2306 lines
96 KiB
HTML
2306 lines
96 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="en">
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<head>
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<meta charset="UTF-8">
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<!--[if IE]><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"><![endif]-->
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
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<meta name="generator" content="Asciidoctor 1.5.8">
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<title>git-rev-list(1)</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300,300italic,400,400italic,600,600italic%7CNoto+Serif:400,400italic,700,700italic%7CDroid+Sans+Mono:400,700">
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<style>
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/* Asciidoctor default stylesheet | MIT License | http://asciidoctor.org */
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/* Uncomment @import statement below to use as custom stylesheet */
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/*@import "https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300,300italic,400,400italic,600,600italic%7CNoto+Serif:400,400italic,700,700italic%7CDroid+Sans+Mono:400,700";*/
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audio,canvas,video{display:inline-block}
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html{font-family:sans-serif;-ms-text-size-adjust:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%}
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a{background:transparent}
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a:focus{outline:thin dotted}
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b,strong{font-weight:bold}
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dfn{font-style:italic}
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sup{top:-.5em}
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figure{margin:0}
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em em{font-style:normal}
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strong strong{font-weight:400}
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kbd{font-family:"Droid Sans Mono","DejaVu Sans Mono",monospace;display:inline-block;color:rgba(0,0,0,.8);font-size:.65em;line-height:1.45;background-color:#f7f7f7;border:1px solid #ccc;-webkit-border-radius:3px;border-radius:3px;-webkit-box-shadow:0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 0 0 .1em white inset;box-shadow:0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 0 0 .1em #fff inset;margin:0 .15em;padding:.2em .5em;vertical-align:middle;position:relative;top:-.1em;white-space:nowrap}
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p a>code:hover{color:rgba(0,0,0,.9)}
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.exampleblock>.content>:first-child{margin-top:0}
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</style>
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</head>
|
|
<body class="manpage">
|
|
<div id="header">
|
|
<h1>git-rev-list(1) Manual Page</h1>
|
|
<h2 id="_name">NAME</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<p>git-rev-list - Lists commit objects in reverse chronological order</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div id="content">
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="verseblock">
|
|
<pre class="content"><em>git rev-list</em> [ --max-count=<number> ]
|
|
[ --skip=<number> ]
|
|
[ --max-age=<timestamp> ]
|
|
[ --min-age=<timestamp> ]
|
|
[ --sparse ]
|
|
[ --merges ]
|
|
[ --no-merges ]
|
|
[ --min-parents=<number> ]
|
|
[ --no-min-parents ]
|
|
[ --max-parents=<number> ]
|
|
[ --no-max-parents ]
|
|
[ --first-parent ]
|
|
[ --remove-empty ]
|
|
[ --full-history ]
|
|
[ --not ]
|
|
[ --all ]
|
|
[ --branches[=<pattern>] ]
|
|
[ --tags[=<pattern>] ]
|
|
[ --remotes[=<pattern>] ]
|
|
[ --glob=<glob-pattern> ]
|
|
[ --ignore-missing ]
|
|
[ --stdin ]
|
|
[ --quiet ]
|
|
[ --topo-order ]
|
|
[ --parents ]
|
|
[ --timestamp ]
|
|
[ --left-right ]
|
|
[ --left-only ]
|
|
[ --right-only ]
|
|
[ --cherry-mark ]
|
|
[ --cherry-pick ]
|
|
[ --encoding=<encoding> ]
|
|
[ --(author|committer|grep)=<pattern> ]
|
|
[ --regexp-ignore-case | -i ]
|
|
[ --extended-regexp | -E ]
|
|
[ --fixed-strings | -F ]
|
|
[ --date=<format>]
|
|
[ [ --objects | --objects-edge | --objects-edge-aggressive ]
|
|
[ --unpacked ]
|
|
[ --filter=<filter-spec> [ --filter-print-omitted ] ] ]
|
|
[ --missing=<missing-action> ]
|
|
[ --pretty | --header ]
|
|
[ --bisect ]
|
|
[ --bisect-vars ]
|
|
[ --bisect-all ]
|
|
[ --merge ]
|
|
[ --reverse ]
|
|
[ --walk-reflogs ]
|
|
[ --no-walk ] [ --do-walk ]
|
|
[ --count ]
|
|
[ --use-bitmap-index ]
|
|
<commit>…​ [ -- <paths>…​ ]</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>List commits that are reachable by following the <code>parent</code> links from the
|
|
given commit(s), but exclude commits that are reachable from the one(s)
|
|
given with a <em>^</em> in front of them. The output is given in reverse
|
|
chronological order by default.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>You can think of this as a set operation. Commits given on the command
|
|
line form a set of commits that are reachable from any of them, and then
|
|
commits reachable from any of the ones given with <em>^</em> in front are
|
|
subtracted from that set. The remaining commits are what comes out in the
|
|
command’s output. Various other options and paths parameters can be used
|
|
to further limit the result.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Thus, the following command:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre> $ git rev-list foo bar ^baz</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>means "list all the commits which are reachable from <em>foo</em> or <em>bar</em>, but
|
|
not from <em>baz</em>".</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>A special notation "<em><commit1></em>..<em><commit2></em>" can be used as a
|
|
short-hand for "^'<commit1>' <em><commit2></em>". For example, either of
|
|
the following may be used interchangeably:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre> $ git rev-list origin..HEAD
|
|
$ git rev-list HEAD ^origin</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Another special notation is "<em><commit1></em>…​<em><commit2></em>" which is useful
|
|
for merges. The resulting set of commits is the symmetric difference
|
|
between the two operands. The following two commands are equivalent:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre> $ git rev-list A B --not $(git merge-base --all A B)
|
|
$ git rev-list A...B</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p><em>rev-list</em> is a very essential Git command, since it
|
|
provides the ability to build and traverse commit ancestry graphs. For
|
|
this reason, it has a lot of different options that enables it to be
|
|
used by commands as different as <em>git bisect</em> and
|
|
<em>git repack</em>.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_options">OPTIONS</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="_commit_limiting">Commit Limiting</h3>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Besides specifying a range of commits that should be listed using the
|
|
special notations explained in the description, additional commit
|
|
limiting may be applied.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Using more options generally further limits the output (e.g.
|
|
<code>--since=<date1></code> limits to commits newer than <code><date1></code>, and using it
|
|
with <code>--grep=<pattern></code> further limits to commits whose log message
|
|
has a line that matches <code><pattern></code>), unless otherwise noted.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Note that these are applied before commit
|
|
ordering and formatting options, such as <code>--reverse</code>.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="dlist">
|
|
<dl>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">-<number></dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">-n <number></dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--max-count=<number></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Limit the number of commits to output.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--skip=<number></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Skip <em>number</em> commits before starting to show the commit output.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--since=<date></dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--after=<date></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Show commits more recent than a specific date.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--until=<date></dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--before=<date></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Show commits older than a specific date.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--max-age=<timestamp></dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--min-age=<timestamp></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Limit the commits output to specified time range.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--author=<pattern></dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--committer=<pattern></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Limit the commits output to ones with author/committer
|
|
header lines that match the specified pattern (regular
|
|
expression). With more than one <code>--author=<pattern></code>,
|
|
commits whose author matches any of the given patterns are
|
|
chosen (similarly for multiple <code>--committer=<pattern></code>).</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--grep-reflog=<pattern></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Limit the commits output to ones with reflog entries that
|
|
match the specified pattern (regular expression). With
|
|
more than one <code>--grep-reflog</code>, commits whose reflog message
|
|
matches any of the given patterns are chosen. It is an
|
|
error to use this option unless <code>--walk-reflogs</code> is in use.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--grep=<pattern></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Limit the commits output to ones with log message that
|
|
matches the specified pattern (regular expression). With
|
|
more than one <code>--grep=<pattern></code>, commits whose message
|
|
matches any of the given patterns are chosen (but see
|
|
<code>--all-match</code>).</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--all-match</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Limit the commits output to ones that match all given <code>--grep</code>,
|
|
instead of ones that match at least one.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--invert-grep</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Limit the commits output to ones with log message that do not
|
|
match the pattern specified with <code>--grep=<pattern></code>.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">-i</dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--regexp-ignore-case</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Match the regular expression limiting patterns without regard to letter
|
|
case.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--basic-regexp</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Consider the limiting patterns to be basic regular expressions;
|
|
this is the default.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">-E</dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--extended-regexp</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Consider the limiting patterns to be extended regular expressions
|
|
instead of the default basic regular expressions.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">-F</dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--fixed-strings</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Consider the limiting patterns to be fixed strings (don’t interpret
|
|
pattern as a regular expression).</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">-P</dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--perl-regexp</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Consider the limiting patterns to be Perl-compatible regular
|
|
expressions.</p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Support for these types of regular expressions is an optional
|
|
compile-time dependency. If Git wasn’t compiled with support for them
|
|
providing this option will cause it to die.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--remove-empty</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Stop when a given path disappears from the tree.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--merges</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Print only merge commits. This is exactly the same as <code>--min-parents=2</code>.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--no-merges</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Do not print commits with more than one parent. This is
|
|
exactly the same as <code>--max-parents=1</code>.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--min-parents=<number></dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--max-parents=<number></dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--no-min-parents</dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--no-max-parents</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Show only commits which have at least (or at most) that many parent
|
|
commits. In particular, <code>--max-parents=1</code> is the same as <code>--no-merges</code>,
|
|
<code>--min-parents=2</code> is the same as <code>--merges</code>. <code>--max-parents=0</code>
|
|
gives all root commits and <code>--min-parents=3</code> all octopus merges.</p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p><code>--no-min-parents</code> and <code>--no-max-parents</code> reset these limits (to no limit)
|
|
again. Equivalent forms are <code>--min-parents=0</code> (any commit has 0 or more
|
|
parents) and <code>--max-parents=-1</code> (negative numbers denote no upper limit).</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--first-parent</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Follow only the first parent commit upon seeing a merge
|
|
commit. This option can give a better overview when
|
|
viewing the evolution of a particular topic branch,
|
|
because merges into a topic branch tend to be only about
|
|
adjusting to updated upstream from time to time, and
|
|
this option allows you to ignore the individual commits
|
|
brought in to your history by such a merge. Cannot be
|
|
combined with --bisect.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--not</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Reverses the meaning of the <em>^</em> prefix (or lack thereof)
|
|
for all following revision specifiers, up to the next <code>--not</code>.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--all</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Pretend as if all the refs in <code>refs/</code>, along with <code>HEAD</code>, are
|
|
listed on the command line as <em><commit></em>.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--branches[=<pattern>]</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Pretend as if all the refs in <code>refs/heads</code> are listed
|
|
on the command line as <em><commit></em>. If <em><pattern></em> is given, limit
|
|
branches to ones matching given shell glob. If pattern lacks <em>?</em>,
|
|
<em>*</em>, or <em>[</em>, <em>/*</em> at the end is implied.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--tags[=<pattern>]</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Pretend as if all the refs in <code>refs/tags</code> are listed
|
|
on the command line as <em><commit></em>. If <em><pattern></em> is given, limit
|
|
tags to ones matching given shell glob. If pattern lacks <em>?</em>, <em>*</em>,
|
|
or <em>[</em>, <em>/*</em> at the end is implied.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--remotes[=<pattern>]</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Pretend as if all the refs in <code>refs/remotes</code> are listed
|
|
on the command line as <em><commit></em>. If <em><pattern></em> is given, limit
|
|
remote-tracking branches to ones matching given shell glob.
|
|
If pattern lacks <em>?</em>, <em>*</em>, or <em>[</em>, <em>/*</em> at the end is implied.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--glob=<glob-pattern></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Pretend as if all the refs matching shell glob <em><glob-pattern></em>
|
|
are listed on the command line as <em><commit></em>. Leading <em>refs/</em>,
|
|
is automatically prepended if missing. If pattern lacks <em>?</em>, <em>*</em>,
|
|
or <em>[</em>, <em>/*</em> at the end is implied.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--exclude=<glob-pattern></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Do not include refs matching <em><glob-pattern></em> that the next <code>--all</code>,
|
|
<code>--branches</code>, <code>--tags</code>, <code>--remotes</code>, or <code>--glob</code> would otherwise
|
|
consider. Repetitions of this option accumulate exclusion patterns
|
|
up to the next <code>--all</code>, <code>--branches</code>, <code>--tags</code>, <code>--remotes</code>, or
|
|
<code>--glob</code> option (other options or arguments do not clear
|
|
accumulated patterns).</p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The patterns given should not begin with <code>refs/heads</code>, <code>refs/tags</code>, or
|
|
<code>refs/remotes</code> when applied to <code>--branches</code>, <code>--tags</code>, or <code>--remotes</code>,
|
|
respectively, and they must begin with <code>refs/</code> when applied to <code>--glob</code>
|
|
or <code>--all</code>. If a trailing <em>/*</em> is intended, it must be given
|
|
explicitly.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--reflog</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Pretend as if all objects mentioned by reflogs are listed on the
|
|
command line as <code><commit></code>.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--single-worktree</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>By default, all working trees will be examined by the
|
|
following options when there are more than one (see
|
|
<a href="git-worktree.html">git-worktree</a>(1)): <code>--all</code>, <code>--reflog</code> and
|
|
<code>--indexed-objects</code>.
|
|
This option forces them to examine the current working tree
|
|
only.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--ignore-missing</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Upon seeing an invalid object name in the input, pretend as if
|
|
the bad input was not given.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--stdin</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>In addition to the <em><commit></em> listed on the command
|
|
line, read them from the standard input. If a <code>--</code> separator is
|
|
seen, stop reading commits and start reading paths to limit the
|
|
result.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--quiet</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Don’t print anything to standard output. This form
|
|
is primarily meant to allow the caller to
|
|
test the exit status to see if a range of objects is fully
|
|
connected (or not). It is faster than redirecting stdout
|
|
to <code>/dev/null</code> as the output does not have to be formatted.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--cherry-mark</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Like <code>--cherry-pick</code> (see below) but mark equivalent commits
|
|
with <code>=</code> rather than omitting them, and inequivalent ones with <code>+</code>.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--cherry-pick</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Omit any commit that introduces the same change as
|
|
another commit on the “other side” when the set of
|
|
commits are limited with symmetric difference.</p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>For example, if you have two branches, <code>A</code> and <code>B</code>, a usual way
|
|
to list all commits on only one side of them is with
|
|
<code>--left-right</code> (see the example below in the description of
|
|
the <code>--left-right</code> option). However, it shows the commits that were
|
|
cherry-picked from the other branch (for example, “3rd on b” may be
|
|
cherry-picked from branch A). With this option, such pairs of commits are
|
|
excluded from the output.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--left-only</dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--right-only</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>List only commits on the respective side of a symmetric difference,
|
|
i.e. only those which would be marked <code><</code> resp. <code>></code> by
|
|
<code>--left-right</code>.</p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>For example, <code>--cherry-pick --right-only A...B</code> omits those
|
|
commits from <code>B</code> which are in <code>A</code> or are patch-equivalent to a commit in
|
|
<code>A</code>. In other words, this lists the <code>+</code> commits from <code>git cherry A B</code>.
|
|
More precisely, <code>--cherry-pick --right-only --no-merges</code> gives the exact
|
|
list.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--cherry</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>A synonym for <code>--right-only --cherry-mark --no-merges</code>; useful to
|
|
limit the output to the commits on our side and mark those that
|
|
have been applied to the other side of a forked history with
|
|
<code>git log --cherry upstream...mybranch</code>, similar to
|
|
<code>git cherry upstream mybranch</code>.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">-g</dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--walk-reflogs</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Instead of walking the commit ancestry chain, walk
|
|
reflog entries from the most recent one to older ones.
|
|
When this option is used you cannot specify commits to
|
|
exclude (that is, <em>^commit</em>, <em>commit1..commit2</em>,
|
|
and <em>commit1...commit2</em> notations cannot be used).</p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>With <code>--pretty</code> format other than <code>oneline</code> (for obvious reasons),
|
|
this causes the output to have two extra lines of information
|
|
taken from the reflog. The reflog designator in the output may be shown
|
|
as <code>ref@{Nth}</code> (where <code>Nth</code> is the reverse-chronological index in the
|
|
reflog) or as <code>ref@{timestamp}</code> (with the timestamp for that entry),
|
|
depending on a few rules:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="openblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<div class="olist arabic">
|
|
<ol class="arabic">
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>If the starting point is specified as <code>ref@{Nth}</code>, show the index
|
|
format.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>If the starting point was specified as <code>ref@{now}</code>, show the
|
|
timestamp format.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>If neither was used, but <code>--date</code> was given on the command line, show
|
|
the timestamp in the format requested by <code>--date</code>.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Otherwise, show the index format.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ol>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Under <code>--pretty=oneline</code>, the commit message is
|
|
prefixed with this information on the same line.
|
|
This option cannot be combined with <code>--reverse</code>.
|
|
See also <a href="git-reflog.html">git-reflog</a>(1).</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--merge</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>After a failed merge, show refs that touch files having a
|
|
conflict and don’t exist on all heads to merge.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--boundary</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Output excluded boundary commits. Boundary commits are
|
|
prefixed with <code>-</code>.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--use-bitmap-index</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Try to speed up the traversal using the pack bitmap index (if
|
|
one is available). Note that when traversing with <code>--objects</code>,
|
|
trees and blobs will not have their associated path printed.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--progress=<header></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Show progress reports on stderr as objects are considered. The
|
|
<code><header></code> text will be printed with each progress update.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="_history_simplification">History Simplification</h3>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Sometimes you are only interested in parts of the history, for example the
|
|
commits modifying a particular <path>. But there are two parts of
|
|
<em>History Simplification</em>, one part is selecting the commits and the other
|
|
is how to do it, as there are various strategies to simplify the history.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The following options select the commits to be shown:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="dlist">
|
|
<dl>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><paths></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Commits modifying the given <paths> are selected.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--simplify-by-decoration</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Commits that are referred by some branch or tag are selected.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Note that extra commits can be shown to give a meaningful history.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The following options affect the way the simplification is performed:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="dlist">
|
|
<dl>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">Default mode</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Simplifies the history to the simplest history explaining the
|
|
final state of the tree. Simplest because it prunes some side
|
|
branches if the end result is the same (i.e. merging branches
|
|
with the same content)</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--full-history</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Same as the default mode, but does not prune some history.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--dense</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Only the selected commits are shown, plus some to have a
|
|
meaningful history.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--sparse</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>All commits in the simplified history are shown.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--simplify-merges</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Additional option to <code>--full-history</code> to remove some needless
|
|
merges from the resulting history, as there are no selected
|
|
commits contributing to this merge.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--ancestry-path</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>When given a range of commits to display (e.g. <em>commit1..commit2</em>
|
|
or <em>commit2 ^commit1</em>), only display commits that exist
|
|
directly on the ancestry chain between the <em>commit1</em> and
|
|
<em>commit2</em>, i.e. commits that are both descendants of <em>commit1</em>,
|
|
and ancestors of <em>commit2</em>.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>A more detailed explanation follows.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Suppose you specified <code>foo</code> as the <paths>. We shall call commits
|
|
that modify <code>foo</code> !TREESAME, and the rest TREESAME. (In a diff
|
|
filtered for <code>foo</code>, they look different and equal, respectively.)</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>In the following, we will always refer to the same example history to
|
|
illustrate the differences between simplification settings. We assume
|
|
that you are filtering for a file <code>foo</code> in this commit graph:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre> .-A---M---N---O---P---Q
|
|
/ / / / / /
|
|
I B C D E Y
|
|
\ / / / / /
|
|
`-------------' X</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The horizontal line of history A---Q is taken to be the first parent of
|
|
each merge. The commits are:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="ulist">
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><code>I</code> is the initial commit, in which <code>foo</code> exists with contents
|
|
“asdf”, and a file <code>quux</code> exists with contents “quux”. Initial
|
|
commits are compared to an empty tree, so <code>I</code> is !TREESAME.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>In <code>A</code>, <code>foo</code> contains just “foo”.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><code>B</code> contains the same change as <code>A</code>. Its merge <code>M</code> is trivial and
|
|
hence TREESAME to all parents.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><code>C</code> does not change <code>foo</code>, but its merge <code>N</code> changes it to “foobar”,
|
|
so it is not TREESAME to any parent.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><code>D</code> sets <code>foo</code> to “baz”. Its merge <code>O</code> combines the strings from
|
|
<code>N</code> and <code>D</code> to “foobarbaz”; i.e., it is not TREESAME to any parent.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><code>E</code> changes <code>quux</code> to “xyzzy”, and its merge <code>P</code> combines the
|
|
strings to “quux xyzzy”. <code>P</code> is TREESAME to <code>O</code>, but not to <code>E</code>.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><code>X</code> is an independent root commit that added a new file <code>side</code>, and <code>Y</code>
|
|
modified it. <code>Y</code> is TREESAME to <code>X</code>. Its merge <code>Q</code> added <code>side</code> to <code>P</code>, and
|
|
<code>Q</code> is TREESAME to <code>P</code>, but not to <code>Y</code>.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p><code>rev-list</code> walks backwards through history, including or excluding
|
|
commits based on whether <code>--full-history</code> and/or parent rewriting
|
|
(via <code>--parents</code> or <code>--children</code>) are used. The following settings
|
|
are available.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="dlist">
|
|
<dl>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">Default mode</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Commits are included if they are not TREESAME to any parent
|
|
(though this can be changed, see <code>--sparse</code> below). If the
|
|
commit was a merge, and it was TREESAME to one parent, follow
|
|
only that parent. (Even if there are several TREESAME
|
|
parents, follow only one of them.) Otherwise, follow all
|
|
parents.</p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>This results in:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre> .-A---N---O
|
|
/ / /
|
|
I---------D</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Note how the rule to only follow the TREESAME parent, if one is
|
|
available, removed <code>B</code> from consideration entirely. <code>C</code> was
|
|
considered via <code>N</code>, but is TREESAME. Root commits are compared to an
|
|
empty tree, so <code>I</code> is !TREESAME.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Parent/child relations are only visible with <code>--parents</code>, but that does
|
|
not affect the commits selected in default mode, so we have shown the
|
|
parent lines.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--full-history without parent rewriting</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>This mode differs from the default in one point: always follow
|
|
all parents of a merge, even if it is TREESAME to one of them.
|
|
Even if more than one side of the merge has commits that are
|
|
included, this does not imply that the merge itself is! In
|
|
the example, we get</p>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre> I A B N D O P Q</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p><code>M</code> was excluded because it is TREESAME to both parents. <code>E</code>,
|
|
<code>C</code> and <code>B</code> were all walked, but only <code>B</code> was !TREESAME, so the others
|
|
do not appear.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Note that without parent rewriting, it is not really possible to talk
|
|
about the parent/child relationships between the commits, so we show
|
|
them disconnected.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--full-history with parent rewriting</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Ordinary commits are only included if they are !TREESAME
|
|
(though this can be changed, see <code>--sparse</code> below).</p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Merges are always included. However, their parent list is rewritten:
|
|
Along each parent, prune away commits that are not included
|
|
themselves. This results in</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre> .-A---M---N---O---P---Q
|
|
/ / / / /
|
|
I B / D /
|
|
\ / / / /
|
|
`-------------'</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Compare to <code>--full-history</code> without rewriting above. Note that <code>E</code>
|
|
was pruned away because it is TREESAME, but the parent list of P was
|
|
rewritten to contain <code>E</code>'s parent <code>I</code>. The same happened for <code>C</code> and
|
|
<code>N</code>, and <code>X</code>, <code>Y</code> and <code>Q</code>.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>In addition to the above settings, you can change whether TREESAME
|
|
affects inclusion:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="dlist">
|
|
<dl>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--dense</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Commits that are walked are included if they are not TREESAME
|
|
to any parent.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--sparse</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>All commits that are walked are included.</p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Note that without <code>--full-history</code>, this still simplifies merges: if
|
|
one of the parents is TREESAME, we follow only that one, so the other
|
|
sides of the merge are never walked.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--simplify-merges</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>First, build a history graph in the same way that
|
|
<code>--full-history</code> with parent rewriting does (see above).</p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Then simplify each commit <code>C</code> to its replacement <code>C'</code> in the final
|
|
history according to the following rules:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="openblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<div class="ulist">
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Set <code>C'</code> to <code>C</code>.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Replace each parent <code>P</code> of <code>C'</code> with its simplification <code>P'</code>. In
|
|
the process, drop parents that are ancestors of other parents or that are
|
|
root commits TREESAME to an empty tree, and remove duplicates, but take care
|
|
to never drop all parents that we are TREESAME to.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>If after this parent rewriting, <code>C'</code> is a root or merge commit (has
|
|
zero or >1 parents), a boundary commit, or !TREESAME, it remains.
|
|
Otherwise, it is replaced with its only parent.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The effect of this is best shown by way of comparing to
|
|
<code>--full-history</code> with parent rewriting. The example turns into:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre> .-A---M---N---O
|
|
/ / /
|
|
I B D
|
|
\ / /
|
|
`---------'</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Note the major differences in <code>N</code>, <code>P</code>, and <code>Q</code> over <code>--full-history</code>:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="openblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<div class="ulist">
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><code>N</code>'s parent list had <code>I</code> removed, because it is an ancestor of the
|
|
other parent <code>M</code>. Still, <code>N</code> remained because it is !TREESAME.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><code>P</code>'s parent list similarly had <code>I</code> removed. <code>P</code> was then
|
|
removed completely, because it had one parent and is TREESAME.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><code>Q</code>'s parent list had <code>Y</code> simplified to <code>X</code>. <code>X</code> was then removed, because it
|
|
was a TREESAME root. <code>Q</code> was then removed completely, because it had one
|
|
parent and is TREESAME.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Finally, there is a fifth simplification mode available:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="dlist">
|
|
<dl>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--ancestry-path</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Limit the displayed commits to those directly on the ancestry
|
|
chain between the “from” and “to” commits in the given commit
|
|
range. I.e. only display commits that are ancestor of the “to”
|
|
commit and descendants of the “from” commit.</p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>As an example use case, consider the following commit history:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre> D---E-------F
|
|
/ \ \
|
|
B---C---G---H---I---J
|
|
/ \
|
|
A-------K---------------L--M</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>A regular <em>D..M</em> computes the set of commits that are ancestors of <code>M</code>,
|
|
but excludes the ones that are ancestors of <code>D</code>. This is useful to see
|
|
what happened to the history leading to <code>M</code> since <code>D</code>, in the sense
|
|
that “what does <code>M</code> have that did not exist in <code>D</code>”. The result in this
|
|
example would be all the commits, except <code>A</code> and <code>B</code> (and <code>D</code> itself,
|
|
of course).</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>When we want to find out what commits in <code>M</code> are contaminated with the
|
|
bug introduced by <code>D</code> and need fixing, however, we might want to view
|
|
only the subset of <em>D..M</em> that are actually descendants of <code>D</code>, i.e.
|
|
excluding <code>C</code> and <code>K</code>. This is exactly what the <code>--ancestry-path</code>
|
|
option does. Applied to the <em>D..M</em> range, it results in:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre> E-------F
|
|
\ \
|
|
G---H---I---J
|
|
\
|
|
L--M</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The <code>--simplify-by-decoration</code> option allows you to view only the
|
|
big picture of the topology of the history, by omitting commits
|
|
that are not referenced by tags. Commits are marked as !TREESAME
|
|
(in other words, kept after history simplification rules described
|
|
above) if (1) they are referenced by tags, or (2) they change the
|
|
contents of the paths given on the command line. All other
|
|
commits are marked as TREESAME (subject to be simplified away).</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="_bisection_helpers">Bisection Helpers</h3>
|
|
<div class="dlist">
|
|
<dl>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--bisect</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Limit output to the one commit object which is roughly halfway between
|
|
included and excluded commits. Note that the bad bisection ref
|
|
<code>refs/bisect/bad</code> is added to the included commits (if it
|
|
exists) and the good bisection refs <code>refs/bisect/good-*</code> are
|
|
added to the excluded commits (if they exist). Thus, supposing there
|
|
are no refs in <code>refs/bisect/</code>, if</p>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre> $ git rev-list --bisect foo ^bar ^baz</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>outputs <em>midpoint</em>, the output of the two commands</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre> $ git rev-list foo ^midpoint
|
|
$ git rev-list midpoint ^bar ^baz</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>would be of roughly the same length. Finding the change which
|
|
introduces a regression is thus reduced to a binary search: repeatedly
|
|
generate and test new 'midpoint’s until the commit chain is of length
|
|
one. Cannot be combined with --first-parent.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--bisect-vars</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>This calculates the same as <code>--bisect</code>, except that refs in
|
|
<code>refs/bisect/</code> are not used, and except that this outputs
|
|
text ready to be eval’ed by the shell. These lines will assign the
|
|
name of the midpoint revision to the variable <code>bisect_rev</code>, and the
|
|
expected number of commits to be tested after <code>bisect_rev</code> is tested
|
|
to <code>bisect_nr</code>, the expected number of commits to be tested if
|
|
<code>bisect_rev</code> turns out to be good to <code>bisect_good</code>, the expected
|
|
number of commits to be tested if <code>bisect_rev</code> turns out to be bad to
|
|
<code>bisect_bad</code>, and the number of commits we are bisecting right now to
|
|
<code>bisect_all</code>.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--bisect-all</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>This outputs all the commit objects between the included and excluded
|
|
commits, ordered by their distance to the included and excluded
|
|
commits. Refs in <code>refs/bisect/</code> are not used. The farthest
|
|
from them is displayed first. (This is the only one displayed by
|
|
<code>--bisect</code>.)</p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>This is useful because it makes it easy to choose a good commit to
|
|
test when you want to avoid to test some of them for some reason (they
|
|
may not compile for example).</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>This option can be used along with <code>--bisect-vars</code>, in this case,
|
|
after all the sorted commit objects, there will be the same text as if
|
|
<code>--bisect-vars</code> had been used alone.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="_commit_ordering">Commit Ordering</h3>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>By default, the commits are shown in reverse chronological order.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="dlist">
|
|
<dl>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--date-order</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Show no parents before all of its children are shown, but
|
|
otherwise show commits in the commit timestamp order.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--author-date-order</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Show no parents before all of its children are shown, but
|
|
otherwise show commits in the author timestamp order.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--topo-order</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Show no parents before all of its children are shown, and
|
|
avoid showing commits on multiple lines of history
|
|
intermixed.</p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>For example, in a commit history like this:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre> ---1----2----4----7
|
|
\ \
|
|
3----5----6----8---</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>where the numbers denote the order of commit timestamps, <code>git
|
|
rev-list</code> and friends with <code>--date-order</code> show the commits in the
|
|
timestamp order: 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>With <code>--topo-order</code>, they would show 8 6 5 3 7 4 2 1 (or 8 7 4 2 6 5
|
|
3 1); some older commits are shown before newer ones in order to
|
|
avoid showing the commits from two parallel development track mixed
|
|
together.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--reverse</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Output the commits chosen to be shown (see Commit Limiting
|
|
section above) in reverse order. Cannot be combined with
|
|
<code>--walk-reflogs</code>.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="_object_traversal">Object Traversal</h3>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>These options are mostly targeted for packing of Git repositories.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="dlist">
|
|
<dl>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--objects</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Print the object IDs of any object referenced by the listed
|
|
commits. <code>--objects foo ^bar</code> thus means “send me
|
|
all object IDs which I need to download if I have the commit
|
|
object <em>bar</em> but not <em>foo</em>”.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--in-commit-order</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Print tree and blob ids in order of the commits. The tree
|
|
and blob ids are printed after they are first referenced
|
|
by a commit.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--objects-edge</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Similar to <code>--objects</code>, but also print the IDs of excluded
|
|
commits prefixed with a “-” character. This is used by
|
|
<a href="git-pack-objects.html">git-pack-objects</a>(1) to build a “thin” pack, which records
|
|
objects in deltified form based on objects contained in these
|
|
excluded commits to reduce network traffic.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--objects-edge-aggressive</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Similar to <code>--objects-edge</code>, but it tries harder to find excluded
|
|
commits at the cost of increased time. This is used instead of
|
|
<code>--objects-edge</code> to build “thin” packs for shallow repositories.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--indexed-objects</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Pretend as if all trees and blobs used by the index are listed
|
|
on the command line. Note that you probably want to use
|
|
<code>--objects</code>, too.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--unpacked</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Only useful with <code>--objects</code>; print the object IDs that are not
|
|
in packs.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--filter=<filter-spec></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Only useful with one of the <code>--objects*</code>; omits objects (usually
|
|
blobs) from the list of printed objects. The <em><filter-spec></em>
|
|
may be one of the following:</p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The form <em>--filter=blob:none</em> omits all blobs.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The form <em>--filter=blob:limit=<n>[kmg]</em> omits blobs larger than n bytes
|
|
or units. n may be zero. The suffixes k, m, and g can be used to name
|
|
units in KiB, MiB, or GiB. For example, <em>blob:limit=1k</em> is the same
|
|
as <em>blob:limit=1024</em>.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The form <em>--filter=sparse:oid=<blob-ish></em> uses a sparse-checkout
|
|
specification contained in the blob (or blob-expression) <em><blob-ish></em>
|
|
to omit blobs that would not be not required for a sparse checkout on
|
|
the requested refs.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The form <em>--filter=sparse:path=<path></em> similarly uses a sparse-checkout
|
|
specification contained in <path>.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The form <em>--filter=tree:<depth></em> omits all blobs and trees whose depth
|
|
from the root tree is >= <depth> (minimum depth if an object is located
|
|
at multiple depths in the commits traversed). <depth>=0 will not include
|
|
any trees or blobs unless included explicitly in the command-line (or
|
|
standard input when --stdin is used). <depth>=1 will include only the
|
|
tree and blobs which are referenced directly by a commit reachable from
|
|
<commit> or an explicitly-given object. <depth>=2 is like <depth>=1
|
|
while also including trees and blobs one more level removed from an
|
|
explicitly-given commit or tree.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--no-filter</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Turn off any previous <code>--filter=</code> argument.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--filter-print-omitted</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Only useful with <code>--filter=</code>; prints a list of the objects omitted
|
|
by the filter. Object IDs are prefixed with a “~” character.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--missing=<missing-action></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>A debug option to help with future "partial clone" development.
|
|
This option specifies how missing objects are handled.</p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The form <em>--missing=error</em> requests that rev-list stop with an error if
|
|
a missing object is encountered. This is the default action.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The form <em>--missing=allow-any</em> will allow object traversal to continue
|
|
if a missing object is encountered. Missing objects will silently be
|
|
omitted from the results.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The form <em>--missing=allow-promisor</em> is like <em>allow-any</em>, but will only
|
|
allow object traversal to continue for EXPECTED promisor missing objects.
|
|
Unexpected missing objects will raise an error.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The form <em>--missing=print</em> is like <em>allow-any</em>, but will also print a
|
|
list of the missing objects. Object IDs are prefixed with a “?” character.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--exclude-promisor-objects</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>(For internal use only.) Prefilter object traversal at
|
|
promisor boundary. This is used with partial clone. This is
|
|
stronger than <code>--missing=allow-promisor</code> because it limits the
|
|
traversal, rather than just silencing errors about missing
|
|
objects.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--no-walk[=(sorted|unsorted)]</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Only show the given commits, but do not traverse their ancestors.
|
|
This has no effect if a range is specified. If the argument
|
|
<code>unsorted</code> is given, the commits are shown in the order they were
|
|
given on the command line. Otherwise (if <code>sorted</code> or no argument
|
|
was given), the commits are shown in reverse chronological order
|
|
by commit time.
|
|
Cannot be combined with <code>--graph</code>.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--do-walk</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Overrides a previous <code>--no-walk</code>.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="_commit_formatting">Commit Formatting</h3>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Using these options, <a href="git-rev-list.html">git-rev-list</a>(1) will act similar to the
|
|
more specialized family of commit log tools: <a href="git-log.html">git-log</a>(1),
|
|
<a href="git-show.html">git-show</a>(1), and <a href="git-whatchanged.html">git-whatchanged</a>(1)</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="dlist">
|
|
<dl>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--pretty[=<format>]</dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--format=<format></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Pretty-print the contents of the commit logs in a given format,
|
|
where <em><format></em> can be one of <em>oneline</em>, <em>short</em>, <em>medium</em>,
|
|
<em>full</em>, <em>fuller</em>, <em>email</em>, <em>raw</em>, <em>format:<string></em>
|
|
and <em>tformat:<string></em>. When <em><format></em> is none of the above,
|
|
and has <em>%placeholder</em> in it, it acts as if
|
|
<em>--pretty=tformat:<format></em> were given.</p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>See the "PRETTY FORMATS" section for some additional details for each
|
|
format. When <em>=<format></em> part is omitted, it defaults to <em>medium</em>.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Note: you can specify the default pretty format in the repository
|
|
configuration (see <a href="git-config.html">git-config</a>(1)).</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--abbrev-commit</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Instead of showing the full 40-byte hexadecimal commit object
|
|
name, show only a partial prefix. Non default number of
|
|
digits can be specified with "--abbrev=<n>" (which also modifies
|
|
diff output, if it is displayed).</p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>This should make "--pretty=oneline" a whole lot more readable for
|
|
people using 80-column terminals.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--no-abbrev-commit</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Show the full 40-byte hexadecimal commit object name. This negates
|
|
<code>--abbrev-commit</code> and those options which imply it such as
|
|
"--oneline". It also overrides the <code>log.abbrevCommit</code> variable.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--oneline</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>This is a shorthand for "--pretty=oneline --abbrev-commit"
|
|
used together.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--encoding=<encoding></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>The commit objects record the encoding used for the log message
|
|
in their encoding header; this option can be used to tell the
|
|
command to re-code the commit log message in the encoding
|
|
preferred by the user. For non plumbing commands this
|
|
defaults to UTF-8. Note that if an object claims to be encoded
|
|
in <code>X</code> and we are outputting in <code>X</code>, we will output the object
|
|
verbatim; this means that invalid sequences in the original
|
|
commit may be copied to the output.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--expand-tabs=<n></dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--expand-tabs</dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--no-expand-tabs</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Perform a tab expansion (replace each tab with enough spaces
|
|
to fill to the next display column that is multiple of <em><n></em>)
|
|
in the log message before showing it in the output.
|
|
<code>--expand-tabs</code> is a short-hand for <code>--expand-tabs=8</code>, and
|
|
<code>--no-expand-tabs</code> is a short-hand for <code>--expand-tabs=0</code>,
|
|
which disables tab expansion.</p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>By default, tabs are expanded in pretty formats that indent the log
|
|
message by 4 spaces (i.e. <em>medium</em>, which is the default, <em>full</em>,
|
|
and <em>fuller</em>).</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--show-signature</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Check the validity of a signed commit object by passing the signature
|
|
to <code>gpg --verify</code> and show the output.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--relative-date</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Synonym for <code>--date=relative</code>.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--date=<format></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Only takes effect for dates shown in human-readable format, such
|
|
as when using <code>--pretty</code>. <code>log.date</code> config variable sets a default
|
|
value for the log command’s <code>--date</code> option. By default, dates
|
|
are shown in the original time zone (either committer’s or
|
|
author’s). If <code>-local</code> is appended to the format (e.g.,
|
|
<code>iso-local</code>), the user’s local time zone is used instead.</p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p><code>--date=relative</code> shows dates relative to the current time,
|
|
e.g. “2 hours ago”. The <code>-local</code> option has no effect for
|
|
<code>--date=relative</code>.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p><code>--date=local</code> is an alias for <code>--date=default-local</code>.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p><code>--date=iso</code> (or <code>--date=iso8601</code>) shows timestamps in a ISO 8601-like format.
|
|
The differences to the strict ISO 8601 format are:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="ulist">
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>a space instead of the <code>T</code> date/time delimiter</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>a space between time and time zone</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>no colon between hours and minutes of the time zone</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p><code>--date=iso-strict</code> (or <code>--date=iso8601-strict</code>) shows timestamps in strict
|
|
ISO 8601 format.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>+
|
|
<code>--date=rfc</code> (or <code>--date=rfc2822</code>) shows timestamps in RFC 2822
|
|
format, often found in email messages.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>+
|
|
<code>--date=short</code> shows only the date, but not the time, in <code>YYYY-MM-DD</code> format.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>+
|
|
<code>--date=raw</code> shows the date as seconds since the epoch (1970-01-01
|
|
00:00:00 UTC), followed by a space, and then the timezone as an offset
|
|
from UTC (a <code>+</code> or <code>-</code> with four digits; the first two are hours, and
|
|
the second two are minutes). I.e., as if the timestamp were formatted
|
|
with <code>strftime("%s %z")</code>).
|
|
Note that the <code>-local</code> option does not affect the seconds-since-epoch
|
|
value (which is always measured in UTC), but does switch the accompanying
|
|
timezone value.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>+
|
|
<code>--date=human</code> shows the timezone if the timezone does not match the
|
|
current time-zone, and doesn’t print the whole date if that matches
|
|
(ie skip printing year for dates that are "this year", but also skip
|
|
the whole date itself if it’s in the last few days and we can just say
|
|
what weekday it was). For older dates the hour and minute is also
|
|
omitted.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>+
|
|
<code>--date=unix</code> shows the date as a Unix epoch timestamp (seconds since
|
|
1970). As with <code>--raw</code>, this is always in UTC and therefore <code>-local</code>
|
|
has no effect.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>+
|
|
<code>--date=format:...</code> feeds the format <code>...</code> to your system <code>strftime</code>,
|
|
except for %z and %Z, which are handled internally.
|
|
Use <code>--date=format:%c</code> to show the date in your system locale’s
|
|
preferred format. See the <code>strftime</code> manual for a complete list of
|
|
format placeholders. When using <code>-local</code>, the correct syntax is
|
|
<code>--date=format-local:...</code>.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>+
|
|
<code>--date=default</code> is the default format, and is similar to
|
|
<code>--date=rfc2822</code>, with a few exceptions:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="ulist">
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>there is no comma after the day-of-week</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>the time zone is omitted when the local time zone is used</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--header</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Print the contents of the commit in raw-format; each record is
|
|
separated with a NUL character.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--parents</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Print also the parents of the commit (in the form "commit parent…​").
|
|
Also enables parent rewriting, see <em>History Simplification</em> above.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--children</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Print also the children of the commit (in the form "commit child…​").
|
|
Also enables parent rewriting, see <em>History Simplification</em> above.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--timestamp</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Print the raw commit timestamp.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--left-right</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Mark which side of a symmetric difference a commit is reachable from.
|
|
Commits from the left side are prefixed with <code><</code> and those from
|
|
the right with <code>></code>. If combined with <code>--boundary</code>, those
|
|
commits are prefixed with <code>-</code>.</p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>For example, if you have this topology:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre> y---b---b branch B
|
|
/ \ /
|
|
/ .
|
|
/ / \
|
|
o---x---a---a branch A</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>you would get an output like this:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre> $ git rev-list --left-right --boundary --pretty=oneline A...B
|
|
|
|
>bbbbbbb... 3rd on b
|
|
>bbbbbbb... 2nd on b
|
|
<aaaaaaa... 3rd on a
|
|
<aaaaaaa... 2nd on a
|
|
-yyyyyyy... 1st on b
|
|
-xxxxxxx... 1st on a</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--graph</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Draw a text-based graphical representation of the commit history
|
|
on the left hand side of the output. This may cause extra lines
|
|
to be printed in between commits, in order for the graph history
|
|
to be drawn properly.
|
|
Cannot be combined with <code>--no-walk</code>.</p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>This enables parent rewriting, see <em>History Simplification</em> above.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>This implies the <code>--topo-order</code> option by default, but the
|
|
<code>--date-order</code> option may also be specified.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--show-linear-break[=<barrier>]</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>When --graph is not used, all history branches are flattened
|
|
which can make it hard to see that the two consecutive commits
|
|
do not belong to a linear branch. This option puts a barrier
|
|
in between them in that case. If <code><barrier></code> is specified, it
|
|
is the string that will be shown instead of the default one.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--count</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Print a number stating how many commits would have been
|
|
listed, and suppress all other output. When used together
|
|
with <code>--left-right</code>, instead print the counts for left and
|
|
right commits, separated by a tab. When used together with
|
|
<code>--cherry-mark</code>, omit patch equivalent commits from these
|
|
counts and print the count for equivalent commits separated
|
|
by a tab.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_pretty_formats">PRETTY FORMATS</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>If the commit is a merge, and if the pretty-format
|
|
is not <em>oneline</em>, <em>email</em> or <em>raw</em>, an additional line is
|
|
inserted before the <em>Author:</em> line. This line begins with
|
|
"Merge: " and the sha1s of ancestral commits are printed,
|
|
separated by spaces. Note that the listed commits may not
|
|
necessarily be the list of the <strong>direct</strong> parent commits if you
|
|
have limited your view of history: for example, if you are
|
|
only interested in changes related to a certain directory or
|
|
file.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>There are several built-in formats, and you can define
|
|
additional formats by setting a pretty.<name>
|
|
config option to either another format name, or a
|
|
<em>format:</em> string, as described below (see
|
|
<a href="git-config.html">git-config</a>(1)). Here are the details of the
|
|
built-in formats:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="ulist">
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><em>oneline</em></p>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><sha1> <title line></pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>This is designed to be as compact as possible.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><em>short</em></p>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>commit <sha1>
|
|
Author: <author></pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><title line></pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><em>medium</em></p>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>commit <sha1>
|
|
Author: <author>
|
|
Date: <author date></pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><title line></pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><full commit message></pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><em>full</em></p>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>commit <sha1>
|
|
Author: <author>
|
|
Commit: <committer></pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><title line></pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><full commit message></pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><em>fuller</em></p>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>commit <sha1>
|
|
Author: <author>
|
|
AuthorDate: <author date>
|
|
Commit: <committer>
|
|
CommitDate: <committer date></pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><title line></pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><full commit message></pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><em>email</em></p>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>From <sha1> <date>
|
|
From: <author>
|
|
Date: <author date>
|
|
Subject: [PATCH] <title line></pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><full commit message></pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><em>raw</em></p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The <em>raw</em> format shows the entire commit exactly as
|
|
stored in the commit object. Notably, the SHA-1s are
|
|
displayed in full, regardless of whether --abbrev or
|
|
--no-abbrev are used, and <em>parents</em> information show the
|
|
true parent commits, without taking grafts or history
|
|
simplification into account. Note that this format affects the way
|
|
commits are displayed, but not the way the diff is shown e.g. with
|
|
<code>git log --raw</code>. To get full object names in a raw diff format,
|
|
use <code>--no-abbrev</code>.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><em>format:<string></em></p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The <em>format:<string></em> format allows you to specify which information
|
|
you want to show. It works a little bit like printf format,
|
|
with the notable exception that you get a newline with <em>%n</em>
|
|
instead of <em>\n</em>.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>E.g, <em>format:"The author of %h was %an, %ar%nThe title was >>%s<<%n"</em>
|
|
would show something like this:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>The author of fe6e0ee was Junio C Hamano, 23 hours ago
|
|
The title was >>t4119: test autocomputing -p<n> for traditional diff input.<<</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The placeholders are:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="ulist">
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><em>%H</em>: commit hash</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><em>%h</em>: abbreviated commit hash</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><em>%T</em>: tree hash</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><em>%t</em>: abbreviated tree hash</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><em>%P</em>: parent hashes</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><em>%p</em>: abbreviated parent hashes</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><em>%an</em>: author name</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><em>%aN</em>: author name (respecting .mailmap, see <a href="git-shortlog.html">git-shortlog</a>(1)
|
|
or <a href="git-blame.html">git-blame</a>(1))</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><em>%ae</em>: author email</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><em>%aE</em>: author email (respecting .mailmap, see
|
|
<a href="git-shortlog.html">git-shortlog</a>(1) or <a href="git-blame.html">git-blame</a>(1))</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><em>%ad</em>: author date (format respects --date= option)</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><em>%aD</em>: author date, RFC2822 style</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><em>%ar</em>: author date, relative</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><em>%at</em>: author date, UNIX timestamp</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><em>%ai</em>: author date, ISO 8601-like format</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><em>%aI</em>: author date, strict ISO 8601 format</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><em>%cn</em>: committer name</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><em>%cN</em>: committer name (respecting .mailmap, see
|
|
<a href="git-shortlog.html">git-shortlog</a>(1) or <a href="git-blame.html">git-blame</a>(1))</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><em>%ce</em>: committer email</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><em>%cE</em>: committer email (respecting .mailmap, see
|
|
<a href="git-shortlog.html">git-shortlog</a>(1) or <a href="git-blame.html">git-blame</a>(1))</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><em>%cd</em>: committer date (format respects --date= option)</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><em>%cD</em>: committer date, RFC2822 style</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><em>%cr</em>: committer date, relative</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><em>%ct</em>: committer date, UNIX timestamp</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><em>%ci</em>: committer date, ISO 8601-like format</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><em>%cI</em>: committer date, strict ISO 8601 format</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><em>%d</em>: ref names, like the --decorate option of <a href="git-log.html">git-log</a>(1)</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><em>%D</em>: ref names without the " (", ")" wrapping.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><em>%S</em>: ref name given on the command line by which the commit was reached
|
|
(like <code>git log --source</code>), only works with <code>git log</code></p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><em>%e</em>: encoding</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><em>%s</em>: subject</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><em>%f</em>: sanitized subject line, suitable for a filename</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><em>%b</em>: body</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><em>%B</em>: raw body (unwrapped subject and body)</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><em>%GG</em>: raw verification message from GPG for a signed commit</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><em>%G?</em>: show "G" for a good (valid) signature,
|
|
"B" for a bad signature,
|
|
"U" for a good signature with unknown validity,
|
|
"X" for a good signature that has expired,
|
|
"Y" for a good signature made by an expired key,
|
|
"R" for a good signature made by a revoked key,
|
|
"E" if the signature cannot be checked (e.g. missing key)
|
|
and "N" for no signature</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><em>%GS</em>: show the name of the signer for a signed commit</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><em>%GK</em>: show the key used to sign a signed commit</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><em>%GF</em>: show the fingerprint of the key used to sign a signed commit</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><em>%GP</em>: show the fingerprint of the primary key whose subkey was used
|
|
to sign a signed commit</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><em>%gD</em>: reflog selector, e.g., <code>refs/stash@{1}</code> or
|
|
<code>refs/stash@{2 minutes ago</code>}; the format follows the rules described
|
|
for the <code>-g</code> option. The portion before the <code>@</code> is the refname as
|
|
given on the command line (so <code>git log -g refs/heads/master</code> would
|
|
yield <code>refs/heads/master@{0}</code>).</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><em>%gd</em>: shortened reflog selector; same as <code>%gD</code>, but the refname
|
|
portion is shortened for human readability (so <code>refs/heads/master</code>
|
|
becomes just <code>master</code>).</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><em>%gn</em>: reflog identity name</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><em>%gN</em>: reflog identity name (respecting .mailmap, see
|
|
<a href="git-shortlog.html">git-shortlog</a>(1) or <a href="git-blame.html">git-blame</a>(1))</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><em>%ge</em>: reflog identity email</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><em>%gE</em>: reflog identity email (respecting .mailmap, see
|
|
<a href="git-shortlog.html">git-shortlog</a>(1) or <a href="git-blame.html">git-blame</a>(1))</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><em>%gs</em>: reflog subject</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><em>%Cred</em>: switch color to red</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><em>%Cgreen</em>: switch color to green</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><em>%Cblue</em>: switch color to blue</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><em>%Creset</em>: reset color</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><em>%C(…​)</em>: color specification, as described under Values in the
|
|
"CONFIGURATION FILE" section of <a href="git-config.html">git-config</a>(1).
|
|
By default, colors are shown only when enabled for log output (by
|
|
<code>color.diff</code>, <code>color.ui</code>, or <code>--color</code>, and respecting the <code>auto</code>
|
|
settings of the former if we are going to a terminal). <code>%C(auto,...)</code>
|
|
is accepted as a historical synonym for the default (e.g.,
|
|
<code>%C(auto,red)</code>). Specifying <code>%C(always,...)</code> will show the colors
|
|
even when color is not otherwise enabled (though consider
|
|
just using <code>--color=always</code> to enable color for the whole output,
|
|
including this format and anything else git might color). <code>auto</code>
|
|
alone (i.e. <code>%C(auto)</code>) will turn on auto coloring on the next
|
|
placeholders until the color is switched again.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><em>%m</em>: left (<code><</code>), right (<code>></code>) or boundary (<code>-</code>) mark</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><em>%n</em>: newline</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><em>%%</em>: a raw <em>%</em></p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><em>%x00</em>: print a byte from a hex code</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><em>%w([<w>[,<i1>[,<i2>]]])</em>: switch line wrapping, like the -w option of
|
|
<a href="git-shortlog.html">git-shortlog</a>(1).</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><em>%<(<N>[,trunc|ltrunc|mtrunc])</em>: make the next placeholder take at
|
|
least N columns, padding spaces on the right if necessary.
|
|
Optionally truncate at the beginning (ltrunc), the middle (mtrunc)
|
|
or the end (trunc) if the output is longer than N columns.
|
|
Note that truncating only works correctly with N >= 2.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><em>%<|(<N>)</em>: make the next placeholder take at least until Nth
|
|
columns, padding spaces on the right if necessary</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><em>%>(<N>)</em>, <em>%>|(<N>)</em>: similar to <em>%<(<N>)</em>, <em>%<|(<N>)</em>
|
|
respectively, but padding spaces on the left</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><em>%>>(<N>)</em>, <em>%>>|(<N>)</em>: similar to <em>%>(<N>)</em>, <em>%>|(<N>)</em>
|
|
respectively, except that if the next placeholder takes more spaces
|
|
than given and there are spaces on its left, use those spaces</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><em>%><(<N>)</em>, <em>%><|(<N>)</em>: similar to <em>%<(<N>)</em>, <em>%<|(<N>)</em>
|
|
respectively, but padding both sides (i.e. the text is centered)</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>%(trailers[:options]): display the trailers of the body as interpreted
|
|
by <a href="git-interpret-trailers.html">git-interpret-trailers</a>(1). The <code>trailers</code> string may be
|
|
followed by a colon and zero or more comma-separated options. If the
|
|
<code>only</code> option is given, omit non-trailer lines from the trailer block.
|
|
If the <code>unfold</code> option is given, behave as if interpret-trailer’s
|
|
<code>--unfold</code> option was given. E.g., <code>%(trailers:only,unfold)</code> to do
|
|
both.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="admonitionblock note">
|
|
<table>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="icon">
|
|
<div class="title">Note</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td class="content">
|
|
Some placeholders may depend on other options given to the
|
|
revision traversal engine. For example, the <code>%g*</code> reflog options will
|
|
insert an empty string unless we are traversing reflog entries (e.g., by
|
|
<code>git log -g</code>). The <code>%d</code> and <code>%D</code> placeholders will use the "short"
|
|
decoration format if <code>--decorate</code> was not already provided on the command
|
|
line.
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</div>
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|
<div class="paragraph">
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|
<p>If you add a <code>+</code> (plus sign) after <em>%</em> of a placeholder, a line-feed
|
|
is inserted immediately before the expansion if and only if the
|
|
placeholder expands to a non-empty string.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>If you add a <code>-</code> (minus sign) after <em>%</em> of a placeholder, all consecutive
|
|
line-feeds immediately preceding the expansion are deleted if and only if the
|
|
placeholder expands to an empty string.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>If you add a ` ` (space) after <em>%</em> of a placeholder, a space
|
|
is inserted immediately before the expansion if and only if the
|
|
placeholder expands to a non-empty string.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="ulist">
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><em>tformat:</em></p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The <em>tformat:</em> format works exactly like <em>format:</em>, except that it
|
|
provides "terminator" semantics instead of "separator" semantics. In
|
|
other words, each commit has the message terminator character (usually a
|
|
newline) appended, rather than a separator placed between entries.
|
|
This means that the final entry of a single-line format will be properly
|
|
terminated with a new line, just as the "oneline" format does.
|
|
For example:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>$ git log -2 --pretty=format:%h 4da45bef \
|
|
| perl -pe '$_ .= " -- NO NEWLINE\n" unless /\n/'
|
|
4da45be
|
|
7134973 -- NO NEWLINE
|
|
|
|
$ git log -2 --pretty=tformat:%h 4da45bef \
|
|
| perl -pe '$_ .= " -- NO NEWLINE\n" unless /\n/'
|
|
4da45be
|
|
7134973</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>In addition, any unrecognized string that has a <code>%</code> in it is interpreted
|
|
as if it has <code>tformat:</code> in front of it. For example, these two are
|
|
equivalent:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>$ git log -2 --pretty=tformat:%h 4da45bef
|
|
$ git log -2 --pretty=%h 4da45bef</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_git">GIT</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git</a>(1) suite</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div id="footer">
|
|
<div id="footer-text">
|
|
Last updated 2019-02-26 19:31:11 UTC
|
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</div>
|
|
</div>
|
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</body>
|
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</html> |