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451 lines
18 KiB
R
451 lines
18 KiB
R
# ==================================================================== #
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# TITLE #
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# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Data Analysis for R #
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# #
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# SOURCE #
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# https://github.com/msberends/AMR #
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# #
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# LICENCE #
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# (c) 2018-2022 Berends MS, Luz CF et al. #
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# Developed at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, in #
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# collaboration with non-profit organisations Certe Medical #
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# Diagnostics & Advice, and University Medical Center Groningen. #
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# #
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# This R package is free software; you can freely use and distribute #
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# it for both personal and commercial purposes under the terms of the #
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# GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GNU GPL-2), as published by #
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# the Free Software Foundation. #
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# We created this package for both routine data analysis and academic #
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# research and it was publicly released in the hope that it will be #
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# useful, but it comes WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OR LIABILITY. #
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# #
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# Visit our website for the full manual and a complete tutorial about #
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# how to conduct AMR data analysis: https://msberends.github.io/AMR/ #
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# ==================================================================== #
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#' Get Properties of an Antibiotic
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#'
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#' Use these functions to return a specific property of an antibiotic from the [antibiotics] data set. All input values will be evaluated internally with [as.ab()].
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#' @inheritSection lifecycle Stable Lifecycle
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#' @param x any (vector of) text that can be coerced to a valid antibiotic code with [as.ab()]
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#' @param tolower a [logical] to indicate whether the first [character] of every output should be transformed to a lower case [character]. This will lead to e.g. "polymyxin B" and not "polymyxin b".
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#' @param property one of the column names of one of the [antibiotics] data set: `vector_or(colnames(antibiotics), sort = FALSE)`.
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#' @param language language of the returned text, defaults to system language (see [get_AMR_locale()]) and can also be set with `getOption("AMR_locale")`. Use `language = NULL` or `language = ""` to prevent translation.
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#' @param administration way of administration, either `"oral"` or `"iv"`
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#' @param open browse the URL using [utils::browseURL()]
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#' @param ... in case of [set_ab_names()] and `data` is a [data.frame]: variables to select (supports tidy selection such as `column1:column4`), otherwise other arguments passed on to [as.ab()]
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#' @param data a [data.frame] of which the columns need to be renamed, or a [character] vector of column names
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#' @param snake_case a [logical] to indicate whether the names should be in so-called [snake case](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snake_case): in lower case and all spaces/slashes replaced with an underscore (`_`)
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#' @param only_first a [logical] to indicate whether only the first ATC code must be returned, with giving preference to J0-codes (i.e., the antimicrobial drug group)
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#' @details All output [will be translated][translate] where possible.
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#'
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#' The function [ab_url()] will return the direct URL to the official WHO website. A warning will be returned if the required ATC code is not available.
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#'
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#' The function [set_ab_names()] is a special column renaming function for [data.frame]s. It renames columns names that resemble antimicrobial drugs. It always makes sure that the new column names are unique. If `property = "atc"` is set, preference is given to ATC codes from the J-group.
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#' @inheritSection as.ab Source
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#' @rdname ab_property
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#' @name ab_property
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#' @return
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#' - An [integer] in case of [ab_cid()]
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#' - A named [list] in case of [ab_info()] and multiple [ab_atc()]/[ab_synonyms()]/[ab_tradenames()]
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#' - A [double] in case of [ab_ddd()]
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#' - A [data.frame] in case of [set_ab_names()]
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#' - A [character] in all other cases
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#' @export
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#' @seealso [antibiotics]
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#' @inheritSection AMR Reference Data Publicly Available
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#' @inheritSection AMR Read more on Our Website!
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#' @examples
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#' # all properties:
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#' ab_name("AMX") # "Amoxicillin"
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#' ab_atc("AMX") # "J01CA04" (ATC code from the WHO)
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#' ab_cid("AMX") # 33613 (Compound ID from PubChem)
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#' ab_synonyms("AMX") # a list with brand names of amoxicillin
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#' ab_tradenames("AMX") # same
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#' ab_group("AMX") # "Beta-lactams/penicillins"
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#' ab_atc_group1("AMX") # "Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins"
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#' ab_atc_group2("AMX") # "Penicillins with extended spectrum"
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#' ab_url("AMX") # link to the official WHO page
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#'
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#' # smart lowercase tranformation
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#' ab_name(x = c("AMC", "PLB")) # "Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid" "Polymyxin B"
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#' ab_name(x = c("AMC", "PLB"),
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#' tolower = TRUE) # "amoxicillin/clavulanic acid" "polymyxin B"
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#'
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#' # defined daily doses (DDD)
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#' ab_ddd("AMX", "oral") # 1.5
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#' ab_ddd_units("AMX", "oral") # "g"
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#' ab_ddd("AMX", "iv") # 3
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#' ab_ddd_units("AMX", "iv") # "g"
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#'
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#' ab_info("AMX") # all properties as a list
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#'
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#' # all ab_* functions use as.ab() internally, so you can go from 'any' to 'any':
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#' ab_atc("AMP") # ATC code of AMP (ampicillin)
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#' ab_group("J01CA01") # Drug group of ampicillins ATC code
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#' ab_loinc("ampicillin") # LOINC codes of ampicillin
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#' ab_name("21066-6") # "Ampicillin" (using LOINC)
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#' ab_name(6249) # "Ampicillin" (using CID)
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#' ab_name("J01CA01") # "Ampicillin" (using ATC)
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#'
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#' # spelling from different languages and dyslexia are no problem
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#' ab_atc("ceftriaxon")
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#' ab_atc("cephtriaxone")
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#' ab_atc("cephthriaxone")
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#' ab_atc("seephthriaaksone")
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#'
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#' # use set_ab_names() for renaming columns
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#' colnames(example_isolates)
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#' colnames(set_ab_names(example_isolates))
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#' colnames(set_ab_names(example_isolates, NIT:VAN))
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#' \donttest{
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#' if (require("dplyr")) {
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#' example_isolates %>%
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#' set_ab_names()
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#'
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#' # this does the same:
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#' example_isolates %>%
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#' rename_with(set_ab_names)
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#'
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#' # set_ab_names() works with any AB property:
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#' example_isolates %>%
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#' set_ab_names(property = "atc")
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#'
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#' example_isolates %>%
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#' set_ab_names(where(is.rsi)) %>%
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#' colnames()
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#'
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#' example_isolates %>%
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#' set_ab_names(NIT:VAN) %>%
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#' colnames()
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#' }
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#' }
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ab_name <- function(x, language = get_AMR_locale(), tolower = FALSE, ...) {
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meet_criteria(x, allow_NA = TRUE)
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meet_criteria(language, has_length = 1, is_in = c(LANGUAGES_SUPPORTED, ""), allow_NULL = TRUE, allow_NA = TRUE)
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meet_criteria(tolower, allow_class = "logical", has_length = 1)
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x <- translate_AMR(ab_validate(x = x, property = "name", ...), language = language, only_affect_ab_names = TRUE)
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if (tolower == TRUE) {
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# use perl to only transform the first character
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# as we want "polymyxin B", not "polymyxin b"
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x <- gsub("^([A-Z])", "\\L\\1", x, perl = TRUE)
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}
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x
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}
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#' @rdname ab_property
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#' @export
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ab_cid <- function(x, ...) {
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meet_criteria(x, allow_NA = TRUE)
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ab_validate(x = x, property = "cid", ...)
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}
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#' @rdname ab_property
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#' @export
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ab_synonyms <- function(x, ...) {
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meet_criteria(x, allow_NA = TRUE)
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syns <- ab_validate(x = x, property = "synonyms", ...)
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names(syns) <- x
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if (length(syns) == 1) {
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unname(unlist(syns))
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} else {
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syns
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}
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}
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#' @rdname ab_property
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#' @export
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ab_tradenames <- function(x, ...) {
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meet_criteria(x, allow_NA = TRUE)
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ab_synonyms(x, ...)
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}
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#' @rdname ab_property
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#' @export
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ab_group <- function(x, language = get_AMR_locale(), ...) {
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meet_criteria(x, allow_NA = TRUE)
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meet_criteria(language, has_length = 1, is_in = c(LANGUAGES_SUPPORTED, ""), allow_NULL = TRUE, allow_NA = TRUE)
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translate_AMR(ab_validate(x = x, property = "group", ...), language = language, only_affect_ab_names = TRUE)
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}
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#' @rdname ab_property
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#' @aliases ATC
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#' @export
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ab_atc <- function(x, only_first = FALSE, ...) {
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meet_criteria(x, allow_NA = TRUE)
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meet_criteria(only_first, allow_class = "logical", has_length = 1)
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atcs <- ab_validate(x = x, property = "atc", ...)
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if (only_first == TRUE) {
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atcs <- vapply(FUN.VALUE = character(1),
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# get only the first ATC code
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atcs,
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function(x) {
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# try to get the J-group
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if (any(x %like% "^J")) {
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x[x %like% "^J"][1L]
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} else {
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as.character(x[1L])
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}
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})
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} else if (length(atcs) == 1) {
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atcs <- unname(unlist(atcs))
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} else {
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names(atcs) <- x
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}
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atcs
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}
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#' @rdname ab_property
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#' @export
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ab_atc_group1 <- function(x, language = get_AMR_locale(), ...) {
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meet_criteria(x, allow_NA = TRUE)
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meet_criteria(language, has_length = 1, is_in = c(LANGUAGES_SUPPORTED, ""), allow_NULL = TRUE, allow_NA = TRUE)
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translate_AMR(ab_validate(x = x, property = "atc_group1", ...), language = language, only_affect_ab_names = TRUE)
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}
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#' @rdname ab_property
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#' @export
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ab_atc_group2 <- function(x, language = get_AMR_locale(), ...) {
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meet_criteria(x, allow_NA = TRUE)
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meet_criteria(language, has_length = 1, is_in = c(LANGUAGES_SUPPORTED, ""), allow_NULL = TRUE, allow_NA = TRUE)
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translate_AMR(ab_validate(x = x, property = "atc_group2", ...), language = language, only_affect_ab_names = TRUE)
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}
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#' @rdname ab_property
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#' @export
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ab_loinc <- function(x, ...) {
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meet_criteria(x, allow_NA = TRUE)
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loincs <- ab_validate(x = x, property = "loinc", ...)
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names(loincs) <- x
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if (length(loincs) == 1) {
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unname(unlist(loincs))
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} else {
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loincs
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}
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}
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#' @rdname ab_property
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#' @export
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ab_ddd <- function(x, administration = "oral", ...) {
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meet_criteria(x, allow_NA = TRUE)
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meet_criteria(administration, is_in = c("oral", "iv"), has_length = 1)
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x <- as.ab(x, ...)
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ddd_prop <- administration
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# old behaviour
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units <- list(...)$units
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if (!is.null(units) && isTRUE(units)) {
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if (message_not_thrown_before("ab_ddd", entire_session = TRUE)) {
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warning_("in `ab_ddd()`: using `ab_ddd(..., units = TRUE)` is deprecated, use `ab_ddd_units()` to retrieve units instead.",
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"This warning will be shown once per session.")
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}
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ddd_prop <- paste0(ddd_prop, "_units")
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} else {
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ddd_prop <- paste0(ddd_prop, "_ddd")
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}
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out <- ab_validate(x = x, property = ddd_prop)
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if (any(ab_name(x, language = NULL) %like% "/" & is.na(out))) {
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warning_("in `ab_ddd()`: DDDs of some combined products are available for different dose combinations and not (yet) part of the AMR package.",
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"Please refer to the WHOCC website:\n",
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"www.whocc.no/ddd/list_of_ddds_combined_products/")
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}
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out
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}
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#' @rdname ab_property
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#' @export
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ab_ddd_units <- function(x, administration = "oral", ...) {
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meet_criteria(x, allow_NA = TRUE)
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meet_criteria(administration, is_in = c("oral", "iv"), has_length = 1)
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x <- as.ab(x, ...)
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if (any(ab_name(x, language = NULL) %like% "/")) {
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warning_("in `ab_ddd_units()`: DDDs of combined products are available for different dose combinations and not (yet) part of the AMR package.",
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"Please refer to the WHOCC website:\n",
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"www.whocc.no/ddd/list_of_ddds_combined_products/")
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}
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ddd_prop <- paste0(administration, "_units")
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ab_validate(x = x, property = ddd_prop)
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}
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#' @rdname ab_property
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#' @export
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ab_info <- function(x, language = get_AMR_locale(), ...) {
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meet_criteria(x, allow_NA = TRUE)
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meet_criteria(language, has_length = 1, is_in = c(LANGUAGES_SUPPORTED, ""), allow_NULL = TRUE, allow_NA = TRUE)
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x <- as.ab(x, ...)
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list(ab = as.character(x),
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cid = ab_cid(x),
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name = ab_name(x, language = language),
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group = ab_group(x, language = language),
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atc = ab_atc(x),
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atc_group1 = ab_atc_group1(x, language = language),
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atc_group2 = ab_atc_group2(x, language = language),
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tradenames = ab_tradenames(x),
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loinc = ab_loinc(x),
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ddd = list(oral = list(amount = ab_ddd(x, administration = "oral"),
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units = ab_ddd_units(x, administration = "oral")),
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iv = list(amount = ab_ddd(x, administration = "iv"),
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units = ab_ddd_units(x, administration = "iv"))))
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}
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#' @rdname ab_property
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#' @export
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ab_url <- function(x, open = FALSE, ...) {
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meet_criteria(x, allow_NA = TRUE)
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meet_criteria(open, allow_class = "logical", has_length = 1)
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ab <- as.ab(x = x, ...)
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atcs <- ab_atc(ab, only_first = TRUE)
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u <- paste0("https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=", atcs, "&showdescription=no")
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u[is.na(atcs)] <- NA_character_
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names(u) <- ab_name(ab)
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NAs <- ab_name(ab, tolower = TRUE, language = NULL)[!is.na(ab) & is.na(atcs)]
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if (length(NAs) > 0) {
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warning_("in `ab_url()`: no ATC code available for ", vector_and(NAs, quotes = FALSE), ".")
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}
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if (open == TRUE) {
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if (length(u) > 1 & !is.na(u[1L])) {
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warning_("in `ab_url()`: only the first URL will be opened, as `browseURL()` only suports one string.")
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}
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if (!is.na(u[1L])) {
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utils::browseURL(u[1L])
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}
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}
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u
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}
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#' @rdname ab_property
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#' @export
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ab_property <- function(x, property = "name", language = get_AMR_locale(), ...) {
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meet_criteria(x, allow_NA = TRUE)
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meet_criteria(property, is_in = colnames(antibiotics), has_length = 1)
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meet_criteria(language, is_in = c(LANGUAGES_SUPPORTED, ""), has_length = 1, allow_NULL = TRUE, allow_NA = TRUE)
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translate_AMR(ab_validate(x = x, property = property, ...), language = language)
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}
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#' @rdname ab_property
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#' @aliases ATC
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#' @export
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set_ab_names <- function(data, ..., property = "name", language = get_AMR_locale(), snake_case = NULL) {
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meet_criteria(data, allow_class = c("data.frame", "character"))
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meet_criteria(property, is_in = colnames(antibiotics), has_length = 1, ignore.case = TRUE)
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meet_criteria(language, has_length = 1, is_in = c(LANGUAGES_SUPPORTED, ""), allow_NULL = TRUE, allow_NA = TRUE)
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meet_criteria(snake_case, allow_class = "logical", has_length = 1, allow_NULL = TRUE)
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x_deparsed <- deparse(substitute(data))
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if (length(x_deparsed) > 1 || any(x_deparsed %unlike% "[a-z]+")) {
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x_deparsed <- "your_data"
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}
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property <- tolower(property)
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if (is.null(snake_case)) {
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snake_case <- property == "name"
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}
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if (is.data.frame(data)) {
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if (tryCatch(length(list(...)) > 0, error = function(e) TRUE)) {
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df <- pm_select(data, ...)
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} else {
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df <- data
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}
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vars <- get_column_abx(df, info = FALSE, only_rsi_columns = FALSE, sort = FALSE, fn = "set_ab_names")
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if (length(vars) == 0) {
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message_("No columns with antibiotic results found for `set_ab_names()`, leaving names unchanged.")
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return(data)
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}
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} else {
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# quickly get antibiotic codes
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vars_ab <- as.ab(data, fast_mode = TRUE)
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vars <- data[!is.na(vars_ab)]
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}
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x <- vapply(FUN.VALUE = character(1),
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ab_property(vars, property = property, language = language),
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function(x) {
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if (property == "atc") {
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# try to get the J-group
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if (any(x %like% "^J")) {
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x[x %like% "^J"][1L]
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} else {
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as.character(x[1L])
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}
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} else {
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as.character(x[1L])
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}
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},
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USE.NAMES = FALSE)
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if (any(x %in% c("", NA))) {
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warning_("in `set_ab_names()`: no ", property, " found for column(s): ",
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vector_and(vars[x %in% c("", NA)], sort = FALSE))
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x[x %in% c("", NA)] <- vars[x %in% c("", NA)]
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}
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if (snake_case == TRUE) {
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x <- tolower(gsub("[^a-zA-Z0-9]+", "_", x))
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}
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if (any(duplicated(x))) {
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# very hacky way of adding the index to each duplicate
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# so "Amoxicillin", "Amoxicillin", "Amoxicillin"
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# will be "Amoxicillin", "Amoxicillin_2", "Amoxicillin_3"
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invisible(lapply(unique(x),
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function(u) {
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dups <- which(x == u)
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if (length(dups) > 1) {
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# there are duplicates
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dup_add_int <- dups[2:length(dups)]
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x[dup_add_int] <<- paste0(x[dup_add_int], "_", c(2:length(dups)))
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}
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}))
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}
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if (is.data.frame(data)) {
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colnames(data)[colnames(data) %in% vars] <- x
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data
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} else {
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data[which(!is.na(vars_ab))] <- x
|
|
data
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
ab_validate <- function(x, property, ...) {
|
|
|
|
check_dataset_integrity()
|
|
|
|
if (tryCatch(all(x[!is.na(x)] %in% AB_lookup$ab), error = function(e) FALSE)) {
|
|
# special case for ab_* functions where class is already <ab>
|
|
x <- AB_lookup[match(x, AB_lookup$ab), property, drop = TRUE]
|
|
|
|
} else {
|
|
# try to catch an error when inputting an invalid argument
|
|
# so the 'call.' can be set to FALSE
|
|
tryCatch(x[1L] %in% antibiotics[1, property],
|
|
error = function(e) stop(e$message, call. = FALSE))
|
|
|
|
if (!all(x %in% AB_lookup[, property])) {
|
|
x <- as.ab(x, ...)
|
|
x <- AB_lookup[match(x, AB_lookup$ab), property, drop = TRUE]
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
if (property == "ab") {
|
|
return(set_clean_class(x, new_class = c("ab", "character")))
|
|
} else if (property == "cid") {
|
|
return(as.integer(x))
|
|
} else if (property %like% "ddd") {
|
|
return(as.double(x))
|
|
} else {
|
|
x[is.na(x)] <- NA
|
|
return(x)
|
|
}
|
|
}
|