal bloodstream infection and endocarditis, see https://www.eucast.org/eucastguidancedocuments."]
["Fidaxomicin","0.2 g x 2 oral","None"]
["Fosfomycin iv","16-18 g/day divided in 3-4 doses","Dosages vary by indication"]
["Fosfomycin oral","None","None","3 g x 1 oral as a single dose"]
["Fusidic acid","0.5 g x 2 oral or 0.5 g x 2 iv","Dosages vary by indication"]
["Lefamulin","0.15 g x 2 iv or 0.6 g x 2 oral","None"]
["Metronidazole","0.4 g x 3 oral or 0.4 g x 3 iv","Dosages vary by indication"]
["Nitrofurantoin","None","None","50-100 mg x 3-4 oral","Dosing is dependent on drug formulation."]
["Nitroxoline","None","None","0.25 g x 3 oral"]
["Rifampicin","0.6 g x 1 oral or 0.6 g x 1 iv","None"]
["Spectinomycin","2 g x 1 im","None"]
["Trimethoprim","None","None","0.16 g x 2 oral"]
["Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole","(0.16 g trimethoprim + 0.8 g sulfamethoxazole) x 2 oral \nor (0.16 g trimethoprim + 0.8 g sulfamethoxazole) x 2 iv","(0.24 g trimethoprim + 1.2 g sulfamethoxazole) x 2 oral\nor (0.24 g trimethoprim + 1.2 g sulfamethoxazole) x 2 iv","(0.16 g trimethoprim + 0.8 g sulfamethoxazole) x 2 oral","Meningitis: (5 mg/kg up to 0.48 g trimethoprim + 25 mg/kg up to 2.4 g sulfamethoxazole) x 3 iv"]
["** cSSTI = complicated skin and skin structure infection"]
[]
["Information on EUCAST breakpoints and dosing for challenging infection sites and on special situations for antimicrobial treatment \n\nEUCAST breakpoints are based on standard and, if applicable, high exposure to antimicrobial agents. The dosing regimens are either those listed in the Summary of Product Characteristics approved by EMA (European Medicines Agency) or, especially with older agents, doses that are commonly administered in European countries. For some more common infections or when the usual severity of the infection requires special attention, EUCAST has produced additional dosing guidance (e.g. urinary tract infections) and/or breakpoints (e.g. meningitis).\n\nThere are other sites and infections where the antibiotic exposure of the organism may be impaired and where therapy may require higher dosing or a change in the mode of administration to ensure the desired exposure. Such situations include, but are not limited to, endocarditis, bone and joint infections, and abscesses in the central nervous system.\n\nSince EUCAST is a breakpoint committee it will not give dosing or other treatment recommendations for such conditions, but will list specific breakpoints for challenging infections when applicable. Refer to textbooks or national/international treatment guidelines for more information on dosing regimens in challenging infections.  \n\nIn addition to these clinical situations, rare resistance mechanisms may require tailored or unusual therapeutic approaches and often these therapies are still discussed in the community. Examples include borderline resistant S. aureus (BORSA), vancomycin-variable enterococci and A. baumannii producing KPC. For such isolates, EUCAST currently does not give specific recommendations, neither for testing nor for selection of the appropriate antimicrobial agent. "]

{"sheet":"Technical uncertainty","index":5,"n_rows":28,"n_cols":1,"rows_kept":28}
["European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing "]
["Breakpoint tables for interpretation of MICs and zone diameters "]
["Version 15.0, valid from 2025-01-01"]
[]
["How to handle technical uncertainty in antimicrobial susceptibility testing"]
[]
["All measurements are affected by random variation and some by systematic variation. Systematic variation can normally be avoided and random variation should be reduced as much as possible. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST), irrespective of method, is no exception."]
[]
["EUCAST strives to minimise variation by providing standardised methods for MIC determination and disk diffusion and by avoiding setting breakpoints which seriously affect the reproducibility of AST. Variation in AST can be further reduced by setting more stringent standards for manufacturers of AST material (broth, agar, antimicrobial disks) and criteria for quality control of manufacturing processes and laboratory practices."]
[]
["It is tempting to think that generating an MIC value will solve all problems. However, MIC measurements also have variation and a single value is not automatically accurate. Even when using the reference method, MICs might vary between days and technicians. Under the best of circumstances, an MIC of 1.0  mg/L should be considered as a value between 0.5 and 2.0 mg/L, although the probability of getting any one of these three values is not equal and will vary among strains and antimicrobial agents. Not infrequently, EUCAST discovers problems with commercial testing systems including quality of disks and media for disk diffusion, commercial panels for broth microdilution tests, gradient tests and semi-automated AST devices. Some of these affect accuracy (poorly calibrated concentration series) and others precision (poor general quality, batch-to-batch variation).  "]
[]
["Although AST is straightforward for most agents and species, there are problematic situations even when testing is performed to a high standard. It is important to warn laboratories about these and the uncertainty of susceptibility categorisation. Analysis of EUCAST data (readily available at https://www.eucast.org/ast_of_bacteria/calibration_and_validation/) that have been generated over the years has identified such situations, named by EUCAST “Area of Technical Uncertainty (ATU)”. The ATUs are warnings to laboratory staff that there is an uncertainty that needs to be addressed before reporting AST results to clinical colleagues. The ATU is not a susceptibility category and does not prevent the laboratory from interpreting the susceptibility test result. "]
[]
["Below are alternatives for how the ATUs can be dealt with by the laboratory. Which of these actions are chosen will depend on the situation. The type of sample (blood culture vs. urine culture), the number of alternative agents available, the severity of the disease, whether or not a consultation with clinical colleagues is feasible, will influence the action taken.  "]
["• Repeat the test"]
["To ONLY repeat the test is relevant if there is reason to suspect a technical problem in the primary AST. To repeat the test while confirming the result with another test is good laboratory practice. If an MIC test is performed, the chances are that this result may also end up in the ATU. If so, a primary test and an alternative test may both point to a result and an interpretation in the ATU. In this case, interpret the result according to the breakpoints and report."]
["• Use an alternative test (perform an MIC or a genotypic test)"]
["This may be relevant if the susceptibility report otherwise leaves only few therapeutic alternatives. If the organism is multi-resistant, perform an MIC determination for several antibiotics, possibly extending the AST to include new beta-lactam inhibitor combinations, cefiderocol and colistin for Gram-negative bacteria. Sometimes it may be necessary to perform genotypic or phenotypic characterisation of the resistance mechanism to obtain more information, some of which may be of importance for epidemiological decisions. When performing an MIC, this result may end up in the ATU. In this case, interpret the result according to the breakpoints and report.  "]
["• Downgrade the susceptibility category"]
["If there are other therapeutic alternatives in the AST report, it is permissible to downgrade the result (from S to I, or from I to R or from S to R). However, a comment should be included and the isolate saved for further testing. "]
["• Include the uncertainty as part of the report"]
["It is common practice in many other laboratory settings to include information on the uncertainty of the reported result. This can be dealt with in several alternative ways:\n• Report results in the ATU as \"uncertain\". This can be achieved by leaving the interpretation \"blank + a comment\".  \n• Develop the LIS system to deliver an asterix or Note (instead of an S, I or R) which refers to a comment explaining the uncertainty.\n• Categorise the result according to the breakpoints but include information about the technical difficulties and/or the uncertainty of the interpretation. In many instances, an “R” is less ambiguous than other alternatives, especially when there are alternative agents. Do not report \"S\" unless you have confirmed the result.\n"]
["For serious situations, take the opportunity to contact the clinical colleague to explain and discuss the results."]
["• Omit an uncertain result"]
["When there are several therapeutic options, or when an ambiguous interpretation cannot be readily resolved in a timely manner, an ATU result is best left either unreported or downgraded (see above)."]
[]
["The Area of Technical Uncertainty is typically listed as a defined MIC value or in disk diffusion a range of zone diameters. ATUs are only listed when obviously needed. The absence of an ATU (MIC and/or zone diameter) means that there is no immediate need for a warning. The ATUs introduced in 2019 (v. 9.0) will be evaluated and ATUs may be added as more information develops. \nLink to the guidance material available on the EUCAST website."]

{"sheet":"Enterobacterales","index":6,"n_rows":172,"n_cols":9,"rows_kept":172,"merged":[[1,0,1,1],[1,3,1,6],[3,0,3,5],[5,0,5,8],[7,0,8,0],[7,1,7,3],[7,4,8,4],[7,5,7,7],[7,8,8,8],[9,8,31,8],[34,0,35,0],[34,1,34,3],[34,4,35,4],[34,5,34,7],[34,8,35,8],[36,8,57,8],[60,0,61,0],[60,1,60,3],[60,4,61,4],[60,5,60,7],[60,8,61,8],[62,8,69,8],[72,0,73,0],[72,1,72,3],[72,4,73,4],[72,5,72,7],[72,8,73,8],[74,8,75,8],[78,0,79,0],[78,1,78,3],[78,4,79,4],[78,5,78,7],[78,8,79,8],[80,8,89,8],[92,0,93,0],[92,1,92,3],[92,4,93,4],[92,5,92,7],[92,8,93,8],[94,8,100,8],[103,0,104,0],[103,1,103,3],[103,4,104,4],[103,5,103,7],[103,8,104,8],[105,8,109,8],[112,0,113,0],[112,1,112,3],[112,4,113,4],[112,5,112,7],[112,8,113,8],[114,8,119,8],[122,0,123,0],[122,1,122,3],[122,4,123,4],[122,5,122,7],[122,8,123,8],[124,8,128,8],[131,0,132,0],[131,1,131,3],[131,4,132,4],[131,5,131,7],[131,8,132,8],[133,8,134,8],[137,0,138,0],[137,1,137,3],[137,4,138,4],[137,5,137,7],[137,8,138,8],[139,8,154,8]]}
["Enterobacterales*",{"$nulls":7},"EUCAST Clinical Breakpoint Tables v. 15.0, valid from 2025-01-01"]
["Expert Rules and Expected Phenotypes",null,null,"Guidance documents",{"$nulls":4},"For abbreviations and explanations of breakpoints, see the Notes sheet"]
[]
["MIC determination (broth microdilution according to ISO standard 20776-1 except for mecillinam and fosfomycin where agar dilution is used)\nMedium: Cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth (for cefiderocol, see https://www.eucast.org/eucastguidancedocuments/)\nInoculum: 5x105 CFU/mL\nIncubation: Sealed panels, air, 35±1ºC, 18±2h\nReading: Unless otherwise stated, read MICs at the lowest concentration of the agent that completely inhibits visible growth. See ”EUCAST Reading Guide for broth microdilution” for further information.\nQuality control: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. For agents not covered by this strain and for control of the inhibitor component of beta-lactam inhibitor combinations, see EUCAST QC Tables.",{"$nulls":7},"Disk diffusion (EUCAST standardised disk diffusion method)\nMedium: Mueller-Hinton agar\nInoculum: McFarland 0.5\nIncubation: Air, 35±1ºC, 18±2h\nReading: Unless otherwise stated, read zone edges as the point showing no growth viewed from the back of the plate against a dark background illuminated with reflected light. See ”EUCAST Reading Guide for disk diffusion” for further information.\nQuality control: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. For agents not covered by this strain and for control of the inhibitor component of beta-lactam inhibitor-combination disks, see EUCAST QC Tables."]
[]
["* Recent taxonomic studies have narrowed the definition of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Some previous members of this family are now included in other families within the order Enterobacterales. Breakpoints in this table apply to all members of the Enterobacterales."]
[]
["Penicillins","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Benzylpenicillin","-","-",null,null,"-","-",null,"1. For information on how to implement the new aminopenicillin breakpoints, see https://www.eucast.org/eucastguidancedocuments/.\n2. For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of sulbactam is fixed at 4 mg/L.\n3/D. For information on how to use breakpoints in brackets, see https://www.eucast.org/eucastguidancedocuments/.\n4. For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of clavulanic acid is fixed at 2 mg/L. \n5. For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of tazobactam is fixed at 4 mg/L.\n6. Agar dilution is the reference method for mecillinam MIC determination.\n\nA. Ignore growth that may appear as a thin inner zone on some batches of Mueller-Hinton agars.\nB. Susceptibility inferred from ampicillin (iv or oral).\nC. Isolates susceptible to ampicillin (iv or oral) can be reported \"susceptible, increased exposure” (I) to \"amoxicillin oral (infections originating from the urinary tract)\". Isolates resistant to ampicillin (iv or oral) can be reported resistant to \"amoxicillin oral (infections originating from the urinary tract)\".\nE. Isolates susceptible to ampicillin are without phenotypically detectable resistance mechanisms and \"amoxicillin oral (other indications)\" can be used in high exposure in combination therapy (see Note 3/D). Isolates resistant to ampicillin can be reported resistant.\nF. Ignore isolated colonies within the inhibition zone."]
["Ampicillin iv1","8","8",null,"10","14A","14A"]
["Ampicillin oral (uncomplicated UTI only)1",8,8,null,10,"14A","14A"]
["Ampicillin-sulbactam iv1","82","82",null,"10-10","14A","14A"]
["Ampicillin-sulbactam oral (uncomplicated UTI only)1","82","82",null,"10-10","14A","14A"]
["Amoxicillin iv1","8","8",null,"-","NoteB","NoteB"]
["Amoxicillin oral (infections originating from the urinary tract)1","0.001","8",null,"-","NoteC","NoteC"]
["Amoxicillin oral (uncomplicated UTI only)1","8","8",null,"-","NoteB","NoteB"]
["Amoxicillin oral (other indications)1","(0.001)3","(8)3",null,"-","NoteD,E","NoteD,E"]
["Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid iv1","84","84",null,"20-10","19A","19A","19-20"]
["Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid oral (infections originating from the urinary tract)1","0.0014","84",null,"20-10","50A","19A","19-20"]
["Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid oral (uncomplicated UTI only)1","324","324",null,"20-10","16A","16A"]
["Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid oral (other indications)1","(0.001)3,4","(8)3,4",null,"20-10","(50)A,D","(19)A,D","19-20"]
["Piperacillin","8","8",null,"30",20,20]
["Piperacillin-tazobactam","85","85",16,"30-6",20,20,19]
["Ticarcillin-clavulanic acid","84","164",null,"75-10",23,20]
["Temocillin (infections originating from the urinary tract), E. coli, Klebsiella spp. (except K. aerogenes) and P. mirabilis","0.001",16,null,30,"50F","17F"]
["Phenoxymethylpenicillin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Oxacillin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Cloxacillin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Dicloxacillin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Flucloxacillin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Mecillinam oral (pivmecillinam) (uncomplicated UTI only), E. coli, Citrobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., Raoultella spp., Enterobacter spp. and P. mirabilis ","86","86",null,"10","15F","15F"]
[]
[]
["Cephalosporins1","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Cefaclor (uncomplicated UTI only)","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE",null,"1. The cephalosporin breakpoints for Enterobacterales will detect all clinically important resistance mechanisms (including ESBL and plasmid mediated AmpC). Some isolates that produce beta-lactamases are susceptible to 3rd or 4th generation cephalosporins with these breakpoints and should be reported as tested, i.e. the presence or absence of an ESBL does not in itself influence the categorisation of susceptibility. ESBL detection and characterisation are recommended for public health and infection control purposes.\n2/A. Isolates susceptible to cefadroxil and/or cefalexin can be reported \"susceptible, increased exposure” (I) to cefazolin.\n3. For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of enmetazobactam is fixed at 8 mg/L.\n4. Broth microdilution MIC determination must be performed in iron-depleted Mueller-Hinton broth and specific reading instructions must be followed. For testing conditions and reading instructions, see https://www.eucast.org/eucastguidancedocuments/.\n5. The cefoxitin cut-off value (8 mg/L) has a high sensitivity but poor specificity for identification of AmpC-producing Enterobacterales as this agent is also affected by permeability alterations and some carbapenemases. Classical non-AmpC producers are wild type, whereas plasmid AmpC producers or chromosomal AmpC hyperproducers are non-wild type.\n6. For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of avibactam is fixed at 4 mg/L.\n7. See table of dosages for dosing for different indications.\n8. For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of tazobactam is fixed at 4 mg/L. \n\n\n\n\n"]
["Cefadroxil (uncomplicated UTI only)","16","16",null,"30",12,12]
["Cefalexin (uncomplicated UTI only)","16","16",null,"30","14","14"]
["Cefazolin (infections originating from the urinary tract), E. coli and Klebsiella spp. (except K. aerogenes)","0.0012","42",null,30,"50A","20A"]
["Cefepime","1","4",null,"30",27,24]
["Cefepime-enmetazobactam","43","43",null,"30-20",22,22,"21-22"]
["Cefiderocol","24","24",null,30,23,23,"21-23"]
["Cefixime (uncomplicated UTI only)","1","1",null,"5",17,17]
["Cefotaxime (indications other than meningitis)","1","2",null,"5",20,17]
["Cefotaxime (meningitis)",1,1,null,5,20,20]
["Cefoxitin (screen only)5","Note5","Note5",null,"30","19","19"]
["Cefpodoxime \n(uncomplicated UTI only)","1","1",null,"10",21,21]
["Ceftaroline","0.5","0.5",null,5,23,23,"22-23"]
["Ceftazidime","1","4",null,"10",22,19]
["Ceftazidime-avibactam","86","86",null,"10-4",13,13]
["Ceftibuten (infections originating from the urinary tract)","1","1",null,"30",23,23]
["Ceftobiprole","0.25","0.25",null,5,23,23]
["Ceftolozane-tazobactam7","28","28",null,"30-10",22,22,"19-21"]
["Ceftriaxone (indications other than meningitis)","1","2",null,"30",27,24]
["Ceftriaxone (meningitis)",1,1,null,30,27,27]
["Cefuroxime iv, E. coli, Klebsiella spp. (except K. aerogenes), Raoultella spp. and P. mirabilis","0.001","8",null,"30",50,19]
["Cefuroxime oral (uncomplicated UTI only), E. coli, Klebsiella spp. (except K. aerogenes), Raoultella spp. and P. mirabilis","8","8",null,"30",19,19]
[]
[]
["Carbapenems1","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Doripenem","1",2,null,"10",24,21,null,"1. Some isolates that produce carbapenemase are categorised as susceptible with the current breakpoints and should be reported as tested, i.e. the presence or absence of a carbapenemase does not in itself influence the categorisation of susceptibility. Carbapenemase detection and characterisation are recommended for public health and infection control purposes. For carbapenemase screening, a meropenem screening cut-off of >0.125 mg/L (zone diameter <28 mm) is recommended.\n2. The intrinsically low activity of imipenem against Morganella morganii, Proteus spp. and Providencia spp. requires the high exposure of imipenem.\n3. For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of relebactam is fixed at 4 mg/L. \n4. For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of vaborbactam is fixed at 8 mg/L. \n\nA. For isolates in the ATU, if resistant to meropenem report resistant to meropenem-vaborbactam. If not resistant to meropenem, investigate further.\n"]
["Ertapenem","0.5","0.5",null,"10",23,23]
["Imipenem, Enterobacterales except Morganellaceae","2",4,null,"10",22,19]
["Imipenem2, Morganellaceae","0.001",4,null,10,50,19]
["Imipenem-relebactam, Enterobacterales except Morganellaceae","23","23",null,"10-25",22,22,"20-22"]
["Meropenem (indications other than meningitis)","2","8",null,"10",22,16]
["Meropenem (meningitis)","2","2",null,"10",22,22]
["Meropenem-vaborbactam","84","84",null,"20-10",20,20,"15-19A"]
[]
[]
["Monobactams","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Aztreonam1","1","4",null,"30",26,"21",null,"1. The aztreonam breakpoints for Enterobacterales will detect clinically important resistance mechanisms (including ESBL). Some isolates that produce beta-lactamases are susceptible to aztreonam with these breakpoints and should be reported as tested, i.e. the presence or absence of an ESBL does not in itself influence the categorisation of susceptibility. ESBL detection and characterisation are recommended for public health and infection control purposes.\n2. For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of avibactam is fixed at 4 mg/L. "]
["Aztreonam-avibactam","42","42",null,"30-20",25,25,"22-24"]
[]
[]
["Fluoroquinolones","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Ciprofloxacin, Salmonella spp.1","0.06","0.06",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA",null,"1. There is clinical evidence for ciprofloxacin to indicate a poor response in systemic infections caused by Salmonella spp. with any detectable fluoroquinolone resistance mechanisms. The available data relate mainly to Salmonella Typhi but there are also case reports of poor response with other Salmonella species. \n2/B. In meningitis, where all fluoroquinolone resistance mechanisms must be excluded, either perform an MIC test, or infer susceptibility from the pefloxacin 5 µg screening test.\n3. Fluoroquinolone breakpoints are available for other agents.\n\nA. Tests with a ciprofloxacin 5 µg disk will not reliably exclude all fluoroquinolone resistance mechanisms in Salmonella spp. Perform an MIC test, or infer susceptibility from the pefloxacin 5 µg screening test.\nC. The pefloxacin screening test can also be used to detect fluoroquinolone resistance mechanisms in other Enterobacterales such as E. coli, K. pneumoniae and Shigella spp.\nD. A disk diffusion test awaits action from the responsible pharmaceutical company."]
["Ciprofloxacin (indications other than meningitis)","0.25","0.5","0.5","5",25,22,"22-24"]
["Ciprofloxacin (meningitis)2","0.125","0.125",null,null,"NoteB","NoteB"]
["Pefloxacin (screen only)","NA","NA",null,5,"24A,B,C","24A,B,C"]
["Delafloxacin, E. coli","0.125","0.125",null,null,"NoteD","NoteD"]
["Levofloxacin","0.5","1",null,"5",23,19]
["Moxifloxacin, Enterobacterales except Morganella morganii, Proteus spp. and Serratia spp.3","0.25","0.25",null,"5",22,22]
["Nalidixic acid (screen only)","NA","NA",null,null,"NA","NA"]
["Norfloxacin (uncomplicated UTI only)","0.5","0.5",null,"10",24,24]
["Ofloxacin","0.25","0.5",null,"5",24,22]
[]
[]
["Aminoglycosides1","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Amikacin (systemic infections)","(8)1","(8)1",null,"30","(18)A","(18)A",null,"1/A. For information on how to use breakpoints in brackets, see https://www.eucast.org/eucastguidancedocuments/.\n2. Breakpoints do not apply to Plesiomonas shigelloides since aminoglycosides have low intrinsic activity against this species."]
["Amikacin (infections originating from the urinary tract)",8,8,null,30,18,18]
["Gentamicin (systemic infections)","(2)1","(2)1",null,10,"(17)A","(17)A"]
["Gentamicin (infections originating from the urinary tract)",2,2,null,10,17,17]
["Netilmicin","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Tobramycin (systemic infections)","(2)1","(2)1",null,10,"(16)A","(16)A"]
["Tobramycin (infections originating from the urinary tract)",2,2,null,10,16,16]
[]
[]
["Glycopeptides and lipoglycopeptides","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Dalbavancin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Oritavancin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Teicoplanin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Telavancin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Vancomycin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
[]
[]
["Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Azithromycin1","Note1","Note1",null,null,"NoteA,B","NoteA,B",null,"1/A. Azithromycin has been used in the treatment of enteric infections, primarily with Salmonella Typhi and Shigella species and although wild type distributions vary somewhat, isolates with MICs above 16 mg/L (azithromycin 15 µg disk zone diameters <12 mm) are likely to have azithromycin resistance mechanisms.\nB. When reading azithromycin zone diameters, take growth appearing as a thin inner zone on some batches of Mueller-Hinton agar into account."]
["Clarithromycin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Erythromycin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Roxithromycin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Clindamycin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Quinupristin-dalfopristin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
[]
[]
["Tetracyclines","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Doxycycline","-","-",null,null,"-","-",null,"1. Tetracycline can be used to predict doxycycline susceptibility for the treatment of Yersinia enterocolitica infections (tetracycline MIC ≤4 mg/L for wild-type isolates). The corresponding zone diameter for the tetracycline 30 µg disk is ≥19 mm.\n2. For tigecycline broth microdilution MIC determination, the medium must be prepared fresh on the day of use.\n3/A. For other Enterobacterales, the activity of tigecycline varies from insufficient in Serratia spp., Proteus spp., Morganella morganii and Providencia spp. to variable in other species. For more information, see https://www.eucast.org/eucastguidancedocuments/.\n\nB. Zone diameter breakpoints validated for E. coli only. For C. koseri, use an MIC method.\n"]
["Eravacycline, E. coli","0.5","0.5",null,20,17,17]
["Minocycline","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Tetracycline1","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Tigecycline, E. coli and C. koseri","0.52,3","0.52,3",null,15,"18A,B","18A,B"]
[]
[]
["Oxazolidinones","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Linezolid","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Tedizolid","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
[]
[]
["Miscellaneous agents","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Chloramphenicol","Note1","Note1",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA",null,"1/A. Efficacy for Enterobacterales is uncertain. Screening cut-off values can be used to distinguish wild-type isolates from isolates with acquired resistance (MIC >16 mg/L; zone diameter <17 mm for the chloramphenicol 30 µg disk). For chloramphenicol treatment in meningitis, see table of dosages.\n2. Colistin MIC determination should be performed with broth microdilution. Quality control must be performed with both a susceptible QC strain (E. coli ATCC 25922 or P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853) and the colistin resistant E. coli NCTC 13846 (mcr-1 positive).\n3. For information on how to use breakpoints in brackets, see https://www.eucast.org/eucastguidancedocuments/.\n4. Agar dilution is the reference method for fosfomycin. MICs must be determined in the presence of glucose-6-phosphate (25 mg/L in the medium). Follow the manufacturers' instructions for commercial systems.\n5/E. There is currently a lack of clinical evidence to support clinical breakpoints.\n6/F. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing is discouraged. For information on the use of fosfomycin iv in combination therapy in other Enterobacterales, see https://www.eucast.org/eucastguidancedocuments/.\n7. Trimethoprim:sulfamethoxazole in the ratio 1:19. Breakpoints are expressed as the trimethoprim concentration.\n\nB. Use an MIC method (broth microdilution only).\nC. Fosfomycin 200 µg disks must contain 50 µg glucose-6-phosphate.\nD. Ignore isolated colonies within the inhibition zone (see pictures below). "]
["Colistin2","(2)3","(2)3",null,null,"NoteB","NoteB"]
["Daptomycin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Fosfomycin iv (infections originating from the urinary tract), E. coli","84","84",null,"200C","24D","24D"]
["Fosfomycin iv (other indications), \nE. coli","Note5","Note5",null,null,"NoteE","NoteE"]
["Fosfomycin iv, other Enterobacterales","Note6","Note6",null,null,"NoteF","NoteF"]
["Fosfomycin oral \n(uncomplicated UTI only), E. coli","84","84",null,"200C","24D","24D"]
["Fusidic acid","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Lefamulin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Metronidazole","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Nitrofurantoin (uncomplicated UTI only), E. coli",64,64,null,"100",11,11]
["Nitroxoline (uncomplicated UTI only), \nE. coli",16,16,null,30,15,15]
["Rifampicin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Spectinomycin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Trimethoprim \n(uncomplicated UTI only)","4","4",null,"5",15,15]
["Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole7","2","4",null,"1.25-23.75",14,11]
{"$rows_empty":14}
["Examples of inhibition zones for Escherichia coli with fosfomycin."]
["a-c) Ignore all colonies and read the outer zone edge."]
["d) Record as no inhibition zone."]

{"sheet":"Pseudomonas","index":7,"n_rows":140,"n_cols":9,"rows_kept":140,"merged":[[1,0,1,1],[1,3,1,6],[3,0,3,5],[5,0,5,8],[7,0,8,0],[7,1,7,3],[7,4,8,4],[7,5,7,7],[7,8,8,8],[9,8,23,8],[26,0,27,0],[26,1,26,3],[26,4,27,4],[26,5,26,7],[26,8,27,8],[28,8,47,8],[50,0,51,0],[50,1,50,3],[50,4,51,4],[50,5,50,7],[50,8,51,8],[52,8,59,8],[62,0,63,0],[62,1,62,3],[62,4,63,4],[62,5,62,7],[62,8,63,8],[64,8,65,8],[68,0,69,0],[68,1,68,3],[68,4,69,4],[68,5,68,7],[68,8,69,8],[70,8,76,8],[79,0,80,0],[79,1,79,3],[79,4,80,4],[79,5,79,7],[79,8,80,8],[81,8,87,8],[90,0,91,0],[90,1,90,3],[90,4,91,4],[90,5,90,7],[90,8,91,8],[92,8,96,8],[99,0,100,0],[99,1,99,3],[99,4,100,4],[99,5,99,7],[99,8,100,8],[101,8,106,8],[109,0,110,0],[109,1,109,3],[109,4,110,4],[109,5,109,7],[109,8,110,8],[111,8,115,8],[118,0,119,0],[118,1,118,3],[118,4,119,4],[118,5,118,7],[118,8,119,8],[120,8,121,8],[124,0,125,0],[124,1,124,3],[124,4,125,4],[124,5,124,7],[124,8,125,8],[126,8,139,8]]}
["Pseudomonas spp.",{"$nulls":7},"EUCAST Clinical Breakpoint Tables v. 15.0, valid from 2025-01-01"]
["Expert Rules and Expected Phenotypes",null,null,"Guidance documents",{"$nulls":4},"For abbreviations and explanations of breakpoints, see the Notes sheet"]
[]
["MIC determination (broth microdilution according to ISO standard 20776-1\nMedium: Cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth (for cefiderocol, see https://www.eucast.org/eucastguidancedocuments/\nInoculum: 5x105 CFU/mL\nIncubation: Sealed panels, air, 35±1ºC, 18±2h\nReading: Unless otherwise stated, read MICs at the lowest concentration of the agent that completely inhibits visible growth. See ”EUCAST Reading Guide for broth microdilution” for further information.\nQuality control: Pseudomonas aeruginosaATCC 27853. For agents not covered by this strain and for control of the inhibitor component of beta-lactam inhibitor combinations, see EUCAST QC Tables.",{"$nulls":7},"Disk diffusion (EUCAST standardised disk diffusion method)\nMedium: Mueller-Hinton agar\nInoculum: McFarland 0.5\nIncubation: Air, 35±1ºC, 18±2h\nReading: Unless otherwise stated, read zone edges as the point showing no growth viewed from the back of the plate against a dark background illuminated with reflected light. See ”EUCAST Reading Guide for disk diffusion” for further information.\nQuality control: Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. For agents not covered by this strain and for control of the inhibitor component of beta-lactam inhibitor-combination disks, see EUCAST QC Tables."]
[]
["Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most frequent species of this genus. Other less frequent Pseudomonas species recovered in clinical samples are: P. fluorescens group, P. putida group and P. stutzeri group. "]
[]
["Penicillins","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Benzylpenicillin","-","-",null,null,"-","-",null,"1. For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of tazobactam is fixed at 4 mg/L.\n2. For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of clavulanic acid is fixed at 2 mg/L. "]
["Ampicillin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Ampicillin-sulbactam","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Amoxicillin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Piperacillin","0.001","16",null,"30",50,18,"18-19"]
["Piperacillin-tazobactam","0.0011","161",null,"30-6",50,18,"18-19"]
["Ticarcillin-clavulanic acid","0.0012","162",null,"75-10",50,18]
["Temocillin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Phenoxymethylpenicillin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Oxacillin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Cloxacillin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Dicloxacillin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Flucloxacillin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Mecillinam oral (pivmecillinam) (uncomplicated UTI only)","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
[]
[]
["Cephalosporins","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Cefaclor","-","-",null,null,"-","-",null,"1/A. The addition of a beta-lactamase inhibitor does not add clinical benefit. The beta-lactamases produced by the organisms either do not modify the parent cephalosporin or are insufficiently inhibited by the inhibitor.\n2. Broth microdilution MIC determination must be performed in iron-depleted Mueller-Hinton broth and specific reading instructions must be followed. For testing conditions and reading instructions, see https://www.eucast.org/eucastguidancedocuments/.\n3. For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of avibactam is fixed at 4 mg/L.\n4. See table of dosages for dosing for different indications.\n5. For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of tazobactam is fixed at 4 mg/L.\n"]
["Cefadroxil","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Cefalexin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Cefazolin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Cefepime","0.001","8",null,"30",50,21,"19-23"]
["Cefepime-enmetazobactam","Note1","Note1",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Cefiderocol, P. aeruginosa","22","22",null,"30",22,22,"20-21"]
["Cefixime","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Cefotaxime","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Cefoxitin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Cefpodoxime","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Ceftaroline","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Ceftazidime","0.001","8",null,"10",50,17]
["Ceftazidime-avibactam, P. aeruginosa","83","83",null,"10-4",17,17,"16-17"]
["Ceftibuten","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Ceftobiprole","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Ceftolozane-tazobactam4, P. aeruginosa","45","45",null,"30-10",23,23]
["Ceftriaxone","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Cefuroxime iv","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Cefuroxime oral","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
[]
[]
["Carbapenems","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Doripenem","0.001",2,null,"10","50",22,null,"1. For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of relebactam is fixed at 4 mg/L. \n2. For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of vaborbactam is fixed at 8 mg/L. \n"]
["Ertapenem","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Imipenem","0.001",4,null,"10",50,20]
["Imipenem-relebactam, P. aeruginosa","21","21",null,"10-25",22,22]
["Meropenem (indications other than meningitis), P. aeruginosa","2","8",null,"10","20","14"]
["Meropenem (indications other than meningitis), Pseudomonas other than P. aeruginosa","2","8",null,"10","24","18"]
["Meropenem (meningitis), P. aeruginosa","2","2",null,"10","20","20"]
["Meropenem-vaborbactam, \nP. aeruginosa","82","82",null,"20-10",14,14]
[]
[]
["Monobactams","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Aztreonam","0.001",16,null,30,50,18]
["Aztreonam-avibactam","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
[]
[]
["Fluoroquinolones","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Ciprofloxacin","0.001","0.5",null,"5",50,26]
["Delafloxacin","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Levofloxacin","0.001","2",null,"5",50,18]
["Moxifloxacin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Nalidixic acid (screen only)","NA","NA",null,null,"NA","NA"]
["Norfloxacin (uncomplicated UTI only)","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Ofloxacin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
[]
[]
["Aminoglycosides1","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Amikacin (systemic infections)","(16)1","(16)1",null,"30","(15)A","(15)A",null,"1/A. For information on how to use breakpoints in brackets, see https://www.eucast.org/eucastguidancedocuments/."]
["Amikacin (infections originating from the urinary tract)",16,16,null,"30",15,15]
["Gentamicin (systemic infections)","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Gentamicin (infections originating from the urinary tract)","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Netilmicin","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Tobramycin (systemic infections)","(2)1","(2)1",null,"10","(18)A","(18)A"]
["Tobramycin (infections originating from the urinary tract)",2,2,null,"10",18,18]
[]
[]
["Glycopeptides and lipoglycopeptides","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Dalbavancin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Oritavancin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Teicoplanin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Telavancin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Vancomycin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
[]
[]
["Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Azithromycin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Clarithromycin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Erythromycin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Roxithromycin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Clindamycin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Quinupristin-dalfopristin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
[]
[]
["Tetracyclines","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Doxycycline","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Eravacycline","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Minocycline","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Tetracycline","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Tigecycline","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
[]
[]
["Oxazolidinones","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Linezolid","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Tedizolid","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
[]
[]
["Miscellaneous agents","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Chloramphenicol","-","-",null,null,"-","-",null,"1. Colistin MIC determination should be performed with broth microdilution. Quality control must be performed with both a susceptible QC strain (E. coli ATCC 25922 or P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853) and the colistin resistant E. coli NCTC 13846 (mcr-1 positive).\n2. For information on how to use breakpoints in brackets, see https://www.eucast.org/eucastguidancedocuments/.\n3/B. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing is discouraged. For information on the use of fosfomycin iv in combination therapy, see https://www.eucast.org/eucastguidancedocuments/.\n\nA. Use an MIC method (broth microdilution only)."]
["Colistin1","(4)2","(4)2",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Daptomycin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Fosfomycin iv","Note3","Note3",null,null,"NoteB","NoteB"]
["Fosfomycin oral","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Fusidic acid","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Lefamulin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Metronidazole","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Nitrofurantoin (uncomplicated UTI only)","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Nitroxoline (uncomplicated UTI only)","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Rifampicin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Spectinomycin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Trimethoprim (uncomplicated UTI only)","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]

{"sheet":"S.maltophilia","index":8,"n_rows":52,"n_cols":9,"rows_kept":52,"merged":[[1,0,1,1],[3,0,3,8],[5,0,5,5],[7,0,8,0],[7,1,7,3],[7,4,8,4],[7,5,7,7],[7,8,8,8],[9,8,11,8],[14,0,15,0],[14,1,14,3],[14,4,15,4],[14,5,14,7],[14,8,15,8],[16,8,17,8],[20,0,21,0],[20,1,20,3],[20,4,21,4],[20,5,20,7],[20,8,21,8],[22,8,23,8],[26,0,27,0],[26,1,26,3],[26,4,27,4],[26,5,26,7],[26,8,27,8],[28,8,29,8],[32,0,33,0],[32,1,32,3],[32,4,33,4],[32,5,32,7],[32,8,33,8]]}
["Stenotrophomonas maltophilia",{"$nulls":7},"EUCAST Clinical Breakpoint Tables v. 15.0, valid from 2025-01-01"]
["Expert Rules and Expected Phenotypes",{"$nulls":7},"For abbreviations and explanations of breakpoints, see the Notes sheet"]
[]
["For further information, see EUCAST Guidance Document for S. maltophilia."]
[]
["MIC determination (broth microdilution according to ISO standard 20776-1)\nMedium: Cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth (for cefiderocol, see https://www.eucast.org/eucastguidancedocuments/)\nInoculum: 5x105 CFU/mL\nIncubation: Sealed panels, air, 35±1ºC, 18±2h\nReading: For trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, the MIC should be read at the lowest concentration that inhibits approximately 80% of growth as compared with the growth control well. See ”EUCAST Reading Guide for broth microdilution” for further information.\nQuality control: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922",{"$nulls":7},"Disk diffusion (EUCAST standardised disk diffusion method)\nMedium: Mueller-Hinton agar\nInoculum: McFarland 0.5\nIncubation: Air, 35±1ºC, 18±2h\nReading: Read zone edges from the back of the plate against a dark background illuminated with reflected light (see below for specific instructions). See ”EUCAST Reading Guide for disk diffusion” for further information.\nQuality control: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922"]
[]
["Cephalosporins","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Ceftazidime","-","-",null,null,"-","-",null,"1. Broth microdilution MIC determination must be performed in iron-depleted Mueller-Hinton broth and specific reading instructions must be followed. For testing conditions and reading instructions, see https://www.eucast.org/eucastguidancedocuments/.\n2/A. The in vitro activity of cefiderocol against Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is comparable to the activity of the agent against Enterobacterales and there is also animal data to suggest efficacy. However, there is insufficient clinical data to determine a clinical breakpoint. Isolates with MIC values ≤0.5 mg/L (zone diameter ≥28 mm) are mostly devoid of resistance mechanisms. Isolates with MICs 1-2 mg/L have acquired resistance mechanisms which may result in impaired clinical response. Isolates with MIC values >2 mg/L (zone diameter <22 mm) will likely be resistant."]
["Cefepime","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Cefiderocol1","Note2","Note2",null,30,"NoteA","NoteA"]
[]
[]
["Monobactams","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Aztreonam","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Aztreonam-avibactam","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
[]
[]
["Fluoroquinolones","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Ciprofloxacin","Note1","Note1",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA",null,"1. Fluoroquinolones have been used in combination therapy. The ECOFF can be used to exclude acquired resistance mechanisms.\n\nA. Disk diffusion criteria are not available."]
["Levofloxacin","Note1","Note1",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
[]
[]
["Tetracyclines","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Minocycline","Note1,2","Note1,2",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA",null,"1. Tetracyclines have been used in combination therapy. The ECOFF can be used to exclude acquired resistance mechanisms.\n2. Pertains to intravenous therapy. Oral therapy will lead to insufficient exposure.\n\nA. Disk diffusion criteria are not available."]
["Tigecycline","Note1","Note1",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
[]
[]
["Miscellaneous agents","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole1","0.001",2,null,"1.25-23.75","50A","16A,B",null,"1. Trimethoprim:sulfamethoxazole in the ratio 1:19. Breakpoints are expressed as the trimethoprim concentration.\n\nA. There may be growth within the inhibition zone. The density of growth may vary from a fine haze to substantial growth (see pictures below). If any zone edge can be seen, ignore growth within the inhibition zone and read the zone diameter.\nB. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance in S. maltophilia is rare and should be confirmed with an MIC test."]
[{"$nulls":8}," "]
{"$rows_empty":13}
["Examples of inhibition zones for Stenotrophomonas maltophilia with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole."]
["a-c) An outer zone can be seen. Read the outer zone edge and interpret according to the breakpoints."]
["d) Growth up to the disk and no sign of inhibition zone. Report resistant."]

{"sheet":"Acinetobacter","index":9,"n_rows":139,"n_cols":9,"rows_kept":139,"merged":[[1,0,1,1],[1,3,1,6],[3,0,3,5],[5,0,5,8],[7,0,8,0],[7,1,7,3],[7,4,8,4],[7,5,7,7],[7,8,8,8],[9,8,23,8],[26,0,27,0],[26,1,26,3],[26,4,27,4],[26,5,26,7],[26,8,27,8],[28,8,47,8],[50,0,51,0],[50,1,50,3],[50,4,51,4],[50,5,50,7],[50,8,51,8],[52,8,58,8],[61,0,62,0],[61,1,61,3],[61,4,62,4],[61,5,61,7],[61,8,62,8],[63,8,64,8],[67,0,68,0],[67,1,67,3],[67,4,68,4],[67,5,67,7],[67,8,68,8],[69,8,75,8],[78,0,79,0],[78,1,78,3],[78,4,79,4],[78,5,78,7],[78,8,79,8],[80,8,86,8],[89,0,90,0],[89,1,89,3],[89,4,90,4],[89,5,89,7],[89,8,90,8],[91,8,95,8],[98,0,99,0],[98,1,98,3],[98,4,99,4],[98,5,98,7],[98,8,99,8],[100,8,105,8],[108,0,109,0],[108,1,108,3],[108,4,109,4],[108,5,108,7],[108,8,109,8],[110,8,114,8],[117,0,118,0],[117,1,117,3],[117,4,118,4],[117,5,117,7],[117,8,118,8],[119,8,120,8],[123,0,124,0],[123,1,123,3],[123,4,124,4],[123,5,123,7],[123,8,124,8],[125,8,138,8]]}
["Acinetobacter spp.",{"$nulls":7},"EUCAST Clinical Breakpoint Tables v. 15.0, valid from 2025-01-01"]
["Expert Rules and Expected Phenotypes",null,null,"Guidance documents",{"$nulls":4},"For abbreviations and explanations of breakpoints, see the Notes sheet"]
[]
["MIC determination (broth microdilution according to ISO standard 20776-1)\nMedium: Cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth (for cefiderocol, see https://www.eucast.org/eucastguidancedocuments/)\nInoculum: 5x105 CFU/mL\nIncubation: Sealed panels, air, 35±1ºC, 18±2h\nReading: Unless otherwise stated, read MICs at the lowest concentration of the agent that completely inhibits visible growth. See ”EUCAST Reading Guide for broth microdilution” for further information.\nQuality control: Pseudomonas aeruginosaATCC 27853. For agents not covered by this strain,  see EUCAST QC Tables.",{"$nulls":7},"Disk diffusion (EUCAST standardised disk diffusion method)\nMedium: Mueller-Hinton agar\nInoculum: McFarland 0.5\nIncubation: Air, 35±1ºC, 18±2h\nReading: Unless otherwise stated, read zone edges as the point showing no growth viewed from the back of the plate against a dark background illuminated with reflected light. See ”EUCAST Reading Guide for disk diffusion” for further information.\nQuality control: Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. For agents not covered by this strain, see EUCAST QC Tables."]
[]
["This genus includes several species. The most frequent Acinetobacter species recovered in clinical samples are those included in the A. baumannii group, which includes A. baumannii, A. nosocomialis, A. pittii, A. dijkshoorniae and A. seifertii. Other species are A. haemolyticus, A. junii, A. lwoffii, A. ursingii and A. variabilis. In the EUCAST tables Acinetobacter are referred to as Acinetobacter spp. since the studies on which EUCAST breakpoints are based have varied in their ability to distinguish between species."]
[]
["Penicillins1","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Benzylpenicillin","-","-",null,null,"-","-",null,"1. Susceptibility testing of Acinetobacter spp. to penicillins is unreliable. In most instances, Acinetobacter spp. are resistant to penicillins. "]
["Ampicillin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Ampicillin-sulbactam","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Amoxicillin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Piperacillin","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Piperacillin-tazobactam","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Ticarcillin-clavulanic acid","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Temocillin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Phenoxymethylpenicillin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Oxacillin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Cloxacillin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Dicloxacillin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Flucloxacillin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Mecillinam oral (pivmecillinam) (uncomplicated UTI only)","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
[]
[]
["Cephalosporins","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Cefaclor","-","-",null,null,"-","-",null,"1. Broth microdilution MIC determination must be performed in iron-depleted Mueller-Hinton broth and specific reading instructions must be followed. For testing conditions and reading instructions, see https://www.eucast.org/eucastguidancedocuments/.\n2/A. The in vitro activity of cefiderocol against Acinetobacter spp. is comparable to the activity of the agent against Enterobacterales and there is also animal data to suggest efficacy. However, there is insufficient clinical data to determine a clinical breakpoint. Isolates with MIC values ≤0.5 mg/L (zone diameter ≥21 mm) are mostly devoid of resistance mechanisms. Isolates with MICs 1-2 mg/L have acquired resistance mechanisms which may result in impaired clinical response. Isolates with MIC values >2 mg/L (zone diameter <17 mm) will likely be resistant. "]
["Cefadroxil","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Cefalexin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Cefazolin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Cefepime","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Cefepime-enmetazobactam","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Cefiderocol1","Note2","Note2",null,30,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Cefixime","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Cefotaxime","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Cefoxitin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Cefpodoxime","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Ceftaroline","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Ceftazidime","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Ceftazidime-avibactam","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Ceftibuten","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Ceftobiprole","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Ceftolozane-tazobactam","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Ceftriaxone","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Cefuroxime iv","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Cefuroxime oral","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
[]
[]
["Carbapenems","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Doripenem","0.001",2,null,10,50,22,null,"1/A. The addition of a beta-lactamase inhibitor does not add clinical benefit. The beta-lactamases produced by the organisms either do not modify the parent carbapenem or are insufficiently inhibited by the inhibitor. "]
["Ertapenem","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Imipenem",2,4,null,"10",24,21]
["Imipenem-relebactam1","Note1","Note1",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Meropenem (indications other than meningitis)","2","8",null,"10",21,15]
["Meropenem (meningitis)",2,2,null,"10",21,21]
["Meropenem-vaborbactam1","Note1","Note1",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
[]
[]
["Monobactams","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Aztreonam","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Aztreonam-avibactam","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
[]
[]
["Fluoroquinolones","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Ciprofloxacin","0.001",1,null,"5",50,21]
["Delafloxacin","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Levofloxacin","0.5","1",null,"5",23,20]
["Moxifloxacin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Nalidixic acid (screen only)","NA","NA",null,null,"NA","NA"]
["Norfloxacin (uncomplicated UTI only)","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Ofloxacin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
[]
[]
["Aminoglycosides1","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Amikacin (systemic infections)","(8)1","(8)1",null,"30","(19)A","(19)A",null,"1/A. For information on how to use breakpoints in brackets, see https://www.eucast.org/eucastguidancedocuments/."]
["Amikacin (infections originating from the urinary tract)",8,8,null,30,19,19]
["Gentamicin (systemic infections)","(4)1","(4)1",null,"10","(17)A","(17)A"]
["Gentamicin (infections originating from the urinary tract)",4,4,null,10,17,17]
["Netilmicin","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Tobramycin (systemic infections)","(4)1","(4)1",null,"10","(17)A","(17)A"]
["Tobramycin (infections originating from the urinary tract)",4,4,null,10,17,17]
[]
[]
["Glycopeptides and lipoglycopeptides","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Dalbavancin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Oritavancin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Teicoplanin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Telavancin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Vancomycin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
[]
[]
["Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Azithromycin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Clarithromycin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Erythromycin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Roxithromycin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Clindamycin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Quinupristin-dalfopristin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
[]
[]
["Tetracyclines","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Doxycycline","-","-",null,null,"-","-",null,"1. Minocycline has been discussed as alternative therapy in Acinetobacter infections. The “IE” in the table pertains to intravenous therapy only. Oral administration will not accomplish sufficient exposure."]
["Eravacycline","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Minocycline","IE1","IE1",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Tetracycline","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Tigecycline","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
[]
[]
["Oxazolidinones","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Linezolid","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Tedizolid","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
[]
[]
["Miscellaneous agents","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Chloramphenicol","-","-",null,null,"-","-",null,"1. Colistin MIC determination should be performed with broth microdilution. Quality control must be performed with both a susceptible QC strain (E. coli ATCC 25922 or P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853) and the colistin resistant E. coli NCTC 13846 (mcr-1 positive).\n2. For information on how to use breakpoints in brackets, see https://www.eucast.org/eucastguidancedocuments/.\n3/B. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing is discouraged. For information on the use of fosfomycin iv in combination therapy, see https://www.eucast.org/eucastguidancedocuments/.\n4. Trimethoprim:sulfamethoxazole in the ratio 1:19. Breakpoints are expressed as the trimethoprim concentration.\n\nA. Use an MIC method (broth microdilution only)."]
["Colistin1","(2)2","(2)2",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Daptomycin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Fosfomycin iv","Note3","Note3",null,null,"NoteB","NoteB"]
["Fosfomycin oral","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Fusidic acid","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Lefamulin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Metronidazole","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Nitrofurantoin (uncomplicated UTI only)","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Nitroxoline (uncomplicated UTI only)","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Rifampicin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Spectinomycin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Trimethoprim (uncomplicated UTI only)","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole4","2","4",null,"1.25-23.75",14,11]

{"sheet":"Staphylococcus","index":10,"n_rows":168,"n_cols":9,"rows_kept":168,"merged":[[1,0,1,1],[1,3,1,6],[3,0,3,5],[5,0,5,8],[7,0,8,0],[7,1,7,3],[7,4,8,4],[7,5,7,7],[7,8,8,8],[9,8,27,8],[30,0,31,0],[30,1,30,3],[30,4,31,4],[30,5,30,7],[30,8,31,8],[32,8,54,8],[57,0,58,0],[57,1,57,3],[57,4,58,4],[57,5,57,7],[57,8,58,8],[59,8,64,8],[67,0,68,0],[67,1,67,3],[67,4,68,4],[67,5,67,7],[67,8,68,8],[69,8,70,8],[73,0,74,0],[73,1,73,3],[73,4,74,4],[73,5,73,7],[73,8,74,8],[75,8,85,8],[88,0,89,0],[88,1,88,3],[88,4,89,4],[88,5,88,7],[88,8,89,8],[90,8,96,8],[99,0,100,0],[99,1,99,3],[99,4,100,4],[99,5,99,7],[99,8,100,8],[101,8,107,8],[110,0,111,0],[110,1,110,3],[110,4,111,4],[110,5,110,7],[110,8,111,8],[112,8,117,8],[120,0,121,0],[120,1,120,3],[120,4,121,4],[120,5,120,7],[120,8,121,8],[122,8,126,8],[129,0,130,0],[129,1,129,3],[129,4,130,4],[129,5,129,7],[129,8,130,8],[131,8,132,8],[135,0,136,0],[135,1,135,3],[135,4,136,4],[135,5,135,7],[135,8,136,8],[137,8,151,8]]}
["Staphylococcus spp.",{"$nulls":7},"EUCAST Clinical Breakpoint Tables v. 15.0, valid from 2025-01-01"]
["Expert Rules and Expected Phenotypes",null,null,"Guidance documents",{"$nulls":4},"For abbreviations and explanations of breakpoints, see the Notes sheet"]
[]
["MIC determination (broth microdilution according to ISO standard 20776-1)\nMedium: Cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth\nInoculum: 5x105 CFU/mL\nIncubation: Sealed panels, air, 35±1ºC, 18±2h (for glycopeptides 24h)\nReading: Unless otherwise stated, read MICs at the lowest concentration of the agent that completely inhibits visible growth. See ”EUCAST Reading Guide for broth microdilution” for further information.\nQuality control: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213. For agents not covered by this strain, see EUCAST QC Tables.",{"$nulls":7},"Disk diffusion (EUCAST standardised disk diffusion method)\nMedium: Mueller-Hinton agar\nInoculum: McFarland 0.5\nIncubation: Air, 35±1ºC, 18±2h\nReading: Unless otherwise stated, read zone edges as the point showing no growth viewed from the back of the plate against a dark background illuminated with reflected light (except for benzylpenicillin, see below). See ”EUCAST Reading Guide for disk diffusion” for further information.\nQuality control: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213. For agents not covered by this strain, see EUCAST QC Tables."]
[]
["Unless otherwise indicated, breakpoints apply to all members of the Staphylococcus genus. Where such information exists, specific breakpoints are provided.\n• For coagulase-positive species other than S. aureus (S. argenteus, S. schweitzeri, S. intermedius, S. pseudintermedius and S. coagulans) there is limited information on the performance of breakpoints for most agents. For S. argenteus, breakpoints for S. aureus can be used without caveats.\n• Coagulase-negative staphylococci include S. capitis, S. cohnii, S. epidermidis, S. haemolyticus, S. hominis, S. hyicus, S. lugdunensis, S. pettenkoferi, S. saprophyticus, S. schleiferi, S. sciuri, S. simulans, S. warneri and S. xylosus. \n• For S. saccharolyticus, use methodology for anaerobic bacteria and consult EUCAST Guidance Document on how to interpret results when there are no breakpoints, https://www.eucast.org/eucastguidancedocuments/."]
[]
["Penicillins1","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Benzylpenicillin, S. aureus","0.1251","0.1251",null,"1 unit","26A,B","26A,B",null,"1/A. Most S. aureus are penicillinase producers and some are methicillin resistant. Either mechanism renders them resistant to benzylpenicillin, phenoxymethylpenicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin, piperacillin and ticarcillin. Isolates that test susceptible to benzylpenicillin and cefoxitin can be reported susceptible to all penicillins. Isolates that test resistant to benzylpenicillin but susceptible to cefoxitin are susceptible to β-lactam β-lactamase inhibitor combinations, the isoxazolylpenicillins (oxacillin, cloxacillin, dicloxacillin and flucloxacillin) and nafcillin. For agents given orally, care to achieve sufficient exposure at the site of the infection should be exercised. Isolates that test resistant to cefoxitin are resistant to all penicillins.  \n2/C. Most staphylococci are penicillinase producers and some are methicillin resistant. Either mechanism renders them resistant to benzylpenicillin, phenoxymethylpenicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin, piperacillin and ticarcillin. No currently available method can reliably detect penicillinase production in all species of staphylococci but methicillin resistance can be detected with cefoxitin as described.\n3/D. Ampicillin susceptible S. saprophyticus are mecA-negative and susceptible to ampicillin, amoxicillin and piperacillin (without or with a beta-lactamase inhibitor).\n4. S. aureus, S. lugdunensis and S. saprophyticus with oxacillin MIC values >2 mg/L are mostly methicillin resistant due to the presence of the mecA or mecC gene. Occasionally oxacillin MIC values are high in S. aureus in absence of mec-gene mediated resistance. These isolates have been called BORSA (borderline oxacillin resistant S. aureus). EUCAST does not recommend systematic screening for BORSA. For coagulase-negative staphylococci other than S. saprophyticus and S. lugdunensis, the oxacillin MIC in methicillin resistant isolates is >0.25 mg/L.\n\nB. For S. aureus, disk diffusion is more reliable than MIC determination for detection of penicillinase producers, provided the zone diameter is measured AND the zone edge for isolates with zone diameters ≥26 mm is closely inspected (see pictures below). Examine the zone edge with transmitted light (plate held up to light). If the zone diameter is <26 mm, then report resistant. If the zone diameter is ≥26 mm AND the zone edge is sharp (no reduction of growth towards zone edge, like a \"cliff\"), then report resistant. If not sharp (reduction of growth towards zone edge,  like a \"beach\"), then report susceptible and if uncertain, then report resistant. Chromogenic cephalosporin-based beta-lactamase tests do not reliably detect staphylococcal penicillinase.\nE. For screening for methicillin resistance in S. pseudintermedius, S. intermedius, S. schleiferi and S. coagulans."]
["Benzylpenicillin, S. lugdunensis","0.125","0.125",null,"1 unit","26","26"]
["Benzylpenicillin, other staphylococci","Note2","Note2",null,null,"NoteC","NoteC"]
["Ampicillin, S. saprophyticus","Note2,3","Note2,3",null,2,"18C,D","18C,D"]
["Ampicillin-sulbactam","Note1,2,3","Note1,2,3",null,null,"NoteA,C,D","NoteA,C,D"]
["Amoxicillin","Note1,2,3","Note1,2,3",null,null,"NoteA,C,D","NoteA,C,D"]
["Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid","Note1,2,3","Note1,2,3",null,null,"NoteA,C,D","NoteA,C,D"]
["Piperacillin","Note1,2,3","Note1,2,3",null,null,"NoteA,C,D","NoteA,C,D"]
["Piperacillin-tazobactam","Note1,2,3","Note1,2,3",null,null,"NoteA,C,D","NoteA,C,D"]
["Ticarcillin-clavulanic acid","Note1,2","Note1,2",null,null,"NoteA,C","NoteA,C"]
["Temocillin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Phenoxymethylpenicillin, S. aureus","Note1","Note1",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Phenoxymethylpenicillin, \nCoagulase-negative staphylococci","-2","-2",null,null,"NoteC","NoteC"]
["Oxacillin (screen only), S. pseudintermedius, S. intermedius, S. schleiferi and S. coagulans","NA","NA",null,1,"20E","20E"]
["Oxacillin4, other staphylococci","Note1,4","Note1,4",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Cloxacillin","Note1,2","Note1,2",null,null,"NoteA,C","NoteA,C"]
["Dicloxacillin","Note1,2","Note1,2",null,null,"NoteA,C","NoteA,C"]
["Flucloxacillin","Note1,2","Note1,2",null,null,"NoteA,C","NoteA,C"]
["Mecillinam oral (pivmecillinam) (uncomplicated UTI only)","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
[]
[]
["Cephalosporins1","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Cefaclor2","Note1","Note1",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA",null,"1/A. Susceptibility of staphylococci to cephalosporins is inferred from the cefoxitin susceptibility except for cefixime, ceftazidime, ceftazidime-avibactam, ceftibuten and ceftolozane-tazobactam, which do not have breakpoints and should not be used for staphylococcal infections. For agents given orally, care to achieve sufficient exposure at the site of the infection should be exercised. If cefotaxime and ceftriaxone are reported for methicillin-susceptible staphylococci, these should be reported “Susceptible, increased exposure” (I). Some methicillin-resistant S. aureus are susceptible to ceftaroline and ceftobiprole, see Notes 7/D and 9/F.\n2. See table of dosages.\n3. The addition of a beta-lactamase inhibitor does not add clinical benefit.\n4. S. aureus and S. lugdunensis with cefoxitin MIC values >4 mg/L and S. saprophyticus with cefoxitin MIC values >8 mg/L are methicillin resistant, mostly due to the presence of the mecA or mecC gene. Disk diffusion reliably predicts methicillin resistance.\n5. For staphylococci other than S. aureus, S. lugdunensis and S. saprophyticus, the cefoxitin MIC is a poorer predictor of methicillin resistance than the disk diffusion test. \n6/C. In S. pseudintermedius,S. intermedius, S. schleiferi and S. coagulans the cefoxitin disk is less predictive for the detection of methicillin resistance than in other staphylococci. Use the oxacillin 1 µg disk with zone diameter breakpoints S≥20, R<20 mm.\n7/D. Methicillin-susceptible isolates can be reported susceptible to ceftaroline without further testing.\n8/E. Resistant isolates are rare.\n9/F. Methicillin-susceptible isolates can be reported susceptible to ceftobiprole without further testing.\n\nB. If coagulase-negative staphylococci are not identified to species level, use zone diameter breakpoints S≥25, R<25 mm, with an ATU of 22-24 mm. For isolates with results inside the ATU: identify species, perform PCR for mecA/mecC or report resistant.\n\n"]
["Cefadroxil","Note1","Note1",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Cefalexin","Note1","Note1",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Cefazolin2","Note1","Note1",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Cefepime2","Note1","Note1",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Cefepime-enmetazobactam3","Note1","Note1",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Cefiderocol","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Cefixime","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Cefotaxime2","Note1","Note1",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Cefoxitin (screen only), S. aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci except S. epidermidis and S. lugdunensis","Note4,5","Note4,5",null,"30","22A,B","22A,B"]
["Cefoxitin (screen only), S. epidermidis and S. lugdunensis","Note4,5","Note4,5",null,"30","27A,B","27A,B",27]
["Cefoxitin (screen only), S. pseudintermedius, S. intermedius, S. schleiferi and S. coagulans","Note6","Note6",null,null,"NoteC","NoteC"]
["Cefpodoxime","Note1","Note1",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Ceftaroline (indications other than pneumonia), S. aureus ","17","27,8","1",5,"20D","17D,E","19-20"]
["Ceftaroline (pneumonia), S. aureus ","17","17",1,5,"20D","20D","19-20"]
["Ceftazidime","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Ceftazidime-avibactam","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Ceftibuten","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Ceftobiprole, S. aureus","29","29",2,5,"17F","17F","16-17"]
["Ceftolozane-tazobactam","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Ceftriaxone2","Note1","Note1",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Cefuroxime iv2","Note1","Note1",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Cefuroxime oral","Note1","Note1",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
[]
[]
["Carbapenems1","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Doripenem","Note1","Note1",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA",null,"1/A. Susceptibility of staphylococci to carbapenems is inferred from the cefoxitin susceptibility.\n2. The addition of a beta-lactamase inhibitor does not add clinical benefit."]
["Ertapenem","Note1","Note1",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Imipenem","Note1","Note1",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Imipenem-relebactam2","Note1","Note1",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Meropenem","Note1","Note1",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Meropenem-vaborbactam2","Note1","Note1",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
[]
[]
["Monobactams","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Aztreonam","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Aztreonam-avibactam","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
[]
[]
["Fluoroquinolones1","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Ciprofloxacin, S. aureus","(0.001)2","(2)2",null,"5","(50)A,B","(17)A,B",null,"1. For breakpoints for other fluoroquinolones (e.g. pefloxacin and enoxacin), refer to breakpoints set by national breakpoint committees. \n2/A. For information on how to use breakpoints in brackets, see https://www.eucast.org/eucastguidancedocuments/.\n3/E. Ofloxacin breakpoints for Staphylococcus spp. have been removed since in systemic infections with staphylococci the agent is inferior to other fluoroquinolones. For topical use of ofloxacin, see tables of topical agents.\n\nB. The norfloxacin disk diffusion test can be used to screen for fluoroquinolone resistance. See Note D.\nC. A disk diffusion test awaits action from the responsible pharmaceutical company.\nD. Isolates categorised as screen negative can be reported susceptible to moxifloxacin and \"susceptible increased exposure\" (I) to levofloxacin. For ciprofloxacin, the isolate is without phenotypically detectable resistance mechanisms and can be used in high exposure in combination therapy (see Note 2/A). Isolates categorised as screen positive should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents or reported resistant.\n"]
["Ciprofloxacin, \nCoagulase-negative staphylococci","(0.001)2","(2)2",null,5,"(50)A,B","(22)A,B"]
["Delafloxacin (community-acquired pneumonia), S. aureus","0.016","0.016",null,null,"NoteC","NoteC"]
["Delafloxacin (skin and skin structure infections), S. aureus","0.25","0.25",null,null,"NoteC","NoteC"]
["Levofloxacin, S. aureus","0.001","1",null,"5","50B","22B"]
["Levofloxacin, \nCoagulase-negative staphylococci","0.001",1,null,5,"50B","24B"]
["Moxifloxacin3, S. aureus","0.25","0.25",null,"5","25B","25B"]
["Moxifloxacin3, \nCoagulase-negative staphylococci","0.25","0.25",null,"5","28B","28B"]
["Nalidixic acid (screen only)","NA","NA",null,null,"NA","NA"]
["Norfloxacin (screen only)","NA","NA",null,"10","17D","17D"]
["Ofloxacin","Note3","Note3",null,null,"NoteE","NoteE"]
[]
[]
["Aminoglycosides1","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Amikacin, S. aureus","(16)1","(16)1",null,"30","(15)A","(15)A",null,"1/A. For information on how to use breakpoints in brackets, see https://www.eucast.org/eucastguidancedocuments/."]
["Amikacin, \nCoagulase-negative staphylococci","(16)1","(16)1",null,"30","(15)A","(15)A"]
["Gentamicin, S. aureus","(2)1","(2)1",null,"10","(18)A","(18)A"]
["Gentamicin,\nCoagulase-negative staphylococci","(2)1","(2)1",null,"10","(22)A","(22)A"]
["Netilmicin","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Tobramycin, S. aureus","(2)1","(2)1",null,"10","(18)A","(18)A"]
["Tobramycin, \nCoagulase-negative staphylococci","(2)1","(2)1",null,"10","(20)A","(20)A"]
[]
[]
["Glycopeptides and lipoglycopeptides1","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Dalbavancin2","0.253","0.253",null,null,"NoteA ","NoteA ",null,"1. Glycopeptide MICs are method dependent and should be determined by broth microdilution (ISO standard 20776-1). S. aureus with vancomycin MIC values of 2 mg/L are on the border of the wild-type distribution and there may be an impaired clinical response.\n2. Resistant isolates are rare or not yet reported. The identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test result on any such isolate must be confirmed and the isolate sent to a reference laboratory.\n3. MICs must be determined in the presence of polysorbate-80 (0.002% in the medium for broth dilution methods; agar dilution methods have not been validated). Follow the manufacturers' instructions for commercial systems.\n4. Coagulase-negative staphylococci susceptible to both vancomycin and teicoplanin can be reported susceptible to dalbavancin.\n5. S. aureus isolates susceptible to vancomycin can be reported susceptible to dalbavancin and oritavancin. \n6. MRSA isolates susceptible to vancomycin can be reported susceptible to telavancin.\n \nA. Disk diffusion is unreliable and cannot distinguish between wild-type isolates and those with non-vanA-mediated glycopeptide resistance. "]
["Oritavancin2, S. aureus","0.1253","0.1253",null,null,"NoteA ","NoteA "]
["Teicoplanin2, S. aureus","2","2",null,null,"NoteA ","NoteA"]
["Teicoplanin, \nCoagulase-negative staphylococci","4","4",null,null,"NoteA ","NoteA"]
["Telavancin2, MRSA","0.1253","0.1253",null,null,"NoteA ","NoteA"]
["Vancomycin2, S. aureus","2","2",null,null,"NoteA ","NoteA "]
["Vancomycin2, \nCoagulase-negative staphylococci","4","4",null,null,"NoteA ","NoteA "]
[]
[]
["Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Azithromycin","21","21",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA",null,"1/A. Erythromycin can be used to screen for macrolide resistance in staphylococci. Isolates categorised as susceptible can be reported susceptible to azithromycin, clarithromycin and roxithromycin. Isolates categorised as resistant should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents or reported resistant.\n2. Inducible clindamycin resistance can be detected by antagonism of clindamycin activity by a macrolide agent. If not detected, then report as tested according to the clinical breakpoints. If detected, then report as resistant and consider adding this comment to the report: \"Clindamycin may still be used for short-term therapy of less serious skin and soft tissue infections as constitutive resistance is unlikely to develop during such therapy\".\n\nB. Place the erythromycin and clindamycin disks 12-20 mm apart (edge to edge) and look for antagonism (the D phenomenon) to detect inducible clindamycin resistance.\nC. Isolates resistant by disk diffusion should be confirmed by MIC testing."]
["Clarithromycin","11","11",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Erythromycin","11","11",null,15,"21A","21A"]
["Roxithromycin","11","11",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Clindamycin2","0.25","0.25",null,"2","22B","22B"]
["Quinupristin-dalfopristin","1","1",null,"15","21","21C"]
[]
[]
["Tetracyclines","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Doxycycline","11","11",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA",null,"1/A. Tetracycline can be used to screen for resistance in tetracycline agents. Isolates categorised as susceptible can be reported susceptible to doxycycline and minocycline. Isolates categorised as resistant should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents or reported resistant.\n2. Resistant isolates are rare or not yet reported. The identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test result on any such isolate must be confirmed and the isolate sent to a reference laboratory.\n3. For tigecycline broth microdilution MIC determination, the medium must be prepared fresh on the day of use.\n\nB. For MRSA that test susceptible with disk diffusion, the results should be confirmed with an MIC test.\n"]
["Eravacycline, S. aureus","0.25","0.25",null,"20","20B","20B"]
["Minocycline","0.51","0.51",null,"30","23A","23A"]
["Tetracycline","11","11",null,30,"22A","22A"]
["Tigecycline2","0.53","0.53",null,"15","19","19"]
[]
[]
["Oxazolidinones","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Linezolid",4,4,null,10,21,21,null,"1/A. Isolates susceptible to linezolid can be reported susceptible to tedizolid."]
["Tedizolid","0.51","0.5",null,"2","20A",20,19]
[]
[]
["Miscellaneous agents","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Chloramphenicol","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE",null,"1. Resistant isolates are rare or not yet reported. The identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test result on any such isolate must be confirmed and the isolate sent to a reference laboratory.\n2. Daptomycin MICs must be determined in the presence of Ca2+ (50 mg/L in the medium for broth dilution methods; agar dilution methods have not been validated). Follow the manufacturers' instructions for commercial systems.\n3/B. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing is discouraged. For information on the use of fosfomycin iv in combination therapy, see https://www.eucast.org/eucastguidancedocuments/.\n4. Trimethoprim:sulfamethoxazole in the ratio 1:19. Breakpoints are expressed as the trimethoprim concentration.\n\nA. Use an MIC method.\n"]
["Colistin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Daptomycin1","12","12",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Fosfomycin iv","Note3","Note3",null,null,"NoteB","NoteB"]
["Fosfomycin oral","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Fusidic acid","1","1",null,"10","24","24"]
["Lefamulin, S. aureus","0.25","0.25",null,5,23,23]
["Metronidazole","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Nitrofurantoin (uncomplicated UTI only), S. saprophyticus",64,64,null,"100",13,13]
["Nitroxoline (uncomplicated UTI only), \nS. saprophyticus","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Rifampicin, S. aureus","0.06","0.06",null,"5","26",26]
["Rifampicin, Coagulase-negative staphylococci","0.06","0.06",null,"5","30",30]
["Spectinomycin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Trimethoprim (uncomplicated UTI only)","4","4",null,"5","14","14"]
["Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole4","2","4",null,"1.25-23.75","17","14"]
{"$rows_empty":13}
["Examples of inhibition zones for Staphylococcus aureus with benzylpenicillin."]
["a) Fuzzy zone edge (reduction of growth towards zone edge, like a \"beach\") and zone diameter ≥ 26 mm. Report susceptible."]
["b) Sharp zone edge (no reduction of growth towards zone edge, like a \"cliff\") and zone diameter ≥ 26 mm. Report resistant."]

{"sheet":"Enterococcus","index":11,"n_rows":161,"n_cols":9,"rows_kept":161,"merged":[[1,0,1,1],[1,3,1,6],[3,0,3,8],[5,0,5,5],[7,0,7,8],[9,0,10,0],[9,1,9,3],[9,4,10,4],[9,5,9,7],[9,8,10,8],[11,8,29,8],[32,0,33,0],[32,1,32,3],[32,4,33,4],[32,5,32,7],[32,8,33,8],[34,8,53,8],[56,0,57,0],[56,1,56,3],[56,4,57,4],[56,5,56,7],[56,8,57,8],[58,8,63,8],[66,0,67,0],[66,1,66,3],[66,4,67,4],[66,5,66,7],[66,8,67,8],[68,8,69,8],[72,0,73,0],[72,1,72,3],[72,4,73,4],[72,5,72,7],[72,8,73,8],[74,8,80,8],[83,0,84,0],[83,1,83,3],[83,4,84,4],[83,5,83,7],[83,8,84,8],[85,8,89,8],[92,0,93,0],[92,1,92,3],[92,4,93,4],[92,5,92,7],[92,8,93,8],[94,8,100,8],[103,0,104,0],[103,1,103,3],[103,4,104,4],[103,5,103,7],[103,8,104,8],[105,8,110,8],[113,0,114,0],[113,1,113,3],[113,4,114,4],[113,5,113,7],[113,8,114,8],[115,8,119,8],[122,0,123,0],[122,1,122,3],[122,4,123,4],[122,5,122,7],[122,8,123,8],[124,8,125,8],[128,0,129,0],[128,1,128,3],[128,4,129,4],[128,5,128,7],[128,8,129,8],[130,8,143,8]]}
["Enterococcus spp.",{"$nulls":7},"EUCAST Clinical Breakpoint Tables v. 15.0, valid from 2025-01-01"]
["Expert Rules and Expected Phenotypes",null,null,"Guidance documents",{"$nulls":4},"For abbreviations and explanations of breakpoints, see the Notes sheet"]
[]
["In endocarditis, refer to national or international endocarditis guidelines for breakpoints for Enterococcus spp."]
[]
["MIC determination (broth microdilution according to ISO standard 20776-1)\nMedium: Cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth\nInoculum: 5x105 CFU/mL\nIncubation: Sealed panels, air, 35±1ºC, 18±2h (for glycopeptides 24h)\nReading: Unless otherwise stated, read MICs at the lowest concentration of the agent that completely inhibits visible growth. See ”EUCAST Reading Guide for broth microdilution” for further information.\nQuality control: Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212. For agents not covered by this strain and for control of the inhibitor component of beta-lactam inhibitor combinations, see EUCAST QC Tables.\n",{"$nulls":7},"Disk diffusion (EUCAST standardised disk diffusion method)\nMedium: Mueller-Hinton agar\nInoculum: McFarland 0.5\nIncubation: Air, 35±1ºC, 18±2h (for glycopeptides 24h)\nReading: Unless otherwise stated, read zone edges as the point showing no growth viewed from the back of the plate against a dark background illuminated with reflected light (except for vancomycin, see below). See ”EUCAST Reading Guide for disk diffusion” for further information.\nQuality control: Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212. For agents not covered by this strain see EUCAST QC Tables."]
[]
["The Enterococcus genus includes several species besides those most commonly recovered from clinical samples, e.g. E. faecalis and E. faecium, namely E. avium, E. casseliflavus, E. durans, E. gallinarum, E. hirae, E. lactis, E. mundtii and E. raffinosus. Unless otherwise stated, breakpoints listed below are valid for all mentioned species."]
[]
["Penicillins","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Benzylpenicillin","-","-",null,null,"-","-",null,"1/B. Susceptibility can be inferred from ampicillin.\n2. The addition of a beta-lactamase inhibitor does not add clinical benefit. Beta-lactamase producing enterococci are extremely rare.\n3/C. Isolates susceptible to ampicillin are without phenotypically detectable resistance mechanisms and the specified agents can be used in high exposure in combination therapy (see Note 4/D). Isolates resistant to ampicillin can be reported resistant.\n4/D. For information on how to use breakpoints in brackets, see https://www.eucast.org/eucastguidancedocuments/.\n5. For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of tazobactam is fixed at 4 mg/L.\n\nA. For E. faecalis that test resistant to ampicillin with disk diffusion, confirm with an MIC test.\n"]
["Ampicillin iv ","4","4",null,"2","10A","10A"]
["Ampicillin-sulbactam iv2","Note1","Note1",null,null,"NoteB","NoteB"]
["Amoxicillin iv","41","41",null,null,"NoteB","NoteB"]
["Amoxicillin oral (uncomplicated UTI only)","41","41",null,null,"NoteB","NoteB"]
["Amoxicillin oral (other indications),\nE. faecalis","(0.001)3,4","(4)3,4",null,null,"NoteC,D","NoteC,D"]
["Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid iv2","Note1","Note1",null,null,"NoteB","NoteB"]
["Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid oral2 (uncomplicated UTI only)","Note1","Note1",null,null,"NoteB","NoteB"]
["Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid oral2 (other indications), E. faecalis","Note3,4","Note3,4",null,null,"NoteC,D","NoteC,D"]
["Piperacillin, E. faecalis","0.001","16",null,"30","50","18"]
["Piperacillin-tazobactam2, E. faecalis","0.0015","165",null,"30-6","50","18"]
["Ticarcillin-clavulanic acid","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Temocillin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Phenoxymethylpenicillin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Oxacillin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Cloxacillin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Dicloxacillin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Flucloxacillin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Mecillinam oral (pivmecillinam) (uncomplicated UTI only)","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
[]
[]
["Cephalosporins","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Cefaclor","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Cefadroxil","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Cefalexin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Cefazolin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Cefepime","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Cefepime-enmetazobactam","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Cefiderocol","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Cefixime","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Cefotaxime","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Cefoxitin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Cefpodoxime","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Ceftaroline","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Ceftazidime","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Ceftazidime-avibactam","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Ceftibuten","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Ceftobiprole","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Ceftolozane-tazobactam","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Ceftriaxone","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Cefuroxime iv","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Cefuroxime oral","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
[]
[]
["Carbapenems","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Doripenem","-","-",null,null,"-","-",null,"1/A. The addition of a beta-lactamase inhibitor does not add clinical benefit."]
["Ertapenem","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Imipenem, E. faecalis","0.001",4,null,"10",50,21]
["Imipenem-relebactam","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Meropenem","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Meropenem-vaborbactam","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
[]
[]
["Monobactams","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Aztreonam","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Aztreonam-avibactam","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
[]
[]
["Fluoroquinolones","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Ciprofloxacin (uncomplicated UTI only)",4,4,null,"5","15A","15A",null,"1/B. Moxifloxacin has been used in oral follow-up treatment of endocarditis caused by Enterococcus faecalis There are no clinical breakpoints but acquired resistance should be excluded (isolates with MIC >1 mg/L). The norfloxacin disk diffusion screen test can be used to exclude resistance mechanisms. When acquired resistance has been excluded, the isolate should be reported “devoid of fluoroquinolone resistance mechanisms”, but not as susceptible to moxifloxacin.  \n\nA. The norfloxacin disk diffusion test can be used to screen for fluoroquinolone resistance. See Note C.\nC. Susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin can be inferred from the norfloxacin disk diffusion screening test. For moxifloxacin, see comment 1/B. "]
["Delafloxacin","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Levofloxacin (uncomplicated UTI only)",4,4,null,"5","15A","15A"]
["Moxifloxacin","Note1","Note1",null,null,"NoteB","NoteB"]
["Nalidixic acid (screen only)","NA","NA",null,null,"NA","NA"]
["Norfloxacin (screen only)","NA","NA",null,"10","12C","12C"]
["Ofloxacin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
[]
[]
["Aminoglycosides1 ","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Amikacin","Note2","Note2",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA",null,"1. Enterococci are resistant to aminoglycosides when used in monotherapy. However, synergy with beta-lactams or glycopeptides is still likely if the isolate does not express an acquired aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme. \n\n2/A. Gentamicin can be used to screen for the presence of aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (high-level aminoglycoside resistance).\nNegative test: Isolates with gentamicin MIC ≤128 mg/L or a zone diameter ≥8 mm. The isolate is wild type for gentamicin (i.e. does not contain aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes). Therefore, synergy with penicillins or glycopeptides can be expected if the isolate is susceptible to the penicillin or glycopeptide. For other aminoglycosides, this may not be the case. \nPositive test: Isolates with gentamicin MIC >128 mg/L or a zone diameter <8 mm denote presence of aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes. Combinations between penicillins or glycopeptides and aminoglycosides will not be synergistic, except streptomycin which must be tested separately if required (see note 3/B).\n3/B. Isolates screening positive with gentamicin for aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes may still exhibit synergy with streptomycin. This can be screened for with streptomycin testing.\nNegative test: Isolates with streptomycin MIC ≤512 mg/L or a zone diameter ≥14 mm. The isolate is wild type for streptomycin and synergy with penicillins or glycopeptides can be expected if the isolate is susceptible to the penicillin or glycopeptide.\nPositive test: Isolates with streptomycin MIC >512 mg/L or a zone diameter <14 mm. Combinations between penicillins or glycopeptides and streptomycin will not be synergistic."]
["Gentamicin (test for acquired aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme)","Note2","Note2",null,"30","NoteA","NoteA"]
["Netilmicin","Note2","Note2",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Streptomycin (test for acquired aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme)","Note3","Note3",null,"300","NoteB","NoteB"]
["Tobramycin","Note2","Note2",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
[]
[]
["Glycopeptides and lipoglycopeptides","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Dalbavancin","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE",null,"1/A. Vancomycin resistance is the expected phenotype for E. casseliflavus and E. gallinarum and therefore susceptibility testing should not be performed.\n\nA. Vancomycin susceptible E. faecalis and E. faecium exhibit sharp zone edges and do not exhibit colonies in the inhibition zone. Examine zone edges with transmitted light (plate held up to light). If the zone edge is fuzzy, colonies grow within the zone  or if you are uncertain, then perform confirmatory testing with PCR or report resistant (see pictures below) even if the zone diameter is ≥ 12 mm. Isolates must not be reported susceptible before 24 h incubation."]
["Oritavancin","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Teicoplanin","2","2",null,"30",16,16]
["Telavancin","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Vancomycin, E. faecalis and E. faecium","4","4",null,5,"12A","12A"]
["Vancomycin, E. casseliflavus and E. gallinarum","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Vancomycin, other enterococci","4","4",null,5,15,15]
[]
[]
["Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Azithromycin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Clarithromycin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Erythromycin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Roxithromycin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Clindamycin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Quinupristin-dalfopristin, E. faecium",1,1,null,15,22,22]
[]
[]
["Tetracyclines","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Doxycycline","-","-",null,null,"-","-",null,"1. Resistant isolates are rare or not yet reported. The identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test result on any such isolate must be confirmed and the isolate sent to a reference laboratory.\n2. For tigecycline broth microdilution MIC determination, the medium must be prepared fresh on the day of use.\n"]
["Eravacycline","0.25","0.25",null,"20","22","22"]
["Minocycline","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Tetracycline","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Tigecycline1","0.52","0.52",null,15,20,20]
[]
[]
["Oxazolidinones","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Linezolid",4,4,null,10,20,20]
["Tedizolid","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
[]
[]
["Miscellaneous agents","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Chloramphenicol","-","-",null,null,"-","-",null,"1. For more information, see https://www.eucast.org/eucastguidancedocuments/.\n2/A. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing is discouraged. For information on the use of fosfomycin iv in combination therapy, see https://www.eucast.org/eucastguidancedocuments/.\n3/B. Lefamulin has insufficient activity against E. faecalis. For E. faecium, the ECOFF of 0.5 mg/L can be used to distinguish wild type from non-wild type isolates.\n4/C. The activity of trimethoprim and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is uncertain against enterococci, and it is not possible to predict clinical outcome. Isolates with MICs >1 mg/L most likely have resistance mechanisms against trimethoprim and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. For E. faecalis and E. faecium this corresponds to a zone diameter <21 mm for trimethoprim and <23 mm for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.\n5. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in the ratio 1:19. Breakpoints are expressed as the trimethoprim concentration.\n"]
["Colistin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Daptomycin1","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Fosfomycin iv","Note2","Note2",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Fosfomycin oral","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Fusidic acid","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Lefamulin","Note3","Note3",null,null,"NoteB","NoteB"]
["Metronidazole","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Nitrofurantoin (uncomplicated UTI only), E. faecalis",64,64,null,"100",15,15]
["Nitroxoline (uncomplicated UTI only)","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Rifampicin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Spectinomycin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Trimethoprim (uncomplicated UTI only)","Note4","Note4",null,"5","NoteC","NoteC"]
["Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole5","Note4","Note4",null,"1.25-23.75","NoteC","NoteC"]
{"$rows_empty":14}
["Examples of inhibition zones for Enterococcus faecalis and E. faecium with vancomycin."]
["a) Sharp zone edge and zone diameter ≥ 12 mm. Report susceptible."]
["b-d) Fuzzy zone edge or colonies within zone. Perform confirmatory testing with PCR or report resistant even if the zone diameter ≥ 12 mm."]

{"sheet":"Streptococcus A,B,C,G","index":12,"n_rows":136,"n_cols":9,"rows_kept":136,"merged":[[1,0,1,1],[1,3,1,6],[3,0,3,5],[5,0,5,8],[7,0,8,0],[7,1,7,3],[7,4,8,4],[7,5,7,7],[7,8,8,8],[9,8,24,8],[27,0,28,0],[27,1,27,3],[27,4,28,4],[27,5,27,7],[27,8,28,8],[29,8,48,8],[51,0,52,0],[51,1,51,3],[51,4,52,4],[51,5,51,7],[51,8,52,8],[53,8,58,8],[61,0,62,0],[61,1,61,3],[61,4,62,4],[61,5,61,7],[61,8,62,8],[63,8,64,8],[67,0,68,0],[67,1,67,3],[67,4,68,4],[67,5,67,7],[67,8,68,8],[69,8,75,8],[78,0,79,0],[78,1,78,3],[78,4,79,4],[78,5,78,7],[78,8,79,8],[80,8,83,8],[86,0,87,0],[86,1,86,3],[86,4,87,4],[86,5,86,7],[86,8,87,8],[88,8,92,8],[95,0,96,0],[95,1,95,3],[95,4,96,4],[95,5,95,7],[95,8,96,8],[97,8,102,8],[105,0,106,0],[105,1,105,3],[105,4,106,4],[105,5,105,7],[105,8,106,8],[107,8,111,8],[114,0,115,0],[114,1,114,3],[114,4,115,4],[114,5,114,7],[114,8,115,8],[116,8,117,8],[120,0,121,0],[120,1,120,3],[120,4,121,4],[120,5,120,7],[120,8,121,8],[122,8,135,8]]}
["Streptococcus groups A, B, C and G",{"$nulls":7},"EUCAST Clinical Breakpoint Tables v. 15.0, valid from 2025-01-01"]
["Expert Rules and Expected Phenotypes",null,null,"Guidance documents",{"$nulls":4},"For abbreviations and explanations of breakpoints, see the Notes sheet"]
[]
["MIC determination (broth microdilution according to ISO standard 20776-1)\nMedium: Cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth + 5% lysed horse blood and 20 mg/L β-NAD (MH-F broth)\nInoculum: 5x105 CFU/mL\nIncubation: Sealed panels, air, 35±1ºC, 18±2h (for glycopeptides 24h)\nReading: Unless otherwise stated, read MICs at the lowest concentration of the agent that completely inhibits visible growth. See ”EUCAST Reading Guide for broth microdilution” for further information.\nQuality control: Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 49619. For agents not covered by this strain, see EUCAST QC Tables.\n",{"$nulls":7},"Disk diffusion (EUCAST standardised disk diffusion method)\nMedium: Mueller-Hinton agar + 5% defibrinated horse blood and 20 mg/L β-NAD (MH-F)\nInoculum: McFarland 0.5\nIncubation: 5% CO2, 35±1ºC, 18±2h\nReading: Unless otherwise stated, read zone edges as the point showing no growth viewed from the front of the plate with the lid removed and with reflected light. See ”EUCAST Reading Guide for disk diffusion” for further information.\nQuality control: Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 49619. For agents not covered by this strain, see EUCAST QC Tables."]
[]
["This group of bacteria includes many species, which can be grouped as follows:\nGroup A: S. pyogenes \nGroup B: S. agalactiae \nGroup C: S. dysgalactiae (plus the more rarely isolated S. equi) \nGroup G: S. dysgalactiae and S. canis\nS. dysgalactiae includes the subspecies equisimilis and dysgalactiae, S. equi includes the subspecies equi and zooepidemicus."]
[]
["Penicillins1","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Benzylpenicillin2, Streptococcus groups A, C and G","0.03","0.03",null,"1 unit",23,23,null,"1/A. The susceptibility of streptococcus groups A, B, C and G to penicillins is inferred from the benzylpenicillin susceptibility (indications other than meningitis) with the exception of phenoxymethylpenicillin and isoxazolylpenicillins for streptococcus group B, where there is insufficient evidence for clinical efficacy.\n2. Resistant isolates are rare or not yet reported. The identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test result on any such isolate must be confirmed and the isolate sent to a reference laboratory.\n3. The addition of a beta-lactamase inhibitor does not add clinical benefit."]
["Benzylpenicillin2,  \nS. agalactiae (group B streptococci)","0.125","0.125",null,"1 unit",18,18]
["Ampicillin","Note1","Note1",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Ampicillin-sulbactam3","Note1","Note1",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Amoxicillin","Note1","Note1",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid3","Note1","Note1",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Piperacillin","Note1","Note1",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Piperacillin-tazobactam3","Note1","Note1",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Ticarcillin-clavulanic acid","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Temocillin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Phenoxymethylpenicillin\nStreptococcus groups A, C and G","Note1","Note1",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Oxacillin \nStreptococcus groups A, C and G","Note1","Note1",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Cloxacillin\nStreptococcus groups A, C and G","Note1","Note1",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Dicloxacillin\nStreptococcus groups A, C and G","Note1","Note1",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Flucloxacillin \nStreptococcus groups A, C and G","Note1","Note1",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Mecillinam oral (pivmecillinam) (uncomplicated UTI only)","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
[]
[]
["Cephalosporins1","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Cefaclor","Note1","Note1",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA",null,"1/A. The susceptibility of streptococcus groups A, B, C and G to cephalosporins is inferred from the benzylpenicillin susceptibility.\n2/B. The addition of a beta-lactamase inhibitor does not add clinical benefit."]
["Cefadroxil","Note1","Note1",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Cefalexin","Note1","Note1",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Cefazolin","Note1","Note1",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Cefepime","Note1","Note1",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Cefepime-enmetazobactam2","Note2","Note2",null,null,"NoteB","NoteB"]
["Cefiderocol","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Cefixime","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Cefotaxime","Note1","Note1",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Cefoxitin","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Cefpodoxime","Note1","Note1",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Ceftaroline","Note1","Note1",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Ceftazidime","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Ceftazidime-avibactam","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Ceftibuten","Note1","Note1",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Ceftobiprole","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Ceftolozane-tazobactam2","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Ceftriaxone","Note1","Note1",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Cefuroxime iv","Note1","Note1",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Cefuroxime oral","Note1","Note1",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
[]
[]
["Carbapenems1","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Doripenem","Note1","Note1",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA",null,"1/A. The susceptibility of streptococcus groups A, B, C and G to carbapenems is inferred from the benzylpenicillin susceptibility.\n2/B. The addition of a beta-lactamase inhibitor does not add clinical benefit."]
["Ertapenem","Note1","Note1",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Imipenem","Note1","Note1",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Imipenem-relebactam2","Note2","Note2",null,null,"NoteB","NoteB"]
["Meropenem","Note1","Note1",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Meropenem-vaborbactam2","Note2","Note2",null,null,"NoteB","NoteB"]
[]
[]
["Monobactams","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Aztreonam","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Aztreonam-avibactam","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
[]
[]
["Fluoroquinolones","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Ciprofloxacin","-","-",null,null,"-","-",null,"A. A disk diffusion test awaits action from the responsible pharmaceutical company.\nB. The norfloxacin disk diffusion test can be used to screen for fluoroquinolone resistance. See Note C.\nC. Isolates categorised as screen negative can be reported susceptible to moxifloxacin and as \"susceptible increased exposure\" (I) to levofloxacin. Isolates categorised as screen positive should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents or reported resistant."]
["Delafloxacin","0.03","0.03",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Levofloxacin","0.001","2",null,"5","50B","17B"]
["Moxifloxacin","0.5","0.5",null,"5","19B","19B"]
["Nalidixic acid (screen only)","NA","NA",null,null,"NA","NA"]
["Norfloxacin (screen only)","NA","NA",null,"10","12C","12C"]
["Ofloxacin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
[]
[]
["Aminoglycosides","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Amikacin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Gentamicin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Netilmicin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Tobramycin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
[]
[]
["Glycopeptides and lipoglycopeptides","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Dalbavancin1","0.1252,3","0.1252",null,null,"NoteA ","NoteA ",null,"1. Resistant isolates are rare or not yet reported. The identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test result on any such isolate must be confirmed and the isolate sent to a reference laboratory.\n2. MICs must be determined in the presence of polysorbate-80 (0.002% in the medium for broth dilution methods; agar dilution methods have not been validated). Follow the manufacturers' instructions for commercial systems.\n3. Isolates susceptible to vancomycin can be reported susceptible to dalbavancin and oritavancin.\n\nA. Disk diffusion criteria have not been defined and an MIC method should be used.\nB. Non-wild type isolates were not available when developing the disk diffusion method."]
["Oritavancin1","0.252,3","0.252",null,null,"NoteA ","NoteA "]
["Teicoplanin1",2,2,null,"30","15B","15B"]
["Telavancin","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Vancomycin1",2,2,null,"5","13B","13B"]
[]
[]
["Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Azithromycin","0.251","0.251",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA",null,"1/A. Erythromycin can be used to screen for macrolide resistance in Streptococcus groups A, B, C and G. Isolates categorised as susceptible can be reported susceptible to azithromycin, clarithromycin and roxithromycin. Isolates categorised as resistant should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents or reported resistant.\n2. Inducible clindamycin resistance can be detected by antagonism of clindamycin activity by a macrolide agent. If not detected, then report as tested according to the clinical breakpoints. If detected, then report as resistant and consider adding this comment to the report: \"Clindamycin may still be used for short-term therapy of less serious skin and soft tissue infections as constitutive resistance is unlikely to develop during such therapy\". The clinical importance of inducible clindamycin resistance in combination treatment of severe S. pyogenes infections is not known.\n\nB. Place the erythromycin and clindamycin disks 12-16 mm apart (edge to edge) and look for antagonism (the D phenomenon) to detect inducible clindamycin resistance."]
["Clarithromycin","0.251","0.251",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Erythromycin","0.251","0.251",null,"15","21A","21A"]
["Roxithromycin","0.51","0.51",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Clindamycin2","0.5","0.5",null,"2","17B","17B"]
["Quinupristin-dalfopristin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
[]
[]
["Tetracyclines","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Doxycycline","11","11",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA",null,"1/A. Tetracycline can be used to screen for resistance in tetracycline agents. Isolates categorised as susceptible can be reported susceptible to doxycycline and minocycline. Isolates categorised as resistant should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents or reported resistant.\n2. Resistant isolates are rare or not yet reported. The identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test result on any such isolate must be confirmed and the isolate sent to a reference laboratory.\n3. For tigecycline broth microdilution MIC determination, the medium must be prepared fresh on the day of use.\n"]
["Eravacycline","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Minocycline","0.51","0.51",null,"30","23A","23A"]
["Tetracycline","11","11",null,30,"23A","23A"]
["Tigecycline2","0.1253","0.1253",null,"15","19","19"]
[]
[]
["Oxazolidinones","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Linezolid1",2,2,null,10,19,19,null,"1. Resistant isolates are rare or not yet reported. The identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test result on any such isolate must be confirmed and the isolate sent to a reference laboratory.\n2/A. Isolates susceptible to linezolid can be reported susceptible to tedizolid."]
["Tedizolid1","0.52","0.5",null,2,"18A","18A"]
[]
[]
["Miscellaneous agents","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Chloramphenicol","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE",null,"1. Resistant isolates are rare or not yet reported. The identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test result on any such isolate must be confirmed and the isolate sent to a reference laboratory.\n2. Daptomycin MICs must be determined in the presence of Ca2+ (50 mg/L in the medium for broth dilution methods; agar dilution methods have not been validated). Follow the manufacturers' instructions for commercial systems.\n3/B. The activity of trimethoprim is uncertain against S. agalactiae and it is not possible to predict clinical outcome. The ECOFF to categorise isolates as wild type or non-wild type is 2 mg/L.\n4. Trimethoprim:sulfamethoxazole in the ratio 1:19. Breakpoints are expressed as the trimethoprim concentration.\n\nA. Use an MIC method."]
["Colistin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Daptomycin1","12","12",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Fosfomycin iv","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Fosfomycin oral","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Fusidic acid","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Lefamulin","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Metronidazole","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Nitrofurantoin (uncomplicated UTI only), \nS. agalactiae (group B streptococci)",64,64,null,"100",15,15]
["Nitroxoline (uncomplicated UTI only)","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Rifampicin","0.25","0.25",null,"5","21","21"]
["Spectinomycin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Trimethoprim (uncomplicated UTI only), S. agalactiae (group B streptococci)","Note3","Note3",null,null,"NoteB","NoteB"]
["Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole4","1","2",null,"1.25-23.75","18","15"]

{"sheet":"S.pneumoniae","index":13,"n_rows":142,"n_cols":9,"rows_kept":142,"merged":[[1,0,1,1],[1,3,1,6],[3,0,3,5],[5,0,6,0],[5,1,5,3],[5,4,6,4],[5,5,5,7],[5,8,6,8],[7,8,27,8],[30,0,31,0],[30,1,30,3],[30,4,31,4],[30,5,30,7],[30,8,31,8],[32,8,53,8],[56,0,57,0],[56,1,56,3],[56,4,57,4],[56,5,56,7],[56,8,57,8],[58,8,64,8],[67,0,68,0],[67,1,67,3],[67,4,68,4],[67,5,67,7],[67,8,68,8],[69,8,70,8],[73,0,74,0],[73,1,73,3],[73,4,74,4],[73,5,73,7],[73,8,74,8],[75,8,81,8],[84,0,85,0],[84,1,84,3],[84,4,85,4],[84,5,84,7],[84,8,85,8],[86,8,89,8],[92,0,93,0],[92,1,92,3],[92,4,93,4],[92,5,92,7],[92,8,93,8],[94,8,98,8],[101,0,102,0],[101,1,101,3],[101,4,102,4],[101,5,101,7],[101,8,102,8],[103,8,108,8],[111,0,112,0],[111,1,111,3],[111,4,112,4],[111,5,111,7],[111,8,112,8],[113,8,117,8],[120,0,121,0],[120,1,120,3],[120,4,121,4],[120,5,120,7],[120,8,121,8],[122,8,123,8],[126,0,127,0],[126,1,126,3],[126,4,127,4],[126,5,126,7],[126,8,127,8],[128,8,141,8]]}
["Streptococcus pneumoniae",{"$nulls":7},"EUCAST Clinical Breakpoint Tables v. 15.0, valid from 2025-01-01"]
["Expert Rules and Expected Phenotypes",null,null,"Guidance documents",{"$nulls":4},"For abbreviations and explanations of breakpoints, see the Notes sheet"]
[]
["MIC determination (broth microdilution according to ISO standard 20776-1)\nMedium: Cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth + 5% lysed horse blood and 20 mg/L β-NAD (MH-F broth)\nInoculum: 5x105 CFU/mL\nIncubation: Sealed panels, air, 35±1ºC, 18±2h (for glycopeptides 24h)\nReading: Unless otherwise stated, read MICs at the lowest concentration of the agent that completely inhibits visible growth. See ”EUCAST Reading Guide for broth microdilution” for further information.\nQuality control: Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 49619. For agents not covered by this strain, see EUCAST QC Tables.\n",{"$nulls":7},"Disk diffusion (EUCAST standardised disk diffusion method)\nMedium: Mueller-Hinton agar + 5% defibrinated horse blood and 20 mg/L β-NAD (MH-F)\nInoculum: McFarland 0.5 from blood agar or McFarland 1.0 from chocolate agar\nIncubation: 5% CO2, 35±1ºC, 18±2h\nReading: Unless otherwise stated, read zone edges as the point showing no growth viewed from the front of the plate with the lid removed and with reflected light. See ”EUCAST Reading Guide for disk diffusion” for further information.\nQuality control: Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 49619. For agents not covered by this strain, see EUCAST QC Tables."]
[]
["Penicillins1","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Benzylpenicillin (indications other than endocarditis and meningitis)","0.06",1,null,"1 unitA","NoteA,B","NoteA,B",null,"1/B. The oxacillin 1 µg disk diffusion screening test or a benzylpenicillin MIC test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (oxacillin zone diameter ≥20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC ≤0.06 mg/L) all beta-lactam agents for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note” can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for cefaclor, which if reported, should be reported as “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (zone diameter <20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC >0.06 mg/L), see flow chart below.\n2. For breakpoints and dosing in pneumonia, see table of dosages.\n2. The addition of a beta-lactamase inhibitor does not add clinical benefit.\n3/C. Susceptibility inferred from ampicillin (indications other than endocarditis and meningitis).\n4. For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of clavulanic acid is fixed at 2 mg/L.\n\nA. Read and interpret the benzylpenicillin disk only for isolates with oxacillin 1 µg zone diameters <20 mm. If benzylpenicillin zone ≥14 mm, report benzylpenicillin “susceptible, increased exposure” (I), If zone <14 mm, report benzylpenicillin resistant (R), see flow chart below. \nD. For interpretation of the oxacillin disk screen, see flow chart below."]
["Benzylpenicillin (endocarditis and meningitis)","0.06","0.06",null,null,"NoteB","NoteB"]
["Ampicillin (indications other than endocarditis and meningitis)","0.5",1,null,2,22,19]
["Ampicillin iv (endocarditis and meningitis)","0.5","0.5",null,null,"NoteB","NoteB"]
["Ampicillin-sulbactam2","Note1,3","Note1,3",null,null,"NoteB,C","NoteB,C"]
["Amoxicillin iv (indications other than endocarditis and meningitis)","Note1,3","Note1,3",null,null,"NoteB,C","NoteB,C"]
["Amoxicillin iv (endocarditis and meningitis)","0.5","0.5",null,null,"NoteB","NoteB"]
["Amoxicillin oral","0.5",1,null,null,"NoteB,C","NoteB,C"]
["Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid iv2","Note1,3","Note1,3",null,null,"NoteB,C","NoteB,C"]
["Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid oral2","0.54","14",null,null,"NoteB,C","NoteB,C"]
["Piperacillin","Note1,3","Note1,3",null,null,"NoteB,C","NoteB,C"]
["Piperacillin-tazobactam2","Note1,3","Note1,3",null,null,"NoteB,C","NoteB,C"]
["Ticarcillin-clavulanic acid","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Temocillin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Phenoxymethylpenicillin","Note1","Note1",null,null,"NoteB","NoteB"]
["Oxacillin (screen only)1","NA","NA",null,1,"20D","20D"]
["Oxacillin","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Cloxacillin","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Dicloxacillin","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Flucloxacillin","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Mecillinam oral (pivmecillinam) (uncomplicated UTI only)","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
[]
[]
["Cephalosporins1","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Cefaclor","0.001","0.5",null,"30",50,28,null,"1/A. The oxacillin 1 µg disk diffusion screening test or a benzylpenicillin MIC test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (oxacillin zone diameter ≥20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC ≤0.06 mg/L) all beta-lactam agents for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note” can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for cefaclor, which if reported, should be reported as “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (oxacillin zone diameter <20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC >0.06 mg/L), see flow chart below.\n2/B. The addition of a beta-lactamase inhibitor does not add clinical benefit."]
["Cefadroxil","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Cefalexin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Cefazolin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Cefepime",1,"2",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Cefepime-enmetazobactam2","Note2","Note2",null,null,"NoteB","NoteB"]
["Cefiderocol","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Cefixime","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Cefotaxime (indications other than endocarditis and meningitis)","0.5","2",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Cefotaxime (endocarditis and meningitis)","0.5","0.5",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Cefoxitin","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Cefpodoxime","0.25","0.25",null,null,"NoteA ","NoteA"]
["Ceftaroline","0.25","0.25",null,null,"NoteA ","NoteA"]
["Ceftazidime","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Ceftazidime-avibactam","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Ceftibuten","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Ceftobiprole","0.5","0.5",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Ceftolozane-tazobactam","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Ceftriaxone (indications other than endocarditis and meningitis)","0.5","2",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Ceftriaxone (endocarditis and meningitis)","0.5","0.5",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Cefuroxime iv","0.5","1",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Cefuroxime oral","0.25","0.25",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
[]
[]
["Carbapenems1,2","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Doripenem",1,1,null,null,"NoteA","NoteA",null,"1/A. The oxacillin 1 µg disk diffusion screening test or a benzylpenicillin MIC test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (oxacillin zone diameter ≥20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC ≤0.06 mg/L) all beta-lactam agents for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note” can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for cefaclor, which if reported, should be reported as “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (oxacillin zone diameter <20 mm, or benzylpenicillin MIC >0.06 mg/L), see flow chart below.\n2. Meropenem is the only carbapenem used for meningitis.\n3/B. The addition of a beta-lactamase inhibitor does not add clinical benefit."]
["Ertapenem","0.5","0.5",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Imipenem",2,"2",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Imipenem-relebactam3","Note3","Note3",null,null,"NoteB","NoteB"]
["Meropenem (indications other than meningitis)",2,"2",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Meropenem (meningitis)","0.25","0.25",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Meropenem-vaborbactam3","Note3","Note3",null,null,"NoteB","NoteB"]
[" "]
[]
["Monobactams","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Aztreonam","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Aztreonam-avibactam","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
[]
[]
["Fluoroquinolones","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Ciprofloxacin","-","-",null,null,"-","-",null,"A. The norfloxacin disk diffusion test can be used to screen for fluoroquinolone resistance. See Note B.\nB.  Isolates categorised as screen negative can be reported susceptible to moxifloxacin and as \"susceptible increased exposure\" (I) to levofloxacin. Isolates categorised as screen positive should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents or reported resistant."]
["Delafloxacin","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Levofloxacin","0.001","2",null,"5","50A","16A"]
["Moxifloxacin","0.5","0.5",null,"5","22A","22A"]
["Nalidixic acid (screen only)","NA","NA",null,null,"NA","NA"]
["Norfloxacin (screen only)","NA","NA",null,"10","10B","10B"]
["Ofloxacin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
[]
[]
["Aminoglycosides","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Amikacin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Gentamicin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Netilmicin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Tobramycin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
[]
[]
["Glycopeptides and lipoglycopeptides","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Dalbavancin","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE",null,"1. Resistant isolates are rare or not yet reported. The identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test result on any such isolate must be confirmed and the isolate sent to a reference laboratory.\n\nA. Non-wild type isolates were not available when developing the disk diffusion method."]
["Oritavancin","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Teicoplanin1",2,"2",null,"30","17A","17A"]
["Telavancin","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Vancomycin1",2,"2",null,"5","16A","16A"]
[]
[]
["Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Azithromycin","0.251","0.251",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA",null,"1/A. Erythromycin can be used to screen for macrolide resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Isolates categorised as susceptible can be reported susceptible to azithromycin, clarithromycin and roxithromycin. Isolates categorised as resistant should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents or reported resistant.\n2. Inducible clindamycin resistance can be detected by antagonism of clindamycin activity by a macrolide agent. If not detected, then report as tested according to the clinical breakpoints. If detected, then report as resistant.\n\nB. Place the erythromycin and clindamycin disks 12-16 mm apart (edge to edge) and look for antagonism (the D phenomenon) to detect inducible clindamycin resistance."]
["Clarithromycin","0.251","0.251",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Erythromycin","0.251","0.251",null,"15","22A","22A"]
["Roxithromycin","0.51","0.51",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Clindamycin2","0.5","0.5",null,"2","19B","19B"]
["Quinupristin-dalfopristin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
[]
[]
["Tetracyclines","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Doxycycline","11","11",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA",null,"1/A. Tetracycline can be used to screen for resistance in tetracycline agents. Isolates categorised as susceptible can be reported susceptible to doxycycline and minocycline. Isolates categorised as resistant should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents or reported resistant."]
["Eravacycline","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Minocycline","0.51","0.51",null,"30","24A","24A"]
["Tetracycline","11","11",null,30,"25A","25A"]
["Tigecycline","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
[]
[]
["Oxazolidinones","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Linezolid","2",2,null,10,22,22]
["Tedizolid","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
[]
[]
["Miscellaneous agents","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Chloramphenicol1","Note1","Note1",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA",null,"1/A. Efficacy for this species is uncertain. ECOFFs can be used to distinguish wild-type isolates from isolates with acquired resistance (MIC >8 mg/L; zone diameter <21 mm for the chloramphenicol 30 µg disk). For chloramphenicol treatment in meningitis, see table of dosages.\n2. Trimethoprim:sulfamethoxazole in the ratio 1:19. Breakpoints are expressed as the trimethoprim concentration.\n"]
["Colistin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Daptomycin","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Fosfomycin iv","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Fosfomycin oral","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Fusidic acid","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Lefamulin","0.5","0.5",null,5,12,12]
["Metronidazole","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Nitrofurantoin (uncomplicated UTI only)","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Nitroxoline (uncomplicated UTI only)","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Rifampicin","0.125","0.125",null,"5","22",22]
["Spectinomycin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Trimethoprim (uncomplicated UTI only)","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole2","1","2",null,"1.25-23.75",13,10]

{"sheet":"Viridans group streptococci","index":14,"n_rows":142,"n_cols":9,"rows_kept":142,"merged":[[1,0,1,1],[1,3,1,6],[3,0,3,8],[5,0,5,5],[7,0,7,8],[9,0,10,0],[9,1,9,3],[9,4,10,4],[9,5,9,7],[9,8,10,8],[11,8,30,8],[33,0,34,0],[33,1,33,3],[33,4,34,4],[33,5,33,7],[33,8,34,8],[35,8,54,8],[57,0,58,0],[57,1,57,3],[57,4,58,4],[57,5,57,7],[57,8,58,8],[59,8,64,8],[67,0,68,0],[67,1,67,3],[67,4,68,4],[67,5,67,7],[67,8,68,8],[69,8,70,8],[73,0,74,0],[73,1,73,3],[73,4,74,4],[73,5,73,7],[73,8,74,8],[75,8,81,8],[84,0,85,0],[84,1,84,3],[84,4,85,4],[84,5,84,7],[84,8,85,8],[86,8,89,8],[92,0,93,0],[92,1,92,3],[92,4,93,4],[92,5,92,7],[92,8,93,8],[94,8,98,8],[101,0,102,0],[101,1,101,3],[101,4,102,4],[101,5,101,7],[101,8,102,8],[103,8,108,8],[111,0,112,0],[111,1,111,3],[111,4,112,4],[111,5,111,7],[111,8,112,8],[113,8,117,8],[120,0,121,0],[120,1,120,3],[120,4,121,4],[120,5,120,7],[120,8,121,8],[122,8,123,8],[126,0,127,0],[126,1,126,3],[126,4,127,4],[126,5,126,7],[126,8,127,8],[128,8,141,8]]}
["Viridans group streptococci",{"$nulls":7},"EUCAST Clinical Breakpoint Tables v. 15.0, valid from 2025-01-01"]
["Expert Rules and Expected Phenotypes",null,null,"Guidance documents",{"$nulls":4},"For abbreviations and explanations of breakpoints, see the Notes sheet"]
[]
["In endocarditis, refer to national or international endocarditis guidelines for breakpoints for viridans group streptococci."]
[]
["MIC determination (broth microdilution according to ISO standard 20776-1)\nMedium: Cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth + 5% lysed horse blood and 20 mg/L β-NAD (MH-F broth)\nInoculum: 5x105 CFU/mL\nIncubation: Sealed panels, air, 35±1ºC, 18±2h (for glycopeptides 24h)\nReading: Unless otherwise stated, read MICs at the lowest concentration of the agent that completely inhibits visible growth. See ”EUCAST Reading Guide for broth microdilution” for further information.\nQuality control: Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 49619. For agents not covered by this strain, see EUCAST QC Tables.\n",{"$nulls":7},"Disk diffusion (EUCAST standardised disk diffusion method)\nMedium: Mueller-Hinton agar + 5% defibrinated horse blood and 20 mg/L β-NAD (MH-F)\nInoculum: McFarland 0.5\nIncubation: 5% CO2, 35±1ºC, 18±2h\nReading: Unless otherwise stated, read zone edges as the point showing no growth viewed from the front of the plate with the lid removed and with reflected light. See ”EUCAST Reading Guide for disk diffusion” for further information.\nQuality control: Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 49619. For agents not covered by this strain, see EUCAST QC Tables."]
[]
["This group of bacteria includes many species, which can be grouped as follows:\nS. anginosus group: S. anginosus, S. constellatus, S. intermedius\nS. mitis group: S. australis, S. cristatus, S. infantis, S. massiliensis, S. mitis, S. oligofermentans, S. oralis, S. peroris, S. pseudopneumoniae, S. sinensis\nS. sanguinis group: S. sanguinis, S. parasanguinis, S. gordonii\nS. bovis group: S. equinus, S. gallolyticus (S. bovis), S. infantarius, S. lutetiensis, S. pasteurianus\nS. salivarius group: S. salivarius, S. vestibularis, S. thermophilus\nS. mutans group: S. mutans, S. sobrinus"]
[]
["Penicillins","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Benzylpenicillin (screen only)","0.251","0.251",null,"1 unit","21A","21A",null,"1/A. Benzylpenicillin (MIC or disk diffusion) can be used to screen for beta-lactam resistance in viridans group streptococci. Isolates categorised as screen negative can be reported susceptible to beta-lactam agents for which clinical breakpoints are listed (including those with “Note”). Isolates categorised as screen positive should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents or reported resistant.\n2/B. For information on how to use breakpoints in brackets, see https://www.eucast.org/eucastguidancedocuments/.\n3. The addition of a beta-lactamase inhibitor does not add clinical benefit.\n4/C. For benzylpenicillin screen negative isolates, susceptibility can be inferred from benzylpenicillin or ampicillin. For benzylpenicillin screen positive isolates, susceptibility is inferred from ampicillin.\nD. Susceptibility can be inferred from the benzylpenicillin screen test or from \"Ampicillin iv (endocarditis)\". "]
["Benzylpenicillin (indications other than endocarditis)","0.25",1,null,"1 unit",21,"12"]
["Benzylpenicillin (endocarditis)","0.25","0.25",null,null,21,21]
["Benzylpenicillin (endocarditis, in combination with other antimicrobial treatment)","(1)2","(1)2",null,null,"(12)B","(12)B"]
["Ampicillin (indications other than endocarditis)","0.5","2",null,"2","21","15"]
["Ampicillin iv (endocarditis)","0.5","0.5",null,"2","21","21"]
["Ampicillin-sulbactam3","Note1,4","Note1,4",null,null,"NoteA,C","NoteA,C"]
["Amoxicillin (indications other than endocarditis)","0.5","2",null,null,"NoteA,C","NoteA,C"]
["Amoxicillin iv (endocarditis)","0.5","0.5",null,null,"NoteA,D","NoteA,D"]
["Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid3","Note1,4","Note1,4",null,null,"NoteA,C","NoteA,C"]
["Piperacillin","Note1,4","Note1,4",null,null,"NoteA,C","NoteA,C"]
["Piperacillin-tazobactam3","Note1,4","Note1,4",null,null,"NoteA,C","NoteA,C"]
["Ticarcillin-clavulanic acid3","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Temocillin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Phenoxymethylpenicillin","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Oxacillin","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Cloxacillin","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Dicloxacillin","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Flucloxacillin","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Mecillinam oral (pivmecillinam) (uncomplicated UTI only)","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
[]
[]
["Cephalosporins","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Cefaclor","-","-",null,null,"-","-",null,"1. The addition of a beta-lactamase inhibitor does not add clinical benefit.\n\nA. Benzylpenicillin (MIC or disk diffusion) can be used to screen for beta-lactam resistance in viridans group streptococci. See Note 1/A on penicillins."]
["Cefadroxil","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Cefalexin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Cefazolin","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Cefepime","0.5","0.5",null,"30","25A","25A"]
["Cefepime-enmetazobactam1","Note1","Note1",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Cefiderocol","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Cefixime","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Cefotaxime","0.5","0.5",null,"5","23A","23A"]
["Cefoxitin","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Cefpodoxime","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Ceftaroline","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Ceftazidime","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Ceftazidime-avibactam","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Ceftibuten","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Ceftobiprole","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Ceftolozane-tazobactam1, S. anginosus group","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Ceftriaxone","0.5","0.5",null,"30","27A","27A"]
["Cefuroxime iv","0.5","0.5",null,"30","26A","26A"]
["Cefuroxime oral","-","-",null," ","-","-"]
[]
[]
["Carbapenems","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Doripenem",1,1,null,null,"NoteA","NoteA",null,"1. For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of relebactam is fixed at 4 mg/L. \n2/B. The addition of a beta-lactamase inhibitor does not add clinical benefit.\n\nA. Benzylpenicillin (MIC or disk diffusion) can be used to screen for beta-lactam resistance in viridans group streptococci. See Note 1/A on penicillins."]
["Ertapenem","0.5","0.5",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Imipenem",2,"2",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Imipenem-relebactam2","21","21",null,null,"NoteA,B","NoteA,B"]
["Meropenem",2,"2",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Meropenem-vaborbactam2","Note2","Note2",null,null,"NoteB","NoteB"]
[]
[]
["Monobactams","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Aztreonam","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Aztreonam-avibactam","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
[]
[]
["Fluoroquinolones","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Ciprofloxacin","-","-",null,null,"-","-",null,"1/B. Moxifloxacin has been used in oral follow-up treatment of endocarditis caused by viridans group streptococci. There are no clinical breakpoints but acquired resistance (isolates with MIC >0.5 mg/L; zone diameter <21 mm for the moxifloxacin 5 µg disk) should be excluded. When acquired resistance has been excluded, the isolate should be reported “devoid of fluoroquinolone resistance mechanisms”, but not as susceptible to moxifloxacin.\n\nA. A disk diffusion test awaits action from the responsible pharmaceutical company."]
["Delafloxacin, S. anginosus group","0.03","0.03",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Levofloxacin","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Moxifloxacin","Note1","Note1",null,null,"NoteB","NoteB"]
["Nalidixic acid (screen only)","NA","NA",null,null,"NA","NA"]
["Norfloxacin (uncomplicated UTI only)","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Ofloxacin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
[]
[]
["Aminoglycosides1","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Amikacin","Note2","Note2",null,null,"-","-",null,"1. Viridans group streptococci are resistant to aminoglycosides when used in monotherapy. However, synergy with beta-lactams or glycopeptides is still likely if the isolate does not express an acquired aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme.\n2. Gentamicin can be used to screen for the presence of aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (high-level aminoglycoside resistance).\nNegative test: Isolates with gentamicin MIC ≤128 mg/L. The isolate is wild type for gentamicin (i.e. does not contain aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes). Therefore, synergy with penicillins or glycopeptides can be expected if the isolate is susceptible to the penicillin or glycopeptide.\nPositive test: Isolates with gentamicin MIC >128 mg/L denote presence of aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes. Combinations between penicillins or glycopeptides and aminoglycosides will not be synergistic."]
["Gentamicin (test for acquired aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme)","Note2","Note2",null,null,"-","-"]
["Netilmicin","Note2","Note2",null,null,"-","-"]
["Tobramycin","Note2","Note2",null,null,"-","-"]
[]
[]
["Glycopeptides and lipoglycopeptides","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Dalbavancin1, S. anginosus group","0.1252,3","0.1252",null,null,"NoteA ","NoteA ",null,"1. Resistant isolates are rare or not yet reported. The identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test result on any such isolate must be confirmed and the isolate sent to a reference laboratory.\n2. MICs must be determined in the presence of polysorbate-80 (0.002% in the medium for broth dilution methods; agar dilution methods have not been validated). Follow the manufacturers' instructions for commercial systems.\n3. Isolates susceptible to vancomycin can be reported susceptible to dalbavancin and oritavancin.\n\nA. Disk diffusion criteria have not been defined and an MIC method should be used.\nB. Non-wild type isolates were not available when developing the disk diffusion method.\n"]
["Oritavancin1, S. anginosus group","0.252,3","0.252",null,null,"NoteA ","NoteA "]
["Teicoplanin1",2,"2",null,"30","16B","16B"]
["Telavancin","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Vancomycin1",2,"2",null,"5","15B","15B"]
[]
[]
["Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Azithromycin","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE",null,"1. Inducible clindamycin resistance can be detected by antagonism of clindamycin activity by a macrolide agent. If not detected, then report as tested according to the clinical breakpoints. If detected, then report as resistant.\n\nA. Place the erythromycin and clindamycin disks 12-16 mm apart (edge to edge) and look for antagonism (the D phenomenon) to detect inducible clindamycin resistance."]
["Clarithromycin","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Erythromycin","IE","IE",null,"15","IE","IE"]
["Roxithromycin","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Clindamycin1","0.5","0.5",null,"2"," 19A"," 19A"]
["Quinupristin-dalfopristin","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
[]
[]
["Tetracyclines","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Doxycycline","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Eravacycline","0.125","0.125",null,"20","17","17"]
["Minocycline","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Tetracycline","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Tigecycline","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
[]
[]
["Oxazolidinones","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Linezolid","IE1","IE1",null,null,"IE","IE",null,"1. Linezolid has been used in oral follow-up treatment of endocarditis caused by viridans group streptococci. There are no clinical breakpoints but acquired resistance (isolates with MIC >2 mg/L) should be excluded. When excluded, the isolate should be reported “devoid of linezolid resistance mechanisms”, but not as susceptible to linezolid."]
["Tedizolid, S. anginosus group","0.5","0.5",null,2,18,18]
[]
[]
["Miscellaneous agents","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Chloramphenicol","-","-",null,null,"-","-",null,"1/A. Rifampicin has been used in oral follow-up treatment of endocarditis caused by viridans group streptococci. There are no clinical breakpoints but acquired resistance (isolates with MIC >0.25 mg/L; zone diameter <21 mm for the rifampicin 5 µg disk) should be excluded. When excluded, the isolate should be reported “devoid of rifampicin resistance mechanisms”, but not as susceptible to rifampicin."]
["Colistin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Daptomycin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Fosfomycin iv","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Fosfomycin oral","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Fusidic acid","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Lefamulin","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Metronidazole","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Nitrofurantoin (uncomplicated UTI only)","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Nitroxoline (uncomplicated UTI only)","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Rifampicin","Note1","Note1",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Spectinomycin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Trimethoprim (uncomplicated UTI only)","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]

{"sheet":"H.influenzae","index":15,"n_rows":157,"n_cols":9,"rows_kept":157,"merged":[[1,0,1,1],[1,3,1,6],[3,0,3,5],[5,0,5,8],[7,0,8,0],[7,1,7,3],[7,4,8,4],[7,5,7,7],[7,8,8,8],[9,8,28,8],[31,0,32,0],[31,1,31,3],[31,4,32,4],[31,5,31,7],[31,8,32,8],[33,8,52,8],[55,0,56,0],[55,1,55,3],[55,4,56,4],[55,5,55,7],[55,8,56,8],[57,8,63,8],[66,0,67,0],[66,1,66,3],[66,4,67,4],[66,5,66,7],[66,8,67,8],[68,8,69,8],[72,0,73,0],[72,1,72,3],[72,4,73,4],[72,5,72,7],[72,8,73,8],[74,8,80,8],[83,0,84,0],[83,1,83,3],[83,4,84,4],[83,5,83,7],[83,8,84,8],[85,8,88,8],[91,0,92,0],[91,1,91,3],[91,4,92,4],[91,5,91,7],[91,8,92,8],[93,8,97,8],[100,0,101,0],[100,1,100,3],[100,4,101,4],[100,5,100,7],[100,8,101,8],[102,8,107,8],[110,0,111,0],[110,1,110,3],[110,4,111,4],[110,5,110,7],[110,8,111,8],[112,8,116,8],[119,0,120,0],[119,1,119,3],[119,4,120,4],[119,5,119,7],[119,8,120,8],[121,8,122,8],[125,0,126,0],[125,1,125,3],[125,4,126,4],[125,5,125,7],[125,8,126,8],[127,8,140,8]]}
["Haemophilus influenzae",{"$nulls":7},"EUCAST Clinical Breakpoint Tables v. 15.0, valid from 2025-01-01"]
["Expert Rules and Expected Phenotypes",null,null,"Guidance documents",{"$nulls":4},"For abbreviations and explanations of breakpoints, see the Notes sheet"]
[]
["MIC determination (broth microdilution according to ISO standard 20776-1)\nMedium: Cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth + 5% lysed horse blood and 20 mg/L β-NAD (MH-F broth)\nInoculum: 5x105 CFU/mL\nIncubation: Sealed panels, air, 35±1ºC, 18±2h\nReading: Unless otherwise stated, read MICs at the lowest concentration of the agent that completely inhibits visible growth. See ”EUCAST Reading Guide for broth microdilution” for further information.\nQuality control: Haemophilus influenzae ATCC 49766. For agents not covered by this strain and for control of the inhibitor component of beta-lactam inhibitor combinations, see EUCAST QC Tables.\n",{"$nulls":7},"Disk diffusion (EUCAST standardised disk diffusion method)\nMedium: Mueller-Hinton agar + 5% defibrinated horse blood and 20 mg/L β-NAD (MH-F)\nInoculum: McFarland 0.5\nIncubation: 5% CO2, 35±1ºC, 18±2h\nReading: Unless otherwise stated, read zone edges as the point showing no growth viewed from the front of the plate with the lid removed and with reflected light. See ”EUCAST Reading Guide for disk diffusion” for further information.\nQuality control: Haemophilus influenzae ATCC 49766. For agents not covered by this strain and for control of the inhibitor component of beta-lactam inhibitor-combination disks, see EUCAST QC Tables."]
[]
["EUCAST breakpoints have been defined for H. influenzae only. Clinical data for other Haemophilus species are scarce. MIC distributions for H. parainfluenzae are similar to those for H. influenzae. In the absence of specific breakpoints, the H. influenzae MIC breakpoints can be applied to H. parainfluenzae."]
[]
["Penicillins1","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Benzylpenicillin","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE",null,"1/A. The benzylpenicillin 1 unit disk diffusion screening test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (zone diameter ≥12 mm) all penicillins for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note”, can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for amoxicillin oral and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid oral, which if reported, should be reported “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (zone diameter <12 mm), see flow chart below.\n2. Beta-lactamase positive isolates can be reported resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin and piperacillin without inhibitors. Tests based on a chromogenic cephalosporin can be used to detect the beta-lactamase.\n3. For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of sulbactam is fixed at 4 mg/L.\n4/D. Susceptibility can be inferred from amoxicillin-clavulanic acid iv.\n5. For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of clavulanic acid is fixed at 2 mg/L.\n6. For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of tazobactam is fixed at 4 mg/L.\n\nB. Read the outer edge of zones where an otherwise clear inhibition zone contains an area of growth around the disk, see pictures below.\nC. ATU relevant only if the benzylpenicillin 1 unit disk screen is positive (zone diameter <12 mm).\nE. Susceptibility can be inferred from ampicillin.\nF. Isolates susceptible to ampicillin can be reported \"susceptible, increased exposure” (I) to amoxicillin oral. Isolates resistant to ampicillin can be reported resistant to amoxicillin oral."]
["Benzylpenicillin (screen only)1","NA","NA",null,"1 unit","12A,B","12A,B"]
["Ampicillin (indications other than endocarditis and meningitis)2","1","1",null,"2","18A,B","18A,B"]
["Ampicillin iv (endocarditis and meningitis)2","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Ampicillin-sulbactam","13,4","13,4",null,null,"NoteA,D","NoteA,D"]
["Amoxicillin iv (indications other than endocarditis and meningitis)2","2","2",null,null,"NoteA,E","NoteA,E"]
["Amoxicillin iv (endocarditis and meningitis)2","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Amoxicillin oral2","0.001",2,null,null,"NoteA,F","NoteA,F"]
["Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid iv","25","25",null,"2-1","15A,B","15A,B"]
["Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid oral","0.0015","25",null,"2-1","50A,B","15A,B"]
["Piperacillin2","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Piperacillin-tazobactam","0.256","0.256",null,"30-6","27A,B","27A,B","26-28B,C"]
["Ticarcillin-clavulanic acid","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Temocillin","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Phenoxymethylpenicillin","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Oxacillin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Cloxacillin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Dicloxacillin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Flucloxacillin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Mecillinam oral (pivmecillinam) (uncomplicated UTI only)","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
[]
[]
["Cephalosporins1","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Cefaclor","-","-",null,null,"-","-",null,"1/A. The benzylpenicillin 1 unit disk diffusion screening test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (zone diameter ≥12 mm) all cephalosporins for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note”, can be reported susceptible without further testing, except for cefuroxime oral, which if reported, should be reported “susceptible, increased exposure” (I). When the screen is positive (zone diameter <12 mm), see flow chart below.\n2/D. The addition of a beta-lactamase inhibitor does not add clinical benefit. The beta-lactamases produced by the organism either do not modify the parent cephalosporin or are not affected by the inhibitor. \n3. See table of dosages for dosing for different indications.\n4/C. ATU relevant only if the benzylpenicillin 1 unit disk screen is positive (zone diameter <12 mm).\n\nB. Read the outer edge of zones where an otherwise clear inhibition zone contains an area of growth around the disk, see pictures below.\nD. For benzylpenicillin screen positive isolates (zone <12 mm), determine the MIC in meningitis."]
["Cefadroxil","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Cefalexin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Cefazolin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Cefepime","0.25","0.25",null,"30","28A,B","28A,B","28-33B,C"]
["Cefepime-enmetazobactam2","Note2","Note2",null,null,"NoteD","NoteD"]
["Cefiderocol","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Cefixime","0.125","0.125",null,"5","26A,B","26A,B"]
["Cefotaxime","0.125","0.125",null,"5","27A,B","27A,B","25-27B,C"]
["Cefoxitin","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Cefpodoxime","0.25","0.25",null,"10","26A,B","26A,B","26-29B,C"]
["Ceftaroline","0.03","0.03",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Ceftazidime","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Ceftazidime-avibactam","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Ceftibuten",1,"1",null,"30","25A,B","25A,B"]
["Ceftobiprole","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Ceftolozane-tazobactam (pneumonia)3","0.5","0.5",null,"30-10","23A,B","23A,B","22-23B,C"]
["Ceftriaxone","0.125","0.125",null,"30","32A,B","32A,B","31-33B,C"]
["Cefuroxime iv",1,"2","24","30","27A,B","25A,B","25-27B,C"]
["Cefuroxime oral","0.001","1",null,"30","50A,B","27A,B","25-27B,C"]
[]
[]
["Carbapenems1,2","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Doripenem",1,"1",null,10,"23A,B","23A,B",null,"1/A. The benzylpenicillin 1 unit disk diffusion screening test shall be used to exclude beta-lactam resistance mechanisms. When the screen is negative (zone diameter ≥12 mm) all carbapenems for which clinical breakpoints are available, including those with “Note”, can be reported susceptible without further testing. When the screen is positive (zone diameter <12 mm), see flow chart below.\n2. Meropenem is the only carbapenem used for meningitis. \n3/E. The addition of the beta-lactamase inhibitor does not add clinical benefit. The beta-lactamases produced by the organism either do not modify the parent carbapenem or are not affected by the inhibitor. \n\nB. Read the outer edge of zones where an otherwise clear inhibition zone contains an area of growth around the disk, see pictures below.\nC. ATU relevant only if the benzylpenicillin 1 unit disk screen is positive (zone diameter <12 mm).\nD. For benzylpenicillin screen positive isolates (zone <12 mm), determine the MIC in meningitis."]
["Ertapenem","0.5","0.5",null,10,"23A,B","23A,B"]
["Imipenem",2,2,null,10,"20A,B","20A,B","6-19B,C"]
["Imipenem-relebactam3","Note3","Note3",null,null,"NoteE","NoteE"]
["Meropenem (indications other than meningitis)",2,2,null,10,"20A,B","20A,B"]
["Meropenem (meningitis)","0.25","0.25",null,null,"NoteA,D","NoteA,D"]
["Meropenem-vaborbactam3","Note3","Note3",null,null,"NoteE","NoteE"]
[]
[]
["Monobactams","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Aztreonam","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Aztreonam-avibactam","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
[]
[]
["Fluoroquinolones","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Ciprofloxacin","0.03","0.03",null,"5","32A","32A",null,"A. The nalidixic acid disk diffusion test can be used to screen for fluoroquinolone resistance. See Note B.\nB. Susceptibility can be inferred from the nalidixic acid screening test.\nB. Isolates categorised as screen negative can be reported susceptible to ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin and ofloxacin. Isolates categorised as screen positive should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents or reported resistant."]
["Delafloxacin","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Levofloxacin","0.06","0.06",null,"5","30A","30A"]
["Moxifloxacin","0.125","0.125",null,"5","28A","28A"]
["Nalidixic acid (screen only)","NA","NA",null,"30","23B","23B"]
["Norfloxacin (uncomplicated UTI only)","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Ofloxacin","0.06","0.06",null,"5","30A","30A"]
[]
[]
["Aminoglycosides","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Amikacin","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Gentamicin","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Netilmicin","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Tobramycin","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
[]
[]
["Glycopeptides and lipoglycopeptides","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Dalbavancin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Oritavancin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Teicoplanin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Telavancin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Vancomycin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
[]
[]
["Macrolides1, lincosamides and streptogramins","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Azithromycin","Note1","Note1",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA",null,"1/A. Clinical evidence for the efficacy of macrolides in H. influenzae respiratory infections is conflicting due to high spontaneous cure rates. Should there be a need to test any macrolide against this species, the epidemiological cut-offs (ECOFFs) should be used to detect strains with acquired resistance. The ECOFFs for each agent are: azithromycin 4 mg/L, clarithromycin 32 mg/L and erythromycin 16 mg/L. There are insufficient data available to establish an ECOFF for roxithromycin."]
["Clarithromycin","Note1","Note1",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Erythromycin","Note1","Note1",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Roxithromycin","Note1","Note1",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Clindamycin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Quinupristin-dalfopristin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
[]
[]
["Tetracyclines","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Doxycycline","11","11",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA",null,"1/A. Tetracycline can be used to screen for resistance in tetracycline agents. Isolates categorised as susceptible to tetracycline can be reported susceptible to doxycycline and minocycline. Isolates categorised as resistant to tetracycline should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents or reported resistant."]
["Eravacycline","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Minocycline","11","11",null,"30","24A","24A"]
["Tetracycline","21","21",null,"30","25A","25A"]
["Tigecycline","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
[]
[]
["Oxazolidinones","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Linezolid","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Tedizolid","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
[]
[]
["Miscellaneous agents","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Chloramphenicol1",2,2,null,30,28,28,null,"1. For chloramphenicol treatment in meningitis, see table of dosages.\n2. Trimethoprim:sulfamethoxazole in the ratio 1:19. Breakpoints are expressed as the trimethoprim concentration."]
["Colistin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Daptomycin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Fosfomycin iv","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Fosfomycin oral","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Fusidic acid","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Lefamulin","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Metronidazole","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Nitrofurantoin (uncomplicated UTI only)","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Nitroxoline (uncomplicated UTI only)","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Rifampicin (for prophylaxis only)",1,1,null,5,18,18]
["Spectinomycin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Trimethoprim (uncomplicated UTI only)","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole2","0.5",1,null,"1.25-23.75",23,20]
{"$rows_empty":14}
["Examples of inhibition zones for H. influenzae and a beta-lactam agent where an otherwise clear inhibition zone contains an area of growth around the disk."]
["Read the outer edge of zones where an otherwise clear inhibition zone contains an area of growth around the disk. "]

{"sheet":"M.catarrhalis","index":16,"n_rows":133,"n_cols":9,"rows_kept":133,"merged":[[1,0,1,1],[1,3,1,6],[3,0,3,5],[5,0,6,0],[5,1,5,3],[5,4,6,4],[5,5,5,7],[5,8,6,8],[7,8,21,8],[24,0,25,0],[24,1,24,3],[24,4,25,4],[24,5,24,7],[24,8,25,8],[26,8,45,8],[48,0,49,0],[48,1,48,3],[48,4,49,4],[48,5,48,7],[48,8,49,8],[50,8,55,8],[58,0,59,0],[58,1,58,3],[58,4,59,4],[58,5,58,7],[58,8,59,8],[60,8,61,8],[64,0,65,0],[64,1,64,3],[64,4,65,4],[64,5,64,7],[64,8,65,8],[66,8,72,8],[75,0,76,0],[75,1,75,3],[75,4,76,4],[75,5,75,7],[75,8,76,8],[77,8,80,8],[83,0,84,0],[83,1,83,3],[83,4,84,4],[83,5,83,7],[83,8,84,8],[85,8,89,8],[92,0,93,0],[92,1,92,3],[92,4,93,4],[92,5,92,7],[92,8,93,8],[94,8,99,8],[102,0,103,0],[102,1,102,3],[102,4,103,4],[102,5,102,7],[102,8,103,8],[104,8,108,8],[111,0,112,0],[111,1,111,3],[111,4,112,4],[111,5,111,7],[111,8,112,8],[113,8,114,8],[117,0,118,0],[117,1,117,3],[117,4,118,4],[117,5,117,7],[117,8,118,8],[119,8,132,8]]}
["Moraxella catarrhalis",{"$nulls":7},"EUCAST Clinical Breakpoint Tables v. 15.0, valid from 2025-01-01"]
["Expert Rules and Expected Phenotypes",null,null,"Guidance documents",{"$nulls":4},"For abbreviations and explanations of breakpoints, see the Notes sheet"]
[]
["MIC determination (broth microdilution according to ISO standard 20776-1)\nMedium: Cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth + 5% lysed horse blood and 20 mg/L β-NAD (MH-F broth)\nInoculum: 5x105 CFU/mL\nIncubation: Sealed panels, air, 35±1ºC, 18±2h\nReading: Unless otherwise stated, read MICs at the lowest concentration of the agent that completely inhibits visible growth. See ”EUCAST Reading Guide for broth microdilution” for further information.\nQuality control: Haemophilus influenzae ATCC 49766. For agents not covered by this strain and for control of the inhibitor component of beta-lactam inhibitor combinations, see EUCAST QC Tables.\n",{"$nulls":7},"Disk diffusion (EUCAST standardised disk diffusion method)\nMedium: Mueller-Hinton agar + 5% defibrinated horse blood and 20 mg/L β-NAD (MH-F)\nInoculum: McFarland 0.5\nIncubation: 5% CO2, 35±1ºC, 18±2h\nReading: Unless otherwise stated, read zone edges as the point showing no growth viewed from the front of the plate with the lid removed and with reflected light. See ”EUCAST Reading Guide for disk diffusion” for further information.\nQuality control: Haemophilus influenzae ATCC 49766. For agents not covered by this strain and for control of the inhibitor component of beta-lactam inhibitor-combination disks, see EUCAST QC Tables."]
[]
["Penicillins","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Benzylpenicillin","-","-",null,null,"-","-",null,"1. Most M. catarrhalis produce beta-lactamase, although beta-lactamase production is slow and may give weak results with in vitro tests. Beta-lactamase producers should be reported resistant to penicillins and aminopenicillins without inhibitors.  \n2. For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of sulbactam is fixed at 4 mg/L.\n3/A. Susceptibility can be inferred from amoxicillin-clavulanic acid.\n4. For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of clavulanic acid is fixed at 2 mg/L."]
["Ampicillin","-1","-1",null,null,"-","-"]
["Ampicillin-sulbactam","12,3","12,3",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Amoxicillin","-1","-1",null,null,"-","-"]
["Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid","14","14",null,"2-1","19","19"]
["Piperacillin","-1","-1",null,null,"-","-"]
["Piperacillin-tazobactam","Note3","Note3",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Ticarcillin-clavulanic acid","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Temocillin","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Phenoxymethylpenicillin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Oxacillin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Cloxacillin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Dicloxacillin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Flucloxacillin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Mecillinam oral (pivmecillinam) (uncomplicated UTI only)","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
[]
[]
["Cephalosporins","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Cefaclor","-","-",null,null,"-","-",null,"1/A. The addition of a beta-lactamase inhibitor does not add clinical benefit. The beta-lactamases produced by the organism either do not modify the parent cephalosporin or are not affected by the inhibitor."]
["Cefadroxil","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Cefalexin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Cefazolin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Cefepime","4","4",null,"30",20,20]
["Cefepime-enmetazobactam1","Note1","Note1",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Cefiderocol","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Cefixime","0.5","0.5",null,"5",21,21]
["Cefotaxime","1","2",null,"5",20,17]
["Cefoxitin","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Cefpodoxime","IP","IP",null,"10","IP","IP"]
["Ceftaroline","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Ceftazidime","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Ceftazidime-avibactam","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Ceftibuten","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Ceftobiprole","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Ceftolozane-tazobactam","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Ceftriaxone","1","2",null,"30",24,21]
["Cefuroxime iv","4","8",null,"30",21,18]
["Cefuroxime oral","0.001","4",null,"30",50,21]
[]
[]
["Carbapenems","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Doripenem1",1,"1",null,"10",30,30,null,"1. Resistant isolates are rare or not yet reported. The identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test result on any such isolate must be confirmed and the isolate sent to a reference laboratory.\n2/A. The addition of a beta-lactamase inhibitor does not add clinical benefit. The beta-lactamases produced by the organism either do not modify the parent carbapenem or are not affected by the inhibitor."]
["Ertapenem1","0.5","0.5",null,"10",29,29]
["Imipenem1",2,"2",null,"10",29,29]
["Imipenem-relebactam2","Note2","Note2",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Meropenem1",2,"2",null,"10",33,33]
["Meropenem-vaborbactam2","Note2","Note2",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
[]
[]
["Monobactams","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Aztreonam","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Aztreonam-avibactam","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
[]
[]
["Fluoroquinolones","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Ciprofloxacin","0.125","0.125",null,"5","31A","31A",null,"A. The nalidixic acid disk diffusion test can be used to screen for fluoroquinolone resistance. See Note B.\nB. Isolates categorised as screen negative can be reported susceptible to ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin and ofloxacin. Isolates categorised as screen positive should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents or reported resistant."]
["Delafloxacin","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Levofloxacin","0.125","0.125",null,"5","29A","29A"]
["Moxifloxacin","0.25","0.25",null,"5","26A","26A"]
["Nalidixic acid (screen only)","NA","NA",null,"30","23B","23B"]
["Norfloxacin (uncomplicated UTI only)","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Ofloxacin","0.25","0.25",null,"5","28A","28A"]
[]
[]
["Aminoglycosides","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Amikacin","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Gentamicin","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Netilmicin","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Tobramycin","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
[]
[]
["Glycopeptides and lipoglycopeptides","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Dalbavancin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Oritavancin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Teicoplanin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Telavancin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Vancomycin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
[]
[]
["Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Azithromycin","0.251","0.251",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA",null,"1/A. Erythromycin can be used to screen for macrolide resistance in Moraxella catarrhalis. Isolates categorised as susceptible can be reported susceptible to azithromycin, clarithromycin and roxithromycin. Isolates categorised as resistant should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents or reported resistant."]
["Clarithromycin","0.251","0.251",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Erythromycin","0.25","0.25",null,"15","23A","23A"]
["Roxithromycin","0.51","0.51",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Clindamycin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Quinupristin-dalfopristin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
[]
[]
["Tetracyclines","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Doxycycline","11","11",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA",null,"1/A. Tetracycline can be used to screen for resistance in tetracycline agents. Isolates categorised as susceptible to tetracycline can be reported susceptible to doxycycline and minocycline. Isolates categorised as resistant to tetracycline should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents or reported resistant."]
["Eravacycline","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Minocycline","11","11",null,"30","25A","25A"]
["Tetracycline","21","21",null,"30","26A","26A"]
["Tigecycline","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
[]
[]
["Oxazolidinones","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Linezolid","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Tedizolid","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
[]
[]
["Miscellaneous agents","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Chloramphenicol","Note1","Note1",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA",null,"1/A. For topical use of chloramphenicol, see table of topical agents.\n2. Trimethoprim:sulfamethoxazole in the ratio 1:19. Breakpoints are expressed as the trimethoprim concentration."]
["Colistin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Daptomycin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Fosfomycin iv","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Fosfomycin oral","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Fusidic acid","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Lefamulin","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Metronidazole","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Nitrofurantoin (uncomplicated UTI only)","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Nitroxoline (uncomplicated UTI only)","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Rifampicin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Spectinomycin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Trimethoprim (uncomplicated UTI only)","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
["Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole2","0.5","1",null,"1.25-23.75","18","15"]

{"sheet":"N.gonorrhoeae","index":17,"n_rows":135,"n_cols":5,"rows_kept":135,"merged":[[0,2,0,4],[3,0,3,4],[7,0,8,0],[7,1,7,3],[7,4,8,4],[9,4,23,4],[26,0,27,0],[26,1,26,3],[26,4,27,4],[28,4,47,4],[50,0,51,0],[50,1,50,3],[50,4,51,4],[52,4,57,4],[60,0,61,0],[60,1,60,3],[60,4,61,4],[62,4,63,4],[66,0,67,0],[66,1,66,3],[66,4,67,4],[68,4,74,4],[77,0,78,0],[77,1,77,3],[77,4,78,4],[79,4,82,4],[85,0,86,0],[85,1,85,3],[85,4,86,4],[87,4,91,4],[94,0,95,0],[94,1,94,3],[94,4,95,4],[96,4,101,4],[104,0,105,0],[104,1,104,3],[104,4,105,4],[106,4,110,4],[113,0,114,0],[113,1,113,3],[113,4,114,4],[115,4,116,4],[119,0,120,0],[119,1,119,3],[119,4,120,4],[121,4,134,4]]}
["Neisseria gonorrhoeae",null,"EUCAST Clinical Breakpoint Tables v. 15.0, valid from 2025-01-01"]
["Expert Rules and Expected Phenotypes","Guidance documents",null,null,"For abbreviations and explanations of breakpoints, see the Notes sheet"]
[]
["For comments on dosages related to breakpoints, see the table of dosages."]
[]
[{"$nulls":4},"Disk diffusion criteria for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Neisseria gonorrhoeae have not yet been defined and an MIC method should be used. If a commercial MIC method is used, follow the manufacturer´s instructions. Laboratories with few isolates are encouraged to refer these to a reference laboratory for testing."]
[]
["Penicillins1","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU"]
["Benzylpenicillin (surrogate agent)1","0.061",1,null,"1. Always test for beta-lactamase (tests based on a chromogenic cephalosporin can be used). If beta-lactamase positive, report resistant to ampicillin and amoxicillin. If beta-lactamase negative, determine the MIC of benzylpenicillin. Infer the susceptibility to ampicillin and amoxicillin from the benzylpenicillin MIC (do not report benzylpenicillin susceptibility).\n"]
["Ampicillin1","Note1","Note1"]
["Ampicillin-sulbactam","IE","IE"]
["Amoxicillin1","Note1","Note1"]
["Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid","IE","IE"]
["Piperacillin","-","-"]
["Piperacillin-tazobactam","-","-"]
["Ticarcillin-clavulanic acid","-","-"]
["Temocillin","IE","IE"]
["Phenoxymethylpenicillin","-","-"]
["Oxacillin","-","-"]
["Cloxacillin","-","-"]
["Dicloxacillin","-","-"]
["Flucloxacillin","-","-"]
["Mecillinam oral (pivmecillinam) \n(uncomplicated UTI only)","-","-"]
[]
[]
["Cephalosporins","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU"]
["Cefaclor","-","-"]
["Cefadroxil","-","-"]
["Cefalexin","-","-"]
["Cefazolin","-","-"]
["Cefepime","-","-"]
["Cefepime-enmetazobactam","-","-"]
["Cefiderocol","IE","IE"]
["Cefixime","0.125","0.125"]
["Cefotaxime","0.125","0.125"]
["Cefoxitin","IE","IE"]
["Cefpodoxime","-","-"]
["Ceftaroline","-","-"]
["Ceftazidime","-","-"]
["Ceftazidime-avibactam","-","-"]
["Ceftibuten","-","-"]
["Ceftobiprole","-","-"]
["Ceftolozane-tazobactam","-","-"]
["Ceftriaxone","0.125","0.125"]
["Cefuroxime iv","-","-"]
["Cefuroxime oral","-","-"]
[]
[]
["Carbapenems","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU"]
["Doripenem","IE","IE"]
["Ertapenem","IE","IE"]
["Imipenem","IE","IE"]
["Imipenem-relebactam","IE","IE"]
["Meropenem","IE","IE"]
["Meropenem-vaborbactam","IE","IE"]
[]
[]
["Monobactams","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU"]
["Aztreonam","IE","IE"]
["Aztreonam-avibactam","IE","IE"]
[]
[]
["Fluoroquinolones","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU"]
["Ciprofloxacin","0.03","0.06"]
["Delafloxacin","IE","IE"]
["Levofloxacin","IE","IE"]
["Moxifloxacin","IE","IE"]
["Nalidixic acid (screen only)","NA","NA"]
["Norfloxacin (uncomplicated UTI only)","-","-"]
["Ofloxacin","0.125","0.25"]
[]
[]
["Aminoglycosides","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU"]
["Amikacin","-","-"]
["Gentamicin","-","-"]
["Netilmicin","-","-"]
["Tobramycin","-","-"]
[]
[]
["Glycopeptides and lipoglycopeptides","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU"]
["Dalbavancin","-","-"]
["Oritavancin","-","-"]
["Teicoplanin","-","-"]
["Telavancin","-","-"]
["Vancomycin","-","-"]
[]
[]
["Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU"]
["Azithromycin","Note1","Note1",null,"1. Azithromycin is always used in conjunction with another effective agent. For testing purposes with the aim of detecting acquired resistance mechanisms, the ECOFF is 1 mg/L."]
["Clarithromycin","-","-"]
["Erythromycin","-","-"]
["Roxithromycin","-","-"]
["Clindamycin","-","-"]
["Quinupristin-dalfopristin","-","-"]
[]
[]
["Tetracyclines","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU"]
["Doxycycline","IE","IE"]
["Eravacycline","IE","IE"]
["Minocycline","IE","IE"]
["Tetracycline","0.5","0.5"]
["Tigecycline","IE","IE"]
[]
[]
["Oxazolidinones","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU"]
["Linezolid","-","-"]
["Tedizolid","-","-"]
[]
[]
["Miscellaneous agents","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU"]
["Chloramphenicol","-","-"]
["Colistin","-","-"]
["Daptomycin","-","-"]
["Fosfomycin iv","-","-"]
["Fosfomycin oral","-","-"]
["Fusidic acid","-","-"]
["Lefamulin","IE","IE"]
["Metronidazole","-","-"]
["Nitrofurantoin (uncomplicated UTI only)","-","-"]
["Nitroxoline (uncomplicated UTI only)","-","-"]
["Rifampicin","-","-"]
["Spectinomycin","64","64"]
["Trimethoprim (uncomplicated UTI only)","-","-"]
["Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole","-","-"]

{"sheet":"N.meningitidis","index":18,"n_rows":135,"n_cols":5,"rows_kept":135,"merged":[[0,2,0,4],[5,0,6,0],[5,1,5,3],[5,4,6,4],[7,4,23,4],[26,0,27,0],[26,1,26,3],[26,4,27,4],[28,4,47,4],[50,0,51,0],[50,1,50,3],[50,4,51,4],[52,4,57,4],[60,0,61,0],[60,1,60,3],[60,4,61,4],[62,4,63,4],[66,0,67,0],[66,1,66,3],[66,4,67,4],[68,4,74,4],[77,0,78,0],[77,1,77,3],[77,4,78,4],[79,4,82,4],[85,0,86,0],[85,1,85,3],[85,4,86,4],[87,4,91,4],[94,0,95,0],[94,1,94,3],[94,4,95,4],[96,4,101,4],[104,0,105,0],[104,1,104,3],[104,4,105,4],[106,4,110,4],[113,0,114,0],[113,1,113,3],[113,4,114,4],[115,4,116,4],[119,0,120,0],[119,1,119,3],[119,4,120,4],[121,4,134,4]]}
["Neisseria meningitidis",null,"EUCAST Clinical Breakpoint Tables v. 15.0, valid from 2025-01-01"]
["Expert Rules and Expected Phenotypes","Guidance documents",null,null,"For abbreviations and explanations of breakpoints, see the Notes sheet"]
[]
[{"$nulls":4},"Disk diffusion criteria for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Neisseria meningitidis have not yet been defined and an MIC method should be used. If a commercial MIC method is used, follow the manufacturer´s instructions."]
[]
["Penicillins1","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU"]
["Benzylpenicillin (all indications)","0.25","0.25",null,"1. All breakpoints pertain to iv administration."]
["Ampicillin (indications other than meningitis)","0.125","1"]
["Ampicillin (meningitis)","IE","IE"]
["Ampicillin-sulbactam","IE","IE"]
["Amoxicillin (indications other than meningitis)","0.125","1"]
["Amoxicillin (meningitis)","IE","IE"]
["Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid","-","-"]
["Piperacillin","-","-"]
["Piperacillin-tazobactam","-","-"]
["Ticarcillin-clavulanic acid","-","-"]
["Temocillin","-","-"]
["Phenoxymethylpenicillin","-","-"]
["Oxacillin","-","-"]
["Cloxacillin","-","-"]
["Dicloxacillin","-","-"]
["Flucloxacillin","-","-"]
["Mecillinam oral (pivmecillinam) \n(uncomplicated UTI only)","-","-"]
[]
[]
["Cephalosporins","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU"]
["Cefaclor","-","-",null,"1. Resistant isolates are rare or not yet reported. The identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test result on any such isolate must be confirmed and the isolate sent to a reference laboratory."]
["Cefadroxil","-","-"]
["Cefalexin","-","-"]
["Cefazolin","-","-"]
["Cefepime","-","-"]
["Cefepime-enmetazobactam","-","-"]
["Cefiderocol","IE","IE"]
["Cefixime","-","-"]
["Cefotaxime (all indications)1","0.125","0.125"]
["Cefoxitin","-","-"]
["Cefpodoxime","-","-"]
["Ceftaroline","-","-"]
["Ceftazidime","-","-"]
["Ceftazidime-avibactam","-","-"]
["Ceftibuten","-","-"]
["Ceftobiprole","-","-"]
["Ceftolozane-tazobactam","-","-"]
["Ceftriaxone (all indications including prophylaxis)1","0.125","0.125"]
["Cefuroxime iv","-","-"]
["Cefuroxime oral","-","-"]
[]
[]
["Carbapenems1,2","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU"]
["Doripenem","Note2","Note2",null,"1. Resistant isolates are rare or not yet reported. The identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test result on any such isolate must be confirmed and the isolate sent to a reference laboratory.\n2. Breakpoints for serious N. meningitidis systemic infections (meningitis with or without septicemia) have been determined for meropenem only. \n3. The addition of a beta-lactamase inhibitor does not add clinical benefit."]
["Ertapenem","IE","IE"]
["Imipenem","Note2","Note2"]
["Imipenem-relebactam3","Note2,3","Note2,3"]
["Meropenem (all indications)1,2","0.25","0.25"]
["Meropenem-vaborbactam3","Note2,3","Note2,3"]
[]
[]
["Monobactams","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU"]
["Aztreonam","IE","IE"]
["Aztreonam-avibactam","IE","IE"]
[]
[]
["Fluoroquinolones","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU"]
["Ciprofloxacin (all indications, including meningitis and prophylaxis)","0.016","0.016"]
["Delafloxacin","IE","IE"]
["Levofloxacin","IE","IE"]
["Moxifloxacin","IE","IE"]
["Nalidixic acid (screen only)","NA","NA"]
["Norfloxacin (uncomplicated UTI only)","-","-"]
["Ofloxacin","IE","IE"]
[]
[]
["Aminoglycosides","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU"]
["Amikacin","-","-"]
["Gentamicin","-","-"]
["Netilmicin","-","-"]
["Tobramycin","-","-"]
[]
[]
["Glycopeptides and lipoglycopeptides","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU"]
["Dalbavancin","-","-"]
["Oritavancin","-","-"]
["Teicoplanin","-","-"]
["Telavancin","-","-"]
["Vancomycin","-","-"]
[]
[]
["Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU"]
["Azithromycin","-","-"]
["Clarithromycin","-","-"]
["Erythromycin","-","-"]
["Roxithromycin","-","-"]
["Clindamycin","-","-"]
["Quinupristin-dalfopristin","-","-"]
[]
[]
["Tetracyclines","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU"]
["Doxycycline","-","-",null,"1. Tetracycline can be used to predict susceptibility to minocycline for prophylaxis against N. meningitidis infections."]
["Eravacycline","IE","IE"]
["Minocycline (prophylaxis only)","11","11"]
["Tetracycline (screen only)","21","21"]
["Tigecycline","IE","IE"]
[]
[]
["Oxazolidinones","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU"]
["Linezolid","-","-"]
["Tedizolid","-","-"]
[]
[]
["Miscellaneous agents","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU"]
["Chloramphenicol (meningitis)1","2","2",null,"1. For chloramphenicol treatment in meningitis, see table of dosages."]
["Colistin","-","-"]
["Daptomycin","-","-"]
["Fosfomycin iv","-","-"]
["Fosfomycin oral","-","-"]
["Fusidic acid","-","-"]
["Lefamulin","-","-"]
["Metronidazole","-","-"]
["Nitrofurantoin (uncomplicated UTI only)","-","-"]
["Nitroxoline (uncomplicated UTI only)","-","-"]
["Rifampicin (prophylaxis only)","0.25","0.25"]
["Spectinomycin","-","-"]
["Trimethoprim (uncomplicated UTI only)","-","-"]
["Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole","-","-"]

{"sheet":"Anaerobic bacteria","index":19,"n_rows":119,"n_cols":9,"rows_kept":119,"merged":[[0,0,0,5],[0,7,0,8],[1,0,1,1],[1,3,1,6],[4,0,4,5],[8,0,8,8],[10,0,11,0],[10,1,10,3],[10,4,11,4],[10,5,10,7],[10,8,11,8],[12,8,19,8],[24,0,25,0],[24,1,24,3],[24,4,25,4],[24,5,24,7],[24,8,25,8],[26,8,36,8],[41,0,42,0],[41,1,41,3],[41,4,42,4],[41,5,41,7],[41,8,42,8],[43,8,53,8],[58,0,59,0],[58,1,58,3],[58,4,59,4],[58,5,58,7],[58,8,59,8],[60,8,71,8],[76,0,77,0],[76,1,76,3],[76,4,77,4],[76,5,76,7],[76,8,77,8],[78,8,91,8],[96,0,97,0],[96,1,96,3],[96,4,97,4],[96,5,96,7],[96,8,97,8],[98,8,100,8]]}
["Anaerobic bacteria",{"$nulls":6},"EUCAST Clinical Breakpoint Tables v. 15.0, valid from 2025-01-01"]
["Expert Rules and Expected Phenotypes",null,null,"Guidance documents",{"$nulls":4},"For abbreviations and explanations of breakpoints, see the Notes sheet"]
["For species not listed below, see EUCAST Guidance Document on how to test and interpret results when there are no breakpoints"]
[]
["MIC determination (agar dilution)\nMedium: Fastidious Anaerobe Agar + 5% defibrinated horse blood (FAA-HB)\nInoculum: 105 CFU/spot\nIncubation: Anaerobic environment, 35-37ºC, 42-48h\nReading: Unless otherwise stated, read MICs at the lowest concentration of the agent where a noticeable difference is seen in visible growth between the test and control plate.\nQuality control: Bacteroides fragilis ATCC 25285 and Clostridium perfringens ATCC 13124.\nFor control of the inhibitor component of beta-lactam inhibitor combinations, see EUCAST QC Tables. \nSee disk diffusion methodology for how to monitor the anaerobic atmosphere with Clostridium perfringens DSM 25589.",{"$nulls":7},"Disk diffusion (EUCAST standardised disk diffusion method)\nMedium: Fastidious Anaerobe Agar + 5% defibrinated horse blood (FAA-HB). The plates should be dried prior to inoculation (at 20-25°C overnight or at 35°C, with the lid removed, for 15 min).\nInoculum: McFarland 1.0\nIncubation: Anaerobic environment, 35-37ºC, 18±2h\nReading: Unless otherwise stated, read zone edges as the point showing no growth viewed from the front of the plate with the lid removed and with reflected light. See pictures below and the EUCAST Reading Guide for disk diffusion of anaerobic bacteria for further information. \nQuality control: Bacteroides fragilis ATCC 25285 and Clostridium perfringens ATCC 13124. For control of the inhibitor component of beta-lactam inhibitor combination disks, see EUCAST QC Tables.\nClostridium perfringens DSM 25589 with a metronidazole 5 µg disk to monitor the anaerobic atmosphere."]
[]
["Bacteroides spp."]
[]
["Breakpoints for Bacteroides spp. are also valid for Parabacteroides spp. and for Phocaeicola dorei/vulgatus (previously named Bacteroides dorei/vulgatus)."]
[]
["Antimicrobial agent","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Ampicillin-sulbactam","21","21",null,"10-10",25,25,null,"1. For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of sulbactam is fixed at 4 mg/L. \n2. For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of clavulanic acid is fixed at 2 mg/L. \n3. Isolates susceptible to ampicillin-sulbactam and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid may be resistant to piperacillin-tazobactam. \n4. For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of tazobactam is fixed at 4 mg/L. \n5/A. For information on how to use breakpoints in brackets, see https://www.eucast.org/eucastguidancedocuments/.\n\nB. Examine zones carefully for colonies within zones. Colonies should be taken into account when reading."]
["Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid","22","22",null,"2-1",14,14]
["Piperacillin-tazobactam3","24","24",null,"30-6",24,24]
["Ertapenem","(2)5","(2)5",null,10,"(23)A","(23)A"]
["Imipenem",1,1,null,10,29,29]
["Meropenem",1,1,null,10,28,28]
["Clindamycin","(4)5","(4)5",null,2,"(10)A,B","(10)A,B"]
["Metronidazole",4,4,null,5,25,25]
[]
[]
["Prevotella spp."]
[]
["Antimicrobial agent","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Benzylpenicillin","0.51","0.51",null,"1 unit","20A","20A",null,"1/A. Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.\n2. At very low concentrations of ampicillin, amoxicillin and piperacillin when in inhibitor combinations, the in vitro antimicrobial activity of the fixed concentration of inhibitor (2 mg/L for clavulanic acid and 4 mg/L for sulbactam and tazobactam) is such that artefactually low MIC values may be obtained. Therefore no breakpoints can be given. This does not affect disk diffusion where the concentration of the inhibitor decreases proportionally with the concentration of the agent.\n\nB. Susceptibility can be inferred from ampicillin.\nC. Examine zones carefully for colonies within zones. Colonies should be taken into account when reading."]
["Ampicillin","0.51","0.51",null,"2","25A","25A"]
["Ampicillin-sulbactam","Note1,2","Note1,2",null,"10-10","33A","33A"]
["Amoxicillin","0.251","0.251",null,null,"NoteA,B","NoteA,B"]
["Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid","Note1,2","Note1,2",null,"2-1","24A","24A"]
["Piperacillin-tazobactam","Note1,2","Note1,2",null,"30-6","26A","26A"]
["Ertapenem","0.51","0.51",null,10,"29A","29A"]
["Imipenem","0.1251","0.1251",null,10,"35A","35A"]
["Meropenem","0.251","0.251",null,10,"34A","34A"]
["Clindamycin","0.25","0.25",null,2,"31C","31C"]
["Metronidazole",4,4,null,5,22,22]
[]
[]
["Fusobacterium necrophorum"]
[]
["Antimicrobial agent","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Benzylpenicillin","0.1251","0.1251",null,"1 unit","25A","25A",null,"1/A. Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.\n2. For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of sulbactam is fixed at 4 mg/L. \n3. For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of clavulanic acid is fixed at 2 mg/L.\n4. For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of  tazobactam is fixed at 4 mg/L. \n\nB. Susceptibility can be inferred from ampicillin.\nC. Examine zones carefully for colonies within zones. Colonies should be taken into account when reading."]
["Ampicillin","0.51","0.51",null,"2","27A","27A"]
["Ampicillin-sulbactam","0.51,2","0.51,2",null,"10-10","33A","33A"]
["Amoxicillin","0.51","0.51",null,null,"NoteA,B","NoteA,B"]
["Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid","0.51,3","0.51,3",null,"2-1","23A","23A"]
["Piperacillin-tazobactam","0.51,4","0.51,4",null,"30-6","32A","32A"]
["Ertapenem","0.061","0.061",null,10,"35A","35A"]
["Imipenem","0.1251","0.1251",null,10,"36A","36A"]
["Meropenem","0.031","0.031",null,10,"35A","35A"]
["Clindamycin","0.25","0.25",null,2,"30C","30C"]
["Metronidazole","0.5","0.5",null,5,30,30]
[]
[]
["Clostridium perfringens"]
[]
["Antimicrobial agent","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Benzylpenicillin","0.51","0.51",null,"1 unit","15A","15A",null,"1/A. Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.\n2. For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of sulbactam is fixed at 4 mg/L. \n3. For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of clavulanic acid is fixed at 2 mg/L.\n4. For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of  tazobactam is fixed at 4 mg/L. \n\nB. Susceptibility can be inferred from ampicillin.\nC. Examine zones carefully for colonies within zones. Colonies should be taken into account when reading."]
["Ampicillin","0.251","0.251",null,"2","23A","23A"]
["Ampicillin-sulbactam","0.251,2","0.251,2",null,"10-10","27A","27A"]
["Amoxicillin","0.251","0.251",null,null,"NoteA,B","NoteA,B"]
["Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid","0.251,3","0.251,3",null,"2-1","23A","23A"]
["Piperacillin-tazobactam","0.51,4","0.51,4",null,"30-6","24A","24A"]
["Ertapenem","0.51","0.51",null,10,"24A","24A"]
["Imipenem","0.51","0.51",null,10,"25A","25A"]
["Meropenem","0.1251","0.1251",null,10,"25A","25A"]
["Vancomycin",2,2,null,5,12,12]
["Clindamycin","0.25","0.25",null,2,"19C","19C"]
["Metronidazole",4,4,null,5,16,16]
[]
[]
["Cutibacterium acnes"]
[]
["Antimicrobial agent","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Benzylpenicillin","0.061","0.061",null,"1 unit","24A","24A",null,"1/A. Isolates susceptible to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to all beta-lactam agents with breakpoints (including those with Note) without further testing. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents.\n2. At very low concentrations of ampicillin, amoxicillin and piperacillin when in inhibitor combinations, the in vitro antimicrobial activity of the fixed concentration of inhibitor (2 mg/L for clavulanic acid and 4 mg/L for sulbactam and tazobactam) is such that artefactually low MIC values may be obtained. Therefore no breakpoints can be given. This does not affect disk diffusion where the concentration of the inhibitor decreases proportionally with the concentration of the agent.\n\nB. Susceptibility can be inferred from ampicillin.\nC. Susceptibility to ceftriaxone can be inferred from the cefotaxime disk diffusion test.\nD. Examine zones carefully for colonies within zones. Colonies should be taken into account when reading."]
["Ampicillin","0.251","0.251",null,"2","23A","23A"]
["Ampicillin-sulbactam","Note1,2","Note1,2",null,"10-10","33A","33A"]
["Amoxicillin","0.251","0.251",null,null,"NoteA,B","NoteA,B"]
["Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid","Note1,2","Note1,2",null,"2-1","24A","24A"]
["Piperacillin-tazobactam","Note1,2","Note1,2",null,"30-6","27A","27A"]
["Cefotaxime","NA","NA",null,5,"26A,C","26A,C"]
["Ceftriaxone","0.061","0.061",null,30,"33A,C","33A,C"]
["Ertapenem","0.251","0.251",null,10,"28A","28A"]
["Imipenem","0.031","0.031",null,10,"39A","39A"]
["Meropenem","0.1251","0.1251",null,10,"28A","28A"]
["Vancomycin",2,2,null,5,22,22]
["Clindamycin","0.25","0.25",null,2,"26D","26D"]
["Linezolid","2","2",null,10,34,34]
[]
[]
["Clostridioides difficile"]
[]
["Antimicrobial agent","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Vancomycin","21","21",null,null,"IP","IP",null,"1. The breakpoints are based on epidemiological cut-off values (ECOFFs) and apply to oral treatment of C. difficile infections. There are no conclusive clinical data regarding the relation between MICs and outcomes."]
["Fidaxomicin","0.51","0.51",null,null,"IP","IP"]
["Metronidazole","21","21",null,null,"IP","IP"]
{"$rows_empty":14}
["Examples of inhibition zones for anaerobic bacteria."]
["a) If haze within the zone occurs, read the most obvious zone edge. Tilt the plate towards you to better define the obvious zone edge."]
["b) Isolated colonies within the inhibition zone should be taken into account. For clindamycin, it is particularly important to examine zones carefully for colonies growing within the zone."]
["c) Ignore haemolysis when reading zones."]

{"sheet":"H.pylori","index":20,"n_rows":29,"n_cols":5,"rows_kept":29,"merged":[[0,2,0,4],[5,0,6,0],[5,1,5,3],[5,4,6,4],[10,0,11,0],[10,1,10,3],[10,4,11,4],[15,0,16,0],[15,1,15,3],[15,4,16,4],[20,0,21,0],[20,1,20,3],[20,4,21,4],[25,0,26,0],[25,1,25,3],[25,4,26,4],[27,4,28,4]]}
["Helicobacter pylori",null,"EUCAST Clinical Breakpoint Tables v. 15.0, valid from 2025-01-01"]
["Expert Rules and Expected Phenotypes","Guidance documents",null,null,"For abbreviations and explanations of breakpoints, see the Notes sheet"]
[]
[{"$nulls":4},"Disk diffusion criteria for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Helicobacter pylori have not yet been defined and an MIC method should be used. If a commercial MIC method is used, follow the manufacturer´s instructions."]
[]
["Penicillins","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU"]
["Amoxicillin oral","0.125","0.125"]
[]
[]
["Fluoroquinolones","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU"]
["Levofloxacin",1,1]
[]
[]
["Macrolides","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU"]
["Clarithromycin","0.25","0.25"]
[]
[]
["Tetracyclines","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU"]
["Tetracycline",1,1]
[]
[]
["Miscellaneous agents","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU"]
["Metronidazole",8,8]
["Rifampicin",1,1]

{"sheet":"L.monocytogenes","index":21,"n_rows":35,"n_cols":9,"rows_kept":35,"merged":[[1,0,1,1],[1,3,1,6],[3,0,3,5],[5,0,6,0],[5,1,5,3],[5,4,6,4],[5,5,5,7],[5,8,6,8],[7,8,9,8],[12,0,13,0],[12,1,12,3],[12,4,13,4],[12,5,12,7],[12,8,13,8],[17,0,18,0],[17,1,17,3],[17,4,18,4],[17,5,17,7],[17,8,18,8],[22,0,23,0],[22,1,22,3],[22,4,23,4],[22,5,22,7],[22,8,23,8],[27,0,28,0],[27,1,27,3],[27,4,28,4],[27,5,27,7],[27,8,28,8],[32,0,33,0],[32,1,32,3],[32,4,33,4],[32,5,32,7],[32,8,33,8]]}
["Listeria monocytogenes",{"$nulls":7},"EUCAST Clinical Breakpoint Tables v. 15.0, valid from 2025-01-01"]
["Expert Rules and Expected Phenotypes",null,null,"Guidance documents",{"$nulls":4},"For abbreviations and explanations of breakpoints, see the Notes sheet"]
[]
["MIC determination (broth microdilution according to ISO standard 20776-1)\nMedium: Cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth + 5% lysed horse blood and 20 mg/L β-NAD (MH-F broth)\nInoculum: 5x105 CFU/mL\nIncubation: Sealed panels, air, 35±1ºC, 18±2h\nReading: Unless otherwise stated, read MICs at the lowest concentration of the agent that completely inhibits visible growth. See ”EUCAST Reading Guide for broth microdilution” for further information.\nQuality control: Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 49619",{"$nulls":7},"Disk diffusion (EUCAST standardised disk diffusion method )\nMedium: Mueller-Hinton agar + 5% defibrinated horse blood and 20 mg/L β-NAD (MH-F)\nInoculum: McFarland 0.5\nIncubation: 5% CO2, 35±1ºC, 18±2h\nReading: Unless otherwise stated, read zone edges as the point showing no growth viewed from the front of the plate with the lid removed and with reflected light. See ”EUCAST Reading Guide for disk diffusion” for further information.\nQuality control: Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 49619."]
[]
["Penicillins","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Benzylpenicillin (indications other than meningitis)",1,1,null,"1 unit",13,13]
["Benzylpenicillin (meningitis)","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Ampicillin iv (all indications)",1,1,null,"2",16,16]
[]
[]
["Carbapenems","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Meropenem (all indications)","0.25","0.25",null,10,26,26]
[]
[]
["Fluoroquinolones","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Moxifloxacin (meningitis)","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
[]
[]
["Oxazolidinones","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Linezolid (meningitis)","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
[]
[]
["Macrolides","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Erythromycin (indications other than meningitis)",1,1,null,15,25,25]
[]
[]
["Miscellaneous agents","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (all indications)1","0.06","0.06",null,"1.25-23.75",29,29,null,"1. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in the ratio 1:19. Breakpoints are expressed as the trimethoprim concentration."]

{"sheet":"Pasteurella","index":22,"n_rows":36,"n_cols":9,"rows_kept":36,"merged":[[1,0,1,1],[1,3,1,6],[3,0,3,5],[5,0,5,8],[7,0,8,0],[7,1,7,3],[7,4,8,4],[7,5,7,7],[7,8,8,8],[9,8,12,8],[15,0,16,0],[15,1,15,3],[15,4,16,4],[15,5,15,7],[15,8,16,8],[20,0,21,0],[20,1,20,3],[20,4,21,4],[20,5,20,7],[20,8,21,8],[22,8,24,8],[27,0,28,0],[27,1,27,3],[27,4,28,4],[27,5,27,7],[27,8,28,8],[29,8,30,8],[33,0,34,0],[33,1,33,3],[33,4,34,4],[33,5,33,7],[33,8,34,8]]}
["Pasteurella spp.",{"$nulls":7},"EUCAST Clinical Breakpoint Tables v. 15.0, valid from 2025-01-01"]
["Expert Rules and Expected Phenotypes",null,null,"Guidance documents",{"$nulls":4},"For abbreviations and explanations of breakpoints, see the Notes sheet"]
[]
["MIC determination (broth microdilution according to ISO standard 20776-1)\nMedium: Cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth + 5% lysed horse blood and 20 mg/L β-NAD (MH-F broth)\nInoculum: 5x105 CFU/mL\nIncubation: Sealed panels, air, 35±1ºC, 18±2h\nReading: Unless otherwise stated, read MICs at the lowest concentration of the agent that completely inhibits visible growth. See ”EUCAST Reading Guide for broth microdilution” for further information.\nQuality control: Haemophilus influenzae ATCC 49766. For agents not covered by this strain and for control of the inhibitor component of beta-lactam inhibitor combinations, see EUCAST QC Tables.\n",{"$nulls":7},"Disk diffusion (EUCAST standardised disk diffusion method)\nMedium: Mueller-Hinton agar + 5% defibrinated horse blood and 20 mg/L β-NAD (MH-F)\nInoculum: McFarland 0.5\nIncubation: 5% CO2, 35±1ºC, 18±2h\nReading: Unless otherwise stated, read zone edges as the point showing no growth viewed from the front of the plate with the lid removed and with reflected light. See ”EUCAST Reading Guide for disk diffusion” for further information.\nQuality control: Haemophilus influenzae ATCC 49766. For agents not covered by this strain and for control of the inhibitor component of beta-lactam inhibitor-combination disks, see EUCAST QC Tables."]
[]
["EUCAST breakpoints are based mainly on data for Pasteurella multocida, although some data were included for other species (P. canis, P. dagmatis and P. aerogenes).            "]
[]
["Penicillins","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Benzylpenicillin","0.5","0.5",null,"1 unit",17,17,null,"1. For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of clavulanic acid is fixed at 2 mg/L. \n\nA. Infer susceptibility from benzylpenicillin susceptibility."]
["Ampicillin",1,1,null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Amoxicillin",1,1,null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid","11","11",null,"2-1",15,15]
[]
[]
["Cephalosporins","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Cefotaxime","0.03","0.03",null,5,26,26]
[]
[]
["Fluoroquinolones","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Ciprofloxacin","0.06","0.06",null,5,"27A","27A",null,"A. The nalidixic acid disk diffusion test can be used to screen for fluoroquinolone resistance. See Note B.\nB. Isolates categorised as screen negative can be reported susceptible to ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin. Isolates categorised as screen positive should be tested for susceptibility to individual agents or reported resistant."]
["Levofloxacin","0.06","0.06",null,5,"27A","27A"]
["Nalidixic acid (screen only)","NA","NA",null,30,"23B","23B"]
[]
[]
["Tetracyclines","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Doxycycline",1,1,null,null,"NoteA","NoteA",null,"A. Susceptibility to doxycycline can be inferred from the tetracycline disk diffusion screening test."]
["Tetracycline (screen only)","NA","NA",null,30,"24A","24A"]
[]
[]
["Miscellaneous agents","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole1","0.25","0.25",null,"1.25-23.75",23,23,null,"1. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in the ratio 1:19. Breakpoints are expressed as the trimethoprim concentration."]

{"sheet":"C.jejuni_C.coli","index":23,"n_rows":22,"n_cols":9,"rows_kept":22,"merged":[[1,0,1,1],[1,3,1,6],[3,0,3,5],[5,0,6,0],[5,1,5,3],[5,4,6,4],[5,5,5,7],[5,8,6,8],[10,0,11,0],[10,1,10,3],[10,4,11,4],[10,5,10,7],[10,8,11,8],[12,8,15,8],[18,0,19,0],[18,1,18,3],[18,4,19,4],[18,5,18,7],[18,8,19,8],[20,8,21,8]]}
["Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli",{"$nulls":7},"EUCAST Clinical Breakpoint Tables v. 15.0, valid from 2025-01-01"]
["Expert Rules and Expected Phenotypes",null,null,"Guidance documents",{"$nulls":4},"For abbreviations and explanations of breakpoints, see the Notes sheet"]
[]
["MIC determination (broth microdilution according to ISO standard 20776-1)\nMedium: Cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth + 5% lysed horse blood and 20 mg/L β-NAD (MH-F broth)\nInoculum: 5x105 CFU/mL\nIncubation: Microaerobic environment, 41±1ºC, 24±1h. Isolates with insufficient growth after 24h incubation are reincubated immediately and MICs read after a total of 40-48h incubation.\nReading: Unless otherwise stated, read MICs at the lowest concentration of the agent that completely inhibits visible growth. See ”EUCAST Reading Guide for broth microdilution” for further information.\nQuality control: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 (standard conditions for staphylococci)\n",{"$nulls":7},"Disk diffusion (EUCAST standardised disk diffusion method)\nMedium: Mueller-Hinton agar + 5% defibrinated horse blood and 20 mg/L β-NAD (MH-F). The MH-F plates should be dried prior to inoculation to reduce swarming (at 20-25°C overnight or at 35°C, with the lid removed, for 15 min).\nInoculum: McFarland 0.5\nIncubation: Microaerobic environment, 41±1ºC, 24±1h. Isolates with insufficient growth after 24h incubation are reincubated immediately and inhibition zones read after a total of 40-48h incubation.\nReading: Unless otherwise stated, read zone edges as the point showing no growth viewed from the front of the plate with the lid removed and with reflected light. See ”EUCAST Reading Guide for disk diffusion” for further information.\nQuality control: Campylobacter jejuni ATCC 33560"]
[]
["Fluoroquinolones","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Ciprofloxacin","0.001","0.5",null,5,50,26]
[]
[]
["Macrolides","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Azithromycin","Note1","Note1",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA",null,"1/A. Susceptibility to azithromycin and clarithromycin can be inferred from erythromycin."]
["Clarithromycin","Note1","Note1",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Erythromycin, C. jejuni","41","41",null,15,"20A","20A"]
["Erythromycin, C. coli","81","81",null,15,"24A","24A"]
[]
[]
["Tetracyclines","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Doxycycline","Note1","Note1",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA",null,"1/A. Susceptibility to doxycycline can be inferred from tetracycline."]
["Tetracycline","21","21",null,30,"30A","30A"]

{"sheet":"Corynebacterium","index":24,"n_rows":46,"n_cols":9,"rows_kept":46,"merged":[[0,0,0,1],[1,0,1,1],[1,3,1,6],[3,0,3,8],[5,0,5,5],[7,0,8,0],[7,1,7,3],[7,4,8,4],[7,5,7,7],[7,8,8,8],[12,0,13,0],[12,1,12,3],[12,4,13,4],[12,5,12,7],[12,8,13,8],[14,8,15,8],[18,0,19,0],[18,1,18,3],[18,4,19,4],[18,5,18,7],[18,8,19,8],[23,0,24,0],[23,1,23,3],[23,4,24,4],[23,5,23,7],[23,8,24,8],[28,0,29,0],[28,1,28,3],[28,4,29,4],[28,5,28,7],[28,8,29,8],[33,0,34,0],[33,1,33,3],[33,4,34,4],[33,5,33,7],[33,8,34,8],[38,0,39,0],[38,1,38,3],[38,4,39,4],[38,5,38,7],[38,8,39,8],[43,0,44,0],[43,1,43,3],[43,4,44,4],[43,5,43,7],[43,8,44,8]]}
["Corynebacterium spp.\nother than C. diphtheriae and C. ulcerans",{"$nulls":7},"EUCAST Clinical Breakpoint Tables v. 15.0, valid from 2025-01-01"]
["Expert Rules and Expected Phenotypes",null,null,"Guidance documents",{"$nulls":4},"For abbreviations and explanations of breakpoints, see the Notes sheet"]
[]
["Breakpoints for C. diphtheriae and C. ulcerans are listed in a separate table. "]
[]
["MIC determination (broth microdilution according to ISO standard 20776-1)\nMedium: Cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth + 5% lysed horse blood and 20 mg/L β-NAD (MH-F broth)\nInoculum: 5x105 CFU/mL\nIncubation: Sealed panels, air, 35±1ºC, 18±2h (for glycopeptides 24h). Isolates with insufficient growth after 16-20h incubation are reincubated immediately and MICs read after a total of 40-44h incubation.\nReading: Unless otherwise stated, read MICs at the lowest concentration of the agent that completely inhibits visible growth. See ”EUCAST Reading Guide for broth microdilution” for further information.\nQuality control: Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 49619. For agents not covered by this strain, see EUCAST QC Tables.",{"$nulls":7},"Disk diffusion (EUCAST standardised disk diffusion method)\nMedium: Mueller-Hinton agar + 5% defibrinated horse blood and 20 mg/L β-NAD (MH-F)\nInoculum: McFarland 0.5\nIncubation: 5% CO2, 35±1ºC, 18±2h. Isolates with insufficient growth after 16-20h incubation are reincubated immediately and inhibition zones read after a total of 40-44h incubation.\nReading: Unless otherwise stated, read zone edges as the point showing no growth viewed from the front of the plate with the lid removed and with reflected light. See ”EUCAST Reading Guide for disk diffusion” for further information.\nQuality control: Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 49619. For agents not covered by this strain, see EUCAST QC Tables."]
[]
["Penicillins","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Benzylpenicillin","0.001",1,null,"1 unit",50,12]
[]
[]
["Fluoroquinolones","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Ciprofloxacin","0.001",1,null,5,50,25]
["Moxifloxacin","0.5","0.5",null,5,25,25]
[]
[]
["Aminoglycosides","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Gentamicin","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
[]
[]
["Glycopeptides","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Vancomycin",2,2,null,5,"17A","17A",null,"A. Non-wild type isolates were not available when developing the disk diffusion method."]
[]
[]
["Macrolides and lincosamides","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Clindamycin1","0.5","0.5",null,2,"20","20",null,"1. Inducible clindamycin resistance may occur in Corynebacterium spp. This can be detected by antagonism of clindamycin activity by a macrolide agent. The clinical significance is unknown. There is currently no recommendation for testing."]
[]
[]
["Tetracyclines","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Tetracycline",2,2,null,30,24,24]
[]
[]
["Oxazolidinones","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Linezolid",2,2,null,10,25,25]
[]
[]
["Miscellaneous agents","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Rifampicin","0.06","0.06",null,5,"30","30"]

{"sheet":"C.diphtheriae_C.ulcerans","index":25,"n_rows":47,"n_cols":9,"rows_kept":47,"merged":[[1,0,1,1],[1,3,1,6],[3,0,3,5],[5,0,6,0],[5,1,5,3],[5,4,6,4],[5,5,5,7],[5,8,6,8],[7,8,8,8],[11,0,12,0],[11,1,11,3],[11,4,12,4],[11,5,11,7],[11,8,12,8],[16,0,17,0],[16,1,16,3],[16,4,17,4],[16,5,16,7],[16,8,17,8],[21,0,22,0],[21,1,21,3],[21,4,22,4],[21,5,21,7],[21,8,22,8],[26,0,27,0],[26,1,26,3],[26,4,27,4],[26,5,26,7],[26,8,27,8],[28,8,29,8],[32,0,33,0],[32,1,32,3],[32,4,33,4],[32,5,32,7],[32,8,33,8],[34,8,35,8],[38,0,39,0],[38,1,38,3],[38,4,39,4],[38,5,38,7],[38,8,39,8],[43,0,44,0],[43,1,43,3],[43,4,44,4],[43,5,43,7],[43,8,44,8],[45,8,46,8]]}
["Corynebacterium diphtheriae and C. ulcerans",{"$nulls":7},"EUCAST Clinical Breakpoint Tables v. 15.0, valid from 2025-01-01"]
["Expert Rules and Expected Phenotypes",null,null,"Guidance documents",{"$nulls":4},"For abbreviations and explanations of breakpoints, see the Notes sheet"]
[]
["MIC determination (broth microdilution according to ISO standard 20776-1)\nMedium: Cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth + 5% lysed horse blood and 20 mg/L β-NAD (MH-F broth)\nInoculum: 5x105 CFU/mL\nIncubation: Sealed panels, air, 35±1ºC, 18±2h. Isolates with insufficient growth after 16-20h incubation are reincubated immediately and MICs read after a total of 40-44h incubation.\nReading: Unless otherwise stated, read MICs at the lowest concentration of the agent that completely inhibits visible growth. See ”EUCAST Reading Guide for broth microdilution” for further information.\nQuality control: Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 49619. For agents not covered by this strain, see EUCAST QC Tables.",{"$nulls":7},"Disk diffusion (EUCAST standardised disk diffusion method)\nMedium: Mueller-Hinton agar + 5% defibrinated horse blood and 20 mg/L β-NAD (MH-F)\nInoculum: McFarland 0.5\nIncubation: 5% CO2, 35±1ºC, 18±2h. Isolates with insufficient growth after 16-20h incubation are reincubated immediately and inhibition zones read after a total of 40-44h incubation.\nReading: Unless otherwise stated, read zone edges as the point showing no growth viewed from the front of the plate with the lid removed and with reflected light. See ”EUCAST Reading Guide for disk diffusion” for further information.\nQuality control: Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 49619. For agents not covered by this strain, see EUCAST QC Tables."]
[]
["Penicillins","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Benzylpenicillin","0.001",1,null,"1 unit",50,12,null,"1/A. Isolates \"susceptible, increased exposure” (I) to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to amoxicillin. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to amoxicillin or reported resistant."]
["Amoxicillin","11","11",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
[]
[]
["Cephalosporins","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Cefotaxime","0.0011","21",null,"5","50A","15A",null,"1/A. Isolates \"susceptible, increased exposure” (I) to benzylpenicillin can be reported \"susceptible, increased exposure” (I) to cefotaxime. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to cefotaxime or reported resistant."]
[]
[]
["Carbapenems","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Meropenem","0.251","0.251",null,"10","24A","24A",null,"1/A. Isolates \"susceptible, increased exposure” (I) to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to meropenem. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to meropenem or reported resistant."]
[]
[]
["Fluoroquinolones","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Ciprofloxacin","0.001","0.5",null,5,50,24]
[]
[]
["Macrolides and lincosamides","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Erythromycin","0.06","0.06",null,"15","24","24",null,"1. Wild-type C. ulcerans is less susceptible to clindamycin."]
["Clindamycin, C. diphtheriae1","0.5","0.5",null,"2","15","15"]
[]
[]
["Tetracyclines","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Doxycycline","0.51","0.51",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA",null,"1/A. Isolates susceptible to tetracycline can be reported susceptible to doxycycline. Isolates resistant to tetracycline should be tested for susceptibility to doxycycline or reported resistant."]
["Tetracycline",1,1,null,30,24,24]
[]
[]
["Oxazolidinones","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Linezolid",2,2,null,10,25,25]
[]
[]
["Miscellaneous agents","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Rifampicin","0.06","0.06",null,"5","24","24",null,"1. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in the ratio 1:19. Breakpoints are expressed as the trimethoprim concentration."]
["Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole1","0.5","0.5",null,"1.25-23.75","23","23"]

{"sheet":"A.sanguinicola_A.urinae","index":26,"n_rows":33,"n_cols":9,"rows_kept":33,"merged":[[1,0,1,1],[1,3,1,6],[3,0,3,5],[5,0,6,0],[5,1,5,3],[5,4,6,4],[5,5,5,7],[5,8,6,8],[7,8,9,8],[12,0,13,0],[12,1,12,3],[12,4,13,4],[12,5,12,7],[12,8,13,8],[17,0,18,0],[17,1,17,3],[17,4,18,4],[17,5,17,7],[17,8,18,8],[19,8,21,8],[24,0,25,0],[24,1,24,3],[24,4,25,4],[24,5,24,7],[24,8,25,8],[29,0,30,0],[29,1,29,3],[29,4,30,4],[29,5,29,7],[29,8,30,8],[31,8,32,8]]}
["Aerococcus sanguinicola and A. urinae",{"$nulls":7},"EUCAST Clinical Breakpoint Tables v. 15.0, valid from 2025-01-01"]
["Expert Rules and Expected Phenotypes",null,null,"Guidance documents",{"$nulls":4},"For abbreviations and explanations of breakpoints, see the Notes sheet"]
[]
["MIC determination (broth microdilution according to ISO standard 20776-1)1\nMedium: Cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth + 5% lysed horse blood and 20 mg/L β-NAD (MH-F broth)\nInoculum: 5x105 CFU/mL\nIncubation: Sealed panels, air, 35±1ºC, 18±2h (for glycopeptides 24h). Isolates with insufficient growth after 16-20h incubation are reincubated immediately and MICs read after a total of 40-44h incubation.\nReading: Unless otherwise stated, read MICs at the lowest concentration of the agent that completely inhibits visible growth. See ”EUCAST Reading Guide for broth microdilution” for further information.\nQuality control: Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 49619. For agents not covered by this strain, see EUCAST QC Tables.\n1 For fluoroquinolones, agar dilution may produce clearer endpoints.",{"$nulls":7},"Disk diffusion (EUCAST standardised disk diffusion method)\nMedium: Mueller-Hinton agar + 5% defibrinated horse blood and 20 mg/L β-NAD (MH-F)\nInoculum: McFarland 0.5\nIncubation: 5% CO2, 35±1ºC, 18±2h. Isolates with insufficient growth after 16-20h incubation are reincubated immediately and inhibition zones read after a total of 40-44h incubation.\nReading: Unless otherwise stated, read zone edges as the point showing no growth viewed from the front of the plate with the lid removed and with reflected light. See ”EUCAST Reading Guide for disk diffusion” for further information.\nQuality control: Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 49619. For agents not covered by this strain, see EUCAST QC Tables."]
[]
["Penicillins","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Benzylpenicillin","0.125","0.125",null,"1 unit",21,21,null,"1/A. Infer susceptibility from ampicillin susceptibility."]
["Ampicillin","0.25","0.25",null,2,26,26]
["Amoxicillin","Note1","Note1",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
[]
[]
["Carbapenems","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Meropenem","0.25","0.25",null,10,31,31]
[]
[]
["Fluoroquinolones","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Ciprofloxacin (uncomplicated UTI only)",2,2,null,5,"21A","21A",null,"1. Susceptibility can be inferred from ciprofloxacin susceptibility.\n\nA. Susceptibility can be inferred from the norfloxacin disk diffusion screening test. See Note C. \nB. Susceptibility can be inferred from the ciprofloxacin susceptibility or the norfloxacin disk diffusion screening test. See Note C. \nC. The norfloxacin disk diffusion test can be used to screen for fluoroquinolone resistance."]
["Levofloxacin (uncomplicated UTI only)","21","21",null,null,"NoteB","NoteB"]
["Norfloxacin (screen only)","NA","NA",null,10,"17C","17C"]
[]
[]
["Glycopeptides","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Vancomycin",1,1,null,5,"16A","16A",null,"A. Non-wild type isolates were not available when developing the disk diffusion method."]
[]
[]
["Miscellaneous agents","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Nitrofurantoin (uncomplicated UTI only)",16,16,null,100,16,16]
["Rifampicin","0.125","0.125",null,5,25,25]

{"sheet":"K.kingae","index":27,"n_rows":49,"n_cols":9,"rows_kept":49,"merged":[[1,0,1,1],[1,3,1,6],[3,0,3,5],[5,0,6,0],[5,1,5,3],[5,4,6,4],[5,5,5,7],[5,8,6,8],[7,8,10,8],[13,0,14,0],[13,1,13,3],[13,4,14,4],[13,5,13,7],[13,8,14,8],[15,8,17,8],[20,0,21,0],[20,1,20,3],[20,4,21,4],[20,5,20,7],[20,8,21,8],[25,0,26,0],[25,1,25,3],[25,4,26,4],[25,5,25,7],[25,8,26,8],[27,8,28,8],[31,0,32,0],[31,1,31,3],[31,4,32,4],[31,5,31,7],[31,8,32,8],[33,8,36,8],[39,0,40,0],[39,1,39,3],[39,4,40,4],[39,5,39,7],[39,8,40,8],[41,8,42,8],[45,0,46,0],[45,1,45,3],[45,4,46,4],[45,5,45,7],[45,8,46,8],[47,8,48,8]]}
["Kingella kingae",{"$nulls":7},"EUCAST Clinical Breakpoint Tables v. 15.0, valid from 2025-01-01"]
["Expert Rules and Expected Phenotypes",null,null,"Guidance documents",{"$nulls":4},"For abbreviations and explanations of breakpoints, see the Notes sheet"]
[]
["MIC determination (broth microdilution according to ISO standard 20776-1)\nMedium: Cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth + 5% lysed horse blood and 20 mg/L β-NAD (MH-F broth)\nInoculum: 5x105 CFU/mL\nIncubation: Sealed panels, air, 35±1ºC, 18±2h. Isolates with insufficient growth after 16-20h incubation are reincubated immediately and inhibition zones read after a total of 40-44h incubation.\nReading: Unless otherwise stated, read MICs at the lowest concentration of the agent that completely inhibits visible growth. See ”EUCAST Reading Guide for broth microdilution” for further information.\nQuality control: Haemophilus influenzae ATCC 49766. For agents not covered by this strain, see EUCAST QC Tables.\n",{"$nulls":7},"Disk diffusion (EUCAST standardised disk diffusion method)\nMedium: Mueller-Hinton agar + 5% defibrinated horse blood and 20 mg/L β-NAD (MH-F)\nInoculum: McFarland 0.5\nIncubation: 5% CO2, 35±1ºC, 18±2h. Isolates with insufficient growth after 16-20h incubation are reincubated immediately and inhibition zones read after a total of 40-44h incubation.\nReading: Unless otherwise stated, read zone edges as the point showing no growth viewed from the front of the plate with the lid removed and with reflected light. See ”EUCAST Reading Guide for disk diffusion” for further information.\nQuality control: Haemophilus influenzae ATCC 49766. For agents not covered by this strain, see EUCAST QC Tables."]
[]
["Penicillins1","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Benzylpenicillin","0.03","0.03",null,"1 unit",25,25,null,"1. Beta-lactamase positive isolates can be reported resistant to benzylpenicillin and to ampicillin and amoxicillin without inhibitors. Tests based on a chromogenic cephalosporin can be used to detect the beta-lactamase. Beta-lactam resistance mechanisms other than beta-lactamase production have not yet been described for K. kingae.\n2/A. Susceptibility can be inferred from benzylpenicillin susceptibility.\n3. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the fixed concentration of 2 mg/L for clavulanic acid is such that artefactually low MIC values may be obtained. Therefore no breakpoints can be given. This does not affect disk diffusion where the concentration of the inhibitor decreases proportionally with the concentration of the agent."]
["Ampicillin","0.062","0.062",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Amoxicillin","0.1252","0.1252",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid","Note3","Note3",null,"2-1",22,22]
[]
[]
["Cephalosporins","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Cefotaxime","0.125","0.125",null,5,"27","27"]
["Ceftriaxone","0.06","0.06",null,30,"30","30"]
["Cefuroxime iv","0.5","0.5",null,30,"29","29"]
[]
[]
["Carbapenems","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Meropenem","0.03","0.03",null,10,30,30]
[]
[]
["Fluoroquinolones","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Ciprofloxacin","0.06","0.06",null,5,28,28]
["Levofloxacin","0.125","0.125",null,5,28,28]
[]
[]
["Macrolides and lincosamides","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Azithromycin","0.251","0.251",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA",null,"1. Susceptibility can be inferred from erythromycin susceptibility.\n\nA. Infer susceptibility from erythromycin susceptibility."]
["Clarithromycin","0.51","0.51",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
["Erythromycin","0.5","0.5",null,15,20,20]
["Clindamycin","-","-",null,null,"-","-"]
[]
[]
["Tetracyclines","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Doxycycline","0.51","0.51",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA",null,"1/A. Tetracycline can be used to screen for resistance in tetracycline agents. Isolates categorised as susceptible can be reported susceptible to doxycycline. Isolates categorised as resistant should be tested for susceptibility to doxycycline or reported resistant."]
["Tetracycline","0.5","0.5",null,30,28,28]
[]
[]
["Miscellaneous agents","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Rifampicin","0.5","0.5",null,5,20,20,null,"1. Trimethoprim:sulfamethoxazole in the ratio 1:19. Breakpoints are expressed as the trimethoprim concentration."]
["Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole1","0.25","0.25",null,"1.25-23.75",28,28]

{"sheet":"Aeromonas","index":28,"n_rows":40,"n_cols":9,"rows_kept":40,"merged":[[1,0,1,1],[1,3,1,6],[3,0,3,5],[5,0,6,0],[5,1,5,3],[5,4,6,4],[5,5,5,7],[5,8,6,8],[7,8,8,8],[11,0,12,0],[11,1,11,3],[11,4,12,4],[11,5,11,7],[11,8,12,8],[16,0,17,0],[16,1,16,3],[16,4,17,4],[16,5,16,7],[16,8,17,8],[18,8,19,8],[21,0,22,0],[21,1,21,3],[21,4,22,4],[21,5,21,7],[21,8,22,8]]}
["Aeromonas spp.",{"$nulls":7},"EUCAST Clinical Breakpoint Tables v. 15.0, valid from 2025-01-01"]
["Expert Rules and Expected Phenotypes",null,null,"Guidance documents",{"$nulls":4},"For abbreviations and explanations of breakpoints, see the Notes sheet"]
[]
["MIC determination (broth microdilution according to ISO standard 20776-1)\nMedium: Cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth\nInoculum: 5x105 CFU/mL\nIncubation: Sealed panels, air, 35±1ºC, 18±2h\nReading: Unless otherwise stated, read MICs at the lowest concentration of the agent that completely inhibits visible growth. See ”EUCAST Reading Guide for broth microdilution” for further information.\nQuality control: Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. For agents not covered by this strain, see EUCAST QC Tables.",{"$nulls":7},"Disk diffusion (EUCAST standardised disk diffusion method)\nMedium: Mueller-Hinton agar\nInoculum: McFarland 0.5\nIncubation: Air, 35±1ºC, 18±2h\nReading: Unless otherwise stated, read zone edges as the point showing no growth viewed from the back of the plate against a dark background illuminated with reflected light. See ”EUCAST Reading Guide for disk diffusion” for further information.\nQuality control: Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. For agents not covered by this strain, see EUCAST QC Tables."]
[]
["Cephalosporins","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Cefepime",1,4,null,30,27,24]
["Ceftazidime",1,4,null,10,24,21]
[]
[]
["Monobactams","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Aztreonam",1,4,null,30,29,26]
[]
[]
["Fluoroquinolones","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Ciprofloxacin","0.25","0.5",null,5,27,24]
["Levofloxacin","0.5",1,null,5,27,24]
[]
["Miscellaneous agents","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole1",2,4,null,"1.25-23.75","19A","16A",null,"1. Trimethoprim:sulfamethoxazole in the ratio 1:19. Breakpoints are expressed as the trimethoprim concentration.\n\nA. Read the obvious zone edge and disregard haze or growth within the inhibition zone (see pictures below). "]
{"$rows_empty":14}
["Examples of inhibition zones for Aeromonas spp. with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole."]
["a-c) Read the obvious zone edge and disregard haze or growth within the inhibition zone."]

{"sheet":"A.xylosoxidans","index":29,"n_rows":40,"n_cols":9,"rows_kept":40,"merged":[[1,0,1,1],[1,3,1,6],[3,0,3,5],[5,0,6,0],[5,1,5,3],[5,4,6,4],[5,5,5,7],[5,8,6,8],[10,0,11,0],[10,1,10,3],[10,4,11,4],[10,5,10,7],[10,8,11,8],[15,0,16,0],[15,1,15,3],[15,4,16,4],[15,5,15,7],[15,8,16,8],[20,0,21,0],[20,1,20,3],[20,4,21,4],[20,5,20,7],[20,8,21,8]]}
["Achromobacter xylosoxidans",{"$nulls":7},"EUCAST Clinical Breakpoint Tables v. 15.0, valid from 2025-01-01"]
["Expert Rules and Expected Phenotypes",null,null,"Guidance documents",{"$nulls":4},"For abbreviations and explanations of breakpoints, see the Notes sheet"]
[]
["MIC determination (broth microdilution according to ISO standard 20776-1)\nMedium: Cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth\nInoculum: 5x105 CFU/mL\nIncubation: Sealed panels, air, 35±1ºC, 18±2h\nReading: Unless otherwise stated, read MICs at the lowest concentration of the agent that completely inhibits visible growth. See ”EUCAST Reading Guide for broth microdilution” for further information.\nQuality control: Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. For agents not covered by this strain and for control of the inhibitor component of beta-lactam inhibitor combinations, see EUCAST QC Tables.",{"$nulls":7},"Disk diffusion (EUCAST standardised disk diffusion method)\nMedium: Mueller-Hinton agar\nInoculum: McFarland 0.5\nIncubation: Air, 35±1ºC, 18±2h\nReading: Unless otherwise stated, read zone edges as the point showing no growth viewed from the back of the plate against a dark background illuminated with reflected light. See ”EUCAST Reading Guide for disk diffusion” for further information.\nQuality control: Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. For agents not covered by this strain and for control of the inhibitor component of beta-lactam inhibitor combination disks, see EUCAST QC Tables."]
[]
["Penicillins","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Piperacillin-tazobactam","41","41",null,"30-6",26,26,null,"1. For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of tazobactam is fixed at 4 mg/L. "]
[]
[]
["Cephalosporins","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Cefiderocol1","Note2","Note2",null,30,"NoteA","NoteA",null,"1. Broth microdilution MIC determination must be performed in iron-depleted Mueller-Hinton broth and specific reading instructions must be followed. For testing conditions and reading instructions, see https://www.eucast.org/eucastguidancedocuments/.\n2/A. The in vitro activity of cefiderocol against Achromobacter xylosoxidans is comparable to the activity of the agent against Enterobacterales and there is also animal data to suggest efficacy. However, there is insufficient clinical data to determine a clinical breakpoint. Isolates with MIC values ≤0.5 mg/L (zone diameter ≥26 mm) are mostly devoid of resistance mechanisms. Isolates with MICs 1-2 mg/L have acquired resistance mechanisms which may result in impaired clinical response. Isolates with MIC values >2 mg/L (zone diameter <22 mm) will likely be resistant."]
[]
[]
["Carbapenems","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Meropenem",1,4,null,10,26,20]
[]
[]
["Miscellaneous agents","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole1","0.125","0.125",null,"1.25-23.75","26A","26A",null,"1. Trimethoprim:sulfamethoxazole in the ratio 1:19. Breakpoints are expressed as the trimethoprim concentration.\n\nA. There may be growth within the inhibition zone. The density of growth may vary from a fine haze to substantial growth (see pictures below). If any zone edge can be seen, ignore growth within the inhibition zone and read the zone diameter."]
{"$rows_empty":14}
["Examples of inhibition zones for Achromobacter xylosoxidans with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole."]
["a-b) An outer zone can be seen. Read the outer zone edge and interpret according to the breakpoints."]
["c) Growth up to the disk and no sign of inhibition zone. Report resistant."]

{"sheet":"Vibrio","index":30,"n_rows":46,"n_cols":9,"rows_kept":46,"merged":[[1,0,1,1],[1,3,1,6],[3,0,3,5],[5,0,5,8],[7,0,8,0],[7,1,7,3],[7,4,8,4],[7,5,7,7],[7,8,8,8],[12,0,13,0],[12,1,12,3],[12,4,13,4],[12,5,12,7],[12,8,13,8],[14,8,16,8],[19,0,20,0],[19,1,19,3],[19,4,20,4],[19,5,19,7],[19,8,20,8],[24,0,25,0],[24,1,24,3],[24,4,25,4],[24,5,24,7],[24,8,25,8],[26,8,28,8],[31,0,32,0],[31,1,31,3],[31,4,32,4],[31,5,31,7],[31,8,32,8],[33,8,34,8],[37,0,38,0],[37,1,37,3],[37,4,38,4],[37,5,37,7],[37,8,38,8],[39,8,40,8],[43,0,44,0],[43,1,43,3],[43,4,44,4],[43,5,43,7],[43,8,44,8]]}
["Vibrio spp.",{"$nulls":7},"EUCAST Clinical Breakpoint Tables v. 15.0, valid from 2025-01-01"]
["Expert Rules and Expected Phenotypes",null,null,"Guidance documents",{"$nulls":4},"For abbreviations and explanations of breakpoints, see the Notes sheet"]
[]
["MIC determination (broth microdilution according to ISO standard 20776-1)\nMedium: Cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth\nInoculum: 5x105 CFU/mL\nIncubation: Sealed panels, air, 35±1ºC, 18±2h\nReading: Unless otherwise stated, read MICs at the lowest concentration of the agent that completely inhibits visible growth. See ”EUCAST Reading Guide for broth microdilution” for further information.\nQuality control: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. For agents not covered by this strain and for control of the inhibitor component of beta-lactam inhibitor combinations, see EUCAST QC Tables.",{"$nulls":7},"Disk diffusion (EUCAST standardised disk diffusion method)\nMedium: Mueller-Hinton agar\nInoculum: McFarland 0.5\nIncubation: Air, 35±1ºC, 18±2h\nReading: Unless otherwise stated, read zone edges as the point showing no growth viewed from the back of the plate against a dark background illuminated with reflected light. See ”EUCAST Reading Guide for disk diffusion” for further information.\nQuality control: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. For agents not covered by this strain and for control of the inhibitor component of beta-lactam inhibitor combination disks, see EUCAST QC Tables."]
[]
["Breakpoints are valid for V. alginolyticus, V. cholerae, V. fluvialis, V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus."]
[]
["Penicillins","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Piperacillin-tazobactam","11","11",null,"30-6",26,26,null,"1. For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of tazobactam is fixed at 4 mg/L. "]
[]
[]
["Cephalosporins","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Cefotaxime","0.25","0.25",null,5,21,21]
["Cefotaxime, V. fluvialis","IE","IE",null,null,"IE","IE"]
["Ceftazidime",1,1,null,10,22,22]
[]
[]
["Carbapenems","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Meropenem","0.5","0.5",null,10,24,24]
[]
[]
["Fluoroquinolones","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Ciprofloxacin","0.25","0.25",null,5,"23A","23A",null,"A. Susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin can be inferred from the pefloxacin disk diffusion screening test."]
["Levofloxacin","0.25","0.25",null,5,"23A","23A"]
["Pefloxacin (screen only)","NA","NA",null,5,"22A","22A"]
[]
[]
["Macrolides","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Azithromycin",4,4,null,15,"16A","16A",null,"1/A. Susceptibility to azithromycin (and erythromycin when azithromycin is not available) is inferred from the erythromycin disk diffusion test. "]
["Erythromycin (screen only)1","NA","NA",null,15,"12A","12A"]
[]
[]
["Tetracyclines","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Doxycycline","0.5","0.5",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA",null,"1/A. Susceptibility to doxycycline (and tetracycline when doxycycline is not available) is inferred from the tetracycline disk diffusion test. "]
["Tetracycline (screen only)1","NA","NA",null,30,"20A","20A"]
[]
[]
["Miscellaneous agents","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole1","0.25","0.25",null,"1.25-23.75",21,21,null,"1. Trimethoprim:sulfamethoxazole in the ratio 1:19. Breakpoints are expressed as the trimethoprim concentration. "]

{"sheet":"Bacillus","index":31,"n_rows":34,"n_cols":9,"rows_kept":34,"merged":[[1,0,1,1],[1,3,1,6],[3,0,3,5],[5,0,5,8],[7,0,8,0],[7,1,7,3],[7,4,8,4],[7,5,7,7],[7,8,8,8],[9,8,10,8],[13,0,14,0],[13,1,13,3],[13,4,14,4],[13,5,13,7],[13,8,14,8],[15,8,17,8],[20,0,21,0],[20,1,20,3],[20,4,21,4],[20,5,20,7],[20,8,21,8],[25,0,26,0],[25,1,25,3],[25,4,26,4],[25,5,25,7],[25,8,26,8],[27,8,28,8],[31,0,32,0],[31,1,31,3],[31,4,32,4],[31,5,31,7],[31,8,32,8]]}
["Bacillus spp.\nexcept B. anthracis",{"$nulls":7},"EUCAST Clinical Breakpoint Tables v. 15.0, valid from 2025-01-01"]
["Expert Rules and Expected Phenotypes",null,null,"Guidance documents",{"$nulls":4},"For abbreviations and explanations of breakpoints, see the Notes sheet"]
[]
["MIC determination (broth microdilution according to ISO standard 20776-1)\nMedium: Cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth\nInoculum: 5x105 CFU/mL\nIncubation: Sealed panels, air, 35±1ºC, 18±2h (for glycopeptides 24h)\nReading: Unless otherwise stated, read MICs at the lowest concentration of the agent that completely inhibits visible growth. See ”EUCAST Reading Guide for broth microdilution” for further information.\nQuality control: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213. For agents not covered by this strain, see EUCAST QC Tables.",{"$nulls":7},"Disk diffusion (EUCAST standardised disk diffusion method)\nMedium: Mueller-Hinton agar\nInoculum: McFarland 0.5\nIncubation: Air, 35±1ºC, 18±2h\nReading: Unless otherwise stated, read zone edges as the point showing no growth viewed from the back of the plate against a dark background illuminated with reflected light. See ”EUCAST Reading Guide for disk diffusion” for further information.\nQuality control: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213. For agents not covered by this strain, see EUCAST QC Tables."]
[]
["This genus includes several species. The most frequent species belong to the Bacillus cereus complex (B. cereus, B. thuringiensis, B. mycoides and B. weihenstephanensis). The breakpoints are not valid for B. anthracis. Breakpoints for B. anthracis are listed in a separate table. "]
[]
["Carbapenems","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Imipenem","0.5","0.5",null,10,30,30]
["Meropenem","0.25","0.25",null,10,25,25]
[]
[]
["Fluoroquinolones","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Ciprofloxacin","0.001","0.5",null,5,"50A","23A",null,"A. The norfloxacin disk diffusion test can be used to screen for fluoroquinolone resistance. See Note B.\nB. Isolates categorised as screen negative can be reported \"susceptible increased exposure\" (I) to ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin. Isolates categorised as screen positive can be reported resistant to ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin."]
["Levofloxacin","0.001","1",null,5,"50A","23A"]
["Norfloxacin (screen only)","NA","NA",null,10,"21B","21B"]
[]
[]
["Glycopeptides","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Vancomycin",2,2,null,5,"10A","10A",null,"A. Non-wild type isolates were not available when developing the disk diffusion method."]
[]
[]
["Macrolides and lincosamides","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Erythromycin","0.5","0.5",null,15,24,24]
["Clindamycin",1,1,null,2,17,17]
[]
[]
["Oxazolidinones","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Linezolid",2,2,null,10,22,22]

{"sheet":"B.anthracis","index":32,"n_rows":41,"n_cols":9,"rows_kept":41,"merged":[[1,0,1,1],[1,3,1,6],[3,0,3,5],[5,0,6,0],[5,1,5,3],[5,4,6,4],[5,5,5,7],[5,8,6,8],[7,8,8,8],[11,0,12,0],[11,1,11,3],[11,4,12,4],[11,5,11,7],[11,8,12,8],[13,8,14,8],[17,0,18,0],[17,1,17,3],[17,4,18,4],[17,5,17,7],[17,8,18,8],[22,0,23,0],[22,1,22,3],[22,4,23,4],[22,5,22,7],[22,8,23,8],[27,0,28,0],[27,1,27,3],[27,4,28,4],[27,5,27,7],[27,8,28,8],[29,8,30,8],[33,0,34,0],[33,1,33,3],[33,4,34,4],[33,5,33,7],[33,8,34,8],[38,0,39,0],[38,1,38,3],[38,4,39,4],[38,5,38,7],[38,8,39,8]]}
["Bacillus anthracis",{"$nulls":7},"EUCAST Clinical Breakpoint Tables v. 15.0, valid from 2025-01-01"]
["Expert Rules and Expected Phenotypes",null,null,"Guidance documents",{"$nulls":4},"For abbreviations and explanations of breakpoints, see the Notes sheet"]
[]
["MIC determination (broth microdilution according to ISO standard 20776-1)\nMedium: Cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth\nInoculum: See Note below\nIncubation: Sealed panels, air, 35±1ºC, 17±1h (for glycopeptides 24h)\nReading: Unless otherwise stated, read MICs at the lowest concentration of the agent that completely inhibits visible growth. See ”EUCAST Reading Guide for broth microdilution” for further information.\nQuality control: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213\nNote: One CFU for this bacterium corresponds to a chain consisting of multiple cells rather than to a single cell. The inoculum should be based on dilutions made from the theoretical CFU/mL of a McF 0.5 solution (1-2x108CFU/mL) to reach a theoretical inoculum of 5x105 CFU/mL. ",{"$nulls":7},"Disk diffusion (EUCAST standardised disk diffusion method)\nMedium: Mueller-Hinton agar\nInoculum: McFarland 0.5\nIncubation: Air, 35±1ºC, 17±1h\nReading: Unless otherwise stated, read zone edges as the point showing no growth viewed from the back of the plate against a dark background illuminated with reflected light. See ”EUCAST Reading Guide for disk diffusion” for further information.\nQuality control: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213. For agents not covered by this strain, see EUCAST QC Tables."]
[]
["Penicillins","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Benzylpenicillin","0.001","0.5",null,"1 unit",50,18,null,"1/A. Isolates \"susceptible, increased exposure” (I) to benzylpenicillin can be reported susceptible to amoxicillin. Isolates resistant to benzylpenicillin should be tested for susceptibility to amoxicillin or reported resistant."]
["Amoxicillin iv","0.1251","0.1251",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA"]
[]
[]
["Fluoroquinolones","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Ciprofloxacin","0.001","0.25",null,5,50,24]
["Levofloxacin","0.001","0.5",null,5,50,23]
[]
[]
["Glycopeptides","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Vancomycin","(4)1","(4)1",null,5,"(10)A","(10)A",null,"1/A. For information on how to use breakpoints in brackets, see https://www.eucast.org/eucastguidancedocuments/."]
[]
[]
["Macrolides and lincosamides","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Clindamycin",1,1,null,2,17,17]
[]
[]
["Tetracyclines","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Doxycycline","0.061","0.061",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA",null,"1/A. Isolates susceptible to tetracycline can be reported susceptible to doxycycline. Isolates resistant to tetracycline should be tested for susceptibility to doxycycline or reported resistant."]
["Tetracycline","0.125","0.125",null,30,26,26]
[]
[]
["Oxazolidinones","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Linezolid",2,2,null,10,20,20]
[]
[]
["Miscellaneous agents","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Rifampicin","(1)1","(1)1",null,"5","(12)A","(12)A",null,"1/A. For information on how to use breakpoints in brackets, see https://www.eucast.org/eucastguidancedocuments/."]

{"sheet":"B.melitensis ","index":33,"n_rows":34,"n_cols":9,"rows_kept":34,"merged":[[1,0,1,1],[1,3,1,6],[3,0,3,5],[5,0,5,8],[7,0,8,0],[7,1,7,3],[7,4,8,4],[7,5,7,7],[7,8,8,8],[12,0,13,0],[12,1,12,3],[12,4,13,4],[12,5,12,7],[12,8,13,8],[14,8,15,8],[18,0,19,0],[18,1,18,3],[18,4,19,4],[18,5,18,7],[18,8,19,8],[20,8,21,8],[24,0,25,0],[24,1,24,3],[24,4,25,4],[24,5,24,7],[24,8,25,8],[26,8,27,8],[30,0,31,0],[30,1,30,3],[30,4,31,4],[30,5,30,7],[30,8,31,8],[32,8,33,8]]}
["Brucella melitensis",{"$nulls":7},"EUCAST Clinical Breakpoint Tables v. 15.0, valid from 2025-01-01"]
["Expert Rules and Expected Phenotypes",null,null,"Guidance documents",{"$nulls":4},"For abbreviations and explanations of breakpoints, see the Notes sheet"]
[]
["MIC determination (broth microdilution according to ISO standard 20776-1)\nMedium: Cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth*\nInoculum: 5x105 CFU/mL\nIncubation: Sealed panels, air, 35±1ºC, 48±2h\nReading: Unless otherwise stated, read MICs at the lowest concentration of the agent that completely inhibits visible growth. See ”EUCAST Reading Guide for broth microdilution” for further information.\nQuality control: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213. For agents not covered by this strain, see EUCAST QC Tables.",{"$nulls":7},"Disk diffusion (EUCAST standardised disk diffusion method)\nMedium: Mueller-Hinton agar + 5% defibrinated horse blood and 20 mg/L β-NAD (MH-F)*\nInoculum: McFarland 0.5\nIncubation: 5% CO2, 35±1ºC, 48±2h\nReading: Unless otherwise stated, read zone edges as the point showing no growth viewed from the front of the plate with the lid removed and with reflected light. See ”EUCAST Reading Guide for disk diffusion” for further information.\nQuality control: Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 49619. For agents not covered by this strain, see EUCAST QC Tables."]
[]
["* Different media for broth microdilution and disk diffusion for Brucella melitensis were chosen to increase the reliability of the disk diffusion test."]
[]
["Cephalosporins","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Ceftriaxone (meningitis)","(2)1","(2)1",null,30,"(30)A","(30)A",null,"1/A. For information on how to use breakpoints in brackets, see https://www.eucast.org/eucastguidancedocuments/."]
[]
[]
["Fluoroquinolones","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Ciprofloxacin","0.001","1",null,5,50,27]
["Levofloxacin","0.001","1",null,5,50,28]
[]
[]
["Aminoglycosides","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Gentamicin","(0.5)1","(0.5)1",null,10,"(23)A","(23)A",null,"1/A. For information on how to use breakpoints in brackets, see https://www.eucast.org/eucastguidancedocuments/."]
["Streptomycin","(1)1","(1)1",null,10,"(15)A","(15)A"]
[]
[]
["Tetracyclines","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Doxycycline","0.251","0.251",null,null,"NoteA","NoteA",null,"1/A. Isolates susceptible to tetracycline can be reported susceptible to doxycycline. Isolates resistant to tetracycline should be tested for susceptibility to doxycycline or reported resistant."]
["Tetracycline","0.5","0.5",null,30,42,42]
[]
[]
["Miscellaneous agents","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Rifampicin","(2)1","(2)1",null,"5","(20)A,B","(20)A,B",null,"1/A. For information on how to use breakpoints in brackets, see https://www.eucast.org/eucastguidancedocuments/.\nB. Examine zones carefully for colonies close to the zone edge. Colonies should be taken into account when reading.\nC. Read the obvious zone edges and disregard haze or faint growth within the inhibition zone.\n\n2. Trimethoprim:sulfamethoxazole in the ratio 1:19. Breakpoints are expressed as the trimethoprim concentration."]
["Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole2","0.125","0.125",null,"1.25-23.75","29C","29C"]

{"sheet":"B.pseudomallei","index":34,"n_rows":48,"n_cols":9,"rows_kept":48,"merged":[[1,0,1,1],[1,3,1,6],[3,0,3,5],[5,0,6,0],[5,1,5,3],[5,4,6,4],[5,5,5,7],[5,8,6,8],[10,0,11,0],[10,1,10,3],[10,4,11,4],[10,5,10,7],[10,8,11,8],[15,0,16,0],[15,1,15,3],[15,4,16,4],[15,5,15,7],[15,8,16,8],[17,8,18,8],[21,0,22,0],[21,1,21,3],[21,4,22,4],[21,5,21,7],[21,8,22,8],[23,8,24,8],[27,0,28,0],[27,1,27,3],[27,4,28,4],[27,5,27,7],[27,8,28,8],[29,8,30,8]]}
["Burkholderia pseudomallei",{"$nulls":7},"EUCAST Clinical Breakpoint Tables v. 15.0, valid from 2025-01-01"]
["Expert Rules and Expected Phenotypes",null,null,"Guidance documents",{"$nulls":4},"For abbreviations and explanations of breakpoints, see the Notes sheet"]
[]
["MIC determination (broth microdilution according to ISO standard 20776-1)\nMedium: Cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth\nInoculum: 5x105 CFU/mL\nIncubation: Sealed panels, air, 35±1ºC, 18±2h\nReading: Unless otherwise stated, read MICs at the lowest concentration of the agent that completely inhibits visible growth. See ”EUCAST Reading Guide for broth microdilution” for further information.\nQuality control: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. For agents not covered by this strain and for control of the inhibitor component of beta-lactam inhibitor combinations, see EUCAST QC Tables.",{"$nulls":7},"Disk diffusion (EUCAST standardised disk diffusion method)\nMedium: Mueller-Hinton agar\nInoculum: McFarland 0.5\nIncubation: Air, 35±1ºC, 18±2h\nReading: Unless otherwise stated, read zone edges as the point showing no growth viewed from the back of the plate against a dark background illuminated with reflected light. See ”EUCAST Reading Guide for disk diffusion” for further information.\nQuality control: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. For agents not covered by this strain and for control of the inhibitor component of beta-lactam inhibitor combination disks, see EUCAST QC Tables."]
[]
["Penicillins","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid","0.0011","81",null,"20-10",50,22,null,"1. For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of clavulanic acid is fixed at 2 mg/L. "]
[]
[]
["Cephalosporins","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Ceftazidime","0.001",8,null,10,50,18]
[]
[]
["Carbapenems","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Imipenem",2,2,null,10,29,29]
["Meropenem",2,2,null,10,24,24]
[]
[]
["Tetracyclines","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Doxycycline","0.001",2,null,null,"NoteA","NoteA",null,"A. Isolates categorised as screen negative can be reported \"susceptible increased exposure\" (I) to doxycyline. Isolates categorised as screen positive can be reported resistant to doxycycline."]
["Tetracycline (screen only)","NA","NA",null,30,"23A","23A"]
[]
[]
["Miscellaneous agents","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Disk content (µg)","Zone diameter breakpoints (mm)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints. \nLettered notes relate to the disk diffusion method."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU",null,"S ≥","R <","ATU"]
["Chloramphenicol","0.001","8",null,"30","50","22",null,"1. Trimethoprim:sulfamethoxazole in the ratio 1:19. Breakpoints are expressed as the trimethoprim concentration.\n\nA. There may be growth within the inhibition zone. The density of growth may vary from a fine haze to substantial growth (see pictures below). If any zone edge can be seen, ignore growth within the inhibition zone and read the zone diameter."]
["Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole1","0.001",4,null,"1.25-23.75","50A","17A"]
{"$rows_empty":14}
["Examples of inhibition zones for Burkholderia pseudomallei with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole."]
["a-b) An outer zone can be seen. Read the outer zone edge and interpret according to the breakpoints."]
["c) Growth up to the disk and no sign of inhibition zone. Report resistant."]

{"sheet":"B.cepacia","index":35,"n_rows":6,"n_cols":5,"rows_kept":6,"merged":[[1,0,1,1],[3,0,3,4],[5,0,5,4]]}
["Burkholderia cepacia complex",{"$nulls":3},"EUCAST Clinical Breakpoint Tables v. 15.0, valid from 2025-01-01"]
["Expert Rules and Expected Phenotypes"]
[]
["EUCAST has not determined breakpoints for Burkholderia cepacia complex organisms since accurate and reproducible methods for antimicrobial susceptibility testing are lacking due to technical difficulties encountered with these species and the lack of convincing clinical outcome correlates. \nUsers are referred to the EUCAST Guidance Document on Burkholderia cepacia complex."]
[]
["Burkholderia cepacia complex currently includes at least 21 closely related species: B. ambifaria (genomovar VII), B. anthina (genomovar VIII), B. arboris (BCC3), B. cepacia (genomovar I), B. cenocepacia (genomovar III), B. contaminans (group K, BBC AT), B. diffusa (BCC2), B. dolosa (genomovar VI), B. lata (group K), B. latens (BCC1), B. metallica (BCC8), B. multivorans (genomovar II), B. paludis, B. pseudomultivorans, B. pyrrocinia (genomovar IX), B. seminalis (BCC7), B. stabilis (genomovar IV), B. stagnalis (BCC B), B. territorii (BCC L), B. ubonensis (genomovar X), B. vietnamiensis (genomovar V)."]

{"sheet":"L.pneumophila","index":36,"n_rows":4,"n_cols":5,"rows_kept":4,"merged":[[3,0,3,4]]}
["Legionella pneumophila",{"$nulls":3},"EUCAST Clinical Breakpoint Tables v. 15.0, valid from 2025-01-01"]
["Expert Rules and Expected Phenotypes"]
[]
["EUCAST has not determined breakpoints for Legionella pneumophila as there is no established reference method or any documentation of clinical outcome related to antimicrobial susceptibility testing. \nUsers are referred to the EUCAST Guidance Document on Legionella pneumophila susceptibility testing."]

{"sheet":"M.tuberculosis","index":37,"n_rows":14,"n_cols":5,"rows_kept":14,"merged":[[3,0,3,4],[5,0,5,4],[7,0,7,4],[9,0,10,0],[9,1,9,3],[9,4,10,4],[11,4,13,4]]}
["Mycobacterium tuberculosis",{"$nulls":3},"EUCAST Clinical Breakpoint Tables v. 15.0, valid from 2025-01-01"]
["Expert Rules and Expected Phenotypes","Guidance documents",null,null,"For abbreviations and explanations of breakpoints, see the Notes sheet"]
[]
["Listed breakpoints have been set in parallel with marketing authorisation by EMA. Breakpoints for other agents have not yet been established. Infections with M. tuberculosis are always treated with two or more agents."]
[]
["MIC determination using broth microdilution according to the EUCAST reference method for the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex\nMedium: Middlebrook 7H9 with 10% OADC in polystyrene plates\nInoculum: 1x105 CFU/mL\nIncubation: Plates sealed with a plastic lid, air, 36±1°C, 7-21 days\nReading: At the earliest time point (7, 14 or 21 days) when the 1% growth control shows visible growth, read MICs at the lowest concentration of the agent that completely inhibits visible growth\nQuality control: Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv ATCC 27294\n"]
[]
["The Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex includes different species and variants such as M. tuberculosis var. tuberculosis, M. tuberculosis var. africanum and M. tuberculosis var. bovis. Breakpoints have only been established for M. tuberculosis var. tuberculosis."]
[]
["Antimicrobial agent","MIC breakpoints \n(mg/L)",null,null,"Notes \nNumbered notes relate to general comments and/or MIC breakpoints."]
[null,"S ≤","R >","ATU"]
["Bedaquiline","0.251","0.251",null,"1. Breakpoints were not determined with the EUCAST reference method. Therefore they are provisory values that might change according to the results on ongoing studies using the EUCAST reference protocol for MIC determination.\n2. A provisional screen value of 2 mg/L is advised according to published MIC data determined with MGIT. "]
["Delamanid","0.061","0.061"]
["Pretomanid","Note1,2","Note1,2"]

{"sheet":"Topical agents","index":38,"n_rows":29,"n_cols":18,"rows_kept":29,"merged":[[0,0,0,7],[0,8,0,17],[2,0,2,17],[5,0,9,0],[5,1,8,2],[5,3,8,3],[5,4,8,4],[5,5,8,5],[5,6,8,6],[5,7,8,7],[5,8,8,8],[5,9,8,9],[5,10,8,10],[5,11,8,11],[5,12,8,12],[5,13,8,13],[5,14,8,14],[5,15,8,15],[5,16,8,16],[5,17,8,17],[10,0,11,0],[12,0,13,0],[14,0,15,0],[16,0,17,0],[18,0,19,0],[20,0,21,0],[22,0,23,0],[24,0,25,0],[28,0,31,17]]}
["Topical agents\nScreening cut-off values for detection of phenotypic resistance",{"$nulls":7},"EUCAST Clinical Breakpoint Tables v. 15.0, valid from 2025-01-01"]
[]
["In the absence of clinical data on outcome related to MIC of infecting organisms, EUCAST has not been able to determine relevant clinical breakpoints for topical use of antimicrobial agents. Laboratories are advised to either use the regular breakpoints or the cut-off values listed below to distinguish between organisms without and with acquired resistance mechanisms (for further details see EUCAST Guidance Document on www.eucast.org). When reporting the susceptibility of agents for topical use, clarify that results refer to topical use only."]
[]
[]
["Organisms","Screening cut-off values for the detection and reporting of phenotypic resistance. Report resistant (R) for isolates with MIC above or inhibition zone diameter below the cut-off value. Otherwise report susceptible (S).",null,"Gentamicin","Tobramycin","Pefloxacin \n(screen only)1","Norfloxacin \n(screen only)1","Nalidixic acid \n(screen only)1","Ciprofloxacin","Levofloxacin","Ofloxacin","Chloramphenicol","Colistin\n(for polymyxin B)","Fusidic acid","Neomycin \n(framycetin)","Bacitracin","Mupirocin","Retapamulin"]
[]
[]
[]
[null,"Disk content","(µg)",10,10,5,10,30,5,5,5,30,"-",10,10,"-",200,"-"]
["Enterobacterales","MIC","(mg/L)","2","2",{"$nulls":3},"0.125","0.25","0.25","16","2",null,"8"]
[null,"Zone diameter","(mm)","17","16",24,null,null,"Note1","Note1","Note1","17",null,null,"12"]
["P. aeruginosa","MIC","(mg/L)","8","2",{"$nulls":3},"0.5","2","2",null,"4"]
[null,"Zone diameter","(mm)","15",18,{"$nulls":3},26,18]
["Acinetobacter spp.","MIC","(mg/L)","4","4",{"$nulls":3},"1","0.5","1",null,"2"]
[null,"Zone diameter","(mm)","17","17",{"$nulls":3},"21","23"]
["S. aureus","MIC","(mg/L)","2","2",{"$nulls":3},2,1,"1","16",null,"0.5","1",null,"12","0.5"]
[null,"Zone diameter","(mm)","18","18",null,"17",null,"Note1","Note1","Note1","18",null,23,"14",null,"302"]
["S. pneumoniae","MIC","(mg/L)",{"$nulls":5},"4","2","4","8"]
[null,"Zone diameter","(mm)",{"$nulls":3},"10",null,"Note1","Note1","Note1","21"]
["Streptococcus groups\nA, B, C and G","MIC","(mg/L)",{"$nulls":5},"2","2","4","8",null,"32",null,null,"0.5","0.125"]
[null,"Zone diameter","(mm)",{"$nulls":3},"12",null,"Note1","Note1","Note1","21"]
["H. influenzae","MIC","(mg/L)","4","8",{"$nulls":3},"0.06","0.06","0.06","2"]
[null,"Zone diameter","(mm)",{"$nulls":4},"23","Note1","Note1","Note1","28"]
["M. catarrhalis","MIC","(mg/L)",{"$nulls":5},"0.125","0.125","0.25","2"]
[null,"Zone diameter","(mm)",{"$nulls":4},"23","Note1","Note1","Note1",31]
[]
["Notes"]
["1. Screening agent for detection of fluoroquinolone resistance (pefloxacin for Enterobacterales, norfloxacin for Gram-positive organisms and nalidixic acid for H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis).  \n2. Breakpoints for nasal decolonization in carriers of S. aureus, S ≤1, R >1 mg/L (disk diffusion with mupirocin 200 µg disk S ≥30, R <30 mm). For short term suppression of nasal colonization (usually as a perioperative practice) breakpoints of S ≤256, R >256 mg/L (disk diffusion S ≥18 mm, R <18 mm) can be used.\nND = No ECOFF available."]

{"sheet":"PK PD breakpoints","index":39,"n_rows":132,"n_cols":5,"rows_kept":132,"hidden":true,"merged":[[3,0,3,3],[5,0,6,0],[5,1,5,2],[5,3,6,3],[7,3,21,3],[24,0,25,0],[24,1,24,2],[24,3,25,3],[26,3,44,3],[47,0,48,0],[47,1,47,2],[47,3,48,3],[49,3,54,3],[57,0,58,0],[57,1,57,2],[57,3,58,3],[62,0,63,0],[62,1,62,2],[62,3,63,3],[64,3,70,3],[73,0,74,0],[73,1,73,2],[73,3,74,3],[75,3,78,3],[81,0,82,0],[81,1,81,2],[81,3,82,3],[83,3,87,3],[90,0,91,0],[90,1,90,2],[90,3,91,3],[92,3,98,3],[101,0,102,0],[101,1,101,2],[101,3,102,3],[103,3,107,3],[110,0,111,0],[110,1,110,2],[110,3,111,3],[112,3,113,3],[116,0,117,0],[116,1,116,2],[116,3,117,3],[118,3,131,3]]}
["PK-PD (Non-species related) breakpoints",null,null,"EUCAST Clinical Breakpoint Tables v. 14.0, valid from 2024-01-01","Remove sheet from BP table"]
["For abbreviations and explanations of breakpoints, see the Notes sheet",{"$nulls":3},"Keep the tab with only an explanation (and/or in content table)"]
[]
["These breakpoints are used only when there are no species-specific breakpoints or other recommendations (a dash or a note) in the species-specific tables.\nIf the MIC is greater than the PK-PD resistant breakpoint, advise against use of the agent.\nIf the MIC is less than or equal to the PK-PD susceptible breakpoint, suggest that the agent can be used with caution. The MIC may also be reported although this is not essential. Include a note that the guidance is based on PK-PD breakpoints only, and include the dosage on which PK-PD breakpoint is based.\nMore information is available in the EUCAST Guidance Document on how to test and interpret results when there are no breakpoints.",{"$nulls":3},"Change text to be in line with guidance document\nor make a separate document with Pk-pk BPs (see e-mail )"]
[]
["Penicillins","MIC breakpoints (mg/L)",null,"Notes"]
[null,"S ≤","R >"]
["Benzylpenicillin","0.25","2","1. For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of sulbactam is fixed at 4 mg/L.\n2. For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of clavulanic acid is fixed at 2 mg/L. \n3. For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of tazobactam is fixed at 4 mg/L."]
["Ampicillin","2","8"]
["Ampicillin-sulbactam","21","81"]
["Amoxicillin","2","8"]
["Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid","22","82"]
["Piperacillin","8","16"]
["Piperacillin-tazobactam","83","163"]
["Ticarcillin-clavulanic acid","82","162"]
["Temocillin",8,8]
["Phenoxymethylpenicillin","IE","IE"]
["Oxacillin","IE","IE"]
["Cloxacillin","IE","IE"]
["Dicloxacillin","IE","IE"]
["Flucloxacillin","IE","IE"]
["Mecillinam oral (pivmecillinam) \n(uncomplicated UTI only)","IE","IE"]
[]
[]
["Cephalosporins","MIC breakpoints (mg/L)",null,"Notes"]
[null,"S ≤","R >"]
["Cefaclor","IE","IE","1. Broth microdilution MIC determination must be performed in iron-depleted Mueller-Hinton broth and specific reading instructions must be followed. For testing conditions and reading instructions, see http://www.eucast.org/guidance_documents/.\n2. Based on PK-PD target for Gram-negative organisms.\n3. For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of avibactam is fixed at 4 mg/L.\n4. Breakpoints are based on ceftolozane data.\n5. For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of tazobactam is fixed at 4 mg/L.\n"]
["Cefadroxil","IE","IE"]
["Cefalexin","IE","IE"]
["Cefazolin","1","2"]
["Cefepime","4","8"]
["Cefiderocol","21","21"]
["Cefixime","IE","IE"]
["Cefotaxime","1","2"]
["Cefoxitin","IE","IE"]
["Cefpodoxime","IE","IE"]
["Ceftaroline","0.52","0.52"]
["Ceftazidime","4","8"]
["Ceftazidime-avibactam","83","83"]
["Ceftibuten","IE","IE"]
["Ceftobiprole",4,4]
["Ceftolozane-tazobactam","44.5","44.5"]
["Ceftriaxone","1","2"]
["Cefuroxime iv","4","8"]
["Cefuroxime oral","IE","IE"]
[]
[]
["Carbapenems","MIC breakpoints (mg/L)",null,"Notes"]
[null,"S ≤","R >"]
["Doripenem","1",2,"1. For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of relebactam is fixed at 4 mg/L. \n2. For susceptibility testing purposes, the concentration of vaborbactam is fixed at 8 mg/L. "]
["Ertapenem","0.5","0.5"]
["Imipenem","2",4]
["Imipenem-relebactam","21","21"]
["Meropenem","2","8"]
["Meropenem-vaborbactam","82","82"]
[]
[]
["Monobactams","MIC breakpoints (mg/L)",null,"Notes"]
[null,"S ≤","R >"]
["Aztreonam","4","8"]
[]
[]
["Fluoroquinolones","MIC breakpoints (mg/L)",null,"Notes"]
[null,"S ≤","R >"]
["Ciprofloxacin","0.25","0.5"]
["Delafloxacin","IE","IE"]
["Levofloxacin","0.5","1"]
["Moxifloxacin","0.25","0.25"]
["Nalidixic acid (screen only)",{"$nulls":3},"Removed since there are no clinical BPs as we do for other screening agents (previously IE)"]
["Norfloxacin","IE","IE"]
["Ofloxacin","0.25","0.5"]
[]
[]
["Aminoglycosides","MIC breakpoints (mg/L)",null,"Notes"]
[null,"S ≤","R >"]
["Amikacin","1","1"]
["Gentamicin","0.5","0.5"]
["Netilmicin","IE","IE"]
["Tobramycin","0.5","0.5"]
[]
[]
["Glycopeptides and lipoglycopeptides","MIC breakpoints (mg/L)",null,"Notes"]
[null,"S ≤","R >"]
["Dalbavancin","0.251","0.251","1. For broth microdilution MIC determination, the medium must be supplemented with polysorbate-80 to a final concentration of 0.002%."]
["Oritavancin","IE","IE"]
["Teicoplanin","IE","IE"]
["Telavancin","IE","IE"]
["Vancomycin","IE","IE"]
[]
[]
["Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins","MIC breakpoints (mg/L)",null,"Notes"]
[null,"S ≤","R >"]
["Azithromycin","IE","IE"]
["Clarithromycin","IE","IE"]
["Erythromycin","IE","IE"]
["Roxithromycin","IE","IE"]
["Telithromycin"]
["Clindamycin","IE","IE"]
["Quinupristin-dalfopristin","IE","IE"]
[]
[]
["Tetracyclines","MIC breakpoints (mg/L)",null,"Notes"]
[null,"S ≤","R >"]
["Doxycycline","IE","IE","1. For tigecycline broth microdilution MIC determination, the medium must be prepared fresh on the day of use."]
["Eravacycline","IE","IE"]
["Minocycline","IE","IE"]
["Tetracycline","IE","IE"]
["Tigecycline","0.51","0.51"]
[]
[]
["Oxazolidinones","MIC breakpoints (mg/L)",null,"Notes"]
[null,"S ≤","R >"]
["Linezolid","2",2]
["Tedizolid","IE","IE"]
[]
[]
["Miscellaneous agents","MIC breakpoints (mg/L)",null,"Notes"]
[null,"S ≤","R >"]
["Chloramphenicol","IE","IE"]
["Colistin","IE","IE"]
["Daptomycin","IE","IE"]
["Fosfomycin iv","IE","IE"]
["Fosfomycin oral (uncomplicated UTI only)","8","8"]
["Fusidic acid","IE","IE"]
["Lefamulin","0.25","0.25"]
["Metronidazole","IE","IE"]
["Nitrofurantoin","IE","IE"]
["Nitroxoline","IE","IE"]
["Rifampicin","IE","IE"]
["Spectinomycin","IE","IE"]
["Trimethoprim","IE","IE"]
["Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole","IE","IE"]

{"sheet":"PK PD cutoffs","index":40,"n_rows":3,"n_cols":4,"rows_kept":3,"merged":[[0,3,0,4],[2,0,2,4]]}
["PK/PD cut-off values",null,null,"EUCAST Clinical Breakpoint Tables v. 15.0, valid from 2025-01-01"]
[]
["Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) are important, but not the only tools for setting and revising clinical breakpoints. PK/PD targets are often based on a limited number of species. The selection of clinical PK/PD targets is highly dependent on the targeted patient population. Critically ill patients or immunocompromised patients will normally require higher antimicrobial exposure, and thus the PK/PD targets will be higher. As clinical PK/PD targets are often lacking, preclinical PK/PD targets determined in in vitro and animal models are often used. These models are not always validated with clinical data. Moreover, the animal models are usually limited to the neutropenic mouse thigh and lung infection model and may not have a translational value for all type of infections. Different PK/PD targets can be determined depending on i) the species, ii) the level of effect (stasis, \n1-3 log kill, prevention of emergence of resistance), and iii) the within-species strain variation of PK/PD-targets.  \n\nMoreover, simulated pharmacokinetics (healthy vs. patients, different patient populations with different degree of renal/hepatic insufficiencies, levels of plasma proteins and other important covariates) will play a major role in determining PK/PD cut-offs. Critically ill patients have much higher variation in PK than other groups of patients. Calculations are usually made based on free drug concentrations in the plasma or epithelial lining fluid, which are presumed to relate to the concentration at the site of infection. Individual variations in protein binding may also affect the pharmacodynamically important drug exposure. Finally, PK/PD cut-offs may be based on various levels of probability of target attainment like 99%, 95% or 90%. All these factors may result in different PK/PD cut-off values that span in several two-fold dilutions.   \n\nA common misunderstanding is that PK/PD cut-offs can be used when clinical breakpoints are lacking. This is not the intention. Instead EUCAST has developed guidance on “When there are no breakpoints” (see EUCAST guidance document) and removed the PK/PD cut-offs from the breakpoint tables. This is to underline that these values should never be used when clinical breakpoints are lacking."]