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<!-- Generated by pkgdown: do not edit by hand --><html lang="en"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta charset="utf-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no"><title>The AMR Package — AMR • AMR (for R)</title><!-- favicons --><link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="../favicon-16x16.png"><link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="../favicon-32x32.png"><link rel="apple-touch-icon" type="image/png" sizes="180x180" href="../apple-touch-icon.png"><link rel="apple-touch-icon" type="image/png" sizes="120x120" href="../apple-touch-icon-120x120.png"><link rel="apple-touch-icon" type="image/png" sizes="76x76" href="../apple-touch-icon-76x76.png"><link rel="apple-touch-icon" type="image/png" sizes="60x60" href="../apple-touch-icon-60x60.png"><script src="../deps/jquery-3.6.0/jquery-3.6.0.min.js"></script><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no"><link href="../deps/bootstrap-5.3.1/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"><script src="../deps/bootstrap-5.3.1/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script><link href="../deps/Lato-0.4.9/font.css" rel="stylesheet"><link href="../deps/Fira_Code-0.4.9/font.css" rel="stylesheet"><link href="../deps/font-awesome-6.5.2/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"><link href="../deps/font-awesome-6.5.2/css/v4-shims.min.css" rel="stylesheet"><script src="../deps/headroom-0.11.0/headroom.min.js"></script><script src="../deps/headroom-0.11.0/jQuery.headroom.min.js"></script><script src="../deps/bootstrap-toc-1.0.1/bootstrap-toc.min.js"></script><script src="../deps/clipboard.js-2.0.11/clipboard.min.js"></script><script src="../deps/search-1.0.0/autocomplete.jquery.min.js"></script><script src="../deps/search-1.0.0/fuse.min.js"></script><script src="../deps/search-1.0.0/mark.min.js"></script><!-- pkgdown --><script src="../pkgdown.js"></script><link href="../extra.css" rel="stylesheet"><script src="../extra.js"></script><meta property="og:title" content="The AMR Package — AMR"><meta name="description" content="Welcome to the AMR package.
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The AMR package is a free and open-source R package with zero dependencies to simplify the analysis and prediction of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) and to work with microbial and antimicrobial data and properties, by using evidence-based methods. Our aim is to provide a standard for clean and reproducible AMR data analysis, that can therefore empower epidemiological analyses to continuously enable surveillance and treatment evaluation in any setting. Many different researchers from around the globe are continually helping us to make this a successful and durable project!
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This work was published in the Journal of Statistical Software (Volume 104(3); doi:10.18637/jss.v104.i03
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) and formed the basis of two PhD theses (doi:10.33612/diss.177417131
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and doi:10.33612/diss.192486375
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).
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After installing this package, R knows ~79 000 microorganisms (updated June 2024) and all ~620 antibiotic, antimycotic and antiviral drugs by name and code (including ATC, EARS-Net, ASIARS-Net, PubChem, LOINC and SNOMED CT), and knows all about valid SIR and MIC values. The integral clinical breakpoint guidelines from CLSI and EUCAST are included, even with epidemiological cut-off (ECOFF) values. It supports and can read any data format, including WHONET data. This package works on Windows, macOS and Linux with all versions of R since R-3.0 (April 2013). It was designed to work in any setting, including those with very limited resources. It was created for both routine data analysis and academic research at the Faculty of Medical Sciences of the public University of Groningen, in collaboration with non-profit organisations Certe Medical Diagnostics and Advice Foundation and University Medical Center Groningen.
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The AMR package is available in English, Chinese, Czech, Danish, Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Italian, Japanese, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish, and Ukrainian. Antimicrobial drug (group) names and colloquial microorganism names are provided in these languages."><meta property="og:description" content="Welcome to the AMR package.
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The AMR package is a free and open-source R package with zero dependencies to simplify the analysis and prediction of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) and to work with microbial and antimicrobial data and properties, by using evidence-based methods. Our aim is to provide a standard for clean and reproducible AMR data analysis, that can therefore empower epidemiological analyses to continuously enable surveillance and treatment evaluation in any setting. Many different researchers from around the globe are continually helping us to make this a successful and durable project!
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This work was published in the Journal of Statistical Software (Volume 104(3); doi:10.18637/jss.v104.i03
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) and formed the basis of two PhD theses (doi:10.33612/diss.177417131
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and doi:10.33612/diss.192486375
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).
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After installing this package, R knows ~79 000 microorganisms (updated June 2024) and all ~620 antibiotic, antimycotic and antiviral drugs by name and code (including ATC, EARS-Net, ASIARS-Net, PubChem, LOINC and SNOMED CT), and knows all about valid SIR and MIC values. The integral clinical breakpoint guidelines from CLSI and EUCAST are included, even with epidemiological cut-off (ECOFF) values. It supports and can read any data format, including WHONET data. This package works on Windows, macOS and Linux with all versions of R since R-3.0 (April 2013). It was designed to work in any setting, including those with very limited resources. It was created for both routine data analysis and academic research at the Faculty of Medical Sciences of the public University of Groningen, in collaboration with non-profit organisations Certe Medical Diagnostics and Advice Foundation and University Medical Center Groningen.
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The AMR package is available in English, Chinese, Czech, Danish, Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Italian, Japanese, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish, and Ukrainian. Antimicrobial drug (group) names and colloquial microorganism names are provided in these languages."><meta property="og:image" content="https://amr-for-r.org/logo.svg"><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/katex@0.16.11/dist/katex.min.css" integrity="sha384-nB0miv6/jRmo5UMMR1wu3Gz6NLsoTkbqJghGIsx//Rlm+ZU03BU6SQNC66uf4l5+" crossorigin="anonymous"><script defer src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/katex@0.16.11/dist/katex.min.js" integrity="sha384-7zkQWkzuo3B5mTepMUcHkMB5jZaolc2xDwL6VFqjFALcbeS9Ggm/Yr2r3Dy4lfFg" crossorigin="anonymous"></script><script defer src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/katex@0.16.11/dist/contrib/auto-render.min.js" integrity="sha384-43gviWU0YVjaDtb/GhzOouOXtZMP/7XUzwPTstBeZFe/+rCMvRwr4yROQP43s0Xk" crossorigin="anonymous" onload="renderMathInElement(document.body);"></script></head><body>
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<a class="navbar-brand me-2" href="../index.html">AMR (for R)</a>
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<small class="nav-text text-muted me-auto" data-bs-toggle="tooltip" data-bs-placement="bottom" title="">2.1.1.9236</small>
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<ul class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="dropdown-how-to"><li><a class="dropdown-item" href="../articles/AMR.html"><span class="fa fa-directions"></span> Conduct AMR Analysis</a></li>
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="../reference/antibiogram.html"><span class="fa fa-file-prescription"></span> Generate Antibiogram (Trad./Syndromic/WISCA)</a></li>
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="../articles/AMR_with_tidymodels.html"><span class="fa fa-square-root-variable"></span> Use AMR for Predictive Modelling (tidymodels)</a></li>
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="../articles/datasets.html"><span class="fa fa-database"></span> Download Data Sets for Own Use</a></li>
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="../reference/AMR-options.html"><span class="fa fa-gear"></span> Set User- Or Team-specific Package Settings</a></li>
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="../articles/PCA.html"><span class="fa fa-compress"></span> Conduct Principal Component Analysis for AMR</a></li>
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="../articles/MDR.html"><span class="fa fa-skull-crossbones"></span> Determine Multi-Drug Resistance (MDR)</a></li>
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="../articles/WHONET.html"><span class="fa fa-globe-americas"></span> Work with WHONET Data</a></li>
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="../articles/EUCAST.html"><span class="fa fa-exchange-alt"></span> Apply EUCAST Rules</a></li>
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="../reference/mo_property.html"><span class="fa fa-bug"></span> Get Taxonomy of a Microorganism</a></li>
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="../reference/ab_property.html"><span class="fa fa-capsules"></span> Get Properties of an Antibiotic Drug</a></li>
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<li><a class="dropdown-item" href="../reference/av_property.html"><span class="fa fa-capsules"></span> Get Properties of an Antiviral Drug</a></li>
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</ul></li>
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<li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="../articles/AMR_for_Python.html"><span class="fa fab fa-python"></span> AMR for Python</a></li>
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<li class="active nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="../reference/index.html"><span class="fa fa-book-open"></span> Manual</a></li>
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<input class="form-control" type="search" name="search-input" id="search-input" autocomplete="off" aria-label="Search site" placeholder="Search for" data-search-index="../search.json"></form></li>
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<li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="../news/index.html"><span class="fa fa-newspaper"></span> Changelog</a></li>
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<li class="nav-item"><a class="external-link nav-link" href="https://github.com/msberends/AMR"><span class="fa fa-github"></span> Source Code</a></li>
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</div>
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<div class="row">
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<main id="main" class="col-md-9"><div class="page-header">
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<img src="../logo.svg" class="logo" alt=""><h1>The <code>AMR</code> Package</h1>
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<small class="dont-index">Source: <a href="https://github.com/msberends/AMR/blob/main/R/aa_amr-package.R" class="external-link"><code>R/aa_amr-package.R</code></a></small>
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<div class="d-none name"><code>AMR.Rd</code></div>
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</div>
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<div class="ref-description section level2">
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<p>Welcome to the <code>AMR</code> package.</p>
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<p>The <code>AMR</code> package is a <a href="https://amr-for-r.org/#copyright">free and open-source</a> R package with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependency_hell" class="external-link">zero dependencies</a> to simplify the analysis and prediction of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) and to work with microbial and antimicrobial data and properties, by using evidence-based methods. <strong>Our aim is to provide a standard</strong> for clean and reproducible AMR data analysis, that can therefore empower epidemiological analyses to continuously enable surveillance and treatment evaluation in any setting. <a href="https://amr-for-r.org/authors.html">Many different researchers</a> from around the globe are continually helping us to make this a successful and durable project!</p>
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<p>This work was published in the Journal of Statistical Software (Volume 104(3); <a href="https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v104.i03" class="external-link">doi:10.18637/jss.v104.i03</a>
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) and formed the basis of two PhD theses (<a href="https://doi.org/10.33612/diss.177417131" class="external-link">doi:10.33612/diss.177417131</a>
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and <a href="https://doi.org/10.33612/diss.192486375" class="external-link">doi:10.33612/diss.192486375</a>
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).</p>
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<p>After installing this package, R knows <a href="https://amr-for-r.org/reference/microorganisms.html"><strong>~79 000 microorganisms</strong></a> (updated June 2024) and all <a href="https://amr-for-r.org/reference/antimicrobials.html"><strong>~620 antibiotic, antimycotic and antiviral drugs</strong></a> by name and code (including ATC, EARS-Net, ASIARS-Net, PubChem, LOINC and SNOMED CT), and knows all about valid SIR and MIC values. The integral clinical breakpoint guidelines from CLSI and EUCAST are included, even with epidemiological cut-off (ECOFF) values. It supports and can read any data format, including WHONET data. This package works on Windows, macOS and Linux with all versions of R since R-3.0 (April 2013). <strong>It was designed to work in any setting, including those with very limited resources</strong>. It was created for both routine data analysis and academic research at the Faculty of Medical Sciences of the public <a href="https://www.rug.nl" class="external-link">University of Groningen</a>, in collaboration with non-profit organisations <a href="https://www.certe.nl" class="external-link">Certe Medical Diagnostics and Advice Foundation</a> and <a href="https://www.umcg.nl" class="external-link">University Medical Center Groningen</a>.</p>
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<p>The <code>AMR</code> package is available in English, Chinese, Czech, Danish, Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Italian, Japanese, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish, and Ukrainian. Antimicrobial drug (group) names and colloquial microorganism names are provided in these languages.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="section level2">
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<h2 id="source">Source<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#source"></a></h2>
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<p>To cite AMR in publications use:</p>
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<p>Berends MS, Luz CF, Friedrich AW, Sinha BNM, Albers CJ, Glasner C (2022). "AMR: An R Package for Working with Antimicrobial Resistance Data." <em>Journal of Statistical Software</em>, <em>104</em>(3), 1-31. <a href="https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v104.i03" class="external-link">doi:10.18637/jss.v104.i03</a></p>
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<p>A BibTeX entry for LaTeX users is:</p>
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<div class="sourceCode"><pre><code>
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@Article{,
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title = {{AMR}: An {R} Package for Working with Antimicrobial Resistance Data},
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author = {Matthijs S. Berends and Christian F. Luz and Alexander W. Friedrich and Bhanu N. M. Sinha and Casper J. Albers and Corinna Glasner},
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journal = {Journal of Statistical Software},
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year = {2022},
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volume = {104},
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number = {3},
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pages = {1--31},
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doi = {10.18637/jss.v104.i03},
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}
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="section level2">
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<h2 id="download-our-reference-data">Download Our Reference Data<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#download-our-reference-data"></a></h2>
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<p>All reference data sets in the AMR package - including information on microorganisms, antimicrobials, and clinical breakpoints - are freely available for download in multiple formats: R, MS Excel, Apache Feather, Apache Parquet, SPSS, and Stata.</p>
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<p>For maximum compatibility, we also provide machine-readable, tab-separated plain text files suitable for use in any software, including laboratory information systems.</p>
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<p>Visit <a href="https://amr-for-r.org/articles/datasets.html">our website for direct download links</a>, or explore the actual files in <a href="https://github.com/msberends/AMR/tree/main/data-raw" class="external-link">our GitHub repository</a>.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="section level2">
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<h2 id="see-also">See also<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#see-also"></a></h2>
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<div class="dont-index"><p>Useful links:</p><ul><li><p><a href="https://amr-for-r.org">https://amr-for-r.org</a></p></li>
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<li><p><a href="https://github.com/msberends/AMR" class="external-link">https://github.com/msberends/AMR</a></p></li>
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<li><p>Report bugs at <a href="https://github.com/msberends/AMR/issues" class="external-link">https://github.com/msberends/AMR/issues</a></p></li>
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</ul></div>
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</div>
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<div class="section level2">
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<h2 id="author">Author<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#author"></a></h2>
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<p><strong>Maintainer</strong>: Matthijs S. Berends <a href="mailto:m.s.berends@umcg.nl">m.s.berends@umcg.nl</a> (<a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7620-1800" class="external-link">ORCID</a>)</p>
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<p>Authors:</p><ul><li><p>Dennis Souverein (<a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0455-0336" class="external-link">ORCID</a>) [contributor]</p></li>
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<li><p>Erwin E. A. Hassing [contributor]</p></li>
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</ul><p>Other contributors:</p><ul><li><p>Aislinn Cook (<a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9189-7815" class="external-link">ORCID</a>) [contributor]</p></li>
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<li><p>Andrew P. Norgan (<a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2955-2066" class="external-link">ORCID</a>) [contributor]</p></li>
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<li><p>Anita Williams (<a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5295-8451" class="external-link">ORCID</a>) [contributor]</p></li>
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<li><p>Annick Lenglet (<a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2013-8405" class="external-link">ORCID</a>) [contributor]</p></li>
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<li><p>Anthony Underwood (<a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8547-4277" class="external-link">ORCID</a>) [contributor]</p></li>
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<li><p>Anton Mymrikov [contributor]</p></li>
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<li><p>Bart C. Meijer [contributor]</p></li>
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<li><p>Christian F. Luz (<a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5809-5995" class="external-link">ORCID</a>) [contributor]</p></li>
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<li><p>Dmytro Mykhailenko [contributor]</p></li>
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<li><p>Eric H. L. C. M. Hazenberg [contributor]</p></li>
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<li><p>Gwen Knight (<a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7263-9896" class="external-link">ORCID</a>) [contributor]</p></li>
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<li><p>Jane Hawkey (<a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9661-5293" class="external-link">ORCID</a>) [contributor]</p></li>
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<li><p>Jason Stull (<a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9028-8153" class="external-link">ORCID</a>) [contributor]</p></li>
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<li><p>Javier Sanchez (<a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2605-8094" class="external-link">ORCID</a>) [contributor]</p></li>
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<li><p>Jonas Salm [contributor]</p></li>
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<li><p>Judith M. Fonville [contributor]</p></li>
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<li><p>Kathryn Holt (<a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3949-2471" class="external-link">ORCID</a>) [contributor]</p></li>
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<li><p>Larisse Bolton (<a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7879-2173" class="external-link">ORCID</a>) [contributor]</p></li>
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<li><p>Matthew Saab [contributor]</p></li>
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<li><p>Natacha Couto (<a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9152-5464" class="external-link">ORCID</a>) [contributor]</p></li>
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<li><p>Peter Dutey-Magni (<a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8942-9836" class="external-link">ORCID</a>) [contributor]</p></li>
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<li><p>Rogier P. Schade [contributor]</p></li>
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<li><p>Sofia Ny (<a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2017-1363" class="external-link">ORCID</a>) [contributor]</p></li>
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<li><p>Alex W. Friedrich (<a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4881-038X" class="external-link">ORCID</a>) [thesis advisor]</p></li>
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<li><p>Bhanu N. M. Sinha (<a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1634-0010" class="external-link">ORCID</a>) [thesis advisor]</p></li>
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<li><p>Casper J. Albers (<a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9213-6743" class="external-link">ORCID</a>) [thesis advisor]</p></li>
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<li><p>Corinna Glasner (<a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1241-1328" class="external-link">ORCID</a>) [thesis advisor]</p></li>
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</ul></div>
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<footer><div class="pkgdown-footer-left">
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<p><code>AMR</code> (for R). Free and open-source, licenced under the <a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/msberends/AMR/blob/main/LICENSE" class="external-link">GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GPL-2)</a>.<br>Developed at the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.rug.nl" class="external-link">University of Groningen</a> and <a target="_blank" href="https://www.umcg.nl" class="external-link">University Medical Center Groningen</a> in The Netherlands.</p>
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