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(v1.4.0) matching score update

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dr. M.S. (Matthijs) Berends 2020-10-08 11:16:03 +02:00
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.github/workflows/check.yaml vendored
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# ==================================================================== #
# TITLE #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis for R #
# #
# SOURCE #
# https://github.com/msberends/AMR #
# #
# LICENCE #
# (c) 2018-2020 Berends MS, Luz CF et al. #
# Developed at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, in #
# collaboration with non-profit organisations Certe Medical #
# Diagnostics & Advice, and University Medical Center Groningen. #
# #
# This R package is free software; you can freely use and distribute #
# it for both personal and commercial purposes under the terms of the #
# GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GNU GPL-2), as published by #
# the Free Software Foundation. #
# #
# We created this package for both routine data analysis and academic #
# research and it was publicly released in the hope that it will be #
# useful, but it comes WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OR LIABILITY. #
# Visit our website for more info: https://msberends.github.io/AMR. #
# #
# Visit our website for the full manual and a complete tutorial about #
# how to conduct AMR analysis: https://msberends.github.io/AMR/ #
# ==================================================================== #
on:

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.github/workflows/codecovr.yaml vendored
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# ==================================================================== #
# TITLE #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis for R #
# #
# SOURCE #
# https://github.com/msberends/AMR #
# #
# LICENCE #
# (c) 2018-2020 Berends MS, Luz CF et al. #
# Developed at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, in #
# collaboration with non-profit organisations Certe Medical #
# Diagnostics & Advice, and University Medical Center Groningen. #
# #
# This R package is free software; you can freely use and distribute #
# it for both personal and commercial purposes under the terms of the #
# GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GNU GPL-2), as published by #
# the Free Software Foundation. #
# #
# We created this package for both routine data analysis and academic #
# research and it was publicly released in the hope that it will be #
# useful, but it comes WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OR LIABILITY. #
# Visit our website for more info: https://msberends.github.io/AMR. #
# #
# Visit our website for the full manual and a complete tutorial about #
# how to conduct AMR analysis: https://msberends.github.io/AMR/ #
# ==================================================================== #
on:

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.github/workflows/lintr.yaml vendored
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@ -1,22 +1,26 @@
# ==================================================================== #
# TITLE #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis for R #
# #
# SOURCE #
# https://github.com/msberends/AMR #
# #
# LICENCE #
# (c) 2018-2020 Berends MS, Luz CF et al. #
# Developed at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, in #
# collaboration with non-profit organisations Certe Medical #
# Diagnostics & Advice, and University Medical Center Groningen. #
# #
# This R package is free software; you can freely use and distribute #
# it for both personal and commercial purposes under the terms of the #
# GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GNU GPL-2), as published by #
# the Free Software Foundation. #
# #
# the Free Software Foundation.
# We created this package for both routine data analysis and academic #
# research and it was publicly released in the hope that it will be #
# useful, but it comes WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OR LIABILITY. #
# Visit our website for more info: https://msberends.github.io/AMR. #
# #
# Visit our website for the full manual and a complete tutorial about #
# how to conduct AMR analysis: https://msberends.github.io/AMR/ #
# ==================================================================== #
on:

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.gitignore vendored
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@ -24,3 +24,4 @@ data-raw/taxa.txt
data-raw/taxon.tab
data-raw/DSMZ_bactnames.xlsx
data-raw/country_analysis_url_token.R
data-raw/country_analysis2.R

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DESCRIPTION
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@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
Package: AMR
Version: 1.3.0.9039
Date: 2020-10-04
Version: 1.4.0
Date: 2020-10-08
Title: Antimicrobial Resistance Analysis
Authors@R: c(
person(role = c("aut", "cre"),
@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ Suggests:
tidyr,
xml2
VignetteBuilder: knitr,rmarkdown
URL: https://msberends.github.io/AMR, https://github.com/msberends/AMR
URL: https://msberends.github.io/AMR/, https://github.com/msberends/AMR
BugReports: https://github.com/msberends/AMR/issues
License: GPL-2 | file LICENSE
Encoding: UTF-8

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NEWS.md
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# AMR 1.3.0.9039
## <small>Last updated: 4 October 2020</small>
# AMR 1.4.0
Note: some changes in this version were suggested by anonymous reviewers from the journal we submitted our manuscipt about this package to. We are those reviewers very grateful for going through our code so thoroughly!
@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ Note: some changes in this version were suggested by anonymous reviewers from th
This software is now out of beta and considered stable. Nonetheless, this package will be developed continually.
### New
* Support for the newest [EUCAST Clinical Breakpoint Tables v.10.0](http://www.eucast.org/clinical_breakpoints/), valid from 1 January 2020. This affects translation of MIC and disk zones using `as.rsi()` and inferred resistance and susceptibility using `eucast_rules()`.
* Support for the newest [EUCAST Clinical Breakpoint Tables v.10.0](https://www.eucast.org/clinical_breakpoints/), valid from 1 January 2020. This affects translation of MIC and disk zones using `as.rsi()` and inferred resistance and susceptibility using `eucast_rules()`.
* The repository of this package now contains a clean version of the EUCAST and CLSI guidelines from 2011-2020 to translate MIC and disk diffusion values to R/SI: <https://github.com/msberends/AMR/blob/master/data-raw/rsi_translation.txt>. This **allows for machine reading these guidelines**, which is almost impossible with the Excel and PDF files distributed by EUCAST and CLSI. This file used to process the EUCAST Clinical Breakpoints Excel file [can be found here](https://github.com/msberends/AMR/blob/master/data-raw/read_EUCAST.R).
* Support for LOINC and SNOMED codes
* Support for LOINC codes in the `antibiotics` data set. Use `ab_loinc()` to retrieve LOINC codes, or use a LOINC code for input in any `ab_*` function:
@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ This software is now out of beta and considered stable. Nonetheless, this packag
# AMR 0.9.0
### Breaking
* Adopted Adeolu *et al.* (2016), [PMID 27620848](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27620848) for the `microorganisms` data set, which means that the new order Enterobacterales now consists of a part of the existing family Enterobacteriaceae, but that this family has been split into other families as well (like *Morganellaceae* and *Yersiniaceae*). Although published in 2016, this information is not yet in the Catalogue of Life version of 2019. All MDRO determinations with `mdro()` will now use the Enterobacterales order for all guidelines before 2016 that were dependent on the Enterobacteriaceae family.
* Adopted Adeolu *et al.* (2016), [PMID 27620848](https:/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27620848/) for the `microorganisms` data set, which means that the new order Enterobacterales now consists of a part of the existing family Enterobacteriaceae, but that this family has been split into other families as well (like *Morganellaceae* and *Yersiniaceae*). Although published in 2016, this information is not yet in the Catalogue of Life version of 2019. All MDRO determinations with `mdro()` will now use the Enterobacterales order for all guidelines before 2016 that were dependent on the Enterobacteriaceae family.
* If you were dependent on the old Enterobacteriaceae family e.g. by using in your code:
```r
if (mo_family(somebugs) == "Enterobacteriaceae") ...
@ -591,7 +591,7 @@ We've got a new website: [https://msberends.gitlab.io/AMR](https://msberends.git
* Due to this change, some `mo` codes changed (e.g. *Streptococcus* changed from `B_STRPTC` to `B_STRPT`). A translation table is used internally to support older microorganism IDs, so users will not notice this difference.
* New function `mo_rank()` for the taxonomic rank (genus, species, infraspecies, etc.)
* New function `mo_url()` to get the direct URL of a species from the Catalogue of Life
* Support for data from [WHONET](https://whonet.org/) and [EARS-Net](https://ecdc.europa.eu/en/about-us/partnerships-and-networks/disease-and-laboratory-networks/ears-net) (European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network):
* Support for data from [WHONET](https://whonet.org/) and [EARS-Net](https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/about-us/partnerships-and-networks/disease-and-laboratory-networks/ears-net) (European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network):
* Exported files from WHONET can be read and used in this package. For functions like `first_isolate()` and `eucast_rules()`, all parameters will be filled in automatically.
* This package now knows all antibiotic abbrevations by EARS-Net (which are also being used by WHONET) - the `antibiotics` data set now contains a column `ears_net`.
* The function `as.mo()` now knows all WHONET species abbreviations too, because almost 2,000 microbial abbreviations were added to the `microorganisms.codes` data set.
@ -660,7 +660,7 @@ We've got a new website: [https://msberends.gitlab.io/AMR](https://msberends.git
#### Changed
* Function `eucast_rules()`:
* Updated EUCAST Clinical breakpoints to [version 9.0 of 1 January 2019](http://www.eucast.org/clinical_breakpoints/), the data set `septic_patients` now reflects these changes
* Updated EUCAST Clinical breakpoints to [version 9.0 of 1 January 2019](https://www.eucast.org/clinical_breakpoints/), the data set `septic_patients` now reflects these changes
* Fixed a critical bug where some rules that depend on previous applied rules would not be applied adequately
* Emphasised in manual that penicillin is meant as benzylpenicillin (ATC [J01CE01](https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01CE01))
* New info is returned when running this function, stating exactly what has been changed or added. Use `eucast_rules(..., verbose = TRUE)` to get a data set with all changed per bug and drug combination.
@ -776,7 +776,7 @@ We've got a new website: [https://msberends.gitlab.io/AMR](https://msberends.git
* Functions `MDRO`, `BRMO`, `MRGN` and `EUCAST_exceptional_phenotypes` were renamed to `mdro`, `brmo`, `mrgn` and `eucast_exceptional_phenotypes`
* `EUCAST_rules` was renamed to `eucast_rules`, the old function still exists as a deprecated function
* Big changes to the `eucast_rules` function:
* Now also applies rules from the EUCAST 'Breakpoint tables for bacteria', version 8.1, 2018, http://www.eucast.org/clinical_breakpoints/ (see Source of the function)
* Now also applies rules from the EUCAST 'Breakpoint tables for bacteria', version 8.1, 2018, https://www.eucast.org/clinical_breakpoints/ (see Source of the function)
* New parameter `rules` to specify which rules should be applied (expert rules, breakpoints, others or all)
* New parameter `verbose` which can be set to `TRUE` to get very specific messages about which columns and rows were affected
* Better error handling when rules cannot be applied (i.e. new values could not be inserted)
@ -1036,7 +1036,7 @@ We've got a new website: [https://msberends.gitlab.io/AMR](https://msberends.git
* Function `guess_atc` to **determine the ATC** of an antibiotic based on name, trade name, or known abbreviations
* Function `freq` to create **frequency tables**, with additional info in a header
* Function `MDRO` to **determine Multi Drug Resistant Organisms (MDRO)** with support for country-specific guidelines.
* [Exceptional resistances defined by EUCAST](http://www.eucast.org/expert_rules_and_intrinsic_resistance) are also supported instead of countries alone
* [Exceptional resistances defined by EUCAST](https://www.eucast.org/expert_rules_and_intrinsic_resistance/) are also supported instead of countries alone
* Functions `BRMO` and `MRGN` are wrappers for Dutch and German guidelines, respectively
* New algorithm to determine weighted isolates, can now be `"points"` or `"keyantibiotics"`, see `?first_isolate`
* New print format for `tibble`s and `data.table`s

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R/aa_helper_functions.R
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@ -1,22 +1,26 @@
# ==================================================================== #
# TITLE #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis for R #
# #
# SOURCE #
# https://github.com/msberends/AMR #
# #
# LICENCE #
# (c) 2018-2020 Berends MS, Luz CF et al. #
# Developed at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, in #
# collaboration with non-profit organisations Certe Medical #
# Diagnostics & Advice, and University Medical Center Groningen. #
# #
# This R package is free software; you can freely use and distribute #
# it for both personal and commercial purposes under the terms of the #
# GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GNU GPL-2), as published by #
# the Free Software Foundation. #
# #
# We created this package for both routine data analysis and academic #
# research and it was publicly released in the hope that it will be #
# useful, but it comes WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OR LIABILITY. #
# Visit our website for more info: https://msberends.github.io/AMR. #
# #
# Visit our website for the full manual and a complete tutorial about #
# how to conduct AMR analysis: https://msberends.github.io/AMR/ #
# ==================================================================== #
# faster implementation of left_join than using merge() by poorman - we use match():
@ -638,3 +642,6 @@ str2lang <- function(s) {
stopifnot(length(ex) == 1L)
ex[[1L]]
}
isNamespaceLoaded <- function(pkg) {
pkg %in% loadedNamespaces()
}

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R/aa_helper_pm_functions.R
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@ -1,22 +1,26 @@
# ==================================================================== #
# TITLE #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis for R #
# #
# SOURCE #
# https://github.com/msberends/AMR #
# #
# LICENCE #
# (c) 2018-2020 Berends MS, Luz CF et al. #
# Developed at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, in #
# collaboration with non-profit organisations Certe Medical #
# Diagnostics & Advice, and University Medical Center Groningen. #
# #
# This R package is free software; you can freely use and distribute #
# it for both personal and commercial purposes under the terms of the #
# GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GNU GPL-2), as published by #
# the Free Software Foundation. #
# #
# We created this package for both routine data analysis and academic #
# research and it was publicly released in the hope that it will be #
# useful, but it comes WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OR LIABILITY. #
# Visit our website for more info: https://msberends.github.io/AMR. #
# #
# Visit our website for the full manual and a complete tutorial about #
# how to conduct AMR analysis: https://msberends.github.io/AMR/ #
# ==================================================================== #
# ------------------------------------------------

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R/ab.R
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@ -1,22 +1,26 @@
# ==================================================================== #
# TITLE #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis for R #
# #
# SOURCE #
# https://github.com/msberends/AMR #
# #
# LICENCE #
# (c) 2018-2020 Berends MS, Luz CF et al. #
# Developed at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, in #
# collaboration with non-profit organisations Certe Medical #
# Diagnostics & Advice, and University Medical Center Groningen. #
# #
# This R package is free software; you can freely use and distribute #
# it for both personal and commercial purposes under the terms of the #
# GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GNU GPL-2), as published by #
# the Free Software Foundation. #
# #
# We created this package for both routine data analysis and academic #
# research and it was publicly released in the hope that it will be #
# useful, but it comes WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OR LIABILITY. #
# Visit our website for more info: https://msberends.github.io/AMR. #
# #
# Visit our website for the full manual and a complete tutorial about #
# how to conduct AMR analysis: https://msberends.github.io/AMR/ #
# ==================================================================== #
#' Transform input to an antibiotic ID

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R/ab_class_selectors.R
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# ==================================================================== #
# TITLE #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis for R #
# #
# SOURCE #
# https://github.com/msberends/AMR #
# #
# LICENCE #
# (c) 2018-2020 Berends MS, Luz CF et al. #
# Developed at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, in #
# collaboration with non-profit organisations Certe Medical #
# Diagnostics & Advice, and University Medical Center Groningen. #
# #
# This R package is free software; you can freely use and distribute #
# it for both personal and commercial purposes under the terms of the #
# GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GNU GPL-2), as published by #
# the Free Software Foundation. #
# #
# We created this package for both routine data analysis and academic #
# research and it was publicly released in the hope that it will be #
# useful, but it comes WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OR LIABILITY. #
# Visit our website for more info: https://msberends.github.io/AMR. #
# #
# Visit our website for the full manual and a complete tutorial about #
# how to conduct AMR analysis: https://msberends.github.io/AMR/ #
# ==================================================================== #
#' Antibiotic class selectors

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R/ab_from_text.R
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@ -1,22 +1,26 @@
# ==================================================================== #
# TITLE #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis for R #
# #
# SOURCE #
# https://github.com/msberends/AMR #
# #
# LICENCE #
# (c) 2018-2020 Berends MS, Luz CF et al. #
# Developed at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, in #
# collaboration with non-profit organisations Certe Medical #
# Diagnostics & Advice, and University Medical Center Groningen. #
# #
# This R package is free software; you can freely use and distribute #
# it for both personal and commercial purposes under the terms of the #
# GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GNU GPL-2), as published by #
# the Free Software Foundation. #
# #
# We created this package for both routine data analysis and academic #
# research and it was publicly released in the hope that it will be #
# useful, but it comes WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OR LIABILITY. #
# Visit our website for more info: https://msberends.github.io/AMR. #
# #
# Visit our website for the full manual and a complete tutorial about #
# how to conduct AMR analysis: https://msberends.github.io/AMR/ #
# ==================================================================== #
#' Retrieve antimicrobial drug names and doses from clinical text

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R/ab_property.R
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@ -1,22 +1,26 @@
# ==================================================================== #
# TITLE #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis for R #
# #
# SOURCE #
# https://github.com/msberends/AMR #
# #
# LICENCE #
# (c) 2018-2020 Berends MS, Luz CF et al. #
# Developed at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, in #
# collaboration with non-profit organisations Certe Medical #
# Diagnostics & Advice, and University Medical Center Groningen. #
# #
# This R package is free software; you can freely use and distribute #
# it for both personal and commercial purposes under the terms of the #
# GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GNU GPL-2), as published by #
# the Free Software Foundation. #
# #
# We created this package for both routine data analysis and academic #
# research and it was publicly released in the hope that it will be #
# useful, but it comes WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OR LIABILITY. #
# Visit our website for more info: https://msberends.github.io/AMR. #
# #
# Visit our website for the full manual and a complete tutorial about #
# how to conduct AMR analysis: https://msberends.github.io/AMR/ #
# ==================================================================== #
#' Get properties of an antibiotic

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R/age.R
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@ -1,22 +1,26 @@
# ==================================================================== #
# TITLE #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis for R #
# #
# SOURCE #
# https://github.com/msberends/AMR #
# #
# LICENCE #
# (c) 2018-2020 Berends MS, Luz CF et al. #
# Developed at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, in #
# collaboration with non-profit organisations Certe Medical #
# Diagnostics & Advice, and University Medical Center Groningen. #
# #
# This R package is free software; you can freely use and distribute #
# it for both personal and commercial purposes under the terms of the #
# GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GNU GPL-2), as published by #
# the Free Software Foundation. #
# #
# We created this package for both routine data analysis and academic #
# research and it was publicly released in the hope that it will be #
# useful, but it comes WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OR LIABILITY. #
# Visit our website for more info: https://msberends.github.io/AMR. #
# #
# Visit our website for the full manual and a complete tutorial about #
# how to conduct AMR analysis: https://msberends.github.io/AMR/ #
# ==================================================================== #
#' Age in years of individuals

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R/amr.R
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@ -1,22 +1,26 @@
# ==================================================================== #
# TITLE #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis for R #
# #
# SOURCE #
# https://github.com/msberends/AMR #
# #
# LICENCE #
# (c) 2018-2020 Berends MS, Luz CF et al. #
# Developed at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, in #
# collaboration with non-profit organisations Certe Medical #
# Diagnostics & Advice, and University Medical Center Groningen. #
# #
# This R package is free software; you can freely use and distribute #
# it for both personal and commercial purposes under the terms of the #
# GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GNU GPL-2), as published by #
# the Free Software Foundation. #
# #
# We created this package for both routine data analysis and academic #
# research and it was publicly released in the hope that it will be #
# useful, but it comes WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OR LIABILITY. #
# Visit our website for more info: https://msberends.github.io/AMR. #
# #
# Visit our website for the full manual and a complete tutorial about #
# how to conduct AMR analysis: https://msberends.github.io/AMR/ #
# ==================================================================== #
#' The `AMR` Package
@ -50,7 +54,7 @@
#' @section Reference data publicly available:
#' All reference data sets (about microorganisms, antibiotics, R/SI interpretation, EUCAST rules, etc.) in this `AMR` package are publicly and freely available. We continually export our data sets to formats for use in R, SPSS, SAS, Stata and Excel. We also supply flat files that are machine-readable and suitable for input in any software program, such as laboratory information systems. Please find [all download links on our website](https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/datasets.html), which is automatically updated with every code change.
#' @section Read more on our website!:
#' On our website <https://msberends.github.io/AMR> you can find [a comprehensive tutorial](https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/AMR.html) about how to conduct AMR analysis, the [complete documentation of all functions](https://msberends.github.io/AMR/reference) (which reads a lot easier than here in R) and [an example analysis using WHONET data](https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/WHONET.html). As we would like to better understand the backgrounds and needs of our users, please [participate in our survey](https://msberends.github.io/AMR/survey.html)!
#' On our website <https://msberends.github.io/AMR/> you can find [a comprehensive tutorial](https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/AMR.html) about how to conduct AMR analysis, the [complete documentation of all functions](https://msberends.github.io/AMR/reference/) and [an example analysis using WHONET data](https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/WHONET.html). As we would like to better understand the backgrounds and needs of our users, please [participate in our survey](https://msberends.github.io/AMR/survey.html)!
#' @section Contact Us:
#' For suggestions, comments or questions, please contact us at:
#'

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R/atc_online.R
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@ -1,22 +1,26 @@
# ==================================================================== #
# TITLE #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis for R #
# #
# SOURCE #
# https://github.com/msberends/AMR #
# #
# LICENCE #
# (c) 2018-2020 Berends MS, Luz CF et al. #
# Developed at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, in #
# collaboration with non-profit organisations Certe Medical #
# Diagnostics & Advice, and University Medical Center Groningen. #
# #
# This R package is free software; you can freely use and distribute #
# it for both personal and commercial purposes under the terms of the #
# GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GNU GPL-2), as published by #
# the Free Software Foundation. #
# #
# We created this package for both routine data analysis and academic #
# research and it was publicly released in the hope that it will be #
# useful, but it comes WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OR LIABILITY. #
# Visit our website for more info: https://msberends.github.io/AMR. #
# #
# Visit our website for the full manual and a complete tutorial about #
# how to conduct AMR analysis: https://msberends.github.io/AMR/ #
# ==================================================================== #
#' Get ATC properties from WHOCC website

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R/availability.R
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@ -1,22 +1,26 @@
# ==================================================================== #
# TITLE #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis for R #
# #
# SOURCE #
# https://github.com/msberends/AMR #
# #
# LICENCE #
# (c) 2018-2020 Berends MS, Luz CF et al. #
# Developed at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, in #
# collaboration with non-profit organisations Certe Medical #
# Diagnostics & Advice, and University Medical Center Groningen. #
# #
# This R package is free software; you can freely use and distribute #
# it for both personal and commercial purposes under the terms of the #
# GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GNU GPL-2), as published by #
# the Free Software Foundation. #
# #
# We created this package for both routine data analysis and academic #
# research and it was publicly released in the hope that it will be #
# useful, but it comes WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OR LIABILITY. #
# Visit our website for more info: https://msberends.github.io/AMR. #
# #
# Visit our website for the full manual and a complete tutorial about #
# how to conduct AMR analysis: https://msberends.github.io/AMR/ #
# ==================================================================== #
#' Check availability of columns

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R/bug_drug_combinations.R
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@ -1,22 +1,26 @@
# ==================================================================== #
# TITLE #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis for R #
# #
# SOURCE #
# https://github.com/msberends/AMR #
# #
# LICENCE #
# (c) 2018-2020 Berends MS, Luz CF et al. #
# Developed at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, in #
# collaboration with non-profit organisations Certe Medical #
# Diagnostics & Advice, and University Medical Center Groningen. #
# #
# This R package is free software; you can freely use and distribute #
# it for both personal and commercial purposes under the terms of the #
# GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GNU GPL-2), as published by #
# the Free Software Foundation. #
# #
# We created this package for both routine data analysis and academic #
# research and it was publicly released in the hope that it will be #
# useful, but it comes WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OR LIABILITY. #
# Visit our website for more info: https://msberends.github.io/AMR. #
# #
# Visit our website for the full manual and a complete tutorial about #
# how to conduct AMR analysis: https://msberends.github.io/AMR/ #
# ==================================================================== #
#' Determine bug-drug combinations

10
R/catalogue_of_life.R
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@ -1,22 +1,26 @@
# ==================================================================== #
# TITLE #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis for R #
# #
# SOURCE #
# https://github.com/msberends/AMR #
# #
# LICENCE #
# (c) 2018-2020 Berends MS, Luz CF et al. #
# Developed at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, in #
# collaboration with non-profit organisations Certe Medical #
# Diagnostics & Advice, and University Medical Center Groningen. #
# #
# This R package is free software; you can freely use and distribute #
# it for both personal and commercial purposes under the terms of the #
# GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GNU GPL-2), as published by #
# the Free Software Foundation. #
# #
# We created this package for both routine data analysis and academic #
# research and it was publicly released in the hope that it will be #
# useful, but it comes WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OR LIABILITY. #
# Visit our website for more info: https://msberends.github.io/AMR. #
# #
# Visit our website for the full manual and a complete tutorial about #
# how to conduct AMR analysis: https://msberends.github.io/AMR/ #
# ==================================================================== #
#' The Catalogue of Life

10
R/count.R
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@ -1,22 +1,26 @@
# ==================================================================== #
# TITLE #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis for R #
# #
# SOURCE #
# https://github.com/msberends/AMR #
# #
# LICENCE #
# (c) 2018-2020 Berends MS, Luz CF et al. #
# Developed at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, in #
# collaboration with non-profit organisations Certe Medical #
# Diagnostics & Advice, and University Medical Center Groningen. #
# #
# This R package is free software; you can freely use and distribute #
# it for both personal and commercial purposes under the terms of the #
# GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GNU GPL-2), as published by #
# the Free Software Foundation. #
# #
# We created this package for both routine data analysis and academic #
# research and it was publicly released in the hope that it will be #
# useful, but it comes WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OR LIABILITY. #
# Visit our website for more info: https://msberends.github.io/AMR. #
# #
# Visit our website for the full manual and a complete tutorial about #
# how to conduct AMR analysis: https://msberends.github.io/AMR/ #
# ==================================================================== #
#' Count available isolates

12
R/data.R
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@ -1,22 +1,26 @@
# ==================================================================== #
# TITLE #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis for R #
# #
# SOURCE #
# https://github.com/msberends/AMR #
# #
# LICENCE #
# (c) 2018-2020 Berends MS, Luz CF et al. #
# Developed at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, in #
# collaboration with non-profit organisations Certe Medical #
# Diagnostics & Advice, and University Medical Center Groningen. #
# #
# This R package is free software; you can freely use and distribute #
# it for both personal and commercial purposes under the terms of the #
# GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GNU GPL-2), as published by #
# the Free Software Foundation. #
# #
# We created this package for both routine data analysis and academic #
# research and it was publicly released in the hope that it will be #
# useful, but it comes WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OR LIABILITY. #
# Visit our website for more info: https://msberends.github.io/AMR. #
# #
# Visit our website for the full manual and a complete tutorial about #
# how to conduct AMR analysis: https://msberends.github.io/AMR/ #
# ==================================================================== #
#' Data sets with `r format(nrow(antibiotics) + nrow(antivirals), big.mark = ",")` antimicrobials
@ -111,7 +115,7 @@
#' * <https://github.com/msberends/AMR/raw/master/data/microorganisms.rda>
#' @section About the records from DSMZ (see source):
#' Names of prokaryotes are defined as being validly published by the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria. Validly published are all names which are included in the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names and the names subsequently published in the International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology (IJSB) and, from January 2000, in the International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (IJSEM) as original articles or in the validation lists.
#' *(from <https://www.dsmz.de/services/online-tools/prokaryotic-nomenclature-up-to-date/complete-list-readme>)*
#' *(from <https://www.dsmz.de/services/online-tools/prokaryotic-nomenclature-up-to-date>)*
#'
#' In February 2020, the DSMZ records were merged with the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN).
#' @source Catalogue of Life: Annual Checklist (public online taxonomic database), <http://www.catalogueoflife.org> (check included annual version with [catalogue_of_life_version()]).

10
R/deprecated.R
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@ -1,22 +1,26 @@
# ==================================================================== #
# TITLE #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis for R #
# #
# SOURCE #
# https://github.com/msberends/AMR #
# #
# LICENCE #
# (c) 2018-2020 Berends MS, Luz CF et al. #
# Developed at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, in #
# collaboration with non-profit organisations Certe Medical #
# Diagnostics & Advice, and University Medical Center Groningen. #
# #
# This R package is free software; you can freely use and distribute #
# it for both personal and commercial purposes under the terms of the #
# GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GNU GPL-2), as published by #
# the Free Software Foundation. #
# #
# We created this package for both routine data analysis and academic #
# research and it was publicly released in the hope that it will be #
# useful, but it comes WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OR LIABILITY. #
# Visit our website for more info: https://msberends.github.io/AMR. #
# #
# Visit our website for the full manual and a complete tutorial about #
# how to conduct AMR analysis: https://msberends.github.io/AMR/ #
# ==================================================================== #
#' Deprecated functions

10
R/disk.R
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@ -1,22 +1,26 @@
# ==================================================================== #
# TITLE #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis for R #
# #
# SOURCE #
# https://github.com/msberends/AMR #
# #
# LICENCE #
# (c) 2018-2020 Berends MS, Luz CF et al. #
# Developed at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, in #
# collaboration with non-profit organisations Certe Medical #
# Diagnostics & Advice, and University Medical Center Groningen. #
# #
# This R package is free software; you can freely use and distribute #
# it for both personal and commercial purposes under the terms of the #
# GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GNU GPL-2), as published by #
# the Free Software Foundation. #
# #
# We created this package for both routine data analysis and academic #
# research and it was publicly released in the hope that it will be #
# useful, but it comes WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OR LIABILITY. #
# Visit our website for more info: https://msberends.github.io/AMR. #
# #
# Visit our website for the full manual and a complete tutorial about #
# how to conduct AMR analysis: https://msberends.github.io/AMR/ #
# ==================================================================== #
#' Transform input to disk diffusion diameters

10
R/eucast_rules.R
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@ -1,22 +1,26 @@
# ==================================================================== #
# TITLE #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis for R #
# #
# SOURCE #
# https://github.com/msberends/AMR #
# #
# LICENCE #
# (c) 2018-2020 Berends MS, Luz CF et al. #
# Developed at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, in #
# collaboration with non-profit organisations Certe Medical #
# Diagnostics & Advice, and University Medical Center Groningen. #
# #
# This R package is free software; you can freely use and distribute #
# it for both personal and commercial purposes under the terms of the #
# GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GNU GPL-2), as published by #
# the Free Software Foundation. #
# #
# We created this package for both routine data analysis and academic #
# research and it was publicly released in the hope that it will be #
# useful, but it comes WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OR LIABILITY. #
# Visit our website for more info: https://msberends.github.io/AMR. #
# #
# Visit our website for the full manual and a complete tutorial about #
# how to conduct AMR analysis: https://msberends.github.io/AMR/ #
# ==================================================================== #
# add new version numbers here, and add the rules themselves to "data-raw/eucast_rules.tsv"

10
R/filter_ab_class.R
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@ -1,22 +1,26 @@
# ==================================================================== #
# TITLE #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis for R #
# #
# SOURCE #
# https://github.com/msberends/AMR #
# #
# LICENCE #
# (c) 2018-2020 Berends MS, Luz CF et al. #
# Developed at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, in #
# collaboration with non-profit organisations Certe Medical #
# Diagnostics & Advice, and University Medical Center Groningen. #
# #
# This R package is free software; you can freely use and distribute #
# it for both personal and commercial purposes under the terms of the #
# GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GNU GPL-2), as published by #
# the Free Software Foundation. #
# #
# We created this package for both routine data analysis and academic #
# research and it was publicly released in the hope that it will be #
# useful, but it comes WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OR LIABILITY. #
# Visit our website for more info: https://msberends.github.io/AMR. #
# #
# Visit our website for the full manual and a complete tutorial about #
# how to conduct AMR analysis: https://msberends.github.io/AMR/ #
# ==================================================================== #
#' Filter isolates on result in antimicrobial class

12
R/first_isolate.R
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@ -1,22 +1,26 @@
# ==================================================================== #
# TITLE #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis for R #
# #
# SOURCE #
# https://github.com/msberends/AMR #
# #
# LICENCE #
# (c) 2018-2020 Berends MS, Luz CF et al. #
# Developed at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, in #
# collaboration with non-profit organisations Certe Medical #
# Diagnostics & Advice, and University Medical Center Groningen. #
# #
# This R package is free software; you can freely use and distribute #
# it for both personal and commercial purposes under the terms of the #
# GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GNU GPL-2), as published by #
# the Free Software Foundation. #
# #
# We created this package for both routine data analysis and academic #
# research and it was publicly released in the hope that it will be #
# useful, but it comes WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OR LIABILITY. #
# Visit our website for more info: https://msberends.github.io/AMR. #
# #
# Visit our website for the full manual and a complete tutorial about #
# how to conduct AMR analysis: https://msberends.github.io/AMR/ #
# ==================================================================== #
#' Determine first (weighted) isolates
@ -42,7 +46,7 @@
#' @param include_unknown logical to determine whether 'unknown' microorganisms should be included too, i.e. microbial code `"UNKNOWN"`, which defaults to `FALSE`. For WHONET users, this means that all records with organism code `"con"` (*contamination*) will be excluded at default. Isolates with a microbial ID of `NA` will always be excluded as first isolate.
#' @param ... parameters passed on to the [first_isolate()] function
#' @details **WHY THIS IS SO IMPORTANT** \cr
#' To conduct an analysis of antimicrobial resistance, you should only include the first isolate of every patient per episode [(ref)](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17304462). If you would not do this, you could easily get an overestimate or underestimate of the resistance of an antibiotic. Imagine that a patient was admitted with an MRSA and that it was found in 5 different blood cultures the following week. The resistance percentage of oxacillin of all *S. aureus* isolates would be overestimated, because you included this MRSA more than once. It would be [selection bias](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selection_bias).
#' To conduct an analysis of antimicrobial resistance, you should only include the first isolate of every patient per episode [(ref)](https:/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17304462/). If you would not do this, you could easily get an overestimate or underestimate of the resistance of an antibiotic. Imagine that a patient was admitted with an MRSA and that it was found in 5 different blood cultures the following week. The resistance percentage of oxacillin of all *S. aureus* isolates would be overestimated, because you included this MRSA more than once. It would be [selection bias](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selection_bias).
#'
#' All isolates with a microbial ID of `NA` will be excluded as first isolate.
#'

10
R/g.test.R
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@ -1,22 +1,26 @@
# ==================================================================== #
# TITLE #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis for R #
# #
# SOURCE #
# https://github.com/msberends/AMR #
# #
# LICENCE #
# (c) 2018-2020 Berends MS, Luz CF et al. #
# Developed at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, in #
# collaboration with non-profit organisations Certe Medical #
# Diagnostics & Advice, and University Medical Center Groningen. #
# #
# This R package is free software; you can freely use and distribute #
# it for both personal and commercial purposes under the terms of the #
# GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GNU GPL-2), as published by #
# the Free Software Foundation. #
# #
# We created this package for both routine data analysis and academic #
# research and it was publicly released in the hope that it will be #
# useful, but it comes WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OR LIABILITY. #
# Visit our website for more info: https://msberends.github.io/AMR. #
# #
# Visit our website for the full manual and a complete tutorial about #
# how to conduct AMR analysis: https://msberends.github.io/AMR/ #
# ==================================================================== #
#' *G*-test for Count Data

10
R/ggplot_pca.R
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@ -1,22 +1,26 @@
# ==================================================================== #
# TITLE #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis for R #
# #
# SOURCE #
# https://github.com/msberends/AMR #
# #
# LICENCE #
# (c) 2018-2020 Berends MS, Luz CF et al. #
# Developed at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, in #
# collaboration with non-profit organisations Certe Medical #
# Diagnostics & Advice, and University Medical Center Groningen. #
# #
# This R package is free software; you can freely use and distribute #
# it for both personal and commercial purposes under the terms of the #
# GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GNU GPL-2), as published by #
# the Free Software Foundation. #
# #
# We created this package for both routine data analysis and academic #
# research and it was publicly released in the hope that it will be #
# useful, but it comes WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OR LIABILITY. #
# Visit our website for more info: https://msberends.github.io/AMR. #
# #
# Visit our website for the full manual and a complete tutorial about #
# how to conduct AMR analysis: https://msberends.github.io/AMR/ #
# ==================================================================== #
#' PCA biplot with `ggplot2`

10
R/ggplot_rsi.R
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@ -1,22 +1,26 @@
# ==================================================================== #
# TITLE #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis for R #
# #
# SOURCE #
# https://github.com/msberends/AMR #
# #
# LICENCE #
# (c) 2018-2020 Berends MS, Luz CF et al. #
# Developed at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, in #
# collaboration with non-profit organisations Certe Medical #
# Diagnostics & Advice, and University Medical Center Groningen. #
# #
# This R package is free software; you can freely use and distribute #
# it for both personal and commercial purposes under the terms of the #
# GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GNU GPL-2), as published by #
# the Free Software Foundation. #
# #
# We created this package for both routine data analysis and academic #
# research and it was publicly released in the hope that it will be #
# useful, but it comes WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OR LIABILITY. #
# Visit our website for more info: https://msberends.github.io/AMR. #
# #
# Visit our website for the full manual and a complete tutorial about #
# how to conduct AMR analysis: https://msberends.github.io/AMR/ #
# ==================================================================== #
#' AMR plots with `ggplot2`

10
R/globals.R
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@ -1,22 +1,26 @@
# ==================================================================== #
# TITLE #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis for R #
# #
# SOURCE #
# https://github.com/msberends/AMR #
# #
# LICENCE #
# (c) 2018-2020 Berends MS, Luz CF et al. #
# Developed at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, in #
# collaboration with non-profit organisations Certe Medical #
# Diagnostics & Advice, and University Medical Center Groningen. #
# #
# This R package is free software; you can freely use and distribute #
# it for both personal and commercial purposes under the terms of the #
# GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GNU GPL-2), as published by #
# the Free Software Foundation. #
# #
# We created this package for both routine data analysis and academic #
# research and it was publicly released in the hope that it will be #
# useful, but it comes WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OR LIABILITY. #
# Visit our website for more info: https://msberends.github.io/AMR. #
# #
# Visit our website for the full manual and a complete tutorial about #
# how to conduct AMR analysis: https://msberends.github.io/AMR/ #
# ==================================================================== #
globalVariables(c(".rowid",

10
R/guess_ab_col.R
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@ -1,22 +1,26 @@
# ==================================================================== #
# TITLE #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis for R #
# #
# SOURCE #
# https://github.com/msberends/AMR #
# #
# LICENCE #
# (c) 2018-2020 Berends MS, Luz CF et al. #
# Developed at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, in #
# collaboration with non-profit organisations Certe Medical #
# Diagnostics & Advice, and University Medical Center Groningen. #
# #
# This R package is free software; you can freely use and distribute #
# it for both personal and commercial purposes under the terms of the #
# GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GNU GPL-2), as published by #
# the Free Software Foundation. #
# #
# We created this package for both routine data analysis and academic #
# research and it was publicly released in the hope that it will be #
# useful, but it comes WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OR LIABILITY. #
# Visit our website for more info: https://msberends.github.io/AMR. #
# #
# Visit our website for the full manual and a complete tutorial about #
# how to conduct AMR analysis: https://msberends.github.io/AMR/ #
# ==================================================================== #
#' Guess antibiotic column

10
R/join_microorganisms.R
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@ -1,22 +1,26 @@
# ==================================================================== #
# TITLE #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis for R #
# #
# SOURCE #
# https://github.com/msberends/AMR #
# #
# LICENCE #
# (c) 2018-2020 Berends MS, Luz CF et al. #
# Developed at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, in #
# collaboration with non-profit organisations Certe Medical #
# Diagnostics & Advice, and University Medical Center Groningen. #
# #
# This R package is free software; you can freely use and distribute #
# it for both personal and commercial purposes under the terms of the #
# GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GNU GPL-2), as published by #
# the Free Software Foundation. #
# #
# We created this package for both routine data analysis and academic #
# research and it was publicly released in the hope that it will be #
# useful, but it comes WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OR LIABILITY. #
# Visit our website for more info: https://msberends.github.io/AMR. #
# #
# Visit our website for the full manual and a complete tutorial about #
# how to conduct AMR analysis: https://msberends.github.io/AMR/ #
# ==================================================================== #
#' Join [microorganisms] to a data set

10
R/key_antibiotics.R
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@ -1,22 +1,26 @@
# ==================================================================== #
# TITLE #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis for R #
# #
# SOURCE #
# https://github.com/msberends/AMR #
# #
# LICENCE #
# (c) 2018-2020 Berends MS, Luz CF et al. #
# Developed at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, in #
# collaboration with non-profit organisations Certe Medical #
# Diagnostics & Advice, and University Medical Center Groningen. #
# #
# This R package is free software; you can freely use and distribute #
# it for both personal and commercial purposes under the terms of the #
# GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GNU GPL-2), as published by #
# the Free Software Foundation. #
# #
# We created this package for both routine data analysis and academic #
# research and it was publicly released in the hope that it will be #
# useful, but it comes WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OR LIABILITY. #
# Visit our website for more info: https://msberends.github.io/AMR. #
# #
# Visit our website for the full manual and a complete tutorial about #
# how to conduct AMR analysis: https://msberends.github.io/AMR/ #
# ==================================================================== #
#' Key antibiotics for first *weighted* isolates

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R/kurtosis.R
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@ -1,29 +1,33 @@
# ==================================================================== #
# TITLE #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis for R #
# #
# SOURCE #
# https://github.com/msberends/AMR #
# #
# LICENCE #
# (c) 2018-2020 Berends MS, Luz CF et al. #
# Developed at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, in #
# collaboration with non-profit organisations Certe Medical #
# Diagnostics & Advice, and University Medical Center Groningen. #
# #
# This R package is free software; you can freely use and distribute #
# it for both personal and commercial purposes under the terms of the #
# GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GNU GPL-2), as published by #
# the Free Software Foundation. #
# #
# We created this package for both routine data analysis and academic #
# research and it was publicly released in the hope that it will be #
# useful, but it comes WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OR LIABILITY. #
# Visit our website for more info: https://msberends.github.io/AMR. #
# #
# Visit our website for the full manual and a complete tutorial about #
# how to conduct AMR analysis: https://msberends.github.io/AMR/ #
# ==================================================================== #
#' Kurtosis of the sample
#'
#' @description Kurtosis is a measure of the "tailedness" of the probability distribution of a real-valued random variable. A normal distribution has a kurtosis of 3 and a excess kurtosis of 0.
#' @inheritSection lifecycle Stable lifecycle
#' @param x a vector of values, a [`matrix`] or a [data.frame]
#' @param x a vector of values, a [matrix] or a [data.frame]
#' @param na.rm a logical to indicate whether `NA` values should be stripped before the computation proceeds
#' @param excess a logical to indicate whether the *excess kurtosis* should be returned, defined as the kurtosis minus 3.
#' @seealso [skewness()]

10
R/lifecycle.R
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@ -1,22 +1,26 @@
# ==================================================================== #
# TITLE #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis for R #
# #
# SOURCE #
# https://github.com/msberends/AMR #
# #
# LICENCE #
# (c) 2018-2020 Berends MS, Luz CF et al. #
# Developed at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, in #
# collaboration with non-profit organisations Certe Medical #
# Diagnostics & Advice, and University Medical Center Groningen. #
# #
# This R package is free software; you can freely use and distribute #
# it for both personal and commercial purposes under the terms of the #
# GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GNU GPL-2), as published by #
# the Free Software Foundation. #
# #
# We created this package for both routine data analysis and academic #
# research and it was publicly released in the hope that it will be #
# useful, but it comes WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OR LIABILITY. #
# Visit our website for more info: https://msberends.github.io/AMR. #
# #
# Visit our website for the full manual and a complete tutorial about #
# how to conduct AMR analysis: https://msberends.github.io/AMR/ #
# ==================================================================== #
###############

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R/like.R
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@ -1,22 +1,26 @@
# ==================================================================== #
# TITLE #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis for R #
# #
# SOURCE #
# https://github.com/msberends/AMR #
# #
# LICENCE #
# (c) 2018-2020 Berends MS, Luz CF et al. #
# Developed at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, in #
# collaboration with non-profit organisations Certe Medical #
# Diagnostics & Advice, and University Medical Center Groningen. #
# #
# This R package is free software; you can freely use and distribute #
# it for both personal and commercial purposes under the terms of the #
# GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GNU GPL-2), as published by #
# the Free Software Foundation. #
# #
# We created this package for both routine data analysis and academic #
# research and it was publicly released in the hope that it will be #
# useful, but it comes WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OR LIABILITY. #
# Visit our website for more info: https://msberends.github.io/AMR. #
# #
# Visit our website for the full manual and a complete tutorial about #
# how to conduct AMR analysis: https://msberends.github.io/AMR/ #
# ==================================================================== #
#' Pattern Matching

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R/mdro.R
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@ -1,22 +1,26 @@
# ==================================================================== #
# TITLE #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis for R #
# #
# SOURCE #
# https://github.com/msberends/AMR #
# #
# LICENCE #
# (c) 2018-2020 Berends MS, Luz CF et al. #
# Developed at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, in #
# collaboration with non-profit organisations Certe Medical #
# Diagnostics & Advice, and University Medical Center Groningen. #
# #
# This R package is free software; you can freely use and distribute #
# it for both personal and commercial purposes under the terms of the #
# GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GNU GPL-2), as published by #
# the Free Software Foundation. #
# #
# We created this package for both routine data analysis and academic #
# research and it was publicly released in the hope that it will be #
# useful, but it comes WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OR LIABILITY. #
# Visit our website for more info: https://msberends.github.io/AMR. #
# #
# Visit our website for the full manual and a complete tutorial about #
# how to conduct AMR analysis: https://msberends.github.io/AMR/ #
# ==================================================================== #
#' Determine multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO)
@ -45,7 +49,7 @@
#' - `guideline = "MRGN"`\cr
#' The German national guideline - Mueller et al. (2015) Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control 4:7. DOI: 10.1186/s13756-015-0047-6
#' - `guideline = "BRMO"`\cr
#' The Dutch national guideline - Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu "WIP-richtlijn BRMO (Bijzonder Resistente Micro-Organismen) (ZKH)" ([link](https://www.rivm.nl/Documenten_en_publicaties/Professioneel_Praktisch/Richtlijnen/Infectieziekten/WIP_Richtlijnen/WIP_Richtlijnen/Ziekenhuizen/WIP_richtlijn_BRMO_Bijzonder_Resistente_Micro_Organismen_ZKH))
#' The Dutch national guideline - Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu "WIP-richtlijn BRMO (Bijzonder Resistente Micro-Organismen) (ZKH)" ([link](https://www.rivm.nl/wip-richtlijn-brmo-bijzonder-resistente-micro-organismen-zkh))
#'
#' Please suggest your own (country-specific) guidelines by letting us know: <https://github.com/msberends/AMR/issues/new>.
#'

10
R/mic.R
View File

@ -1,22 +1,26 @@
# ==================================================================== #
# TITLE #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis for R #
# #
# SOURCE #
# https://github.com/msberends/AMR #
# #
# LICENCE #
# (c) 2018-2020 Berends MS, Luz CF et al. #
# Developed at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, in #
# collaboration with non-profit organisations Certe Medical #
# Diagnostics & Advice, and University Medical Center Groningen. #
# #
# This R package is free software; you can freely use and distribute #
# it for both personal and commercial purposes under the terms of the #
# GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GNU GPL-2), as published by #
# the Free Software Foundation. #
# #
# We created this package for both routine data analysis and academic #
# research and it was publicly released in the hope that it will be #
# useful, but it comes WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OR LIABILITY. #
# Visit our website for more info: https://msberends.github.io/AMR. #
# #
# Visit our website for the full manual and a complete tutorial about #
# how to conduct AMR analysis: https://msberends.github.io/AMR/ #
# ==================================================================== #
#' Transform input to minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC)

10
R/mo.R
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@ -1,22 +1,26 @@
# ==================================================================== #
# TITLE #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis for R #
# #
# SOURCE #
# https://github.com/msberends/AMR #
# #
# LICENCE #
# (c) 2018-2020 Berends MS, Luz CF et al. #
# Developed at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, in #
# collaboration with non-profit organisations Certe Medical #
# Diagnostics & Advice, and University Medical Center Groningen. #
# #
# This R package is free software; you can freely use and distribute #
# it for both personal and commercial purposes under the terms of the #
# GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GNU GPL-2), as published by #
# the Free Software Foundation. #
# #
# We created this package for both routine data analysis and academic #
# research and it was publicly released in the hope that it will be #
# useful, but it comes WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OR LIABILITY. #
# Visit our website for more info: https://msberends.github.io/AMR. #
# #
# Visit our website for the full manual and a complete tutorial about #
# how to conduct AMR analysis: https://msberends.github.io/AMR/ #
# ==================================================================== #
#' Transform input to a microorganism ID

44
R/mo_matching_score.R
View File

@ -1,22 +1,26 @@
# ==================================================================== #
# TITLE #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis for R #
# #
# SOURCE #
# https://github.com/msberends/AMR #
# #
# LICENCE #
# (c) 2018-2020 Berends MS, Luz CF et al. #
# Developed at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, in #
# collaboration with non-profit organisations Certe Medical #
# Diagnostics & Advice, and University Medical Center Groningen. #
# #
# This R package is free software; you can freely use and distribute #
# it for both personal and commercial purposes under the terms of the #
# GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GNU GPL-2), as published by #
# the Free Software Foundation. #
# #
# We created this package for both routine data analysis and academic #
# research and it was publicly released in the hope that it will be #
# useful, but it comes WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OR LIABILITY. #
# Visit our website for more info: https://msberends.github.io/AMR. #
# #
# Visit our website for the full manual and a complete tutorial about #
# how to conduct AMR analysis: https://msberends.github.io/AMR/ #
# ==================================================================== #
#' Calculate the matching score for microorganisms
@ -27,7 +31,7 @@
#' @section Matching score for microorganisms:
#' With ambiguous user input in [as.mo()] and all the [`mo_*`][mo_property()] functions, the returned results are chosen based on their matching score using [mo_matching_score()]. This matching score \eqn{m}, is calculated as:
#'
#' \deqn{m_{(x, n)} = \frac{l_{n} - 0.5 \cdot \min \begin{cases}l_{n} \\ \operatorname{lev}(x, n)\end{cases}}{l_{n} \cdot p_{n} \cdot k_{n}}}{m(x, n) = ( l_n * min(l_n, lev(x, n) ) ) / ( l_n * p_n * k_n )}
#' \deqn{m_{(x, n)} = \frac{l_{n} - 0.5 \cdot \min \begin{cases}l_{n} \\ \textrm{lev}(x, n)\end{cases}}{l_{n} \cdot p_{n} \cdot k_{n}}}{m(x, n) = ( l_n * min(l_n, lev(x, n) ) ) / ( l_n * p_n * k_n )}
#'
#' where:
#'
@ -49,29 +53,35 @@
#' mo_matching_score(x = "E. coli",
#' n = c("Escherichia coli", "Entamoeba coli"))
mo_matching_score <- function(x, n) {
x <- parse_and_convert(x)
# no dots and other non-whitespace characters
x <- gsub("[^a-zA-Z0-9 \\(\\)]+", "", x)
# only keep one space
x <- gsub(" +", " ", x)
# n is always a taxonomically valid full name
levenshtein <- double(length = length(x))
if (length(n) == 1) {
n <- rep(n, length(x))
}
if (length(x) == 1) {
x <- rep(x, length(n))
}
# length of fullname
l_n <- nchar(n)
lev <- double(length = length(x))
l_n.lev <- double(length = length(x))
for (i in seq_len(length(x))) {
# determine Levenshtein distance, but maximise to nchar of n
levenshtein[i] <- min(as.double(utils::adist(x[i], n[i], ignore.case = FALSE)),
nchar(n[i]))
lev[i] <- utils::adist(x[i], n[i], ignore.case = FALSE, fixed = TRUE)
# minimum of (l_n, Levenshtein distance)
l_n.lev[i] <- min(l_n[i], as.double(lev[i]))
}
# F = length of fullname
var_F <- nchar(n)
# L = modified Levenshtein distance
var_L <- levenshtein
# P = prevalence (1 to 3), see ?as.mo
var_P <- MO_lookup[match(n, MO_lookup$fullname), "prevalence", drop = TRUE]
# K = kingdom index (Bacteria = 1, Fungi = 2, Protozoa = 3, Archaea = 4, others = 5)
var_K <- MO_lookup[match(n, MO_lookup$fullname), "kingdom_index", drop = TRUE]
# human pathogenic prevalence (1 to 3), see ?as.mo
p_n <- MO_lookup[match(n, MO_lookup$fullname), "prevalence", drop = TRUE]
# kingdom index (Bacteria = 1, Fungi = 2, Protozoa = 3, Archaea = 4, others = 5)
k_n <- MO_lookup[match(n, MO_lookup$fullname), "kingdom_index", drop = TRUE]
# matching score:
(var_F - 0.5 * var_L) / (var_F * var_P * var_K)
(l_n - 0.5 * l_n.lev) / (l_n * p_n * k_n)
}

10
R/mo_property.R
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@ -1,22 +1,26 @@
# ==================================================================== #
# TITLE #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis for R #
# #
# SOURCE #
# https://github.com/msberends/AMR #
# #
# LICENCE #
# (c) 2018-2020 Berends MS, Luz CF et al. #
# Developed at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, in #
# collaboration with non-profit organisations Certe Medical #
# Diagnostics & Advice, and University Medical Center Groningen. #
# #
# This R package is free software; you can freely use and distribute #
# it for both personal and commercial purposes under the terms of the #
# GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GNU GPL-2), as published by #
# the Free Software Foundation. #
# #
# We created this package for both routine data analysis and academic #
# research and it was publicly released in the hope that it will be #
# useful, but it comes WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OR LIABILITY. #
# Visit our website for more info: https://msberends.github.io/AMR. #
# #
# Visit our website for the full manual and a complete tutorial about #
# how to conduct AMR analysis: https://msberends.github.io/AMR/ #
# ==================================================================== #
#' Get properties of a microorganism

10
R/mo_source.R
View File

@ -1,22 +1,26 @@
# ==================================================================== #
# TITLE #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis for R #
# #
# SOURCE #
# https://github.com/msberends/AMR #
# #
# LICENCE #
# (c) 2018-2020 Berends MS, Luz CF et al. #
# Developed at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, in #
# collaboration with non-profit organisations Certe Medical #
# Diagnostics & Advice, and University Medical Center Groningen. #
# #
# This R package is free software; you can freely use and distribute #
# it for both personal and commercial purposes under the terms of the #
# GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GNU GPL-2), as published by #
# the Free Software Foundation. #
# #
# We created this package for both routine data analysis and academic #
# research and it was publicly released in the hope that it will be #
# useful, but it comes WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OR LIABILITY. #
# Visit our website for more info: https://msberends.github.io/AMR. #
# #
# Visit our website for the full manual and a complete tutorial about #
# how to conduct AMR analysis: https://msberends.github.io/AMR/ #
# ==================================================================== #
#' User-defined reference data set for microorganisms

10
R/p_symbol.R
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@ -1,22 +1,26 @@
# ==================================================================== #
# TITLE #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis for R #
# #
# SOURCE #
# https://github.com/msberends/AMR #
# #
# LICENCE #
# (c) 2018-2020 Berends MS, Luz CF et al. #
# Developed at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, in #
# collaboration with non-profit organisations Certe Medical #
# Diagnostics & Advice, and University Medical Center Groningen. #
# #
# This R package is free software; you can freely use and distribute #
# it for both personal and commercial purposes under the terms of the #
# GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GNU GPL-2), as published by #
# the Free Software Foundation. #
# #
# We created this package for both routine data analysis and academic #
# research and it was publicly released in the hope that it will be #
# useful, but it comes WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OR LIABILITY. #
# Visit our website for more info: https://msberends.github.io/AMR. #
# #
# Visit our website for the full manual and a complete tutorial about #
# how to conduct AMR analysis: https://msberends.github.io/AMR/ #
# ==================================================================== #
#' Symbol of a p-value

10
R/pca.R
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@ -1,22 +1,26 @@
# ==================================================================== #
# TITLE #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis for R #
# #
# SOURCE #
# https://github.com/msberends/AMR #
# #
# LICENCE #
# (c) 2018-2020 Berends MS, Luz CF et al. #
# Developed at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, in #
# collaboration with non-profit organisations Certe Medical #
# Diagnostics & Advice, and University Medical Center Groningen. #
# #
# This R package is free software; you can freely use and distribute #
# it for both personal and commercial purposes under the terms of the #
# GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GNU GPL-2), as published by #
# the Free Software Foundation. #
# #
# We created this package for both routine data analysis and academic #
# research and it was publicly released in the hope that it will be #
# useful, but it comes WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OR LIABILITY. #
# Visit our website for more info: https://msberends.github.io/AMR. #
# #
# Visit our website for the full manual and a complete tutorial about #
# how to conduct AMR analysis: https://msberends.github.io/AMR/ #
# ==================================================================== #
#' Principal Component Analysis (for AMR)

10
R/proportion.R
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@ -1,22 +1,26 @@
# ==================================================================== #
# TITLE #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis for R #
# #
# SOURCE #
# https://github.com/msberends/AMR #
# #
# LICENCE #
# (c) 2018-2020 Berends MS, Luz CF et al. #
# Developed at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, in #
# collaboration with non-profit organisations Certe Medical #
# Diagnostics & Advice, and University Medical Center Groningen. #
# #
# This R package is free software; you can freely use and distribute #
# it for both personal and commercial purposes under the terms of the #
# GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GNU GPL-2), as published by #
# the Free Software Foundation. #
# #
# We created this package for both routine data analysis and academic #
# research and it was publicly released in the hope that it will be #
# useful, but it comes WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OR LIABILITY. #
# Visit our website for more info: https://msberends.github.io/AMR. #
# #
# Visit our website for the full manual and a complete tutorial about #
# how to conduct AMR analysis: https://msberends.github.io/AMR/ #
# ==================================================================== #
#' Calculate microbial resistance

10
R/resistance_predict.R
View File

@ -1,22 +1,26 @@
# ==================================================================== #
# TITLE #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis for R #
# #
# SOURCE #
# https://github.com/msberends/AMR #
# #
# LICENCE #
# (c) 2018-2020 Berends MS, Luz CF et al. #
# Developed at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, in #
# collaboration with non-profit organisations Certe Medical #
# Diagnostics & Advice, and University Medical Center Groningen. #
# #
# This R package is free software; you can freely use and distribute #
# it for both personal and commercial purposes under the terms of the #
# GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GNU GPL-2), as published by #
# the Free Software Foundation. #
# #
# We created this package for both routine data analysis and academic #
# research and it was publicly released in the hope that it will be #
# useful, but it comes WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OR LIABILITY. #
# Visit our website for more info: https://msberends.github.io/AMR. #
# #
# Visit our website for the full manual and a complete tutorial about #
# how to conduct AMR analysis: https://msberends.github.io/AMR/ #
# ==================================================================== #
#' Predict antimicrobial resistance

12
R/rsi.R
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@ -1,22 +1,26 @@
# ==================================================================== #
# TITLE #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis for R #
# #
# SOURCE #
# https://github.com/msberends/AMR #
# #
# LICENCE #
# (c) 2018-2020 Berends MS, Luz CF et al. #
# Developed at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, in #
# collaboration with non-profit organisations Certe Medical #
# Diagnostics & Advice, and University Medical Center Groningen. #
# #
# This R package is free software; you can freely use and distribute #
# it for both personal and commercial purposes under the terms of the #
# GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GNU GPL-2), as published by #
# the Free Software Foundation. #
# #
# We created this package for both routine data analysis and academic #
# research and it was publicly released in the hope that it will be #
# useful, but it comes WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OR LIABILITY. #
# Visit our website for more info: https://msberends.github.io/AMR. #
# #
# Visit our website for the full manual and a complete tutorial about #
# how to conduct AMR analysis: https://msberends.github.io/AMR/ #
# ==================================================================== #
#' Interpret MIC and disk values, or clean raw R/SI data
@ -76,7 +80,7 @@
#'
#' The function [is.rsi.eligible()] returns `TRUE` when a columns contains at most 5% invalid antimicrobial interpretations (not S and/or I and/or R), and `FALSE` otherwise. The threshold of 5% can be set with the `threshold` parameter.
#' @section Interpretation of R and S/I:
#' In 2019, the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) has decided to change the definitions of susceptibility testing categories R and S/I as shown below (<http://www.eucast.org/newsiandr/>).
#' In 2019, the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) has decided to change the definitions of susceptibility testing categories R and S/I as shown below (<https://www.eucast.org/newsiandr/>).
#'
#' - **R = Resistant**\cr
#' A microorganism is categorised as *Resistant* when there is a high likelihood of therapeutic failure even when there is increased exposure. Exposure is a function of how the mode of administration, dose, dosing interval, infusion time, as well as distribution and excretion of the antimicrobial agent will influence the infecting organism at the site of infection.

10
R/rsi_calc.R
View File

@ -1,22 +1,26 @@
# ==================================================================== #
# TITLE #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis for R #
# #
# SOURCE #
# https://github.com/msberends/AMR #
# #
# LICENCE #
# (c) 2018-2020 Berends MS, Luz CF et al. #
# Developed at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, in #
# collaboration with non-profit organisations Certe Medical #
# Diagnostics & Advice, and University Medical Center Groningen. #
# #
# This R package is free software; you can freely use and distribute #
# it for both personal and commercial purposes under the terms of the #
# GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GNU GPL-2), as published by #
# the Free Software Foundation. #
# #
# We created this package for both routine data analysis and academic #
# research and it was publicly released in the hope that it will be #
# useful, but it comes WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OR LIABILITY. #
# Visit our website for more info: https://msberends.github.io/AMR. #
# #
# Visit our website for the full manual and a complete tutorial about #
# how to conduct AMR analysis: https://msberends.github.io/AMR/ #
# ==================================================================== #
dots2vars <- function(...) {

10
R/rsi_df.R
View File

@ -1,22 +1,26 @@
# ==================================================================== #
# TITLE #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis for R #
# #
# SOURCE #
# https://github.com/msberends/AMR #
# #
# LICENCE #
# (c) 2018-2020 Berends MS, Luz CF et al. #
# Developed at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, in #
# collaboration with non-profit organisations Certe Medical #
# Diagnostics & Advice, and University Medical Center Groningen. #
# #
# This R package is free software; you can freely use and distribute #
# it for both personal and commercial purposes under the terms of the #
# GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GNU GPL-2), as published by #
# the Free Software Foundation. #
# #
# We created this package for both routine data analysis and academic #
# research and it was publicly released in the hope that it will be #
# useful, but it comes WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OR LIABILITY. #
# Visit our website for more info: https://msberends.github.io/AMR. #
# #
# Visit our website for the full manual and a complete tutorial about #
# how to conduct AMR analysis: https://msberends.github.io/AMR/ #
# ==================================================================== #
#' @rdname proportion

12
R/skewness.R
View File

@ -1,22 +1,26 @@
# ==================================================================== #
# TITLE #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis for R #
# #
# SOURCE #
# https://github.com/msberends/AMR #
# #
# LICENCE #
# (c) 2018-2020 Berends MS, Luz CF et al. #
# Developed at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, in #
# collaboration with non-profit organisations Certe Medical #
# Diagnostics & Advice, and University Medical Center Groningen. #
# #
# This R package is free software; you can freely use and distribute #
# it for both personal and commercial purposes under the terms of the #
# GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GNU GPL-2), as published by #
# the Free Software Foundation. #
# #
# We created this package for both routine data analysis and academic #
# research and it was publicly released in the hope that it will be #
# useful, but it comes WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OR LIABILITY. #
# Visit our website for more info: https://msberends.github.io/AMR. #
# #
# Visit our website for the full manual and a complete tutorial about #
# how to conduct AMR analysis: https://msberends.github.io/AMR/ #
# ==================================================================== #
#' Skewness of the sample
@ -25,7 +29,7 @@
#'
#' When negative ('left-skewed'): the left tail is longer; the mass of the distribution is concentrated on the right of a histogram. When positive ('right-skewed'): the right tail is longer; the mass of the distribution is concentrated on the left of a histogram. A normal distribution has a skewness of 0.
#' @inheritSection lifecycle Stable lifecycle
#' @param x a vector of values, a [`matrix`] or a [data.frame]
#' @param x a vector of values, a [matrix] or a [data.frame]
#' @param na.rm a logical value indicating whether `NA` values should be stripped before the computation proceeds
#' @seealso [kurtosis()]
#' @rdname skewness

10
R/translate.R
View File

@ -1,22 +1,26 @@
# ==================================================================== #
# TITLE #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis for R #
# #
# SOURCE #
# https://github.com/msberends/AMR #
# #
# LICENCE #
# (c) 2018-2020 Berends MS, Luz CF et al. #
# Developed at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, in #
# collaboration with non-profit organisations Certe Medical #
# Diagnostics & Advice, and University Medical Center Groningen. #
# #
# This R package is free software; you can freely use and distribute #
# it for both personal and commercial purposes under the terms of the #
# GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GNU GPL-2), as published by #
# the Free Software Foundation. #
# #
# We created this package for both routine data analysis and academic #
# research and it was publicly released in the hope that it will be #
# useful, but it comes WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OR LIABILITY. #
# Visit our website for more info: https://msberends.github.io/AMR. #
# #
# Visit our website for the full manual and a complete tutorial about #
# how to conduct AMR analysis: https://msberends.github.io/AMR/ #
# ==================================================================== #
#' Translate strings from AMR package

10
R/whocc.R
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@ -1,22 +1,26 @@
# ==================================================================== #
# TITLE #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis for R #
# #
# SOURCE #
# https://github.com/msberends/AMR #
# #
# LICENCE #
# (c) 2018-2020 Berends MS, Luz CF et al. #
# Developed at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, in #
# collaboration with non-profit organisations Certe Medical #
# Diagnostics & Advice, and University Medical Center Groningen. #
# #
# This R package is free software; you can freely use and distribute #
# it for both personal and commercial purposes under the terms of the #
# GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GNU GPL-2), as published by #
# the Free Software Foundation. #
# #
# We created this package for both routine data analysis and academic #
# research and it was publicly released in the hope that it will be #
# useful, but it comes WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OR LIABILITY. #
# Visit our website for more info: https://msberends.github.io/AMR. #
# #
# Visit our website for the full manual and a complete tutorial about #
# how to conduct AMR analysis: https://msberends.github.io/AMR/ #
# ==================================================================== #
#' WHOCC: WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology

22
R/zzz.R
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@ -1,22 +1,26 @@
# ==================================================================== #
# TITLE #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis for R #
# #
# SOURCE #
# https://github.com/msberends/AMR #
# #
# LICENCE #
# (c) 2018-2020 Berends MS, Luz CF et al. #
# Developed at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, in #
# collaboration with non-profit organisations Certe Medical #
# Diagnostics & Advice, and University Medical Center Groningen. #
# #
# This R package is free software; you can freely use and distribute #
# it for both personal and commercial purposes under the terms of the #
# GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GNU GPL-2), as published by #
# the Free Software Foundation. #
# #
# We created this package for both routine data analysis and academic #
# research and it was publicly released in the hope that it will be #
# useful, but it comes WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OR LIABILITY. #
# Visit our website for more info: https://msberends.github.io/AMR. #
# #
# Visit our website for the full manual and a complete tutorial about #
# how to conduct AMR analysis: https://msberends.github.io/AMR/ #
# ==================================================================== #
.onLoad <- function(libname, pkgname) {
@ -49,14 +53,14 @@
# developers of the vctrs package:
# https://github.com/r-lib/vctrs/blob/05968ce8e669f73213e3e894b5f4424af4f46316/R/register-s3.R
s3_register("pillar::pillar_shaft", "ab")
s3_register("tibble::type_sum", "ab")
s3_register("pillar::pillar_shaft", "mo")
s3_register("tibble::type_sum", "mo")
s3_register("pillar::pillar_shaft", "rsi")
s3_register("tibble::type_sum", "rsi")
s3_register("pillar::pillar_shaft", "mic")
s3_register("tibble::type_sum", "mic")
s3_register("pillar::pillar_shaft", "disk")
s3_register("tibble::type_sum", "ab")
s3_register("tibble::type_sum", "mo")
s3_register("tibble::type_sum", "rsi")
s3_register("tibble::type_sum", "mic")
s3_register("tibble::type_sum", "disk")
# Support for frequency tables from the cleaner package
s3_register("cleaner::freq", "mo")
@ -81,8 +85,8 @@
create_species_cons_cops <- function(type = c("CoNS", "CoPS")) {
# Determination of which staphylococcal species are CoNS/CoPS according to Becker et al.:
# https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4187637/figure/F3/
# returns class <mo>
# https://cmr.asm.org/content/cmr/27/4/870/F6.large.jpg
# this function returns class <mo>
MO_staph <- AMR::microorganisms
MO_staph <- MO_staph[which(MO_staph$genus == "Staphylococcus"), , drop = FALSE]
if (type == "CoNS") {

2
README.md
View File

@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ After installing this package, R knows ~70,000 distinct microbial species and al
This package is fully independent of any other R package and works on Windows, macOS and Linux with all versions of R since R-3.0.0 (April 2013). It was designed to work in any setting, including those with very limited resources. It was created for both routine data analysis and academic research at the Faculty of Medical Sciences of the University of Groningen, in collaboration with non-profit organisations Certe Medical Diagnostics and Advice and University Medical Center Groningen. This R package is actively maintained and free software; you can freely use and distribute it for both personal and commercial (but not patent) purposes under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GPL-2), as published by the Free Software Foundation.
This is the development source of the `AMR` package for R. Not a developer? Then please visit our website [https://msberends.github.io/AMR](https://msberends.github.io/AMR) to read more about this package.
This is the development source of the `AMR` package for R. Not a developer? Then please visit our website [https://msberends.github.io/AMR/](https://msberends.github.io/AMR/) to read more about this package.
*NOTE: this source code is on GitHub (https://github.com/msberends/AMR), but also automatically mirrored to GitLab (https://gitlab.com/msberends/AMR).*

14
_pkgdown.yml
View File

@ -1,26 +1,30 @@
# ==================================================================== #
# TITLE #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis for R #
# #
# SOURCE #
# https://github.com/msberends/AMR #
# #
# LICENCE #
# (c) 2018-2020 Berends MS, Luz CF et al. #
# Developed at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, in #
# collaboration with non-profit organisations Certe Medical #
# Diagnostics & Advice, and University Medical Center Groningen. #
# #
# This R package is free software; you can freely use and distribute #
# it for both personal and commercial purposes under the terms of the #
# GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GNU GPL-2), as published by #
# the Free Software Foundation. #
# #
# We created this package for both routine data analysis and academic #
# research and it was publicly released in the hope that it will be #
# useful, but it comes WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OR LIABILITY. #
# Visit our website for more info: https://msberends.github.io/AMR. #
# #
# Visit our website for the full manual and a complete tutorial about #
# how to conduct AMR analysis: https://msberends.github.io/AMR/ #
# ==================================================================== #
title: "AMR (for R)"
url: "https://msberends.github.io/AMR"
url: "https://msberends.github.io/AMR/"
development:
mode: "release" # improves indexing by search engines
@ -132,7 +136,7 @@ reference:
desc: >
With `as.mic()` and `as.disk()` you can transform your raw input to valid MIC or disk diffusion values.
Use `as.rsi()` for cleaning raw data to let it only contain "R", "I" and "S", or to interpret MIC or disk diffusion values as R/SI based on the lastest EUCAST and CLSI guidelines.
Afterwards, you can extend antibiotic interpretations by applying [EUCAST rules](http://www.eucast.org/expert_rules_and_intrinsic_resistance/) with `eucast_rules()`.
Afterwards, you can extend antibiotic interpretations by applying [EUCAST rules](https://www.eucast.org/expert_rules_and_intrinsic_resistance/) with `eucast_rules()`.
contents:
- "`as.rsi`"
- "`as.mic`"

10
codecov.yml
View File

@ -1,22 +1,26 @@
# ==================================================================== #
# TITLE #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis for R #
# #
# SOURCE #
# https://github.com/msberends/AMR #
# #
# LICENCE #
# (c) 2018-2020 Berends MS, Luz CF et al. #
# Developed at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, in #
# collaboration with non-profit organisations Certe Medical #
# Diagnostics & Advice, and University Medical Center Groningen. #
# #
# This R package is free software; you can freely use and distribute #
# it for both personal and commercial purposes under the terms of the #
# GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GNU GPL-2), as published by #
# the Free Software Foundation. #
# #
# We created this package for both routine data analysis and academic #
# research and it was publicly released in the hope that it will be #
# useful, but it comes WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OR LIABILITY. #
# Visit our website for more info: https://msberends.github.io/AMR. #
# #
# Visit our website for the full manual and a complete tutorial about #
# how to conduct AMR analysis: https://msberends.github.io/AMR/ #
# ==================================================================== #
codecov:

206
data-raw/country_analysis.R
View File

@ -1,206 +0,0 @@
# ==================================================================== #
# TITLE #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis #
# #
# SOURCE #
# https://github.com/msberends/AMR #
# #
# LICENCE #
# (c) 2018-2020 Berends MS, Luz CF et al. #
# #
# This R package is free software; you can freely use and distribute #
# it for both personal and commercial purposes under the terms of the #
# GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GNU GPL-2), as published by #
# the Free Software Foundation. #
# #
# We created this package for both routine data analysis and academic #
# research and it was publicly released in the hope that it will be #
# useful, but it comes WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OR LIABILITY. #
# Visit our website for more info: https://msberends.github.io/AMR. #
# ==================================================================== #
# Read and format data ----------------------------------------------------
library(tidyverse)
library(maps)
library(httr)
GET_df <- function(ip) {
ip <- paste0("https://ipinfo.io/", ip, "?token=", ipinfo_token)
result <- ip %>% GET()
stop_for_status(result)
result %>%
content(type = "text", encoding = "UTF-8") %>%
jsonlite::fromJSON(flatten = TRUE) %>%
as_tibble()
}
# get website analytics
source("data-raw/country_analysis_url_token.R")
url_json <- paste0(country_analysis_url,
"/index.php?&module=API&token_auth=",
country_analysis_token,
"&method=Live.getLastVisitsDetails&idSite=3&language=en&expanded=1&date=2018-01-01,2028-01-01&period=range&filter_limit=-1&format=JSON&segment=&translateColumnNames=1")
data_json <- jsonlite::read_json(url_json)
data <- tibble(
timestamp_server = as.POSIXct(sapply(data_json, function(x) x$serverTimestamp), origin = "1970-01-01"),
ipaddress = sapply(data_json, function(x) x$visitIp))
rm(data_json)
# add country data based on IP address and ipinfo.io API
unique_ip <- unique(data$ipaddress)
ip_tbl <- GET_df(unique_ip[1])
p <- AMR:::progress_estimated(n = length(unique_ip) - 1, min_time = 0)
for (i in 2:length(unique_ip)) {
p$tick()
ip_tbl <- ip_tbl %>%
bind_rows(GET_df(unique_ip[i]))
}
close(p)
ip_tbl.bak <- ip_tbl
# add long and lat
ip_tbl <- ip_tbl %>%
separate(loc, into = c("y", "x"), sep = ",", remove = FALSE, convert = TRUE)
# Plot world map ----------------------------------------------------------
countries_geometry <- sf::st_as_sf(map('world', plot = FALSE, fill = TRUE)) %>%
mutate(countries_code = countrycode::countrycode(ID,
origin = 'country.name',
destination = 'iso2c',
custom_match = c("Ascension Island" = "GB", # Great Britain
"Azores" = "PT", # Portugal
"Barbuda" = "GB", # Great Britain
"Bonaire" = "BQ", # Bonaire, Saint Eustatius and Saba
"Canary Islands" = "ES", # Spain
"Chagos Archipelago" = "MU", # Mauritius
"Grenadines" = "VC", # Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
"Heard Island" = "AU", # Australia
"Kosovo" = "XK",
"Madeira Islands" = "PT", # Portugal
"Micronesia" = "FM",
"Saba" = "BQ", # Bonaire, Saint Eustatius and Saba
"Saint Martin" = "MF",
"Siachen Glacier" = "IN", # India
"Sint Eustatius" = "BQ" # Bonaire, Saint Eustatius and Saba
)),
included = as.integer(countries_code %in% ip_tbl$country),
not_antarctica = as.integer(ID != "Antarctica"),
countries_name = ifelse(included == 1, as.character(ID), NA))
# add countries not in the list
countries_missing <- unique(ip_tbl$country[!ip_tbl$country %in% countries_geometry$countries_code])
for (i in seq_len(length(countries_missing))) {
countries_geometry <- countries_geometry %>%
rbind(countries_geometry %>%
filter(ID == "Netherlands") %>%
mutate(ID = countrycode::countrycode(countries_missing[i],
origin = 'iso2c',
destination = 'country.name'),
countries_code = countries_missing[i],
included = 1,
not_antarctica = 1,
countries_name = countrycode::countrycode(countries_missing[i],
origin = 'iso2c',
destination = 'country.name')))
}
# how many?
countries_geometry %>% filter(included == 1) %>% nrow()
countries_geometry$countries_name <- gsub("UK", "United Kingdom", countries_geometry$countries_name, fixed = TRUE)
countries_geometry$countries_name <- gsub("USA", "United States", countries_geometry$countries_name, fixed = TRUE)
countries_plot <- ggplot(countries_geometry) +
geom_sf(aes(fill = included, colour = not_antarctica),
size = 0.25,
show.legend = FALSE) +
theme_minimal() +
theme(panel.grid = element_blank(),
axis.title = element_blank(),
axis.text = element_blank()) +
scale_fill_gradient(low = "white", high = "#128f7645") +
# this makes the border Antarctica turn white (invisible):
scale_colour_gradient(low = "white", high = "#128f76")
countries_plot_mini <- countries_plot
countries_plot_mini$data <- countries_plot_mini$data %>% filter(ID != "Antarctica")
# countries_plot_mini <- countries_plot_mini + scale_colour_gradient(low = "#81899B", high = "#81899B")
countries_plot_big <- countries_plot +
labs(title = tools::toTitleCase("Countries the AMR package for R was downloaded from"),
subtitle = paste0("Between March 2018 (first release) and ",
format(Sys.Date(), "%B %Y")),
caption = "Source: https://cran-logs.rstudio.com") +
theme(plot.title = element_text(size = 16, hjust = 0.5),
plot.subtitle = element_text(size = 12, hjust = 0.5)) +
geom_text(aes(x = -170,
y = -75,
label = stringr::str_wrap(paste0("Countries (n = ",
length(countries_name[!is.na(countries_name)]), "): ",
paste(sort(countries_name[!is.na(countries_name)]), collapse = ", ")),
200)),
hjust = 0,
size = 4)
# main website page
ggsave("pkgdown/logos/countries.png",
width = 6,
height = 2.5,
units = "in",
dpi = 100,
plot = countries_plot_mini,
scale = 1)
# when clicked - a high res enlargement
ggsave("pkgdown/logos/countries_large.png",
width = 11,
height = 6,
units = "in",
dpi = 300,
plot = countries_plot_big,
scale = 1.5)
# Gibberish ---------------------------------------------------------------
data %>%
left_join(ip_tbl, by = c("ipaddress" = "ip")) %>%
group_by(country = countrycode::countrycode(country,
origin = 'iso2c',
destination = 'country.name',
custom_match = c(XK = "Kosovo"))) %>%
summarise(first = min(timestamp_server)) %>%
arrange(desc(first)) %>%
mutate(frame = case_when(first <= as.POSIXct("2019-06-30") ~ "Q1-Q2 2019",
first <= as.POSIXct("2019-12-31") ~ "Q3-Q4 2019",
TRUE ~ "Q1-Q2 2020")) %>%
View()
#
# p1 <- data %>%
# group_by(country) %>%
# summarise(first = min(timestamp_server)) %>%
# arrange(first) %>%
# mutate(n = row_number()) %>%
# ggplot(aes(x = first, y = n)) +
# geom_line() +
# geom_point(aes(x = max(first), y = max(n)), size = 3) +
# scale_x_datetime(date_breaks = "2 months", date_labels = "%B %Y") +
# labs(x = NULL, y = "Number of countries")
#
# package_releases <- read_html("https://cran.r-project.org/src/contrib/Archive/AMR/") %>%
# rvest::html_table() %>%
# .[[1]] %>%
# as_tibble(.name_repair = "unique") %>%
# filter(`Last modified` != "") %>%
# transmute(version = gsub("[^0-9.]", "",
# gsub(".tar.gz", "", Name)),
# datetime = as.POSIXct(`Last modified`)) %>%
# # add current
# bind_rows(tibble(version = as.character(packageVersion("AMR")),
# datetime = as.POSIXct(packageDate("AMR")))) %>%
# # remove the ones not plottable
# filter(datetime > min(p1$data$first))
#
# p1 + geom_linerange(data = package_releases, aes(x = datetime, ymin = 0, ymax = 80), colour = "red", inherit.aes = FALSE)
#

10
data-raw/internals.R
View File

@ -1,22 +1,26 @@
# ==================================================================== #
# TITLE #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis for R #
# #
# SOURCE #
# https://github.com/msberends/AMR #
# #
# LICENCE #
# (c) 2018-2020 Berends MS, Luz CF et al. #
# Developed at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, in #
# collaboration with non-profit organisations Certe Medical #
# Diagnostics & Advice, and University Medical Center Groningen. #
# #
# This R package is free software; you can freely use and distribute #
# it for both personal and commercial purposes under the terms of the #
# GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GNU GPL-2), as published by #
# the Free Software Foundation. #
# #
# We created this package for both routine data analysis and academic #
# research and it was publicly released in the hope that it will be #
# useful, but it comes WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OR LIABILITY. #
# Visit our website for more info: https://msberends.github.io/AMR. #
# #
# Visit our website for the full manual and a complete tutorial about #
# how to conduct AMR analysis: https://msberends.github.io/AMR/ #
# ==================================================================== #
# Run this file to update the package using: -------------------------------

10
data-raw/loinc.R
View File

@ -1,22 +1,26 @@
# ==================================================================== #
# TITLE #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis for R #
# #
# SOURCE #
# https://github.com/msberends/AMR #
# #
# LICENCE #
# (c) 2018-2020 Berends MS, Luz CF et al. #
# Developed at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, in #
# collaboration with non-profit organisations Certe Medical #
# Diagnostics & Advice, and University Medical Center Groningen. #
# #
# This R package is free software; you can freely use and distribute #
# it for both personal and commercial purposes under the terms of the #
# GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GNU GPL-2), as published by #
# the Free Software Foundation. #
# #
# We created this package for both routine data analysis and academic #
# research and it was publicly released in the hope that it will be #
# useful, but it comes WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OR LIABILITY. #
# Visit our website for more info: https://msberends.github.io/AMR. #
# #
# Visit our website for the full manual and a complete tutorial about #
# how to conduct AMR analysis: https://msberends.github.io/AMR/ #
# ==================================================================== #
# last updated: 20 January 2020 - Loinc_2.67

10
data-raw/poorman_prepend.R
View File

@ -1,22 +1,26 @@
# ==================================================================== #
# TITLE #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis for R #
# #
# SOURCE #
# https://github.com/msberends/AMR #
# #
# LICENCE #
# (c) 2018-2020 Berends MS, Luz CF et al. #
# Developed at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, in #
# collaboration with non-profit organisations Certe Medical #
# Diagnostics & Advice, and University Medical Center Groningen. #
# #
# This R package is free software; you can freely use and distribute #
# it for both personal and commercial purposes under the terms of the #
# GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GNU GPL-2), as published by #
# the Free Software Foundation. #
# #
# We created this package for both routine data analysis and academic #
# research and it was publicly released in the hope that it will be #
# useful, but it comes WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OR LIABILITY. #
# Visit our website for more info: https://msberends.github.io/AMR. #
# #
# Visit our website for the full manual and a complete tutorial about #
# how to conduct AMR analysis: https://msberends.github.io/AMR/ #
# ==================================================================== #
# ------------------------------------------------

10
data-raw/read_EUCAST.R
View File

@ -1,22 +1,26 @@
# ==================================================================== #
# TITLE #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis for R #
# #
# SOURCE #
# https://github.com/msberends/AMR #
# #
# LICENCE #
# (c) 2018-2020 Berends MS, Luz CF et al. #
# Developed at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, in #
# collaboration with non-profit organisations Certe Medical #
# Diagnostics & Advice, and University Medical Center Groningen. #
# #
# This R package is free software; you can freely use and distribute #
# it for both personal and commercial purposes under the terms of the #
# GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GNU GPL-2), as published by #
# the Free Software Foundation. #
# #
# We created this package for both routine data analysis and academic #
# research and it was publicly released in the hope that it will be #
# useful, but it comes WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OR LIABILITY. #
# Visit our website for more info: https://msberends.github.io/AMR. #
# #
# Visit our website for the full manual and a complete tutorial about #
# how to conduct AMR analysis: https://msberends.github.io/AMR/ #
# ==================================================================== #
library(openxlsx)

10
data-raw/reproduction_of_antibiotics.R
View File

@ -1,22 +1,26 @@
# ==================================================================== #
# TITLE #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis for R #
# #
# SOURCE #
# https://github.com/msberends/AMR #
# #
# LICENCE #
# (c) 2018-2020 Berends MS, Luz CF et al. #
# Developed at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, in #
# collaboration with non-profit organisations Certe Medical #
# Diagnostics & Advice, and University Medical Center Groningen. #
# #
# This R package is free software; you can freely use and distribute #
# it for both personal and commercial purposes under the terms of the #
# GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GNU GPL-2), as published by #
# the Free Software Foundation. #
# #
# We created this package for both routine data analysis and academic #
# research and it was publicly released in the hope that it will be #
# useful, but it comes WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OR LIABILITY. #
# Visit our website for more info: https://msberends.github.io/AMR. #
# #
# Visit our website for the full manual and a complete tutorial about #
# how to conduct AMR analysis: https://msberends.github.io/AMR/ #
# ==================================================================== #
library(dplyr)

10
data-raw/reproduction_of_antivirals.R
View File

@ -1,22 +1,26 @@
# ==================================================================== #
# TITLE #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis for R #
# #
# SOURCE #
# https://github.com/msberends/AMR #
# #
# LICENCE #
# (c) 2018-2020 Berends MS, Luz CF et al. #
# Developed at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, in #
# collaboration with non-profit organisations Certe Medical #
# Diagnostics & Advice, and University Medical Center Groningen. #
# #
# This R package is free software; you can freely use and distribute #
# it for both personal and commercial purposes under the terms of the #
# GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GNU GPL-2), as published by #
# the Free Software Foundation. #
# #
# We created this package for both routine data analysis and academic #
# research and it was publicly released in the hope that it will be #
# useful, but it comes WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OR LIABILITY. #
# Visit our website for more info: https://msberends.github.io/AMR. #
# #
# Visit our website for the full manual and a complete tutorial about #
# how to conduct AMR analysis: https://msberends.github.io/AMR/ #
# ==================================================================== #
# get all data from the WHOCC website

10
data-raw/reproduction_of_example_isolates_unclean.R
View File

@ -1,22 +1,26 @@
# ==================================================================== #
# TITLE #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis for R #
# #
# SOURCE #
# https://github.com/msberends/AMR #
# #
# LICENCE #
# (c) 2018-2020 Berends MS, Luz CF et al. #
# Developed at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, in #
# collaboration with non-profit organisations Certe Medical #
# Diagnostics & Advice, and University Medical Center Groningen. #
# #
# This R package is free software; you can freely use and distribute #
# it for both personal and commercial purposes under the terms of the #
# GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GNU GPL-2), as published by #
# the Free Software Foundation. #
# #
# We created this package for both routine data analysis and academic #
# research and it was publicly released in the hope that it will be #
# useful, but it comes WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OR LIABILITY. #
# Visit our website for more info: https://msberends.github.io/AMR. #
# #
# Visit our website for the full manual and a complete tutorial about #
# how to conduct AMR analysis: https://msberends.github.io/AMR/ #
# ==================================================================== #
patients <- unlist(lapply(LETTERS, paste0, 1:10))

10
data-raw/reproduction_of_intrinsic_resistant.R
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@ -1,22 +1,26 @@
# ==================================================================== #
# TITLE #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis for R #
# #
# SOURCE #
# https://github.com/msberends/AMR #
# #
# LICENCE #
# (c) 2018-2020 Berends MS, Luz CF et al. #
# Developed at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, in #
# collaboration with non-profit organisations Certe Medical #
# Diagnostics & Advice, and University Medical Center Groningen. #
# #
# This R package is free software; you can freely use and distribute #
# it for both personal and commercial purposes under the terms of the #
# GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GNU GPL-2), as published by #
# the Free Software Foundation. #
# #
# We created this package for both routine data analysis and academic #
# research and it was publicly released in the hope that it will be #
# useful, but it comes WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OR LIABILITY. #
# Visit our website for more info: https://msberends.github.io/AMR. #
# #
# Visit our website for the full manual and a complete tutorial about #
# how to conduct AMR analysis: https://msberends.github.io/AMR/ #
# ==================================================================== #
library(AMR)

10
data-raw/reproduction_of_microorganisms.R
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@ -1,22 +1,26 @@
# ==================================================================== #
# TITLE #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis for R #
# #
# SOURCE #
# https://github.com/msberends/AMR #
# #
# LICENCE #
# (c) 2018-2020 Berends MS, Luz CF et al. #
# Developed at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, in #
# collaboration with non-profit organisations Certe Medical #
# Diagnostics & Advice, and University Medical Center Groningen. #
# #
# This R package is free software; you can freely use and distribute #
# it for both personal and commercial purposes under the terms of the #
# GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GNU GPL-2), as published by #
# the Free Software Foundation. #
# #
# We created this package for both routine data analysis and academic #
# research and it was publicly released in the hope that it will be #
# useful, but it comes WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OR LIABILITY. #
# Visit our website for more info: https://msberends.github.io/AMR. #
# #
# Visit our website for the full manual and a complete tutorial about #
# how to conduct AMR analysis: https://msberends.github.io/AMR/ #
# ==================================================================== #
# Reproduction of the `microorganisms` data set

10
data-raw/snomed.R
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@ -1,22 +1,26 @@
# ==================================================================== #
# TITLE #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis for R #
# #
# SOURCE #
# https://github.com/msberends/AMR #
# #
# LICENCE #
# (c) 2018-2020 Berends MS, Luz CF et al. #
# Developed at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, in #
# collaboration with non-profit organisations Certe Medical #
# Diagnostics & Advice, and University Medical Center Groningen. #
# #
# This R package is free software; you can freely use and distribute #
# it for both personal and commercial purposes under the terms of the #
# GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GNU GPL-2), as published by #
# the Free Software Foundation. #
# #
# We created this package for both routine data analysis and academic #
# research and it was publicly released in the hope that it will be #
# useful, but it comes WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OR LIABILITY. #
# Visit our website for more info: https://msberends.github.io/AMR. #
# #
# Visit our website for the full manual and a complete tutorial about #
# how to conduct AMR analysis: https://msberends.github.io/AMR/ #
# ==================================================================== #
library(AMR)

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@ -187,13 +187,13 @@
</header><script src="AMR_files/accessible-code-block-0.0.1/empty-anchor.js"></script><div class="row">
</header><script src="AMR_files/header-attrs-2.3/header-attrs.js"></script><script src="AMR_files/accessible-code-block-0.0.1/empty-anchor.js"></script><div class="row">
<div class="col-md-9 contents">
<div class="page-header toc-ignore">
<h1 data-toc-skip>How to conduct AMR analysis</h1>
<h4 class="author">Matthijs S. Berends</h4>
<h4 class="date">30 September 2020</h4>
<h4 class="date">08 October 2020</h4>
<small class="dont-index">Source: <a href="https://github.com/msberends/AMR/blob/master/vignettes/AMR.Rmd"><code>vignettes/AMR.Rmd</code></a></small>
<div class="hidden name"><code>AMR.Rmd</code></div>
@ -202,7 +202,7 @@
<p><strong>Note:</strong> values on this page will change with every website update since they are based on randomly created values and the page was written in <a href="https://rmarkdown.rstudio.com/">R Markdown</a>. However, the methodology remains unchanged. This page was generated on 30 September 2020.</p>
<p><strong>Note:</strong> values on this page will change with every website update since they are based on randomly created values and the page was written in <a href="https://rmarkdown.rstudio.com/">R Markdown</a>. However, the methodology remains unchanged. This page was generated on 08 October 2020.</p>
<div id="introduction" class="section level1">
<h1 class="hasAnchor">
<a href="#introduction" class="anchor"></a>Introduction</h1>
@ -233,21 +233,21 @@
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td align="center">2020-09-30</td>
<td align="center">2020-10-08</td>
<td align="center">abcd</td>
<td align="center">Escherichia coli</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td align="center">2020-09-30</td>
<td align="center">2020-10-08</td>
<td align="center">abcd</td>
<td align="center">Escherichia coli</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td align="center">2020-09-30</td>
<td align="center">2020-10-08</td>
<td align="center">efgh</td>
<td align="center">Escherichia coli</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
@ -361,69 +361,69 @@
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td align="center">2016-08-26</td>
<td align="center">P9</td>
<td align="center">Hospital C</td>
<td align="center">Escherichia coli</td>
<td align="center">I</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">F</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td align="center">2016-09-24</td>
<td align="center">T6</td>
<td align="center">Hospital B</td>
<td align="center">Escherichia coli</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">I</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">F</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td align="center">2017-04-02</td>
<td align="center">X1</td>
<td align="center">Hospital D</td>
<td align="center">Klebsiella pneumoniae</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">F</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td align="center">2016-12-13</td>
<td align="center">F1</td>
<td align="center">2014-02-15</td>
<td align="center">Y9</td>
<td align="center">Hospital A</td>
<td align="center">Escherichia coli</td>
<td align="center">Streptococcus pneumoniae</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">F</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td align="center">2012-05-11</td>
<td align="center">J4</td>
<td align="center">Hospital C</td>
<td align="center">Klebsiella pneumoniae</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">M</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td align="center">2012-02-05</td>
<td align="center">O8</td>
<td align="center">2013-06-10</td>
<td align="center">J1</td>
<td align="center">Hospital B</td>
<td align="center">Staphylococcus aureus</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">M</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td align="center">2013-02-02</td>
<td align="center">U4</td>
<td align="center">Hospital B</td>
<td align="center">Escherichia coli</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">F</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td align="center">2015-12-04</td>
<td align="center">S10</td>
<td align="center">Hospital A</td>
<td align="center">Streptococcus pneumoniae</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">F</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td align="center">2017-06-17</td>
<td align="center">K1</td>
<td align="center">2016-09-17</td>
<td align="center">G2</td>
<td align="center">Hospital B</td>
<td align="center">Streptococcus pneumoniae</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">Escherichia coli</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">M</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
@ -459,16 +459,16 @@ Longest: 1</p>
<tr class="odd">
<td align="left">1</td>
<td align="left">M</td>
<td align="right">10,232</td>
<td align="right">51.16%</td>
<td align="right">10,232</td>
<td align="right">51.16%</td>
<td align="right">10,310</td>
<td align="right">51.55%</td>
<td align="right">10,310</td>
<td align="right">51.55%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td align="left">2</td>
<td align="left">F</td>
<td align="right">9,768</td>
<td align="right">48.84%</td>
<td align="right">9,690</td>
<td align="right">48.45%</td>
<td align="right">20,000</td>
<td align="right">100.00%</td>
</tr>
@ -485,7 +485,7 @@ Longest: 1</p>
<span class="kw">data</span> <span class="op">&lt;-</span> <span class="kw">data</span> <span class="op">%&gt;%</span>
<span class="fu"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/mutate_all.html">mutate_at</a></span>(<span class="fu"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/vars.html">vars</a></span>(<span class="kw">AMX</span><span class="op">:</span><span class="kw">GEN</span>), <span class="kw">as.rsi</span>)
</pre></div>
<p>Finally, we will apply <a href="http://www.eucast.org/expert_rules_and_intrinsic_resistance/">EUCAST rules</a> on our antimicrobial results. In Europe, most medical microbiological laboratories already apply these rules. Our package features their latest insights on intrinsic resistance and exceptional phenotypes. Moreover, the <code><a href="../reference/eucast_rules.html">eucast_rules()</a></code> function can also apply additional rules, like forcing <help title="ATC: J01CA01">ampicillin</help> = R when <help title="ATC: J01CR02">amoxicillin/clavulanic acid</help> = R.</p>
<p>Finally, we will apply <a href="https://www.eucast.org/expert_rules_and_intrinsic_resistance/">EUCAST rules</a> on our antimicrobial results. In Europe, most medical microbiological laboratories already apply these rules. Our package features their latest insights on intrinsic resistance and exceptional phenotypes. Moreover, the <code><a href="../reference/eucast_rules.html">eucast_rules()</a></code> function can also apply additional rules, like forcing <help title="ATC: J01CA01">ampicillin</help> = R when <help title="ATC: J01CR02">amoxicillin/clavulanic acid</help> = R.</p>
<p>Because the amoxicillin (column <code>AMX</code>) and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (column <code>AMC</code>) in our data were generated randomly, some rows will undoubtedly contain AMX = S and AMC = R, which is technically impossible. The <code><a href="../reference/eucast_rules.html">eucast_rules()</a></code> fixes this:</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb13"><pre class="downlit">
<span class="kw">data</span> <span class="op">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu"><a href="../reference/eucast_rules.html">eucast_rules</a></span>(<span class="kw">data</span>, col_mo = <span class="st">"bacteria"</span>, rules = <span class="st">"all"</span>)
@ -506,7 +506,7 @@ Longest: 1</p>
<h2 class="hasAnchor">
<a href="#first-isolates" class="anchor"></a>First isolates</h2>
<p>We also need to know which isolates we can <em>actually</em> use for analysis.</p>
<p>To conduct an analysis of antimicrobial resistance, you must <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17304462">only include the first isolate of every patient per episode</a> (Hindler <em>et al.</em>, Clin Infect Dis. 2007). If you would not do this, you could easily get an overestimate or underestimate of the resistance of an antibiotic. Imagine that a patient was admitted with an MRSA and that it was found in 5 different blood cultures the following weeks (yes, some countries like the Netherlands have these blood drawing policies). The resistance percentage of oxacillin of all isolates would be overestimated, because you included this MRSA more than once. It would clearly be <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selection_bias">selection bias</a>.</p>
<p>To conduct an analysis of antimicrobial resistance, you must <a href="https:/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17304462/">only include the first isolate of every patient per episode</a> (Hindler <em>et al.</em>, Clin Infect Dis. 2007). If you would not do this, you could easily get an overestimate or underestimate of the resistance of an antibiotic. Imagine that a patient was admitted with an MRSA and that it was found in 5 different blood cultures the following weeks (yes, some countries like the Netherlands have these blood drawing policies). The resistance percentage of oxacillin of all isolates would be overestimated, because you included this MRSA more than once. It would clearly be <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selection_bias">selection bias</a>.</p>
<p>The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) appoints this as follows:</p>
<blockquote>
<p><em>(…) When preparing a cumulative antibiogram to guide clinical decisions about empirical antimicrobial therapy of initial infections, <strong>only the first isolate of a given species per patient, per analysis period (eg, one year) should be included, irrespective of body site, antimicrobial susceptibility profile, or other phenotypical characteristics (eg, biotype)</strong>. The first isolate is easily identified, and cumulative antimicrobial susceptibility test data prepared using the first isolate are generally comparable to cumulative antimicrobial susceptibility test data calculated by other methods, providing duplicate isolates are excluded.</em> <br><a href="https://clsi.org/standards/products/microbiology/documents/m39/">M39-A4 Analysis and Presentation of Cumulative Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test Data, 4th Edition. CLSI, 2014. Chapter 6.4</a></p>
@ -533,7 +533,7 @@ Longest: 1</p>
<div id="first-weighted-isolates" class="section level2">
<h2 class="hasAnchor">
<a href="#first-weighted-isolates" class="anchor"></a>First <em>weighted</em> isolates</h2>
<p>We made a slight twist to the CLSI algorithm, to take into account the antimicrobial susceptibility profile. Have a look at all isolates of patient Z5, sorted on date:</p>
<p>We made a slight twist to the CLSI algorithm, to take into account the antimicrobial susceptibility profile. Have a look at all isolates of patient T8, sorted on date:</p>
<table class="table">
<thead><tr class="header">
<th align="center">isolate</th>
@ -549,74 +549,74 @@ Longest: 1</p>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td align="center">1</td>
<td align="center">2010-02-11</td>
<td align="center">Z5</td>
<td align="center">2010-04-04</td>
<td align="center">T8</td>
<td align="center">B_ESCHR_COLI</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">TRUE</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td align="center">2</td>
<td align="center">2010-04-11</td>
<td align="center">Z5</td>
<td align="center">2010-10-03</td>
<td align="center">T8</td>
<td align="center">B_ESCHR_COLI</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">FALSE</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td align="center">3</td>
<td align="center">2010-05-31</td>
<td align="center">Z5</td>
<td align="center">2010-10-19</td>
<td align="center">T8</td>
<td align="center">B_ESCHR_COLI</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">I</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">FALSE</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td align="center">4</td>
<td align="center">2011-03-29</td>
<td align="center">Z5</td>
<td align="center">2011-01-12</td>
<td align="center">T8</td>
<td align="center">B_ESCHR_COLI</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">TRUE</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">FALSE</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td align="center">5</td>
<td align="center">2011-04-23</td>
<td align="center">Z5</td>
<td align="center">2011-02-03</td>
<td align="center">T8</td>
<td align="center">B_ESCHR_COLI</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">FALSE</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td align="center">6</td>
<td align="center">2011-05-06</td>
<td align="center">Z5</td>
<td align="center">2011-04-04</td>
<td align="center">T8</td>
<td align="center">B_ESCHR_COLI</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">FALSE</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">TRUE</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td align="center">7</td>
<td align="center">2011-09-05</td>
<td align="center">Z5</td>
<td align="center">2011-05-23</td>
<td align="center">T8</td>
<td align="center">B_ESCHR_COLI</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
@ -626,19 +626,19 @@ Longest: 1</p>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td align="center">8</td>
<td align="center">2011-09-29</td>
<td align="center">Z5</td>
<td align="center">2011-06-09</td>
<td align="center">T8</td>
<td align="center">B_ESCHR_COLI</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">FALSE</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td align="center">9</td>
<td align="center">2011-11-16</td>
<td align="center">Z5</td>
<td align="center">2011-07-02</td>
<td align="center">T8</td>
<td align="center">B_ESCHR_COLI</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
@ -648,13 +648,13 @@ Longest: 1</p>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td align="center">10</td>
<td align="center">2011-11-26</td>
<td align="center">Z5</td>
<td align="center">2011-12-05</td>
<td align="center">T8</td>
<td align="center">B_ESCHR_COLI</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">FALSE</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
@ -687,133 +687,133 @@ Longest: 1</p>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td align="center">1</td>
<td align="center">2010-02-11</td>
<td align="center">Z5</td>
<td align="center">2010-04-04</td>
<td align="center">T8</td>
<td align="center">B_ESCHR_COLI</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">TRUE</td>
<td align="center">TRUE</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td align="center">2</td>
<td align="center">2010-04-11</td>
<td align="center">Z5</td>
<td align="center">2010-10-03</td>
<td align="center">T8</td>
<td align="center">B_ESCHR_COLI</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">FALSE</td>
<td align="center">TRUE</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td align="center">3</td>
<td align="center">2010-05-31</td>
<td align="center">Z5</td>
<td align="center">2010-10-19</td>
<td align="center">T8</td>
<td align="center">B_ESCHR_COLI</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">I</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">FALSE</td>
<td align="center">TRUE</td>
<td align="center">FALSE</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td align="center">4</td>
<td align="center">2011-03-29</td>
<td align="center">Z5</td>
<td align="center">2011-01-12</td>
<td align="center">T8</td>
<td align="center">B_ESCHR_COLI</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">TRUE</td>
<td align="center">TRUE</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">FALSE</td>
<td align="center">FALSE</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td align="center">5</td>
<td align="center">2011-04-23</td>
<td align="center">Z5</td>
<td align="center">2011-02-03</td>
<td align="center">T8</td>
<td align="center">B_ESCHR_COLI</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">FALSE</td>
<td align="center">TRUE</td>
<td align="center">FALSE</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td align="center">6</td>
<td align="center">2011-05-06</td>
<td align="center">Z5</td>
<td align="center">2011-04-04</td>
<td align="center">T8</td>
<td align="center">B_ESCHR_COLI</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">FALSE</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">TRUE</td>
<td align="center">TRUE</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td align="center">7</td>
<td align="center">2011-09-05</td>
<td align="center">Z5</td>
<td align="center">2011-05-23</td>
<td align="center">T8</td>
<td align="center">B_ESCHR_COLI</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">FALSE</td>
<td align="center">TRUE</td>
<td align="center">FALSE</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td align="center">8</td>
<td align="center">2011-09-29</td>
<td align="center">Z5</td>
<td align="center">2011-06-09</td>
<td align="center">T8</td>
<td align="center">B_ESCHR_COLI</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">FALSE</td>
<td align="center">TRUE</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td align="center">9</td>
<td align="center">2011-11-16</td>
<td align="center">Z5</td>
<td align="center">2011-07-02</td>
<td align="center">T8</td>
<td align="center">B_ESCHR_COLI</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">FALSE</td>
<td align="center">TRUE</td>
<td align="center">FALSE</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td align="center">10</td>
<td align="center">2011-11-26</td>
<td align="center">Z5</td>
<td align="center">2011-12-05</td>
<td align="center">T8</td>
<td align="center">B_ESCHR_COLI</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">FALSE</td>
<td align="center">FALSE</td>
<td align="center">TRUE</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Instead of 2, now 10 isolates are flagged. In total, 78.6% of all isolates are marked ‘first weighted’ - 50.1% more than when using the CLSI guideline. In real life, this novel algorithm will yield 5-10% more isolates than the classic CLSI guideline.</p>
<p>Instead of 2, now 4 isolates are flagged. In total, 78.7% of all isolates are marked ‘first weighted’ - 50.2% more than when using the CLSI guideline. In real life, this novel algorithm will yield 5-10% more isolates than the classic CLSI guideline.</p>
<p>As with <code><a href="../reference/first_isolate.html">filter_first_isolate()</a></code>, there’s a shortcut for this new algorithm too:</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb19"><pre class="downlit">
<span class="kw">data_1st</span> <span class="op">&lt;-</span> <span class="kw">data</span> <span class="op">%&gt;%</span>
<span class="fu"><a href="../reference/first_isolate.html">filter_first_weighted_isolate</a></span>()
</pre></div>
<p>So we end up with 15,718 isolates for analysis.</p>
<p>So we end up with 15,741 isolates for analysis.</p>
<p>We can remove unneeded columns:</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb20"><pre class="downlit">
<span class="kw">data_1st</span> <span class="op">&lt;-</span> <span class="kw">data_1st</span> <span class="op">%&gt;%</span>
@ -836,7 +836,7 @@ Longest: 1</p>
<col width="3%">
<col width="5%">
<col width="10%">
<col width="11%">
<col width="10%">
<col width="8%">
<col width="11%">
</colgroup>
@ -859,98 +859,98 @@ Longest: 1</p>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td align="left">1</td>
<td align="center">2016-08-26</td>
<td align="center">P9</td>
<td align="center">Hospital C</td>
<td align="center">B_ESCHR_COLI</td>
<td align="center">I</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">F</td>
<td align="center">Gram-negative</td>
<td align="center">Escherichia</td>
<td align="center">coli</td>
<td align="center">TRUE</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td align="left">2</td>
<td align="center">2016-09-24</td>
<td align="center">T6</td>
<td align="center">Hospital B</td>
<td align="center">B_ESCHR_COLI</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">F</td>
<td align="center">Gram-negative</td>
<td align="center">Escherichia</td>
<td align="center">coli</td>
<td align="center">TRUE</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td align="left">4</td>
<td align="center">2016-12-13</td>
<td align="center">F1</td>
<td align="center">2014-02-15</td>
<td align="center">Y9</td>
<td align="center">Hospital A</td>
<td align="center">B_ESCHR_COLI</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">M</td>
<td align="center">Gram-negative</td>
<td align="center">Escherichia</td>
<td align="center">coli</td>
<td align="center">TRUE</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td align="left">6</td>
<td align="center">2017-06-17</td>
<td align="center">K1</td>
<td align="center">Hospital B</td>
<td align="center">B_STRPT_PNMN</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">F</td>
<td align="center">Gram-positive</td>
<td align="center">Streptococcus</td>
<td align="center">pneumoniae</td>
<td align="center">TRUE</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td align="left">2</td>
<td align="center">2012-05-11</td>
<td align="center">J4</td>
<td align="center">Hospital C</td>
<td align="center">B_KLBSL_PNMN</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">M</td>
<td align="center">Gram-negative</td>
<td align="center">Klebsiella</td>
<td align="center">pneumoniae</td>
<td align="center">TRUE</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td align="left">4</td>
<td align="center">2013-02-02</td>
<td align="center">U4</td>
<td align="center">Hospital B</td>
<td align="center">B_ESCHR_COLI</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">F</td>
<td align="center">Gram-negative</td>
<td align="center">Escherichia</td>
<td align="center">coli</td>
<td align="center">TRUE</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td align="left">5</td>
<td align="center">2015-12-04</td>
<td align="center">S10</td>
<td align="center">Hospital A</td>
<td align="center">B_STRPT_PNMN</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">F</td>
<td align="center">Gram-positive</td>
<td align="center">Streptococcus</td>
<td align="center">pneumoniae</td>
<td align="center">TRUE</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td align="left">8</td>
<td align="center">2011-02-20</td>
<td align="center">V8</td>
<td align="center">Hospital D</td>
<td align="left">6</td>
<td align="center">2016-09-17</td>
<td align="center">G2</td>
<td align="center">Hospital B</td>
<td align="center">B_ESCHR_COLI</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">F</td>
<td align="center">M</td>
<td align="center">Gram-negative</td>
<td align="center">Escherichia</td>
<td align="center">coli</td>
<td align="center">TRUE</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td align="left">9</td>
<td align="center">2016-09-22</td>
<td align="center">D3</td>
<td align="left">7</td>
<td align="center">2012-06-30</td>
<td align="center">V5</td>
<td align="center">Hospital A</td>
<td align="center">B_STPHY_AURS</td>
<td align="center">B_ESCHR_COLI</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">M</td>
<td align="center">Gram-positive</td>
<td align="center">Staphylococcus</td>
<td align="center">aureus</td>
<td align="center">F</td>
<td align="center">Gram-negative</td>
<td align="center">Escherichia</td>
<td align="center">coli</td>
<td align="center">TRUE</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
@ -976,8 +976,8 @@ Longest: 1</p>
</pre></div>
<p><strong>Frequency table</strong></p>
<p>Class: character<br>
Length: 15,718<br>
Available: 15,718 (100%, NA: 0 = 0%)<br>
Length: 15,741<br>
Available: 15,741 (100%, NA: 0 = 0%)<br>
Unique: 4</p>
<p>Shortest: 16<br>
Longest: 24</p>
@ -994,33 +994,33 @@ Longest: 24</p>
<tr class="odd">
<td align="left">1</td>
<td align="left">Escherichia coli</td>
<td align="right">7,841</td>
<td align="right">49.89%</td>
<td align="right">7,841</td>
<td align="right">49.89%</td>
<td align="right">7,868</td>
<td align="right">49.98%</td>
<td align="right">7,868</td>
<td align="right">49.98%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td align="left">2</td>
<td align="left">Staphylococcus aureus</td>
<td align="right">3,956</td>
<td align="right">25.17%</td>
<td align="right">11,797</td>
<td align="right">75.05%</td>
<td align="right">3,927</td>
<td align="right">24.95%</td>
<td align="right">11,795</td>
<td align="right">74.93%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td align="left">3</td>
<td align="left">Streptococcus pneumoniae</td>
<td align="right">2,346</td>
<td align="right">14.93%</td>
<td align="right">14,143</td>
<td align="right">89.98%</td>
<td align="right">2,394</td>
<td align="right">15.21%</td>
<td align="right">14,189</td>
<td align="right">90.14%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td align="left">4</td>
<td align="left">Klebsiella pneumoniae</td>
<td align="right">1,575</td>
<td align="right">10.02%</td>
<td align="right">15,718</td>
<td align="right">1,552</td>
<td align="right">9.86%</td>
<td align="right">15,741</td>
<td align="right">100.00%</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
@ -1049,50 +1049,50 @@ Longest: 24</p>
<tr class="odd">
<td align="center">E. coli</td>
<td align="center">AMX</td>
<td align="center">3793</td>
<td align="center">242</td>
<td align="center">3806</td>
<td align="center">7841</td>
<td align="center">3823</td>
<td align="center">237</td>
<td align="center">3808</td>
<td align="center">7868</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td align="center">E. coli</td>
<td align="center">AMC</td>
<td align="center">6205</td>
<td align="center">301</td>
<td align="center">1335</td>
<td align="center">7841</td>
<td align="center">6210</td>
<td align="center">315</td>
<td align="center">1343</td>
<td align="center">7868</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td align="center">E. coli</td>
<td align="center">CIP</td>
<td align="center">5980</td>
<td align="center">5984</td>
<td align="center">0</td>
<td align="center">1861</td>
<td align="center">7841</td>
<td align="center">1884</td>
<td align="center">7868</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td align="center">E. coli</td>
<td align="center">GEN</td>
<td align="center">7075</td>
<td align="center">7078</td>
<td align="center">0</td>
<td align="center">766</td>
<td align="center">7841</td>
<td align="center">790</td>
<td align="center">7868</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td align="center">K. pneumoniae</td>
<td align="center">AMX</td>
<td align="center">0</td>
<td align="center">0</td>
<td align="center">1575</td>
<td align="center">1575</td>
<td align="center">1552</td>
<td align="center">1552</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td align="center">K. pneumoniae</td>
<td align="center">AMC</td>
<td align="center">1217</td>
<td align="center">77</td>
<td align="center">281</td>
<td align="center">1575</td>
<td align="center">1198</td>
<td align="center">63</td>
<td align="center">291</td>
<td align="center">1552</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
@ -1117,34 +1117,34 @@ Longest: 24</p>
<tr class="odd">
<td align="center">E. coli</td>
<td align="center">CIP</td>
<td align="center">5980</td>
<td align="center">5984</td>
<td align="center">0</td>
<td align="center">1861</td>
<td align="center">7841</td>
<td align="center">1884</td>
<td align="center">7868</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td align="center">K. pneumoniae</td>
<td align="center">CIP</td>
<td align="center">1207</td>
<td align="center">1176</td>
<td align="center">0</td>
<td align="center">368</td>
<td align="center">1575</td>
<td align="center">376</td>
<td align="center">1552</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td align="center">S. aureus</td>
<td align="center">CIP</td>
<td align="center">2971</td>
<td align="center">3037</td>
<td align="center">0</td>
<td align="center">985</td>
<td align="center">3956</td>
<td align="center">890</td>
<td align="center">3927</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td align="center">S. pneumoniae</td>
<td align="center">CIP</td>
<td align="center">1790</td>
<td align="center">1852</td>
<td align="center">0</td>
<td align="center">556</td>
<td align="center">2346</td>
<td align="center">542</td>
<td align="center">2394</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
@ -1157,7 +1157,7 @@ Longest: 24</p>
<p>As per the EUCAST guideline of 2019, we calculate resistance as the proportion of R (<code><a href="../reference/proportion.html">proportion_R()</a></code>, equal to <code><a href="../reference/proportion.html">resistance()</a></code>) and susceptibility as the proportion of S and I (<code><a href="../reference/proportion.html">proportion_SI()</a></code>, equal to <code><a href="../reference/proportion.html">susceptibility()</a></code>). These functions can be used on their own:</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb28"><pre class="downlit">
<span class="kw">data_1st</span> <span class="op">%&gt;%</span> <span class="fu"><a href="../reference/proportion.html">resistance</a></span>(<span class="kw">AMX</span>)
<span class="co"># [1] 0.5318107</span>
<span class="co"># [1] 0.531923</span>
</pre></div>
<p>Or can be used in conjuction with <code><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/group_by.html">group_by()</a></code> and <code><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/reference/summarise.html">summarise()</a></code>, both from the <code>dplyr</code> package:</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb29"><pre class="downlit">
@ -1174,19 +1174,19 @@ Longest: 24</p>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td align="center">Hospital A</td>
<td align="center">0.5401506</td>
<td align="center">0.5240989</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td align="center">Hospital B</td>
<td align="center">0.5244014</td>
<td align="center">0.5326633</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td align="center">Hospital C</td>
<td align="center">0.5256917</td>
<td align="center">0.5554161</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td align="center">Hospital D</td>
<td align="center">0.5363864</td>
<td align="center">0.5248050</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
@ -1207,23 +1207,23 @@ Longest: 24</p>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td align="center">Hospital A</td>
<td align="center">0.5401506</td>
<td align="center">4782</td>
<td align="center">0.5240989</td>
<td align="center">4772</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td align="center">Hospital B</td>
<td align="center">0.5244014</td>
<td align="center">5471</td>
<td align="center">0.5326633</td>
<td align="center">5373</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td align="center">Hospital C</td>
<td align="center">0.5256917</td>
<td align="center">2277</td>
<td align="center">0.5554161</td>
<td align="center">2391</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td align="center">Hospital D</td>
<td align="center">0.5363864</td>
<td align="center">3188</td>
<td align="center">0.5248050</td>
<td align="center">3205</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
@ -1246,27 +1246,27 @@ Longest: 24</p>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td align="center">Escherichia</td>
<td align="center">0.8297411</td>
<td align="center">0.9023084</td>
<td align="center">0.9858436</td>
<td align="center">0.8293086</td>
<td align="center">0.8995933</td>
<td align="center">0.9874174</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td align="center">Klebsiella</td>
<td align="center">0.8215873</td>
<td align="center">0.9060317</td>
<td align="center">0.9879365</td>
<td align="center">0.8125000</td>
<td align="center">0.9085052</td>
<td align="center">0.9832474</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td align="center">Staphylococcus</td>
<td align="center">0.8276036</td>
<td align="center">0.9160768</td>
<td align="center">0.9848332</td>
<td align="center">0.8245480</td>
<td align="center">0.9238605</td>
<td align="center">0.9870130</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td align="center">Streptococcus</td>
<td align="center">0.5392157</td>
<td align="center">0.5459482</td>
<td align="center">0.0000000</td>
<td align="center">0.5392157</td>
<td align="center">0.5459482</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

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@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
// Pandoc 2.9 adds attributes on both header and div. We remove the former (to
// be compatible with the behavior of Pandoc < 2.8).
document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function(e) {
var hs = document.querySelectorAll("div.section[class*='level'] > :first-child");
var i, h, a;
for (i = 0; i < hs.length; i++) {
h = hs[i];
if (!/^h[1-6]$/i.test(h.tagName)) continue; // it should be a header h1-h6
a = h.attributes;
while (a.length > 0) h.removeAttribute(a[0].name);
}
});

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@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
</button>
<span class="navbar-brand">
<a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">AMR (for R)</a>
<span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Latest development version">1.3.0.9039</span>
<span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Latest development version">1.4.0</span>
</span>
</div>
@ -187,7 +187,7 @@
</header><script src="EUCAST_files/accessible-code-block-0.0.1/empty-anchor.js"></script><div class="row">
</header><script src="EUCAST_files/header-attrs-2.3/header-attrs.js"></script><script src="EUCAST_files/accessible-code-block-0.0.1/empty-anchor.js"></script><div class="row">
<div class="col-md-9 contents">
<div class="page-header toc-ignore">
<h1 data-toc-skip>How to apply EUCAST rules</h1>
@ -203,7 +203,7 @@
<div id="introduction" class="section level2">
<h2 class="hasAnchor">
<a href="#introduction" class="anchor"></a>Introduction</h2>
<p>What are EUCAST rules? The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) states <a href="http://www.eucast.org/expert_rules_and_intrinsic_resistance/">on their website</a>:</p>
<p>What are EUCAST rules? The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) states <a href="https://www.eucast.org/expert_rules_and_intrinsic_resistance/">on their website</a>:</p>
<blockquote>
<p><em>EUCAST expert rules are a tabulated collection of expert knowledge on intrinsic resistances, exceptional resistance phenotypes and interpretive rules that may be applied to antimicrobial susceptibility testing in order to reduce errors and make appropriate recommendations for reporting particular resistances.</em></p>
</blockquote>

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@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
// Pandoc 2.9 adds attributes on both header and div. We remove the former (to
// be compatible with the behavior of Pandoc < 2.8).
document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function(e) {
var hs = document.querySelectorAll("div.section[class*='level'] > :first-child");
var i, h, a;
for (i = 0; i < hs.length; i++) {
h = hs[i];
if (!/^h[1-6]$/i.test(h.tagName)) continue; // it should be a header h1-h6
a = h.attributes;
while (a.length > 0) h.removeAttribute(a[0].name);
}
});

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@ -187,7 +187,7 @@
</header><script src="MDR_files/accessible-code-block-0.0.1/empty-anchor.js"></script><div class="row">
</header><script src="MDR_files/header-attrs-2.3/header-attrs.js"></script><script src="MDR_files/accessible-code-block-0.0.1/empty-anchor.js"></script><div class="row">
<div class="col-md-9 contents">
<div class="page-header toc-ignore">
<h1 data-toc-skip>How to determine multi-drug resistance (MDR)</h1>
@ -218,7 +218,7 @@
</li>
<li>
<p><code>guideline = "EUCAST"</code></p>
<p>The European international guideline - EUCAST Expert Rules Version 3.1 “Intrinsic Resistance and Exceptional Phenotypes Tables” (<a href="http://www.eucast.org/fileadmin/src/media/PDFs/EUCAST_files/Expert_Rules/Expert_rules_intrinsic_exceptional_V3.1.pdf">link</a>)</p>
<p>The European international guideline - EUCAST Expert Rules Version 3.1 “Intrinsic Resistance and Exceptional Phenotypes Tables” (<a href="https://www.eucast.org/fileadmin/src/media/PDFs/EUCAST_files/Expert_Rules/Expert_rules_intrinsic_exceptional_V3.1.pdf">link</a>)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>guideline = "TB"</code></p>
@ -317,19 +317,19 @@ Unique: 2</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb5"><pre class="downlit">
<span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/utils/head.html">head</a></span>(<span class="kw">my_TB_data</span>)
<span class="co"># rifampicin isoniazid gatifloxacin ethambutol pyrazinamide moxifloxacin</span>
<span class="co"># 1 I R S R R S</span>
<span class="co"># 2 R R S S S R</span>
<span class="co"># 3 S S R S S S</span>
<span class="co"># 4 R R R S R R</span>
<span class="co"># 5 S R S R R S</span>
<span class="co"># 6 S S R R R S</span>
<span class="co"># 1 R S S R S I</span>
<span class="co"># 2 I S S S I R</span>
<span class="co"># 3 R R R R R R</span>
<span class="co"># 4 R I S R S S</span>
<span class="co"># 5 S S I S S R</span>
<span class="co"># 6 S S S R S S</span>
<span class="co"># kanamycin</span>
<span class="co"># 1 I</span>
<span class="co"># 2 R</span>
<span class="co"># 1 R</span>
<span class="co"># 2 S</span>
<span class="co"># 3 R</span>
<span class="co"># 4 R</span>
<span class="co"># 5 R</span>
<span class="co"># 6 S</span>
<span class="co"># 5 S</span>
<span class="co"># 6 R</span>
</pre></div>
<p>We can now add the interpretation of MDR-TB to our data set. You can use:</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb6"><pre class="downlit">
@ -363,40 +363,40 @@ Unique: 5</p>
<tr class="odd">
<td align="left">1</td>
<td align="left">Mono-resistant</td>
<td align="right">3235</td>
<td align="right">64.70%</td>
<td align="right">3235</td>
<td align="right">64.70%</td>
<td align="right">3225</td>
<td align="right">64.50%</td>
<td align="right">3225</td>
<td align="right">64.50%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td align="left">2</td>
<td align="left">Negative</td>
<td align="right">657</td>
<td align="right">13.14%</td>
<td align="right">3892</td>
<td align="right">77.84%</td>
<td align="right">698</td>
<td align="right">13.96%</td>
<td align="right">3923</td>
<td align="right">78.46%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td align="left">3</td>
<td align="left">Multi-drug-resistant</td>
<td align="right">595</td>
<td align="right">11.90%</td>
<td align="right">4487</td>
<td align="right">89.74%</td>
<td align="right">581</td>
<td align="right">11.62%</td>
<td align="right">4504</td>
<td align="right">90.08%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td align="left">4</td>
<td align="left">Poly-resistant</td>
<td align="right">306</td>
<td align="right">6.12%</td>
<td align="right">4793</td>
<td align="right">95.86%</td>
<td align="right">298</td>
<td align="right">5.96%</td>
<td align="right">4802</td>
<td align="right">96.04%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td align="left">5</td>
<td align="left">Extensively drug-resistant</td>
<td align="right">207</td>
<td align="right">4.14%</td>
<td align="right">198</td>
<td align="right">3.96%</td>
<td align="right">5000</td>
<td align="right">100.00%</td>
</tr>

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@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
// Pandoc 2.9 adds attributes on both header and div. We remove the former (to
// be compatible with the behavior of Pandoc < 2.8).
document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function(e) {
var hs = document.querySelectorAll("div.section[class*='level'] > :first-child");
var i, h, a;
for (i = 0; i < hs.length; i++) {
h = hs[i];
if (!/^h[1-6]$/i.test(h.tagName)) continue; // it should be a header h1-h6
a = h.attributes;
while (a.length > 0) h.removeAttribute(a[0].name);
}
});

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@ -187,7 +187,7 @@
</header><script src="PCA_files/accessible-code-block-0.0.1/empty-anchor.js"></script><div class="row">
</header><script src="PCA_files/header-attrs-2.3/header-attrs.js"></script><script src="PCA_files/accessible-code-block-0.0.1/empty-anchor.js"></script><div class="row">
<div class="col-md-9 contents">
<div class="page-header toc-ignore">
<h1 data-toc-skip>How to conduct principal component analysis (PCA) for AMR</h1>

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@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
// Pandoc 2.9 adds attributes on both header and div. We remove the former (to
// be compatible with the behavior of Pandoc < 2.8).
document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function(e) {
var hs = document.querySelectorAll("div.section[class*='level'] > :first-child");
var i, h, a;
for (i = 0; i < hs.length; i++) {
h = hs[i];
if (!/^h[1-6]$/i.test(h.tagName)) continue; // it should be a header h1-h6
a = h.attributes;
while (a.length > 0) h.removeAttribute(a[0].name);
}
});

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@ -187,13 +187,13 @@
</header><script src="SPSS_files/accessible-code-block-0.0.1/empty-anchor.js"></script><div class="row">
</header><script src="SPSS_files/header-attrs-2.3/header-attrs.js"></script><script src="SPSS_files/accessible-code-block-0.0.1/empty-anchor.js"></script><div class="row">
<div class="col-md-9 contents">
<div class="page-header toc-ignore">
<h1 data-toc-skip>How to import data from SPSS / SAS / Stata</h1>
<h4 class="author">Matthijs S. Berends</h4>
<h4 class="date">30 September 2020</h4>
<h4 class="date">08 October 2020</h4>
<small class="dont-index">Source: <a href="https://github.com/msberends/AMR/blob/master/vignettes/SPSS.Rmd"><code>vignettes/SPSS.Rmd</code></a></small>
<div class="hidden name"><code>SPSS.Rmd</code></div>

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@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
// Pandoc 2.9 adds attributes on both header and div. We remove the former (to
// be compatible with the behavior of Pandoc < 2.8).
document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function(e) {
var hs = document.querySelectorAll("div.section[class*='level'] > :first-child");
var i, h, a;
for (i = 0; i < hs.length; i++) {
h = hs[i];
if (!/^h[1-6]$/i.test(h.tagName)) continue; // it should be a header h1-h6
a = h.attributes;
while (a.length > 0) h.removeAttribute(a[0].name);
}
});

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@ -187,7 +187,7 @@
</header><script src="WHONET_files/accessible-code-block-0.0.1/empty-anchor.js"></script><div class="row">
</header><script src="WHONET_files/header-attrs-2.3/header-attrs.js"></script><script src="WHONET_files/accessible-code-block-0.0.1/empty-anchor.js"></script><div class="row">
<div class="col-md-9 contents">
<div class="page-header toc-ignore">
<h1 data-toc-skip>How to work with WHONET data</h1>

12
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@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
// Pandoc 2.9 adds attributes on both header and div. We remove the former (to
// be compatible with the behavior of Pandoc < 2.8).
document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function(e) {
var hs = document.querySelectorAll("div.section[class*='level'] > :first-child");
var i, h, a;
for (i = 0; i < hs.length; i++) {
h = hs[i];
if (!/^h[1-6]$/i.test(h.tagName)) continue; // it should be a header h1-h6
a = h.attributes;
while (a.length > 0) h.removeAttribute(a[0].name);
}
});

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@ -187,7 +187,7 @@
</header><script src="benchmarks_files/accessible-code-block-0.0.1/empty-anchor.js"></script><div class="row">
</header><script src="benchmarks_files/header-attrs-2.3/header-attrs.js"></script><script src="benchmarks_files/accessible-code-block-0.0.1/empty-anchor.js"></script><div class="row">
<div class="col-md-9 contents">
<div class="page-header toc-ignore">
<h1 data-toc-skip>Benchmarks</h1>
@ -288,34 +288,20 @@
<span class="co"># Result of one value was guessed with uncertainty. Use mo_uncertainties() to review it.</span>
<span class="fu"><a href="https://docs.ropensci.org/skimr/reference/print.html">print</a></span>(<span class="kw">S.aureus</span>, unit = <span class="st">"ms"</span>, signif = <span class="fl">2</span>)
<span class="co"># Unit: milliseconds</span>
<span class="co"># expr min lq mean median uq max</span>
<span class="co"># as.mo("sau") 13.0 14.0 15.0 14.0 16.0 17.0</span>
<span class="co"># as.mo("stau") 220.0 230.0 250.0 260.0 280.0 280.0</span>
<span class="co"># as.mo("STAU") 220.0 240.0 270.0 250.0 290.0 330.0</span>
<span class="co"># as.mo("staaur") 13.0 14.0 28.0 15.0 44.0 62.0</span>
<span class="co"># as.mo("STAAUR") 11.0 14.0 17.0 14.0 15.0 48.0</span>
<span class="co"># as.mo("S. aureus") 30.0 56.0 56.0 61.0 63.0 66.0</span>
<span class="co"># as.mo("S aureus") 28.0 33.0 48.0 38.0 66.0 77.0</span>
<span class="co"># as.mo("Staphylococcus aureus") 1.7 1.9 2.4 2.5 2.6 3.1</span>
<span class="co"># as.mo("Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)") 860.0 890.0 920.0 910.0 930.0 1000.0</span>
<span class="co"># as.mo("Sthafilokkockus aaureuz") 350.0 370.0 380.0 390.0 390.0 410.0</span>
<span class="co"># as.mo("MRSA") 13.0 15.0 28.0 18.0 42.0 61.0</span>
<span class="co"># as.mo("VISA") 21.0 22.0 31.0 22.0 43.0 52.0</span>
<span class="co"># as.mo("VRSA") 23.0 24.0 39.0 45.0 49.0 55.0</span>
<span class="co"># neval</span>
<span class="co"># 10</span>
<span class="co"># 10</span>
<span class="co"># 10</span>
<span class="co"># 10</span>
<span class="co"># 10</span>
<span class="co"># 10</span>
<span class="co"># 10</span>
<span class="co"># 10</span>
<span class="co"># 10</span>
<span class="co"># 10</span>
<span class="co"># 10</span>
<span class="co"># 10</span>
<span class="co"># 10</span>
<span class="co"># expr min lq mean median uq max neval</span>
<span class="co"># as.mo("sau") 11.0 12.0 25.0 13.0 14.0 130 10</span>
<span class="co"># as.mo("stau") 210.0 230.0 240.0 250.0 250.0 260 10</span>
<span class="co"># as.mo("STAU") 210.0 210.0 240.0 240.0 260.0 270 10</span>
<span class="co"># as.mo("staaur") 12.0 14.0 22.0 14.0 41.0 43 10</span>
<span class="co"># as.mo("STAAUR") 12.0 12.0 19.0 13.0 14.0 47 10</span>
<span class="co"># as.mo("S. aureus") 26.0 28.0 38.0 30.0 58.0 62 10</span>
<span class="co"># as.mo("S aureus") 28.0 29.0 45.0 52.0 56.0 60 10</span>
<span class="co"># as.mo("Staphylococcus aureus") 2.1 2.2 7.9 2.4 2.6 32 10</span>
<span class="co"># as.mo("Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)") 840.0 880.0 890.0 890.0 890.0 930 10</span>
<span class="co"># as.mo("Sthafilokkockus aaureuz") 340.0 370.0 390.0 390.0 410.0 490 10</span>
<span class="co"># as.mo("MRSA") 11.0 12.0 16.0 13.0 14.0 44 10</span>
<span class="co"># as.mo("VISA") 19.0 20.0 32.0 22.0 50.0 51 10</span>
<span class="co"># as.mo("VRSA") 18.0 22.0 24.0 22.0 23.0 46 10</span>
</pre></div>
<p><img src="benchmarks_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-4-1.png" width="562.5"></p>
<p>In the table above, all measurements are shown in milliseconds (thousands of seconds). A value of 5 milliseconds means it can determine 200 input values per second. It case of 100 milliseconds, this is only 10 input values per second. It is clear that accepted taxonomic names are extremely fast, but some variations can take up to 500-1000 times as much time.</p>
@ -345,10 +331,10 @@
times = <span class="fl">10</span>)
<span class="fu"><a href="https://docs.ropensci.org/skimr/reference/print.html">print</a></span>(<span class="kw">run_it</span>, unit = <span class="st">"ms"</span>, signif = <span class="fl">3</span>)
<span class="co"># Unit: milliseconds</span>
<span class="co"># expr min lq mean median uq max neval</span>
<span class="co"># mo_name(x) 99.2 127 145 143 145 243 10</span>
<span class="co"># expr min lq mean median uq max neval</span>
<span class="co"># mo_name(x) 131 161 200 168 187 341 10</span>
</pre></div>
<p>So getting official taxonomic names of 2,000,000 (!!) items consisting of 90 unique values only takes 0.143 seconds. You only lose time on your unique input values.</p>
<p>So getting official taxonomic names of 2,000,000 (!!) items consisting of 90 unique values only takes 0.168 seconds. You only lose time on your unique input values.</p>
</div>
<div id="precalculated-results" class="section level3">
<h3 class="hasAnchor">
@ -372,11 +358,11 @@
<span class="fu"><a href="https://docs.ropensci.org/skimr/reference/print.html">print</a></span>(<span class="kw">run_it</span>, unit = <span class="st">"ms"</span>, signif = <span class="fl">3</span>)
<span class="co"># Unit: milliseconds</span>
<span class="co"># expr min lq mean median uq max neval</span>
<span class="co"># A 7.53 8.50 8.77 8.83 9.14 9.89 10</span>
<span class="co"># B 23.00 24.20 32.40 26.30 28.80 60.10 10</span>
<span class="co"># C 1.91 1.98 2.33 2.30 2.66 2.83 10</span>
<span class="co"># A 6.85 7.05 7.57 7.51 8.05 8.52 10</span>
<span class="co"># B 21.50 21.70 27.40 23.80 25.00 64.70 10</span>
<span class="co"># C 1.75 1.86 1.99 1.93 2.08 2.27 10</span>
</pre></div>
<p>So going from <code><a href="../reference/mo_property.html">mo_name("Staphylococcus aureus")</a></code> to <code>"Staphylococcus aureus"</code> takes 0.0023 seconds - it doesn’t even start calculating <em>if the result would be the same as the expected resulting value</em>. That goes for all helper functions:</p>
<p>So going from <code><a href="../reference/mo_property.html">mo_name("Staphylococcus aureus")</a></code> to <code>"Staphylococcus aureus"</code> takes 0.0019 seconds - it doesn’t even start calculating <em>if the result would be the same as the expected resulting value</em>. That goes for all helper functions:</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb5"><pre class="downlit">
<span class="kw">run_it</span> <span class="op">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu">microbenchmark</span>(A = <span class="fu"><a href="../reference/mo_property.html">mo_species</a></span>(<span class="st">"aureus"</span>),
B = <span class="fu"><a href="../reference/mo_property.html">mo_genus</a></span>(<span class="st">"Staphylococcus"</span>),
@ -389,15 +375,15 @@
times = <span class="fl">10</span>)
<span class="fu"><a href="https://docs.ropensci.org/skimr/reference/print.html">print</a></span>(<span class="kw">run_it</span>, unit = <span class="st">"ms"</span>, signif = <span class="fl">3</span>)
<span class="co"># Unit: milliseconds</span>
<span class="co"># expr min lq mean median uq max neval</span>
<span class="co"># A 1.55 1.74 1.91 1.98 2.06 2.16 10</span>
<span class="co"># B 1.52 1.70 1.95 1.88 2.03 2.62 10</span>
<span class="co"># C 1.61 1.68 6.25 2.04 2.18 44.80 10</span>
<span class="co"># D 1.65 1.71 1.92 1.95 2.02 2.22 10</span>
<span class="co"># E 1.56 1.79 1.92 1.99 2.01 2.14 10</span>
<span class="co"># F 1.62 1.67 1.82 1.78 1.94 2.09 10</span>
<span class="co"># G 1.61 1.70 1.92 1.97 2.01 2.31 10</span>
<span class="co"># H 1.62 1.69 1.83 1.87 1.95 2.01 10</span>
<span class="co"># expr min lq mean median uq max neval</span>
<span class="co"># A 1.38 1.57 1.60 1.61 1.67 1.71 10</span>
<span class="co"># B 1.55 1.60 1.73 1.63 1.92 2.05 10</span>
<span class="co"># C 1.39 1.50 1.70 1.62 1.84 2.39 10</span>
<span class="co"># D 1.32 1.51 1.59 1.57 1.61 2.04 10</span>
<span class="co"># E 1.34 1.40 1.52 1.53 1.65 1.66 10</span>
<span class="co"># F 1.28 1.53 1.56 1.60 1.66 1.72 10</span>
<span class="co"># G 1.30 1.33 1.59 1.61 1.74 1.98 10</span>
<span class="co"># H 1.31 1.45 1.62 1.55 1.70 2.46 10</span>
</pre></div>
<p>Of course, when running <code><a href="../reference/mo_property.html">mo_phylum("Firmicutes")</a></code> the function has zero knowledge about the actual microorganism, namely <em>S. aureus</em>. But since the result would be <code>"Firmicutes"</code> anyway, there is no point in calculating the result. And because this package ‘knows’ all phyla of all known bacteria (according to the Catalogue of Life), it can just return the initial value immediately.</p>
</div>
@ -425,14 +411,14 @@
times = <span class="fl">100</span>)
<span class="fu"><a href="https://docs.ropensci.org/skimr/reference/print.html">print</a></span>(<span class="kw">run_it</span>, unit = <span class="st">"ms"</span>, signif = <span class="fl">4</span>)
<span class="co"># Unit: milliseconds</span>
<span class="co"># expr min lq mean median uq max neval</span>
<span class="co"># en 13.92 14.62 19.73 15.07 17.06 71.77 100</span>
<span class="co"># de 16.83 17.63 22.19 18.10 20.41 58.61 100</span>
<span class="co"># nl 28.71 30.05 35.19 31.64 34.09 69.34 100</span>
<span class="co"># es 16.78 17.61 22.57 18.56 20.21 57.98 100</span>
<span class="co"># it 16.61 17.39 21.59 18.32 20.74 56.86 100</span>
<span class="co"># fr 16.48 17.31 21.96 17.84 20.26 55.84 100</span>
<span class="co"># pt 16.66 17.45 24.03 18.26 20.85 67.60 100</span>
<span class="co"># expr min lq mean median uq max neval</span>
<span class="co"># en 14.00 14.36 18.52 14.64 15.18 57.58 100</span>
<span class="co"># de 17.04 17.33 20.94 17.63 18.49 56.23 100</span>
<span class="co"># nl 28.21 29.20 32.15 30.06 31.02 72.91 100</span>
<span class="co"># es 16.85 17.26 19.83 17.44 17.95 152.20 100</span>
<span class="co"># it 16.58 17.10 19.03 17.43 18.24 54.28 100</span>
<span class="co"># fr 16.71 17.20 21.24 17.52 19.02 63.25 100</span>
<span class="co"># pt 16.76 17.29 23.27 17.62 19.14 65.28 100</span>
</pre></div>
<p>Currently supported are German, Dutch, Spanish, Italian, French and Portuguese.</p>
</div>

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// Pandoc 2.9 adds attributes on both header and div. We remove the former (to
// be compatible with the behavior of Pandoc < 2.8).
document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function(e) {
var hs = document.querySelectorAll("div.section[class*='level'] > :first-child");
var i, h, a;
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h = hs[i];
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</header><script src="datasets_files/accessible-code-block-0.0.1/empty-anchor.js"></script><div class="row">
</header><script src="datasets_files/header-attrs-2.3/header-attrs.js"></script><script src="datasets_files/accessible-code-block-0.0.1/empty-anchor.js"></script><div class="row">
<div class="col-md-9 contents">
<div class="page-header toc-ignore">
<h1 data-toc-skip>Data sets for download / own use</h1>
@ -662,7 +662,7 @@ If you are reading this page from within R, please <a href="https://msberends.gi
<a href="#antiviral-agents" class="anchor"></a>Antiviral agents</h2>
<p>A data set with 102 rows and 9 columns, containing the following column names:<br><em>‘atc’, ‘cid’, ‘name’, ‘atc_group’, ‘synonyms’, ‘oral_ddd’, ‘oral_units’, ‘iv_ddd’, ‘iv_units’</em>.</p>
<p>This data set is in R available as <code>antivirals</code>, after you load the <code>AMR</code> package.</p>
<p>It was last updated on 29 August 2020 21:53:07 CEST. Find more info about the structure of this data set <a href="https://msberends.github.io/AMR/reference/antivirals.html">here</a>.</p>
<p>It was last updated on 29 August 2020 21:53:07 CEST. Find more info about the structure of this data set <a href="https://msberends.github.io/AMR/reference/antibiotics.html">here</a>.</p>
<p><strong>Direct download links:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Download as <a href="https://github.com/msberends/AMR/raw/master/data-raw/../data-raw/antivirals.rds">R file</a> (5 kB)<br>

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document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function(e) {
var hs = document.querySelectorAll("div.section[class*='level'] > :first-child");
var i, h, a;
for (i = 0; i < hs.length; i++) {
h = hs[i];
if (!/^h[1-6]$/i.test(h.tagName)) continue; // it should be a header h1-h6
a = h.attributes;
while (a.length > 0) h.removeAttribute(a[0].name);
}
});

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</button>
<span class="navbar-brand">
<a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">AMR (for R)</a>
<span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Latest development version">1.3.0.9039</span>
<span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Latest development version">1.4.0</span>
</span>
</div>

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</header><script src="resistance_predict_files/accessible-code-block-0.0.1/empty-anchor.js"></script><div class="row">
</header><script src="resistance_predict_files/header-attrs-2.3/header-attrs.js"></script><script src="resistance_predict_files/accessible-code-block-0.0.1/empty-anchor.js"></script><div class="row">
<div class="col-md-9 contents">
<div class="page-header toc-ignore">
<h1 data-toc-skip>How to predict antimicrobial resistance</h1>

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document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function(e) {
var hs = document.querySelectorAll("div.section[class*='level'] > :first-child");
var i, h, a;
for (i = 0; i < hs.length; i++) {
h = hs[i];
if (!/^h[1-6]$/i.test(h.tagName)) continue; // it should be a header h1-h6
a = h.attributes;
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}
});

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</header><script src="welcome_to_AMR_files/accessible-code-block-0.0.1/empty-anchor.js"></script><div class="row">
</header><script src="welcome_to_AMR_files/header-attrs-2.3/header-attrs.js"></script><script src="welcome_to_AMR_files/accessible-code-block-0.0.1/empty-anchor.js"></script><div class="row">
<div class="col-md-9 contents">
<div class="page-header toc-ignore">
<h1 data-toc-skip>Welcome to the AMR package</h1>

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var hs = document.querySelectorAll("div.section[class*='level'] > :first-child");
var i, h, a;
for (i = 0; i < hs.length; i++) {
h = hs[i];
if (!/^h[1-6]$/i.test(h.tagName)) continue; // it should be a header h1-h6
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</button>
<span class="navbar-brand">
<a class="navbar-link" href="index.html">AMR (for R)</a>
<span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Latest development version">1.3.0.9039</span>
<span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Latest development version">1.4.0</span>
</span>
</div>

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/*
# ==================================================================== #
# TITLE #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis for R #
# #
# SOURCE #
# https://github.com/msberends/AMR #
# #
# LICENCE #
# (c) 2018-2020 Berends MS, Luz CF et al. #
# Developed at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, in #
# collaboration with non-profit organisations Certe Medical #
# Diagnostics & Advice, and University Medical Center Groningen. #
# #
# This R package is free software; you can freely use and distribute #
# it for both personal and commercial purposes under the terms of the #
# GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GNU GPL-2), as published by #
# the Free Software Foundation. #
# #
# We created this package for both routine data analysis and academic #
# research and it was publicly released in the hope that it will be #
# useful, but it comes WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OR LIABILITY. #
# Visit our website for more info: https://msberends.github.io/AMR. #
# #
# Visit our website for the full manual and a complete tutorial about #
# how to conduct AMR analysis: https://msberends.github.io/AMR/ #
# ==================================================================== #
*/

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/*
# ==================================================================== #
# TITLE #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis #
# Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Analysis for R #
# #
# SOURCE #
# https://github.com/msberends/AMR #
# #
# LICENCE #
# (c) 2018-2020 Berends MS, Luz CF et al. #
# Developed at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, in #
# collaboration with non-profit organisations Certe Medical #
# Diagnostics & Advice, and University Medical Center Groningen. #
# #
# This R package is free software; you can freely use and distribute #
# it for both personal and commercial purposes under the terms of the #
# GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GNU GPL-2), as published by #
# the Free Software Foundation. #
# #
# We created this package for both routine data analysis and academic #
# research and it was publicly released in the hope that it will be #
# useful, but it comes WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OR LIABILITY. #
# Visit our website for more info: https://msberends.github.io/AMR. #
# #
# Visit our website for the full manual and a complete tutorial about #
# how to conduct AMR analysis: https://msberends.github.io/AMR/ #
# ==================================================================== #
*/

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</button>
<span class="navbar-brand">
<a class="navbar-link" href="index.html">AMR (for R)</a>
<span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Latest development version">1.3.0.9039</span>
<span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Latest development version">1.4.0</span>
</span>
</div>
@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ Since you are one of our users, we would like to know how you use the package an
<p>This package is <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependency_hell">fully independent of any other R package</a> and works on Windows, macOS and Linux with all versions of R since R-3.0.0 (April 2013). <strong>It was designed to work in any setting, including those with very limited resources</strong>. It was created for both routine data analysis and academic research at the Faculty of Medical Sciences of the <a href="https://www.rug.nl">University of Groningen</a>, in collaboration with non-profit organisations <a href="https://www.certe.nl">Certe Medical Diagnostics and Advice</a> and <a href="https://www.umcg.nl">University Medical Center Groningen</a>. This R package is <a href="./news">actively maintained</a> and is free software (see <a href="#copyright">Copyright</a>).</p>
<div class="main-content">
<p>
<a href="./countries_large.png" target="_blank"><img src="./countries.png" class="countries_map"></a> <strong>Used in more than 100 countries</strong><br> Since its first public release in early 2018, this package has been downloaded from more than 100 countries. Click the map to enlarge and to also see the names of the countries.
<a href="./countries_large.png" target="_blank"><img src="./countries.png" class="countries_map"></a> <strong>Used in more than 120 countries</strong><br> Since its first public release in early 2018, this package has been downloaded from more than 120 countries. Click the map to enlarge and to also see the names of the countries.
</p>
<br><br>
</div>
@ -341,7 +341,7 @@ Since you are one of our users, we would like to know how you use the package an
<li>
<p>It <strong>enhances existing data</strong> and <strong>adds new data</strong> from data sets included in this package.</p>
<ul>
<li>Use <code><a href="reference/eucast_rules.html">eucast_rules()</a></code> to apply <a href="http://www.eucast.org/expert_rules_and_intrinsic_resistance/">EUCAST expert rules to isolates</a> (not the translation from MIC to R/SI values, use <code><a href="reference/as.rsi.html">as.rsi()</a></code> for that).</li>
<li>Use <code><a href="reference/eucast_rules.html">eucast_rules()</a></code> to apply <a href="https://www.eucast.org/expert_rules_and_intrinsic_resistance/">EUCAST expert rules to isolates</a> (not the translation from MIC to R/SI values, use <code><a href="reference/as.rsi.html">as.rsi()</a></code> for that).</li>
<li>Use <code><a href="reference/first_isolate.html">first_isolate()</a></code> to identify the first isolates of every patient <a href="https://clsi.org/standards/products/microbiology/documents/m39/">using guidelines from the CLSI</a> (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute).
<ul>
<li>You can also identify first <em>weighted</em> isolates of every patient, an adjusted version of the CLSI guideline. This takes into account key antibiotics of every strain and compares them.</li>

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