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259 lines
9.8 KiB
R
Executable File
259 lines
9.8 KiB
R
Executable File
# ==================================================================== #
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# TITLE #
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# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis #
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# #
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# SOURCE #
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# https://gitlab.com/msberends/AMR #
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# #
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# LICENCE #
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# (c) 2019 Berends MS (m.s.berends@umcg.nl), Luz CF (c.f.luz@umcg.nl) #
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# #
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# This R package is free software; you can freely use and distribute #
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# it for both personal and commercial purposes under the terms of the #
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# GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GNU GPL-2), as published by #
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# the Free Software Foundation. #
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# #
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# This R package was created for academic research and was publicly #
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# released in the hope that it will be useful, but it comes WITHOUT #
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# ANY WARRANTY OR LIABILITY. #
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# Visit our website for more info: https://msberends.gitlab.io/AMR. #
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# ==================================================================== #
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#' Transform to antibiotic ID
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#'
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#' Use this function to determine the antibiotic code of one or more antibiotics. The data set \code{\link{antibiotics}} will be searched for abbreviations, official names and synonyms (brand names).
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#' @param x character vector to determine to antibiotic ID
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#' @rdname as.ab
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#' @keywords atc
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#' @inheritSection WHOCC WHOCC
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#' @export
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#' @importFrom dplyr %>% filter slice pull
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#' @details All entries in the \code{\link{antibiotics}} data set have three different identifiers: a human readable EARS-Net code (column \code{ab}, used by ECDC and WHONET), an ATC code (column \code{atc}, used by WHO), and a CID code (column \code{cid}, Compound ID, used by PubChem). The data set contains more than 5,000 official brand names from many different countries, as found in PubChem.
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#'
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#' Use the \code{\link{ab_property}} functions to get properties based on the returned antibiotic ID, see Examples.
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#' @section Source:
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#' World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology: \url{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/}
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#'
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#' WHONET 2019 software: \url{http://www.whonet.org/software.html}
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#'
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#' European Commission Public Health PHARMACEUTICALS - COMMUNITY REGISTER: \url{http://ec.europa.eu/health/documents/community-register/html/atc.htm}
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#' @return Character (vector) with class \code{"ab"}. Unknown values will return \code{NA}.
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#' @seealso \code{\link{antibiotics}} for the dataframe that is being used to determine ATCs.
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#' @inheritSection AMR Read more on our website!
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#' @examples
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#' # These examples all return "ERY", the ID of Erythromycin:
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#' as.ab("J01FA01")
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#' as.ab("J 01 FA 01")
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#' as.ab("Erythromycin")
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#' as.ab("eryt")
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#' as.ab(" eryt 123")
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#' as.ab("ERYT")
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#' as.ab("ERY")
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#' as.ab("eritromicine") # spelled wrong, yet works
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#' as.ab("Erythrocin") # trade name
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#' as.ab("Romycin") # trade name
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#'
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#' # Use ab_* functions to get a specific properties (see ?ab_property);
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#' # they use as.ab() internally:
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#' ab_name("J01FA01") # "Erythromycin"
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#' ab_name("eryt") # "Erythromycin"
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as.ab <- function(x) {
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if (is.ab(x)) {
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return(x)
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}
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if (all(toupper(x) %in% AMR::antibiotics$ab)) {
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# valid AB code, but not yet right class
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return(structure(.Data = toupper(x),
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class = "ab"))
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}
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x_bak <- x
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# remove suffices
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x_bak_clean <- gsub("_(mic|rsi|disk|disc)$", "", x, ignore.case = TRUE)
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# remove disk concentrations, like LVX_NM -> LVX
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x_bak_clean <- gsub("_[A-Z]{2}[0-9_]{0,3}$", "", x_bak_clean, ignore.case = TRUE)
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# clean rest of it
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x_bak_clean <- gsub("[^A-Z0-9/-]", "", x_bak_clean, ignore.case = TRUE)
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# keep only a-z when it's not an ATC code or only numbers
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x_bak_clean[!x_bak_clean %like% "^([A-Z][0-9]{2}[A-Z]{2}[0-9]{2}|[0-9]+)$"] <- gsub("[^a-zA-Z]+",
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"",
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x_bak_clean[!x_bak_clean %like% "^([A-Z][0-9]{2}[A-Z]{2}[0-9]{2}|[0-9]+)$"])
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x <- unique(x_bak_clean)
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x_new <- rep(NA_character_, length(x))
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x_unknown <- character(0)
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for (i in 1:length(x)) {
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if (is.na(x[i]) | is.null(x[i])) {
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next
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}
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if (identical(x[i], "")) {
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x_unknown <- c(x_unknown, x_bak[x[i] == x_bak_clean][1])
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next
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}
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# exact AB code
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found <- AMR::antibiotics[which(AMR::antibiotics$ab == toupper(x[i])),]$ab
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if (length(found) > 0) {
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x_new[i] <- found[1L]
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next
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}
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# exact ATC code
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found <- AMR::antibiotics[which(AMR::antibiotics$atc == toupper(x[i])),]$ab
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if (length(found) > 0) {
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x_new[i] <- found[1L]
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next
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}
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# exact CID code
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found <- AMR::antibiotics[which(AMR::antibiotics$cid == x[i]),]$ab
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if (length(found) > 0) {
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x_new[i] <- found[1L]
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next
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}
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# exact name
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found <- AMR::antibiotics[which(toupper(AMR::antibiotics$name) == toupper(x[i])),]$ab
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if (length(found) > 0) {
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x_new[i] <- found[1L]
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next
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}
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# exact synonym
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synonym_found <- unlist(lapply(AMR::antibiotics$synonyms,
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function(s) if (toupper(x[i]) %in% toupper(s)) {
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TRUE
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} else {
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FALSE
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}))
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found <- AMR::antibiotics$ab[synonym_found == TRUE]
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if (length(found) > 0) {
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x_new[i] <- found[1L]
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next
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}
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# exact abbreviation
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abbr_found <- unlist(lapply(AMR::antibiotics$abbreviations,
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function(a) if (toupper(x[i]) %in% toupper(a)) {
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TRUE
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} else {
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FALSE
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}))
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found <- AMR::antibiotics$ab[abbr_found == TRUE]
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if (length(found) > 0) {
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x_new[i] <- found[1L]
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next
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}
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# first >=4 characters of name
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if (nchar(x[i]) >= 4) {
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found <- AMR::antibiotics[which(toupper(AMR::antibiotics$name) %like% paste0("^", x[i])),]$ab
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if (length(found) > 0) {
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x_new[i] <- found[1L]
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next
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}
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}
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# allow characters that resemble others, but only continue when having more than 3 characters
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if (nchar(x[i]) <= 3) {
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x_unknown <- c(x_unknown, x_bak[x[i] == x_bak_clean][1])
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next
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}
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x_spelling <- tolower(x[i])
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x_spelling <- gsub("[iy]+", "[iy]+", x_spelling)
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x_spelling <- gsub("[sz]+", "[sz]+", x_spelling)
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x_spelling <- gsub("(c|k|q|qu)+", "(c|k|q|qu)+", x_spelling)
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x_spelling <- gsub("(ph|f|v)+", "(ph|f|v)+", x_spelling)
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x_spelling <- gsub("(th|t)+", "(th|t)+", x_spelling)
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x_spelling <- gsub("(x|ks)+", "(x|ks)+", x_spelling)
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x_spelling <- gsub("a+", "a+", x_spelling)
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x_spelling <- gsub("e+", "e+", x_spelling)
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x_spelling <- gsub("o+", "o+", x_spelling)
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# allow start with C/S/Z
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x_spelling <- gsub("^(\\(c\\|k\\|q\\|qu\\)|\\[sz\\])", "(c|k|q|qu|s|z)", x_spelling)
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x_spelling <- gsub("(c|k|q|qu)+[sz]", "(c|k|q|qu|s|x|z)", x_spelling, fixed = TRUE)
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# allow any ending of -in/-ine and -im/-ime
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x_spelling <- gsub("(\\[iy\\]\\+(n|m)|\\[iy\\]\\+(n|m)e\\+)$", "[iy]+(n|m)e*", x_spelling)
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# allow any ending of -ol/-ole
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x_spelling <- gsub("(o\\+l|o\\+le\\+)$", "o+le*", x_spelling)
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# allow any ending of -on/-one
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x_spelling <- gsub("(o\\+n|o\\+ne\\+)$", "o+ne*", x_spelling)
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# try if name starts with it
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found <- AMR::antibiotics[which(AMR::antibiotics$name %like% paste0("^", x_spelling)),]$ab
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if (length(found) > 0) {
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x_new[i] <- found[1L]
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next
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}
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# and try if any synonym starts with it
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synonym_found <- unlist(lapply(AMR::antibiotics$synonyms,
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function(s) if (any(s %like% paste0("^", x_spelling))) {
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TRUE
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} else {
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FALSE
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}))
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found <- AMR::antibiotics$ab[synonym_found == TRUE]
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if (length(found) > 0) {
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x_new[i] <- found[1L]
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next
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}
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# not found
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x_unknown <- c(x_unknown, x_bak[x[i] == x_bak_clean][1])
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}
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if (length(x_unknown) > 0) {
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warning("These values could not be coerced to a valid antibiotic ID: ",
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paste('"', sort(unique(x_unknown)), '"', sep = "", collapse = ', '),
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".",
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call. = FALSE)
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}
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x_result <- data.frame(x = x_bak_clean, stringsAsFactors = FALSE) %>%
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left_join(data.frame(x = x, x_new = x_new, stringsAsFactors = FALSE), by = "x") %>%
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pull(x_new)
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if (length(x_result) == 0) {
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x_result <- NA_character_
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}
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structure(.Data = x_result,
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class = "ab")
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}
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#' @rdname as.ab
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#' @export
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is.ab <- function(x) {
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identical(class(x), "ab")
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}
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#' @exportMethod print.ab
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#' @export
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#' @noRd
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print.ab <- function(x, ...) {
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cat("Class 'ab'\n")
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print.default(as.character(x), quote = FALSE)
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}
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#' @exportMethod as.data.frame.ab
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#' @export
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#' @noRd
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as.data.frame.ab <- function (x, ...) {
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# same as as.data.frame.character but with removed stringsAsFactors
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nm <- paste(deparse(substitute(x), width.cutoff = 500L),
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collapse = " ")
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if (!"nm" %in% names(list(...))) {
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as.data.frame.vector(x, ..., nm = nm)
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} else {
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as.data.frame.vector(x, ...)
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}
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}
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#' @exportMethod pull.ab
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#' @export
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#' @importFrom dplyr pull
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#' @noRd
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pull.ab <- function(.data, ...) {
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pull(as.data.frame(.data), ...)
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}
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