865 lines
46 KiB
HTML
865 lines
46 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="en">
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<head>
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<meta charset="UTF-8">
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<!--[if IE]><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"><![endif]-->
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
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<meta name="generator" content="Asciidoctor 1.5.8">
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<title>Git Protocol Capabilities</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300,300italic,400,400italic,600,600italic%7CNoto+Serif:400,400italic,700,700italic%7CDroid+Sans+Mono:400,700">
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<style>
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/* Asciidoctor default stylesheet | MIT License | http://asciidoctor.org */
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/* Uncomment @import statement below to use as custom stylesheet */
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</style>
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</head>
|
|
<body class="article">
|
|
<div id="header">
|
|
<h1>Git Protocol Capabilities</h1>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div id="content">
|
|
<div id="preamble">
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Servers SHOULD support all capabilities defined in this document.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>On the very first line of the initial server response of either
|
|
receive-pack and upload-pack the first reference is followed by
|
|
a NUL byte and then a list of space delimited server capabilities.
|
|
These allow the server to declare what it can and cannot support
|
|
to the client.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Client will then send a space separated list of capabilities it wants
|
|
to be in effect. The client MUST NOT ask for capabilities the server
|
|
did not say it supports.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Server MUST diagnose and abort if capabilities it does not understand
|
|
was sent. Server MUST NOT ignore capabilities that client requested
|
|
and server advertised. As a consequence of these rules, server MUST
|
|
NOT advertise capabilities it does not understand.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The <em>atomic</em>, <em>report-status</em>, <em>delete-refs</em>, <em>quiet</em>, and <em>push-cert</em>
|
|
capabilities are sent and recognized by the receive-pack (push to server)
|
|
process.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The <em>ofs-delta</em> and <em>side-band-64k</em> capabilities are sent and recognized
|
|
by both upload-pack and receive-pack protocols. The <em>agent</em> capability
|
|
may optionally be sent in both protocols.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>All other capabilities are only recognized by the upload-pack (fetch
|
|
from server) process.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_multi_ack">multi_ack</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The <em>multi_ack</em> capability allows the server to return "ACK obj-id
|
|
continue" as soon as it finds a commit that it can use as a common
|
|
base, between the client’s wants and the client’s have set.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>By sending this early, the server can potentially head off the client
|
|
from walking any further down that particular branch of the client’s
|
|
repository history. The client may still need to walk down other
|
|
branches, sending have lines for those, until the server has a
|
|
complete cut across the DAG, or the client has said "done".</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Without multi_ack, a client sends have lines in --date-order until
|
|
the server has found a common base. That means the client will send
|
|
have lines that are already known by the server to be common, because
|
|
they overlap in time with another branch that the server hasn’t found
|
|
a common base on yet.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>For example suppose the client has commits in caps that the server
|
|
doesn’t and the server has commits in lower case that the client
|
|
doesn’t, as in the following diagram:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre> +---- u ---------------------- x
|
|
/ +----- y
|
|
/ /
|
|
a -- b -- c -- d -- E -- F
|
|
\
|
|
+--- Q -- R -- S</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>If the client wants x,y and starts out by saying have F,S, the server
|
|
doesn’t know what F,S is. Eventually the client says "have d" and
|
|
the server sends "ACK d continue" to let the client know to stop
|
|
walking down that line (so don’t send c-b-a), but it’s not done yet,
|
|
it needs a base for x. The client keeps going with S-R-Q, until a
|
|
gets reached, at which point the server has a clear base and it all
|
|
ends.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Without multi_ack the client would have sent that c-b-a chain anyway,
|
|
interleaved with S-R-Q.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_multi_ack_detailed">multi_ack_detailed</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>This is an extension of multi_ack that permits client to better
|
|
understand the server’s in-memory state. See pack-protocol.txt,
|
|
section "Packfile Negotiation" for more information.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_no_done">no-done</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>This capability should only be used with the smart HTTP protocol. If
|
|
multi_ack_detailed and no-done are both present, then the sender is
|
|
free to immediately send a pack following its first "ACK obj-id ready"
|
|
message.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Without no-done in the smart HTTP protocol, the server session would
|
|
end and the client has to make another trip to send "done" before
|
|
the server can send the pack. no-done removes the last round and
|
|
thus slightly reduces latency.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_thin_pack">thin-pack</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>A thin pack is one with deltas which reference base objects not
|
|
contained within the pack (but are known to exist at the receiving
|
|
end). This can reduce the network traffic significantly, but it
|
|
requires the receiving end to know how to "thicken" these packs by
|
|
adding the missing bases to the pack.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The upload-pack server advertises <em>thin-pack</em> when it can generate
|
|
and send a thin pack. A client requests the <em>thin-pack</em> capability
|
|
when it understands how to "thicken" it, notifying the server that
|
|
it can receive such a pack. A client MUST NOT request the
|
|
<em>thin-pack</em> capability if it cannot turn a thin pack into a
|
|
self-contained pack.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Receive-pack, on the other hand, is assumed by default to be able to
|
|
handle thin packs, but can ask the client not to use the feature by
|
|
advertising the <em>no-thin</em> capability. A client MUST NOT send a thin
|
|
pack if the server advertises the <em>no-thin</em> capability.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The reasons for this asymmetry are historical. The receive-pack
|
|
program did not exist until after the invention of thin packs, so
|
|
historically the reference implementation of receive-pack always
|
|
understood thin packs. Adding <em>no-thin</em> later allowed receive-pack
|
|
to disable the feature in a backwards-compatible manner.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_side_band_side_band_64k">side-band, side-band-64k</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>This capability means that server can send, and client understand multiplexed
|
|
progress reports and error info interleaved with the packfile itself.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>These two options are mutually exclusive. A modern client always
|
|
favors <em>side-band-64k</em>.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Either mode indicates that the packfile data will be streamed broken
|
|
up into packets of up to either 1000 bytes in the case of <em>side_band</em>,
|
|
or 65520 bytes in the case of <em>side_band_64k</em>. Each packet is made up
|
|
of a leading 4-byte pkt-line length of how much data is in the packet,
|
|
followed by a 1-byte stream code, followed by the actual data.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The stream code can be one of:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>1 - pack data
|
|
2 - progress messages
|
|
3 - fatal error message just before stream aborts</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The "side-band-64k" capability came about as a way for newer clients
|
|
that can handle much larger packets to request packets that are
|
|
actually crammed nearly full, while maintaining backward compatibility
|
|
for the older clients.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Further, with side-band and its up to 1000-byte messages, it’s actually
|
|
999 bytes of payload and 1 byte for the stream code. With side-band-64k,
|
|
same deal, you have up to 65519 bytes of data and 1 byte for the stream
|
|
code.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The client MUST send only maximum of one of "side-band" and "side-
|
|
band-64k". Server MUST diagnose it as an error if client requests
|
|
both.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_ofs_delta">ofs-delta</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Server can send, and client understand PACKv2 with delta referring to
|
|
its base by position in pack rather than by an obj-id. That is, they can
|
|
send/read OBJ_OFS_DELTA (aka type 6) in a packfile.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_agent">agent</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The server may optionally send a capability of the form <code>agent=X</code> to
|
|
notify the client that the server is running version <code>X</code>. The client may
|
|
optionally return its own agent string by responding with an <code>agent=Y</code>
|
|
capability (but it MUST NOT do so if the server did not mention the
|
|
agent capability). The <code>X</code> and <code>Y</code> strings may contain any printable
|
|
ASCII characters except space (i.e., the byte range 32 < x < 127), and
|
|
are typically of the form "package/version" (e.g., "git/1.8.3.1"). The
|
|
agent strings are purely informative for statistics and debugging
|
|
purposes, and MUST NOT be used to programmatically assume the presence
|
|
or absence of particular features.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_shallow">shallow</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>This capability adds "deepen", "shallow" and "unshallow" commands to
|
|
the fetch-pack/upload-pack protocol so clients can request shallow
|
|
clones.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_deepen_since">deepen-since</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>This capability adds "deepen-since" command to fetch-pack/upload-pack
|
|
protocol so the client can request shallow clones that are cut at a
|
|
specific time, instead of depth. Internally it’s equivalent of doing
|
|
"rev-list --max-age=<timestamp>" on the server side. "deepen-since"
|
|
cannot be used with "deepen".</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_deepen_not">deepen-not</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>This capability adds "deepen-not" command to fetch-pack/upload-pack
|
|
protocol so the client can request shallow clones that are cut at a
|
|
specific revision, instead of depth. Internally it’s equivalent of
|
|
doing "rev-list --not <rev>" on the server side. "deepen-not"
|
|
cannot be used with "deepen", but can be used with "deepen-since".</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_deepen_relative">deepen-relative</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>If this capability is requested by the client, the semantics of
|
|
"deepen" command is changed. The "depth" argument is the depth from
|
|
the current shallow boundary, instead of the depth from remote refs.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_no_progress">no-progress</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The client was started with "git clone -q" or something, and doesn’t
|
|
want that side band 2. Basically the client just says "I do not
|
|
wish to receive stream 2 on sideband, so do not send it to me, and if
|
|
you did, I will drop it on the floor anyway". However, the sideband
|
|
channel 3 is still used for error responses.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_include_tag">include-tag</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The <em>include-tag</em> capability is about sending annotated tags if we are
|
|
sending objects they point to. If we pack an object to the client, and
|
|
a tag object points exactly at that object, we pack the tag object too.
|
|
In general this allows a client to get all new annotated tags when it
|
|
fetches a branch, in a single network connection.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Clients MAY always send include-tag, hardcoding it into a request when
|
|
the server advertises this capability. The decision for a client to
|
|
request include-tag only has to do with the client’s desires for tag
|
|
data, whether or not a server had advertised objects in the
|
|
refs/tags/* namespace.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Servers MUST pack the tags if their referrant is packed and the client
|
|
has requested include-tags.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Clients MUST be prepared for the case where a server has ignored
|
|
include-tag and has not actually sent tags in the pack. In such
|
|
cases the client SHOULD issue a subsequent fetch to acquire the tags
|
|
that include-tag would have otherwise given the client.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The server SHOULD send include-tag, if it supports it, regardless
|
|
of whether or not there are tags available.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_report_status">report-status</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The receive-pack process can receive a <em>report-status</em> capability,
|
|
which tells it that the client wants a report of what happened after
|
|
a packfile upload and reference update. If the pushing client requests
|
|
this capability, after unpacking and updating references the server
|
|
will respond with whether the packfile unpacked successfully and if
|
|
each reference was updated successfully. If any of those were not
|
|
successful, it will send back an error message. See pack-protocol.txt
|
|
for example messages.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_delete_refs">delete-refs</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>If the server sends back the <em>delete-refs</em> capability, it means that
|
|
it is capable of accepting a zero-id value as the target
|
|
value of a reference update. It is not sent back by the client, it
|
|
simply informs the client that it can be sent zero-id values
|
|
to delete references.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_quiet">quiet</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>If the receive-pack server advertises the <em>quiet</em> capability, it is
|
|
capable of silencing human-readable progress output which otherwise may
|
|
be shown when processing the received pack. A send-pack client should
|
|
respond with the <em>quiet</em> capability to suppress server-side progress
|
|
reporting if the local progress reporting is also being suppressed
|
|
(e.g., via <code>push -q</code>, or if stderr does not go to a tty).</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_atomic">atomic</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>If the server sends the <em>atomic</em> capability it is capable of accepting
|
|
atomic pushes. If the pushing client requests this capability, the server
|
|
will update the refs in one atomic transaction. Either all refs are
|
|
updated or none.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_push_options">push-options</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>If the server sends the <em>push-options</em> capability it is able to accept
|
|
push options after the update commands have been sent, but before the
|
|
packfile is streamed. If the pushing client requests this capability,
|
|
the server will pass the options to the pre- and post- receive hooks
|
|
that process this push request.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_allow_tip_sha1_in_want">allow-tip-sha1-in-want</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>If the upload-pack server advertises this capability, fetch-pack may
|
|
send "want" lines with SHA-1s that exist at the server but are not
|
|
advertised by upload-pack.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_allow_reachable_sha1_in_want">allow-reachable-sha1-in-want</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>If the upload-pack server advertises this capability, fetch-pack may
|
|
send "want" lines with SHA-1s that exist at the server but are not
|
|
advertised by upload-pack.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_push_certnonce">push-cert=<nonce></h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The receive-pack server that advertises this capability is willing
|
|
to accept a signed push certificate, and asks the <nonce> to be
|
|
included in the push certificate. A send-pack client MUST NOT
|
|
send a push-cert packet unless the receive-pack server advertises
|
|
this capability.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_filter">filter</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>If the upload-pack server advertises the <em>filter</em> capability,
|
|
fetch-pack may send "filter" commands to request a partial clone
|
|
or partial fetch and request that the server omit various objects
|
|
from the packfile.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div id="footer">
|
|
<div id="footer-text">
|
|
Last updated 2019-02-26 19:31:11 UTC
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</body>
|
|
</html> |