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The get_episode() function returns the index number of the episode per group, while the is_new_episode() function returns values TRUE/FALSE to indicate whether an item in a vector is the start of a new episode."><title>Determine (New) Episodes for Patients — get_episode • AMR (for R)</title><!-- favicons --><link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="../favicon-16x16.png"><link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="../favicon-32x32.png"><link rel="apple-touch-icon" type="image/png" sizes="180x180" href="../apple-touch-icon.png"><link rel="apple-touch-icon" type="image/png" sizes="120x120" href="../apple-touch-icon-120x120.png"><link rel="apple-touch-icon" type="image/png" sizes="76x76" href="../apple-touch-icon-76x76.png"><link rel="apple-touch-icon" type="image/png" sizes="60x60" href="../apple-touch-icon-60x60.png"><script src="../deps/jquery-3.6.0/jquery-3.6.0.min.js"></script><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no"><link href="../deps/bootstrap-5.2.2/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"><script src="../deps/bootstrap-5.2.2/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script><link href="../deps/Fira_Code-0.4.4/font.css" rel="stylesheet"><!-- Font Awesome icons --><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/5.12.1/css/all.min.css" integrity="sha256-mmgLkCYLUQbXn0B1SRqzHar6dCnv9oZFPEC1g1cwlkk=" crossorigin="anonymous"><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/5.12.1/css/v4-shims.min.css" integrity="sha256-wZjR52fzng1pJHwx4aV2AO3yyTOXrcDW7jBpJtTwVxw=" crossorigin="anonymous"><!-- bootstrap-toc --><script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/afeld/bootstrap-toc@v1.0.1/dist/bootstrap-toc.min.js" integrity="sha256-4veVQbu7//Lk5TSmc7YV48MxtMy98e26cf5MrgZYnwo=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script><!-- headroom.js --><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/headroom/0.11.0/headroom.min.js" integrity="sha256-AsUX4SJE1+yuDu5+mAVzJbuYNPHj/WroHuZ8Ir/CkE0=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/headroom/0.11.0/jQuery.headroom.min.js" integrity="sha256-ZX/yNShbjqsohH1k95liqY9Gd8uOiE1S4vZc+9KQ1K4=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script><!-- clipboard.js --><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/clipboard.js/2.0.6/clipboard.min.js" integrity="sha256-inc5kl9MA1hkeYUt+EC3BhlIgyp/2jDIyBLS6k3UxPI=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script><!-- search --><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/fuse.js/6.4.6/fuse.js" integrity="sha512-zv6Ywkjyktsohkbp9bb45V6tEMoWhzFzXis+LrMehmJZZSys19Yxf1dopHx7WzIKxr5tK2dVcYmaCk2uqdjF4A==" crossorigin="anonymous"></script><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/autocomplete.js/0.38.0/autocomplete.jquery.min.js" integrity="sha512-GU9ayf+66Xx2TmpxqJpliWbT5PiGYxpaG8rfnBEk1LL8l1KGkRShhngwdXK1UgqhAzWpZHSiYPc09/NwDQIGyg==" crossorigin="anonymous"></script><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mark.js/8.11.1/mark.min.js" integrity="sha512-5CYOlHXGh6QpOFA/TeTylKLWfB3ftPsde7AnmhuitiTX4K5SqCLBeKro6sPS8ilsz1Q4NRx3v8Ko2IBiszzdww==" crossorigin="anonymous"></script><!-- pkgdown --><script src="../pkgdown.js"></script><link href="../extra.css" rel="stylesheet"><script src="../extra.js"></script><meta property="og:title" content="Determine (New) Episodes for Patients — get_episode"><meta property="og:description" content="These functions determine which items in a vector can be considered (the start of) a new episode, based on the argument episode_days. This can be used to determine clinical episodes for any epidemiological analysis. The get_episode() function returns the index number of the episode per group, while the is_new_episode() function returns values TRUE/FALSE to indicate whether an item in a vector is the start of a new episode."><meta property="og:image" content="https://msberends.github.io/AMR/logo.svg"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"><meta name="twitter:creator" content="@msberends"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@msberends"><!-- mathjax --><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.5/MathJax.js" integrity="sha256-nvJJv9wWKEm88qvoQl9ekL2J+k/RWIsaSScxxlsrv8k=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.5/config/TeX-AMS-MML_HTMLorMML.js" integrity="sha256-84DKXVJXs0/F8OTMzX4UR909+jtl4G7SPypPavF+GfA=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script><!--[if lt IE 9]>
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<img src="../logo.svg" class="logo" alt=""><h1>Determine (New) Episodes for Patients</h1>
<small class="dont-index">Source: <a href="https://github.com/msberends/AMR/blob/HEAD/R/episode.R" class="external-link"><code>R/episode.R</code></a></small>
<div class="d-none name"><code>get_episode.Rd</code></div>
</div>
<div class="ref-description section level2">
<p>These functions determine which items in a vector can be considered (the start of) a new episode, based on the argument <code>episode_days</code>. This can be used to determine clinical episodes for any epidemiological analysis. The <code>get_episode()</code> function returns the index number of the episode per group, while the <code>is_new_episode()</code> function returns values <code>TRUE</code>/<code>FALSE</code> to indicate whether an item in a vector is the start of a new episode.</p>
</div>
<div class="section level2">
<h2 id="ref-usage">Usage<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#ref-usage"></a></h2>
<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code><span><span class="fu">get_episode</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">x</span>, <span class="va">episode_days</span>, <span class="va">...</span><span class="op">)</span></span>
<span></span>
<span><span class="fu">is_new_episode</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">x</span>, <span class="va">episode_days</span>, <span class="va">...</span><span class="op">)</span></span></code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="section level2">
<h2 id="arguments">Arguments<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#arguments"></a></h2>
<dl><dt>x</dt>
<dd><p>vector of dates (class <code>Date</code> or <code>POSIXt</code>), will be sorted internally to determine episodes</p></dd>
<dt>episode_days</dt>
<dd><p>required episode length in days, can also be less than a day or <code>Inf</code>, see <em>Details</em></p></dd>
<dt>...</dt>
<dd><p>ignored, only in place to allow future extensions</p></dd>
</dl></div>
<div class="section level2">
<h2 id="value">Value<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#value"></a></h2>
<ul><li><p><code>get_episode()</code>: a <a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/double.html" class="external-link">double</a> vector</p></li>
<li><p><code>is_new_episode()</code>: a <a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/logical.html" class="external-link">logical</a> vector</p></li>
</ul></div>
<div class="section level2">
<h2 id="details">Details<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#details"></a></h2>
<p>Dates are first sorted from old to new. The oldest date will mark the start of the first episode. After this date, the next date will be marked that is at least <code>episode_days</code> days later than the start of the first episode. From that second marked date on, the next date will be marked that is at least <code>episode_days</code> days later than the start of the second episode which will be the start of the third episode, and so on. Before the vector is being returned, the original order will be restored.</p>
<p>The <code><a href="first_isolate.html">first_isolate()</a></code> function is a wrapper around the <code>is_new_episode()</code> function, but is more efficient for data sets containing microorganism codes or names and allows for different isolate selection methods.</p>
<p>The <code>dplyr</code> package is not required for these functions to work, but these functions do support <a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/group_by.html" class="external-link">variable grouping</a> and work conveniently inside <code>dplyr</code> verbs such as <code><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html" class="external-link">filter()</a></code>, <code><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html" class="external-link">mutate()</a></code> and <code><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/summarise.html" class="external-link">summarise()</a></code>.</p>
</div>
<div class="section level2">
<h2 id="see-also">See also<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#see-also"></a></h2>
<div class="dont-index"><p><code><a href="first_isolate.html">first_isolate()</a></code></p></div>
</div>
<div class="section level2">
<h2 id="ref-examples">Examples<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#ref-examples"></a></h2>
<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code><span class="r-in"><span><span class="co"># `example_isolates` is a data set available in the AMR package.</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="co"># See ?example_isolates</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="va">df</span> <span class="op">&lt;-</span> <span class="va">example_isolates</span><span class="op">[</span><span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/sample.html" class="external-link">sample</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/seq.html" class="external-link">seq_len</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="fl">2000</span><span class="op">)</span>, size <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fl">200</span><span class="op">)</span>, <span class="op">]</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="fu">get_episode</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">df</span><span class="op">$</span><span class="va">date</span>, episode_days <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fl">60</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="co"># indices</span></span></span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> [1] 63 57 48 42 9 59 28 19 62 54 15 56 19 61 26 5 7 28 34 1 8 49 33 4 38</span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> [26] 40 40 11 20 24 5 7 17 27 48 34 40 21 46 11 13 53 61 45 17 38 24 51 45 40</span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> [51] 28 27 15 14 57 13 59 50 2 39 61 15 49 39 24 48 9 25 63 12 39 55 15 27 32</span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> [76] 26 21 1 48 22 16 61 5 52 55 61 5 60 26 17 53 37 53 27 25 40 3 22 17 22</span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> [101] 55 28 26 18 3 30 9 27 2 29 4 60 3 15 28 62 14 20 23 55 51 23 31 63 19</span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> [126] 6 33 43 40 61 53 48 54 53 59 57 15 19 63 50 45 28 34 22 36 38 51 10 33 47</span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> [151] 9 44 32 41 51 35 48 23 2 44 16 3 8 41 5 51 39 26 41 62 30 58 47 45 56</span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> [176] 44 44 51 49 37 52 12 42 44 50 55 59 61 3 7 62 38 26 52 16 62 60 17 2 36</span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="fu">is_new_episode</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">df</span><span class="op">$</span><span class="va">date</span>, episode_days <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fl">60</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="co"># TRUE/FALSE</span></span></span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> [1] TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE TRUE</span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> [13] TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE TRUE FALSE TRUE FALSE FALSE</span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> [25] FALSE FALSE FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE</span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> [37] FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE FALSE TRUE FALSE TRUE TRUE TRUE FALSE FALSE</span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> [49] FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE TRUE FALSE TRUE FALSE FALSE TRUE TRUE</span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> [61] FALSE TRUE FALSE FALSE TRUE FALSE FALSE TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE</span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> [73] FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE TRUE FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE FALSE</span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> [85] TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE TRUE</span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> [97] FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE TRUE TRUE TRUE FALSE FALSE</span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> [109] FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE</span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> [121] TRUE TRUE TRUE FALSE FALSE TRUE TRUE TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE</span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> [133] TRUE FALSE FALSE TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE TRUE TRUE</span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> [145] TRUE FALSE FALSE TRUE FALSE FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE TRUE FALSE TRUE</span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> [157] FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE TRUE</span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> [169] FALSE TRUE FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE TRUE</span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> [181] TRUE TRUE TRUE FALSE TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE TRUE FALSE FALSE</span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> [193] FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE</span>
<span class="r-in"><span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="co"># filter on results from the third 60-day episode only, using base R</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="va">df</span><span class="op">[</span><span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/which.html" class="external-link">which</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="fu">get_episode</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">df</span><span class="op">$</span><span class="va">date</span>, <span class="fl">60</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op">==</span> <span class="fl">3</span><span class="op">)</span>, <span class="op">]</span></span></span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;"># A tibble: 5 × 46</span></span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> date patient age gender ward mo PEN OXA FLC AMX </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;date&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;chr&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;dbl&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;chr&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;chr&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;mo&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;rsi&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;rsi&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;rsi&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;rsi&gt;</span></span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;">1</span> 2002-11-11 D80753 74 F Outpatie… B_STPHY_CONS R NA R R </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;">2</span> 2002-10-11 974319 78 M Outpatie… B_MCRCCC S NA S NA </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;">3</span> 2002-10-11 871360 78 M Clinical B_STPHY_EPDR R NA S NA </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;">4</span> 2002-11-07 430011 82 F Clinical B_STPHY_CONS R NA R R </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;">5</span> 2002-11-18 956065 89 F Clinical B_ESCHR_COLI R NA NA NA </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;"># … with 36 more variables: AMC &lt;rsi&gt;, AMP &lt;rsi&gt;, TZP &lt;rsi&gt;, CZO &lt;rsi&gt;,</span></span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;"># FEP &lt;rsi&gt;, CXM &lt;rsi&gt;, FOX &lt;rsi&gt;, CTX &lt;rsi&gt;, CAZ &lt;rsi&gt;, CRO &lt;rsi&gt;,</span></span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;"># GEN &lt;rsi&gt;, TOB &lt;rsi&gt;, AMK &lt;rsi&gt;, KAN &lt;rsi&gt;, TMP &lt;rsi&gt;, SXT &lt;rsi&gt;,</span></span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;"># NIT &lt;rsi&gt;, FOS &lt;rsi&gt;, LNZ &lt;rsi&gt;, CIP &lt;rsi&gt;, MFX &lt;rsi&gt;, VAN &lt;rsi&gt;,</span></span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;"># TEC &lt;rsi&gt;, TCY &lt;rsi&gt;, TGC &lt;rsi&gt;, DOX &lt;rsi&gt;, ERY &lt;rsi&gt;, CLI &lt;rsi&gt;,</span></span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;"># AZM &lt;rsi&gt;, IPM &lt;rsi&gt;, MEM &lt;rsi&gt;, MTR &lt;rsi&gt;, CHL &lt;rsi&gt;, COL &lt;rsi&gt;,</span></span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;"># MUP &lt;rsi&gt;, RIF &lt;rsi&gt;</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="co"># the functions also work for less than a day, e.g. to include one per hour:</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="fu">get_episode</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html" class="external-link">c</a></span><span class="op">(</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/Sys.time.html" class="external-link">Sys.time</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="op">)</span>,</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/Sys.time.html" class="external-link">Sys.time</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op">+</span> <span class="fl">60</span> <span class="op">*</span> <span class="fl">60</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="op">)</span>,</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span>episode_days <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fl">1</span> <span class="op">/</span> <span class="fl">24</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="op">)</span></span></span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> [1] 1 2</span>
<span class="r-in"><span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="co"># \donttest{</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="kw">if</span> <span class="op">(</span><span class="kw"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html" class="external-link">require</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="st"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org" class="external-link">"dplyr"</a></span><span class="op">)</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op">{</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="co"># is_new_episode() can also be used in dplyr verbs to determine patient</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="co"># episodes based on any (combination of) grouping variables:</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="va">df</span> <span class="op"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html" class="external-link">%&gt;%</a></span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html" class="external-link">mutate</a></span><span class="op">(</span>condition <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/sample.html" class="external-link">sample</a></span><span class="op">(</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> x <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html" class="external-link">c</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="st">"A"</span>, <span class="st">"B"</span>, <span class="st">"C"</span><span class="op">)</span>,</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> size <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fl">200</span>,</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> replace <span class="op">=</span> <span class="cn">TRUE</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="op">)</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html" class="external-link">%&gt;%</a></span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/group_by.html" class="external-link">group_by</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">condition</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html" class="external-link">%&gt;%</a></span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html" class="external-link">mutate</a></span><span class="op">(</span>new_episode <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu">is_new_episode</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">date</span>, <span class="fl">365</span><span class="op">)</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html" class="external-link">%&gt;%</a></span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/select.html" class="external-link">select</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">patient</span>, <span class="va">date</span>, <span class="va">condition</span>, <span class="va">new_episode</span><span class="op">)</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="op">}</span></span></span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;"># A tibble: 200 × 4</span></span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;"># Groups: condition [3]</span></span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> patient date condition new_episode</span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;chr&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;date&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;chr&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;lgl&gt;</span> </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 1</span> 871020 2017-07-20 C FALSE </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 2</span> 3B8892 2016-05-02 C FALSE </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 3</span> 479516 2013-09-30 C TRUE </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 4</span> 116866 2011-11-07 B FALSE </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 5</span> A97510 2004-04-29 B FALSE </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 6</span> 5C1947 2016-08-08 C FALSE </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 7</span> 533225 2008-10-01 A FALSE </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 8</span> 3CF3C4 2006-06-26 C FALSE </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 9</span> BF4515 2017-06-12 B TRUE </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;">10</span> A76045 2015-10-06 B FALSE </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;"># … with 190 more rows</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="kw">if</span> <span class="op">(</span><span class="kw"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html" class="external-link">require</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="st"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org" class="external-link">"dplyr"</a></span><span class="op">)</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op">{</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="va">df</span> <span class="op"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html" class="external-link">%&gt;%</a></span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/group_by.html" class="external-link">group_by</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">ward</span>, <span class="va">patient</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html" class="external-link">%&gt;%</a></span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html" class="external-link">transmute</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">date</span>,</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="va">patient</span>,</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> new_index <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu">get_episode</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">date</span>, <span class="fl">60</span><span class="op">)</span>,</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> new_logical <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu">is_new_episode</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">date</span>, <span class="fl">60</span><span class="op">)</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="op">)</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="op">}</span></span></span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;"># A tibble: 200 × 5</span></span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;"># Groups: ward, patient [184]</span></span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> ward date patient new_index new_logical</span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;chr&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;date&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;chr&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;dbl&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;lgl&gt;</span> </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 1</span> Clinical 2017-07-20 871020 1 TRUE </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 2</span> ICU 2016-05-02 3B8892 1 TRUE </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 3</span> Clinical 2013-09-30 479516 1 TRUE </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 4</span> Clinical 2011-11-07 116866 1 TRUE </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 5</span> Clinical 2004-04-29 A97510 1 TRUE </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 6</span> Clinical 2016-08-08 5C1947 1 TRUE </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 7</span> Clinical 2008-10-01 533225 1 TRUE </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 8</span> Clinical 2006-06-26 3CF3C4 1 TRUE </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 9</span> Clinical 2017-06-12 BF4515 1 TRUE </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;">10</span> ICU 2015-10-06 A76045 1 TRUE </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;"># … with 190 more rows</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="kw">if</span> <span class="op">(</span><span class="kw"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html" class="external-link">require</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="st"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org" class="external-link">"dplyr"</a></span><span class="op">)</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op">{</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="va">df</span> <span class="op"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html" class="external-link">%&gt;%</a></span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/group_by.html" class="external-link">group_by</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">ward</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html" class="external-link">%&gt;%</a></span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/summarise.html" class="external-link">summarise</a></span><span class="op">(</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> n_patients <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/n_distinct.html" class="external-link">n_distinct</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">patient</span><span class="op">)</span>,</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> n_episodes_365 <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/sum.html" class="external-link">sum</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="fu">is_new_episode</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">date</span>, episode_days <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fl">365</span><span class="op">)</span><span class="op">)</span>,</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> n_episodes_60 <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/sum.html" class="external-link">sum</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="fu">is_new_episode</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">date</span>, episode_days <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fl">60</span><span class="op">)</span><span class="op">)</span>,</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> n_episodes_30 <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/sum.html" class="external-link">sum</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="fu">is_new_episode</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">date</span>, episode_days <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fl">30</span><span class="op">)</span><span class="op">)</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="op">)</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="op">}</span></span></span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;"># A tibble: 3 × 5</span></span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> ward n_patients n_episodes_365 n_episodes_60 n_episodes_30</span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;chr&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;int&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;int&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;int&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;int&gt;</span></span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;">1</span> Clinical 119 14 52 73</span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;">2</span> ICU 56 11 38 43</span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;">3</span> Outpatient 9 3 7 8</span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="kw">if</span> <span class="op">(</span><span class="kw"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html" class="external-link">require</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="st"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org" class="external-link">"dplyr"</a></span><span class="op">)</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op">{</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="co"># grouping on patients and microorganisms leads to the same</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="co"># results as first_isolate() when using 'episode-based':</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="va">x</span> <span class="op">&lt;-</span> <span class="va">df</span> <span class="op"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html" class="external-link">%&gt;%</a></span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="fu"><a href="first_isolate.html">filter_first_isolate</a></span><span class="op">(</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> include_unknown <span class="op">=</span> <span class="cn">TRUE</span>,</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> method <span class="op">=</span> <span class="st">"episode-based"</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="op">)</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="va">y</span> <span class="op">&lt;-</span> <span class="va">df</span> <span class="op"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html" class="external-link">%&gt;%</a></span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/group_by.html" class="external-link">group_by</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">patient</span>, <span class="va">mo</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html" class="external-link">%&gt;%</a></span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/filter.html" class="external-link">filter</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="fu">is_new_episode</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">date</span>, <span class="fl">365</span><span class="op">)</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html" class="external-link">%&gt;%</a></span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/group_by.html" class="external-link">ungroup</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="op">)</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/identical.html" class="external-link">identical</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">x</span>, <span class="va">y</span><span class="op">)</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="op">}</span></span></span>
<span class="r-msg co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> Including isolates from ICU.</span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> [1] FALSE</span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="kw">if</span> <span class="op">(</span><span class="kw"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html" class="external-link">require</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="st"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org" class="external-link">"dplyr"</a></span><span class="op">)</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op">{</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="co"># but is_new_episode() has a lot more flexibility than first_isolate(),</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="co"># since you can now group on anything that seems relevant:</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="va">df</span> <span class="op"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html" class="external-link">%&gt;%</a></span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/group_by.html" class="external-link">group_by</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">patient</span>, <span class="va">mo</span>, <span class="va">ward</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html" class="external-link">%&gt;%</a></span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html" class="external-link">mutate</a></span><span class="op">(</span>flag_episode <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu">is_new_episode</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">date</span>, <span class="fl">365</span><span class="op">)</span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="op"><a href="https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/reference/pipe.html" class="external-link">%&gt;%</a></span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/select.html" class="external-link">select</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="fu"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/group_data.html" class="external-link">group_vars</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">.</span><span class="op">)</span>, <span class="va">flag_episode</span><span class="op">)</span></span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="op">}</span></span></span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;"># A tibble: 200 × 4</span></span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;"># Groups: patient, mo, ward [189]</span></span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> patient mo ward flag_episode</span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;chr&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;mo&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;chr&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494; font-style: italic;">&lt;lgl&gt;</span> </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 1</span> 871020 B_STPHY_HMNS Clinical TRUE </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 2</span> 3B8892 B_ESCHR_COLI ICU TRUE </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 3</span> 479516 B_STPHY_HMNS Clinical TRUE </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 4</span> 116866 B_STPHY_CONS Clinical TRUE </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 5</span> A97510 B_STPHY_AURS Clinical TRUE </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 6</span> 5C1947 B_ESCHR_COLI Clinical TRUE </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 7</span> 533225 B_ESCHR_COLI Clinical TRUE </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 8</span> 3CF3C4 B_STPHY_CONS Clinical TRUE </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;"> 9</span> BF4515 B_ESCHR_COLI Clinical TRUE </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #BCBCBC;">10</span> A76045 B_DRMBC_HMNS ICU TRUE </span>
<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> <span style="color: #949494;"># … with 190 more rows</span></span>
<span class="r-in"><span><span class="co"># }</span></span></span>
</code></pre></div>
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