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<img src="../logo.svg" class="logo" alt=""><h1>Calculate the Matching Score for Microorganisms</h1>
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<small class="dont-index">Source: <a href="https://github.com/msberends/AMR/blob/HEAD/R/mo_matching_score.R" class="external-link"><code>R/mo_matching_score.R</code></a></small>
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<p>This algorithm is used by <code><a href="as.mo.html">as.mo()</a></code> and all the <code><a href="mo_property.html">mo_*</a></code> functions to determine the most probable match of taxonomic records based on user input.</p>
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<h2 id="ref-usage">Usage<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#ref-usage"></a></h2>
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<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code><span><span class="fu">mo_matching_score</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">x</span>, <span class="va">n</span><span class="op">)</span></span></code></pre></div>
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<h2 id="arguments">Arguments<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#arguments"></a></h2>
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<dl><dt>x</dt>
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<dd><p>Any user input value(s)</p></dd>
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<dt>n</dt>
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<dd><p>A full taxonomic name, that exists in <code><a href="microorganisms.html">microorganisms$fullname</a></code></p></dd>
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<div class="section level2">
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<h2 id="note">Note<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#note"></a></h2>
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<p>This algorithm was originally described in: Berends MS <em>et al.</em> (2022). <strong>AMR: An R Package for Working with Antimicrobial Resistance Data</strong>. <em>Journal of Statistical Software</em>, 104(3), 1-31; <a href="https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v104.i03" class="external-link">doi:10.18637/jss.v104.i03</a>
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.</p>
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<p>Later, the work of Bartlett A <em>et al.</em> about bacterial pathogens infecting humans (2022, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.001269" class="external-link">doi:10.1099/mic.0.001269</a>
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) was incorporated.</p>
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<div class="section level2">
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<h2 id="matching-score-for-microorganisms">Matching Score for Microorganisms<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#matching-score-for-microorganisms"></a></h2>
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<p>With ambiguous user input in <code><a href="as.mo.html">as.mo()</a></code> and all the <code><a href="mo_property.html">mo_*</a></code> functions, the returned results are chosen based on their matching score using <code>mo_matching_score()</code>. This matching score \(m\), is calculated as:</p>
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<p><img src="figures/mo_matching_score.png" width="300" alt="mo matching score"></p>
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<p>where:</p><ul><li><p>\(x\) is the user input;</p></li>
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<li><p>\(n\) is a taxonomic name (genus, species, and subspecies);</p></li>
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<li><p>\(l_n\) is the length of \(n\);</p></li>
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<li><p>\(lev\) is the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levenshtein_distance" class="external-link">Levenshtein distance function</a> (counting any insertion as 1, and any deletion or substitution as 2) that is needed to change \(x\) into \(n\);</p></li>
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<li><p>\(p_n\) is the human pathogenic prevalence group of \(n\), as described below;</p></li>
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<li><p>\(k_n\) is the taxonomic kingdom of \(n\), set as Bacteria = 1, Fungi = 2, Protozoa = 3, Archaea = 4, others = 5.</p></li>
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</ul><p>The grouping into human pathogenic prevalence \(p\) is based on recent work from Bartlett <em>et al.</em> (2022, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.001269" class="external-link">doi:10.1099/mic.0.001269</a>
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) who extensively studied medical-scientific literature to categorise all bacterial species into these groups:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Established</strong>, if a taxonomic species has infected at least three persons in three or more references. These records have <code>prevalence = 1.0</code> in the <a href="microorganisms.html">microorganisms</a> data set;</p></li>
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<li><p><strong>Putative</strong>, if a taxonomic species has fewer than three known cases. These records have <code>prevalence = 1.25</code> in the <a href="microorganisms.html">microorganisms</a> data set.</p></li>
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</ul><p>Furthermore,</p><ul><li><p>Any genus present in the <strong>established</strong> list also has <code>prevalence = 1.0</code> in the <a href="microorganisms.html">microorganisms</a> data set;</p></li>
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<li><p>Any other genus present in the <strong>putative</strong> list has <code>prevalence = 1.25</code> in the <a href="microorganisms.html">microorganisms</a> data set;</p></li>
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<li><p>Any other species or subspecies of which the genus is present in the two aforementioned groups, has <code>prevalence = 1.5</code> in the <a href="microorganisms.html">microorganisms</a> data set;</p></li>
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<li><p>Any <em>non-bacterial</em> genus, species or subspecies of which the genus is present in the following list, has <code>prevalence = 1.5</code> in the <a href="microorganisms.html">microorganisms</a> data set: <em>Absidia</em>, <em>Acanthamoeba</em>, <em>Acremonium</em>, <em>Aedes</em>, <em>Alternaria</em>, <em>Amoeba</em>, <em>Ancylostoma</em>, <em>Angiostrongylus</em>, <em>Anisakis</em>, <em>Anopheles</em>, <em>Apophysomyces</em>, <em>Aspergillus</em>, <em>Aureobasidium</em>, <em>Basidiobolus</em>, <em>Beauveria</em>, <em>Blastocystis</em>, <em>Blastomyces</em>, <em>Candida</em>, <em>Capillaria</em>, <em>Chaetomium</em>, <em>Chrysonilia</em>, <em>Cladophialophora</em>, <em>Cladosporium</em>, <em>Conidiobolus</em>, <em>Contracaecum</em>, <em>Cordylobia</em>, <em>Cryptococcus</em>, <em>Curvularia</em>, <em>Demodex</em>, <em>Dermatobia</em>, <em>Dientamoeba</em>, <em>Diphyllobothrium</em>, <em>Dirofilaria</em>, <em>Echinostoma</em>, <em>Entamoeba</em>, <em>Enterobius</em>, <em>Exophiala</em>, <em>Exserohilum</em>, <em>Fasciola</em>, <em>Fonsecaea</em>, <em>Fusarium</em>, <em>Giardia</em>, <em>Haloarcula</em>, <em>Halobacterium</em>, <em>Halococcus</em>, <em>Hendersonula</em>, <em>Heterophyes</em>, <em>Histomonas</em>, <em>Histoplasma</em>, <em>Hymenolepis</em>, <em>Hypomyces</em>, <em>Hysterothylacium</em>, <em>Leishmania</em>, <em>Malassezia</em>, <em>Malbranchea</em>, <em>Metagonimus</em>, <em>Meyerozyma</em>, <em>Microsporidium</em>, <em>Microsporum</em>, <em>Mortierella</em>, <em>Mucor</em>, <em>Mycocentrospora</em>, <em>Necator</em>, <em>Nectria</em>, <em>Ochroconis</em>, <em>Oesophagostomum</em>, <em>Oidiodendron</em>, <em>Opisthorchis</em>, <em>Pediculus</em>, <em>Phlebotomus</em>, <em>Phoma</em>, <em>Pichia</em>, <em>Piedraia</em>, <em>Pithomyces</em>, <em>Pityrosporum</em>, <em>Pneumocystis</em>, <em>Pseudallescheria</em>, <em>Pseudoterranova</em>, <em>Pulex</em>, <em>Rhizomucor</em>, <em>Rhizopus</em>, <em>Rhodotorula</em>, <em>Saccharomyces</em>, <em>Sarcoptes</em>, <em>Scolecobasidium</em>, <em>Scopulariopsis</em>, <em>Scytalidium</em>, <em>Spirometra</em>, <em>Sporobolomyces</em>, <em>Stachybotrys</em>, <em>Strongyloides</em>, <em>Syngamus</em>, <em>Taenia</em>, <em>Toxocara</em>, <em>Trichinella</em>, <em>Trichobilharzia</em>, <em>Trichoderma</em>, <em>Trichomonas</em>, <em>Trichophyton</em>, <em>Trichosporon</em>, <em>Trichostrongylus</em>, <em>Trichuris</em>, <em>Tritirachium</em>, <em>Trombicula</em>, <em>Trypanosoma</em>, <em>Tunga</em> or <em>Wuchereria</em>;</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>All other records have <code>prevalence = 2.0</code> in the <a href="microorganisms.html">microorganisms</a> data set.</p></li>
|
||
</ul><p>When calculating the matching score, all characters in \(x\) and \(n\) are ignored that are other than A-Z, a-z, 0-9, spaces and parentheses.</p>
|
||
<p>All matches are sorted descending on their matching score and for all user input values, the top match will be returned. This will lead to the effect that e.g., <code>"E. coli"</code> will return the microbial ID of <em>Escherichia coli</em> (\(m = 0.688\), a highly prevalent microorganism found in humans) and not <em>Entamoeba coli</em> (\(m = 0.159\), a less prevalent microorganism in humans), although the latter would alphabetically come first.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="section level2">
|
||
<h2 id="reference-data-publicly-available">Reference Data Publicly Available<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#reference-data-publicly-available"></a></h2>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p>All data sets in this <code>AMR</code> package (about microorganisms, antibiotics, SIR interpretation, EUCAST rules, etc.) are publicly and freely available for download in the following formats: R, MS Excel, Apache Feather, Apache Parquet, SPSS, SAS, and Stata. We also provide tab-separated plain text files that are machine-readable and suitable for input in any software program, such as laboratory information systems. Please visit <a href="https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/datasets.html">our website for the download links</a>. The actual files are of course available on <a href="https://github.com/msberends/AMR/tree/main/data-raw" class="external-link">our GitHub repository</a>.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="section level2">
|
||
<h2 id="author">Author<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#author"></a></h2>
|
||
<p>Dr. Matthijs Berends, 2018</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="section level2">
|
||
<h2 id="ref-examples">Examples<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#ref-examples"></a></h2>
|
||
<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code><span class="r-in"><span><span class="fu"><a href="as.mo.html">mo_reset_session</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="op">)</span></span></span>
|
||
<span class="r-msg co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> ℹ Reset 17 previously matched input values.</span>
|
||
<span class="r-in"><span></span></span>
|
||
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="fu"><a href="as.mo.html">as.mo</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="st">"E. coli"</span><span class="op">)</span></span></span>
|
||
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> Class 'mo'</span>
|
||
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> [1] B_ESCHR_COLI</span>
|
||
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="fu"><a href="as.mo.html">mo_uncertainties</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="op">)</span></span></span>
|
||
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> Matching scores are based on the resemblance between the input and the full</span>
|
||
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> taxonomic name, and the pathogenicity in humans. See ?mo_matching_score.</span>
|
||
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> </span>
|
||
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> --------------------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
|
||
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> "E. coli" -> Escherichia coli (B_ESCHR_COLI, 0.688)</span>
|
||
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> Based on input "E coli"</span>
|
||
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> Also matched: Enterobacter cowanii (0.600), Eubacterium combesii</span>
|
||
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> (0.600), Eggerthia catenaformis (0.591), Eubacterium callanderi</span>
|
||
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> (0.591), Enterocloster citroniae (0.587), Eubacterium cylindroides</span>
|
||
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> (0.583), Enterococcus casseliflavus (0.577), Enterobacter cloacae</span>
|
||
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> cloacae (0.571), Ehrlichia canis (0.567), Enterobacter cloacae</span>
|
||
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> dissolvens (0.565), Eikenella corrodens (0.553), Erwinia cancerogena</span>
|
||
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> (0.553), Enterobacter cloacae (0.550), Enterococcus cecorum (0.550),</span>
|
||
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> Ehrlichia chaffeensis (0.548), Enterobacter cancerogena (0.542),</span>
|
||
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> Enterobacter cancerogenus (0.540), Ezakiella coagulans (0.484),</span>
|
||
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> Effusibacillus consociatus (0.462), Enterococcus crotali (0.433),</span>
|
||
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> Erwinia coffeiphila (0.404), Eubacterium coprostanoligenes (0.402),</span>
|
||
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> Enterococcus columbae (0.397), Enterococcus camelliae (0.394) and</span>
|
||
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> Eubacterium cellulosolvens (0.385) [showing first 25]</span>
|
||
<span class="r-in"><span></span></span>
|
||
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="fu">mo_matching_score</span><span class="op">(</span></span></span>
|
||
<span class="r-in"><span> x <span class="op">=</span> <span class="st">"E. coli"</span>,</span></span>
|
||
<span class="r-in"><span> n <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html" class="external-link">c</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="st">"Escherichia coli"</span>, <span class="st">"Entamoeba coli"</span><span class="op">)</span></span></span>
|
||
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="op">)</span></span></span>
|
||
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#></span> [1] 0.6875000 0.1587302</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
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|
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|
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|
||
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<p></p><p><code>AMR</code> (for R). Free and open-source, licenced under the <a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/msberends/AMR/blob/main/LICENSE" class="external-link">GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GPL-2)</a>.<br>Developed at the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.rug.nl" class="external-link">University of Groningen</a> and <a target="_blank" href="https://www.umcg.nl" class="external-link">University Medical Center Groningen</a> in The Netherlands.</p>
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<p></p><p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.rug.nl" class="external-link"><img src="https://github.com/msberends/AMR/raw/main/pkgdown/logos/logo_rug.svg" style="max-width: 150px;"></a><a target="_blank" href="https://www.umcg.nl" class="external-link"><img src="https://github.com/msberends/AMR/raw/main/pkgdown/logos/logo_umcg.svg" style="max-width: 150px;"></a></p>
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