210 lines
9.2 KiB
Mathematica
210 lines
9.2 KiB
Mathematica
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function [ResultStruct] = GaitOutcomesTrunkAccFuncIH(inputData,FS,LegLength,WindowLen,ApplyRealignment,ApplyRemoveSteps)
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% DESCRIPTON: Trunk analysis of Iphone data without the need for step detection
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% CL Nov 2019
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% Adapted IH feb-april 2020
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% koloms data of smartphone
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% 1st column is time data;
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% 2nd column is X, medio-lateral: + left, - right
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% 3rd column is Y, vertical: + downwards, - upwards
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% 4th column is Z, anterior- posterior : + forwards, - backwards
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%% Input Trunk accelerations during locomotion in VT, ML, AP direction
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% InputData: Acceleration signal with time and accelerations in VT,ML and
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% AP direction.
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% FS: sample frequency of the Accdata
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% LegLength: length of the leg of the participant in m;
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%% Output
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% ResultStruct: structure coninting all outcome measured calculated
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% Spectral parameters, spatiotemporal gait parameters, non-linear
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% parameters
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% fields and subfields: include the multiple measurements of a subject
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%% Literature
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% Richman & Moorman, 2000; [ sample entropy]
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% Bisi & Stagni Gait & Posture 2016, 47 (6) 37-42
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% Kavagnah et al., Eur J Appl Physiol 2005 94: 468?475; Human Movement Science 24(2005) 574?587 [ synchrony]
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% Moe-Nilsen J Biomech 2004 37, 121-126 [ autorcorrelation step regularity and symmetry
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% Kobsar et al. Gait & Posture 2014 39, 553?557 [ synchrony ]
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% Rispen et al; Gait & Posture 2014, 40, 187 - 192 [realignment axes]
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% Zijlstra & HofGait & Posture 2003 18,2, 1-10 [spatiotemporal gait variables]
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% Lamoth et al, 2002 [index of harmonicity]
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% Costa et al. 2003 Physica A 330 (2003) 5360 [ multiscale entropy]
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% Cignetti F, Decker LM, Stergiou N. Ann Biomed Eng. 2012
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% May;40(5):1122-30. doi: 10.1007/s10439-011-0474-3. Epub 2011 Nov 25. [
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% Wofl vs. Rosenstein Lyapunov]
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%% Settings
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Gr = 9.81; % Gravity acceleration, multiplication factor for accelerations
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StrideFreqEstimate = 1.00; % Used to set search for stride frequency from 0.5*StrideFreqEstimate until 2*StrideFreqEstimate
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StrideTimeRange = [0.2 4.0]; % Range to search for stride time (seconds)
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IgnoreMinMaxStrides = 0.10; % Number or percentage of highest&lowest values ignored for improved variability estimation
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N_Harm = 12; % Number of harmonics used for harmonic ratio, index of harmonicity and phase fluctuation
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LowFrequentPowerThresholds = ...
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[0.7 1.4]; % Threshold frequencies for estimation of low-frequent power percentages
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Lyap_m = 7; % Embedding dimension (used in Lyapunov estimations)
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Lyap_FitWinLen = round(60/100*FS); % Fitting window length (used in Lyapunov estimations Rosenstein's method)
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Sen_m = 5; % Dimension, the length of the subseries to be matched (used in sample entropy estimation)
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Sen_r = 0.3; % Tolerance, the maximum distance between two samples to qualify as match, relative to std of DataIn (used in sample entropy estimation)
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NStartEnd = [100];
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M = 5; % maximum template length
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ResultStruct = struct();
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%% Filter and Realign Accdata
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% Apply Realignment & Filter data
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if ApplyRealignment % apply relignment as described in Rispens S, Pijnappels M, van Schooten K, Beek PJ, Daffertshofer A, van Die?n JH (2014).
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data = inputData(:, [3,2,4]); % reorder data to 1 = V; 2= ML, 3 = AP%
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% Consistency of gait characteristics as determined from acceleration data collected at different trunk locations. Gait Posture 2014;40(1):187-92.
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[RealignedAcc, ~] = RealignSensorSignalHRAmp(data, FS);
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dataAcc = RealignedAcc;
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[B,A] = butter(2,20/(FS/2),'low');
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dataAcc_filt = filtfilt(B,A,dataAcc);
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else % we asume tat data is already reorderd to 1 = V; 2= ML, 3 = AP in an earlier stage;
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[B,A] = butter(2,20/(FS/2),'low');
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dataAcc = inputData;
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dataAcc_filt = filtfilt(B,A,dataAcc);
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end
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%% Step dectection
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% Determines the number of steps in the signal so that the first 30 and last 30 steps in the signal can be removed
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if ApplyRemoveSteps
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% In order to run the step detection script we first need to run an autocorrelation function;
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[ResultStruct] = AutocorrStrides(dataAcc_filt,FS, StrideTimeRange,ResultStruct);
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% StrideTimeSamples is needed as an input for the stepcountFunc;
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StrideTimeSamples = ResultStruct.StrideTimeSamples;
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% Calculate the number of steps;
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[PksAndLocsCorrected] = StepcountFunc(dataAcc_filt,StrideTimeSamples,FS);
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% This function selects steps based on negative and positive values.
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% However to determine the steps correctly we only need one of these;
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LocsSteps = PksAndLocsCorrected(1:2:end,2);
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%% Cut data & remove currents results
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% Remove 20 steps in the beginning and end of data
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dataAccCut = dataAcc(LocsSteps(31):LocsSteps(end-30),:);
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dataAccCut_filt = dataAcc_filt(LocsSteps(31):LocsSteps(end-30),:);
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% Clear currently saved results from Autocorrelation Analysis
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clear ResultStruct;
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clear PksAndLocsCorrected;
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clear LocsSteps;
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else;
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dataAccCut = dataAcc;
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dataAccCut_filt = dataAcc_filt;
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end
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%% Calculate stride parameters
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ResultStruct = struct; % create empty struct
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% Run function AutoCorrStrides, Outcomeparameters: StrideRegularity,RelativeStrideVariability,StrideTimeSamples,StrideTime
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[ResultStruct] = AutocorrStrides(dataAccCut_filt,FS, StrideTimeRange,ResultStruct);
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StrideTimeSamples = ResultStruct.StrideTimeSamples; % needed as input for other functions
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% Calculate Step symmetry --> method 1
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ij = 1;
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dirSymm = [1,3]; % Gait Synmmetry is only informative in AP/V direction: See Tura A, Raggi M, Rocchi L, Cutti AG, Chiari L: Gait symmetry and regularity in transfemoral amputees assessed by trunk accelerations. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2010, 7:4.
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for jk=1:length(dirSymm)
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[C, lags] = AutocorrRegSymmSteps(dataAccCut_filt(:,dirSymm(jk)));
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[Ad,p] = findpeaks(C,'MinPeakProminence',0.2, 'MinPeakHeight', 0.2);
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if size(Ad,1) > 1
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Ad1 = Ad(1);
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Ad2 = Ad(2);
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GaitSymm(:,ij) = abs((Ad1-Ad2)/mean([Ad1+Ad2]))*100;
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else
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GaitSymm(:,ij) = NaN;
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end
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ij = ij +1;
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end
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% Save outcome in struct;
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ResultStruct.GaitSymm_V = GaitSymm(1);
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ResultStruct.GaitSymm_AP = GaitSymm(2);
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% Calculate Step symmetry --> method 2
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[PksAndLocsCorrected] = StepcountFunc(dataAccCut_filt,StrideTimeSamples,FS);
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LocsSteps = PksAndLocsCorrected(2:2:end,2);
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if rem(size(LocsSteps,1),2) == 0; % is number of steps is even
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LocsSteps2 = LocsSteps(1:2:end);
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else
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LocsSteps2 = LocsSteps(3:2:end);
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end
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LocsSteps1 = LocsSteps(2:2:end);
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DiffLocs2 = diff(LocsSteps2);
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DiffLocs1 = diff(LocsSteps1);
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StepTime2 = DiffLocs2(1:end-1)/FS; % leave last one out because it is higher
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StepTime1 = DiffLocs1(1:end-1)/FS;
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SI = abs((2*(StepTime2-StepTime1))./(StepTime2+StepTime1))*100;
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ResultStruct.GaitSymmIndex = nanmean(SI);
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%% Calculate spatiotemporal stride parameters
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% Measures from height variation by double integration of VT accelerations and high-pass filtering
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[ResultStruct] = SpatioTemporalGaitParameters(dataAccCut_filt,StrideTimeSamples,ApplyRealignment,LegLength,FS,IgnoreMinMaxStrides,ResultStruct);
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%% Measures derived from spectral analysis
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AccVectorLen = sqrt(sum(dataAccCut_filt(:,1:3).^2,2));
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[ResultStruct] = SpectralAnalysisGaitfunc(dataAccCut_filt,WindowLen,FS,N_Harm,LowFrequentPowerThresholds,AccVectorLen,ResultStruct);
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%% Calculation non-linear parameters;
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% cut into windows of size WindowLen
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N_Windows = floor(size(dataAccCut,1)/WindowLen);
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N_SkipBegin = ceil((size(dataAccCut,1)-N_Windows*WindowLen)/2);
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LyapunovWolf = nan(N_Windows,3);
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LyapunovRosen = nan(N_Windows,3);
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SE= nan(N_Windows,3);
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for WinNr = 1:N_Windows;
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AccWin = dataAccCut(N_SkipBegin+(WinNr-1)*WindowLen+(1:WindowLen),:);
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for j=1:3
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[LyapunovWolf(WinNr,j),~] = CalcMaxLyapWolfFixedEvolv(AccWin(:,j),FS,struct('m',Lyap_m));
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[LyapunovRosen(WinNr,j),outpo] = CalcMaxLyapConvGait(AccWin(:,j),FS,struct('m',Lyap_m,'FitWinLen',Lyap_FitWinLen));
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[SE(WinNr,j)] = funcSampleEntropy(AccWin(:,j), Sen_m, Sen_r);
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% no correction for FS; SE does increase with higher FS but effect is considered negligible as range is small (98-104HZ). Might consider updating r to account for larger ranges.
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end
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end
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LyapunovWolf = nanmean(LyapunovWolf,1);
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LyapunovRosen = nanmean(LyapunovRosen,1);
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SampleEntropy = nanmean(SE,1);
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ResultStruct.LyapunovWolf_V = LyapunovWolf(1);
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ResultStruct.LyapunovWolf_ML = LyapunovWolf(2);
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ResultStruct.LyapunovWolf_AP = LyapunovWolf(3);
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ResultStruct.LyapunovRosen_V = LyapunovRosen(1);
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ResultStruct.LyapunovRosen_ML = LyapunovRosen(2);
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ResultStruct.LyapunovRosen_AP = LyapunovRosen(3);
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ResultStruct.SampleEntropy_V = SampleEntropy(1);
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ResultStruct.SampleEntropy_ML = SampleEntropy(2);
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ResultStruct.SampleEntropy_AP = SampleEntropy(3);
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if isfield(ResultStruct,'StrideFrequency')
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LyapunovPerStrideWolf = LyapunovWolf/ResultStruct.StrideFrequency;
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LyapunovPerStrideRosen = LyapunovRosen/ResultStruct.StrideFrequency;
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end
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ResultStruct.LyapunovPerStrideWolf_V = LyapunovPerStrideWolf(1);
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ResultStruct.LyapunovPerStrideWolf_ML = LyapunovPerStrideWolf(2);
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ResultStruct.LyapunovPerStrideWolf_AP = LyapunovPerStrideWolf(3);
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ResultStruct.LyapunovPerStrideRosen_V = LyapunovPerStrideRosen(1);
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ResultStruct.LyapunovPerStrideRosen_ML = LyapunovPerStrideRosen(2);
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ResultStruct.LyapunovPerStrideRosen_AP = LyapunovPerStrideRosen(3);
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end
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