AMR/R/ab.R

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R
Executable File

# ==================================================================== #
# TITLE #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis #
# #
# SOURCE #
# https://gitlab.com/msberends/AMR #
# #
# LICENCE #
# (c) 2019 Berends MS (m.s.berends@umcg.nl), Luz CF (c.f.luz@umcg.nl) #
# #
# This R package is free software; you can freely use and distribute #
# it for both personal and commercial purposes under the terms of the #
# GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GNU GPL-2), as published by #
# the Free Software Foundation. #
# #
# This R package was created for academic research and was publicly #
# released in the hope that it will be useful, but it comes WITHOUT #
# ANY WARRANTY OR LIABILITY. #
# Visit our website for more info: https://msberends.gitlab.io/AMR. #
# ==================================================================== #
#' Transform to antibiotic ID
#'
#' Use this function to determine the antibiotic code of one or more antibiotics. The data set \code{\link{antibiotics}} will be searched for abbreviations, official names and synonyms (brand names).
#' @param x character vector to determine to antibiotic ID
#' @rdname as.ab
#' @keywords atc
#' @inheritSection WHOCC WHOCC
#' @export
#' @importFrom dplyr %>% filter slice pull
#' @details All entries in the \code{\link{antibiotics}} data set have three different identifiers: a human readable EARS-Net code (column \code{ab}, used by ECDC and WHONET), an ATC code (column \code{atc}, used by WHO), and a CID code (column \code{cid}, Compound ID, used by PubChem). The data set contains more than 5,000 official brand names from many different countries, as found in PubChem.
#'
#' Use the \code{\link{ab_property}} functions to get properties based on the returned antibiotic ID, see Examples.
#' @section Source:
#' World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology: \url{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/}
#'
#' WHONET 2019 software: \url{http://www.whonet.org/software.html}
#'
#' European Commission Public Health PHARMACEUTICALS - COMMUNITY REGISTER: \url{http://ec.europa.eu/health/documents/community-register/html/atc.htm}
#' @return Character (vector) with class \code{"ab"}. Unknown values will return \code{NA}.
#' @seealso \code{\link{antibiotics}} for the dataframe that is being used to determine ATCs.
#' @inheritSection AMR Read more on our website!
#' @examples
#' # These examples all return "ERY", the ID of Erythromycin:
#' as.ab("J01FA01")
#' as.ab("J 01 FA 01")
#' as.ab("Erythromycin")
#' as.ab("eryt")
#' as.ab(" eryt 123")
#' as.ab("ERYT")
#' as.ab("ERY")
#' as.ab("eritromicine") # spelled wrong, yet works
#' as.ab("Erythrocin") # trade name
#' as.ab("Romycin") # trade name
#'
#' # Use ab_* functions to get a specific properties (see ?ab_property);
#' # they use as.ab() internally:
#' ab_name("J01FA01") # "Erythromycin"
#' ab_name("eryt") # "Erythromycin"
as.ab <- function(x) {
if (is.ab(x)) {
return(x)
}
if (all(toupper(x) %in% AMR::antibiotics$ab)) {
# valid AB code, but not yet right class
return(structure(.Data = toupper(x),
class = "ab"))
}
x_bak <- x
# remove suffices
x_bak_clean <- gsub("_(mic|rsi|dis[ck])$", "", x, ignore.case = TRUE)
# remove disk concentrations, like LVX_NM -> LVX
x_bak_clean <- gsub("_[A-Z]{2}[0-9_]{0,3}$", "", x_bak_clean, ignore.case = TRUE)
# remove part between brackets if that's followed by another string
x_bak_clean <- gsub("(.*)+ [(].*[)]", "\\1", x_bak_clean)
# keep only a-Z, 0-9, space, slash and dash
x_bak_clean <- gsub("[^A-Z0-9 /-]", "", x_bak_clean, ignore.case = TRUE)
# keep only max 1 space
x_bak_clean <- trimws(gsub(" +", " ", x_bak_clean, ignore.case = TRUE))
x <- unique(x_bak_clean)
x_new <- rep(NA_character_, length(x))
x_unknown <- character(0)
for (i in 1:length(x)) {
if (is.na(x[i]) | is.null(x[i])) {
next
}
if (identical(x[i], "")) {
x_unknown <- c(x_unknown, x_bak[x[i] == x_bak_clean][1])
next
}
# prevent "bacteria" from coercing to TMP, since Bacterial is a brand name of it
if (identical(tolower(x[i]), "bacteria")) {
x_unknown <- c(x_unknown, x_bak[x[i] == x_bak_clean][1])
next
}
# exact AB code
found <- AMR::antibiotics[which(AMR::antibiotics$ab == toupper(x[i])),]$ab
if (length(found) > 0) {
x_new[i] <- found[1L]
next
}
# exact ATC code
found <- AMR::antibiotics[which(AMR::antibiotics$atc == toupper(x[i])),]$ab
if (length(found) > 0) {
x_new[i] <- found[1L]
next
}
# exact CID code
found <- AMR::antibiotics[which(AMR::antibiotics$cid == x[i]),]$ab
if (length(found) > 0) {
x_new[i] <- found[1L]
next
}
# exact name
found <- AMR::antibiotics[which(toupper(AMR::antibiotics$name) == toupper(x[i])),]$ab
if (length(found) > 0) {
x_new[i] <- found[1L]
next
}
# exact synonym
synonym_found <- unlist(lapply(AMR::antibiotics$synonyms,
function(s) if (toupper(x[i]) %in% toupper(s)) {
TRUE
} else {
FALSE
}))
found <- AMR::antibiotics$ab[synonym_found == TRUE]
if (length(found) > 0) {
x_new[i] <- found[1L]
next
}
# exact abbreviation
abbr_found <- unlist(lapply(AMR::antibiotics$abbreviations,
function(a) if (toupper(x[i]) %in% toupper(a)) {
TRUE
} else {
FALSE
}))
found <- AMR::antibiotics$ab[abbr_found == TRUE]
if (length(found) > 0) {
x_new[i] <- found[1L]
next
}
# first >=4 characters of name
if (nchar(x[i]) >= 4) {
found <- AMR::antibiotics[which(toupper(AMR::antibiotics$name) %like% paste0("^", x[i])),]$ab
if (length(found) > 0) {
x_new[i] <- found[1L]
next
}
}
# allow characters that resemble others, but only continue when having more than 3 characters
if (nchar(x[i]) <= 3) {
x_unknown <- c(x_unknown, x_bak[x[i] == x_bak_clean][1])
next
}
x_spelling <- tolower(x[i])
x_spelling <- gsub("[iy]+", "[iy]+", x_spelling)
x_spelling <- gsub("(c|k|q|qu|s|z|x|ks)+", "(c|k|q|qu|s|z|x|ks)+", x_spelling)
x_spelling <- gsub("(ph|f|v)+", "(ph|f|v)+", x_spelling)
x_spelling <- gsub("(th|t)+", "(th|t)+", x_spelling)
x_spelling <- gsub("a+", "a+", x_spelling)
x_spelling <- gsub("e+", "e+", x_spelling)
x_spelling <- gsub("o+", "o+", x_spelling)
# allow any ending of -in/-ine and -im/-ime
x_spelling <- gsub("(\\[iy\\]\\+(n|m)|\\[iy\\]\\+(n|m)e\\+)$", "[iy]+(n|m)e*", x_spelling)
# allow any ending of -ol/-ole
x_spelling <- gsub("(o\\+l|o\\+le\\+)$", "o+le*", x_spelling)
# allow any ending of -on/-one
x_spelling <- gsub("(o\\+n|o\\+ne\\+)$", "o+ne*", x_spelling)
# replace multiple same characters to single one with '+', like "ll" -> "l+"
x_spelling <- gsub("(.)\\1+", "\\1+", x_spelling)
# try if name starts with it
found <- AMR::antibiotics[which(AMR::antibiotics$name %like% paste0("^", x_spelling)),]$ab
if (length(found) > 0) {
x_new[i] <- found[1L]
next
}
# and try if any synonym starts with it
synonym_found <- unlist(lapply(AMR::antibiotics$synonyms,
function(s) if (any(s %like% paste0("^", x_spelling))) {
TRUE
} else {
FALSE
}))
found <- AMR::antibiotics$ab[synonym_found == TRUE]
if (length(found) > 0) {
x_new[i] <- found[1L]
next
}
# try by removing all spaces
if (x[i] %like% " ") {
found <- suppressWarnings(as.ab(gsub(" +", "", x[i])))
if (length(found) > 0 & !is.na(found)) {
x_new[i] <- found[1L]
next
}
}
# try by removing all spaces and numbers
if (x[i] %like% " " | x[i] %like% "[0-9]") {
found <- suppressWarnings(as.ab(gsub("[ 0-9]", "", x[i])))
if (length(found) > 0 & !is.na(found)) {
x_new[i] <- found[1L]
next
}
}
# not found
x_unknown <- c(x_unknown, x_bak[x[i] == x_bak_clean][1])
}
# take failed ATC codes apart from rest
x_unknown_ATCs <- x_unknown[x_unknown %like% "[A-Z][0-9][0-9][A-Z][A-Z][0-9][0-9]"]
x_unknown <- x_unknown[!x_unknown %in% x_unknown_ATCs]
if (length(x_unknown_ATCs) > 0) {
warning("These ATC codes are not (yet) in the antibiotics data set: ",
paste('"', sort(unique(x_unknown_ATCs)), '"', sep = "", collapse = ', '),
".",
call. = FALSE)
}
if (length(x_unknown) > 0) {
warning("These values could not be coerced to a valid antibiotic ID: ",
paste('"', sort(unique(x_unknown)), '"', sep = "", collapse = ', '),
".",
call. = FALSE)
}
x_result <- data.frame(x = x_bak_clean, stringsAsFactors = FALSE) %>%
left_join(data.frame(x = x, x_new = x_new, stringsAsFactors = FALSE), by = "x") %>%
pull(x_new)
if (length(x_result) == 0) {
x_result <- NA_character_
}
structure(.Data = x_result,
class = "ab")
}
#' @rdname as.ab
#' @export
is.ab <- function(x) {
identical(class(x), "ab")
}
#' @exportMethod print.ab
#' @export
#' @noRd
print.ab <- function(x, ...) {
cat("Class 'ab'\n")
print.default(as.character(x), quote = FALSE)
}
#' @exportMethod as.data.frame.ab
#' @export
#' @noRd
as.data.frame.ab <- function (x, ...) {
# same as as.data.frame.character but with removed stringsAsFactors
nm <- paste(deparse(substitute(x), width.cutoff = 500L),
collapse = " ")
if (!"nm" %in% names(list(...))) {
as.data.frame.vector(x, ..., nm = nm)
} else {
as.data.frame.vector(x, ...)
}
}
#' @exportMethod pull.ab
#' @export
#' @importFrom dplyr pull
#' @noRd
pull.ab <- function(.data, ...) {
pull(as.data.frame(.data), ...)
}