719 lines
39 KiB
HTML
719 lines
39 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="en">
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<head>
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<meta charset="UTF-8">
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<!--[if IE]><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"><![endif]-->
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
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<meta name="generator" content="Asciidoctor 1.5.8">
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<title>gitignore(5)</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300,300italic,400,400italic,600,600italic%7CNoto+Serif:400,400italic,700,700italic%7CDroid+Sans+Mono:400,700">
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<style>
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/* Asciidoctor default stylesheet | MIT License | http://asciidoctor.org */
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/* Uncomment @import statement below to use as custom stylesheet */
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/*@import "https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300,300italic,400,400italic,600,600italic%7CNoto+Serif:400,400italic,700,700italic%7CDroid+Sans+Mono:400,700";*/
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strong strong{font-weight:400}
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b.button::after{content:"]";padding:0 2px 0 3px}
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p a>code:hover{color:rgba(0,0,0,.9)}
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.exampleblock>.content>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}
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.sidebarblock{border-style:solid;border-width:1px;border-color:#e0e0dc;margin-bottom:1.25em;padding:1.25em;background:#f8f8f7;-webkit-border-radius:4px;border-radius:4px}
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@media amzn-kf8{#header,#content,#footnotes,#footer{padding:0}}
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</style>
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</head>
|
|
<body class="manpage">
|
|
<div id="header">
|
|
<h1>gitignore(5) Manual Page</h1>
|
|
<h2 id="_name">NAME</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<p>gitignore - Specifies intentionally untracked files to ignore</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div id="content">
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/ignore, $GIT_DIR/info/exclude, .gitignore</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>A <code>gitignore</code> file specifies intentionally untracked files that
|
|
Git should ignore.
|
|
Files already tracked by Git are not affected; see the NOTES
|
|
below for details.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Each line in a <code>gitignore</code> file specifies a pattern.
|
|
When deciding whether to ignore a path, Git normally checks
|
|
<code>gitignore</code> patterns from multiple sources, with the following
|
|
order of precedence, from highest to lowest (within one level of
|
|
precedence, the last matching pattern decides the outcome):</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="ulist">
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Patterns read from the command line for those commands that support
|
|
them.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Patterns read from a <code>.gitignore</code> file in the same directory
|
|
as the path, or in any parent directory, with patterns in the
|
|
higher level files (up to the toplevel of the work tree) being overridden
|
|
by those in lower level files down to the directory containing the file.
|
|
These patterns match relative to the location of the
|
|
<code>.gitignore</code> file. A project normally includes such
|
|
<code>.gitignore</code> files in its repository, containing patterns for
|
|
files generated as part of the project build.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Patterns read from <code>$GIT_DIR/info/exclude</code>.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Patterns read from the file specified by the configuration
|
|
variable <code>core.excludesFile</code>.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Which file to place a pattern in depends on how the pattern is meant to
|
|
be used.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="ulist">
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Patterns which should be version-controlled and distributed to
|
|
other repositories via clone (i.e., files that all developers will want
|
|
to ignore) should go into a <code>.gitignore</code> file.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Patterns which are
|
|
specific to a particular repository but which do not need to be shared
|
|
with other related repositories (e.g., auxiliary files that live inside
|
|
the repository but are specific to one user’s workflow) should go into
|
|
the <code>$GIT_DIR/info/exclude</code> file.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Patterns which a user wants Git to
|
|
ignore in all situations (e.g., backup or temporary files generated by
|
|
the user’s editor of choice) generally go into a file specified by
|
|
<code>core.excludesFile</code> in the user’s <code>~/.gitconfig</code>. Its default value is
|
|
$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/ignore. If $XDG_CONFIG_HOME is either not set or
|
|
empty, $HOME/.config/git/ignore is used instead.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The underlying Git plumbing tools, such as
|
|
<em>git ls-files</em> and <em>git read-tree</em>, read
|
|
<code>gitignore</code> patterns specified by command-line options, or from
|
|
files specified by command-line options. Higher-level Git
|
|
tools, such as <em>git status</em> and <em>git add</em>,
|
|
use patterns from the sources specified above.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_pattern_format">PATTERN FORMAT</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="ulist">
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>A blank line matches no files, so it can serve as a separator
|
|
for readability.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>A line starting with # serves as a comment.
|
|
Put a backslash ("<code>\</code>") in front of the first hash for patterns
|
|
that begin with a hash.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Trailing spaces are ignored unless they are quoted with backslash
|
|
("<code>\</code>").</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>An optional prefix "<code>!</code>" which negates the pattern; any
|
|
matching file excluded by a previous pattern will become
|
|
included again. It is not possible to re-include a file if a parent
|
|
directory of that file is excluded. Git doesn’t list excluded
|
|
directories for performance reasons, so any patterns on contained
|
|
files have no effect, no matter where they are defined.
|
|
Put a backslash ("<code>\</code>") in front of the first "<code>!</code>" for patterns
|
|
that begin with a literal "<code>!</code>", for example, "<code>\!important!.txt</code>".</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>If the pattern ends with a slash, it is removed for the
|
|
purpose of the following description, but it would only find
|
|
a match with a directory. In other words, <code>foo/</code> will match a
|
|
directory <code>foo</code> and paths underneath it, but will not match a
|
|
regular file or a symbolic link <code>foo</code> (this is consistent
|
|
with the way how pathspec works in general in Git).</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>If the pattern does not contain a slash <em>/</em>, Git treats it as
|
|
a shell glob pattern and checks for a match against the
|
|
pathname relative to the location of the <code>.gitignore</code> file
|
|
(relative to the toplevel of the work tree if not from a
|
|
<code>.gitignore</code> file).</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Otherwise, Git treats the pattern as a shell glob: "<code>*</code>" matches
|
|
anything except "<code>/</code>", "<code>?</code>" matches any one character except "<code>/</code>"
|
|
and "<code>[]</code>" matches one character in a selected range. See
|
|
fnmatch(3) and the FNM_PATHNAME flag for a more detailed
|
|
description.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>A leading slash matches the beginning of the pathname.
|
|
For example, "/*.c" matches "cat-file.c" but not
|
|
"mozilla-sha1/sha1.c".</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Two consecutive asterisks ("<code>**</code>") in patterns matched against
|
|
full pathname may have special meaning:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="ulist">
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>A leading "<code>**</code>" followed by a slash means match in all
|
|
directories. For example, "<code>**/foo</code>" matches file or directory
|
|
"<code>foo</code>" anywhere, the same as pattern "<code>foo</code>". "<code>**/foo/bar</code>"
|
|
matches file or directory "<code>bar</code>" anywhere that is directly
|
|
under directory "<code>foo</code>".</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>A trailing "<code>/**</code>" matches everything inside. For example,
|
|
"<code>abc/**</code>" matches all files inside directory "<code>abc</code>", relative
|
|
to the location of the <code>.gitignore</code> file, with infinite depth.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>A slash followed by two consecutive asterisks then a slash
|
|
matches zero or more directories. For example, "<code>a/**/b</code>"
|
|
matches "<code>a/b</code>", "<code>a/x/b</code>", "<code>a/x/y/b</code>" and so on.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Other consecutive asterisks are considered regular asterisks and
|
|
will match according to the previous rules.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_notes">NOTES</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The purpose of gitignore files is to ensure that certain files
|
|
not tracked by Git remain untracked.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>To stop tracking a file that is currently tracked, use
|
|
<em>git rm --cached</em>.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_examples">EXAMPLES</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre> $ git status
|
|
[...]
|
|
# Untracked files:
|
|
[...]
|
|
# Documentation/foo.html
|
|
# Documentation/gitignore.html
|
|
# file.o
|
|
# lib.a
|
|
# src/internal.o
|
|
[...]
|
|
$ cat .git/info/exclude
|
|
# ignore objects and archives, anywhere in the tree.
|
|
*.[oa]
|
|
$ cat Documentation/.gitignore
|
|
# ignore generated html files,
|
|
*.html
|
|
# except foo.html which is maintained by hand
|
|
!foo.html
|
|
$ git status
|
|
[...]
|
|
# Untracked files:
|
|
[...]
|
|
# Documentation/foo.html
|
|
[...]</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Another example:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre> $ cat .gitignore
|
|
vmlinux*
|
|
$ ls arch/foo/kernel/vm*
|
|
arch/foo/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S
|
|
$ echo '!/vmlinux*' >arch/foo/kernel/.gitignore</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The second .gitignore prevents Git from ignoring
|
|
<code>arch/foo/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S</code>.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Example to exclude everything except a specific directory <code>foo/bar</code>
|
|
(note the <code>/*</code> - without the slash, the wildcard would also exclude
|
|
everything within <code>foo/bar</code>):</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre> $ cat .gitignore
|
|
# exclude everything except directory foo/bar
|
|
/*
|
|
!/foo
|
|
/foo/*
|
|
!/foo/bar</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_see_also">SEE ALSO</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p><a href="git-rm.html">git-rm</a>(1),
|
|
<a href="gitrepository-layout.html">gitrepository-layout</a>(5),
|
|
<a href="git-check-ignore.html">git-check-ignore</a>(1)</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_git">GIT</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git</a>(1) suite</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div id="footer">
|
|
<div id="footer-text">
|
|
Last updated 2019-02-26 19:31:11 UTC
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</body>
|
|
</html> |