AMR/reference/get_episode.html

444 lines
52 KiB
HTML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<!-- Generated by pkgdown: do not edit by hand --><html lang="en"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta charset="utf-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no"><meta name="description" content="These functions determine which items in a vector can be considered (the start of) a new episode. This can be used to determine clinical episodes for any epidemiological analysis. The get_episode() function returns the index number of the episode per group, while the is_new_episode() function returns TRUE for every new get_episode() index. Both absolute and relative episode determination are supported."><title>Determine Clinical or Epidemic Episodes — get_episode • AMR (for R)</title><!-- favicons --><link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="../favicon-16x16.png"><link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="../favicon-32x32.png"><link rel="apple-touch-icon" type="image/png" sizes="180x180" href="../apple-touch-icon.png"><link rel="apple-touch-icon" type="image/png" sizes="120x120" href="../apple-touch-icon-120x120.png"><link rel="apple-touch-icon" type="image/png" sizes="76x76" href="../apple-touch-icon-76x76.png"><link rel="apple-touch-icon" type="image/png" sizes="60x60" href="../apple-touch-icon-60x60.png"><script src="../deps/jquery-3.6.0/jquery-3.6.0.min.js"></script><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no"><link href="../deps/bootstrap-5.2.2/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"><script src="../deps/bootstrap-5.2.2/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script><link href="../deps/Fira_Code-0.4.6/font.css" rel="stylesheet"><!-- Font Awesome icons --><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/5.12.1/css/all.min.css" integrity="sha256-mmgLkCYLUQbXn0B1SRqzHar6dCnv9oZFPEC1g1cwlkk=" crossorigin="anonymous"><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/5.12.1/css/v4-shims.min.css" integrity="sha256-wZjR52fzng1pJHwx4aV2AO3yyTOXrcDW7jBpJtTwVxw=" crossorigin="anonymous"><!-- bootstrap-toc --><script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/afeld/bootstrap-toc@v1.0.1/dist/bootstrap-toc.min.js" integrity="sha256-4veVQbu7//Lk5TSmc7YV48MxtMy98e26cf5MrgZYnwo=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script><!-- headroom.js --><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/headroom/0.11.0/headroom.min.js" integrity="sha256-AsUX4SJE1+yuDu5+mAVzJbuYNPHj/WroHuZ8Ir/CkE0=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/headroom/0.11.0/jQuery.headroom.min.js" integrity="sha256-ZX/yNShbjqsohH1k95liqY9Gd8uOiE1S4vZc+9KQ1K4=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script><!-- clipboard.js --><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/clipboard.js/2.0.6/clipboard.min.js" integrity="sha256-inc5kl9MA1hkeYUt+EC3BhlIgyp/2jDIyBLS6k3UxPI=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script><!-- search --><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/fuse.js/6.4.6/fuse.js" integrity="sha512-zv6Ywkjyktsohkbp9bb45V6tEMoWhzFzXis+LrMehmJZZSys19Yxf1dopHx7WzIKxr5tK2dVcYmaCk2uqdjF4A==" crossorigin="anonymous"></script><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/autocomplete.js/0.38.0/autocomplete.jquery.min.js" integrity="sha512-GU9ayf+66Xx2TmpxqJpliWbT5PiGYxpaG8rfnBEk1LL8l1KGkRShhngwdXK1UgqhAzWpZHSiYPc09/NwDQIGyg==" crossorigin="anonymous"></script><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mark.js/8.11.1/mark.min.js" integrity="sha512-5CYOlHXGh6QpOFA/TeTylKLWfB3ftPsde7AnmhuitiTX4K5SqCLBeKro6sPS8ilsz1Q4NRx3v8Ko2IBiszzdww==" crossorigin="anonymous"></script><!-- pkgdown --><script src="../pkgdown.js"></script><link href="../extra.css" rel="stylesheet"><script src="../extra.js"></script><meta property="og:title" content="Determine Clinical or Epidemic Episodes — get_episode"><meta property="og:description" content="These functions determine which items in a vector can be considered (the start of) a new episode. This can be used to determine clinical episodes for any epidemiological analysis. The get_episode() function returns the index number of the episode per group, while the is_new_episode() function returns TRUE for every new get_episode() index. Both absolute and relative episode determination are supported."><meta property="og:image" content="https://msberends.github.io/AMR/logo.svg"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"><meta name="twitter:creator" content="@msberends"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@msberends"><!-- mathjax --><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.5/MathJax.js" integrity="sha256-nvJJv9wWKEm88qvoQl9ekL2J+k/RWIsaSScxxlsrv8k=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.5/config/TeX-AMS-MML_HTMLorMML.js" integrity="sha256-84DKXVJXs0/F8OTMzX4UR909+jtl4G7SPypPavF+GfA=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script><!--[if lt IE 9]>
<script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/html5shiv/3.7.3/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/respond/1.4.2/respond.min.js"></script>
<![endif]--></head><body>
<a href="#main" class="visually-hidden-focusable">Skip to contents</a>
<nav class="navbar fixed-top navbar-dark navbar-expand-lg bg-primary"><div class="container">
<a class="navbar-brand me-2" href="../index.html">AMR (for R)</a>
<small class="nav-text text-muted me-auto" data-bs-toggle="tooltip" data-bs-placement="bottom" title="">2.0.0.9035</small>
<button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#navbar" aria-controls="navbar" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
<span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span>
</button>
<div id="navbar" class="collapse navbar-collapse ms-3">
<ul class="navbar-nav me-auto"><li class="nav-item dropdown">
<a href="#" class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" id="dropdown--how-to">
<span class="fa fa-question-circle"></span>
How to
</a>
<div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="dropdown--how-to">
<a class="dropdown-item" href="../articles/AMR.html">
<span class="fa fa-directions"></span>
Conduct AMR Analysis
</a>
<a class="dropdown-item" href="../reference/antibiogram.html">
<span class="fa fa-file-prescription"></span>
Generate Antibiogram (Trad./Syndromic/WISCA)
</a>
<a class="dropdown-item" href="../articles/resistance_predict.html">
<span class="fa fa-dice"></span>
Predict Antimicrobial Resistance
</a>
<a class="dropdown-item" href="../articles/datasets.html">
<span class="fa fa-database"></span>
Download Data Sets for Own Use
</a>
<a class="dropdown-item" href="../reference/AMR-options.html">
<span class="fa fa-gear"></span>
Set User- Or Team-specific Package Settings
</a>
<a class="dropdown-item" href="../articles/PCA.html">
<span class="fa fa-compress"></span>
Conduct Principal Component Analysis for AMR
</a>
<a class="dropdown-item" href="../articles/MDR.html">
<span class="fa fa-skull-crossbones"></span>
Determine Multi-Drug Resistance (MDR)
</a>
<a class="dropdown-item" href="../articles/WHONET.html">
<span class="fa fa-globe-americas"></span>
Work with WHONET Data
</a>
<a class="dropdown-item" href="../articles/EUCAST.html">
<span class="fa fa-exchange-alt"></span>
Apply Eucast Rules
</a>
<a class="dropdown-item" href="../reference/mo_property.html">
<span class="fa fa-bug"></span>
Get Taxonomy of a Microorganism
</a>
<a class="dropdown-item" href="../reference/ab_property.html">
<span class="fa fa-capsules"></span>
Get Properties of an Antibiotic Drug
</a>
<a class="dropdown-item" href="../reference/av_property.html">
<span class="fa fa-capsules"></span>
Get Properties of an Antiviral Drug
</a>
</div>
</li>
<li class="nav-item dropdown">
<a href="#" class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" id="dropdown--with-other-pkgs">
<span class="fa fa-layer-group"></span>
With other pkgs
</a>
<div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="dropdown--with-other-pkgs">
<a class="dropdown-item" href="../articles/other_pkg.html">
<span class="fa fa-layer-group"></span>
AMR &amp; dplyr/tidyverse
</a>
<a class="dropdown-item" href="../articles/other_pkg.html">
<span class="fa fa-layer-group"></span>
AMR &amp; data.table
</a>
<a class="dropdown-item" href="../articles/other_pkg.html">
<span class="fa fa-layer-group"></span>
AMR &amp; tidymodels
</a>
<a class="dropdown-item" href="../articles/other_pkg.html">
<span class="fa fa-layer-group"></span>
AMR &amp; base R
</a>
</div>
</li>
<li class="active nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="../reference/index.html">
<span class="fa fa-book-open"></span>
Manual
</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="../authors.html">
<span class="fa fa-users"></span>
Authors
</a>
</li>
</ul><form class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0" role="search">
<input type="search" class="form-control me-sm-2" aria-label="Toggle navigation" name="search-input" data-search-index="../search.json" id="search-input" placeholder="Search for" autocomplete="off"></form>
<ul class="navbar-nav"><li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="../news/index.html">
<span class="far fa far fa-newspaper"></span>
Changelog
</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="external-link nav-link" href="https://github.com/msberends/AMR">
<span class="fab fa fab fa-github"></span>
Source Code
</a>
</li>
</ul></div>
</div>
</nav><div class="container template-reference-topic">
<div class="row">
<main id="main" class="col-md-9"><div class="page-header">
<img src="../logo.svg" class="logo" alt=""><h1>Determine Clinical or Epidemic Episodes</h1>
<small class="dont-index">Source: <a href="https://github.com/msberends/AMR/blob/HEAD/R/get_episode.R" class="external-link"><code>R/get_episode.R</code></a></small>
<div class="d-none name"><code>get_episode.Rd</code></div>
</div>
<div class="ref-description section level2">
<p>These functions determine which items in a vector can be considered (the start of) a new episode. This can be used to determine clinical episodes for any epidemiological analysis. The <code>get_episode()</code> function returns the index number of the episode per group, while the <code>is_new_episode()</code> function returns <code>TRUE</code> for every new <code>get_episode()</code> index. Both absolute and relative episode determination are supported.</p>
</div>
<div class="section level2">
<h2 id="ref-usage">Usage<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#ref-usage"></a></h2>
<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code><span><span class="fu">get_episode</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">x</span>, episode_days <span class="op">=</span> <span class="cn">NULL</span>, case_free_days <span class="op">=</span> <span class="cn">NULL</span>, <span class="va">...</span><span class="op">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="fu">is_new_episode</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">x</span>, episode_days <span class="op">=</span> <span class="cn">NULL</span>, case_free_days <span class="op">=</span> <span class="cn">NULL</span>, <span class="va">...</span><span class="op">)</span></span></code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="section level2">
<h2 id="arguments">Arguments<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#arguments"></a></h2>
<dl><dt>x</dt>
<dd><p>vector of dates (class <code>Date</code> or <code>POSIXt</code>), will be sorted internally to determine episodes</p></dd>
<dt>episode_days</dt>
<dd><p>episode length in days to specify the time period after which a new episode begins, can also be less than a day or <code>Inf</code>, see <em>Details</em></p></dd>
<dt>case_free_days</dt>
<dd><p>(inter-epidemic) interval length in days after which a new episode will start, can also be less than a day or <code>Inf</code>, see <em>Details</em></p></dd>
<dt>...</dt>
<dd><p>ignored, only in place to allow future extensions</p></dd>
</dl></div>
<div class="section level2">
<h2 id="value">Value<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#value"></a></h2>
<ul><li><p><code>get_episode()</code>: an <a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/integer.html" class="external-link">integer</a> vector</p></li>
<li><p><code>is_new_episode()</code>: a <a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/logical.html" class="external-link">logical</a> vector</p></li>
</ul></div>
<div class="section level2">
<h2 id="details">Details<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#details"></a></h2>
<p>Episodes can be determined in two ways: absolute and relative.</p><ol><li><p>Absolute</p>
<p>This method uses <code>episode_days</code> to define an episode length in days, after which a new episode will start. A common use case in AMR data analysis is microbial epidemiology: episodes of <em>S. aureus</em> bacteraemia in ICU patients for example. The episode length could then be 30 days, so that new <em>S. aureus</em> isolates after an ICU episode of 30 days will be considered a different (or new) episode.</p>
<p>Thus, this method counts <strong>since the start of the previous episode</strong>.</p></li>
<li><p>Relative</p>
<p>This method uses <code>case_free_days</code> to quantify the duration of case-free days (the inter-epidemic interval), after which a new episode will start. A common use case is infectious disease epidemiology: episodes of norovirus outbreaks in a hospital for example. The case-free period could then be 14 days, so that new norovirus cases after that time will be considered a different (or new) episode.</p>
<p>Thus, this methods counts <strong>since the last case in the previous episode</strong>.</p></li>
</ol><p>In a table:</p><table class="table table"><tr><td>Date</td><td>Using <code>episode_days = 7</code></td><td>Using <code>case_free_days = 7</code></td></tr><tr><td>2023-01-01</td><td>1</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>2023-01-02</td><td>1</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>2023-01-05</td><td>1</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>2023-01-08</td><td>2**</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>2023-02-21</td><td>3</td><td>2***</td></tr><tr><td>2023-02-22</td><td>3</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>2023-02-23</td><td>3</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>2023-02-24</td><td>3</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>2023-03-01</td><td>4</td><td>2</td></tr></table><p>** This marks the start of a new episode, because 8 January 2023 is more than 7 days since the start of the previous episode (1 January 2023). <br>
*** This marks the start of a new episode, because 21 January 2023 is more than 7 days since the last case in the previous episode (8 January 2023).</p>
<p>Either <code>episode_days</code> or <code>case_free_days</code> must be provided in the function.</p><div class="section">
<h3 id="difference-between-get-episode-and-is-new-episode-">Difference between <code>get_episode()</code> and <code>is_new_episode()</code><a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#difference-between-get-episode-and-is-new-episode-"></a></h3>
<p>The <code>get_episode()</code> function returns the index number of the episode, so all cases/patients/isolates in the first episode will have the number 1, all cases/patients/isolates in the second episode will have the number 2, etc.</p>
<p>The <code>is_new_episode()</code> function on the other hand, returns <code>TRUE</code> for every new <code>get_episode()</code> index.</p>
<p>To specify, when setting <code>episode_days = 365</code> (using method 1 as explained above), this is how the two functions differ:</p><table class="table table"><tr><td>patient</td><td>date</td><td><code>get_episode()</code></td><td><code>is_new_episode()</code></td></tr><tr><td>A</td><td>2019-01-01</td><td>1</td><td>TRUE</td></tr><tr><td>A</td><td>2019-03-01</td><td>1</td><td>FALSE</td></tr><tr><td>A</td><td>2021-01-01</td><td>2</td><td>TRUE</td></tr><tr><td>B</td><td>2008-01-01</td><td>1</td><td>TRUE</td></tr><tr><td>B</td><td>2008-01-01</td><td>1</td><td>FALSE</td></tr><tr><td>C</td><td>2020-01-01</td><td>1</td><td>TRUE</td></tr></table></div>
<div class="section">
<h3 id="other">Other<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#other"></a></h3>
<p>The <code><a href="first_isolate.html">first_isolate()</a></code> function is a wrapper around the <code>is_new_episode()</code> function, but is more efficient for data sets containing microorganism codes or names and allows for different isolate selection methods.</p>
<p>The <code>dplyr</code> package is not required for these functions to work, but these episode functions do support <a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/group_by.html" class="external-link">variable grouping</a> and work conveniently inside <code>dplyr</code> verbs such as <code><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html" class="external-link">filter()</a></code>, <code><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html" class="external-link">mutate()</a></code> and <code><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/summarise.html" class="external-link">summarise()</a></code>.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section level2">
<h2 id="see-also">See also<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#see-also"></a></h2>
<div class="dont-index"><p><code><a href="first_isolate.html">first_isolate()</a></code></p></div>
</div>
<div class="section level2">
<h2 id="ref-examples">Examples<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#ref-examples"></a></h2>
<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code><span class="r-in"><span><span class="co"># difference between absolute and relative determination of episodes:</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="va">x</span> <span class="op">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/data.frame.html" class="external-link">data.frame</a></span><span class="op">(</span>dates <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/as.Date.html" class="external-link">as.Date</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html" class="external-link">c</a></span><span class="op">(</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="st">"2021-01-01"</span>,</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="st">"2021-01-02"</span>,</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="st">"2021-01-05"</span>,</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="st">"2021-01-08"</span>,</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="st">"2021-02-21"</span>,</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="st">"2021-02-22"</span>,</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="st">"2021-02-23"</span>,</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="st">"2021-02-24"</span>,</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="st">"2021-03-01"</span>,</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="st">"2021-03-01"</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="op">)</span><span class="op">)</span><span class="op">)</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="va">x</span><span class="op">$</span><span class="va">absolute</span> <span class="op">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">get_episode</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">x</span><span class="op">$</span><span class="va">dates</span>, episode_days <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fl">7</span><span class="op">)</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="va">x</span><span class="op">$</span><span class="va">relative</span> <span class="op">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">get_episode</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">x</span><span class="op">$</span><span class="va">dates</span>, case_free_days <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fl">7</span><span class="op">)</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="va">x</span></span></span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> dates absolute relative</span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> 1 2021-01-01 1 1</span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> 2 2021-01-02 1 1</span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> 3 2021-01-05 1 1</span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> 4 2021-01-08 2 1</span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> 5 2021-02-21 3 2</span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> 6 2021-02-22 3 2</span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> 7 2021-02-23 3 2</span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> 8 2021-02-24 3 2</span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> 9 2021-03-01 4 2</span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> 10 2021-03-01 4 2</span>
<span class="r-in"><span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="co"># `example_isolates` is a data set available in the AMR package.</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="co"># See ?example_isolates</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="va">df</span> <span class="op">&lt;-</span> <span class="va">example_isolates</span><span class="op">[</span><span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/sample.html" class="external-link">sample</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/seq.html" class="external-link">seq_len</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="fl">2000</span><span class="op">)</span>, size <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fl">100</span><span class="op">)</span>, <span class="op">]</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="fu">get_episode</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">df</span><span class="op">$</span><span class="va">date</span>, episode_days <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fl">60</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="co"># indices</span></span></span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> [1] 45 35 41 11 45 48 8 20 33 25 40 28 46 4 21 29 19 11 30 3 3 15 28 18 45</span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> [26] 39 17 25 14 38 49 32 39 36 34 26 8 20 44 13 21 47 27 6 47 30 9 26 42 31</span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> [51] 7 18 23 43 30 28 22 19 42 10 13 7 13 15 39 23 36 11 32 46 35 49 38 6 12</span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> [76] 5 27 27 37 16 17 1 37 43 24 47 2 5 28 12 14 3 4 46 1 36 5 50 40 5</span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="fu">is_new_episode</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">df</span><span class="op">$</span><span class="va">date</span>, episode_days <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fl">60</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="co"># TRUE/FALSE</span></span></span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> [1] TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE FALSE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE</span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> [13] TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE TRUE FALSE TRUE</span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> [25] FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE FALSE TRUE TRUE TRUE</span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> [37] FALSE FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE TRUE TRUE TRUE FALSE FALSE TRUE FALSE</span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> [49] TRUE TRUE TRUE FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE FALSE TRUE FALSE FALSE TRUE</span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> [61] FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE</span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> [73] FALSE FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE TRUE FALSE FALSE</span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> [85] TRUE FALSE TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE</span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> [97] FALSE TRUE FALSE FALSE</span>
<span class="r-in"><span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="co"># filter on results from the third 60-day episode only, using base R</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="va">df</span><span class="op">[</span><span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/which.html" class="external-link">which</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="fu">get_episode</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">df</span><span class="op">$</span><span class="va">date</span>, <span class="fl">60</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op">==</span> <span class="fl">3</span><span class="op">)</span>, <span class="op">]</span></span></span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;"># A tibble: 3 × 46</span></span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> date patient age gender ward mo PEN OXA FLC AMX </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;date&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;chr&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;dbl&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;chr&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;chr&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;mo&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;sir&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;sir&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;sir&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;sir&gt;</span></span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;">1</span> 2003-04-07 F35553 51 M ICU B_STPHY_AURS R NA S R </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;">2</span> 2003-04-02 6BC362 62 M ICU B_STRPT_PNMN S NA NA S </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;">3</span> 2003-04-21 6BC362 62 M ICU B_STPHY_CONS R NA R R </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;"># 36 more variables: AMC &lt;sir&gt;, AMP &lt;sir&gt;, TZP &lt;sir&gt;, CZO &lt;sir&gt;, FEP &lt;sir&gt;,</span></span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;"># CXM &lt;sir&gt;, FOX &lt;sir&gt;, CTX &lt;sir&gt;, CAZ &lt;sir&gt;, CRO &lt;sir&gt;, GEN &lt;sir&gt;,</span></span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;"># TOB &lt;sir&gt;, AMK &lt;sir&gt;, KAN &lt;sir&gt;, TMP &lt;sir&gt;, SXT &lt;sir&gt;, NIT &lt;sir&gt;,</span></span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;"># FOS &lt;sir&gt;, LNZ &lt;sir&gt;, CIP &lt;sir&gt;, MFX &lt;sir&gt;, VAN &lt;sir&gt;, TEC &lt;sir&gt;,</span></span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;"># TCY &lt;sir&gt;, TGC &lt;sir&gt;, DOX &lt;sir&gt;, ERY &lt;sir&gt;, CLI &lt;sir&gt;, AZM &lt;sir&gt;,</span></span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;"># IPM &lt;sir&gt;, MEM &lt;sir&gt;, MTR &lt;sir&gt;, CHL &lt;sir&gt;, COL &lt;sir&gt;, MUP &lt;sir&gt;, RIF &lt;sir&gt;</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="co"># the functions also work for less than a day, e.g. to include one per hour:</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="fu">get_episode</span><span class="op">(</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html" class="external-link">c</a></span><span class="op">(</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/Sys.time.html" class="external-link">Sys.time</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="op">)</span>,</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/Sys.time.html" class="external-link">Sys.time</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op">+</span> <span class="fl">60</span> <span class="op">*</span> <span class="fl">60</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="op">)</span>,</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> episode_days <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fl">1</span> <span class="op">/</span> <span class="fl">24</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="op">)</span></span></span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> [1] 1 2</span>
<span class="r-in"><span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="co"># \donttest{</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="kw">if</span> <span class="op">(</span><span class="kw"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html" class="external-link">require</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="st"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org" class="external-link">"dplyr"</a></span><span class="op">)</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op">{</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="co"># is_new_episode() can also be used in dplyr verbs to determine patient</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="co"># episodes based on any (combination of) grouping variables:</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="va">df</span> <span class="op"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html" class="external-link">%&gt;%</a></span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html" class="external-link">mutate</a></span><span class="op">(</span>condition <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/sample.html" class="external-link">sample</a></span><span class="op">(</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> x <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html" class="external-link">c</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="st">"A"</span>, <span class="st">"B"</span>, <span class="st">"C"</span><span class="op">)</span>,</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> size <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fl">100</span>,</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> replace <span class="op">=</span> <span class="cn">TRUE</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="op">)</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html" class="external-link">%&gt;%</a></span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/group_by.html" class="external-link">group_by</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">patient</span>, <span class="va">condition</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html" class="external-link">%&gt;%</a></span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html" class="external-link">mutate</a></span><span class="op">(</span>new_episode <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu">is_new_episode</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">date</span>, <span class="fl">365</span><span class="op">)</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html" class="external-link">%&gt;%</a></span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/select.html" class="external-link">select</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">patient</span>, <span class="va">date</span>, <span class="va">condition</span>, <span class="va">new_episode</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html" class="external-link">%&gt;%</a></span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/arrange.html" class="external-link">arrange</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">patient</span>, <span class="va">condition</span>, <span class="va">date</span><span class="op">)</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="op">}</span></span></span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;"># A tibble: 100 × 4</span></span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;"># Groups: patient, condition [97]</span></span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> patient date condition new_episode</span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;chr&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;date&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;chr&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;lgl&gt;</span> </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 1</span> 023456 2012-11-24 A TRUE </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 2</span> 036063 2010-01-28 B TRUE </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 3</span> 047634 2004-06-28 C TRUE </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 4</span> 059414 2006-07-21 C TRUE </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 5</span> 05C73F 2006-01-12 C TRUE </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 6</span> 067927 2002-01-29 B TRUE </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 7</span> 078381 2014-07-17 C TRUE </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 8</span> 0C0688 2014-09-05 C TRUE </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 9</span> 0DBF93 2015-12-03 A TRUE </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;">10</span> 0E2483 2007-08-10 B TRUE </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;"># 90 more rows</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="kw">if</span> <span class="op">(</span><span class="kw"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html" class="external-link">require</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="st"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org" class="external-link">"dplyr"</a></span><span class="op">)</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op">{</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="va">df</span> <span class="op"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html" class="external-link">%&gt;%</a></span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/group_by.html" class="external-link">group_by</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">ward</span>, <span class="va">patient</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html" class="external-link">%&gt;%</a></span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/transmute.html" class="external-link">transmute</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">date</span>,</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="va">patient</span>,</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> new_index <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu">get_episode</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">date</span>, <span class="fl">60</span><span class="op">)</span>,</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> new_logical <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu">is_new_episode</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">date</span>, <span class="fl">60</span><span class="op">)</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="op">)</span> <span class="op"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html" class="external-link">%&gt;%</a></span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/arrange.html" class="external-link">arrange</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">patient</span>, <span class="va">ward</span>, <span class="va">date</span><span class="op">)</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="op">}</span></span></span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;"># A tibble: 100 × 5</span></span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;"># Groups: ward, patient [92]</span></span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> ward date patient new_index new_logical</span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;chr&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;date&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;chr&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;int&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;lgl&gt;</span> </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 1</span> Clinical 2012-11-24 023456 1 TRUE </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 2</span> Clinical 2010-01-28 036063 1 TRUE </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 3</span> Clinical 2004-06-28 047634 1 TRUE </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 4</span> Clinical 2006-07-21 059414 1 TRUE </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 5</span> Clinical 2006-01-12 05C73F 1 TRUE </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 6</span> ICU 2002-01-29 067927 1 TRUE </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 7</span> ICU 2014-07-17 078381 1 TRUE </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 8</span> Clinical 2014-09-05 0C0688 1 TRUE </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 9</span> ICU 2015-12-03 0DBF93 1 TRUE </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;">10</span> ICU 2007-08-10 0E2483 1 TRUE </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;"># 90 more rows</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="kw">if</span> <span class="op">(</span><span class="kw"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html" class="external-link">require</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="st"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org" class="external-link">"dplyr"</a></span><span class="op">)</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op">{</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="va">df</span> <span class="op"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html" class="external-link">%&gt;%</a></span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/group_by.html" class="external-link">group_by</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">ward</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html" class="external-link">%&gt;%</a></span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/summarise.html" class="external-link">summarise</a></span><span class="op">(</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> n_patients <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/n_distinct.html" class="external-link">n_distinct</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">patient</span><span class="op">)</span>,</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> n_episodes_365 <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/sum.html" class="external-link">sum</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="fu">is_new_episode</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">date</span>, episode_days <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fl">365</span><span class="op">)</span><span class="op">)</span>,</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> n_episodes_60 <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/sum.html" class="external-link">sum</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="fu">is_new_episode</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">date</span>, episode_days <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fl">60</span><span class="op">)</span><span class="op">)</span>,</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> n_episodes_30 <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/sum.html" class="external-link">sum</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="fu">is_new_episode</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">date</span>, episode_days <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fl">30</span><span class="op">)</span><span class="op">)</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="op">)</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="op">}</span></span></span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;"># A tibble: 3 × 5</span></span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> ward n_patients n_episodes_365 n_episodes_60 n_episodes_30</span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;chr&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;int&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;int&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;int&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;int&gt;</span></span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;">1</span> Clinical 56 13 39 47</span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;">2</span> ICU 28 11 25 28</span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;">3</span> Outpatient 8 6 7 8</span>
<span class="r-in"><span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="co"># grouping on patients and microorganisms leads to the same</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="co"># results as first_isolate() when using 'episode-based':</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="kw">if</span> <span class="op">(</span><span class="kw"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html" class="external-link">require</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="st"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org" class="external-link">"dplyr"</a></span><span class="op">)</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op">{</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="va">x</span> <span class="op">&lt;-</span> <span class="va">df</span> <span class="op"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html" class="external-link">%&gt;%</a></span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="fu"><a href="first_isolate.html">filter_first_isolate</a></span><span class="op">(</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> include_unknown <span class="op">=</span> <span class="cn">TRUE</span>,</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> method <span class="op">=</span> <span class="st">"episode-based"</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="op">)</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="va">y</span> <span class="op">&lt;-</span> <span class="va">df</span> <span class="op"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html" class="external-link">%&gt;%</a></span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/group_by.html" class="external-link">group_by</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">patient</span>, <span class="va">mo</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html" class="external-link">%&gt;%</a></span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html" class="external-link">filter</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="fu">is_new_episode</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">date</span>, <span class="fl">365</span><span class="op">)</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html" class="external-link">%&gt;%</a></span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/group_by.html" class="external-link">ungroup</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="op">)</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/identical.html" class="external-link">identical</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">x</span>, <span class="va">y</span><span class="op">)</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="op">}</span></span></span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> [1] FALSE</span>
<span class="r-in"><span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="co"># but is_new_episode() has a lot more flexibility than first_isolate(),</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="co"># since you can now group on anything that seems relevant:</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="kw">if</span> <span class="op">(</span><span class="kw"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html" class="external-link">require</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="st"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org" class="external-link">"dplyr"</a></span><span class="op">)</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op">{</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="va">df</span> <span class="op"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html" class="external-link">%&gt;%</a></span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/group_by.html" class="external-link">group_by</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">patient</span>, <span class="va">mo</span>, <span class="va">ward</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html" class="external-link">%&gt;%</a></span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html" class="external-link">mutate</a></span><span class="op">(</span>flag_episode <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu">is_new_episode</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">date</span>, <span class="fl">365</span><span class="op">)</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html" class="external-link">%&gt;%</a></span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/select.html" class="external-link">select</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="fu"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/group_data.html" class="external-link">group_vars</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">.</span><span class="op">)</span>, <span class="va">flag_episode</span><span class="op">)</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="op">}</span></span></span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;"># A tibble: 100 × 4</span></span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;"># Groups: patient, mo, ward [96]</span></span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> patient mo ward flag_episode</span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;chr&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;mo&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;chr&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;lgl&gt;</span> </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 1</span> E06844 B_STPHY_AURS ICU TRUE </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 2</span> 545388 B_KLBSL_PNMN Clinical TRUE </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 3</span> 208305 B_PROTS_MRBL Clinical TRUE </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 4</span> 990867 B_STPHY_AURS Clinical TRUE </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 5</span> F74F4C B_STRPT_PYGN Clinical TRUE </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 6</span> 340066 B_ESCHR_COLI Clinical TRUE </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 7</span> BB8157 B_STPHY_CONS Clinical TRUE </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 8</span> 533225 B_ESCHR_COLI Clinical TRUE </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 9</span> 023456 B_PROTS_MRBL Clinical TRUE </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;">10</span> B73393 B_STPHY_CONS ICU TRUE </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;"># 90 more rows</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="co"># }</span></span></span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
</main><aside class="col-md-3"><nav id="toc"><h2>On this page</h2>
</nav></aside></div>
<footer><div class="pkgdown-footer-left">
<p></p><p><code>AMR</code> (for R). Free and open-source, licenced under the <a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/msberends/AMR/blob/main/LICENSE" class="external-link">GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GPL-2)</a>.<br>Developed at the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.rug.nl" class="external-link">University of Groningen</a> and <a target="_blank" href="https://www.umcg.nl" class="external-link">University Medical Center Groningen</a> in The Netherlands.</p>
</div>
<div class="pkgdown-footer-right">
<p></p><p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.rug.nl" class="external-link"><img src="https://github.com/msberends/AMR/raw/main/pkgdown/logos/logo_rug.svg" style="max-width: 150px;"></a><a target="_blank" href="https://www.umcg.nl" class="external-link"><img src="https://github.com/msberends/AMR/raw/main/pkgdown/logos/logo_umcg.svg" style="max-width: 150px;"></a></p>
</div>
</footer></div>
</body></html>