856 lines
43 KiB
HTML
856 lines
43 KiB
HTML
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<title>run-command API</title>
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</head>
|
|
<body class="article">
|
|
<div id="header">
|
|
<h1>run-command API</h1>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div id="content">
|
|
<div id="preamble">
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The run-command API offers a versatile tool to run sub-processes with
|
|
redirected input and output as well as with a modified environment
|
|
and an alternate current directory.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>A similar API offers the capability to run a function asynchronously,
|
|
which is primarily used to capture the output that the function
|
|
produces in the caller in order to process it.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_functions">Functions</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="dlist">
|
|
<dl>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>child_process_init</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Initialize a struct child_process variable.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>start_command</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Start a sub-process. Takes a pointer to a <code>struct child_process</code>
|
|
that specifies the details and returns pipe FDs (if requested).
|
|
See below for details.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>finish_command</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Wait for the completion of a sub-process that was started with
|
|
start_command().</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>run_command</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>A convenience function that encapsulates a sequence of
|
|
start_command() followed by finish_command(). Takes a pointer
|
|
to a <code>struct child_process</code> that specifies the details.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>run_command_v_opt</code>, <code>run_command_v_opt_cd_env</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Convenience functions that encapsulate a sequence of
|
|
start_command() followed by finish_command(). The argument argv
|
|
specifies the program and its arguments. The argument opt is zero
|
|
or more of the flags <code>RUN_COMMAND_NO_STDIN</code>, <code>RUN_GIT_CMD</code>,
|
|
<code>RUN_COMMAND_STDOUT_TO_STDERR</code>, or <code>RUN_SILENT_EXEC_FAILURE</code>
|
|
that correspond to the members .no_stdin, .git_cmd,
|
|
.stdout_to_stderr, .silent_exec_failure of <code>struct child_process</code>.
|
|
The argument dir corresponds the member .dir. The argument env
|
|
corresponds to the member .env.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>child_process_clear</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Release the memory associated with the struct child_process.
|
|
Most users of the run-command API don’t need to call this
|
|
function explicitly because <code>start_command</code> invokes it on
|
|
failure and <code>finish_command</code> calls it automatically already.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The functions above do the following:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="olist arabic">
|
|
<ol class="arabic">
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>If a system call failed, errno is set and -1 is returned. A diagnostic
|
|
is printed.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>If the program was not found, then -1 is returned and errno is set to
|
|
ENOENT; a diagnostic is printed only if .silent_exec_failure is 0.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Otherwise, the program is run. If it terminates regularly, its exit
|
|
code is returned. No diagnostic is printed, even if the exit code is
|
|
non-zero.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>If the program terminated due to a signal, then the return value is the
|
|
signal number + 128, ie. the same value that a POSIX shell’s $? would
|
|
report. A diagnostic is printed.</p>
|
|
<div class="dlist">
|
|
<dl>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>start_async</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Run a function asynchronously. Takes a pointer to a <code>struct
|
|
async</code> that specifies the details and returns a set of pipe FDs
|
|
for communication with the function. See below for details.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>finish_async</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Wait for the completion of an asynchronous function that was
|
|
started with start_async().</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>run_hook</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Run a hook.
|
|
The first argument is a pathname to an index file, or NULL
|
|
if the hook uses the default index file or no index is needed.
|
|
The second argument is the name of the hook.
|
|
The further arguments correspond to the hook arguments.
|
|
The last argument has to be NULL to terminate the arguments list.
|
|
If the hook does not exist or is not executable, the return
|
|
value will be zero.
|
|
If it is executable, the hook will be executed and the exit
|
|
status of the hook is returned.
|
|
On execution, .stdout_to_stderr and .no_stdin will be set.
|
|
(See below.)</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ol>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_data_structures">Data structures</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="ulist">
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><code>struct child_process</code></p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>This describes the arguments, redirections, and environment of a
|
|
command to run in a sub-process.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The caller:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="olist arabic">
|
|
<ol class="arabic">
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>allocates and clears (using child_process_init() or
|
|
CHILD_PROCESS_INIT) a struct child_process variable;</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>initializes the members;</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>calls start_command();</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>processes the data;</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>closes file descriptors (if necessary; see below);</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>calls finish_command().</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ol>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The .argv member is set up as an array of string pointers (NULL
|
|
terminated), of which .argv[0] is the program name to run (usually
|
|
without a path). If the command to run is a git command, set argv[0] to
|
|
the command name without the <em>git-</em> prefix and set .git_cmd = 1.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Note that the ownership of the memory pointed to by .argv stays with the
|
|
caller, but it should survive until <code>finish_command</code> completes. If the
|
|
.argv member is NULL, <code>start_command</code> will point it at the .args
|
|
<code>argv_array</code> (so you may use one or the other, but you must use exactly
|
|
one). The memory in .args will be cleaned up automatically during
|
|
<code>finish_command</code> (or during <code>start_command</code> when it is unsuccessful).</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The members .in, .out, .err are used to redirect stdin, stdout,
|
|
stderr as follows:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="olist arabic">
|
|
<ol class="arabic">
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Specify 0 to request no special redirection. No new file descriptor
|
|
is allocated. The child process simply inherits the channel from the
|
|
parent.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Specify -1 to have a pipe allocated; start_command() replaces -1
|
|
by the pipe FD in the following way:</p>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>.in: Returns the writable pipe end into which the caller writes;
|
|
the readable end of the pipe becomes the child's stdin.</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>.out, .err: Returns the readable pipe end from which the caller
|
|
reads; the writable end of the pipe end becomes child's
|
|
stdout/stderr.</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>The caller of start_command() must close the so returned FDs
|
|
after it has completed reading from/writing to it!</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Specify a file descriptor > 0 to be used by the child:</p>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>.in: The FD must be readable; it becomes child's stdin.
|
|
.out: The FD must be writable; it becomes child's stdout.
|
|
.err: The FD must be writable; it becomes child's stderr.</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>The specified FD is closed by start_command(), even if it fails to
|
|
run the sub-process!</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Special forms of redirection are available by setting these members
|
|
to 1:</p>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>.no_stdin, .no_stdout, .no_stderr: The respective channel is
|
|
redirected to /dev/null.</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>.stdout_to_stderr: stdout of the child is redirected to its
|
|
stderr. This happens after stderr is itself redirected.
|
|
So stdout will follow stderr to wherever it is
|
|
redirected.</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ol>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>To modify the environment of the sub-process, specify an array of
|
|
string pointers (NULL terminated) in .env:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="olist arabic">
|
|
<ol class="arabic">
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>If the string is of the form "VAR=value", i.e. it contains <em>=</em>
|
|
the variable is added to the child process’s environment.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>If the string does not contain <em>=</em>, it names an environment
|
|
variable that will be removed from the child process’s environment.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ol>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>If the .env member is NULL, <code>start_command</code> will point it at the
|
|
.env_array <code>argv_array</code> (so you may use one or the other, but not both).
|
|
The memory in .env_array will be cleaned up automatically during
|
|
<code>finish_command</code> (or during <code>start_command</code> when it is unsuccessful).</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>To specify a new initial working directory for the sub-process,
|
|
specify it in the .dir member.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>If the program cannot be found, the functions return -1 and set
|
|
errno to ENOENT. Normally, an error message is printed, but if
|
|
.silent_exec_failure is set to 1, no message is printed for this
|
|
special error condition.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="ulist">
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><code>struct async</code></p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>This describes a function to run asynchronously, whose purpose is
|
|
to produce output that the caller reads.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The caller:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="olist arabic">
|
|
<ol class="arabic">
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>allocates and clears (memset(&asy, 0, sizeof(asy));) a
|
|
struct async variable;</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>initializes .proc and .data;</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>calls start_async();</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>processes communicates with proc through .in and .out;</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>closes .in and .out;</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>calls finish_async().</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ol>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The members .in, .out are used to provide a set of fd’s for
|
|
communication between the caller and the callee as follows:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="olist arabic">
|
|
<ol class="arabic">
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Specify 0 to have no file descriptor passed. The callee will
|
|
receive -1 in the corresponding argument.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Specify < 0 to have a pipe allocated; start_async() replaces
|
|
with the pipe FD in the following way:</p>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>.in: Returns the writable pipe end into which the caller
|
|
writes; the readable end of the pipe becomes the function's
|
|
in argument.</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>.out: Returns the readable pipe end from which the caller
|
|
reads; the writable end of the pipe becomes the function's
|
|
out argument.</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>The caller of start_async() must close the returned FDs after it
|
|
has completed reading from/writing from them.</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Specify a file descriptor > 0 to be used by the function:</p>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>.in: The FD must be readable; it becomes the function's in.
|
|
.out: The FD must be writable; it becomes the function's out.</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>The specified FD is closed by start_async(), even if it fails to
|
|
run the function.</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ol>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The function pointer in .proc has the following signature:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>int proc(int in, int out, void *data);</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="olist arabic">
|
|
<ol class="arabic">
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>in, out specifies a set of file descriptors to which the function
|
|
must read/write the data that it needs/produces. The function
|
|
<strong>must</strong> close these descriptors before it returns. A descriptor
|
|
may be -1 if the caller did not configure a descriptor for that
|
|
direction.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>data is the value that the caller has specified in the .data member
|
|
of struct async.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>The return value of the function is 0 on success and non-zero
|
|
on failure. If the function indicates failure, finish_async() will
|
|
report failure as well.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ol>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>There are serious restrictions on what the asynchronous function can do
|
|
because this facility is implemented by a thread in the same address
|
|
space on most platforms (when pthreads is available), but by a pipe to
|
|
a forked process otherwise:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="olist arabic">
|
|
<ol class="arabic">
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>It cannot change the program’s state (global variables, environment,
|
|
etc.) in a way that the caller notices; in other words, .in and .out
|
|
are the only communication channels to the caller.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>It must not change the program’s state that the caller of the
|
|
facility also uses.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ol>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div id="footer">
|
|
<div id="footer-text">
|
|
Last updated 2019-02-26 19:31:11 UTC
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</body>
|
|
</html> |