P281424
/
AMR
mirror of https://github.com/msberends/AMR.git
1
0
Fork 0
Code Releases Activity
AMR/docs/reference/as.rsi.html

533 lines
41 KiB
HTML
Raw Blame History

<!-- Generated by pkgdown: do not edit by hand -->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Interpret MIC and Disk Values, or Clean Raw R/SI Data — as.rsi • AMR (for R)</title>
<!-- favicons -->
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="../favicon-16x16.png">
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="../favicon-32x32.png">
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" type="image/png" sizes="180x180" href="../apple-touch-icon.png" />
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" type="image/png" sizes="120x120" href="../apple-touch-icon-120x120.png" />
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" type="image/png" sizes="76x76" href="../apple-touch-icon-76x76.png" />
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" type="image/png" sizes="60x60" href="../apple-touch-icon-60x60.png" />
<!-- jquery -->
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.4.1/jquery.min.js" integrity="sha256-CSXorXvZcTkaix6Yvo6HppcZGetbYMGWSFlBw8HfCJo=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<!-- Bootstrap -->
<link href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/bootswatch/3.4.0/flatly/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet" crossorigin="anonymous" />
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/3.4.1/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha256-nuL8/2cJ5NDSSwnKD8VqreErSWHtnEP9E7AySL+1ev4=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<!-- bootstrap-toc -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../bootstrap-toc.css">
<script src="../bootstrap-toc.js"></script>
<!-- Font Awesome icons -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/5.12.1/css/all.min.css" integrity="sha256-mmgLkCYLUQbXn0B1SRqzHar6dCnv9oZFPEC1g1cwlkk=" crossorigin="anonymous" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/5.12.1/css/v4-shims.min.css" integrity="sha256-wZjR52fzng1pJHwx4aV2AO3yyTOXrcDW7jBpJtTwVxw=" crossorigin="anonymous" />
<!-- clipboard.js -->
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/clipboard.js/2.0.6/clipboard.min.js" integrity="sha256-inc5kl9MA1hkeYUt+EC3BhlIgyp/2jDIyBLS6k3UxPI=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<!-- headroom.js -->
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/headroom/0.11.0/headroom.min.js" integrity="sha256-AsUX4SJE1+yuDu5+mAVzJbuYNPHj/WroHuZ8Ir/CkE0=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/headroom/0.11.0/jQuery.headroom.min.js" integrity="sha256-ZX/yNShbjqsohH1k95liqY9Gd8uOiE1S4vZc+9KQ1K4=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<!-- pkgdown -->
<link href="../pkgdown.css" rel="stylesheet">
<script src="../pkgdown.js"></script>
<link href="../extra.css" rel="stylesheet">
<script src="../extra.js"></script>
<meta property="og:title" content="Interpret MIC and Disk Values, or Clean Raw R/SI Data — as.rsi" />
<meta property="og:description" content="Interpret minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values and disk diffusion diameters according to EUCAST or CLSI, or clean up existing R/SI values. This transforms the input to a new class rsi, which is an ordered factor with levels S &amp;lt; I &amp;lt; R." />
<meta property="og:image" content="https://msberends.github.io/AMR/logo.png" />
<!-- mathjax -->
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.5/MathJax.js" integrity="sha256-nvJJv9wWKEm88qvoQl9ekL2J+k/RWIsaSScxxlsrv8k=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.5/config/TeX-AMS-MML_HTMLorMML.js" integrity="sha256-84DKXVJXs0/F8OTMzX4UR909+jtl4G7SPypPavF+GfA=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<!--[if lt IE 9]>
<script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/html5shiv/3.7.3/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/respond/1.4.2/respond.min.js"></script>
<![endif]-->
</head>
<body data-spy="scroll" data-target="#toc">
<div class="container template-reference-topic">
<header>
<div class="navbar navbar-default navbar-fixed-top" role="navigation">
<div class="container">
<div class="navbar-header">
<button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbar" aria-expanded="false">
<span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
</button>
<span class="navbar-brand">
<a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">AMR (for R)</a>
<span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Latest development version">1.6.0.9055</span>
</span>
</div>
<div id="navbar" class="navbar-collapse collapse">
<ul class="nav navbar-nav">
<li>
<a href="../index.html">
<span class="fas fa-home"></span>
Home
</a>
</li>
<li class="dropdown">
<a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-expanded="false">
<span class="fas fa-question-circle"></span>
How to
<span class="caret"></span>
</a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu">
<li>
<a href="../articles/AMR.html">
<span class="fas fa-directions"></span>
Conduct AMR analysis
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../articles/resistance_predict.html">
<span class="fas fa-dice"></span>
Predict antimicrobial resistance
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../articles/datasets.html">
<span class="fas fa-database"></span>
Data sets for download / own use
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../articles/PCA.html">
<span class="fas fa-compress"></span>
Conduct principal component analysis for AMR
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../articles/MDR.html">
<span class="fas fa-skull-crossbones"></span>
Determine multi-drug resistance (MDR)
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../articles/WHONET.html">
<span class="fas fa-globe-americas"></span>
Work with WHONET data
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../articles/SPSS.html">
<span class="fas fa-file-upload"></span>
Import data from SPSS/SAS/Stata
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../articles/EUCAST.html">
<span class="fas fa-exchange-alt"></span>
Apply EUCAST rules
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../reference/mo_property.html">
<span class="fas fa-bug"></span>
Get properties of a microorganism
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../reference/ab_property.html">
<span class="fas fa-capsules"></span>
Get properties of an antibiotic
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../articles/benchmarks.html">
<span class="fas fa-shipping-fast"></span>
Other: benchmarks
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../reference/index.html">
<span class="fas fa-book-open"></span>
Manual
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../authors.html">
<span class="fas fa-users"></span>
Authors
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../news/index.html">
<span class="far fa-newspaper"></span>
Changelog
</a>
</li>
</ul>
<ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
<li>
<a href="https://github.com/msberends/AMR">
<span class="fab fa-github"></span>
Source Code
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../survey.html">
<span class="fas fa-clipboard-list"></span>
Survey
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div><!--/.nav-collapse -->
</div><!--/.container -->
</div><!--/.navbar -->
</header>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-9 contents">
<div class="page-header">
<h1>Interpret MIC and Disk Values, or Clean Raw R/SI Data</h1>
<small class="dont-index">Source: <a href='https://github.com/msberends/AMR/blob/master/R/rsi.R'><code>R/rsi.R</code></a></small>
<div class="hidden name"><code>as.rsi.Rd</code></div>
</div>
<div class="ref-description">
<p>Interpret minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values and disk diffusion diameters according to EUCAST or CLSI, or clean up existing R/SI values. This transforms the input to a new class <code>rsi</code>, which is an ordered <a href='https://rdrr.io/r/base/factor.html'>factor</a> with levels <code>S &lt; I &lt; R</code>.</p>
</div>
<pre class="usage"><span class='fu'>as.rsi</span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='va'>x</span>, <span class='va'>...</span><span class='op'>)</span>
<span class='fu'>is.rsi</span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='va'>x</span><span class='op'>)</span>
<span class='fu'>is.rsi.eligible</span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='va'>x</span>, threshold <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='fl'>0.05</span><span class='op'>)</span>
<span class='co'># S3 method for mic</span>
<span class='fu'>as.rsi</span><span class='op'>(</span>
<span class='va'>x</span>,
mo <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='cn'>NULL</span>,
ab <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='fu'><a href='https://rdrr.io/r/base/deparse.html'>deparse</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='fu'><a href='https://rdrr.io/r/base/substitute.html'>substitute</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='va'>x</span><span class='op'>)</span><span class='op'>)</span>,
guideline <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='st'>"EUCAST"</span>,
uti <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='cn'>FALSE</span>,
conserve_capped_values <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='cn'>FALSE</span>,
add_intrinsic_resistance <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='cn'>FALSE</span>,
reference_data <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='fu'>AMR</span><span class='fu'>::</span><span class='va'><a href='rsi_translation.html'>rsi_translation</a></span>,
<span class='va'>...</span>
<span class='op'>)</span>
<span class='co'># S3 method for disk</span>
<span class='fu'>as.rsi</span><span class='op'>(</span>
<span class='va'>x</span>,
mo <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='cn'>NULL</span>,
ab <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='fu'><a href='https://rdrr.io/r/base/deparse.html'>deparse</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='fu'><a href='https://rdrr.io/r/base/substitute.html'>substitute</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='va'>x</span><span class='op'>)</span><span class='op'>)</span>,
guideline <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='st'>"EUCAST"</span>,
uti <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='cn'>FALSE</span>,
add_intrinsic_resistance <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='cn'>FALSE</span>,
reference_data <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='fu'>AMR</span><span class='fu'>::</span><span class='va'><a href='rsi_translation.html'>rsi_translation</a></span>,
<span class='va'>...</span>
<span class='op'>)</span>
<span class='co'># S3 method for data.frame</span>
<span class='fu'>as.rsi</span><span class='op'>(</span>
<span class='va'>x</span>,
<span class='va'>...</span>,
col_mo <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='cn'>NULL</span>,
guideline <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='st'>"EUCAST"</span>,
uti <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='cn'>NULL</span>,
conserve_capped_values <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='cn'>FALSE</span>,
add_intrinsic_resistance <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='cn'>FALSE</span>,
reference_data <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='fu'>AMR</span><span class='fu'>::</span><span class='va'><a href='rsi_translation.html'>rsi_translation</a></span>
<span class='op'>)</span></pre>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="arguments"><a class="anchor" href="#arguments"></a>Arguments</h2>
<table class="ref-arguments">
<colgroup><col class="name" /><col class="desc" /></colgroup>
<tr>
<th>x</th>
<td><p>vector of values (for class <code><a href='as.mic.html'>mic</a></code>: MIC values in mg/L, for class <code><a href='as.disk.html'>disk</a></code>: a disk diffusion radius in millimetres)</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>...</th>
<td><p>for using on a <a href='https://rdrr.io/r/base/data.frame.html'>data.frame</a>: names of columns to apply <code>as.rsi()</code> on (supports tidy selection like <code>AMX:VAN</code>). Otherwise: arguments passed on to methods.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>threshold</th>
<td><p>maximum fraction of invalid antimicrobial interpretations of <code>x</code>, see <em>Examples</em></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>mo</th>
<td><p>any (vector of) text that can be coerced to valid microorganism codes with <code><a href='as.mo.html'>as.mo()</a></code>, can be left empty to determine it automatically</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>ab</th>
<td><p>any (vector of) text that can be coerced to a valid antimicrobial code with <code><a href='as.ab.html'>as.ab()</a></code></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>guideline</th>
<td><p>defaults to the latest included EUCAST guideline, see <em>Details</em> for all options</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>uti</th>
<td><p>(Urinary Tract Infection) A vector with <a href='https://rdrr.io/r/base/logical.html'>logical</a>s (<code>TRUE</code> or <code>FALSE</code>) to specify whether a UTI specific interpretation from the guideline should be chosen. For using <code>as.rsi()</code> on a <a href='https://rdrr.io/r/base/data.frame.html'>data.frame</a>, this can also be a column containing <a href='https://rdrr.io/r/base/logical.html'>logical</a>s or when left blank, the data set will be searched for a column 'specimen', and rows within this column containing 'urin' (such as 'urine', 'urina') will be regarded isolates from a UTI. See <em>Examples</em>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>conserve_capped_values</th>
<td><p>a <a href='https://rdrr.io/r/base/logical.html'>logical</a> to indicate that MIC values starting with <code>"&gt;"</code> (but not <code>"&gt;="</code>) must always return "R" , and that MIC values starting with <code>"&lt;"</code> (but not <code>"&lt;="</code>) must always return "S"</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>add_intrinsic_resistance</th>
<td><p><em>(only useful when using a EUCAST guideline)</em> a <a href='https://rdrr.io/r/base/logical.html'>logical</a> to indicate whether intrinsic antibiotic resistance must also be considered for applicable bug-drug combinations, meaning that e.g. ampicillin will always return "R" in <em>Klebsiella</em> species. Determination is based on the <a href='intrinsic_resistant.html'>intrinsic_resistant</a> data set, that itself is based on <a href='https://www.eucast.org/expert_rules_and_intrinsic_resistance/'>'EUCAST Expert Rules' and 'EUCAST Intrinsic Resistance and Unusual Phenotypes' v3.2</a> (2020).</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>reference_data</th>
<td><p>a <a href='https://rdrr.io/r/base/data.frame.html'>data.frame</a> to be used for interpretation, which defaults to the <a href='rsi_translation.html'>rsi_translation</a> data set. Changing this argument allows for using own interpretation guidelines. This argument must contain a data set that is equal in structure to the <a href='rsi_translation.html'>rsi_translation</a> data set (same column names and column types). Please note that the <code>guideline</code> argument will be ignored when <code>reference_data</code> is manually set.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>col_mo</th>
<td><p>column name of the IDs of the microorganisms (see <code><a href='as.mo.html'>as.mo()</a></code>), defaults to the first column of class <code><a href='as.mo.html'>mo</a></code>. Values will be coerced using <code><a href='as.mo.html'>as.mo()</a></code>.</p></td>
</tr>
</table>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="value"><a class="anchor" href="#value"></a>Value</h2>
<p>Ordered <a href='https://rdrr.io/r/base/factor.html'>factor</a> with new class <code>&lt;rsi&gt;</code></p>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="details"><a class="anchor" href="#details"></a>Details</h2>
<h3 class='hasAnchor' id='arguments'><a class='anchor' href='#arguments'></a>How it Works</h3>
<p>The <code>as.rsi()</code> function works in four ways:</p><ol>
<li><p>For <strong>cleaning raw / untransformed data</strong>. The data will be cleaned to only contain values S, I and R and will try its best to determine this with some intelligence. For example, mixed values with R/SI interpretations and MIC values such as <code>"&lt;0.25; S"</code> will be coerced to <code>"S"</code>. Combined interpretations for multiple test methods (as seen in laboratory records) such as <code>"S; S"</code> will be coerced to <code>"S"</code>, but a value like <code>"S; I"</code> will return <code>NA</code> with a warning that the input is unclear.</p></li>
<li><p>For <strong>interpreting minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values</strong> according to EUCAST or CLSI. You must clean your MIC values first using <code><a href='as.mic.html'>as.mic()</a></code>, that also gives your columns the new data class <code><a href='as.mic.html'>mic</a></code>. Also, be sure to have a column with microorganism names or codes. It will be found automatically, but can be set manually using the <code>mo</code> argument.</p><ul>
<li><p>Using <code>dplyr</code>, R/SI interpretation can be done very easily with either:</p><pre><span class='va'>your_data</span> <span class='op'>%&gt;%</span> <span class='fu'><a href='https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate_all.html'>mutate_if</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='va'>is.mic</span>, <span class='va'>as.rsi</span><span class='op'>)</span> <span class='co'># until dplyr 1.0.0</span>
<span class='va'>your_data</span> <span class='op'>%&gt;%</span> <span class='fu'><a href='https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html'>mutate</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='fu'><a href='https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/across.html'>across</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='fu'>where</span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='va'>is.mic</span><span class='op'>)</span>, <span class='va'>as.rsi</span><span class='op'>)</span><span class='op'>)</span> <span class='co'># since dplyr 1.0.0</span>
</pre></li>
<li><p>Operators like "&lt;=" will be stripped before interpretation. When using <code>conserve_capped_values = TRUE</code>, an MIC value of e.g. "&gt;2" will always return "R", even if the breakpoint according to the chosen guideline is "&gt;=4". This is to prevent that capped values from raw laboratory data would not be treated conservatively. The default behaviour (<code>conserve_capped_values = FALSE</code>) considers "&gt;2" to be lower than "&gt;=4" and might in this case return "S" or "I".</p></li>
</ul></li>
<li><p>For <strong>interpreting disk diffusion diameters</strong> according to EUCAST or CLSI. You must clean your disk zones first using <code><a href='as.disk.html'>as.disk()</a></code>, that also gives your columns the new data class <code><a href='as.disk.html'>disk</a></code>. Also, be sure to have a column with microorganism names or codes. It will be found automatically, but can be set manually using the <code>mo</code> argument.</p><ul>
<li><p>Using <code>dplyr</code>, R/SI interpretation can be done very easily with either:</p><pre><span class='va'>your_data</span> <span class='op'>%&gt;%</span> <span class='fu'><a href='https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate_all.html'>mutate_if</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='va'>is.disk</span>, <span class='va'>as.rsi</span><span class='op'>)</span> <span class='co'># until dplyr 1.0.0</span>
<span class='va'>your_data</span> <span class='op'>%&gt;%</span> <span class='fu'><a href='https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html'>mutate</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='fu'><a href='https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/across.html'>across</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='fu'>where</span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='va'>is.disk</span><span class='op'>)</span>, <span class='va'>as.rsi</span><span class='op'>)</span><span class='op'>)</span> <span class='co'># since dplyr 1.0.0</span>
</pre></li>
</ul></li>
<li><p>For <strong>interpreting a complete data set</strong>, with automatic determination of MIC values, disk diffusion diameters, microorganism names or codes, and antimicrobial test results. This is done very simply by running <code>as.rsi(data)</code>.</p></li>
</ol>
<h3 class='hasAnchor' id='arguments'><a class='anchor' href='#arguments'></a>Supported Guidelines</h3>
<p>For interpreting MIC values as well as disk diffusion diameters, currently supported guidelines to be used as input for the <code>guideline</code> argument are: "EUCAST 2021", "EUCAST 2020", "EUCAST 2019", "EUCAST 2018", "EUCAST 2017", "EUCAST 2016", "EUCAST 2015", "EUCAST 2014", "EUCAST 2013", "EUCAST 2012", "EUCAST 2011", "CLSI 2019", "CLSI 2018", "CLSI 2017", "CLSI 2016", "CLSI 2015", "CLSI 2014", "CLSI 2013", "CLSI 2012", "CLSI 2011" and "CLSI 2010".</p>
<p>Simply using <code>"CLSI"</code> or <code>"EUCAST"</code> as input will automatically select the latest version of that guideline. You can set your own data set using the <code>reference_data</code> argument. The <code>guideline</code> argument will then be ignored.</p>
<h3 class='hasAnchor' id='arguments'><a class='anchor' href='#arguments'></a>After Interpretation</h3>
<p>After using <code>as.rsi()</code>, you can use the <code><a href='eucast_rules.html'>eucast_rules()</a></code> defined by EUCAST to (1) apply inferred susceptibility and resistance based on results of other antimicrobials and (2) apply intrinsic resistance based on taxonomic properties of a microorganism.</p>
<h3 class='hasAnchor' id='arguments'><a class='anchor' href='#arguments'></a>Machine-Readable Interpretation Guidelines</h3>
<p>The repository of this package <a href='https://github.com/msberends/AMR/blob/master/data-raw/rsi_translation.txt'>contains a machine-readable version</a> of all guidelines. This is a CSV file consisting of 20,486 rows and 10 columns. This file is machine-readable, since it contains one row for every unique combination of the test method (MIC or disk diffusion), the antimicrobial agent and the microorganism. <strong>This allows for easy implementation of these rules in laboratory information systems (LIS)</strong>. Note that it only contains interpretation guidelines for humans - interpretation guidelines from CLSI for animals were removed.</p>
<h3 class='hasAnchor' id='arguments'><a class='anchor' href='#arguments'></a>Other</h3>
<p>The function <code>is.rsi()</code> detects if the input contains class <code>&lt;rsi&gt;</code>. If the input is a <a href='https://rdrr.io/r/base/data.frame.html'>data.frame</a>, it iterates over all columns and returns a <a href='https://rdrr.io/r/base/logical.html'>logical</a> vector.</p>
<p>The function <code>is.rsi.eligible()</code> returns <code>TRUE</code> when a columns contains at most 5% invalid antimicrobial interpretations (not S and/or I and/or R), and <code>FALSE</code> otherwise. The threshold of 5% can be set with the <code>threshold</code> argument. If the input is a <a href='https://rdrr.io/r/base/data.frame.html'>data.frame</a>, it iterates over all columns and returns a <a href='https://rdrr.io/r/base/logical.html'>logical</a> vector.</p>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="interpretation-of-r-and-s-i"><a class="anchor" href="#interpretation-of-r-and-s-i"></a>Interpretation of R and S/I</h2>
<p>In 2019, the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) has decided to change the definitions of susceptibility testing categories R and S/I as shown below (<a href='https://www.eucast.org/newsiandr/'>https://www.eucast.org/newsiandr/</a>).</p><ul>
<li><p><strong>R = Resistant</strong><br />
A microorganism is categorised as <em>Resistant</em> when there is a high likelihood of therapeutic failure even when there is increased exposure. Exposure is a function of how the mode of administration, dose, dosing interval, infusion time, as well as distribution and excretion of the antimicrobial agent will influence the infecting organism at the site of infection.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>S = Susceptible</strong><br />
A microorganism is categorised as <em>Susceptible, standard dosing regimen</em>, when there is a high likelihood of therapeutic success using a standard dosing regimen of the agent.</p></li>
<li><p><strong>I = Increased exposure, but still susceptible</strong><br />
A microorganism is categorised as <em>Susceptible, Increased exposure</em> when there is a high likelihood of therapeutic success because exposure to the agent is increased by adjusting the dosing regimen or by its concentration at the site of infection.</p></li>
</ul>
<p>This AMR package honours this new insight. Use <code><a href='proportion.html'>susceptibility()</a></code> (equal to <code><a href='proportion.html'>proportion_SI()</a></code>) to determine antimicrobial susceptibility and <code><a href='count.html'>count_susceptible()</a></code> (equal to <code><a href='count.html'>count_SI()</a></code>) to count susceptible isolates.</p>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="stable-lifecycle"><a class="anchor" href="#stable-lifecycle"></a>Stable Lifecycle</h2>
<p><img src='figures/lifecycle_stable.svg' style=margin-bottom:5px /> <br />
The <a href='lifecycle.html'>lifecycle</a> of this function is <strong>stable</strong>. In a stable function, major changes are unlikely. This means that the unlying code will generally evolve by adding new arguments; removing arguments or changing the meaning of existing arguments will be avoided.</p>
<p>If the unlying code needs breaking changes, they will occur gradually. For example, a argument will be deprecated and first continue to work, but will emit an message informing you of the change. Next, typically after at least one newly released version on CRAN, the message will be transformed to an error.</p>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="reference-data-publicly-available"><a class="anchor" href="#reference-data-publicly-available"></a>Reference Data Publicly Available</h2>
<p>All reference data sets (about microorganisms, antibiotics, R/SI interpretation, EUCAST rules, etc.) in this <code>AMR</code> package are publicly and freely available. We continually export our data sets to formats for use in R, SPSS, SAS, Stata and Excel. We also supply flat files that are machine-readable and suitable for input in any software program, such as laboratory information systems. Please find <a href='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/datasets.html'>all download links on our website</a>, which is automatically updated with every code change.</p>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="read-more-on-our-website-"><a class="anchor" href="#read-more-on-our-website-"></a>Read more on Our Website!</h2>
<p>On our website <a href='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/'>https://msberends.github.io/AMR/</a> you can find <a href='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/AMR.html'>a comprehensive tutorial</a> about how to conduct AMR data analysis, the <a href='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/reference/'>complete documentation of all functions</a> and <a href='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/WHONET.html'>an example analysis using WHONET data</a>. As we would like to better understand the backgrounds and needs of our users, please <a href='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/survey.html'>participate in our survey</a>!</p>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="see-also"><a class="anchor" href="#see-also"></a>See also</h2>
<div class='dont-index'><p><code><a href='as.mic.html'>as.mic()</a></code>, <code><a href='as.disk.html'>as.disk()</a></code>, <code><a href='as.mo.html'>as.mo()</a></code></p></div>
<h2 class="hasAnchor" id="examples"><a class="anchor" href="#examples"></a>Examples</h2>
<pre class="examples"><span class='fu'><a href='https://rdrr.io/r/base/summary.html'>summary</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='va'>example_isolates</span><span class='op'>)</span> <span class='co'># see all R/SI results at a glance</span>
<span class='kw'>if</span> <span class='op'>(</span><span class='kw'><a href='https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html'>require</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='st'><a href='https://docs.ropensci.org/skimr/'>"skimr"</a></span><span class='op'>)</span><span class='op'>)</span> <span class='op'>{</span>
<span class='co'># class &lt;rsi&gt; supported in skim() too:</span>
<span class='fu'><a href='https://docs.ropensci.org/skimr/reference/skim.html'>skim</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='va'>example_isolates</span><span class='op'>)</span>
<span class='op'>}</span>
<span class='co'># For INTERPRETING disk diffusion and MIC values -----------------------</span>
<span class='co'># a whole data set, even with combined MIC values and disk zones</span>
<span class='va'>df</span> <span class='op'>&lt;-</span> <span class='fu'><a href='https://rdrr.io/r/base/data.frame.html'>data.frame</a></span><span class='op'>(</span>microorganism <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='st'>"Escherichia coli"</span>,
AMP <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='fu'><a href='as.mic.html'>as.mic</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='fl'>8</span><span class='op'>)</span>,
CIP <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='fu'><a href='as.mic.html'>as.mic</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='fl'>0.256</span><span class='op'>)</span>,
GEN <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='fu'><a href='as.disk.html'>as.disk</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='fl'>18</span><span class='op'>)</span>,
TOB <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='fu'><a href='as.disk.html'>as.disk</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='fl'>16</span><span class='op'>)</span>,
NIT <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='fu'><a href='as.mic.html'>as.mic</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='fl'>32</span><span class='op'>)</span>,
ERY <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='st'>"R"</span><span class='op'>)</span>
<span class='fu'>as.rsi</span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='va'>df</span><span class='op'>)</span>
<span class='co'># for single values</span>
<span class='fu'>as.rsi</span><span class='op'>(</span>x <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='fu'><a href='as.mic.html'>as.mic</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='fl'>2</span><span class='op'>)</span>,
mo <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='fu'><a href='as.mo.html'>as.mo</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='st'>"S. pneumoniae"</span><span class='op'>)</span>,
ab <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='st'>"AMP"</span>,
guideline <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='st'>"EUCAST"</span><span class='op'>)</span>
<span class='fu'>as.rsi</span><span class='op'>(</span>x <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='fu'><a href='as.disk.html'>as.disk</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='fl'>18</span><span class='op'>)</span>,
mo <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='st'>"Strep pneu"</span>, <span class='co'># `mo` will be coerced with as.mo()</span>
ab <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='st'>"ampicillin"</span>, <span class='co'># and `ab` with as.ab()</span>
guideline <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='st'>"EUCAST"</span><span class='op'>)</span>
<span class='co'># \donttest{</span>
<span class='co'># the dplyr way</span>
<span class='kw'>if</span> <span class='op'>(</span><span class='kw'><a href='https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html'>require</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='st'><a href='https://dplyr.tidyverse.org'>"dplyr"</a></span><span class='op'>)</span><span class='op'>)</span> <span class='op'>{</span>
<span class='va'>df</span> <span class='op'>%&gt;%</span> <span class='fu'><a href='https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate_all.html'>mutate_if</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='va'>is.mic</span>, <span class='va'>as.rsi</span><span class='op'>)</span>
<span class='va'>df</span> <span class='op'>%&gt;%</span> <span class='fu'><a href='https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate_all.html'>mutate_if</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='kw'>function</span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='va'>x</span><span class='op'>)</span> <span class='fu'><a href='as.mic.html'>is.mic</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='va'>x</span><span class='op'>)</span> <span class='op'>|</span> <span class='fu'><a href='as.disk.html'>is.disk</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='va'>x</span><span class='op'>)</span>, <span class='va'>as.rsi</span><span class='op'>)</span>
<span class='va'>df</span> <span class='op'>%&gt;%</span> <span class='fu'><a href='https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html'>mutate</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='fu'><a href='https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/across.html'>across</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='fu'>where</span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='va'>is.mic</span><span class='op'>)</span>, <span class='va'>as.rsi</span><span class='op'>)</span><span class='op'>)</span>
<span class='va'>df</span> <span class='op'>%&gt;%</span> <span class='fu'><a href='https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate_all.html'>mutate_at</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='fu'><a href='https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/vars.html'>vars</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='va'>AMP</span><span class='op'>:</span><span class='va'>TOB</span><span class='op'>)</span>, <span class='va'>as.rsi</span><span class='op'>)</span>
<span class='va'>df</span> <span class='op'>%&gt;%</span> <span class='fu'><a href='https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate.html'>mutate</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='fu'><a href='https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/across.html'>across</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='va'>AMP</span><span class='op'>:</span><span class='va'>TOB</span>, <span class='va'>as.rsi</span><span class='op'>)</span><span class='op'>)</span>
<span class='va'>df</span> <span class='op'>%&gt;%</span>
<span class='fu'><a href='https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate_all.html'>mutate_at</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='fu'><a href='https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/vars.html'>vars</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='va'>AMP</span><span class='op'>:</span><span class='va'>TOB</span><span class='op'>)</span>, <span class='va'>as.rsi</span>, mo <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='va'>.</span><span class='op'>$</span><span class='va'>microorganism</span><span class='op'>)</span>
<span class='co'># to include information about urinary tract infections (UTI)</span>
<span class='fu'><a href='https://rdrr.io/r/base/data.frame.html'>data.frame</a></span><span class='op'>(</span>mo <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='st'>"E. coli"</span>,
NIT <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='fu'><a href='https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html'>c</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='st'>"&lt;= 2"</span>, <span class='fl'>32</span><span class='op'>)</span>,
from_the_bladder <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='fu'><a href='https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html'>c</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='cn'>TRUE</span>, <span class='cn'>FALSE</span><span class='op'>)</span><span class='op'>)</span> <span class='op'>%&gt;%</span>
<span class='fu'>as.rsi</span><span class='op'>(</span>uti <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='st'>"from_the_bladder"</span><span class='op'>)</span>
<span class='fu'><a href='https://rdrr.io/r/base/data.frame.html'>data.frame</a></span><span class='op'>(</span>mo <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='st'>"E. coli"</span>,
NIT <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='fu'><a href='https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html'>c</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='st'>"&lt;= 2"</span>, <span class='fl'>32</span><span class='op'>)</span>,
specimen <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='fu'><a href='https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html'>c</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='st'>"urine"</span>, <span class='st'>"blood"</span><span class='op'>)</span><span class='op'>)</span> <span class='op'>%&gt;%</span>
<span class='fu'>as.rsi</span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='op'>)</span> <span class='co'># automatically determines urine isolates</span>
<span class='va'>df</span> <span class='op'>%&gt;%</span>
<span class='fu'><a href='https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate_all.html'>mutate_at</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='fu'><a href='https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/vars.html'>vars</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='va'>AMP</span><span class='op'>:</span><span class='va'>NIT</span><span class='op'>)</span>, <span class='va'>as.rsi</span>, mo <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='st'>"E. coli"</span>, uti <span class='op'>=</span> <span class='cn'>TRUE</span><span class='op'>)</span>
<span class='op'>}</span>
<span class='co'># For CLEANING existing R/SI values ------------------------------------</span>
<span class='fu'>as.rsi</span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='fu'><a href='https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html'>c</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='st'>"S"</span>, <span class='st'>"I"</span>, <span class='st'>"R"</span>, <span class='st'>"A"</span>, <span class='st'>"B"</span>, <span class='st'>"C"</span><span class='op'>)</span><span class='op'>)</span>
<span class='fu'>as.rsi</span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='st'>"&lt;= 0.002; S"</span><span class='op'>)</span> <span class='co'># will return "S"</span>
<span class='va'>rsi_data</span> <span class='op'>&lt;-</span> <span class='fu'>as.rsi</span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='fu'><a href='https://rdrr.io/r/base/c.html'>c</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='fu'><a href='https://rdrr.io/r/base/rep.html'>rep</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='st'>"S"</span>, <span class='fl'>474</span><span class='op'>)</span>, <span class='fu'><a href='https://rdrr.io/r/base/rep.html'>rep</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='st'>"I"</span>, <span class='fl'>36</span><span class='op'>)</span>, <span class='fu'><a href='https://rdrr.io/r/base/rep.html'>rep</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='st'>"R"</span>, <span class='fl'>370</span><span class='op'>)</span><span class='op'>)</span><span class='op'>)</span>
<span class='fu'>is.rsi</span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='va'>rsi_data</span><span class='op'>)</span>
<span class='fu'><a href='plot.html'>plot</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='va'>rsi_data</span><span class='op'>)</span> <span class='co'># for percentages</span>
<span class='fu'><a href='https://rdrr.io/r/graphics/barplot.html'>barplot</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='va'>rsi_data</span><span class='op'>)</span> <span class='co'># for frequencies</span>
<span class='co'># the dplyr way</span>
<span class='kw'>if</span> <span class='op'>(</span><span class='kw'><a href='https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html'>require</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='st'><a href='https://dplyr.tidyverse.org'>"dplyr"</a></span><span class='op'>)</span><span class='op'>)</span> <span class='op'>{</span>
<span class='va'>example_isolates</span> <span class='op'>%&gt;%</span>
<span class='fu'><a href='https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate_all.html'>mutate_at</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='fu'><a href='https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/vars.html'>vars</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='va'>PEN</span><span class='op'>:</span><span class='va'>RIF</span><span class='op'>)</span>, <span class='va'>as.rsi</span><span class='op'>)</span>
<span class='co'># same: </span>
<span class='va'>example_isolates</span> <span class='op'>%&gt;%</span>
<span class='fu'>as.rsi</span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='va'>PEN</span><span class='op'>:</span><span class='va'>RIF</span><span class='op'>)</span>
<span class='co'># fastest way to transform all columns with already valid AMR results to class `rsi`:</span>
<span class='va'>example_isolates</span> <span class='op'>%&gt;%</span>
<span class='fu'><a href='https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate_all.html'>mutate_if</a></span><span class='op'>(</span><span class='va'>is.rsi.eligible</span>, <span class='va'>as.rsi</span><span class='op'>)</span>
<span class='co'># note: from dplyr 1.0.0 on, this will be: </span>
<span class='co'># example_isolates %&gt;%</span>
<span class='co'># mutate(across(where(is.rsi.eligible), as.rsi))</span>
<span class='op'>}</span>
<span class='co'># }</span>
</pre>
</div>
<div class="col-md-3 hidden-xs hidden-sm" id="pkgdown-sidebar">
<nav id="toc" data-toggle="toc" class="sticky-top">
<h2 data-toc-skip>Contents</h2>
</nav>
</div>
</div>
<footer>
<div class="copyright">
<p>Developed by <a href='https://www.rug.nl/staff/m.s.berends/'>Matthijs S. Berends</a>, <a href='https://www.rug.nl/staff/c.f.luz/'>Christian F. Luz</a>, <a href='https://www.rug.nl/staff/a.w.friedrich/'>Alexander W. Friedrich</a>, <a href='https://www.rug.nl/staff/b.sinha/'>Bhanu N. M. Sinha</a>, <a href='https://www.rug.nl/staff/c.j.albers/'>Casper J. Albers</a>, <a href='https://www.rug.nl/staff/c.glasner/'>Corinna Glasner</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="pkgdown">
<p>Site built with <a href="https://pkgdown.r-lib.org/">pkgdown</a> 1.6.1.</p>
</div>
</footer>
</div>
</body>
</html>
View Git Blame Copy Permalink