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<meta property="og:description" content="These functions can be used to calculate the (co-)resistance of microbial isolates (i.e. percentage S, SI, I, IR or R). All functions support quasiquotation with pipes, can be used in dplyrs summarise and support grouped variables, see Examples.
portion_R and portion_IR can be used to calculate resistance, portion_S and portion_SI can be used to calculate susceptibility." />
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<h1>Calculate resistance of isolates</h1>
<div class="hidden name"><code>portion.Rd</code></div>
</div>
<div class="ref-description">
<p>These functions can be used to calculate the (co-)resistance of microbial isolates (i.e. percentage S, SI, I, IR or R). All functions support quasiquotation with pipes, can be used in <code>dplyr</code>s <code><a href='https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/summarise.html'>summarise</a></code> and support grouped variables, see <em>Examples</em>.</p>
<p><code>portion_R</code> and <code>portion_IR</code> can be used to calculate resistance, <code>portion_S</code> and <code>portion_SI</code> can be used to calculate susceptibility.<br /></p>
</div>
<pre class="usage"><span class='fu'>portion_R</span>(<span class='no'>...</span>, <span class='kw'>minimum</span> <span class='kw'>=</span> <span class='fl'>30</span>, <span class='kw'>as_percent</span> <span class='kw'>=</span> <span class='fl'>FALSE</span>,
<span class='kw'>also_single_tested</span> <span class='kw'>=</span> <span class='fl'>FALSE</span>)
<span class='fu'>portion_IR</span>(<span class='no'>...</span>, <span class='kw'>minimum</span> <span class='kw'>=</span> <span class='fl'>30</span>, <span class='kw'>as_percent</span> <span class='kw'>=</span> <span class='fl'>FALSE</span>,
<span class='kw'>also_single_tested</span> <span class='kw'>=</span> <span class='fl'>FALSE</span>)
<span class='fu'>portion_I</span>(<span class='no'>...</span>, <span class='kw'>minimum</span> <span class='kw'>=</span> <span class='fl'>30</span>, <span class='kw'>as_percent</span> <span class='kw'>=</span> <span class='fl'>FALSE</span>,
<span class='kw'>also_single_tested</span> <span class='kw'>=</span> <span class='fl'>FALSE</span>)
<span class='fu'>portion_SI</span>(<span class='no'>...</span>, <span class='kw'>minimum</span> <span class='kw'>=</span> <span class='fl'>30</span>, <span class='kw'>as_percent</span> <span class='kw'>=</span> <span class='fl'>FALSE</span>,
<span class='kw'>also_single_tested</span> <span class='kw'>=</span> <span class='fl'>FALSE</span>)
<span class='fu'>portion_S</span>(<span class='no'>...</span>, <span class='kw'>minimum</span> <span class='kw'>=</span> <span class='fl'>30</span>, <span class='kw'>as_percent</span> <span class='kw'>=</span> <span class='fl'>FALSE</span>,
<span class='kw'>also_single_tested</span> <span class='kw'>=</span> <span class='fl'>FALSE</span>)
<span class='fu'>portion_df</span>(<span class='no'>data</span>, <span class='kw'>translate_ab</span> <span class='kw'>=</span> <span class='fu'><a href='https://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/base/topics/options'>getOption</a></span>(<span class='st'>"get_antibiotic_names"</span>,
<span class='st'>"official"</span>), <span class='kw'>minimum</span> <span class='kw'>=</span> <span class='fl'>30</span>, <span class='kw'>as_percent</span> <span class='kw'>=</span> <span class='fl'>FALSE</span>, <span class='kw'>combine_IR</span> <span class='kw'>=</span> <span class='fl'>FALSE</span>)</pre>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="arguments"><a class="anchor" href="#arguments"></a>Arguments</h2>
<table class="ref-arguments">
<colgroup><col class="name" /><col class="desc" /></colgroup>
<tr>
<th>...</th>
<td><p>one or more vectors (or columns) with antibiotic interpretations. They will be transformed internally with <code><a href='as.rsi.html'>as.rsi</a></code> if needed. Use multiple columns to calculate (the lack of) co-resistance: the probability where one of two drugs have a resistant or susceptible result. See Examples.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>minimum</th>
<td><p>the minimal amount of available isolates. Any number lower than <code>minimum</code> will return <code>NA</code> with a warning. The default number of <code>30</code> isolates is advised by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) as best practice, see Source.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>as_percent</th>
<td><p>a logical to indicate whether the output must be returned as a hundred fold with % sign (a character). A value of <code>0.123456</code> will then be returned as <code>"12.3%"</code>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>also_single_tested</th>
<td><p>a logical to indicate whether (in combination therapies) also observations should be included where not all antibiotics were tested, but at least one of the tested antibiotics contains a target interpretation (e.g. S in case of <code>portion_S</code> and R in case of <code>portion_R</code>). <strong>This would lead to selection bias in almost all cases.</strong></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>data</th>
<td><p>a <code>data.frame</code> containing columns with class <code>rsi</code> (see <code><a href='as.rsi.html'>as.rsi</a></code>)</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>translate_ab</th>
<td><p>a column name of the <code><a href='antibiotics.html'>antibiotics</a></code> data set to translate the antibiotic abbreviations to, using <code><a href='abname.html'>abname</a></code>. This can be set with <code><a href='https://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/base/topics/options'>getOption</a>("get_antibiotic_names")</code>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>combine_IR</th>
<td><p>a logical to indicate whether all values of I and R must be merged into one, so the output only consists of S vs. IR (susceptible vs. non-susceptible)</p></td>
</tr>
</table>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="source"><a class="anchor" href="#source"></a>Source</h2>
<p><strong>M39 Analysis and Presentation of Cumulative Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test Data, 4th Edition</strong>, 2014, <em>Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)</em>. <a href='https://clsi.org/standards/products/microbiology/documents/m39/'>https://clsi.org/standards/products/microbiology/documents/m39/</a>.</p>
<p>Wickham H. <strong>Tidy Data.</strong> The Journal of Statistical Software, vol. 59, 2014. <a href='http://vita.had.co.nz/papers/tidy-data.html'>http://vita.had.co.nz/papers/tidy-data.html</a></p>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="value"><a class="anchor" href="#value"></a>Value</h2>
<p>Double or, when <code>as_percent = TRUE</code>, a character.</p>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="details"><a class="anchor" href="#details"></a>Details</h2>
<p><strong>Remember that you should filter your table to let it contain only first isolates!</strong> Use <code><a href='first_isolate.html'>first_isolate</a></code> to determine them in your data set.</p>
<p>These functions are not meant to count isolates, but to calculate the portion of resistance/susceptibility. Use the <code><a href='count.html'>count</a></code> functions to count isolates. <em>Low counts can infuence the outcome - these <code>portion</code> functions may camouflage this, since they only return the portion albeit being dependent on the <code>minimum</code> parameter.</em></p>
<p><code>portion_df</code> takes any variable from <code>data</code> that has an <code>"rsi"</code> class (created with <code><a href='as.rsi.html'>as.rsi</a></code>) and calculates the portions R, I and S. The resulting <em>tidy data</em> (see Source) <code>data.frame</code> will have three rows (S/I/R) and a column for each variable with class <code>"rsi"</code>.</p>
<p>The old <code><a href='rsi.html'>rsi</a></code> function is still available for backwards compatibility but is deprecated.
<br /><br />
To calculate the probability (<em>p</em>) of susceptibility of one antibiotic, we use this formula:
<div style="text-align: center"><img src='figures/mono_therapy.png' alt='' /></div>
To calculate the probability (<em>p</em>) of susceptibility of more antibiotics (i.e. combination therapy), we need to check whether one of them has a susceptible result (as numerator) and count all cases where all antibiotics were tested (as denominator). <br />
<br />
For two antibiotics:
<div style="text-align: center"><img src='figures/combi_therapy_2.png' alt='' /></div>
<br />
For three antibiotics:
<div style="text-align: center"><img src='figures/combi_therapy_3.png' alt='' /></div>
<br />
And so on.</p>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="read-more-on-our-website-"><a class="anchor" href="#read-more-on-our-website-"></a>Read more on our website!</h2>
<p><img src='figures/logo.png' height=40px style=margin-bottom:5px /> <br />
On our website <a href='https://msberends.gitlab.io/AMR'>https://msberends.gitlab.io/AMR</a> you can find <a href='https://msberends.gitlab.io/AMR/articles/AMR.html'>a comprehensive tutorial</a> about how to conduct AMR analysis, the <a href='https://msberends.gitlab.io/AMR/reference'>complete documentation of all functions</a> (which reads a lot easier than here in R) and <a href='https://msberends.gitlab.io/AMR/articles/WHONET.html'>an example analysis using WHONET data</a>.</p>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="see-also"><a class="anchor" href="#see-also"></a>See also</h2>
<div class='dont-index'><p><code><a href='count.html'>count</a>_*</code> to count resistant and susceptible isolates.</p></div>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="examples"><a class="anchor" href="#examples"></a>Examples</h2>
<pre class="examples"><span class='co'># NOT RUN {</span>
<span class='co'># septic_patients is a data set available in the AMR package. It is true, genuine data.</span>
?<span class='no'>septic_patients</span>
<span class='co'># Calculate resistance</span>
<span class='fu'>portion_R</span>(<span class='no'>septic_patients</span>$<span class='no'>amox</span>)
<span class='fu'>portion_IR</span>(<span class='no'>septic_patients</span>$<span class='no'>amox</span>)
<span class='co'># Or susceptibility</span>
<span class='fu'>portion_S</span>(<span class='no'>septic_patients</span>$<span class='no'>amox</span>)
<span class='fu'>portion_SI</span>(<span class='no'>septic_patients</span>$<span class='no'>amox</span>)
<span class='co'># Do the above with pipes:</span>
<span class='fu'><a href='https://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/base/topics/library'>library</a></span>(<span class='no'>dplyr</span>)
<span class='no'>septic_patients</span> <span class='kw'>%&gt;%</span> <span class='fu'>portion_R</span>(<span class='no'>amox</span>)
<span class='no'>septic_patients</span> <span class='kw'>%&gt;%</span> <span class='fu'>portion_IR</span>(<span class='no'>amox</span>)
<span class='no'>septic_patients</span> <span class='kw'>%&gt;%</span> <span class='fu'>portion_S</span>(<span class='no'>amox</span>)
<span class='no'>septic_patients</span> <span class='kw'>%&gt;%</span> <span class='fu'>portion_SI</span>(<span class='no'>amox</span>)
<span class='no'>septic_patients</span> <span class='kw'>%&gt;%</span>
<span class='fu'><a href='https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/group_by.html'>group_by</a></span>(<span class='no'>hospital_id</span>) <span class='kw'>%&gt;%</span>
<span class='fu'><a href='https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/summarise.html'>summarise</a></span>(<span class='kw'>p</span> <span class='kw'>=</span> <span class='fu'>portion_S</span>(<span class='no'>cipr</span>),
<span class='kw'>n</span> <span class='kw'>=</span> <span class='fu'><a href='count.html'>n_rsi</a></span>(<span class='no'>cipr</span>)) <span class='co'># n_rsi works like n_distinct in dplyr</span>
<span class='no'>septic_patients</span> <span class='kw'>%&gt;%</span>
<span class='fu'><a href='https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/group_by.html'>group_by</a></span>(<span class='no'>hospital_id</span>) <span class='kw'>%&gt;%</span>
<span class='fu'><a href='https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/summarise.html'>summarise</a></span>(<span class='kw'>R</span> <span class='kw'>=</span> <span class='fu'>portion_R</span>(<span class='no'>cipr</span>, <span class='kw'>as_percent</span> <span class='kw'>=</span> <span class='fl'>TRUE</span>),
<span class='kw'>I</span> <span class='kw'>=</span> <span class='fu'>portion_I</span>(<span class='no'>cipr</span>, <span class='kw'>as_percent</span> <span class='kw'>=</span> <span class='fl'>TRUE</span>),
<span class='kw'>S</span> <span class='kw'>=</span> <span class='fu'>portion_S</span>(<span class='no'>cipr</span>, <span class='kw'>as_percent</span> <span class='kw'>=</span> <span class='fl'>TRUE</span>),
<span class='kw'>n</span> <span class='kw'>=</span> <span class='fu'><a href='count.html'>n_rsi</a></span>(<span class='no'>cipr</span>), <span class='co'># works like n_distinct in dplyr</span>
<span class='kw'>total</span> <span class='kw'>=</span> <span class='fu'><a href='https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/n.html'>n</a></span>()) <span class='co'># NOT the amount of tested isolates!</span>
<span class='co'># Calculate co-resistance between amoxicillin/clav acid and gentamicin,</span>
<span class='co'># so we can see that combination therapy does a lot more than mono therapy:</span>
<span class='no'>septic_patients</span> <span class='kw'>%&gt;%</span> <span class='fu'>portion_S</span>(<span class='no'>amcl</span>) <span class='co'># S = 67.1%</span>
<span class='no'>septic_patients</span> <span class='kw'>%&gt;%</span> <span class='fu'><a href='count.html'>count_all</a></span>(<span class='no'>amcl</span>) <span class='co'># n = 1576</span>
<span class='no'>septic_patients</span> <span class='kw'>%&gt;%</span> <span class='fu'>portion_S</span>(<span class='no'>gent</span>) <span class='co'># S = 74.0%</span>
<span class='no'>septic_patients</span> <span class='kw'>%&gt;%</span> <span class='fu'><a href='count.html'>count_all</a></span>(<span class='no'>gent</span>) <span class='co'># n = 1855</span>
<span class='no'>septic_patients</span> <span class='kw'>%&gt;%</span> <span class='fu'>portion_S</span>(<span class='no'>amcl</span>, <span class='no'>gent</span>) <span class='co'># S = 92.0%</span>
<span class='no'>septic_patients</span> <span class='kw'>%&gt;%</span> <span class='fu'><a href='count.html'>count_all</a></span>(<span class='no'>amcl</span>, <span class='no'>gent</span>) <span class='co'># n = 1517</span>
<span class='no'>septic_patients</span> <span class='kw'>%&gt;%</span>
<span class='fu'><a href='https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/group_by.html'>group_by</a></span>(<span class='no'>hospital_id</span>) <span class='kw'>%&gt;%</span>
<span class='fu'><a href='https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/summarise.html'>summarise</a></span>(<span class='kw'>cipro_p</span> <span class='kw'>=</span> <span class='fu'>portion_S</span>(<span class='no'>cipr</span>, <span class='kw'>as_percent</span> <span class='kw'>=</span> <span class='fl'>TRUE</span>),
<span class='kw'>cipro_n</span> <span class='kw'>=</span> <span class='fu'><a href='count.html'>count_all</a></span>(<span class='no'>cipr</span>),
<span class='kw'>genta_p</span> <span class='kw'>=</span> <span class='fu'>portion_S</span>(<span class='no'>gent</span>, <span class='kw'>as_percent</span> <span class='kw'>=</span> <span class='fl'>TRUE</span>),
<span class='kw'>genta_n</span> <span class='kw'>=</span> <span class='fu'><a href='count.html'>count_all</a></span>(<span class='no'>gent</span>),
<span class='kw'>combination_p</span> <span class='kw'>=</span> <span class='fu'>portion_S</span>(<span class='no'>cipr</span>, <span class='no'>gent</span>, <span class='kw'>as_percent</span> <span class='kw'>=</span> <span class='fl'>TRUE</span>),
<span class='kw'>combination_n</span> <span class='kw'>=</span> <span class='fu'><a href='count.html'>count_all</a></span>(<span class='no'>cipr</span>, <span class='no'>gent</span>))
<span class='co'># Get portions S/I/R immediately of all rsi columns</span>
<span class='no'>septic_patients</span> <span class='kw'>%&gt;%</span>
<span class='fu'><a href='https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/select.html'>select</a></span>(<span class='no'>amox</span>, <span class='no'>cipr</span>) <span class='kw'>%&gt;%</span>
<span class='fu'>portion_df</span>(<span class='kw'>translate</span> <span class='kw'>=</span> <span class='fl'>FALSE</span>)
<span class='co'># It also supports grouping variables</span>
<span class='no'>septic_patients</span> <span class='kw'>%&gt;%</span>
<span class='fu'><a href='https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/select.html'>select</a></span>(<span class='no'>hospital_id</span>, <span class='no'>amox</span>, <span class='no'>cipr</span>) <span class='kw'>%&gt;%</span>
<span class='fu'><a href='https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/group_by.html'>group_by</a></span>(<span class='no'>hospital_id</span>) <span class='kw'>%&gt;%</span>
<span class='fu'>portion_df</span>(<span class='kw'>translate</span> <span class='kw'>=</span> <span class='fl'>FALSE</span>)
<span class='co'># }</span><span class='co'># NOT RUN {</span>
<span class='co'># calculate current empiric combination therapy of Helicobacter gastritis:</span>
<span class='no'>my_table</span> <span class='kw'>%&gt;%</span>
<span class='fu'><a href='https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html'>filter</a></span>(<span class='no'>first_isolate</span> <span class='kw'>==</span> <span class='fl'>TRUE</span>,
<span class='no'>genus</span> <span class='kw'>==</span> <span class='st'>"Helicobacter"</span>) <span class='kw'>%&gt;%</span>
<span class='fu'><a href='https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/summarise.html'>summarise</a></span>(<span class='kw'>p</span> <span class='kw'>=</span> <span class='fu'>portion_S</span>(<span class='no'>amox</span>, <span class='no'>metr</span>), <span class='co'># amoxicillin with metronidazole</span>
<span class='kw'>n</span> <span class='kw'>=</span> <span class='fu'><a href='count.html'>count_all</a></span>(<span class='no'>amox</span>, <span class='no'>metr</span>))
<span class='co'># }</span></pre>
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