mirror of https://github.com/msberends/AMR.git
157 lines
37 KiB
R
157 lines
37 KiB
R
% Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand
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% Please edit documentation in R/eucast_rules.R
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\name{eucast_rules}
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\alias{eucast_rules}
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\alias{EUCAST}
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\alias{eucast_dosage}
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\title{Apply EUCAST Rules}
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\source{
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\itemize{
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\item EUCAST Expert Rules. Version 2.0, 2012.\cr
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Leclercq et al. \strong{EUCAST expert rules in antimicrobial susceptibility testing.} \emph{Clin Microbiol Infect.} 2013;19(2):141-60; \doi{https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03703.x}
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\item EUCAST Expert Rules, Intrinsic Resistance and Exceptional Phenotypes Tables. Version 3.1, 2016. \href{https://www.eucast.org/fileadmin/src/media/PDFs/EUCAST_files/Expert_Rules/Expert_rules_intrinsic_exceptional_V3.1.pdf}{(link)}
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\item EUCAST Intrinsic Resistance and Unusual Phenotypes. Version 3.2, 2020. \href{https://www.eucast.org/fileadmin/src/media/PDFs/EUCAST_files/Expert_Rules/2020/Intrinsic_Resistance_and_Unusual_Phenotypes_Tables_v3.2_20200225.pdf}{(link)}
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\item EUCAST Intrinsic Resistance and Unusual Phenotypes. Version 3.3, 2021. \href{https://www.eucast.org/fileadmin/src/media/PDFs/EUCAST_files/Expert_Rules/2021/Intrinsic_Resistance_and_Unusual_Phenotypes_Tables_v3.3_20211018.pdf}{(link)}
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\item EUCAST Breakpoint tables for interpretation of MICs and zone diameters. Version 9.0, 2019. \href{https://www.eucast.org/fileadmin/src/media/PDFs/EUCAST_files/Breakpoint_tables/v_9.0_Breakpoint_Tables.xlsx}{(link)}
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\item EUCAST Breakpoint tables for interpretation of MICs and zone diameters. Version 10.0, 2020. \href{https://www.eucast.org/fileadmin/src/media/PDFs/EUCAST_files/Breakpoint_tables/v_10.0_Breakpoint_Tables.xlsx}{(link)}
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\item EUCAST Breakpoint tables for interpretation of MICs and zone diameters. Version 11.0, 2021. \href{https://www.eucast.org/fileadmin/src/media/PDFs/EUCAST_files/Breakpoint_tables/v_11.0_Breakpoint_Tables.xlsx}{(link)}
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\item EUCAST Breakpoint tables for interpretation of MICs and zone diameters. Version 12.0, 2022. \href{https://www.eucast.org/fileadmin/src/media/PDFs/EUCAST_files/Breakpoint_tables/v_12.0_Breakpoint_Tables.xlsx}{(link)}
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}
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}
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\usage{
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eucast_rules(
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x,
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col_mo = NULL,
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info = interactive(),
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rules = getOption("AMR_eucastrules", default = c("breakpoints", "expert")),
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verbose = FALSE,
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version_breakpoints = 12,
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version_expertrules = 3.3,
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ampc_cephalosporin_resistance = NA,
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only_sir_columns = FALSE,
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custom_rules = NULL,
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...
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)
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eucast_dosage(ab, administration = "iv", version_breakpoints = 12)
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}
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\arguments{
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\item{x}{a data set with antibiotic columns, such as \code{amox}, \code{AMX} and \code{AMC}}
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\item{col_mo}{column name of the names or codes of the microorganisms (see \code{\link[=as.mo]{as.mo()}}) - the default is the first column of class \code{\link{mo}}. Values will be coerced using \code{\link[=as.mo]{as.mo()}}.}
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\item{info}{a \link{logical} to indicate whether progress should be printed to the console - the default is only print while in interactive sessions}
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\item{rules}{a \link{character} vector that specifies which rules should be applied. Must be one or more of \code{"breakpoints"}, \code{"expert"}, \code{"other"}, \code{"custom"}, \code{"all"}, and defaults to \code{c("breakpoints", "expert")}. The default value can be set to another value using the \link[=AMR-options]{package option} \code{\link[=AMR-options]{AMR_eucastrules}}: \code{options(AMR_eucastrules = "all")}. If using \code{"custom"}, be sure to fill in argument \code{custom_rules} too. Custom rules can be created with \code{\link[=custom_eucast_rules]{custom_eucast_rules()}}.}
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\item{verbose}{a \link{logical} to turn Verbose mode on and off (default is off). In Verbose mode, the function does not apply rules to the data, but instead returns a data set in logbook form with extensive info about which rows and columns would be effected and in which way. Using Verbose mode takes a lot more time.}
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\item{version_breakpoints}{the version number to use for the EUCAST Clinical Breakpoints guideline. Can be "12.0", "11.0", or "10.0".}
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\item{version_expertrules}{the version number to use for the EUCAST Expert Rules and Intrinsic Resistance guideline. Can be "3.3", "3.2", or "3.1".}
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\item{ampc_cephalosporin_resistance}{a \link{character} value that should be applied to cefotaxime, ceftriaxone and ceftazidime for AmpC de-repressed cephalosporin-resistant mutants - the default is \code{NA}. Currently only works when \code{version_expertrules} is \code{3.2} and higher; these version of '\emph{EUCAST Expert Rules on Enterobacterales}' state that results of cefotaxime, ceftriaxone and ceftazidime should be reported with a note, or results should be suppressed (emptied) for these three drugs. A value of \code{NA} (the default) for this argument will remove results for these three drugs, while e.g. a value of \code{"R"} will make the results for these drugs resistant. Use \code{NULL} or \code{FALSE} to not alter results for these three drugs of AmpC de-repressed cephalosporin-resistant mutants. Using \code{TRUE} is equal to using \code{"R"}. \cr For \emph{EUCAST Expert Rules} v3.2, this rule applies to: \emph{Citrobacter braakii}, \emph{Citrobacter freundii}, \emph{Citrobacter gillenii}, \emph{Citrobacter murliniae}, \emph{Citrobacter rodenticum}, \emph{Citrobacter sedlakii}, \emph{Citrobacter werkmanii}, \emph{Citrobacter youngae}, \emph{Enterobacter}, \emph{Hafnia alvei}, \emph{Klebsiella aerogenes}, \emph{Morganella morganii}, \emph{Providencia}, and \emph{Serratia}.}
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\item{only_sir_columns}{a \link{logical} to indicate whether only antibiotic columns must be detected that were transformed to class \code{sir} (see \code{\link[=as.sir]{as.sir()}}) on beforehand (default is \code{FALSE})}
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\item{custom_rules}{custom rules to apply, created with \code{\link[=custom_eucast_rules]{custom_eucast_rules()}}}
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\item{...}{column name of an antibiotic, see section \emph{Antibiotics} below}
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\item{ab}{any (vector of) text that can be coerced to a valid antibiotic drug code with \code{\link[=as.ab]{as.ab()}}}
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\item{administration}{route of administration, either "im", "iv", or "oral"}
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}
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\value{
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The input of \code{x}, possibly with edited values of antibiotics. Or, if \code{verbose = TRUE}, a \link{data.frame} with all original and new values of the affected bug-drug combinations.
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}
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\description{
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Apply rules for clinical breakpoints and intrinsic resistance as defined by the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST, \url{https://www.eucast.org}), see \emph{Source}. Use \code{\link[=eucast_dosage]{eucast_dosage()}} to get a \link{data.frame} with advised dosages of a certain bug-drug combination, which is based on the \link{dosage} data set.
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To improve the interpretation of the antibiogram before EUCAST rules are applied, some non-EUCAST rules can applied at default, see \emph{Details}.
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}
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\details{
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\strong{Note:} This function does not translate MIC values to SIR values. Use \code{\link[=as.sir]{as.sir()}} for that. \cr
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\strong{Note:} When ampicillin (AMP, J01CA01) is not available but amoxicillin (AMX, J01CA04) is, the latter will be used for all rules where there is a dependency on ampicillin. These drugs are interchangeable when it comes to expression of antimicrobial resistance. \cr
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The file containing all EUCAST rules is located here: \url{https://github.com/msberends/AMR/blob/main/data-raw/eucast_rules.tsv}. \strong{Note:} Old taxonomic names are replaced with the current taxonomy where applicable. For example, \emph{Ochrobactrum anthropi} was renamed to \emph{Brucella anthropi} in 2020; the original EUCAST rules v3.1 and v3.2 did not yet contain this new taxonomic name. The \code{AMR} package contains the full microbial taxonomy updated until January 8th, 2024, see \link{microorganisms}.
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\subsection{Custom Rules}{
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Custom rules can be created using \code{\link[=custom_eucast_rules]{custom_eucast_rules()}}, e.g.:
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\if{html}{\out{<div class="sourceCode r">}}\preformatted{x <- custom_eucast_rules(AMC == "R" & genus == "Klebsiella" ~ aminopenicillins == "R",
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AMC == "I" & genus == "Klebsiella" ~ aminopenicillins == "I")
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eucast_rules(example_isolates, rules = "custom", custom_rules = x)
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}\if{html}{\out{</div>}}
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}
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\subsection{'Other' Rules}{
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Before further processing, two non-EUCAST rules about drug combinations can be applied to improve the efficacy of the EUCAST rules, and the reliability of your data (analysis). These rules are:
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\enumerate{
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\item A drug \strong{with} enzyme inhibitor will be set to S if the same drug \strong{without} enzyme inhibitor is S
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\item A drug \strong{without} enzyme inhibitor will be set to R if the same drug \strong{with} enzyme inhibitor is R
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}
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Important examples include amoxicillin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, and trimethoprim and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Needless to say, for these rules to work, both drugs must be available in the data set.
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Since these rules are not officially approved by EUCAST, they are not applied at default. To use these rules, include \code{"other"} to the \code{rules} argument, or use \code{eucast_rules(..., rules = "all")}. You can also set the \link[=AMR-options]{package option} \code{\link[=AMR-options]{AMR_eucastrules}}, i.e. run \code{options(AMR_eucastrules = "all")}.
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}
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}
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\section{Antibiotics}{
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To define antibiotics column names, leave as it is to determine it automatically with \code{\link[=guess_ab_col]{guess_ab_col()}} or input a text (case-insensitive), or use \code{NULL} to skip a column (e.g. \code{TIC = NULL} to skip ticarcillin). Manually defined but non-existing columns will be skipped with a warning.
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The following antibiotics are eligible for the functions \code{\link[=eucast_rules]{eucast_rules()}} and \code{\link[=mdro]{mdro()}}. These are shown below in the format 'name (\verb{antimicrobial ID}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc/structure_and_principles/}{ATC code})', sorted alphabetically:
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Amikacin (\code{AMK}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01GB06&showdescription=no}{J01GB06}), amoxicillin (\code{AMX}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01CA04&showdescription=no}{J01CA04}), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (\code{AMC}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01CR02&showdescription=no}{J01CR02}), ampicillin (\code{AMP}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01CA01&showdescription=no}{J01CA01}), ampicillin/sulbactam (\code{SAM}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01CR01&showdescription=no}{J01CR01}), apramycin (\code{APR}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atcvet/atcvet_index/?code=QA07AA92&showdescription=no}{QA07AA92}), arbekacin (\code{ARB}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01GB12&showdescription=no}{J01GB12}), aspoxicillin (\code{APX}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01CA19&showdescription=no}{J01CA19}), azidocillin (\code{AZD}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01CE04&showdescription=no}{J01CE04}), azithromycin (\code{AZM}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01FA10&showdescription=no}{J01FA10}), azlocillin (\code{AZL}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01CA09&showdescription=no}{J01CA09}), aztreonam (\code{ATM}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01DF01&showdescription=no}{J01DF01}), bacampicillin (\code{BAM}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01CA06&showdescription=no}{J01CA06}), bekanamycin (\code{BEK}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01GB13&showdescription=no}{J01GB13}), benzathine benzylpenicillin (\code{BNB}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01CE08&showdescription=no}{J01CE08}), benzathine phenoxymethylpenicillin (\code{BNP}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01CE10&showdescription=no}{J01CE10}), benzylpenicillin (\code{PEN}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01CE01&showdescription=no}{J01CE01}), besifloxacin (\code{BES}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=S01AE08&showdescription=no}{S01AE08}), biapenem (\code{BIA}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01DH05&showdescription=no}{J01DH05}), carbenicillin (\code{CRB}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01CA03&showdescription=no}{J01CA03}), carindacillin (\code{CRN}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01CA05&showdescription=no}{J01CA05}), cefacetrile (\code{CAC}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01DB10&showdescription=no}{J01DB10}), cefaclor (\code{CEC}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01DC04&showdescription=no}{J01DC04}), cefadroxil (\code{CFR}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01DB05&showdescription=no}{J01DB05}), cefalexin (\code{LEX}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01DB01&showdescription=no}{J01DB01}), cefaloridine (\code{RID}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01DB02&showdescription=no}{J01DB02}), cefalotin (\code{CEP}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01DB03&showdescription=no}{J01DB03}), cefamandole (\code{MAN}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01DC03&showdescription=no}{J01DC03}), cefapirin (\code{HAP}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01DB08&showdescription=no}{J01DB08}), cefatrizine (\code{CTZ}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01DB07&showdescription=no}{J01DB07}), cefazedone (\code{CZD}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01DB06&showdescription=no}{J01DB06}), cefazolin (\code{CZO}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01DB04&showdescription=no}{J01DB04}), cefcapene (\code{CCP}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01DD17&showdescription=no}{J01DD17}), cefdinir (\code{CDR}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01DD15&showdescription=no}{J01DD15}), cefditoren (\code{DIT}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01DD16&showdescription=no}{J01DD16}), cefepime (\code{FEP}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01DE01&showdescription=no}{J01DE01}), cefetamet (\code{CAT}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01DD10&showdescription=no}{J01DD10}), cefixime (\code{CFM}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01DD08&showdescription=no}{J01DD08}), cefmenoxime (\code{CMX}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01DD05&showdescription=no}{J01DD05}), cefmetazole (\code{CMZ}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01DC09&showdescription=no}{J01DC09}), cefodizime (\code{DIZ}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01DD09&showdescription=no}{J01DD09}), cefonicid (\code{CID}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01DC06&showdescription=no}{J01DC06}), cefoperazone (\code{CFP}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01DD12&showdescription=no}{J01DD12}), cefoperazone/sulbactam (\code{CSL}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01DD62&showdescription=no}{J01DD62}), ceforanide (\code{CND}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01DC11&showdescription=no}{J01DC11}), cefotaxime (\code{CTX}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01DD01&showdescription=no}{J01DD01}), cefotaxime/clavulanic acid (\code{CTC}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01DD51&showdescription=no}{J01DD51}), cefotetan (\code{CTT}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01DC05&showdescription=no}{J01DC05}), cefotiam (\code{CTF}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01DC07&showdescription=no}{J01DC07}), cefovecin (\code{FOV}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atcvet/atcvet_index/?code=QJ01DD91&showdescription=no}{QJ01DD91}), cefoxitin (\code{FOX}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01DC01&showdescription=no}{J01DC01}), cefozopran (\code{ZOP}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01DE03&showdescription=no}{J01DE03}), cefpiramide (\code{CPM}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01DD11&showdescription=no}{J01DD11}), cefpirome (\code{CPO}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01DE02&showdescription=no}{J01DE02}), cefpodoxime (\code{CPD}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01DD13&showdescription=no}{J01DD13}), cefprozil (\code{CPR}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01DC10&showdescription=no}{J01DC10}), cefquinome (\code{CEQ}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atcvet/atcvet_index/?code=QG51AA07&showdescription=no}{QG51AA07}), cefroxadine (\code{CRD}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01DB11&showdescription=no}{J01DB11}), cefsulodin (\code{CFS}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01DD03&showdescription=no}{J01DD03}), ceftaroline (\code{CPT}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01DI02&showdescription=no}{J01DI02}), ceftazidime (\code{CAZ}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01DD02&showdescription=no}{J01DD02}), ceftazidime/clavulanic acid (\code{CCV}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01DD52&showdescription=no}{J01DD52}), cefteram (\code{CEM}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01DD18&showdescription=no}{J01DD18}), ceftezole (\code{CTL}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01DB12&showdescription=no}{J01DB12}), ceftibuten (\code{CTB}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01DD14&showdescription=no}{J01DD14}), ceftiofur (\code{TIO}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atcvet/atcvet_index/?code=QJ01DD90&showdescription=no}{QJ01DD90}), ceftizoxime (\code{CZX}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01DD07&showdescription=no}{J01DD07}), ceftobiprole medocaril (\code{CFM1}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01DI01&showdescription=no}{J01DI01}), ceftolozane/tazobactam (\code{CZT}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01DI54&showdescription=no}{J01DI54}), ceftriaxone (\code{CRO}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01DD04&showdescription=no}{J01DD04}), ceftriaxone/beta-lactamase inhibitor (\code{CEB}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01DD63&showdescription=no}{J01DD63}), cefuroxime (\code{CXM}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01DC02&showdescription=no}{J01DC02}), cephradine (\code{CED}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01DB09&showdescription=no}{J01DB09}), chloramphenicol (\code{CHL}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01BA01&showdescription=no}{J01BA01}), ciprofloxacin (\code{CIP}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01MA02&showdescription=no}{J01MA02}), clarithromycin (\code{CLR}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01FA09&showdescription=no}{J01FA09}), clindamycin (\code{CLI}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01FF01&showdescription=no}{J01FF01}), clometocillin (\code{CLM}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01CE07&showdescription=no}{J01CE07}), cloxacillin (\code{CLO}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01CF02&showdescription=no}{J01CF02}), colistin (\code{COL}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01XB01&showdescription=no}{J01XB01}), cycloserine (\code{CYC}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J04AB01&showdescription=no}{J04AB01}), dalbavancin (\code{DAL}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01XA04&showdescription=no}{J01XA04}), danofloxacin (\code{DAN}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atcvet/atcvet_index/?code=QJ01MA92&showdescription=no}{QJ01MA92}), daptomycin (\code{DAP}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01XX09&showdescription=no}{J01XX09}), delafloxacin (\code{DFX}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01MA23&showdescription=no}{J01MA23}), dibekacin (\code{DKB}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01GB09&showdescription=no}{J01GB09}), dicloxacillin (\code{DIC}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01CF01&showdescription=no}{J01CF01}), difloxacin (\code{DIF}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atcvet/atcvet_index/?code=QJ01MA94&showdescription=no}{QJ01MA94}), dirithromycin (\code{DIR}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01FA13&showdescription=no}{J01FA13}), doripenem (\code{DOR}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01DH04&showdescription=no}{J01DH04}), doxycycline (\code{DOX}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01AA02&showdescription=no}{J01AA02}), enoxacin (\code{ENX}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01MA04&showdescription=no}{J01MA04}), enrofloxacin (\code{ENR}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atcvet/atcvet_index/?code=QJ01MA90&showdescription=no}{QJ01MA90}), epicillin (\code{EPC}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01CA07&showdescription=no}{J01CA07}), ertapenem (\code{ETP}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01DH03&showdescription=no}{J01DH03}), erythromycin (\code{ERY}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01FA01&showdescription=no}{J01FA01}), fleroxacin (\code{FLE}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01MA08&showdescription=no}{J01MA08}), flucloxacillin (\code{FLC}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01CF05&showdescription=no}{J01CF05}), flurithromycin (\code{FLR1}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01FA14&showdescription=no}{J01FA14}), fosfomycin (\code{FOS}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01XX01&showdescription=no}{J01XX01}), framycetin (\code{FRM}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=D09AA01&showdescription=no}{D09AA01}), fusidic acid (\code{FUS}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01XC01&showdescription=no}{J01XC01}), gamithromycin (\code{GAM}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atcvet/atcvet_index/?code=QJ01FA95&showdescription=no}{QJ01FA95}), garenoxacin (\code{GRN}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01MA19&showdescription=no}{J01MA19}), gatifloxacin (\code{GAT}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01MA16&showdescription=no}{J01MA16}), gemifloxacin (\code{GEM}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01MA15&showdescription=no}{J01MA15}), gentamicin (\code{GEN}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01GB03&showdescription=no}{J01GB03}), grepafloxacin (\code{GRX}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01MA11&showdescription=no}{J01MA11}), hetacillin (\code{HET}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01CA18&showdescription=no}{J01CA18}), imipenem (\code{IPM}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01DH51&showdescription=no}{J01DH51}), imipenem/relebactam (\code{IMR}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01DH56&showdescription=no}{J01DH56}), isepamicin (\code{ISE}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01GB11&showdescription=no}{J01GB11}), josamycin (\code{JOS}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01FA07&showdescription=no}{J01FA07}), kanamycin (\code{KAN}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01GB04&showdescription=no}{J01GB04}), kitasamycin (\code{KIT}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atcvet/atcvet_index/?code=QJ01FA93&showdescription=no}{QJ01FA93}), lascufloxacin (\code{LSC}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01MA25&showdescription=no}{J01MA25}), latamoxef (\code{LTM}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01DD06&showdescription=no}{J01DD06}), levofloxacin (\code{LVX}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01MA12&showdescription=no}{J01MA12}), levonadifloxacin (\code{LND}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01MA24&showdescription=no}{J01MA24}), lincomycin (\code{LIN}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01FF02&showdescription=no}{J01FF02}), linezolid (\code{LNZ}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01XX08&showdescription=no}{J01XX08}), lomefloxacin (\code{LOM}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01MA07&showdescription=no}{J01MA07}), loracarbef (\code{LOR}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01DC08&showdescription=no}{J01DC08}), marbofloxacin (\code{MAR}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atcvet/atcvet_index/?code=QJ01MA93&showdescription=no}{QJ01MA93}), mecillinam (\code{MEC}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01CA11&showdescription=no}{J01CA11}), meropenem (\code{MEM}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01DH02&showdescription=no}{J01DH02}), meropenem/vaborbactam (\code{MEV}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01DH52&showdescription=no}{J01DH52}), metampicillin (\code{MTM}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01CA14&showdescription=no}{J01CA14}), meticillin (\code{MET}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01CF03&showdescription=no}{J01CF03}), mezlocillin (\code{MEZ}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01CA10&showdescription=no}{J01CA10}), micronomicin (\code{MCR}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=S01AA22&showdescription=no}{S01AA22}), midecamycin (\code{MID}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01FA03&showdescription=no}{J01FA03}), minocycline (\code{MNO}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01AA08&showdescription=no}{J01AA08}), miocamycin (\code{MCM}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01FA11&showdescription=no}{J01FA11}), moxifloxacin (\code{MFX}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01MA14&showdescription=no}{J01MA14}), nadifloxacin (\code{NAD}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=D10AF05&showdescription=no}{D10AF05}), nafcillin (\code{NAF}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01CF06&showdescription=no}{J01CF06}), nalidixic acid (\code{NAL}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01MB02&showdescription=no}{J01MB02}), neomycin (\code{NEO}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01GB05&showdescription=no}{J01GB05}), netilmicin (\code{NET}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01GB07&showdescription=no}{J01GB07}), nitrofurantoin (\code{NIT}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01XE01&showdescription=no}{J01XE01}), norfloxacin (\code{NOR}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01MA06&showdescription=no}{J01MA06}), novobiocin (\code{NOV}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atcvet/atcvet_index/?code=QJ01XX95&showdescription=no}{QJ01XX95}), ofloxacin (\code{OFX}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01MA01&showdescription=no}{J01MA01}), oleandomycin (\code{OLE}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01FA05&showdescription=no}{J01FA05}), orbifloxacin (\code{ORB}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atcvet/atcvet_index/?code=QJ01MA95&showdescription=no}{QJ01MA95}), oritavancin (\code{ORI}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01XA05&showdescription=no}{J01XA05}), oxacillin (\code{OXA}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01CF04&showdescription=no}{J01CF04}), panipenem (\code{PAN}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01DH55&showdescription=no}{J01DH55}), pazufloxacin (\code{PAZ}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01MA18&showdescription=no}{J01MA18}), pefloxacin (\code{PEF}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01MA03&showdescription=no}{J01MA03}), penamecillin (\code{PNM}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01CE06&showdescription=no}{J01CE06}), pheneticillin (\code{PHE}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01CE05&showdescription=no}{J01CE05}), phenoxymethylpenicillin (\code{PHN}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01CE02&showdescription=no}{J01CE02}), piperacillin (\code{PIP}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01CA12&showdescription=no}{J01CA12}), piperacillin/tazobactam (\code{TZP}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01CR05&showdescription=no}{J01CR05}), pirlimycin (\code{PRL}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atcvet/atcvet_index/?code=QJ51FF90&showdescription=no}{QJ51FF90}), pivampicillin (\code{PVM}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01CA02&showdescription=no}{J01CA02}), pivmecillinam (\code{PME}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01CA08&showdescription=no}{J01CA08}), plazomicin (\code{PLZ}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01GB14&showdescription=no}{J01GB14}), polymyxin B (\code{PLB}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01XB02&showdescription=no}{J01XB02}), pradofloxacin (\code{PRA}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atcvet/atcvet_index/?code=QJ01MA97&showdescription=no}{QJ01MA97}), pristinamycin (\code{PRI}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01FG01&showdescription=no}{J01FG01}), procaine benzylpenicillin (\code{PRB}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01CE09&showdescription=no}{J01CE09}), propicillin (\code{PRP}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01CE03&showdescription=no}{J01CE03}), prulifloxacin (\code{PRU}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01MA17&showdescription=no}{J01MA17}), quinupristin/dalfopristin (\code{QDA}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atcvet/atcvet_index/?code=QJ01FG02&showdescription=no}{QJ01FG02}), ribostamycin (\code{RST}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01GB10&showdescription=no}{J01GB10}), rifampicin (\code{RIF}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J04AB02&showdescription=no}{J04AB02}), rokitamycin (\code{ROK}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01FA12&showdescription=no}{J01FA12}), roxithromycin (\code{RXT}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01FA06&showdescription=no}{J01FA06}), rufloxacin (\code{RFL}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01MA10&showdescription=no}{J01MA10}), sarafloxacin (\code{SAR}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atcvet/atcvet_index/?code=QJ01MA98&showdescription=no}{QJ01MA98}), sisomicin (\code{SIS}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01GB08&showdescription=no}{J01GB08}), sitafloxacin (\code{SIT}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01MA21&showdescription=no}{J01MA21}), solithromycin (\code{SOL}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01FA16&showdescription=no}{J01FA16}), sparfloxacin (\code{SPX}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01MA09&showdescription=no}{J01MA09}), spiramycin (\code{SPI}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01FA02&showdescription=no}{J01FA02}), streptoduocin (\code{STR}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01GA02&showdescription=no}{J01GA02}), streptomycin (\code{STR1}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01GA01&showdescription=no}{J01GA01}), sulbactam (\code{SUL}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01CG01&showdescription=no}{J01CG01}), sulbenicillin (\code{SBC}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01CA16&showdescription=no}{J01CA16}), sulfadiazine (\code{SDI}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01EC02&showdescription=no}{J01EC02}), sulfadiazine/trimethoprim (\code{SLT1}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01EE02&showdescription=no}{J01EE02}), sulfadimethoxine (\code{SUD}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01ED01&showdescription=no}{J01ED01}), sulfadimidine (\code{SDM}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01EB03&showdescription=no}{J01EB03}), sulfadimidine/trimethoprim (\code{SLT2}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01EE05&showdescription=no}{J01EE05}), sulfafurazole (\code{SLF}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01EB05&showdescription=no}{J01EB05}), sulfaisodimidine (\code{SLF1}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01EB01&showdescription=no}{J01EB01}), sulfalene (\code{SLF2}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01ED02&showdescription=no}{J01ED02}), sulfamazone (\code{SZO}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01ED09&showdescription=no}{J01ED09}), sulfamerazine (\code{SLF3}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01ED07&showdescription=no}{J01ED07}), sulfamerazine/trimethoprim (\code{SLT3}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01EE07&showdescription=no}{J01EE07}), sulfamethizole (\code{SLF4}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01EB02&showdescription=no}{J01EB02}), sulfamethoxazole (\code{SMX}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01EC01&showdescription=no}{J01EC01}), sulfamethoxypyridazine (\code{SLF5}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01ED05&showdescription=no}{J01ED05}), sulfametomidine (\code{SLF6}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01ED03&showdescription=no}{J01ED03}), sulfametoxydiazine (\code{SLF7}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01ED04&showdescription=no}{J01ED04}), sulfametrole/trimethoprim (\code{SLT4}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01EE03&showdescription=no}{J01EE03}), sulfamoxole (\code{SLF8}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01EC03&showdescription=no}{J01EC03}), sulfamoxole/trimethoprim (\code{SLT5}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01EE04&showdescription=no}{J01EE04}), sulfanilamide (\code{SLF9}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01EB06&showdescription=no}{J01EB06}), sulfaperin (\code{SLF10}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01ED06&showdescription=no}{J01ED06}), sulfaphenazole (\code{SLF11}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01ED08&showdescription=no}{J01ED08}), sulfapyridine (\code{SLF12}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01EB04&showdescription=no}{J01EB04}), sulfathiazole (\code{SUT}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01EB07&showdescription=no}{J01EB07}), sulfathiourea (\code{SLF13}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01EB08&showdescription=no}{J01EB08}), sultamicillin (\code{SLT6}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01CR04&showdescription=no}{J01CR04}), talampicillin (\code{TAL}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01CA15&showdescription=no}{J01CA15}), tazobactam (\code{TAZ}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01CG02&showdescription=no}{J01CG02}), tebipenem (\code{TBP}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01DH06&showdescription=no}{J01DH06}), tedizolid (\code{TZD}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01XX11&showdescription=no}{J01XX11}), teicoplanin (\code{TEC}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01XA02&showdescription=no}{J01XA02}), telavancin (\code{TLV}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01XA03&showdescription=no}{J01XA03}), telithromycin (\code{TLT}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01FA15&showdescription=no}{J01FA15}), temafloxacin (\code{TMX}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01MA05&showdescription=no}{J01MA05}), temocillin (\code{TEM}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01CA17&showdescription=no}{J01CA17}), tetracycline (\code{TCY}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01AA07&showdescription=no}{J01AA07}), ticarcillin (\code{TIC}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01CA13&showdescription=no}{J01CA13}), ticarcillin/clavulanic acid (\code{TCC}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01CR03&showdescription=no}{J01CR03}), tigecycline (\code{TGC}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01AA12&showdescription=no}{J01AA12}), tilbroquinol (\code{TBQ}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=P01AA05&showdescription=no}{P01AA05}), tildipirosin (\code{TIP}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atcvet/atcvet_index/?code=QJ01FA96&showdescription=no}{QJ01FA96}), tilmicosin (\code{TIL}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atcvet/atcvet_index/?code=QJ01FA91&showdescription=no}{QJ01FA91}), tobramycin (\code{TOB}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01GB01&showdescription=no}{J01GB01}), tosufloxacin (\code{TFX}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01MA22&showdescription=no}{J01MA22}), trimethoprim (\code{TMP}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01EA01&showdescription=no}{J01EA01}), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (\code{SXT}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01EE01&showdescription=no}{J01EE01}), troleandomycin (\code{TRL}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01FA08&showdescription=no}{J01FA08}), trovafloxacin (\code{TVA}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01MA13&showdescription=no}{J01MA13}), tulathromycin (\code{TUL}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atcvet/atcvet_index/?code=QJ01FA94&showdescription=no}{QJ01FA94}), tylosin (\code{TYL}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atcvet/atcvet_index/?code=QJ01FA90&showdescription=no}{QJ01FA90}), tylvalosin (\code{TYL1}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atcvet/atcvet_index/?code=QJ01FA92&showdescription=no}{QJ01FA92}), vancomycin (\code{VAN}, \href{https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01XA01&showdescription=no}{J01XA01})
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}
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\section{Reference Data Publicly Available}{
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All data sets in this \code{AMR} package (about microorganisms, antibiotics, SIR interpretation, EUCAST rules, etc.) are publicly and freely available for download in the following formats: R, MS Excel, Apache Feather, Apache Parquet, SPSS, SAS, and Stata. We also provide tab-separated plain text files that are machine-readable and suitable for input in any software program, such as laboratory information systems. Please visit \href{https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/datasets.html}{our website for the download links}. The actual files are of course available on \href{https://github.com/msberends/AMR/tree/main/data-raw}{our GitHub repository}.
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}
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\examples{
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\donttest{
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a <- data.frame(
|
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mo = c(
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"Staphylococcus aureus",
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"Enterococcus faecalis",
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"Escherichia coli",
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"Klebsiella pneumoniae",
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|
"Pseudomonas aeruginosa"
|
|
),
|
|
VAN = "-", # Vancomycin
|
|
AMX = "-", # Amoxicillin
|
|
COL = "-", # Colistin
|
|
CAZ = "-", # Ceftazidime
|
|
CXM = "-", # Cefuroxime
|
|
PEN = "S", # Benzylpenicillin
|
|
FOX = "S", # Cefoxitin
|
|
stringsAsFactors = FALSE
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
head(a)
|
|
|
|
|
|
# apply EUCAST rules: some results wil be changed
|
|
b <- eucast_rules(a)
|
|
|
|
head(b)
|
|
|
|
|
|
# do not apply EUCAST rules, but rather get a data.frame
|
|
# containing all details about the transformations:
|
|
c <- eucast_rules(a, verbose = TRUE)
|
|
head(c)
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
# Dosage guidelines:
|
|
|
|
eucast_dosage(c("tobra", "genta", "cipro"), "iv")
|
|
|
|
eucast_dosage(c("tobra", "genta", "cipro"), "iv", version_breakpoints = 10)
|
|
}
|