747 lines
40 KiB
HTML
747 lines
40 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="en">
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<head>
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<meta charset="UTF-8">
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<!--[if IE]><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"><![endif]-->
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
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<meta name="generator" content="Asciidoctor 1.5.8">
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<title>git-commit-tree(1)</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300,300italic,400,400italic,600,600italic%7CNoto+Serif:400,400italic,700,700italic%7CDroid+Sans+Mono:400,700">
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/* Asciidoctor default stylesheet | MIT License | http://asciidoctor.org */
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</style>
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</head>
|
|
<body class="manpage">
|
|
<div id="header">
|
|
<h1>git-commit-tree(1) Manual Page</h1>
|
|
<h2 id="_name">NAME</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<p>git-commit-tree - Create a new commit object</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div id="content">
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="verseblock">
|
|
<pre class="content"><em>git commit-tree</em> <tree> [(-p <parent>)…​]
|
|
<em>git commit-tree</em> [(-p <parent>)…​] [-S[<keyid>]] [(-m <message>)…​]
|
|
[(-F <file>)…​] <tree></pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>This is usually not what an end user wants to run directly. See
|
|
<a href="git-commit.html">git-commit</a>(1) instead.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Creates a new commit object based on the provided tree object and
|
|
emits the new commit object id on stdout. The log message is read
|
|
from the standard input, unless <code>-m</code> or <code>-F</code> options are given.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>A commit object may have any number of parents. With exactly one
|
|
parent, it is an ordinary commit. Having more than one parent makes
|
|
the commit a merge between several lines of history. Initial (root)
|
|
commits have no parents.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>While a tree represents a particular directory state of a working
|
|
directory, a commit represents that state in "time", and explains how
|
|
to get there.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Normally a commit would identify a new "HEAD" state, and while Git
|
|
doesn’t care where you save the note about that state, in practice we
|
|
tend to just write the result to the file that is pointed at by
|
|
<code>.git/HEAD</code>, so that we can always see what the last committed
|
|
state was.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_options">OPTIONS</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="dlist">
|
|
<dl>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><tree></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>An existing tree object</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">-p <parent></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Each <code>-p</code> indicates the id of a parent commit object.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">-m <message></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>A paragraph in the commit log message. This can be given more than
|
|
once and each <message> becomes its own paragraph.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">-F <file></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Read the commit log message from the given file. Use <code>-</code> to read
|
|
from the standard input.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">-S[<keyid>]</dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--gpg-sign[=<keyid>]</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>GPG-sign commits. The <code>keyid</code> argument is optional and
|
|
defaults to the committer identity; if specified, it must be
|
|
stuck to the option without a space.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--no-gpg-sign</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Do not GPG-sign commit, to countermand a <code>--gpg-sign</code> option
|
|
given earlier on the command line.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_commit_information">Commit Information</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>A commit encapsulates:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="ulist">
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>all parent object ids</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>author name, email and date</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>committer name and email and the commit time.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>While parent object ids are provided on the command line, author and
|
|
committer information is taken from the following environment variables,
|
|
if set:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>GIT_AUTHOR_NAME
|
|
GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL
|
|
GIT_AUTHOR_DATE
|
|
GIT_COMMITTER_NAME
|
|
GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL
|
|
GIT_COMMITTER_DATE</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>(nb "<", ">" and "\n"s are stripped)</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>In case (some of) these environment variables are not set, the information
|
|
is taken from the configuration items user.name and user.email, or, if not
|
|
present, the environment variable EMAIL, or, if that is not set,
|
|
system user name and the hostname used for outgoing mail (taken
|
|
from <code>/etc/mailname</code> and falling back to the fully qualified hostname when
|
|
that file does not exist).</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>A commit comment is read from stdin. If a changelog
|
|
entry is not provided via "<" redirection, <em>git commit-tree</em> will just wait
|
|
for one to be entered and terminated with ^D.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_date_formats">DATE FORMATS</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The <code>GIT_AUTHOR_DATE</code>, <code>GIT_COMMITTER_DATE</code> environment variables
|
|
support the following date formats:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="dlist">
|
|
<dl>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">Git internal format</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>It is <code><unix timestamp> <time zone offset></code>, where <code><unix
|
|
timestamp></code> is the number of seconds since the UNIX epoch.
|
|
<code><time zone offset></code> is a positive or negative offset from UTC.
|
|
For example CET (which is 1 hour ahead of UTC) is <code>+0100</code>.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">RFC 2822</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>The standard email format as described by RFC 2822, for example
|
|
<code>Thu, 07 Apr 2005 22:13:13 +0200</code>.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">ISO 8601</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Time and date specified by the ISO 8601 standard, for example
|
|
<code>2005-04-07T22:13:13</code>. The parser accepts a space instead of the
|
|
<code>T</code> character as well.</p>
|
|
<div class="admonitionblock note">
|
|
<table>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="icon">
|
|
<div class="title">Note</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td class="content">
|
|
In addition, the date part is accepted in the following formats:
|
|
<code>YYYY.MM.DD</code>, <code>MM/DD/YYYY</code> and <code>DD.MM.YYYY</code>.
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_discussion">Discussion</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Git is to some extent character encoding agnostic.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="ulist">
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>The contents of the blob objects are uninterpreted sequences
|
|
of bytes. There is no encoding translation at the core
|
|
level.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Path names are encoded in UTF-8 normalization form C. This
|
|
applies to tree objects, the index file, ref names, as well as
|
|
path names in command line arguments, environment variables
|
|
and config files (<code>.git/config</code> (see <a href="git-config.html">git-config</a>(1)),
|
|
<a href="gitignore.html">gitignore</a>(5), <a href="gitattributes.html">gitattributes</a>(5) and
|
|
<a href="gitmodules.html">gitmodules</a>(5)).</p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Note that Git at the core level treats path names simply as
|
|
sequences of non-NUL bytes, there are no path name encoding
|
|
conversions (except on Mac and Windows). Therefore, using
|
|
non-ASCII path names will mostly work even on platforms and file
|
|
systems that use legacy extended ASCII encodings. However,
|
|
repositories created on such systems will not work properly on
|
|
UTF-8-based systems (e.g. Linux, Mac, Windows) and vice versa.
|
|
Additionally, many Git-based tools simply assume path names to
|
|
be UTF-8 and will fail to display other encodings correctly.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Commit log messages are typically encoded in UTF-8, but other
|
|
extended ASCII encodings are also supported. This includes
|
|
ISO-8859-x, CP125x and many others, but <em>not</em> UTF-16/32,
|
|
EBCDIC and CJK multi-byte encodings (GBK, Shift-JIS, Big5,
|
|
EUC-x, CP9xx etc.).</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Although we encourage that the commit log messages are encoded
|
|
in UTF-8, both the core and Git Porcelain are designed not to
|
|
force UTF-8 on projects. If all participants of a particular
|
|
project find it more convenient to use legacy encodings, Git
|
|
does not forbid it. However, there are a few things to keep in
|
|
mind.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="olist arabic">
|
|
<ol class="arabic">
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><em>git commit</em> and <em>git commit-tree</em> issues
|
|
a warning if the commit log message given to it does not look
|
|
like a valid UTF-8 string, unless you explicitly say your
|
|
project uses a legacy encoding. The way to say this is to
|
|
have i18n.commitencoding in <code>.git/config</code> file, like this:</p>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>[i18n]
|
|
commitEncoding = ISO-8859-1</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Commit objects created with the above setting record the value
|
|
of <code>i18n.commitEncoding</code> in its <code>encoding</code> header. This is to
|
|
help other people who look at them later. Lack of this header
|
|
implies that the commit log message is encoded in UTF-8.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><em>git log</em>, <em>git show</em>, <em>git blame</em> and friends look at the
|
|
<code>encoding</code> header of a commit object, and try to re-code the
|
|
log message into UTF-8 unless otherwise specified. You can
|
|
specify the desired output encoding with
|
|
<code>i18n.logOutputEncoding</code> in <code>.git/config</code> file, like this:</p>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>[i18n]
|
|
logOutputEncoding = ISO-8859-1</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>If you do not have this configuration variable, the value of
|
|
<code>i18n.commitEncoding</code> is used instead.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ol>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Note that we deliberately chose not to re-code the commit log
|
|
message when a commit is made to force UTF-8 at the commit
|
|
object level, because re-coding to UTF-8 is not necessarily a
|
|
reversible operation.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_files">FILES</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>/etc/mailname</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_see_also">SEE ALSO</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p><a href="git-write-tree.html">git-write-tree</a>(1)</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_git">GIT</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git</a>(1) suite</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div id="footer">
|
|
<div id="footer-text">
|
|
Last updated 2019-02-26 19:31:11 UTC
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</body>
|
|
</html> |