726 lines
40 KiB
HTML
726 lines
40 KiB
HTML
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<title>gitcvs-migration(7)</title>
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</style>
|
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</head>
|
|
<body class="manpage">
|
|
<div id="header">
|
|
<h1>gitcvs-migration(7) Manual Page</h1>
|
|
<h2 id="_name">NAME</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<p>gitcvs-migration - Git for CVS users</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div id="content">
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="verseblock">
|
|
<pre class="content"><em>git cvsimport</em> *</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Git differs from CVS in that every working tree contains a repository with
|
|
a full copy of the project history, and no repository is inherently more
|
|
important than any other. However, you can emulate the CVS model by
|
|
designating a single shared repository which people can synchronize with;
|
|
this document explains how to do that.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Some basic familiarity with Git is required. Having gone through
|
|
<a href="gittutorial.html">gittutorial</a>(7) and
|
|
<a href="gitglossary.html">gitglossary</a>(7) should be sufficient.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_developing_against_a_shared_repository">Developing against a shared repository</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Suppose a shared repository is set up in /pub/repo.git on the host
|
|
foo.com. Then as an individual committer you can clone the shared
|
|
repository over ssh with:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>$ git clone foo.com:/pub/repo.git/ my-project
|
|
$ cd my-project</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>and hack away. The equivalent of <em>cvs update</em> is</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>$ git pull origin</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>which merges in any work that others might have done since the clone
|
|
operation. If there are uncommitted changes in your working tree, commit
|
|
them first before running git pull.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="admonitionblock note">
|
|
<table>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="icon">
|
|
<div class="title">Note</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td class="content">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The <em>pull</em> command knows where to get updates from because of certain
|
|
configuration variables that were set by the first <em>git clone</em>
|
|
command; see <code>git config -l</code> and the <a href="git-config.html">git-config</a>(1) man
|
|
page for details.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>You can update the shared repository with your changes by first committing
|
|
your changes, and then using the <em>git push</em> command:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>$ git push origin master</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>to "push" those commits to the shared repository. If someone else has
|
|
updated the repository more recently, <em>git push</em>, like <em>cvs commit</em>, will
|
|
complain, in which case you must pull any changes before attempting the
|
|
push again.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>In the <em>git push</em> command above we specify the name of the remote branch
|
|
to update (<code>master</code>). If we leave that out, <em>git push</em> tries to update
|
|
any branches in the remote repository that have the same name as a branch
|
|
in the local repository. So the last <em>push</em> can be done with either of:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>$ git push origin
|
|
$ git push foo.com:/pub/project.git/</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>as long as the shared repository does not have any branches
|
|
other than <code>master</code>.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_setting_up_a_shared_repository">Setting Up a Shared Repository</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>We assume you have already created a Git repository for your project,
|
|
possibly created from scratch or from a tarball (see
|
|
<a href="gittutorial.html">gittutorial</a>(7)), or imported from an already existing CVS
|
|
repository (see the next section).</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Assume your existing repo is at /home/alice/myproject. Create a new "bare"
|
|
repository (a repository without a working tree) and fetch your project into
|
|
it:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>$ mkdir /pub/my-repo.git
|
|
$ cd /pub/my-repo.git
|
|
$ git --bare init --shared
|
|
$ git --bare fetch /home/alice/myproject master:master</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Next, give every team member read/write access to this repository. One
|
|
easy way to do this is to give all the team members ssh access to the
|
|
machine where the repository is hosted. If you don’t want to give them a
|
|
full shell on the machine, there is a restricted shell which only allows
|
|
users to do Git pushes and pulls; see <a href="git-shell.html">git-shell</a>(1).</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Put all the committers in the same group, and make the repository
|
|
writable by that group:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>$ chgrp -R $group /pub/my-repo.git</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Make sure committers have a umask of at most 027, so that the directories
|
|
they create are writable and searchable by other group members.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_importing_a_cvs_archive">Importing a CVS archive</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="admonitionblock note">
|
|
<table>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="icon">
|
|
<div class="title">Note</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td class="content">
|
|
These instructions use the <code>git-cvsimport</code> script which ships with
|
|
git, but other importers may provide better results. See the note in
|
|
<a href="git-cvsimport.html">git-cvsimport</a>(1) for other options.
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>First, install version 2.1 or higher of cvsps from
|
|
<a href="https://github.com/andreyvit/cvsps">https://github.com/andreyvit/cvsps</a> and make
|
|
sure it is in your path. Then cd to a checked out CVS working directory
|
|
of the project you are interested in and run <a href="git-cvsimport.html">git-cvsimport</a>(1):</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>$ git cvsimport -C <destination> <module></pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>This puts a Git archive of the named CVS module in the directory
|
|
<destination>, which will be created if necessary.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The import checks out from CVS every revision of every file. Reportedly
|
|
cvsimport can average some twenty revisions per second, so for a
|
|
medium-sized project this should not take more than a couple of minutes.
|
|
Larger projects or remote repositories may take longer.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The main trunk is stored in the Git branch named <code>origin</code>, and additional
|
|
CVS branches are stored in Git branches with the same names. The most
|
|
recent version of the main trunk is also left checked out on the <code>master</code>
|
|
branch, so you can start adding your own changes right away.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The import is incremental, so if you call it again next month it will
|
|
fetch any CVS updates that have been made in the meantime. For this to
|
|
work, you must not modify the imported branches; instead, create new
|
|
branches for your own changes, and merge in the imported branches as
|
|
necessary.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>If you want a shared repository, you will need to make a bare clone
|
|
of the imported directory, as described above. Then treat the imported
|
|
directory as another development clone for purposes of merging
|
|
incremental imports.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_advanced_shared_repository_management">Advanced Shared Repository Management</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Git allows you to specify scripts called "hooks" to be run at certain
|
|
points. You can use these, for example, to send all commits to the shared
|
|
repository to a mailing list. See <a href="githooks.html">githooks</a>(5).</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>You can enforce finer grained permissions using update hooks. See
|
|
<a href="howto/update-hook-example.html">Controlling access to branches using
|
|
update hooks</a>.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_providing_cvs_access_to_a_git_repository">Providing CVS Access to a Git Repository</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>It is also possible to provide true CVS access to a Git repository, so
|
|
that developers can still use CVS; see <a href="git-cvsserver.html">git-cvsserver</a>(1) for
|
|
details.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_alternative_development_models">Alternative Development Models</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>CVS users are accustomed to giving a group of developers commit access to
|
|
a common repository. As we’ve seen, this is also possible with Git.
|
|
However, the distributed nature of Git allows other development models,
|
|
and you may want to first consider whether one of them might be a better
|
|
fit for your project.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>For example, you can choose a single person to maintain the project’s
|
|
primary public repository. Other developers then clone this repository
|
|
and each work in their own clone. When they have a series of changes that
|
|
they’re happy with, they ask the maintainer to pull from the branch
|
|
containing the changes. The maintainer reviews their changes and pulls
|
|
them into the primary repository, which other developers pull from as
|
|
necessary to stay coordinated. The Linux kernel and other projects use
|
|
variants of this model.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>With a small group, developers may just pull changes from each other’s
|
|
repositories without the need for a central maintainer.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_see_also">SEE ALSO</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p><a href="gittutorial.html">gittutorial</a>(7),
|
|
<a href="gittutorial-2.html">gittutorial-2</a>(7),
|
|
<a href="gitcore-tutorial.html">gitcore-tutorial</a>(7),
|
|
<a href="gitglossary.html">gitglossary</a>(7),
|
|
<a href="giteveryday.html">giteveryday</a>(7),
|
|
<a href="user-manual.html">The Git User’s Manual</a></p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_git">GIT</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git</a>(1) suite</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div id="footer">
|
|
<div id="footer-text">
|
|
Last updated 2019-02-26 19:31:11 UTC
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
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</body>
|
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</html> |