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AMR/R/key_antibiotics.R

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# ==================================================================== #
# TITLE #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis #
# #
# AUTHORS #
# Berends MS (m.s.berends@umcg.nl), Luz CF (c.f.luz@umcg.nl) #
# #
# LICENCE #
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify #
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2.0, #
# as published by the Free Software Foundation. #
# #
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, #
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of #
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the #
# GNU General Public License for more details. #
# ==================================================================== #
#' Key antibiotics for first \emph{weighted} isolates
#'
#' These function can be used to determine first isolates (see \code{\link{first_isolate}}). Using key antibiotics to determine first isolates is more reliable than without key antibiotics. These selected isolates will then be called first \emph{weighted} isolates.
#' @param tbl table with antibiotics coloms, like \code{amox} and \code{amcl}.
#' @param x,y characters to compare
#' @inheritParams first_isolate
#' @param universal_1,universal_2,universal_3,universal_4,universal_5,universal_6 column names of \strong{broad-spectrum} antibiotics, case-insensitive
#' @param GramPos_1,GramPos_2,GramPos_3,GramPos_4,GramPos_5,GramPos_6 column names of antibiotics for \strong{Gram positives}, case-insensitive
#' @param GramNeg_1,GramNeg_2,GramNeg_3,GramNeg_4,GramNeg_5,GramNeg_6 column names of antibiotics for \strong{Gram negatives}, case-insensitive
#' @param warnings give warning about missing antibiotic columns, they will anyway be ignored
#' @details The function \code{key_antibiotics} returns a character vector with 12 antibiotic results for every isolate. These isolates can then be compared using \code{key_antibiotics_equal}, to check if two isolates have generally the same antibiogram. Missing and invalid values are replaced with a dot (\code{"."}). The \code{\link{first_isolate}} function only uses this function on the same microbial species from the same patient. Using this, an MRSA will be included after a susceptible \emph{S. aureus} (MSSA) found within the same episode (see \code{episode} parameter of \code{\link{first_isolate}}). Without key antibiotic comparison it wouldn't.
#'
#' At default, the antibiotics that are used for \strong{Gram positive bacteria} are (colum names): \cr
#' \code{"amox"}, \code{"amcl"}, \code{"cfur"}, \code{"pita"}, \code{"cipr"}, \code{"trsu"} (until here is universal), \code{"vanc"}, \code{"teic"}, \code{"tetr"}, \code{"eryt"}, \code{"oxac"}, \code{"rifa"}.
#'
#' At default, the antibiotics that are used for \strong{Gram negative bacteria} are (colum names): \cr
#' \code{"amox"}, \code{"amcl"}, \code{"cfur"}, \code{"pita"}, \code{"cipr"}, \code{"trsu"} (until here is universal), \code{"gent"}, \code{"tobr"}, \code{"coli"}, \code{"cfot"}, \code{"cfta"}, \code{"mero"}.
#'
#'
#' The function \code{key_antibiotics_equal} checks the characters returned by \code{key_antibiotics} for equality, and returns a logical vector.
#' @inheritSection first_isolate Key antibiotics
#' @rdname key_antibiotics
#' @export
#' @importFrom dplyr %>% mutate if_else
#' @seealso \code{\link{first_isolate}}
#' @examples
#' # septic_patients is a dataset available in the AMR package
#' ?septic_patients
#' my_patients <- septic_patients
#'
#' library(dplyr)
#' # set key antibiotics to a new variable
#' my_patients <- my_patients %>%
#' mutate(keyab = key_antibiotics(.)) %>%
#' mutate(
#' # now calculate first isolates
#' first_regular = first_isolate(., "date", "patient_id", "bactid"),
#' # and first WEIGHTED isolates
#' first_weighted = first_isolate(., "date", "patient_id", "bactid",
#' col_keyantibiotics = "keyab")
#' )
#'
#' # Check the difference, in this data set it results in 7% more isolates:
#' sum(my_patients$first_regular, na.rm = TRUE)
#' sum(my_patients$first_weighted, na.rm = TRUE)
#'
#'
#' # output of the `key_antibiotics` function could be like this:
#' strainA <- "SSSRR.S.R..S"
#' strainB <- "SSSIRSSSRSSS"
#'
#' key_antibiotics_equal(strainA, strainB)
#' # TRUE, because I is ignored (as are missing values)
#'
#' key_antibiotics_equal(strainA, strainB, ignore_I = FALSE)
#' # FALSE, because I is not ignored and so the 4th value differs
key_antibiotics <- function(tbl,
col_bactid = "bactid",
universal_1 = "amox",
universal_2 = "amcl",
universal_3 = "cfur",
universal_4 = "pita",
universal_5 = "cipr",
universal_6 = "trsu",
GramPos_1 = "vanc",
GramPos_2 = "teic",
GramPos_3 = "tetr",
GramPos_4 = "eryt",
GramPos_5 = "oxac",
GramPos_6 = "rifa",
GramNeg_1 = "gent",
GramNeg_2 = "tobr",
GramNeg_3 = "coli",
GramNeg_4 = "cfot",
GramNeg_5 = "cfta",
GramNeg_6 = "mero",
warnings = TRUE) {
if (!col_bactid %in% colnames(tbl)) {
stop('Column ', col_bactid, ' not found.', call. = FALSE)
}
# check columns
col.list <- c(universal_1, universal_2, universal_3, universal_4, universal_5, universal_6,
GramPos_1, GramPos_2, GramPos_3, GramPos_4, GramPos_5, GramPos_6,
GramNeg_1, GramNeg_2, GramNeg_3, GramNeg_4, GramNeg_5, GramNeg_6)
col.list <- check_available_columns(tbl = tbl, col.list = col.list, info = warnings)
universal_1 <- col.list[universal_1]
universal_2 <- col.list[universal_2]
universal_3 <- col.list[universal_3]
universal_4 <- col.list[universal_4]
universal_5 <- col.list[universal_5]
universal_6 <- col.list[universal_6]
GramPos_1 <- col.list[GramPos_1]
GramPos_2 <- col.list[GramPos_2]
GramPos_3 <- col.list[GramPos_3]
GramPos_4 <- col.list[GramPos_4]
GramPos_5 <- col.list[GramPos_5]
GramPos_6 <- col.list[GramPos_6]
GramNeg_1 <- col.list[GramNeg_1]
GramNeg_2 <- col.list[GramNeg_2]
GramNeg_3 <- col.list[GramNeg_3]
GramNeg_4 <- col.list[GramNeg_4]
GramNeg_5 <- col.list[GramNeg_5]
GramNeg_6 <- col.list[GramNeg_6]
universal <- c(universal_1, universal_2, universal_3,
universal_4, universal_5, universal_6)
gram_positive = c(universal,
GramPos_1, GramPos_2, GramPos_3,
GramPos_4, GramPos_5, GramPos_6)
gram_positive <- gram_positive[!is.na(gram_positive)]
gram_negative = c(universal,
GramNeg_1, GramNeg_2, GramNeg_3,
GramNeg_4, GramNeg_5, GramNeg_6)
gram_negative <- gram_negative[!is.na(gram_negative)]
# join microorganisms
tbl <- tbl %>% left_join_microorganisms(col_bactid)
tbl$key_ab <- NA_character_
# Gram +
tbl <- tbl %>% mutate(key_ab =
if_else(gramstain %like% '^Positive ',
apply(X = tbl[, gram_positive],
MARGIN = 1,
FUN = function(x) paste(x, collapse = "")),
key_ab))
# Gram -
tbl <- tbl %>% mutate(key_ab =
if_else(gramstain %like% '^Negative ',
apply(X = tbl[, gram_negative],
MARGIN = 1,
FUN = function(x) paste(x, collapse = "")),
key_ab))
# format
key_abs <- tbl %>%
pull(key_ab) %>%
gsub('(NA|NULL)', '.', .) %>%
gsub('[^SIR]', '.', ., ignore.case = TRUE)
key_abs
}
#' @importFrom dplyr progress_estimated %>%
#' @rdname key_antibiotics
#' @export
key_antibiotics_equal <- function(x,
y,
type = c("keyantibiotics", "points"),
ignore_I = TRUE,
points_threshold = 2,
info = FALSE) {
# x is active row, y is lag
type <- type[1]
if (length(x) != length(y)) {
stop('Length of `x` and `y` must be equal.')
}
# only show progress bar on points or when at least 5000 isolates
info_needed <- info == TRUE & (type == "points" | length(x) > 5000)
result <- logical(length(x))
if (info_needed == TRUE) {
p <- dplyr::progress_estimated(length(x))
}
for (i in 1:length(x)) {
if (info_needed == TRUE) {
p$tick()$print()
}
if (is.na(x[i])) {
x[i] <- ''
}
if (is.na(y[i])) {
y[i] <- ''
}
if (x[i] == y[i]) {
result[i] <- TRUE
} else if (nchar(x[i]) != nchar(y[i])) {
result[i] <- FALSE
} else {
x_split <- strsplit(x[i], "")[[1]]
y_split <- strsplit(y[i], "")[[1]]
if (type == 'keyantibiotics') {
if (ignore_I == TRUE) {
x_split[x_split == "I"] <- "."
y_split[y_split == "I"] <- "."
}
y_split[x_split == "."] <- "."
x_split[y_split == "."] <- "."
result[i] <- all(x_split == y_split)
} else if (type == 'points') {
# count points for every single character:
# - no change is 0 points
# - I <-> S|R is 0.5 point
# - S|R <-> R|S is 1 point
# use the levels of as.rsi (S = 1, I = 2, R = 3)
suppressWarnings(x_split <- x_split %>% as.rsi() %>% as.double())
suppressWarnings(y_split <- y_split %>% as.rsi() %>% as.double())
points <- (x_split - y_split) %>% abs() %>% sum(na.rm = TRUE) / 2
result[i] <- points >= points_threshold
} else {
stop('`', type, '` is not a valid value for type, must be "points" or "keyantibiotics". See ?first_isolate.')
}
}
}
if (info_needed == TRUE) {
cat('\n')
}
result
}
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