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")";display:inline-block;font-size:.875em;padding-left:.25em} abbr[title]::after{content:" (" attr(title) ")"} pre,blockquote,tr,img,object,svg{page-break-inside:avoid} thead{display:table-header-group} svg{max-width:100%} p,blockquote,dt,td.content{font-size:1em;orphans:3;widows:3} h2,h3,#toctitle,.sidebarblock>.content>.title{page-break-after:avoid} #toc,.sidebarblock,.exampleblock>.content{background:none!important} #toc{border-bottom:1px solid #dddddf!important;padding-bottom:0!important} body.book #header{text-align:center} body.book #header>h1:first-child{border:0!important;margin:2.5em 0 1em} body.book #header .details{border:0!important;display:block;padding:0!important} body.book #header .details span:first-child{margin-left:0!important} body.book #header .details br{display:block} body.book #header .details br+span::before{content:none!important} body.book #toc{border:0!important;text-align:left!important;padding:0!important;margin:0!important} body.book #toc,body.book #preamble,body.book h1.sect0,body.book .sect1>h2{page-break-before:always} .listingblock code[data-lang]::before{display:block} #footer{padding:0 .9375em} .hide-on-print{display:none!important} .print-only{display:block!important} .hide-for-print{display:none!important} .show-for-print{display:inherit!important}} @media print,amzn-kf8{#header>h1:first-child{margin-top:1.25rem} .sect1{padding:0!important} .sect1+.sect1{border:0} #footer{background:none} #footer-text{color:rgba(0,0,0,.6);font-size:.9em}} @media amzn-kf8{#header,#content,#footnotes,#footer{padding:0}} </style> </head> <body class="article"> <div id="header"> <h1>Submitting Patches</h1> </div> <div id="content"> <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_guidelines">Guidelines</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Here are some guidelines for people who want to contribute their code to this software.</p> </div> <div class="sect2"> <h3 id="base-branch">Decide what to base your work on.</h3> <div class="paragraph"> <p>In general, always base your work on the oldest branch that your change is relevant to.</p> </div> <div class="ulist"> <ul> <li> <p>A bugfix should be based on <code>maint</code> in general. If the bug is not present in <code>maint</code>, base it on <code>master</code>. For a bug that’s not yet in <code>master</code>, find the topic that introduces the regression, and base your work on the tip of the topic.</p> </li> <li> <p>A new feature should be based on <code>master</code> in general. If the new feature depends on a topic that is in <code>pu</code>, but not in <code>master</code>, base your work on the tip of that topic.</p> </li> <li> <p>Corrections and enhancements to a topic not yet in <code>master</code> should be based on the tip of that topic. If the topic has not been merged to <code>next</code>, it’s alright to add a note to squash minor corrections into the series.</p> </li> <li> <p>In the exceptional case that a new feature depends on several topics not in <code>master</code>, start working on <code>next</code> or <code>pu</code> privately and send out patches for discussion. Before the final merge, you may have to wait until some of the dependent topics graduate to <code>master</code>, and rebase your work.</p> </li> <li> <p>Some parts of the system have dedicated maintainers with their own repositories (see the section "Subsystems" below). Changes to these parts should be based on their trees.</p> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>To find the tip of a topic branch, run <code>git log --first-parent master..pu</code> and look for the merge commit. The second parent of this commit is the tip of the topic branch.</p> </div> </div> <div class="sect2"> <h3 id="separate-commits">Make separate commits for logically separate changes.</h3> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Unless your patch is really trivial, you should not be sending out a patch that was generated between your working tree and your commit head. Instead, always make a commit with complete commit message and generate a series of patches from your repository. It is a good discipline.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Give an explanation for the change(s) that is detailed enough so that people can judge if it is good thing to do, without reading the actual patch text to determine how well the code does what the explanation promises to do.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>If your description starts to get too long, that’s a sign that you probably need to split up your commit to finer grained pieces. That being said, patches which plainly describe the things that help reviewers check the patch, and future maintainers understand the code, are the most beautiful patches. Descriptions that summarize the point in the subject well, and describe the motivation for the change, the approach taken by the change, and if relevant how this differs substantially from the prior version, are all good things to have.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Make sure that you have tests for the bug you are fixing. See <code>t/README</code> for guidance.</p> </div> <div id="tests" class="paragraph"> <p>When adding a new feature, make sure that you have new tests to show the feature triggers the new behavior when it should, and to show the feature does not trigger when it shouldn’t. After any code change, make sure that the entire test suite passes.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>If you have an account at GitHub (and you can get one for free to work on open source projects), you can use their Travis CI integration to test your changes on Linux, Mac (and hopefully soon Windows). See GitHub-Travis CI hints section for details.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Do not forget to update the documentation to describe the updated behavior and make sure that the resulting documentation set formats well (try the Documentation/doc-diff script).</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>We currently have a liberal mixture of US and UK English norms for spelling and grammar, which is somewhat unfortunate. A huge patch that touches the files all over the place only to correct the inconsistency is not welcome, though. Potential clashes with other changes that can result from such a patch are not worth it. We prefer to gradually reconcile the inconsistencies in favor of US English, with small and easily digestible patches, as a side effect of doing some other real work in the vicinity (e.g. rewriting a paragraph for clarity, while turning en_UK spelling to en_US). Obvious typographical fixes are much more welcomed ("teh → "the"), preferably submitted as independent patches separate from other documentation changes.</p> </div> <div id="whitespace-check" class="paragraph"> <p>Oh, another thing. We are picky about whitespaces. Make sure your changes do not trigger errors with the sample pre-commit hook shipped in <code>templates/hooks--pre-commit</code>. To help ensure this does not happen, run <code>git diff --check</code> on your changes before you commit.</p> </div> </div> <div class="sect2"> <h3 id="describe-changes">Describe your changes well.</h3> <div class="paragraph"> <p>The first line of the commit message should be a short description (50 characters is the soft limit, see DISCUSSION in <a href="git-commit.html">git-commit</a>(1)), and should skip the full stop. It is also conventional in most cases to prefix the first line with "area: " where the area is a filename or identifier for the general area of the code being modified, e.g.</p> </div> <div class="ulist"> <ul> <li> <p>doc: clarify distinction between sign-off and pgp-signing</p> </li> <li> <p>githooks.txt: improve the intro section</p> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>If in doubt which identifier to use, run <code>git log --no-merges</code> on the files you are modifying to see the current conventions.</p> </div> <div id="summary-section" class="paragraph"> <p>It’s customary to start the remainder of the first line after "area: " with a lower-case letter. E.g. "doc: clarify…​", not "doc: Clarify…​", or "githooks.txt: improve…​", not "githooks.txt: Improve…​".</p> </div> <div id="meaningful-message" class="paragraph"> <p>The body should provide a meaningful commit message, which:</p> </div> <div class="olist arabic"> <ol class="arabic"> <li> <p>explains the problem the change tries to solve, i.e. what is wrong with the current code without the change.</p> </li> <li> <p>justifies the way the change solves the problem, i.e. why the result with the change is better.</p> </li> <li> <p>alternate solutions considered but discarded, if any.</p> </li> </ol> </div> <div id="imperative-mood" class="paragraph"> <p>Describe your changes in imperative mood, e.g. "make xyzzy do frotz" instead of "[This patch] makes xyzzy do frotz" or "[I] changed xyzzy to do frotz", as if you are giving orders to the codebase to change its behavior. Try to make sure your explanation can be understood without external resources. Instead of giving a URL to a mailing list archive, summarize the relevant points of the discussion.</p> </div> <div id="commit-reference" class="paragraph"> <p>If you want to reference a previous commit in the history of a stable branch, use the format "abbreviated sha1 (subject, date)", with the subject enclosed in a pair of double-quotes, like this:</p> </div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre> Commit f86a374 ("pack-bitmap.c: fix a memleak", 2015-03-30) noticed that ...</pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>The "Copy commit summary" command of gitk can be used to obtain this format, or this invocation of <code>git show</code>:</p> </div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre> git show -s --date=short --pretty='format:%h ("%s", %ad)' <commit></pre> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sect2"> <h3 id="git-tools">Generate your patch using Git tools out of your commits.</h3> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Git based diff tools generate unidiff which is the preferred format.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>You do not have to be afraid to use <code>-M</code> option to <code>git diff</code> or <code>git format-patch</code>, if your patch involves file renames. The receiving end can handle them just fine.</p> </div> <div id="review-patch" class="paragraph"> <p>Please make sure your patch does not add commented out debugging code, or include any extra files which do not relate to what your patch is trying to achieve. Make sure to review your patch after generating it, to ensure accuracy. Before sending out, please make sure it cleanly applies to the <code>master</code> branch head. If you are preparing a work based on "next" branch, that is fine, but please mark it as such.</p> </div> </div> <div class="sect2"> <h3 id="send-patches">Sending your patches.</h3> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Before sending any patches, please note that patches that may be security relevant should be submitted privately to the Git Security mailing list<sup class="footnote" id="_footnote_security-ml">[<a id="_footnoteref_1" class="footnote" href="#_footnotedef_1" title="View footnote.">1</a>]</sup>, instead of the public mailing list.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Learn to use format-patch and send-email if possible. These commands are optimized for the workflow of sending patches, avoiding many ways your existing e-mail client that is optimized for "multipart/*" mime type e-mails to corrupt and render your patches unusable.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>People on the Git mailing list need to be able to read and comment on the changes you are submitting. It is important for a developer to be able to "quote" your changes, using standard e-mail tools, so that they may comment on specific portions of your code. For this reason, each patch should be submitted "inline" in a separate message.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Multiple related patches should be grouped into their own e-mail thread to help readers find all parts of the series. To that end, send them as replies to either an additional "cover letter" message (see below), the first patch, or the respective preceding patch.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>If your log message (including your name on the Signed-off-by line) is not writable in ASCII, make sure that you send off a message in the correct encoding.</p> </div> <div class="admonitionblock warning"> <table> <tr> <td class="icon"> <div class="title">Warning</div> </td> <td class="content"> Be wary of your MUAs word-wrap corrupting your patch. Do not cut-n-paste your patch; you can lose tabs that way if you are not careful. </td> </tr> </table> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>It is a common convention to prefix your subject line with [PATCH]. This lets people easily distinguish patches from other e-mail discussions. Use of markers in addition to PATCH within the brackets to describe the nature of the patch is also encouraged. E.g. [RFC PATCH] (where RFC stands for "request for comments") is often used to indicate a patch needs further discussion before being accepted, [PATCH v2], [PATCH v3] etc. are often seen when you are sending an update to what you have previously sent.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>The <code>git format-patch</code> command follows the best current practice to format the body of an e-mail message. At the beginning of the patch should come your commit message, ending with the Signed-off-by: lines, and a line that consists of three dashes, followed by the diffstat information and the patch itself. If you are forwarding a patch from somebody else, optionally, at the beginning of the e-mail message just before the commit message starts, you can put a "From: " line to name that person. To change the default "[PATCH]" in the subject to "[<text>]", use <code>git format-patch --subject-prefix=<text></code>. As a shortcut, you can use <code>--rfc</code> instead of <code>--subject-prefix="RFC PATCH"</code>, or <code>-v <n></code> instead of <code>--subject-prefix="PATCH v<n>"</code>.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>You often want to add additional explanation about the patch, other than the commit message itself. Place such "cover letter" material between the three-dash line and the diffstat. For patches requiring multiple iterations of review and discussion, an explanation of changes between each iteration can be kept in Git-notes and inserted automatically following the three-dash line via <code>git format-patch --notes</code>.</p> </div> <div id="attachment" class="paragraph"> <p>Do not attach the patch as a MIME attachment, compressed or not. Do not let your e-mail client send quoted-printable. Do not let your e-mail client send format=flowed which would destroy whitespaces in your patches. Many popular e-mail applications will not always transmit a MIME attachment as plain text, making it impossible to comment on your code. A MIME attachment also takes a bit more time to process. This does not decrease the likelihood of your MIME-attached change being accepted, but it makes it more likely that it will be postponed.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Exception: If your mailer is mangling patches then someone may ask you to re-send them using MIME, that is OK.</p> </div> <div id="pgp-signature" class="paragraph"> <p>Do not PGP sign your patch. Most likely, your maintainer or other people on the list would not have your PGP key and would not bother obtaining it anyway. Your patch is not judged by who you are; a good patch from an unknown origin has a far better chance of being accepted than a patch from a known, respected origin that is done poorly or does incorrect things.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>If you really really really really want to do a PGP signed patch, format it as "multipart/signed", not a text/plain message that starts with <code>-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----</code>. That is not a text/plain, it’s something else.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>As mentioned at the beginning of the section, patches that may be security relevant should not be submitted to the public mailing list mentioned below, but should instead be sent privately to the Git Security mailing list<sup class="footnoteref">[<a class="footnote" href="#_footnotedef_1" title="View footnote.">1</a>]</sup>.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Send your patch with "To:" set to the mailing list, with "cc:" listing people who are involved in the area you are touching (the <code>git contacts</code> command in <code>contrib/contacts/</code> can help to identify them), to solicit comments and reviews.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>After the list reached a consensus that it is a good idea to apply the patch, re-send it with "To:" set to the maintainer<sup class="footnote">[<a id="_footnoteref_2" class="footnote" href="#_footnotedef_2" title="View footnote.">2</a>]</sup> and "cc:" the list<sup class="footnote">[<a id="_footnoteref_3" class="footnote" href="#_footnotedef_3" title="View footnote.">3</a>]</sup> for inclusion.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Do not forget to add trailers such as <code>Acked-by:</code>, <code>Reviewed-by:</code> and <code>Tested-by:</code> lines as necessary to credit people who helped your patch.</p> </div> </div> <div class="sect2"> <h3 id="sign-off">Certify your work by adding your "Signed-off-by: " line</h3> <div class="paragraph"> <p>To improve tracking of who did what, we’ve borrowed the "sign-off" procedure from the Linux kernel project on patches that are being emailed around. Although core Git is a lot smaller project it is a good discipline to follow it.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>The sign-off is a simple line at the end of the explanation for the patch, which certifies that you wrote it or otherwise have the right to pass it on as an open-source patch. The rules are pretty simple: if you can certify the below D-C-O:</p> </div> <div id="dco" class="quoteblock"> <div class="title">Developer’s Certificate of Origin 1.1</div> <blockquote> <div class="paragraph"> <p>By making a contribution to this project, I certify that:</p> </div> <div class="olist loweralpha"> <ol class="loweralpha"> <li> <p>The contribution was created in whole or in part by me and I have the right to submit it under the open source license indicated in the file; or</p> </li> <li> <p>The contribution is based upon previous work that, to the best of my knowledge, is covered under an appropriate open source license and I have the right under that license to submit that work with modifications, whether created in whole or in part by me, under the same open source license (unless I am permitted to submit under a different license), as indicated in the file; or</p> </li> <li> <p>The contribution was provided directly to me by some other person who certified (a), (b) or (c) and I have not modified it.</p> </li> <li> <p>I understand and agree that this project and the contribution are public and that a record of the contribution (including all personal information I submit with it, including my sign-off) is maintained indefinitely and may be redistributed consistent with this project or the open source license(s) involved.</p> </li> </ol> </div> </blockquote> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>then you just add a line saying</p> </div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre> Signed-off-by: Random J Developer <random@developer.example.org></pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>This line can be automatically added by Git if you run the git-commit command with the -s option.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Notice that you can place your own Signed-off-by: line when forwarding somebody else’s patch with the above rules for D-C-O. Indeed you are encouraged to do so. Do not forget to place an in-body "From: " line at the beginning to properly attribute the change to its true author (see (2) above).</p> </div> <div id="real-name" class="paragraph"> <p>Also notice that a real name is used in the Signed-off-by: line. Please don’t hide your real name.</p> </div> <div id="commit-trailers" class="paragraph"> <p>If you like, you can put extra tags at the end:</p> </div> <div class="olist arabic"> <ol class="arabic"> <li> <p><code>Reported-by:</code> is used to credit someone who found the bug that the patch attempts to fix.</p> </li> <li> <p><code>Acked-by:</code> says that the person who is more familiar with the area the patch attempts to modify liked the patch.</p> </li> <li> <p><code>Reviewed-by:</code>, unlike the other tags, can only be offered by the reviewer and means that she is completely satisfied that the patch is ready for application. It is usually offered only after a detailed review.</p> </li> <li> <p><code>Tested-by:</code> is used to indicate that the person applied the patch and found it to have the desired effect.</p> </li> </ol> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>You can also create your own tag or use one that’s in common usage such as "Thanks-to:", "Based-on-patch-by:", or "Mentored-by:".</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_subsystems_with_dedicated_maintainers">Subsystems with dedicated maintainers</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Some parts of the system have dedicated maintainers with their own repositories.</p> </div> <div class="ulist"> <ul> <li> <p><em>git-gui/</em> comes from git-gui project, maintained by Pat Thoyts:</p> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre>git://repo.or.cz/git-gui.git</pre> </div> </div> </li> <li> <p><em>gitk-git/</em> comes from Paul Mackerras’s gitk project:</p> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre>git://ozlabs.org/~paulus/gitk</pre> </div> </div> </li> <li> <p><em>po/</em> comes from the localization coordinator, Jiang Xin:</p> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre>https://github.com/git-l10n/git-po/</pre> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Patches to these parts should be based on their trees.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="patch-flow">An ideal patch flow</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Here is an ideal patch flow for this project the current maintainer suggests to the contributors:</p> </div> <div class="olist arabic"> <ol class="arabic"> <li> <p>You come up with an itch. You code it up.</p> </li> <li> <p>Send it to the list and cc people who may need to know about the change.</p> <div class="paragraph"> <p>The people who may need to know are the ones whose code you are butchering. These people happen to be the ones who are most likely to be knowledgeable enough to help you, but they have no obligation to help you (i.e. you ask for help, don’t demand). <code>git log -p -- <em>$area_you_are_modifying</em></code> would help you find out who they are.</p> </div> </li> <li> <p>You get comments and suggestions for improvements. You may even get them in an "on top of your change" patch form.</p> </li> <li> <p>Polish, refine, and re-send to the list and the people who spend their time to improve your patch. Go back to step (2).</p> </li> <li> <p>The list forms consensus that the last round of your patch is good. Send it to the maintainer and cc the list.</p> </li> <li> <p>A topic branch is created with the patch and is merged to <code>next</code>, and cooked further and eventually graduates to <code>master</code>.</p> </li> </ol> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>In any time between the (2)-(3) cycle, the maintainer may pick it up from the list and queue it to <code>pu</code>, in order to make it easier for people play with it without having to pick up and apply the patch to their trees themselves.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="patch-status">Know the status of your patch after submission</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="ulist"> <ul> <li> <p>You can use Git itself to find out when your patch is merged in master. <code>git pull --rebase</code> will automatically skip already-applied patches, and will let you know. This works only if you rebase on top of the branch in which your patch has been merged (i.e. it will not tell you if your patch is merged in pu if you rebase on top of master).</p> </li> <li> <p>Read the Git mailing list, the maintainer regularly posts messages entitled "What’s cooking in git.git" and "What’s in git.git" giving the status of various proposed changes.</p> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="travis">GitHub-Travis CI hints</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"> <p>With an account at GitHub (you can get one for free to work on open source projects), you can use Travis CI to test your changes on Linux, Mac (and hopefully soon Windows). You can find a successful example test build here: <a href="https://travis-ci.org/git/git/builds/120473209" class="bare">https://travis-ci.org/git/git/builds/120473209</a></p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Follow these steps for the initial setup:</p> </div> <div class="olist arabic"> <ol class="arabic"> <li> <p>Fork <a href="https://github.com/git/git" class="bare">https://github.com/git/git</a> to your GitHub account. You can find detailed instructions how to fork here: <a href="https://help.github.com/articles/fork-a-repo/" class="bare">https://help.github.com/articles/fork-a-repo/</a></p> </li> <li> <p>Open the Travis CI website: <a href="https://travis-ci.org" class="bare">https://travis-ci.org</a></p> </li> <li> <p>Press the "Sign in with GitHub" button.</p> </li> <li> <p>Grant Travis CI permissions to access your GitHub account. You can find more information about the required permissions here: <a href="https://docs.travis-ci.com/user/github-oauth-scopes" class="bare">https://docs.travis-ci.com/user/github-oauth-scopes</a></p> </li> <li> <p>Open your Travis CI profile page: <a href="https://travis-ci.org/profile" class="bare">https://travis-ci.org/profile</a></p> </li> <li> <p>Enable Travis CI builds for your Git fork.</p> </li> </ol> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>After the initial setup, Travis CI will run whenever you push new changes to your fork of Git on GitHub. You can monitor the test state of all your branches here: <a href="https://travis-ci.org/" class="bare">https://travis-ci.org/</a><em><Your GitHub handle></em>/git/branches</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>If a branch did not pass all test cases then it is marked with a red cross. In that case you can click on the failing Travis CI job and scroll all the way down in the log. Find the line "←- Click here to see detailed test output!" and click on the triangle next to the log line number to expand the detailed test output. Here is such a failing example: <a href="https://travis-ci.org/git/git/jobs/122676187" class="bare">https://travis-ci.org/git/git/jobs/122676187</a></p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Fix the problem and push your fix to your Git fork. This will trigger a new Travis CI build to ensure all tests pass.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="mua">MUA specific hints</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Some of patches I receive or pick up from the list share common patterns of breakage. Please make sure your MUA is set up properly not to corrupt whitespaces.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>See the DISCUSSION section of <a href="git-format-patch.html">git-format-patch</a>(1) for hints on checking your patch by mailing it to yourself and applying with <a href="git-am.html">git-am</a>(1).</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>While you are at it, check the resulting commit log message from a trial run of applying the patch. If what is in the resulting commit is not exactly what you would want to see, it is very likely that your maintainer would end up hand editing the log message when he applies your patch. Things like "Hi, this is my first patch.\n", if you really want to put in the patch e-mail, should come after the three-dash line that signals the end of the commit message.</p> </div> <div class="sect2"> <h3 id="_pine">Pine</h3> <div class="paragraph"> <p>(Johannes Schindelin)</p> </div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre>I don't know how many people still use pine, but for those poor souls it may be good to mention that the quell-flowed-text is needed for recent versions. ... the "no-strip-whitespace-before-send" option, too. AFAIK it was introduced in 4.60.</pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>(Linus Torvalds)</p> </div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre>And 4.58 needs at least this. diff-tree 8326dd8350be64ac7fc805f6563a1d61ad10d32c (from e886a61f76edf5410573e92e38ce22974f9c40f1) Author: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@g5.osdl.org> Date: Mon Aug 15 17:23:51 2005 -0700 Fix pine whitespace-corruption bug There's no excuse for unconditionally removing whitespace from the pico buffers on close. diff --git a/pico/pico.c b/pico/pico.c --- a/pico/pico.c +++ b/pico/pico.c @@ -219,7 +219,9 @@ PICO *pm; switch(pico_all_done){ /* prepare for/handle final events */ case COMP_EXIT : /* already confirmed */ packheader(); +#if 0 stripwhitespace(); +#endif c |= COMP_EXIT; break;</pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>(Daniel Barkalow)</p> </div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre>> A patch to SubmittingPatches, MUA specific help section for > users of Pine 4.63 would be very much appreciated. Ah, it looks like a recent version changed the default behavior to do the right thing, and inverted the sense of the configuration option. (Either that or Gentoo did it.) So you need to set the "no-strip-whitespace-before-send" option, unless the option you have is "strip-whitespace-before-send", in which case you should avoid checking it.</pre> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sect2"> <h3 id="_thunderbird_kmail_gmail">Thunderbird, KMail, GMail</h3> <div class="paragraph"> <p>See the MUA-SPECIFIC HINTS section of <a href="git-format-patch.html">git-format-patch</a>(1).</p> </div> </div> <div class="sect2"> <h3 id="_gnus">Gnus</h3> <div class="paragraph"> <p>"|" in the <code>*Summary*</code> buffer can be used to pipe the current message to an external program, and this is a handy way to drive <code>git am</code>. However, if the message is MIME encoded, what is piped into the program is the representation you see in your <code>*Article*</code> buffer after unwrapping MIME. This is often not what you would want for two reasons. It tends to screw up non ASCII characters (most notably in people’s names), and also whitespaces (fatal in patches). Running "C-u g" to display the message in raw form before using "|" to run the pipe can work this problem around.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="footnotes"> <hr> <div class="footnote" id="_footnotedef_1"> <a href="#_footnoteref_1">1</a>. The Git Security mailing list: <a href="mailto:git-security@googlegroups.com">git-security@googlegroups.com</a> </div> <div class="footnote" id="_footnotedef_2"> <a href="#_footnoteref_2">2</a>. The current maintainer: <a href="mailto:gitster@pobox.com">gitster@pobox.com</a> </div> <div class="footnote" id="_footnotedef_3"> <a href="#_footnoteref_3">3</a>. The mailing list: <a href="mailto:git@vger.kernel.org">git@vger.kernel.org</a> </div> </div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> Last updated 2019-02-26 19:31:11 UTC </div> </div> </body> </html>