803 lines
42 KiB
HTML
803 lines
42 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="en">
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<head>
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<meta charset="UTF-8">
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<!--[if IE]><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"><![endif]-->
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
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<meta name="generator" content="Asciidoctor 1.5.8">
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<title>git-http-backend(1)</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300,300italic,400,400italic,600,600italic%7CNoto+Serif:400,400italic,700,700italic%7CDroid+Sans+Mono:400,700">
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<style>
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/* Asciidoctor default stylesheet | MIT License | http://asciidoctor.org */
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/* Uncomment @import statement below to use as custom stylesheet */
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/*@import "https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300,300italic,400,400italic,600,600italic%7CNoto+Serif:400,400italic,700,700italic%7CDroid+Sans+Mono:400,700";*/
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article,aside,details,figcaption,figure,footer,header,hgroup,main,nav,section,summary{display:block}
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audio,canvas,video{display:inline-block}
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audio:not([controls]){display:none;height:0}
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script{display:none!important}
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html{font-family:sans-serif;-ms-text-size-adjust:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%}
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a{background:transparent}
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a:focus{outline:thin dotted}
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a:active,a:hover{outline:0}
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h1{font-size:2em;margin:.67em 0}
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abbr[title]{border-bottom:1px dotted}
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b,strong{font-weight:bold}
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dfn{font-style:italic}
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hr{-moz-box-sizing:content-box;box-sizing:content-box;height:0}
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pre{white-space:pre-wrap}
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small{font-size:80%}
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sup{top:-.5em}
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sub{bottom:-.25em}
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img{border:0}
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svg:not(:root){overflow:hidden}
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figure{margin:0}
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fieldset{border:1px solid silver;margin:0 2px;padding:.35em .625em .75em}
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legend{border:0;padding:0}
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button,input,select,textarea{font-family:inherit;font-size:100%;margin:0}
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button,input{line-height:normal}
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button,select{text-transform:none}
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button,html input[type="button"],input[type="reset"],input[type="submit"]{-webkit-appearance:button;cursor:pointer}
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button[disabled],html input[disabled]{cursor:default}
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button::-moz-focus-inner,input::-moz-focus-inner{border:0;padding:0}
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textarea{overflow:auto;vertical-align:top}
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table{border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0}
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*,*::before,*::after{-moz-box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}
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a:hover{cursor:pointer}
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object,embed{height:100%}
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textarea{height:auto;min-height:50px}
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a{color:#2156a5;text-decoration:underline;line-height:inherit}
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a:hover,a:focus{color:#1d4b8f}
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a img{border:none}
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p{font-family:inherit;font-weight:400;font-size:1em;line-height:1.6;margin-bottom:1.25em;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility}
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h6{font-size:1em}
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small{font-size:60%;line-height:inherit}
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code{font-family:"Droid Sans Mono","DejaVu Sans Mono",monospace;font-weight:400;color:rgba(0,0,0,.9)}
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abbr{text-transform:none}
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blockquote{margin:0 0 1.25em;padding:.5625em 1.25em 0 1.1875em;border-left:1px solid #ddd}
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table tr th,table tr td{padding:.5625em .625em;font-size:inherit;color:rgba(0,0,0,.8)}
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table tr.even,table tr.alt,table tr:nth-of-type(even){background:#f8f8f7}
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h1,h2,h3,#toctitle,.sidebarblock>.content>.title,h4,h5,h6{line-height:1.2;word-spacing:-.05em}
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.clearfix::after,.float-group::after{clear:both}
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*:not(pre)>code{font-size:.9375em;font-style:normal!important;letter-spacing:0;padding:.1em .5ex;word-spacing:-.15em;background-color:#f7f7f8;-webkit-border-radius:4px;border-radius:4px;line-height:1.45;text-rendering:optimizeSpeed;word-wrap:break-word}
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*:not(pre)>code.nobreak{word-wrap:normal}
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*:not(pre)>code.nowrap{white-space:nowrap}
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pre,pre>code{line-height:1.45;color:rgba(0,0,0,.9);font-family:"Droid Sans Mono","DejaVu Sans Mono",monospace;font-weight:400;text-rendering:optimizeSpeed}
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em em{font-style:normal}
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strong strong{font-weight:400}
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.keyseq{color:rgba(51,51,51,.8)}
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kbd{font-family:"Droid Sans Mono","DejaVu Sans Mono",monospace;display:inline-block;color:rgba(0,0,0,.8);font-size:.65em;line-height:1.45;background-color:#f7f7f7;border:1px solid #ccc;-webkit-border-radius:3px;border-radius:3px;-webkit-box-shadow:0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 0 0 .1em white inset;box-shadow:0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 0 0 .1em #fff inset;margin:0 .15em;padding:.2em .5em;vertical-align:middle;position:relative;top:-.1em;white-space:nowrap}
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.keyseq kbd:first-child{margin-left:0}
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.keyseq kbd:last-child{margin-right:0}
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.menuseq,.menuref{color:#000}
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.menuseq b:not(.caret),.menuref{font-weight:inherit}
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.menuseq{word-spacing:-.02em}
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.menuseq b.caret{font-size:1.25em;line-height:.8}
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.menuseq i.caret{font-weight:bold;text-align:center;width:.45em}
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b.button::before,b.button::after{position:relative;top:-1px;font-weight:400}
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b.button::before{content:"[";padding:0 3px 0 2px}
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b.button::after{content:"]";padding:0 2px 0 3px}
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p a>code:hover{color:rgba(0,0,0,.9)}
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#header,#content,#footnotes,#footer{width:100%;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;max-width:62.5em;*zoom:1;position:relative;padding-left:.9375em;padding-right:.9375em}
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#header::before,#header::after,#content::before,#content::after,#footnotes::before,#footnotes::after,#footer::before,#footer::after{content:" ";display:table}
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#content{margin-top:1.25em}
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#content::before{content:none}
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#header .details span.email a{color:rgba(0,0,0,.85)}
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#header .details br{display:none}
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#header .details br+span.author::before{content:"\00a0\22c5\00a0";color:rgba(0,0,0,.85)}
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#toc{border-bottom:1px solid #e7e7e9;padding-bottom:.5em}
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#toc>ul{margin-left:.125em}
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body.toc2{padding-left:15em;padding-right:0}
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body.toc2.toc-right{padding-left:0;padding-right:15em}
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body.toc2.toc-right{padding-left:0;padding-right:20em}}
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#content #toc>:first-child{margin-top:0}
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.sect1{padding-bottom:.625em}
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@media screen and (min-width:768px){#content{margin-bottom:1.25em}
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.sect1{padding-bottom:1.25em}}
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table.tableblock.fit-content>caption.title{white-space:nowrap;width:0}
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.exampleblock>.content>:first-child{margin-top:0}
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.exampleblock>.content>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}
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.sidebarblock{border-style:solid;border-width:1px;border-color:#e0e0dc;margin-bottom:1.25em;padding:1.25em;background:#f8f8f7;-webkit-border-radius:4px;border-radius:4px}
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.sidebarblock>:first-child{margin-top:0}
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.sidebarblock>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}
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.sidebarblock>.content>.title{color:#7a2518;margin-top:0;text-align:center}
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</style>
|
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</head>
|
|
<body class="manpage">
|
|
<div id="header">
|
|
<h1>git-http-backend(1) Manual Page</h1>
|
|
<h2 id="_name">NAME</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<p>git-http-backend - Server side implementation of Git over HTTP</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div id="content">
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="verseblock">
|
|
<pre class="content"><em>git http-backend</em></pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>A simple CGI program to serve the contents of a Git repository to Git
|
|
clients accessing the repository over http:// and https:// protocols.
|
|
The program supports clients fetching using both the smart HTTP protocol
|
|
and the backwards-compatible dumb HTTP protocol, as well as clients
|
|
pushing using the smart HTTP protocol.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>It verifies that the directory has the magic file
|
|
"git-daemon-export-ok", and it will refuse to export any Git directory
|
|
that hasn’t explicitly been marked for export this way (unless the
|
|
<code>GIT_HTTP_EXPORT_ALL</code> environmental variable is set).</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>By default, only the <code>upload-pack</code> service is enabled, which serves
|
|
<em>git fetch-pack</em> and <em>git ls-remote</em> clients, which are invoked from
|
|
<em>git fetch</em>, <em>git pull</em>, and <em>git clone</em>. If the client is authenticated,
|
|
the <code>receive-pack</code> service is enabled, which serves <em>git send-pack</em>
|
|
clients, which is invoked from <em>git push</em>.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_services">SERVICES</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>These services can be enabled/disabled using the per-repository
|
|
configuration file:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="dlist">
|
|
<dl>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">http.getanyfile</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>This serves Git clients older than version 1.6.6 that are unable to use the
|
|
upload pack service. When enabled, clients are able to read
|
|
any file within the repository, including objects that are
|
|
no longer reachable from a branch but are still present.
|
|
It is enabled by default, but a repository can disable it
|
|
by setting this configuration item to <code>false</code>.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">http.uploadpack</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>This serves <em>git fetch-pack</em> and <em>git ls-remote</em> clients.
|
|
It is enabled by default, but a repository can disable it
|
|
by setting this configuration item to <code>false</code>.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">http.receivepack</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>This serves <em>git send-pack</em> clients, allowing push. It is
|
|
disabled by default for anonymous users, and enabled by
|
|
default for users authenticated by the web server. It can be
|
|
disabled by setting this item to <code>false</code>, or enabled for all
|
|
users, including anonymous users, by setting it to <code>true</code>.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_url_translation">URL TRANSLATION</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>To determine the location of the repository on disk, <em>git http-backend</em>
|
|
concatenates the environment variables PATH_INFO, which is set
|
|
automatically by the web server, and GIT_PROJECT_ROOT, which must be set
|
|
manually in the web server configuration. If GIT_PROJECT_ROOT is not
|
|
set, <em>git http-backend</em> reads PATH_TRANSLATED, which is also set
|
|
automatically by the web server.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_examples">EXAMPLES</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>All of the following examples map <code>http://$hostname/git/foo/bar.git</code>
|
|
to <code>/var/www/git/foo/bar.git</code>.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="dlist">
|
|
<dl>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">Apache 2.x</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Ensure mod_cgi, mod_alias, and mod_env are enabled, set
|
|
GIT_PROJECT_ROOT (or DocumentRoot) appropriately, and
|
|
create a ScriptAlias to the CGI:</p>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>SetEnv GIT_PROJECT_ROOT /var/www/git
|
|
SetEnv GIT_HTTP_EXPORT_ALL
|
|
ScriptAlias /git/ /usr/libexec/git-core/git-http-backend/</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>To enable anonymous read access but authenticated write access,
|
|
require authorization for both the initial ref advertisement (which we
|
|
detect as a push via the service parameter in the query string), and the
|
|
receive-pack invocation itself:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} service=git-receive-pack [OR]
|
|
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} /git-receive-pack$
|
|
RewriteRule ^/git/ - [E=AUTHREQUIRED:yes]
|
|
|
|
<LocationMatch "^/git/">
|
|
Order Deny,Allow
|
|
Deny from env=AUTHREQUIRED
|
|
|
|
AuthType Basic
|
|
AuthName "Git Access"
|
|
Require group committers
|
|
Satisfy Any
|
|
...
|
|
</LocationMatch></pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>If you do not have <code>mod_rewrite</code> available to match against the query
|
|
string, it is sufficient to just protect <code>git-receive-pack</code> itself,
|
|
like:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><LocationMatch "^/git/.*/git-receive-pack$">
|
|
AuthType Basic
|
|
AuthName "Git Access"
|
|
Require group committers
|
|
...
|
|
</LocationMatch></pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>In this mode, the server will not request authentication until the
|
|
client actually starts the object negotiation phase of the push, rather
|
|
than during the initial contact. For this reason, you must also enable
|
|
the <code>http.receivepack</code> config option in any repositories that should
|
|
accept a push. The default behavior, if <code>http.receivepack</code> is not set,
|
|
is to reject any pushes by unauthenticated users; the initial request
|
|
will therefore report <code>403 Forbidden</code> to the client, without even giving
|
|
an opportunity for authentication.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>To require authentication for both reads and writes, use a Location
|
|
directive around the repository, or one of its parent directories:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><Location /git/private>
|
|
AuthType Basic
|
|
AuthName "Private Git Access"
|
|
Require group committers
|
|
...
|
|
</Location></pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>To serve gitweb at the same url, use a ScriptAliasMatch to only
|
|
those URLs that <em>git http-backend</em> can handle, and forward the
|
|
rest to gitweb:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>ScriptAliasMatch \
|
|
"(?x)^/git/(.*/(HEAD | \
|
|
info/refs | \
|
|
objects/(info/[^/]+ | \
|
|
[0-9a-f]{2}/[0-9a-f]{38} | \
|
|
pack/pack-[0-9a-f]{40}\.(pack|idx)) | \
|
|
git-(upload|receive)-pack))$" \
|
|
/usr/libexec/git-core/git-http-backend/$1
|
|
|
|
ScriptAlias /git/ /var/www/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi/</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>To serve multiple repositories from different <a href="gitnamespaces.html">gitnamespaces</a>(7) in a
|
|
single repository:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>SetEnvIf Request_URI "^/git/([^/]*)" GIT_NAMESPACE=$1
|
|
ScriptAliasMatch ^/git/[^/]*(.*) /usr/libexec/git-core/git-http-backend/storage.git$1</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">Accelerated static Apache 2.x</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Similar to the above, but Apache can be used to return static
|
|
files that are stored on disk. On many systems this may
|
|
be more efficient as Apache can ask the kernel to copy the
|
|
file contents from the file system directly to the network:</p>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>SetEnv GIT_PROJECT_ROOT /var/www/git
|
|
|
|
AliasMatch ^/git/(.*/objects/[0-9a-f]{2}/[0-9a-f]{38})$ /var/www/git/$1
|
|
AliasMatch ^/git/(.*/objects/pack/pack-[0-9a-f]{40}.(pack|idx))$ /var/www/git/$1
|
|
ScriptAlias /git/ /usr/libexec/git-core/git-http-backend/</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>This can be combined with the gitweb configuration:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>SetEnv GIT_PROJECT_ROOT /var/www/git
|
|
|
|
AliasMatch ^/git/(.*/objects/[0-9a-f]{2}/[0-9a-f]{38})$ /var/www/git/$1
|
|
AliasMatch ^/git/(.*/objects/pack/pack-[0-9a-f]{40}.(pack|idx))$ /var/www/git/$1
|
|
ScriptAliasMatch \
|
|
"(?x)^/git/(.*/(HEAD | \
|
|
info/refs | \
|
|
objects/info/[^/]+ | \
|
|
git-(upload|receive)-pack))$" \
|
|
/usr/libexec/git-core/git-http-backend/$1
|
|
ScriptAlias /git/ /var/www/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi/</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">Lighttpd</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Ensure that <code>mod_cgi</code>, <code>mod_alias</code>, <code>mod_auth</code>, <code>mod_setenv</code> are
|
|
loaded, then set <code>GIT_PROJECT_ROOT</code> appropriately and redirect
|
|
all requests to the CGI:</p>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>alias.url += ( "/git" => "/usr/lib/git-core/git-http-backend" )
|
|
$HTTP["url"] =~ "^/git" {
|
|
cgi.assign = ("" => "")
|
|
setenv.add-environment = (
|
|
"GIT_PROJECT_ROOT" => "/var/www/git",
|
|
"GIT_HTTP_EXPORT_ALL" => ""
|
|
)
|
|
}</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>To enable anonymous read access but authenticated write access:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>$HTTP["querystring"] =~ "service=git-receive-pack" {
|
|
include "git-auth.conf"
|
|
}
|
|
$HTTP["url"] =~ "^/git/.*/git-receive-pack$" {
|
|
include "git-auth.conf"
|
|
}</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>where <code>git-auth.conf</code> looks something like:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>auth.require = (
|
|
"/" => (
|
|
"method" => "basic",
|
|
"realm" => "Git Access",
|
|
"require" => "valid-user"
|
|
)
|
|
)
|
|
# ...and set up auth.backend here</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>To require authentication for both reads and writes:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>$HTTP["url"] =~ "^/git/private" {
|
|
include "git-auth.conf"
|
|
}</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_environment">ENVIRONMENT</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p><em>git http-backend</em> relies upon the <code>CGI</code> environment variables set
|
|
by the invoking web server, including:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="ulist">
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>PATH_INFO (if GIT_PROJECT_ROOT is set, otherwise PATH_TRANSLATED)</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>REMOTE_USER</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>REMOTE_ADDR</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>CONTENT_TYPE</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>QUERY_STRING</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>REQUEST_METHOD</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The <code>GIT_HTTP_EXPORT_ALL</code> environmental variable may be passed to
|
|
<em>git-http-backend</em> to bypass the check for the "git-daemon-export-ok"
|
|
file in each repository before allowing export of that repository.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The <code>GIT_HTTP_MAX_REQUEST_BUFFER</code> environment variable (or the
|
|
<code>http.maxRequestBuffer</code> config variable) may be set to change the
|
|
largest ref negotiation request that git will handle during a fetch; any
|
|
fetch requiring a larger buffer will not succeed. This value should not
|
|
normally need to be changed, but may be helpful if you are fetching from
|
|
a repository with an extremely large number of refs. The value can be
|
|
specified with a unit (e.g., <code>100M</code> for 100 megabytes). The default is
|
|
10 megabytes.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The backend process sets GIT_COMMITTER_NAME to <em>$REMOTE_USER</em> and
|
|
GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL to <em>${REMOTE_USER}@http.${REMOTE_ADDR}</em>,
|
|
ensuring that any reflogs created by <em>git-receive-pack</em> contain some
|
|
identifying information of the remote user who performed the push.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>All <code>CGI</code> environment variables are available to each of the hooks
|
|
invoked by the <em>git-receive-pack</em>.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_git">GIT</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git</a>(1) suite</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div id="footer">
|
|
<div id="footer-text">
|
|
Last updated 2019-02-26 19:31:11 UTC
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</body>
|
|
</html> |