879 lines
43 KiB
HTML
879 lines
43 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="en">
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<head>
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<meta charset="UTF-8">
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<!--[if IE]><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"><![endif]-->
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
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<meta name="generator" content="Asciidoctor 1.5.8">
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<title>How to setup Git server over http</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300,300italic,400,400italic,600,600italic%7CNoto+Serif:400,400italic,700,700italic%7CDroid+Sans+Mono:400,700">
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<style>
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/* Asciidoctor default stylesheet | MIT License | http://asciidoctor.org */
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/* Uncomment @import statement below to use as custom stylesheet */
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a{color:inherit!important;text-decoration:underline!important}
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h2,h3,#toctitle,.sidebarblock>.content>.title{page-break-after:avoid}
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#toc,.sidebarblock,.exampleblock>.content{background:none!important}
|
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#toc{border-bottom:1px solid #dddddf!important;padding-bottom:0!important}
|
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body.book #header{text-align:center}
|
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body.book #header>h1:first-child{border:0!important;margin:2.5em 0 1em}
|
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body.book #header .details{border:0!important;display:block;padding:0!important}
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body.book #header .details span:first-child{margin-left:0!important}
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body.book #header .details br{display:block}
|
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body.book #header .details br+span::before{content:none!important}
|
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body.book #toc{border:0!important;text-align:left!important;padding:0!important;margin:0!important}
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body.book #toc,body.book #preamble,body.book h1.sect0,body.book .sect1>h2{page-break-before:always}
|
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|
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|
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.show-for-print{display:inherit!important}}
|
|
@media print,amzn-kf8{#header>h1:first-child{margin-top:1.25rem}
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#footer{background:none}
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#footer-text{color:rgba(0,0,0,.6);font-size:.9em}}
|
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@media amzn-kf8{#header,#content,#footnotes,#footer{padding:0}}
|
|
</style>
|
|
</head>
|
|
<body class="article">
|
|
<div id="header">
|
|
<h1>How to setup Git server over http</h1>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div id="content">
|
|
<div id="preamble">
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="admonitionblock note">
|
|
<table>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="icon">
|
|
<div class="title">Note</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td class="content">
|
|
This document is from 2006. A lot has happened since then, and this
|
|
document is now relevant mainly if your web host is not CGI capable.
|
|
Almost everyone else should instead look at <a href="git-http-backend.html">git-http-backend</a>(1).
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Since Apache is one of those packages people like to compile
|
|
themselves while others prefer the bureaucrat’s dream Debian, it is
|
|
impossible to give guidelines which will work for everyone. Just send
|
|
some feedback to the mailing list at <a href="mailto:git@vger.kernel.org">git@vger.kernel.org</a> to get this
|
|
document tailored to your favorite distro.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>What’s needed:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="ulist">
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Have an Apache web-server</p>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>On Debian:
|
|
$ apt-get install apache2
|
|
To get apache2 by default started,
|
|
edit /etc/default/apache2 and set NO_START=0</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>can edit the configuration of it.</p>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>This could be found under /etc/httpd, or refer to your Apache documentation.</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>On Debian: this means being able to edit files under /etc/apache2</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>can restart it.</p>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>'apachectl --graceful' might do. If it doesn't, just stop and
|
|
restart apache. Be warning that active connections to your server
|
|
might be aborted by this.</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>On Debian:
|
|
$ /etc/init.d/apache2 restart
|
|
or
|
|
$ /etc/init.d/apache2 force-reload
|
|
(which seems to do the same)
|
|
This adds symlinks from the /etc/apache2/mods-enabled to
|
|
/etc/apache2/mods-available.</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>have permissions to chown a directory</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>have Git installed on the client, and</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>either have Git installed on the server or have a webdav client on
|
|
the client.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>In effect, this means you’re going to be root, or that you’re using a
|
|
preconfigured WebDAV server.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_step_1_setup_a_bare_git_repository">Step 1: setup a bare Git repository</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>At the time of writing, git-http-push cannot remotely create a Git
|
|
repository. So we have to do that at the server side with Git. Another
|
|
option is to generate an empty bare repository at the client and copy
|
|
it to the server with a WebDAV client (which is the only option if Git
|
|
is not installed on the server).</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Create the directory under the DocumentRoot of the directories served
|
|
by Apache. As an example we take /usr/local/apache2, but try "grep
|
|
DocumentRoot /where/ever/httpd.conf" to find your root:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>$ cd /usr/local/apache/htdocs
|
|
$ mkdir my-new-repo.git</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>On Debian:</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>$ cd /var/www
|
|
$ mkdir my-new-repo.git</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Initialize a bare repository</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>$ cd my-new-repo.git
|
|
$ git --bare init</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Change the ownership to your web-server’s credentials. Use <code>"grep ^User
|
|
httpd.conf"</code> and <code>"grep ^Group httpd.conf"</code> to find out:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>$ chown -R www.www .</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>On Debian:</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>$ chown -R www-data.www-data .</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>If you do not know which user Apache runs as, you can alternatively do
|
|
a "chmod -R a+w .", inspect the files which are created later on, and
|
|
set the permissions appropriately.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Restart apache2, and check whether <a href="http://server/my-new-repo.git" class="bare">http://server/my-new-repo.git</a> gives
|
|
a directory listing. If not, check whether apache started up
|
|
successfully.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_step_2_enable_dav_on_this_repository">Step 2: enable DAV on this repository</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>First make sure the dav_module is loaded. For this, insert in httpd.conf:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>LoadModule dav_module libexec/httpd/libdav.so
|
|
AddModule mod_dav.c</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Also make sure that this line exists which is the file used for
|
|
locking DAV operations:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>DAVLockDB "/usr/local/apache2/temp/DAV.lock"</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>On Debian these steps can be performed with:</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>Enable the dav and dav_fs modules of apache:
|
|
$ a2enmod dav_fs
|
|
(just to be sure. dav_fs might be unneeded, I don't know)
|
|
$ a2enmod dav
|
|
The DAV lock is located in /etc/apache2/mods-available/dav_fs.conf:
|
|
DAVLockDB /var/lock/apache2/DAVLock</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Of course, it can point somewhere else, but the string is actually just a
|
|
prefix in some Apache configurations, and therefore the <em>directory</em> has to
|
|
be writable by the user Apache runs as.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Then, add something like this to your httpd.conf</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><Location /my-new-repo.git>
|
|
DAV on
|
|
AuthType Basic
|
|
AuthName "Git"
|
|
AuthUserFile /usr/local/apache2/conf/passwd.git
|
|
Require valid-user
|
|
</Location></pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>On Debian:
|
|
Create (or add to) /etc/apache2/conf.d/git.conf :</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><Location /my-new-repo.git>
|
|
DAV on
|
|
AuthType Basic
|
|
AuthName "Git"
|
|
AuthUserFile /etc/apache2/passwd.git
|
|
Require valid-user
|
|
</Location></pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>Debian automatically reads all files under /etc/apache2/conf.d.</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The password file can be somewhere else, but it has to be readable by
|
|
Apache and preferably not readable by the world.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Create this file by
|
|
$ htpasswd -c /usr/local/apache2/conf/passwd.git <user></p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>On Debian:
|
|
$ htpasswd -c /etc/apache2/passwd.git <user></pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>You will be asked a password, and the file is created. Subsequent calls
|
|
to htpasswd should omit the <em>-c</em> option, since you want to append to the
|
|
existing file.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>You need to restart Apache.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Now go to <a href="http://<username>@<servername>/my-new-repo.git" class="bare">http://<username>@<servername>/my-new-repo.git</a> in your
|
|
browser to check whether it asks for a password and accepts the right
|
|
password.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>On Debian:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>To test the WebDAV part, do:</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>$ apt-get install litmus
|
|
$ litmus http://<servername>/my-new-repo.git <username> <password></pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>Most tests should pass.</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>A command-line tool to test WebDAV is cadaver. If you prefer GUIs, for
|
|
example, konqueror can open WebDAV URLs as "webdav://…​" or
|
|
"webdavs://…​".</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>If you’re into Windows, from XP onwards Internet Explorer supports
|
|
WebDAV. For this, do Internet Explorer → Open Location →
|
|
<a href="http://<servername>/my-new-repo.git" class="bare">http://<servername>/my-new-repo.git</a> [x] Open as webfolder → login .</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_step_3_setup_the_client">Step 3: setup the client</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Make sure that you have HTTP support, i.e. your Git was built with
|
|
libcurl (version more recent than 7.10). The command <em>git http-push</em> with
|
|
no argument should display a usage message.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Then, add the following to your $HOME/.netrc (you can do without, but will be
|
|
asked to input your password a <em>lot</em> of times):</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>machine <servername>
|
|
login <username>
|
|
password <password></pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>…​and set permissions:
|
|
chmod 600 ~/.netrc</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>If you want to access the web-server by its IP, you have to type that in,
|
|
instead of the server name.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>To check whether all is OK, do:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>curl --netrc --location -v http://<username>@<servername>/my-new-repo.git/HEAD</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>…​this should give something like <em>ref: refs/heads/master</em>, which is
|
|
the content of the file HEAD on the server.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Now, add the remote in your existing repository which contains the project
|
|
you want to export:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>$ git-config remote.upload.url \
|
|
http://<username>@<servername>/my-new-repo.git/</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>It is important to put the last <em>/</em>; Without it, the server will send
|
|
a redirect which git-http-push does not (yet) understand, and git-http-push
|
|
will repeat the request infinitely.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_step_4_make_the_initial_push">Step 4: make the initial push</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>From your client repository, do</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>$ git push upload master</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>This pushes branch <em>master</em> (which is assumed to be the branch you
|
|
want to export) to repository called <em>upload</em>, which we previously
|
|
defined with git-config.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_using_a_proxy">Using a proxy:</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>If you have to access the WebDAV server from behind an HTTP(S) proxy,
|
|
set the variable <em>all_proxy</em> to <em><a href="http://proxy-host.com:port" class="bare">http://proxy-host.com:port</a></em>, or
|
|
<em><a href="http://login-on-proxy:passwd-on-proxy@proxy-host.com:port" class="bare">http://login-on-proxy:passwd-on-proxy@proxy-host.com:port</a></em>. See <em>man
|
|
curl</em> for details.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_troubleshooting">Troubleshooting:</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>If git-http-push says</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>Error: no DAV locking support on remote repo http://...</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>then it means the web-server did not accept your authentication. Make sure
|
|
that the user name and password matches in httpd.conf, .netrc and the URL
|
|
you are uploading to.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>If git-http-push shows you an error (22/502) when trying to MOVE a blob,
|
|
it means that your web-server somehow does not recognize its name in the
|
|
request; This can happen when you start Apache, but then disable the
|
|
network interface. A simple restart of Apache helps.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Errors like (22/502) are of format (curl error code/http error
|
|
code). So (22/404) means something like <em>not found</em> at the server.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Reading /usr/local/apache2/logs/error_log is often helpful.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>On Debian: Read /var/log/apache2/error.log instead.</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>If you access HTTPS locations, Git may fail verifying the SSL
|
|
certificate (this is return code 60). Setting http.sslVerify=false can
|
|
help diagnosing the problem, but removes security checks.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Debian References: <a href="http://www.debian-administration.org/articles/285" class="bare">http://www.debian-administration.org/articles/285</a></p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Authors
|
|
Johannes Schindelin <<a href="mailto:Johannes.Schindelin@gmx.de">Johannes.Schindelin@gmx.de</a>>
|
|
Rutger Nijlunsing <<a href="mailto:git@wingding.demon.nl">git@wingding.demon.nl</a>>
|
|
Matthieu Moy <<a href="mailto:Matthieu.Moy@imag.fr">Matthieu.Moy@imag.fr</a>></p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div id="footer">
|
|
<div id="footer-text">
|
|
Last updated 2019-02-26 19:31:11 UTC
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</body>
|
|
</html>
|