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<img src="../logo.svg" class="logo" alt=""><h1>Calculate the Mean AMR Distance</h1>
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<small class="dont-index">Source: <a href="https://github.com/msberends/AMR/blob/HEAD/R/mean_amr_distance.R" class="external-link"><code>R/mean_amr_distance.R</code></a></small>
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<div class="d-none name"><code>mean_amr_distance.Rd</code></div>
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<div class="ref-description section level2">
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<p>Calculates a normalised mean for antimicrobial resistance between multiple observations, to help to identify similar isolates without comparing antibiograms by hand.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="section level2">
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<h2 id="ref-usage">Usage<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#ref-usage"></a></h2>
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<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code><span><span class="fu">mean_amr_distance</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">x</span>, <span class="va">...</span><span class="op">)</span></span>
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<span></span>
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<span><span class="co"># S3 method for sir</span></span>
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<span><span class="fu">mean_amr_distance</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">x</span>, <span class="va">...</span>, combine_SI <span class="op">=</span> <span class="cn">TRUE</span><span class="op">)</span></span>
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<span></span>
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<span><span class="co"># S3 method for data.frame</span></span>
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<span><span class="fu">mean_amr_distance</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">x</span>, <span class="va">...</span>, combine_SI <span class="op">=</span> <span class="cn">TRUE</span><span class="op">)</span></span>
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<span></span>
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<span><span class="fu">amr_distance_from_row</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">amr_distance</span>, <span class="va">row</span><span class="op">)</span></span></code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="section level2">
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<h2 id="arguments">Arguments<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#arguments"></a></h2>
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<dl><dt>x</dt>
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<dd><p>a vector of class <a href="as.sir.html">sir</a>, <a href="as.mic.html">mic</a> or <a href="as.disk.html">disk</a>, or a <a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/data.frame.html" class="external-link">data.frame</a> containing columns of any of these classes</p></dd>
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<dt>...</dt>
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<dd><p>variables to select (supports <a href="https://tidyselect.r-lib.org/reference/language.html" class="external-link">tidyselect language</a> such as <code>column1:column4</code> and <code>where(is.mic)</code>, and can thus also be <a href="antibiotic_class_selectors.html">antibiotic selectors</a></p></dd>
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<dt>combine_SI</dt>
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<dd><p>a <a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/logical.html" class="external-link">logical</a> to indicate whether all values of S and I must be merged into one, so the input only consists of S+I vs. R (susceptible vs. resistant) - the default is <code>TRUE</code></p></dd>
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<dt>amr_distance</dt>
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<dd><p>the outcome of <code>mean_amr_distance()</code></p></dd>
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<dt>row</dt>
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<dd><p>an index, such as a row number</p></dd>
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</dl></div>
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<div class="section level2">
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<h2 id="details">Details<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#details"></a></h2>
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<p>The mean AMR distance is effectively <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_score" class="external-link">the Z-score</a>; a normalised numeric value to compare AMR test results which can help to identify similar isolates, without comparing antibiograms by hand.</p>
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<p>MIC values (see <code><a href="as.mic.html">as.mic()</a></code>) are transformed with <code><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/Log.html" class="external-link">log2()</a></code> first; their distance is thus calculated as <code>(log2(x) - mean(log2(x))) / sd(log2(x))</code>.</p>
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<p>SIR values (see <code><a href="as.sir.html">as.sir()</a></code>) are transformed using <code>"S"</code> = 1, <code>"I"</code> = 2, and <code>"R"</code> = 3. If <code>combine_SI</code> is <code>TRUE</code> (default), the <code>"I"</code> will be considered to be 1.</p>
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<p>For data sets, the mean AMR distance will be calculated per column, after which the mean per row will be returned, see <em>Examples</em>.</p>
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<p>Use <code>amr_distance_from_row()</code> to subtract distances from the distance of one row, see <em>Examples</em>.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="section level2">
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<h2 id="interpretation">Interpretation<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#interpretation"></a></h2>
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<p>Isolates with distances less than 0.01 difference from each other should be considered similar. Differences lower than 0.025 should be considered suspicious.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="section level2">
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<h2 id="ref-examples">Examples<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#ref-examples"></a></h2>
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<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code><span class="r-in"><span><span class="va">sir</span> <span class="op"><-</span> <span class="fu"><a href="random.html">random_sir</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="fl">10</span><span class="op">)</span></span></span>
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<span class="r-in"><span><span class="va">sir</span></span></span>
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<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> Class 'sir'</span>
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<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> [1] R S R S I I R I I S</span>
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<span class="r-in"><span><span class="fu">mean_amr_distance</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">sir</span><span class="op">)</span></span></span>
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<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> [1] 1.449138 -0.621059 1.449138 -0.621059 -0.621059 -0.621059 1.449138</span>
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<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> [8] -0.621059 -0.621059 -0.621059</span>
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<span class="r-in"><span></span></span>
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<span class="r-in"><span><span class="va">mic</span> <span class="op"><-</span> <span class="fu"><a href="random.html">random_mic</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="fl">10</span><span class="op">)</span></span></span>
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<span class="r-in"><span><span class="va">mic</span></span></span>
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<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> Class 'mic'</span>
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<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> [1] 0.125 0.0625 1 8 4 0.25 >=32 0.5 0.005 0.25 </span>
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<span class="r-in"><span><span class="fu">mean_amr_distance</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">mic</span><span class="op">)</span></span></span>
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<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> [1] -0.554873825 -0.827456801 0.262875102 1.080624029 0.808041053</span>
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<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> [6] -0.282290850 1.625789980 -0.009707874 -1.820709964 -0.282290850</span>
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<span class="r-in"><span><span class="co"># equal to the Z-score of their log2:</span></span></span>
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<span class="r-in"><span><span class="op">(</span><span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/Log.html" class="external-link">log2</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">mic</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op">-</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/mean.html" class="external-link">mean</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/Log.html" class="external-link">log2</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">mic</span><span class="op">)</span><span class="op">)</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op">/</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/stats/sd.html" class="external-link">sd</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/Log.html" class="external-link">log2</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">mic</span><span class="op">)</span><span class="op">)</span></span></span>
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<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> [1] -0.554873825 -0.827456801 0.262875102 1.080624029 0.808041053</span>
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<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> [6] -0.282290850 1.625789980 -0.009707874 -1.820709964 -0.282290850</span>
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<span class="r-in"><span></span></span>
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<span class="r-in"><span><span class="va">disk</span> <span class="op"><-</span> <span class="fu"><a href="random.html">random_disk</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="fl">10</span><span class="op">)</span></span></span>
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<span class="r-in"><span><span class="va">disk</span></span></span>
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<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> Class 'disk'</span>
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<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> [1] 26 32 50 20 28 49 12 20 9 42</span>
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<span class="r-in"><span><span class="fu">mean_amr_distance</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">disk</span><span class="op">)</span></span></span>
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<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> [1] -0.19375217 0.22143105 1.46698069 -0.60893538 -0.05535776 1.39778349</span>
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<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> [7] -1.16251300 -0.60893538 -1.37010461 0.91340307</span>
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<span class="r-in"><span></span></span>
|
||
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="va">y</span> <span class="op"><-</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/data.frame.html" class="external-link">data.frame</a></span><span class="op">(</span></span></span>
|
||
<span class="r-in"><span> id <span class="op">=</span> <span class="va">LETTERS</span><span class="op">[</span><span class="fl">1</span><span class="op">:</span><span class="fl">10</span><span class="op">]</span>,</span></span>
|
||
<span class="r-in"><span> amox <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="random.html">random_sir</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="fl">10</span>, ab <span class="op">=</span> <span class="st">"amox"</span>, mo <span class="op">=</span> <span class="st">"Escherichia coli"</span><span class="op">)</span>,</span></span>
|
||
<span class="r-in"><span> cipr <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="random.html">random_disk</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="fl">10</span>, ab <span class="op">=</span> <span class="st">"cipr"</span>, mo <span class="op">=</span> <span class="st">"Escherichia coli"</span><span class="op">)</span>,</span></span>
|
||
<span class="r-in"><span> gent <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="random.html">random_mic</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="fl">10</span>, ab <span class="op">=</span> <span class="st">"gent"</span>, mo <span class="op">=</span> <span class="st">"Escherichia coli"</span><span class="op">)</span>,</span></span>
|
||
<span class="r-in"><span> tobr <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="random.html">random_mic</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="fl">10</span>, ab <span class="op">=</span> <span class="st">"tobr"</span>, mo <span class="op">=</span> <span class="st">"Escherichia coli"</span><span class="op">)</span></span></span>
|
||
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="op">)</span></span></span>
|
||
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="va">y</span></span></span>
|
||
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> id amox cipr gent tobr</span>
|
||
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> 1 A S 23 >=4 <=2</span>
|
||
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> 2 B S 27 1 4</span>
|
||
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> 3 C I 26 >=4 <=2</span>
|
||
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> 4 D I 19 1 >=16</span>
|
||
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> 5 E S 20 2 4</span>
|
||
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> 6 F I 25 0.5 >=16</span>
|
||
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> 7 G S 18 0.5 <=2</span>
|
||
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> 8 H R 19 2 >=16</span>
|
||
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> 9 I R 22 1 <=2</span>
|
||
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> 10 J R 20 0.5 8</span>
|
||
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="fu">mean_amr_distance</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">y</span><span class="op">)</span></span></span>
|
||
<span class="r-msg co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> ℹ Calculating mean AMR distance based on columns "amox", "cipr", "gent",</span>
|
||
<span class="r-msg co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> and "tobr"</span>
|
||
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> [1] 0.05387469 0.12082470 0.28731436 -0.12784750 -0.20825803 0.12342200</span>
|
||
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> [7] -0.98202095 0.60531151 0.06239096 0.06498826</span>
|
||
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="va">y</span><span class="op">$</span><span class="va">amr_distance</span> <span class="op"><-</span> <span class="fu">mean_amr_distance</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">y</span>, <span class="fu"><a href="https://tidyselect.r-lib.org/reference/where.html" class="external-link">where</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">is.mic</span><span class="op">)</span><span class="op">)</span></span></span>
|
||
<span class="r-err co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> <span class="error">Error in .subset(x, j):</span> invalid subscript type 'list'</span>
|
||
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="va">y</span><span class="op">[</span><span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/order.html" class="external-link">order</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">y</span><span class="op">$</span><span class="va">amr_distance</span><span class="op">)</span>, <span class="op">]</span></span></span>
|
||
<span class="r-err co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> <span class="error">Error in order(y$amr_distance):</span> argument 1 is not a vector</span>
|
||
<span class="r-in"><span></span></span>
|
||
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="kw">if</span> <span class="op">(</span><span class="kw"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html" class="external-link">require</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="st"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org" class="external-link">"dplyr"</a></span><span class="op">)</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op">{</span></span></span>
|
||
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="va">y</span> <span class="op"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html" class="external-link">%>%</a></span></span></span>
|
||
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html" class="external-link">mutate</a></span><span class="op">(</span></span></span>
|
||
<span class="r-in"><span> amr_distance <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu">mean_amr_distance</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">y</span><span class="op">)</span>,</span></span>
|
||
<span class="r-in"><span> check_id_C <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu">amr_distance_from_row</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">amr_distance</span>, <span class="va">id</span> <span class="op">==</span> <span class="st">"C"</span><span class="op">)</span></span></span>
|
||
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="op">)</span> <span class="op"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html" class="external-link">%>%</a></span></span></span>
|
||
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/arrange.html" class="external-link">arrange</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">check_id_C</span><span class="op">)</span></span></span>
|
||
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="op">}</span></span></span>
|
||
<span class="r-msg co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> ℹ Calculating mean AMR distance based on columns "amox", "cipr", "gent",</span>
|
||
<span class="r-msg co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> and "tobr"</span>
|
||
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> id amox cipr gent tobr amr_distance check_id_C</span>
|
||
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> 1 C I 26 >=4 <=2 0.28731436 0.0000000</span>
|
||
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> 2 F I 25 0.5 >=16 0.12342200 0.1638924</span>
|
||
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> 3 B S 27 1 4 0.12082470 0.1664897</span>
|
||
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> 4 J R 20 0.5 8 0.06498826 0.2223261</span>
|
||
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> 5 I R 22 1 <=2 0.06239096 0.2249234</span>
|
||
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> 6 A S 23 >=4 <=2 0.05387469 0.2334397</span>
|
||
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> 7 H R 19 2 >=16 0.60531151 0.3179971</span>
|
||
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> 8 D I 19 1 >=16 -0.12784750 0.4151619</span>
|
||
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> 9 E S 20 2 4 -0.20825803 0.4955724</span>
|
||
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> 10 G S 18 0.5 <=2 -0.98202095 1.2693353</span>
|
||
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="kw">if</span> <span class="op">(</span><span class="kw"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html" class="external-link">require</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="st"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org" class="external-link">"dplyr"</a></span><span class="op">)</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op">{</span></span></span>
|
||
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="co"># support for groups</span></span></span>
|
||
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="va">example_isolates</span> <span class="op"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html" class="external-link">%>%</a></span></span></span>
|
||
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html" class="external-link">filter</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="fu"><a href="mo_property.html">mo_genus</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op">==</span> <span class="st">"Enterococcus"</span> <span class="op">&</span> <span class="fu"><a href="mo_property.html">mo_species</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op">!=</span> <span class="st">""</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html" class="external-link">%>%</a></span></span></span>
|
||
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/select.html" class="external-link">select</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">mo</span>, <span class="va">TCY</span>, <span class="fu"><a href="antibiotic_class_selectors.html">carbapenems</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="op">)</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html" class="external-link">%>%</a></span></span></span>
|
||
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/group_by.html" class="external-link">group_by</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">mo</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html" class="external-link">%>%</a></span></span></span>
|
||
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html" class="external-link">mutate</a></span><span class="op">(</span>dist <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu">mean_amr_distance</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">.</span><span class="op">)</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html" class="external-link">%>%</a></span></span></span>
|
||
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/arrange.html" class="external-link">arrange</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">mo</span>, <span class="va">dist</span><span class="op">)</span></span></span>
|
||
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="op">}</span></span></span>
|
||
<span class="r-msg co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> ℹ Using column 'mo' as input for mo_genus()</span>
|
||
<span class="r-msg co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> ℹ Using column 'mo' as input for mo_species()</span>
|
||
<span class="r-msg co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> ℹ For carbapenems() using columns 'IPM' (imipenem) and 'MEM' (meropenem)</span>
|
||
<span class="r-msg co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> ℹ Calculating mean AMR distance based on columns "TCY", "IPM", and "MEM"</span>
|
||
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> <span style="color: #949494;"># A tibble: 63 × 5</span></span>
|
||
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> <span style="color: #949494;"># Groups: mo [4]</span></span>
|
||
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> mo TCY IPM MEM dist</span>
|
||
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;"><mo></span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;"><sir></span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;"><sir></span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;"><sir></span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;"><dbl></span></span>
|
||
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 1</span> B_ENTRC_AVIM S S NA 0 </span>
|
||
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 2</span> B_ENTRC_AVIM S S NA 0 </span>
|
||
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 3</span> B_ENTRC_CSSL NA S NA <span style="color: #BB0000;">NA</span> </span>
|
||
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 4</span> B_ENTRC_FACM S S NA -<span style="color: #BB0000;">2.66</span> </span>
|
||
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 5</span> B_ENTRC_FACM S R R -<span style="color: #BB0000;">0.423</span></span>
|
||
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 6</span> B_ENTRC_FACM S R R -<span style="color: #BB0000;">0.423</span></span>
|
||
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 7</span> B_ENTRC_FACM NA R R 0.224</span>
|
||
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 8</span> B_ENTRC_FACM NA R R 0.224</span>
|
||
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 9</span> B_ENTRC_FACM NA R R 0.224</span>
|
||
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;">10</span> B_ENTRC_FACM NA R R 0.224</span>
|
||
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> <span style="color: #949494;"># ℹ 53 more rows</span></span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</main><aside class="col-md-3"><nav id="toc"><h2>On this page</h2>
|
||
</nav></aside></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<footer><div class="pkgdown-footer-left">
|
||
<p></p><p><code>AMR</code> (for R). Free and open-source, licenced under the <a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/msberends/AMR/blob/main/LICENSE" class="external-link">GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GPL-2)</a>.<br>Developed at the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.rug.nl" class="external-link">University of Groningen</a> and <a target="_blank" href="https://www.umcg.nl" class="external-link">University Medical Center Groningen</a> in The Netherlands.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="pkgdown-footer-right">
|
||
<p></p><p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.rug.nl" class="external-link"><img src="https://github.com/msberends/AMR/raw/main/pkgdown/logos/logo_rug.svg" style="max-width: 150px;"></a><a target="_blank" href="https://www.umcg.nl" class="external-link"><img src="https://github.com/msberends/AMR/raw/main/pkgdown/logos/logo_umcg.svg" style="max-width: 150px;"></a></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</footer></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</body></html>
|
||
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