1603 lines
75 KiB
HTML
1603 lines
75 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
|
|
<html lang="en">
|
|
<head>
|
|
<meta charset="UTF-8">
|
|
<!--[if IE]><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"><![endif]-->
|
|
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
|
|
<meta name="generator" content="Asciidoctor 1.5.8">
|
|
<title>git-push(1)</title>
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300,300italic,400,400italic,600,600italic%7CNoto+Serif:400,400italic,700,700italic%7CDroid+Sans+Mono:400,700">
|
|
<style>
|
|
/* Asciidoctor default stylesheet | MIT License | http://asciidoctor.org */
|
|
/* Uncomment @import statement below to use as custom stylesheet */
|
|
/*@import "https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300,300italic,400,400italic,600,600italic%7CNoto+Serif:400,400italic,700,700italic%7CDroid+Sans+Mono:400,700";*/
|
|
article,aside,details,figcaption,figure,footer,header,hgroup,main,nav,section,summary{display:block}
|
|
audio,canvas,video{display:inline-block}
|
|
audio:not([controls]){display:none;height:0}
|
|
script{display:none!important}
|
|
html{font-family:sans-serif;-ms-text-size-adjust:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%}
|
|
a{background:transparent}
|
|
a:focus{outline:thin dotted}
|
|
a:active,a:hover{outline:0}
|
|
h1{font-size:2em;margin:.67em 0}
|
|
abbr[title]{border-bottom:1px dotted}
|
|
b,strong{font-weight:bold}
|
|
dfn{font-style:italic}
|
|
hr{-moz-box-sizing:content-box;box-sizing:content-box;height:0}
|
|
mark{background:#ff0;color:#000}
|
|
code,kbd,pre,samp{font-family:monospace;font-size:1em}
|
|
pre{white-space:pre-wrap}
|
|
q{quotes:"\201C" "\201D" "\2018" "\2019"}
|
|
small{font-size:80%}
|
|
sub,sup{font-size:75%;line-height:0;position:relative;vertical-align:baseline}
|
|
sup{top:-.5em}
|
|
sub{bottom:-.25em}
|
|
img{border:0}
|
|
svg:not(:root){overflow:hidden}
|
|
figure{margin:0}
|
|
fieldset{border:1px solid silver;margin:0 2px;padding:.35em .625em .75em}
|
|
legend{border:0;padding:0}
|
|
button,input,select,textarea{font-family:inherit;font-size:100%;margin:0}
|
|
button,input{line-height:normal}
|
|
button,select{text-transform:none}
|
|
button,html input[type="button"],input[type="reset"],input[type="submit"]{-webkit-appearance:button;cursor:pointer}
|
|
button[disabled],html input[disabled]{cursor:default}
|
|
input[type="checkbox"],input[type="radio"]{box-sizing:border-box;padding:0}
|
|
button::-moz-focus-inner,input::-moz-focus-inner{border:0;padding:0}
|
|
textarea{overflow:auto;vertical-align:top}
|
|
table{border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0}
|
|
*,*::before,*::after{-moz-box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}
|
|
html,body{font-size:100%}
|
|
body{background:#fff;color:rgba(0,0,0,.8);padding:0;margin:0;font-family:"Noto Serif","DejaVu Serif",serif;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;line-height:1;position:relative;cursor:auto;tab-size:4;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}
|
|
a:hover{cursor:pointer}
|
|
img,object,embed{max-width:100%;height:auto}
|
|
object,embed{height:100%}
|
|
img{-ms-interpolation-mode:bicubic}
|
|
.left{float:left!important}
|
|
.right{float:right!important}
|
|
.text-left{text-align:left!important}
|
|
.text-right{text-align:right!important}
|
|
.text-center{text-align:center!important}
|
|
.text-justify{text-align:justify!important}
|
|
.hide{display:none}
|
|
img,object,svg{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle}
|
|
textarea{height:auto;min-height:50px}
|
|
select{width:100%}
|
|
.center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}
|
|
.stretch{width:100%}
|
|
.subheader,.admonitionblock td.content>.title,.audioblock>.title,.exampleblock>.title,.imageblock>.title,.listingblock>.title,.literalblock>.title,.stemblock>.title,.openblock>.title,.paragraph>.title,.quoteblock>.title,table.tableblock>.title,.verseblock>.title,.videoblock>.title,.dlist>.title,.olist>.title,.ulist>.title,.qlist>.title,.hdlist>.title{line-height:1.45;color:#7a2518;font-weight:400;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.25em}
|
|
div,dl,dt,dd,ul,ol,li,h1,h2,h3,#toctitle,.sidebarblock>.content>.title,h4,h5,h6,pre,form,p,blockquote,th,td{margin:0;padding:0;direction:ltr}
|
|
a{color:#2156a5;text-decoration:underline;line-height:inherit}
|
|
a:hover,a:focus{color:#1d4b8f}
|
|
a img{border:none}
|
|
p{font-family:inherit;font-weight:400;font-size:1em;line-height:1.6;margin-bottom:1.25em;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility}
|
|
p aside{font-size:.875em;line-height:1.35;font-style:italic}
|
|
h1,h2,h3,#toctitle,.sidebarblock>.content>.title,h4,h5,h6{font-family:"Open Sans","DejaVu Sans",sans-serif;font-weight:300;font-style:normal;color:#ba3925;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;margin-top:1em;margin-bottom:.5em;line-height:1.0125em}
|
|
h1 small,h2 small,h3 small,#toctitle small,.sidebarblock>.content>.title small,h4 small,h5 small,h6 small{font-size:60%;color:#e99b8f;line-height:0}
|
|
h1{font-size:2.125em}
|
|
h2{font-size:1.6875em}
|
|
h3,#toctitle,.sidebarblock>.content>.title{font-size:1.375em}
|
|
h4,h5{font-size:1.125em}
|
|
h6{font-size:1em}
|
|
hr{border:solid #dddddf;border-width:1px 0 0;clear:both;margin:1.25em 0 1.1875em;height:0}
|
|
em,i{font-style:italic;line-height:inherit}
|
|
strong,b{font-weight:bold;line-height:inherit}
|
|
small{font-size:60%;line-height:inherit}
|
|
code{font-family:"Droid Sans Mono","DejaVu Sans Mono",monospace;font-weight:400;color:rgba(0,0,0,.9)}
|
|
ul,ol,dl{font-size:1em;line-height:1.6;margin-bottom:1.25em;list-style-position:outside;font-family:inherit}
|
|
ul,ol{margin-left:1.5em}
|
|
ul li ul,ul li ol{margin-left:1.25em;margin-bottom:0;font-size:1em}
|
|
ul.square li ul,ul.circle li ul,ul.disc li ul{list-style:inherit}
|
|
ul.square{list-style-type:square}
|
|
ul.circle{list-style-type:circle}
|
|
ul.disc{list-style-type:disc}
|
|
ol li ul,ol li ol{margin-left:1.25em;margin-bottom:0}
|
|
dl dt{margin-bottom:.3125em;font-weight:bold}
|
|
dl dd{margin-bottom:1.25em}
|
|
abbr,acronym{text-transform:uppercase;font-size:90%;color:rgba(0,0,0,.8);border-bottom:1px dotted #ddd;cursor:help}
|
|
abbr{text-transform:none}
|
|
blockquote{margin:0 0 1.25em;padding:.5625em 1.25em 0 1.1875em;border-left:1px solid #ddd}
|
|
blockquote cite{display:block;font-size:.9375em;color:rgba(0,0,0,.6)}
|
|
blockquote cite::before{content:"\2014 \0020"}
|
|
blockquote cite a,blockquote cite a:visited{color:rgba(0,0,0,.6)}
|
|
blockquote,blockquote p{line-height:1.6;color:rgba(0,0,0,.85)}
|
|
@media screen and (min-width:768px){h1,h2,h3,#toctitle,.sidebarblock>.content>.title,h4,h5,h6{line-height:1.2}
|
|
h1{font-size:2.75em}
|
|
h2{font-size:2.3125em}
|
|
h3,#toctitle,.sidebarblock>.content>.title{font-size:1.6875em}
|
|
h4{font-size:1.4375em}}
|
|
table{background:#fff;margin-bottom:1.25em;border:solid 1px #dedede}
|
|
table thead,table tfoot{background:#f7f8f7}
|
|
table thead tr th,table thead tr td,table tfoot tr th,table tfoot tr td{padding:.5em .625em .625em;font-size:inherit;color:rgba(0,0,0,.8);text-align:left}
|
|
table tr th,table tr td{padding:.5625em .625em;font-size:inherit;color:rgba(0,0,0,.8)}
|
|
table tr.even,table tr.alt,table tr:nth-of-type(even){background:#f8f8f7}
|
|
table thead tr th,table tfoot tr th,table tbody tr td,table tr td,table tfoot tr td{display:table-cell;line-height:1.6}
|
|
h1,h2,h3,#toctitle,.sidebarblock>.content>.title,h4,h5,h6{line-height:1.2;word-spacing:-.05em}
|
|
h1 strong,h2 strong,h3 strong,#toctitle strong,.sidebarblock>.content>.title strong,h4 strong,h5 strong,h6 strong{font-weight:400}
|
|
.clearfix::before,.clearfix::after,.float-group::before,.float-group::after{content:" ";display:table}
|
|
.clearfix::after,.float-group::after{clear:both}
|
|
*:not(pre)>code{font-size:.9375em;font-style:normal!important;letter-spacing:0;padding:.1em .5ex;word-spacing:-.15em;background-color:#f7f7f8;-webkit-border-radius:4px;border-radius:4px;line-height:1.45;text-rendering:optimizeSpeed;word-wrap:break-word}
|
|
*:not(pre)>code.nobreak{word-wrap:normal}
|
|
*:not(pre)>code.nowrap{white-space:nowrap}
|
|
pre,pre>code{line-height:1.45;color:rgba(0,0,0,.9);font-family:"Droid Sans Mono","DejaVu Sans Mono",monospace;font-weight:400;text-rendering:optimizeSpeed}
|
|
em em{font-style:normal}
|
|
strong strong{font-weight:400}
|
|
.keyseq{color:rgba(51,51,51,.8)}
|
|
kbd{font-family:"Droid Sans Mono","DejaVu Sans Mono",monospace;display:inline-block;color:rgba(0,0,0,.8);font-size:.65em;line-height:1.45;background-color:#f7f7f7;border:1px solid #ccc;-webkit-border-radius:3px;border-radius:3px;-webkit-box-shadow:0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 0 0 .1em white inset;box-shadow:0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 0 0 .1em #fff inset;margin:0 .15em;padding:.2em .5em;vertical-align:middle;position:relative;top:-.1em;white-space:nowrap}
|
|
.keyseq kbd:first-child{margin-left:0}
|
|
.keyseq kbd:last-child{margin-right:0}
|
|
.menuseq,.menuref{color:#000}
|
|
.menuseq b:not(.caret),.menuref{font-weight:inherit}
|
|
.menuseq{word-spacing:-.02em}
|
|
.menuseq b.caret{font-size:1.25em;line-height:.8}
|
|
.menuseq i.caret{font-weight:bold;text-align:center;width:.45em}
|
|
b.button::before,b.button::after{position:relative;top:-1px;font-weight:400}
|
|
b.button::before{content:"[";padding:0 3px 0 2px}
|
|
b.button::after{content:"]";padding:0 2px 0 3px}
|
|
p a>code:hover{color:rgba(0,0,0,.9)}
|
|
#header,#content,#footnotes,#footer{width:100%;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;max-width:62.5em;*zoom:1;position:relative;padding-left:.9375em;padding-right:.9375em}
|
|
#header::before,#header::after,#content::before,#content::after,#footnotes::before,#footnotes::after,#footer::before,#footer::after{content:" ";display:table}
|
|
#header::after,#content::after,#footnotes::after,#footer::after{clear:both}
|
|
#content{margin-top:1.25em}
|
|
#content::before{content:none}
|
|
#header>h1:first-child{color:rgba(0,0,0,.85);margin-top:2.25rem;margin-bottom:0}
|
|
#header>h1:first-child+#toc{margin-top:8px;border-top:1px solid #dddddf}
|
|
#header>h1:only-child,body.toc2 #header>h1:nth-last-child(2){border-bottom:1px solid #dddddf;padding-bottom:8px}
|
|
#header .details{border-bottom:1px solid #dddddf;line-height:1.45;padding-top:.25em;padding-bottom:.25em;padding-left:.25em;color:rgba(0,0,0,.6);display:-ms-flexbox;display:-webkit-flex;display:flex;-ms-flex-flow:row wrap;-webkit-flex-flow:row wrap;flex-flow:row wrap}
|
|
#header .details span:first-child{margin-left:-.125em}
|
|
#header .details span.email a{color:rgba(0,0,0,.85)}
|
|
#header .details br{display:none}
|
|
#header .details br+span::before{content:"\00a0\2013\00a0"}
|
|
#header .details br+span.author::before{content:"\00a0\22c5\00a0";color:rgba(0,0,0,.85)}
|
|
#header .details br+span#revremark::before{content:"\00a0|\00a0"}
|
|
#header #revnumber{text-transform:capitalize}
|
|
#header #revnumber::after{content:"\00a0"}
|
|
#content>h1:first-child:not([class]){color:rgba(0,0,0,.85);border-bottom:1px solid #dddddf;padding-bottom:8px;margin-top:0;padding-top:1rem;margin-bottom:1.25rem}
|
|
#toc{border-bottom:1px solid #e7e7e9;padding-bottom:.5em}
|
|
#toc>ul{margin-left:.125em}
|
|
#toc ul.sectlevel0>li>a{font-style:italic}
|
|
#toc ul.sectlevel0 ul.sectlevel1{margin:.5em 0}
|
|
#toc ul{font-family:"Open Sans","DejaVu Sans",sans-serif;list-style-type:none}
|
|
#toc li{line-height:1.3334;margin-top:.3334em}
|
|
#toc a{text-decoration:none}
|
|
#toc a:active{text-decoration:underline}
|
|
#toctitle{color:#7a2518;font-size:1.2em}
|
|
@media screen and (min-width:768px){#toctitle{font-size:1.375em}
|
|
body.toc2{padding-left:15em;padding-right:0}
|
|
#toc.toc2{margin-top:0!important;background-color:#f8f8f7;position:fixed;width:15em;left:0;top:0;border-right:1px solid #e7e7e9;border-top-width:0!important;border-bottom-width:0!important;z-index:1000;padding:1.25em 1em;height:100%;overflow:auto}
|
|
#toc.toc2 #toctitle{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.8rem;font-size:1.2em}
|
|
#toc.toc2>ul{font-size:.9em;margin-bottom:0}
|
|
#toc.toc2 ul ul{margin-left:0;padding-left:1em}
|
|
#toc.toc2 ul.sectlevel0 ul.sectlevel1{padding-left:0;margin-top:.5em;margin-bottom:.5em}
|
|
body.toc2.toc-right{padding-left:0;padding-right:15em}
|
|
body.toc2.toc-right #toc.toc2{border-right-width:0;border-left:1px solid #e7e7e9;left:auto;right:0}}
|
|
@media screen and (min-width:1280px){body.toc2{padding-left:20em;padding-right:0}
|
|
#toc.toc2{width:20em}
|
|
#toc.toc2 #toctitle{font-size:1.375em}
|
|
#toc.toc2>ul{font-size:.95em}
|
|
#toc.toc2 ul ul{padding-left:1.25em}
|
|
body.toc2.toc-right{padding-left:0;padding-right:20em}}
|
|
#content #toc{border-style:solid;border-width:1px;border-color:#e0e0dc;margin-bottom:1.25em;padding:1.25em;background:#f8f8f7;-webkit-border-radius:4px;border-radius:4px}
|
|
#content #toc>:first-child{margin-top:0}
|
|
#content #toc>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}
|
|
#footer{max-width:100%;background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.8);padding:1.25em}
|
|
#footer-text{color:rgba(255,255,255,.8);line-height:1.44}
|
|
#content{margin-bottom:.625em}
|
|
.sect1{padding-bottom:.625em}
|
|
@media screen and (min-width:768px){#content{margin-bottom:1.25em}
|
|
.sect1{padding-bottom:1.25em}}
|
|
.sect1:last-child{padding-bottom:0}
|
|
.sect1+.sect1{border-top:1px solid #e7e7e9}
|
|
#content h1>a.anchor,h2>a.anchor,h3>a.anchor,#toctitle>a.anchor,.sidebarblock>.content>.title>a.anchor,h4>a.anchor,h5>a.anchor,h6>a.anchor{position:absolute;z-index:1001;width:1.5ex;margin-left:-1.5ex;display:block;text-decoration:none!important;visibility:hidden;text-align:center;font-weight:400}
|
|
#content h1>a.anchor::before,h2>a.anchor::before,h3>a.anchor::before,#toctitle>a.anchor::before,.sidebarblock>.content>.title>a.anchor::before,h4>a.anchor::before,h5>a.anchor::before,h6>a.anchor::before{content:"\00A7";font-size:.85em;display:block;padding-top:.1em}
|
|
#content h1:hover>a.anchor,#content h1>a.anchor:hover,h2:hover>a.anchor,h2>a.anchor:hover,h3:hover>a.anchor,#toctitle:hover>a.anchor,.sidebarblock>.content>.title:hover>a.anchor,h3>a.anchor:hover,#toctitle>a.anchor:hover,.sidebarblock>.content>.title>a.anchor:hover,h4:hover>a.anchor,h4>a.anchor:hover,h5:hover>a.anchor,h5>a.anchor:hover,h6:hover>a.anchor,h6>a.anchor:hover{visibility:visible}
|
|
#content h1>a.link,h2>a.link,h3>a.link,#toctitle>a.link,.sidebarblock>.content>.title>a.link,h4>a.link,h5>a.link,h6>a.link{color:#ba3925;text-decoration:none}
|
|
#content h1>a.link:hover,h2>a.link:hover,h3>a.link:hover,#toctitle>a.link:hover,.sidebarblock>.content>.title>a.link:hover,h4>a.link:hover,h5>a.link:hover,h6>a.link:hover{color:#a53221}
|
|
.audioblock,.imageblock,.literalblock,.listingblock,.stemblock,.videoblock{margin-bottom:1.25em}
|
|
.admonitionblock td.content>.title,.audioblock>.title,.exampleblock>.title,.imageblock>.title,.listingblock>.title,.literalblock>.title,.stemblock>.title,.openblock>.title,.paragraph>.title,.quoteblock>.title,table.tableblock>.title,.verseblock>.title,.videoblock>.title,.dlist>.title,.olist>.title,.ulist>.title,.qlist>.title,.hdlist>.title{text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;text-align:left;font-family:"Noto Serif","DejaVu Serif",serif;font-size:1rem;font-style:italic}
|
|
table.tableblock.fit-content>caption.title{white-space:nowrap;width:0}
|
|
.paragraph.lead>p,#preamble>.sectionbody>[class="paragraph"]:first-of-type p{font-size:1.21875em;line-height:1.6;color:rgba(0,0,0,.85)}
|
|
table.tableblock #preamble>.sectionbody>[class="paragraph"]:first-of-type p{font-size:inherit}
|
|
.admonitionblock>table{border-collapse:separate;border:0;background:none;width:100%}
|
|
.admonitionblock>table td.icon{text-align:center;width:80px}
|
|
.admonitionblock>table td.icon img{max-width:none}
|
|
.admonitionblock>table td.icon .title{font-weight:bold;font-family:"Open Sans","DejaVu Sans",sans-serif;text-transform:uppercase}
|
|
.admonitionblock>table td.content{padding-left:1.125em;padding-right:1.25em;border-left:1px solid #dddddf;color:rgba(0,0,0,.6)}
|
|
.admonitionblock>table td.content>:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}
|
|
.exampleblock>.content{border-style:solid;border-width:1px;border-color:#e6e6e6;margin-bottom:1.25em;padding:1.25em;background:#fff;-webkit-border-radius:4px;border-radius:4px}
|
|
.exampleblock>.content>:first-child{margin-top:0}
|
|
.exampleblock>.content>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}
|
|
.sidebarblock{border-style:solid;border-width:1px;border-color:#e0e0dc;margin-bottom:1.25em;padding:1.25em;background:#f8f8f7;-webkit-border-radius:4px;border-radius:4px}
|
|
.sidebarblock>:first-child{margin-top:0}
|
|
.sidebarblock>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}
|
|
.sidebarblock>.content>.title{color:#7a2518;margin-top:0;text-align:center}
|
|
.exampleblock>.content>:last-child>:last-child,.exampleblock>.content .olist>ol>li:last-child>:last-child,.exampleblock>.content .ulist>ul>li:last-child>:last-child,.exampleblock>.content .qlist>ol>li:last-child>:last-child,.sidebarblock>.content>:last-child>:last-child,.sidebarblock>.content .olist>ol>li:last-child>:last-child,.sidebarblock>.content .ulist>ul>li:last-child>:last-child,.sidebarblock>.content .qlist>ol>li:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}
|
|
.literalblock pre,.listingblock pre:not(.highlight),.listingblock pre[class="highlight"],.listingblock pre[class^="highlight "],.listingblock pre.CodeRay,.listingblock pre.prettyprint{background:#f7f7f8}
|
|
.sidebarblock .literalblock pre,.sidebarblock .listingblock pre:not(.highlight),.sidebarblock .listingblock pre[class="highlight"],.sidebarblock .listingblock pre[class^="highlight "],.sidebarblock .listingblock pre.CodeRay,.sidebarblock .listingblock pre.prettyprint{background:#f2f1f1}
|
|
.literalblock pre,.literalblock pre[class],.listingblock pre,.listingblock pre[class]{-webkit-border-radius:4px;border-radius:4px;word-wrap:break-word;overflow-x:auto;padding:1em;font-size:.8125em}
|
|
@media screen and (min-width:768px){.literalblock pre,.literalblock pre[class],.listingblock pre,.listingblock pre[class]{font-size:.90625em}}
|
|
@media screen and (min-width:1280px){.literalblock pre,.literalblock pre[class],.listingblock pre,.listingblock pre[class]{font-size:1em}}
|
|
.literalblock pre.nowrap,.literalblock pre.nowrap pre,.listingblock pre.nowrap,.listingblock pre.nowrap pre{white-space:pre;word-wrap:normal}
|
|
.literalblock.output pre{color:#f7f7f8;background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.9)}
|
|
.listingblock pre.highlightjs{padding:0}
|
|
.listingblock pre.highlightjs>code{padding:1em;-webkit-border-radius:4px;border-radius:4px}
|
|
.listingblock pre.prettyprint{border-width:0}
|
|
.listingblock>.content{position:relative}
|
|
.listingblock code[data-lang]::before{display:none;content:attr(data-lang);position:absolute;font-size:.75em;top:.425rem;right:.5rem;line-height:1;text-transform:uppercase;color:#999}
|
|
.listingblock:hover code[data-lang]::before{display:block}
|
|
.listingblock.terminal pre .command::before{content:attr(data-prompt);padding-right:.5em;color:#999}
|
|
.listingblock.terminal pre .command:not([data-prompt])::before{content:"$"}
|
|
table.pyhltable{border-collapse:separate;border:0;margin-bottom:0;background:none}
|
|
table.pyhltable td{vertical-align:top;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;line-height:1.45}
|
|
table.pyhltable td.code{padding-left:.75em;padding-right:0}
|
|
pre.pygments .lineno,table.pyhltable td:not(.code){color:#999;padding-left:0;padding-right:.5em;border-right:1px solid #dddddf}
|
|
pre.pygments .lineno{display:inline-block;margin-right:.25em}
|
|
table.pyhltable .linenodiv{background:none!important;padding-right:0!important}
|
|
.quoteblock{margin:0 1em 1.25em 1.5em;display:table}
|
|
.quoteblock>.title{margin-left:-1.5em;margin-bottom:.75em}
|
|
.quoteblock blockquote,.quoteblock p{color:rgba(0,0,0,.85);font-size:1.15rem;line-height:1.75;word-spacing:.1em;letter-spacing:0;font-style:italic;text-align:justify}
|
|
.quoteblock blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border:0}
|
|
.quoteblock blockquote::before{content:"\201c";float:left;font-size:2.75em;font-weight:bold;line-height:.6em;margin-left:-.6em;color:#7a2518;text-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.1)}
|
|
.quoteblock blockquote>.paragraph:last-child p{margin-bottom:0}
|
|
.quoteblock .attribution{margin-top:.75em;margin-right:.5ex;text-align:right}
|
|
.verseblock{margin:0 1em 1.25em}
|
|
.verseblock pre{font-family:"Open Sans","DejaVu Sans",sans;font-size:1.15rem;color:rgba(0,0,0,.85);font-weight:300;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility}
|
|
.verseblock pre strong{font-weight:400}
|
|
.verseblock .attribution{margin-top:1.25rem;margin-left:.5ex}
|
|
.quoteblock .attribution,.verseblock .attribution{font-size:.9375em;line-height:1.45;font-style:italic}
|
|
.quoteblock .attribution br,.verseblock .attribution br{display:none}
|
|
.quoteblock .attribution cite,.verseblock .attribution cite{display:block;letter-spacing:-.025em;color:rgba(0,0,0,.6)}
|
|
.quoteblock.abstract blockquote::before,.quoteblock.excerpt blockquote::before,.quoteblock .quoteblock blockquote::before{display:none}
|
|
.quoteblock.abstract blockquote,.quoteblock.abstract p,.quoteblock.excerpt blockquote,.quoteblock.excerpt p,.quoteblock .quoteblock blockquote,.quoteblock .quoteblock p{line-height:1.6;word-spacing:0}
|
|
.quoteblock.abstract{margin:0 1em 1.25em;display:block}
|
|
.quoteblock.abstract>.title{margin:0 0 .375em;font-size:1.15em;text-align:center}
|
|
.quoteblock.excerpt,.quoteblock .quoteblock{margin:0 0 1.25em;padding:0 0 .25em 1em;border-left:.25em solid #dddddf}
|
|
.quoteblock.excerpt blockquote,.quoteblock.excerpt p,.quoteblock .quoteblock blockquote,.quoteblock .quoteblock p{color:inherit;font-size:1.0625rem}
|
|
.quoteblock.excerpt .attribution,.quoteblock .quoteblock .attribution{color:inherit;text-align:left;margin-right:0}
|
|
table.tableblock{max-width:100%;border-collapse:separate}
|
|
p.tableblock:last-child{margin-bottom:0}
|
|
td.tableblock>.content{margin-bottom:-1.25em}
|
|
table.tableblock,th.tableblock,td.tableblock{border:0 solid #dedede}
|
|
table.grid-all>thead>tr>.tableblock,table.grid-all>tbody>tr>.tableblock{border-width:0 1px 1px 0}
|
|
table.grid-all>tfoot>tr>.tableblock{border-width:1px 1px 0 0}
|
|
table.grid-cols>*>tr>.tableblock{border-width:0 1px 0 0}
|
|
table.grid-rows>thead>tr>.tableblock,table.grid-rows>tbody>tr>.tableblock{border-width:0 0 1px}
|
|
table.grid-rows>tfoot>tr>.tableblock{border-width:1px 0 0}
|
|
table.grid-all>*>tr>.tableblock:last-child,table.grid-cols>*>tr>.tableblock:last-child{border-right-width:0}
|
|
table.grid-all>tbody>tr:last-child>.tableblock,table.grid-all>thead:last-child>tr>.tableblock,table.grid-rows>tbody>tr:last-child>.tableblock,table.grid-rows>thead:last-child>tr>.tableblock{border-bottom-width:0}
|
|
table.frame-all{border-width:1px}
|
|
table.frame-sides{border-width:0 1px}
|
|
table.frame-topbot,table.frame-ends{border-width:1px 0}
|
|
table.stripes-all tr,table.stripes-odd tr:nth-of-type(odd){background:#f8f8f7}
|
|
table.stripes-none tr,table.stripes-odd tr:nth-of-type(even){background:none}
|
|
th.halign-left,td.halign-left{text-align:left}
|
|
th.halign-right,td.halign-right{text-align:right}
|
|
th.halign-center,td.halign-center{text-align:center}
|
|
th.valign-top,td.valign-top{vertical-align:top}
|
|
th.valign-bottom,td.valign-bottom{vertical-align:bottom}
|
|
th.valign-middle,td.valign-middle{vertical-align:middle}
|
|
table thead th,table tfoot th{font-weight:bold}
|
|
tbody tr th{display:table-cell;line-height:1.6;background:#f7f8f7}
|
|
tbody tr th,tbody tr th p,tfoot tr th,tfoot tr th p{color:rgba(0,0,0,.8);font-weight:bold}
|
|
p.tableblock>code:only-child{background:none;padding:0}
|
|
p.tableblock{font-size:1em}
|
|
td>div.verse{white-space:pre}
|
|
ol{margin-left:1.75em}
|
|
ul li ol{margin-left:1.5em}
|
|
dl dd{margin-left:1.125em}
|
|
dl dd:last-child,dl dd:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}
|
|
ol>li p,ul>li p,ul dd,ol dd,.olist .olist,.ulist .ulist,.ulist .olist,.olist .ulist{margin-bottom:.625em}
|
|
ul.checklist,ul.none,ol.none,ul.no-bullet,ol.no-bullet,ol.unnumbered,ul.unstyled,ol.unstyled{list-style-type:none}
|
|
ul.no-bullet,ol.no-bullet,ol.unnumbered{margin-left:.625em}
|
|
ul.unstyled,ol.unstyled{margin-left:0}
|
|
ul.checklist{margin-left:.625em}
|
|
ul.checklist li>p:first-child>.fa-square-o:first-child,ul.checklist li>p:first-child>.fa-check-square-o:first-child{width:1.25em;font-size:.8em;position:relative;bottom:.125em}
|
|
ul.checklist li>p:first-child>input[type="checkbox"]:first-child{margin-right:.25em}
|
|
ul.inline{display:-ms-flexbox;display:-webkit-box;display:flex;-ms-flex-flow:row wrap;-webkit-flex-flow:row wrap;flex-flow:row wrap;list-style:none;margin:0 0 .625em -1.25em}
|
|
ul.inline>li{margin-left:1.25em}
|
|
.unstyled dl dt{font-weight:400;font-style:normal}
|
|
ol.arabic{list-style-type:decimal}
|
|
ol.decimal{list-style-type:decimal-leading-zero}
|
|
ol.loweralpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}
|
|
ol.upperalpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}
|
|
ol.lowerroman{list-style-type:lower-roman}
|
|
ol.upperroman{list-style-type:upper-roman}
|
|
ol.lowergreek{list-style-type:lower-greek}
|
|
.hdlist>table,.colist>table{border:0;background:none}
|
|
.hdlist>table>tbody>tr,.colist>table>tbody>tr{background:none}
|
|
td.hdlist1,td.hdlist2{vertical-align:top;padding:0 .625em}
|
|
td.hdlist1{font-weight:bold;padding-bottom:1.25em}
|
|
.literalblock+.colist,.listingblock+.colist{margin-top:-.5em}
|
|
.colist td:not([class]):first-child{padding:.4em .75em 0;line-height:1;vertical-align:top}
|
|
.colist td:not([class]):first-child img{max-width:none}
|
|
.colist td:not([class]):last-child{padding:.25em 0}
|
|
.thumb,.th{line-height:0;display:inline-block;border:solid 4px #fff;-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 0 1px #ddd;box-shadow:0 0 0 1px #ddd}
|
|
.imageblock.left{margin:.25em .625em 1.25em 0}
|
|
.imageblock.right{margin:.25em 0 1.25em .625em}
|
|
.imageblock>.title{margin-bottom:0}
|
|
.imageblock.thumb,.imageblock.th{border-width:6px}
|
|
.imageblock.thumb>.title,.imageblock.th>.title{padding:0 .125em}
|
|
.image.left,.image.right{margin-top:.25em;margin-bottom:.25em;display:inline-block;line-height:0}
|
|
.image.left{margin-right:.625em}
|
|
.image.right{margin-left:.625em}
|
|
a.image{text-decoration:none;display:inline-block}
|
|
a.image object{pointer-events:none}
|
|
sup.footnote,sup.footnoteref{font-size:.875em;position:static;vertical-align:super}
|
|
sup.footnote a,sup.footnoteref a{text-decoration:none}
|
|
sup.footnote a:active,sup.footnoteref a:active{text-decoration:underline}
|
|
#footnotes{padding-top:.75em;padding-bottom:.75em;margin-bottom:.625em}
|
|
#footnotes hr{width:20%;min-width:6.25em;margin:-.25em 0 .75em;border-width:1px 0 0}
|
|
#footnotes .footnote{padding:0 .375em 0 .225em;line-height:1.3334;font-size:.875em;margin-left:1.2em;margin-bottom:.2em}
|
|
#footnotes .footnote a:first-of-type{font-weight:bold;text-decoration:none;margin-left:-1.05em}
|
|
#footnotes .footnote:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0}
|
|
#content #footnotes{margin-top:-.625em;margin-bottom:0;padding:.75em 0}
|
|
.gist .file-data>table{border:0;background:#fff;width:100%;margin-bottom:0}
|
|
.gist .file-data>table td.line-data{width:99%}
|
|
div.unbreakable{page-break-inside:avoid}
|
|
.big{font-size:larger}
|
|
.small{font-size:smaller}
|
|
.underline{text-decoration:underline}
|
|
.overline{text-decoration:overline}
|
|
.line-through{text-decoration:line-through}
|
|
.aqua{color:#00bfbf}
|
|
.aqua-background{background-color:#00fafa}
|
|
.black{color:#000}
|
|
.black-background{background-color:#000}
|
|
.blue{color:#0000bf}
|
|
.blue-background{background-color:#0000fa}
|
|
.fuchsia{color:#bf00bf}
|
|
.fuchsia-background{background-color:#fa00fa}
|
|
.gray{color:#606060}
|
|
.gray-background{background-color:#7d7d7d}
|
|
.green{color:#006000}
|
|
.green-background{background-color:#007d00}
|
|
.lime{color:#00bf00}
|
|
.lime-background{background-color:#00fa00}
|
|
.maroon{color:#600000}
|
|
.maroon-background{background-color:#7d0000}
|
|
.navy{color:#000060}
|
|
.navy-background{background-color:#00007d}
|
|
.olive{color:#606000}
|
|
.olive-background{background-color:#7d7d00}
|
|
.purple{color:#600060}
|
|
.purple-background{background-color:#7d007d}
|
|
.red{color:#bf0000}
|
|
.red-background{background-color:#fa0000}
|
|
.silver{color:#909090}
|
|
.silver-background{background-color:#bcbcbc}
|
|
.teal{color:#006060}
|
|
.teal-background{background-color:#007d7d}
|
|
.white{color:#bfbfbf}
|
|
.white-background{background-color:#fafafa}
|
|
.yellow{color:#bfbf00}
|
|
.yellow-background{background-color:#fafa00}
|
|
span.icon>.fa{cursor:default}
|
|
a span.icon>.fa{cursor:inherit}
|
|
.admonitionblock td.icon [class^="fa icon-"]{font-size:2.5em;text-shadow:1px 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.5);cursor:default}
|
|
.admonitionblock td.icon .icon-note::before{content:"\f05a";color:#19407c}
|
|
.admonitionblock td.icon .icon-tip::before{content:"\f0eb";text-shadow:1px 1px 2px rgba(155,155,0,.8);color:#111}
|
|
.admonitionblock td.icon .icon-warning::before{content:"\f071";color:#bf6900}
|
|
.admonitionblock td.icon .icon-caution::before{content:"\f06d";color:#bf3400}
|
|
.admonitionblock td.icon .icon-important::before{content:"\f06a";color:#bf0000}
|
|
.conum[data-value]{display:inline-block;color:#fff!important;background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.8);-webkit-border-radius:100px;border-radius:100px;text-align:center;font-size:.75em;width:1.67em;height:1.67em;line-height:1.67em;font-family:"Open Sans","DejaVu Sans",sans-serif;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold}
|
|
.conum[data-value] *{color:#fff!important}
|
|
.conum[data-value]+b{display:none}
|
|
.conum[data-value]::after{content:attr(data-value)}
|
|
pre .conum[data-value]{position:relative;top:-.125em}
|
|
b.conum *{color:inherit!important}
|
|
.conum:not([data-value]):empty{display:none}
|
|
dt,th.tableblock,td.content,div.footnote{text-rendering:optimizeLegibility}
|
|
h1,h2,p,td.content,span.alt{letter-spacing:-.01em}
|
|
p strong,td.content strong,div.footnote strong{letter-spacing:-.005em}
|
|
p,blockquote,dt,td.content,span.alt{font-size:1.0625rem}
|
|
p{margin-bottom:1.25rem}
|
|
.sidebarblock p,.sidebarblock dt,.sidebarblock td.content,p.tableblock{font-size:1em}
|
|
.exampleblock>.content{background-color:#fffef7;border-color:#e0e0dc;-webkit-box-shadow:0 1px 4px #e0e0dc;box-shadow:0 1px 4px #e0e0dc}
|
|
.print-only{display:none!important}
|
|
@page{margin:1.25cm .75cm}
|
|
@media print{*{-webkit-box-shadow:none!important;box-shadow:none!important;text-shadow:none!important}
|
|
html{font-size:80%}
|
|
a{color:inherit!important;text-decoration:underline!important}
|
|
a.bare,a[href^="#"],a[href^="mailto:"]{text-decoration:none!important}
|
|
a[href^="http:"]:not(.bare)::after,a[href^="https:"]:not(.bare)::after{content:"(" attr(href) ")";display:inline-block;font-size:.875em;padding-left:.25em}
|
|
abbr[title]::after{content:" (" attr(title) ")"}
|
|
pre,blockquote,tr,img,object,svg{page-break-inside:avoid}
|
|
thead{display:table-header-group}
|
|
svg{max-width:100%}
|
|
p,blockquote,dt,td.content{font-size:1em;orphans:3;widows:3}
|
|
h2,h3,#toctitle,.sidebarblock>.content>.title{page-break-after:avoid}
|
|
#toc,.sidebarblock,.exampleblock>.content{background:none!important}
|
|
#toc{border-bottom:1px solid #dddddf!important;padding-bottom:0!important}
|
|
body.book #header{text-align:center}
|
|
body.book #header>h1:first-child{border:0!important;margin:2.5em 0 1em}
|
|
body.book #header .details{border:0!important;display:block;padding:0!important}
|
|
body.book #header .details span:first-child{margin-left:0!important}
|
|
body.book #header .details br{display:block}
|
|
body.book #header .details br+span::before{content:none!important}
|
|
body.book #toc{border:0!important;text-align:left!important;padding:0!important;margin:0!important}
|
|
body.book #toc,body.book #preamble,body.book h1.sect0,body.book .sect1>h2{page-break-before:always}
|
|
.listingblock code[data-lang]::before{display:block}
|
|
#footer{padding:0 .9375em}
|
|
.hide-on-print{display:none!important}
|
|
.print-only{display:block!important}
|
|
.hide-for-print{display:none!important}
|
|
.show-for-print{display:inherit!important}}
|
|
@media print,amzn-kf8{#header>h1:first-child{margin-top:1.25rem}
|
|
.sect1{padding:0!important}
|
|
.sect1+.sect1{border:0}
|
|
#footer{background:none}
|
|
#footer-text{color:rgba(0,0,0,.6);font-size:.9em}}
|
|
@media amzn-kf8{#header,#content,#footnotes,#footer{padding:0}}
|
|
</style>
|
|
</head>
|
|
<body class="manpage">
|
|
<div id="header">
|
|
<h1>git-push(1) Manual Page</h1>
|
|
<h2 id="_name">NAME</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<p>git-push - Update remote refs along with associated objects</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div id="content">
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="verseblock">
|
|
<pre class="content"><em>git push</em> [--all | --mirror | --tags] [--follow-tags] [--atomic] [-n | --dry-run] [--receive-pack=<git-receive-pack>]
|
|
[--repo=<repository>] [-f | --force] [-d | --delete] [--prune] [-v | --verbose]
|
|
[-u | --set-upstream] [-o <string> | --push-option=<string>]
|
|
[--[no-]signed|--signed=(true|false|if-asked)]
|
|
[--force-with-lease[=<refname>[:<expect>]]]
|
|
[--no-verify] [<repository> [<refspec>…​]]</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Updates remote refs using local refs, while sending objects
|
|
necessary to complete the given refs.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>You can make interesting things happen to a repository
|
|
every time you push into it, by setting up <em>hooks</em> there. See
|
|
documentation for <a href="git-receive-pack.html">git-receive-pack</a>(1).</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>When the command line does not specify where to push with the
|
|
<code><repository></code> argument, <code>branch.*.remote</code> configuration for the
|
|
current branch is consulted to determine where to push. If the
|
|
configuration is missing, it defaults to <em>origin</em>.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>When the command line does not specify what to push with <code><refspec>...</code>
|
|
arguments or <code>--all</code>, <code>--mirror</code>, <code>--tags</code> options, the command finds
|
|
the default <code><refspec></code> by consulting <code>remote.*.push</code> configuration,
|
|
and if it is not found, honors <code>push.default</code> configuration to decide
|
|
what to push (See <a href="git-config.html">git-config</a>(1) for the meaning of <code>push.default</code>).</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>When neither the command-line nor the configuration specify what to
|
|
push, the default behavior is used, which corresponds to the <code>simple</code>
|
|
value for <code>push.default</code>: the current branch is pushed to the
|
|
corresponding upstream branch, but as a safety measure, the push is
|
|
aborted if the upstream branch does not have the same name as the
|
|
local one.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_options">OPTIONS<a id="OPTIONS"></a></h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="dlist">
|
|
<dl>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><repository></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>The "remote" repository that is destination of a push
|
|
operation. This parameter can be either a URL
|
|
(see the section <a href="#URLS">GIT URLS</a> below) or the name
|
|
of a remote (see the section <a href="#REMOTES">REMOTES</a> below).</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><refspec>…​</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Specify what destination ref to update with what source object.
|
|
The format of a <refspec> parameter is an optional plus
|
|
<code>+</code>, followed by the source object <src>, followed
|
|
by a colon <code>:</code>, followed by the destination ref <dst>.</p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The <src> is often the name of the branch you would want to push, but
|
|
it can be any arbitrary "SHA-1 expression", such as <code>master~4</code> or
|
|
<code>HEAD</code> (see <a href="gitrevisions.html">gitrevisions</a>(7)).</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The <dst> tells which ref on the remote side is updated with this
|
|
push. Arbitrary expressions cannot be used here, an actual ref must
|
|
be named.
|
|
If <code>git push [<repository>]</code> without any <code><refspec></code> argument is set to
|
|
update some ref at the destination with <code><src></code> with
|
|
<code>remote.<repository>.push</code> configuration variable, <code>:<dst></code> part can
|
|
be omitted—​such a push will update a ref that <code><src></code> normally updates
|
|
without any <code><refspec></code> on the command line. Otherwise, missing
|
|
<code>:<dst></code> means to update the same ref as the <code><src></code>.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>If <dst> doesn’t start with <code>refs/</code> (e.g. <code>refs/heads/master</code>) we will
|
|
try to infer where in <code>refs/*</code> on the destination <repository> it
|
|
belongs based on the the type of <src> being pushed and whether <dst>
|
|
is ambiguous.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="openblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<div class="ulist">
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>If <dst> unambiguously refers to a ref on the <repository> remote,
|
|
then push to that ref.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>If <src> resolves to a ref starting with refs/heads/ or refs/tags/,
|
|
then prepend that to <dst>.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Other ambiguity resolutions might be added in the future, but for
|
|
now any other cases will error out with an error indicating what we
|
|
tried, and depending on the <code>advice.pushUnqualifiedRefname</code>
|
|
configuration (see <a href="git-config.html">git-config</a>(1)) suggest what refs/
|
|
namespace you may have wanted to push to.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The object referenced by <src> is used to update the <dst> reference
|
|
on the remote side. Whether this is allowed depends on where in
|
|
<code>refs/*</code> the <dst> reference lives as described in detail below, in
|
|
those sections "update" means any modifications except deletes, which
|
|
as noted after the next few sections are treated differently.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The <code>refs/heads/*</code> namespace will only accept commit objects, and
|
|
updates only if they can be fast-forwarded.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The <code>refs/tags/*</code> namespace will accept any kind of object (as
|
|
commits, trees and blobs can be tagged), and any updates to them will
|
|
be rejected.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>It’s possible to push any type of object to any namespace outside of
|
|
<code>refs/{tags,heads}/*</code>. In the case of tags and commits, these will be
|
|
treated as if they were the commits inside <code>refs/heads/*</code> for the
|
|
purposes of whether the update is allowed.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>I.e. a fast-forward of commits and tags outside <code>refs/{tags,heads}/*</code>
|
|
is allowed, even in cases where what’s being fast-forwarded is not a
|
|
commit, but a tag object which happens to point to a new commit which
|
|
is a fast-forward of the commit the last tag (or commit) it’s
|
|
replacing. Replacing a tag with an entirely different tag is also
|
|
allowed, if it points to the same commit, as well as pushing a peeled
|
|
tag, i.e. pushing the commit that existing tag object points to, or a
|
|
new tag object which an existing commit points to.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Tree and blob objects outside of <code>refs/{tags,heads}/*</code> will be treated
|
|
the same way as if they were inside <code>refs/tags/*</code>, any update of them
|
|
will be rejected.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>All of the rules described above about what’s not allowed as an update
|
|
can be overridden by adding an the optional leading <code>+</code> to a refspec
|
|
(or using <code>--force</code> command line option). The only exception to this
|
|
is that no amount of forcing will make the <code>refs/heads/*</code> namespace
|
|
accept a non-commit object. Hooks and configuration can also override
|
|
or amend these rules, see e.g. <code>receive.denyNonFastForwards</code> in
|
|
<a href="git-config.html">git-config</a>(1) and <code>pre-receive</code> and <code>update</code> in
|
|
<a href="githooks.html">githooks</a>(5).</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Pushing an empty <src> allows you to delete the <dst> ref from the
|
|
remote repository. Deletions are always accepted without a leading <code>+</code>
|
|
in the refspec (or <code>--force</code>), except when forbidden by configuration
|
|
or hooks. See <code>receive.denyDeletes</code> in <a href="git-config.html">git-config</a>(1) and
|
|
<code>pre-receive</code> and <code>update</code> in <a href="githooks.html">githooks</a>(5).</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The special refspec <code>:</code> (or <code>+:</code> to allow non-fast-forward updates)
|
|
directs Git to push "matching" branches: for every branch that exists on
|
|
the local side, the remote side is updated if a branch of the same name
|
|
already exists on the remote side.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p><code>tag <tag></code> means the same as <code>refs/tags/<tag>:refs/tags/<tag></code>.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--all</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Push all branches (i.e. refs under <code>refs/heads/</code>); cannot be
|
|
used with other <refspec>.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--prune</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Remove remote branches that don’t have a local counterpart. For example
|
|
a remote branch <code>tmp</code> will be removed if a local branch with the same
|
|
name doesn’t exist any more. This also respects refspecs, e.g.
|
|
<code>git push --prune remote refs/heads/*:refs/tmp/*</code> would
|
|
make sure that remote <code>refs/tmp/foo</code> will be removed if <code>refs/heads/foo</code>
|
|
doesn’t exist.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--mirror</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Instead of naming each ref to push, specifies that all
|
|
refs under <code>refs/</code> (which includes but is not
|
|
limited to <code>refs/heads/</code>, <code>refs/remotes/</code>, and <code>refs/tags/</code>)
|
|
be mirrored to the remote repository. Newly created local
|
|
refs will be pushed to the remote end, locally updated refs
|
|
will be force updated on the remote end, and deleted refs
|
|
will be removed from the remote end. This is the default
|
|
if the configuration option <code>remote.<remote>.mirror</code> is
|
|
set.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">-n</dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--dry-run</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Do everything except actually send the updates.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--porcelain</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Produce machine-readable output. The output status line for each ref
|
|
will be tab-separated and sent to stdout instead of stderr. The full
|
|
symbolic names of the refs will be given.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">-d</dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--delete</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>All listed refs are deleted from the remote repository. This is
|
|
the same as prefixing all refs with a colon.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--tags</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>All refs under <code>refs/tags</code> are pushed, in
|
|
addition to refspecs explicitly listed on the command
|
|
line.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--follow-tags</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Push all the refs that would be pushed without this option,
|
|
and also push annotated tags in <code>refs/tags</code> that are missing
|
|
from the remote but are pointing at commit-ish that are
|
|
reachable from the refs being pushed. This can also be specified
|
|
with configuration variable <code>push.followTags</code>. For more
|
|
information, see <code>push.followTags</code> in <a href="git-config.html">git-config</a>(1).</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--[no-]signed</dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--signed=(true|false|if-asked)</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>GPG-sign the push request to update refs on the receiving
|
|
side, to allow it to be checked by the hooks and/or be
|
|
logged. If <code>false</code> or <code>--no-signed</code>, no signing will be
|
|
attempted. If <code>true</code> or <code>--signed</code>, the push will fail if the
|
|
server does not support signed pushes. If set to <code>if-asked</code>,
|
|
sign if and only if the server supports signed pushes. The push
|
|
will also fail if the actual call to <code>gpg --sign</code> fails. See
|
|
<a href="git-receive-pack.html">git-receive-pack</a>(1) for the details on the receiving end.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--[no-]atomic</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Use an atomic transaction on the remote side if available.
|
|
Either all refs are updated, or on error, no refs are updated.
|
|
If the server does not support atomic pushes the push will fail.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">-o <option></dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--push-option=<option></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Transmit the given string to the server, which passes them to
|
|
the pre-receive as well as the post-receive hook. The given string
|
|
must not contain a NUL or LF character.
|
|
When multiple <code>--push-option=<option></code> are given, they are
|
|
all sent to the other side in the order listed on the
|
|
command line.
|
|
When no <code>--push-option=<option></code> is given from the command
|
|
line, the values of configuration variable <code>push.pushOption</code>
|
|
are used instead.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--receive-pack=<git-receive-pack></dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--exec=<git-receive-pack></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Path to the <em>git-receive-pack</em> program on the remote
|
|
end. Sometimes useful when pushing to a remote
|
|
repository over ssh, and you do not have the program in
|
|
a directory on the default $PATH.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--[no-]force-with-lease</dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--force-with-lease=<refname></dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--force-with-lease=<refname>:<expect></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Usually, "git push" refuses to update a remote ref that is
|
|
not an ancestor of the local ref used to overwrite it.</p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>This option overrides this restriction if the current value of the
|
|
remote ref is the expected value. "git push" fails otherwise.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Imagine that you have to rebase what you have already published.
|
|
You will have to bypass the "must fast-forward" rule in order to
|
|
replace the history you originally published with the rebased history.
|
|
If somebody else built on top of your original history while you are
|
|
rebasing, the tip of the branch at the remote may advance with her
|
|
commit, and blindly pushing with <code>--force</code> will lose her work.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>This option allows you to say that you expect the history you are
|
|
updating is what you rebased and want to replace. If the remote ref
|
|
still points at the commit you specified, you can be sure that no
|
|
other people did anything to the ref. It is like taking a "lease" on
|
|
the ref without explicitly locking it, and the remote ref is updated
|
|
only if the "lease" is still valid.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p><code>--force-with-lease</code> alone, without specifying the details, will protect
|
|
all remote refs that are going to be updated by requiring their
|
|
current value to be the same as the remote-tracking branch we have
|
|
for them.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p><code>--force-with-lease=<refname></code>, without specifying the expected value, will
|
|
protect the named ref (alone), if it is going to be updated, by
|
|
requiring its current value to be the same as the remote-tracking
|
|
branch we have for it.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p><code>--force-with-lease=<refname>:<expect></code> will protect the named ref (alone),
|
|
if it is going to be updated, by requiring its current value to be
|
|
the same as the specified value <code><expect></code> (which is allowed to be
|
|
different from the remote-tracking branch we have for the refname,
|
|
or we do not even have to have such a remote-tracking branch when
|
|
this form is used). If <code><expect></code> is the empty string, then the named ref
|
|
must not already exist.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Note that all forms other than <code>--force-with-lease=<refname>:<expect></code>
|
|
that specifies the expected current value of the ref explicitly are
|
|
still experimental and their semantics may change as we gain experience
|
|
with this feature.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>"--no-force-with-lease" will cancel all the previous --force-with-lease on the
|
|
command line.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>A general note on safety: supplying this option without an expected
|
|
value, i.e. as <code>--force-with-lease</code> or <code>--force-with-lease=<refname></code>
|
|
interacts very badly with anything that implicitly runs <code>git fetch</code> on
|
|
the remote to be pushed to in the background, e.g. <code>git fetch origin</code>
|
|
on your repository in a cronjob.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The protection it offers over <code>--force</code> is ensuring that subsequent
|
|
changes your work wasn’t based on aren’t clobbered, but this is
|
|
trivially defeated if some background process is updating refs in the
|
|
background. We don’t have anything except the remote tracking info to
|
|
go by as a heuristic for refs you’re expected to have seen & are
|
|
willing to clobber.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>If your editor or some other system is running <code>git fetch</code> in the
|
|
background for you a way to mitigate this is to simply set up another
|
|
remote:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>git remote add origin-push $(git config remote.origin.url)
|
|
git fetch origin-push</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Now when the background process runs <code>git fetch origin</code> the references
|
|
on <code>origin-push</code> won’t be updated, and thus commands like:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>git push --force-with-lease origin-push</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Will fail unless you manually run <code>git fetch origin-push</code>. This method
|
|
is of course entirely defeated by something that runs <code>git fetch
|
|
--all</code>, in that case you’d need to either disable it or do something
|
|
more tedious like:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>git fetch # update 'master' from remote
|
|
git tag base master # mark our base point
|
|
git rebase -i master # rewrite some commits
|
|
git push --force-with-lease=master:base master:master</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>I.e. create a <code>base</code> tag for versions of the upstream code that you’ve
|
|
seen and are willing to overwrite, then rewrite history, and finally
|
|
force push changes to <code>master</code> if the remote version is still at
|
|
<code>base</code>, regardless of what your local <code>remotes/origin/master</code> has been
|
|
updated to in the background.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">-f</dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--force</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Usually, the command refuses to update a remote ref that is
|
|
not an ancestor of the local ref used to overwrite it.
|
|
Also, when <code>--force-with-lease</code> option is used, the command refuses
|
|
to update a remote ref whose current value does not match
|
|
what is expected.</p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>This flag disables these checks, and can cause the remote repository
|
|
to lose commits; use it with care.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Note that <code>--force</code> applies to all the refs that are pushed, hence
|
|
using it with <code>push.default</code> set to <code>matching</code> or with multiple push
|
|
destinations configured with <code>remote.*.push</code> may overwrite refs
|
|
other than the current branch (including local refs that are
|
|
strictly behind their remote counterpart). To force a push to only
|
|
one branch, use a <code>+</code> in front of the refspec to push (e.g <code>git push
|
|
origin +master</code> to force a push to the <code>master</code> branch). See the
|
|
<code><refspec>...</code> section above for details.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--repo=<repository></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>This option is equivalent to the <repository> argument. If both
|
|
are specified, the command-line argument takes precedence.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">-u</dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--set-upstream</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>For every branch that is up to date or successfully pushed, add
|
|
upstream (tracking) reference, used by argument-less
|
|
<a href="git-pull.html">git-pull</a>(1) and other commands. For more information,
|
|
see <code>branch.<name>.merge</code> in <a href="git-config.html">git-config</a>(1).</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--[no-]thin</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>These options are passed to <a href="git-send-pack.html">git-send-pack</a>(1). A thin transfer
|
|
significantly reduces the amount of sent data when the sender and
|
|
receiver share many of the same objects in common. The default is
|
|
<code>--thin</code>.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">-q</dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--quiet</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Suppress all output, including the listing of updated refs,
|
|
unless an error occurs. Progress is not reported to the standard
|
|
error stream.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">-v</dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--verbose</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Run verbosely.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--progress</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Progress status is reported on the standard error stream
|
|
by default when it is attached to a terminal, unless -q
|
|
is specified. This flag forces progress status even if the
|
|
standard error stream is not directed to a terminal.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--no-recurse-submodules</dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--recurse-submodules=check|on-demand|only|no</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>May be used to make sure all submodule commits used by the
|
|
revisions to be pushed are available on a remote-tracking branch.
|
|
If <em>check</em> is used Git will verify that all submodule commits that
|
|
changed in the revisions to be pushed are available on at least one
|
|
remote of the submodule. If any commits are missing the push will
|
|
be aborted and exit with non-zero status. If <em>on-demand</em> is used
|
|
all submodules that changed in the revisions to be pushed will be
|
|
pushed. If on-demand was not able to push all necessary revisions it will
|
|
also be aborted and exit with non-zero status. If <em>only</em> is used all
|
|
submodules will be recursively pushed while the superproject is left
|
|
unpushed. A value of <em>no</em> or using <code>--no-recurse-submodules</code> can be used
|
|
to override the push.recurseSubmodules configuration variable when no
|
|
submodule recursion is required.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--[no-]verify</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Toggle the pre-push hook (see <a href="githooks.html">githooks</a>(5)). The
|
|
default is --verify, giving the hook a chance to prevent the
|
|
push. With --no-verify, the hook is bypassed completely.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">-4</dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--ipv4</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Use IPv4 addresses only, ignoring IPv6 addresses.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">-6</dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--ipv6</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Use IPv6 addresses only, ignoring IPv4 addresses.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_git_urls">GIT URLS<a id="URLS"></a></h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>In general, URLs contain information about the transport protocol, the
|
|
address of the remote server, and the path to the repository.
|
|
Depending on the transport protocol, some of this information may be
|
|
absent.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Git supports ssh, git, http, and https protocols (in addition, ftp,
|
|
and ftps can be used for fetching, but this is inefficient and
|
|
deprecated; do not use it).</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The native transport (i.e. git:// URL) does no authentication and
|
|
should be used with caution on unsecured networks.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The following syntaxes may be used with them:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="ulist">
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>ssh://[user@]host.xz[:port]/path/to/repo.git/</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>git://host.xz[:port]/path/to/repo.git/</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>http[s]://host.xz[:port]/path/to/repo.git/</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>ftp[s]://host.xz[:port]/path/to/repo.git/</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>An alternative scp-like syntax may also be used with the ssh protocol:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="ulist">
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>[user@]host.xz:path/to/repo.git/</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>This syntax is only recognized if there are no slashes before the
|
|
first colon. This helps differentiate a local path that contains a
|
|
colon. For example the local path <code>foo:bar</code> could be specified as an
|
|
absolute path or <code>./foo:bar</code> to avoid being misinterpreted as an ssh
|
|
url.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The ssh and git protocols additionally support ~username expansion:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="ulist">
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>ssh://[user@]host.xz[:port]/~[user]/path/to/repo.git/</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>git://host.xz[:port]/~[user]/path/to/repo.git/</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>[user@]host.xz:/~[user]/path/to/repo.git/</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>For local repositories, also supported by Git natively, the following
|
|
syntaxes may be used:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="ulist">
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>/path/to/repo.git/</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>file:///path/to/repo.git/</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>These two syntaxes are mostly equivalent, except when cloning, when
|
|
the former implies --local option. See <a href="git-clone.html">git-clone</a>(1) for
|
|
details.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>When Git doesn’t know how to handle a certain transport protocol, it
|
|
attempts to use the <em>remote-<transport></em> remote helper, if one
|
|
exists. To explicitly request a remote helper, the following syntax
|
|
may be used:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="ulist">
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><transport>::<address></p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>where <address> may be a path, a server and path, or an arbitrary
|
|
URL-like string recognized by the specific remote helper being
|
|
invoked. See <a href="gitremote-helpers.html">gitremote-helpers</a>(1) for details.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>If there are a large number of similarly-named remote repositories and
|
|
you want to use a different format for them (such that the URLs you
|
|
use will be rewritten into URLs that work), you can create a
|
|
configuration section of the form:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre> [url "<actual url base>"]
|
|
insteadOf = <other url base></pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>For example, with this:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre> [url "git://git.host.xz/"]
|
|
insteadOf = host.xz:/path/to/
|
|
insteadOf = work:</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>a URL like "work:repo.git" or like "host.xz:/path/to/repo.git" will be
|
|
rewritten in any context that takes a URL to be "git://git.host.xz/repo.git".</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>If you want to rewrite URLs for push only, you can create a
|
|
configuration section of the form:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre> [url "<actual url base>"]
|
|
pushInsteadOf = <other url base></pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>For example, with this:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre> [url "ssh://example.org/"]
|
|
pushInsteadOf = git://example.org/</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>a URL like "git://example.org/path/to/repo.git" will be rewritten to
|
|
"ssh://example.org/path/to/repo.git" for pushes, but pulls will still
|
|
use the original URL.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_remotes">REMOTES<a id="REMOTES"></a></h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The name of one of the following can be used instead
|
|
of a URL as <code><repository></code> argument:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="ulist">
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>a remote in the Git configuration file: <code>$GIT_DIR/config</code>,</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>a file in the <code>$GIT_DIR/remotes</code> directory, or</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>a file in the <code>$GIT_DIR/branches</code> directory.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>All of these also allow you to omit the refspec from the command line
|
|
because they each contain a refspec which git will use by default.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="_named_remote_in_configuration_file">Named remote in configuration file</h3>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>You can choose to provide the name of a remote which you had previously
|
|
configured using <a href="git-remote.html">git-remote</a>(1), <a href="git-config.html">git-config</a>(1)
|
|
or even by a manual edit to the <code>$GIT_DIR/config</code> file. The URL of
|
|
this remote will be used to access the repository. The refspec
|
|
of this remote will be used by default when you do
|
|
not provide a refspec on the command line. The entry in the
|
|
config file would appear like this:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre> [remote "<name>"]
|
|
url = <url>
|
|
pushurl = <pushurl>
|
|
push = <refspec>
|
|
fetch = <refspec></pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The <code><pushurl></code> is used for pushes only. It is optional and defaults
|
|
to <code><url></code>.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="_named_file_in_git_dirremotes">Named file in <code>$GIT_DIR/remotes</code></h3>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>You can choose to provide the name of a
|
|
file in <code>$GIT_DIR/remotes</code>. The URL
|
|
in this file will be used to access the repository. The refspec
|
|
in this file will be used as default when you do not
|
|
provide a refspec on the command line. This file should have the
|
|
following format:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre> URL: one of the above URL format
|
|
Push: <refspec>
|
|
Pull: <refspec></pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p><code>Push:</code> lines are used by <em>git push</em> and
|
|
<code>Pull:</code> lines are used by <em>git pull</em> and <em>git fetch</em>.
|
|
Multiple <code>Push:</code> and <code>Pull:</code> lines may
|
|
be specified for additional branch mappings.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="_named_file_in_git_dirbranches">Named file in <code>$GIT_DIR/branches</code></h3>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>You can choose to provide the name of a
|
|
file in <code>$GIT_DIR/branches</code>.
|
|
The URL in this file will be used to access the repository.
|
|
This file should have the following format:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre> <url>#<head></pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p><code><url></code> is required; <code>#<head></code> is optional.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Depending on the operation, git will use one of the following
|
|
refspecs, if you don’t provide one on the command line.
|
|
<code><branch></code> is the name of this file in <code>$GIT_DIR/branches</code> and
|
|
<code><head></code> defaults to <code>master</code>.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>git fetch uses:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre> refs/heads/<head>:refs/heads/<branch></pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>git push uses:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre> HEAD:refs/heads/<head></pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_output">OUTPUT</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The output of "git push" depends on the transport method used; this
|
|
section describes the output when pushing over the Git protocol (either
|
|
locally or via ssh).</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The status of the push is output in tabular form, with each line
|
|
representing the status of a single ref. Each line is of the form:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre> <flag> <summary> <from> -> <to> (<reason>)</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>If --porcelain is used, then each line of the output is of the form:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre> <flag> \t <from>:<to> \t <summary> (<reason>)</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The status of up-to-date refs is shown only if --porcelain or --verbose
|
|
option is used.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="dlist">
|
|
<dl>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">flag</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>A single character indicating the status of the ref:</p>
|
|
<div class="dlist">
|
|
<dl>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">(space)</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>for a successfully pushed fast-forward;</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>+</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>for a successful forced update;</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>-</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>for a successfully deleted ref;</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>*</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>for a successfully pushed new ref;</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>!</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>for a ref that was rejected or failed to push; and</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>=</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>for a ref that was up to date and did not need pushing.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">summary</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>For a successfully pushed ref, the summary shows the old and new
|
|
values of the ref in a form suitable for using as an argument to
|
|
<code>git log</code> (this is <code><old>..<new></code> in most cases, and
|
|
<code><old>...<new></code> for forced non-fast-forward updates).</p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>For a failed update, more details are given:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="openblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<div class="dlist">
|
|
<dl>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">rejected</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Git did not try to send the ref at all, typically because it
|
|
is not a fast-forward and you did not force the update.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">remote rejected</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>The remote end refused the update. Usually caused by a hook
|
|
on the remote side, or because the remote repository has one
|
|
of the following safety options in effect:
|
|
<code>receive.denyCurrentBranch</code> (for pushes to the checked out
|
|
branch), <code>receive.denyNonFastForwards</code> (for forced
|
|
non-fast-forward updates), <code>receive.denyDeletes</code> or
|
|
<code>receive.denyDeleteCurrent</code>. See <a href="git-config.html">git-config</a>(1).</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">remote failure</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>The remote end did not report the successful update of the ref,
|
|
perhaps because of a temporary error on the remote side, a
|
|
break in the network connection, or other transient error.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">from</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>The name of the local ref being pushed, minus its
|
|
<code>refs/<type>/</code> prefix. In the case of deletion, the
|
|
name of the local ref is omitted.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">to</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>The name of the remote ref being updated, minus its
|
|
<code>refs/<type>/</code> prefix.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">reason</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>A human-readable explanation. In the case of successfully pushed
|
|
refs, no explanation is needed. For a failed ref, the reason for
|
|
failure is described.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_note_about_fast_forwards">NOTE ABOUT FAST-FORWARDS</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>When an update changes a branch (or more in general, a ref) that used to
|
|
point at commit A to point at another commit B, it is called a
|
|
fast-forward update if and only if B is a descendant of A.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>In a fast-forward update from A to B, the set of commits that the original
|
|
commit A built on top of is a subset of the commits the new commit B
|
|
builds on top of. Hence, it does not lose any history.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>In contrast, a non-fast-forward update will lose history. For example,
|
|
suppose you and somebody else started at the same commit X, and you built
|
|
a history leading to commit B while the other person built a history
|
|
leading to commit A. The history looks like this:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre> B
|
|
/
|
|
---X---A</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Further suppose that the other person already pushed changes leading to A
|
|
back to the original repository from which you two obtained the original
|
|
commit X.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The push done by the other person updated the branch that used to point at
|
|
commit X to point at commit A. It is a fast-forward.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>But if you try to push, you will attempt to update the branch (that
|
|
now points at A) with commit B. This does <em>not</em> fast-forward. If you did
|
|
so, the changes introduced by commit A will be lost, because everybody
|
|
will now start building on top of B.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The command by default does not allow an update that is not a fast-forward
|
|
to prevent such loss of history.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>If you do not want to lose your work (history from X to B) or the work by
|
|
the other person (history from X to A), you would need to first fetch the
|
|
history from the repository, create a history that contains changes done
|
|
by both parties, and push the result back.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>You can perform "git pull", resolve potential conflicts, and "git push"
|
|
the result. A "git pull" will create a merge commit C between commits A
|
|
and B.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre> B---C
|
|
/ /
|
|
---X---A</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Updating A with the resulting merge commit will fast-forward and your
|
|
push will be accepted.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Alternatively, you can rebase your change between X and B on top of A,
|
|
with "git pull --rebase", and push the result back. The rebase will
|
|
create a new commit D that builds the change between X and B on top of
|
|
A.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre> B D
|
|
/ /
|
|
---X---A</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Again, updating A with this commit will fast-forward and your push will be
|
|
accepted.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>There is another common situation where you may encounter non-fast-forward
|
|
rejection when you try to push, and it is possible even when you are
|
|
pushing into a repository nobody else pushes into. After you push commit
|
|
A yourself (in the first picture in this section), replace it with "git
|
|
commit --amend" to produce commit B, and you try to push it out, because
|
|
forgot that you have pushed A out already. In such a case, and only if
|
|
you are certain that nobody in the meantime fetched your earlier commit A
|
|
(and started building on top of it), you can run "git push --force" to
|
|
overwrite it. In other words, "git push --force" is a method reserved for
|
|
a case where you do mean to lose history.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_examples">EXAMPLES</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="dlist">
|
|
<dl>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>git push</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Works like <code>git push <remote></code>, where <remote> is the
|
|
current branch’s remote (or <code>origin</code>, if no remote is
|
|
configured for the current branch).</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>git push origin</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Without additional configuration, pushes the current branch to
|
|
the configured upstream (<code>remote.origin.merge</code> configuration
|
|
variable) if it has the same name as the current branch, and
|
|
errors out without pushing otherwise.</p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The default behavior of this command when no <refspec> is given can be
|
|
configured by setting the <code>push</code> option of the remote, or the <code>push.default</code>
|
|
configuration variable.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>For example, to default to pushing only the current branch to <code>origin</code>
|
|
use <code>git config remote.origin.push HEAD</code>. Any valid <refspec> (like
|
|
the ones in the examples below) can be configured as the default for
|
|
<code>git push origin</code>.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>git push origin :</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Push "matching" branches to <code>origin</code>. See
|
|
<refspec> in the <a href="#OPTIONS">OPTIONS</a> section above for a
|
|
description of "matching" branches.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>git push origin master</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Find a ref that matches <code>master</code> in the source repository
|
|
(most likely, it would find <code>refs/heads/master</code>), and update
|
|
the same ref (e.g. <code>refs/heads/master</code>) in <code>origin</code> repository
|
|
with it. If <code>master</code> did not exist remotely, it would be
|
|
created.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>git push origin HEAD</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>A handy way to push the current branch to the same name on the
|
|
remote.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>git push mothership master:satellite/master dev:satellite/dev</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Use the source ref that matches <code>master</code> (e.g. <code>refs/heads/master</code>)
|
|
to update the ref that matches <code>satellite/master</code> (most probably
|
|
<code>refs/remotes/satellite/master</code>) in the <code>mothership</code> repository;
|
|
do the same for <code>dev</code> and <code>satellite/dev</code>.</p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>See the section describing <code><refspec>...</code> above for a discussion of
|
|
the matching semantics.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>This is to emulate <code>git fetch</code> run on the <code>mothership</code> using <code>git
|
|
push</code> that is run in the opposite direction in order to integrate
|
|
the work done on <code>satellite</code>, and is often necessary when you can
|
|
only make connection in one way (i.e. satellite can ssh into
|
|
mothership but mothership cannot initiate connection to satellite
|
|
because the latter is behind a firewall or does not run sshd).</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>After running this <code>git push</code> on the <code>satellite</code> machine, you would
|
|
ssh into the <code>mothership</code> and run <code>git merge</code> there to complete the
|
|
emulation of <code>git pull</code> that were run on <code>mothership</code> to pull changes
|
|
made on <code>satellite</code>.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>git push origin HEAD:master</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Push the current branch to the remote ref matching <code>master</code> in the
|
|
<code>origin</code> repository. This form is convenient to push the current
|
|
branch without thinking about its local name.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>git push origin master:refs/heads/experimental</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Create the branch <code>experimental</code> in the <code>origin</code> repository
|
|
by copying the current <code>master</code> branch. This form is only
|
|
needed to create a new branch or tag in the remote repository when
|
|
the local name and the remote name are different; otherwise,
|
|
the ref name on its own will work.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>git push origin :experimental</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Find a ref that matches <code>experimental</code> in the <code>origin</code> repository
|
|
(e.g. <code>refs/heads/experimental</code>), and delete it.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>git push origin +dev:master</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Update the origin repository’s master branch with the dev branch,
|
|
allowing non-fast-forward updates. <strong>This can leave unreferenced
|
|
commits dangling in the origin repository.</strong> Consider the
|
|
following situation, where a fast-forward is not possible:</p>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre> o---o---o---A---B origin/master
|
|
\
|
|
X---Y---Z dev</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The above command would change the origin repository to</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre> A---B (unnamed branch)
|
|
/
|
|
o---o---o---X---Y---Z master</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Commits A and B would no longer belong to a branch with a symbolic name,
|
|
and so would be unreachable. As such, these commits would be removed by
|
|
a <code>git gc</code> command on the origin repository.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_security">SECURITY</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The fetch and push protocols are not designed to prevent one side from
|
|
stealing data from the other repository that was not intended to be
|
|
shared. If you have private data that you need to protect from a malicious
|
|
peer, your best option is to store it in another repository. This applies
|
|
to both clients and servers. In particular, namespaces on a server are not
|
|
effective for read access control; you should only grant read access to a
|
|
namespace to clients that you would trust with read access to the entire
|
|
repository.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The known attack vectors are as follows:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="olist arabic">
|
|
<ol class="arabic">
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>The victim sends "have" lines advertising the IDs of objects it has that
|
|
are not explicitly intended to be shared but can be used to optimize the
|
|
transfer if the peer also has them. The attacker chooses an object ID X
|
|
to steal and sends a ref to X, but isn’t required to send the content of
|
|
X because the victim already has it. Now the victim believes that the
|
|
attacker has X, and it sends the content of X back to the attacker
|
|
later. (This attack is most straightforward for a client to perform on a
|
|
server, by creating a ref to X in the namespace the client has access
|
|
to and then fetching it. The most likely way for a server to perform it
|
|
on a client is to "merge" X into a public branch and hope that the user
|
|
does additional work on this branch and pushes it back to the server
|
|
without noticing the merge.)</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>As in #1, the attacker chooses an object ID X to steal. The victim sends
|
|
an object Y that the attacker already has, and the attacker falsely
|
|
claims to have X and not Y, so the victim sends Y as a delta against X.
|
|
The delta reveals regions of X that are similar to Y to the attacker.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ol>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_git">GIT</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git</a>(1) suite</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div id="footer">
|
|
<div id="footer-text">
|
|
Last updated 2019-02-26 19:31:11 UTC
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</body>
|
|
</html> |