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AMR/R/sir_calc.R

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# ==================================================================== #
# TITLE #
# AMR: An R Package for Working with Antimicrobial Resistance Data #
# #
# SOURCE #
# https://github.com/msberends/AMR #
# #
# CITE AS #
# Berends MS, Luz CF, Friedrich AW, Sinha BNM, Albers CJ, Glasner C #
# (2022). AMR: An R Package for Working with Antimicrobial Resistance #
# Data. Journal of Statistical Software, 104(3), 1-31. #
# doi:10.18637/jss.v104.i03 #
# #
# Developed at the University of Groningen and the University Medical #
# Center Groningen in The Netherlands, in collaboration with many #
# colleagues from around the world, see our website. #
# #
# This R package is free software; you can freely use and distribute #
# it for both personal and commercial purposes under the terms of the #
# GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GNU GPL-2), as published by #
# the Free Software Foundation. #
# We created this package for both routine data analysis and academic #
# research and it was publicly released in the hope that it will be #
# useful, but it comes WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OR LIABILITY. #
# #
# Visit our website for the full manual and a complete tutorial about #
# how to conduct AMR data analysis: https://msberends.github.io/AMR/ #
# ==================================================================== #
dots2vars <- function(...) {
# this function is to give more informative output about
# variable names in count_* and proportion_* functions
dots <- substitute(list(...))
dots <- as.character(dots)[2:length(dots)]
paste0(dots[dots != "."], collapse = "+")
}
sir_calc <- function(...,
ab_result,
minimum = 0,
as_percent = FALSE,
only_all_tested = FALSE,
only_count = FALSE) {
meet_criteria(ab_result, allow_class = c("character", "numeric", "integer"), has_length = c(1, 2, 3))
meet_criteria(minimum, allow_class = c("numeric", "integer"), has_length = 1, is_positive_or_zero = TRUE, is_finite = TRUE)
meet_criteria(as_percent, allow_class = "logical", has_length = 1)
meet_criteria(only_all_tested, allow_class = "logical", has_length = 1)
meet_criteria(only_count, allow_class = "logical", has_length = 1)
data_vars <- dots2vars(...)
dots_df <- switch(1,
...
)
if (is.data.frame(dots_df)) {
# make sure to remove all other classes like tibbles, data.tables, etc
dots_df <- as.data.frame(dots_df, stringsAsFactors = FALSE)
}
dots <- eval(substitute(alist(...)))
stop_if(length(dots) == 0, "no variables selected", call = -2)
stop_if("also_single_tested" %in% names(dots),
"`also_single_tested` was replaced by `only_all_tested`.\n",
"Please read Details in the help page (`?proportion`) as this may have a considerable impact on your analysis.",
call = -2
)
ndots <- length(dots)
if (is.data.frame(dots_df)) {
# data.frame passed with other columns, like: example_isolates %pm>% proportion_S(AMC, GEN)
dots <- as.character(dots)
# remove first element, it's the data.frame
if (length(dots) == 1) {
dots <- character(0)
} else {
dots <- dots[2:length(dots)]
}
if (length(dots) == 0 || all(dots == "df")) {
# for complete data.frames, like example_isolates %pm>% select(AMC, GEN) %pm>% proportion_S()
# and the old sir function, which has "df" as name of the first argument
x <- dots_df
} else {
# get dots that are in column names already, and the ones that will be once evaluated using dots_df or global env
# this is to support susceptibility(example_isolates, AMC, any_of(some_vector_with_AB_names))
dots <- c(
dots[dots %in% colnames(dots_df)],
eval(parse(text = dots[!dots %in% colnames(dots_df)]), envir = dots_df, enclos = globalenv())
)
dots_not_exist <- dots[!dots %in% colnames(dots_df)]
stop_if(length(dots_not_exist) > 0, "column(s) not found: ", vector_and(dots_not_exist, quotes = TRUE), call = -2)
x <- dots_df[, dots, drop = FALSE]
}
} else if (ndots == 1) {
# only 1 variable passed (can also be data.frame), like: proportion_S(example_isolates$AMC) and example_isolates$AMC %pm>% proportion_S()
x <- dots_df
} else {
# multiple variables passed without pipe, like: proportion_S(example_isolates$AMC, example_isolates$GEN)
x <- NULL
try(x <- as.data.frame(dots, stringsAsFactors = FALSE), silent = TRUE)
if (is.null(x)) {
# support for example_isolates %pm>% group_by(ward) %pm>% summarise(amox = susceptibility(GEN, AMX))
x <- as.data.frame(list(...), stringsAsFactors = FALSE)
}
}
if (is.null(x)) {
warning_("argument is NULL (check if columns exist): returning NA")
if (as_percent == TRUE) {
return(NA_character_)
} else {
return(NA_real_)
}
}
print_warning <- FALSE
ab_result <- as.sir(ab_result)
if (is.data.frame(x)) {
sir_integrity_check <- character(0)
for (i in seq_len(ncol(x))) {
# check integrity of columns: force 'sir' class
if (!is.sir(x[, i, drop = TRUE])) {
sir_integrity_check <- c(sir_integrity_check, as.character(x[, i, drop = TRUE]))
x[, i] <- suppressWarnings(as.sir(x[, i, drop = TRUE])) # warning will be given later
print_warning <- TRUE
}
}
if (length(sir_integrity_check) > 0) {
# this will give a warning for invalid results, of all input columns (so only 1 warning)
sir_integrity_check <- as.sir(sir_integrity_check)
}
x_transposed <- as.list(as.data.frame(t(x), stringsAsFactors = FALSE))
if (isTRUE(only_all_tested)) {
# no NAs in any column
y <- apply(
X = as.data.frame(lapply(x, as.integer), stringsAsFactors = FALSE),
MARGIN = 1,
FUN = min
)
numerator <- sum(as.integer(y) %in% as.integer(ab_result), na.rm = TRUE)
denominator <- sum(vapply(FUN.VALUE = logical(1), x_transposed, function(y) !(anyNA(y))))
} else {
# may contain NAs in any column
other_values <- setdiff(c(NA, levels(ab_result)), ab_result)
numerator <- sum(vapply(FUN.VALUE = logical(1), x_transposed, function(y) any(y %in% ab_result, na.rm = TRUE)))
denominator <- sum(vapply(FUN.VALUE = logical(1), x_transposed, function(y) !(all(y %in% other_values) & anyNA(y))))
}
} else {
# x is not a data.frame
if (!is.sir(x)) {
x <- as.sir(x)
print_warning <- TRUE
}
numerator <- sum(x %in% ab_result, na.rm = TRUE)
denominator <- sum(x %in% levels(ab_result), na.rm = TRUE)
}
if (print_warning == TRUE) {
if (message_not_thrown_before("sir_calc")) {
warning_("Increase speed by transforming to class 'sir' on beforehand:\n",
" your_data %>% mutate_if(is_sir_eligible, as.sir)",
call = FALSE
)
}
}
if (only_count == TRUE) {
return(numerator)
}
if (denominator < minimum) {
if (data_vars != "") {
data_vars <- paste(" for", data_vars)
# also add group name if used in dplyr::group_by()
cur_group <- import_fn("cur_group", "dplyr", error_on_fail = FALSE)
if (!is.null(cur_group)) {
group_df <- tryCatch(cur_group(), error = function(e) data.frame())
if (NCOL(group_df) > 0) {
# transform factors to characters
group <- vapply(FUN.VALUE = character(1), group_df, function(x) {
if (is.numeric(x)) {
format(x)
} else if (is.logical(x)) {
as.character(x)
} else {
paste0('"', x, '"')
}
})
data_vars <- paste0(data_vars, " in group: ", paste0(names(group), " = ", group, collapse = ", "))
}
}
}
warning_("Introducing NA: ",
ifelse(denominator == 0, "no", paste("only", denominator)),
" results available",
data_vars,
" (`minimum` = ", minimum, ").",
call = FALSE
)
fraction <- NA_real_
} else {
fraction <- numerator / denominator
fraction[is.nan(fraction)] <- NA_real_
}
if (as_percent == TRUE) {
percentage(fraction, digits = 1)
} else {
fraction
}
}
sir_calc_df <- function(type, # "proportion", "count" or "both"
data,
translate_ab = "name",
language = get_AMR_locale(),
minimum = 30,
as_percent = FALSE,
combine_SI = TRUE,
confidence_level = 0.95) {
meet_criteria(type, is_in = c("proportion", "count", "both"), has_length = 1)
meet_criteria(data, allow_class = "data.frame", contains_column_class = c("sir", "rsi"))
meet_criteria(translate_ab, allow_class = c("character", "logical"), has_length = 1, allow_NA = TRUE)
language <- validate_language(language)
meet_criteria(minimum, allow_class = c("numeric", "integer"), has_length = 1, is_positive_or_zero = TRUE, is_finite = TRUE)
meet_criteria(as_percent, allow_class = "logical", has_length = 1)
meet_criteria(combine_SI, allow_class = "logical", has_length = 1)
meet_criteria(confidence_level, allow_class = "numeric", has_length = 1)
translate_ab <- get_translate_ab(translate_ab)
data.bak <- data
# select only groups and antibiotics
if (is_null_or_grouped_tbl(data)) {
data_has_groups <- TRUE
groups <- get_group_names(data)
data <- data[, c(groups, colnames(data)[vapply(FUN.VALUE = logical(1), data, is.sir)]), drop = FALSE]
} else {
data_has_groups <- FALSE
data <- data[, colnames(data)[vapply(FUN.VALUE = logical(1), data, is.sir)], drop = FALSE]
}
data <- as.data.frame(data, stringsAsFactors = FALSE)
if (isTRUE(combine_SI)) {
for (i in seq_len(ncol(data))) {
if (is.sir(data[, i, drop = TRUE])) {
data[, i] <- as.character(data[, i, drop = TRUE])
data[, i] <- gsub("(I|S)", "SI", data[, i, drop = TRUE])
}
}
}
sum_it <- function(.data) {
out <- data.frame(
antibiotic = character(0),
interpretation = character(0),
value = double(0),
ci_min = double(0),
ci_max = double(0),
isolates = integer(0),
stringsAsFactors = FALSE
)
if (data_has_groups) {
group_values <- unique(.data[, which(colnames(.data) %in% groups), drop = FALSE])
rownames(group_values) <- NULL
.data <- .data[, which(!colnames(.data) %in% groups), drop = FALSE]
}
for (i in seq_len(ncol(.data))) {
values <- .data[, i, drop = TRUE]
if (isTRUE(combine_SI)) {
values <- factor(values, levels = c("SI", "R"), ordered = TRUE)
} else {
values <- factor(values, levels = c("S", "I", "R"), ordered = TRUE)
}
col_results <- as.data.frame(as.matrix(table(values)), stringsAsFactors = FALSE)
col_results$interpretation <- rownames(col_results)
col_results$isolates <- col_results[, 1, drop = TRUE]
if (NROW(col_results) > 0 && sum(col_results$isolates, na.rm = TRUE) > 0) {
if (sum(col_results$isolates, na.rm = TRUE) >= minimum) {
col_results$value <- col_results$isolates / sum(col_results$isolates, na.rm = TRUE)
ci <- lapply(
col_results$isolates,
function(x) {
stats::binom.test(
x = x,
n = sum(col_results$isolates, na.rm = TRUE),
conf.level = confidence_level
)$conf.int
}
)
col_results$ci_min <- vapply(FUN.VALUE = double(1), ci, `[`, 1)
col_results$ci_max <- vapply(FUN.VALUE = double(1), ci, `[`, 2)
} else {
col_results$value <- rep(NA_real_, NROW(col_results))
# confidence intervals also to NA
col_results$ci_min <- col_results$value
col_results$ci_max <- col_results$value
}
out_new <- data.frame(
antibiotic = ifelse(isFALSE(translate_ab),
colnames(.data)[i],
ab_property(colnames(.data)[i], property = translate_ab, language = language)
),
interpretation = col_results$interpretation,
value = col_results$value,
ci_min = col_results$ci_min,
ci_max = col_results$ci_max,
isolates = col_results$isolates,
stringsAsFactors = FALSE
)
if (data_has_groups) {
if (nrow(group_values) < nrow(out_new)) {
# repeat group_values for the number of rows in out_new
repeated <- rep(seq_len(nrow(group_values)),
each = nrow(out_new) / nrow(group_values)
)
group_values <- group_values[repeated, , drop = FALSE]
}
out_new <- cbind(group_values, out_new)
}
out <- rbind_AMR(out, out_new)
}
}
out
}
# based on pm_apply_grouped_function
apply_group <- function(.data, fn, groups, drop = FALSE, ...) {
grouped <- pm_split_into_groups(.data, groups, drop)
res <- do.call(rbind_AMR, unname(lapply(grouped, fn, ...)))
if (any(groups %in% colnames(res))) {
class(res) <- c("grouped_data", class(res))
res <- pm_set_groups(res, groups[groups %in% colnames(res)])
}
res
}
if (data_has_groups) {
out <- apply_group(data, "sum_it", groups)
} else {
out <- sum_it(data)
}
# apply factors for right sorting in interpretation
if (isTRUE(combine_SI)) {
out$interpretation <- factor(out$interpretation, levels = c("SI", "R"), ordered = TRUE)
} else {
# don't use as.sir() here, as it would add the class 'sir' and we would like
# the same data structure as output, regardless of input
out$interpretation <- factor(out$interpretation, levels = c("S", "I", "R"), ordered = TRUE)
}
if (data_has_groups) {
# ordering by the groups and two more: "antibiotic" and "interpretation"
out <- pm_ungroup(out[do.call("order", out[, seq_len(length(groups) + 2), drop = FALSE]), , drop = FALSE])
} else {
out <- out[order(out$antibiotic, out$interpretation), , drop = FALSE]
}
if (type == "proportion") {
# remove number of isolates
out <- subset(out, select = -c(isolates))
} else if (type == "count") {
# set value to be number of isolates
out$value <- out$isolates
# remove redundant columns
out <- subset(out, select = -c(ci_min, ci_max, isolates))
}
rownames(out) <- NULL
out <- as_original_data_class(out, class(data.bak)) # will remove tibble groups
structure(out, class = c("sir_df", "rsi_df", class(out)))
}
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