Transform Input to an Antibiotic ID

Use this function to determine the antibiotic code of one or more antibiotics. The data set antibiotics will be searched for abbreviations, official names and synonyms (brand names).

Usage,

as.ab(x, flag_multiple_results = TRUE, info = interactive(), ...)

is.ab(x)

Arguments

x: a character vector to determine to antibiotic ID
flag_multiple_results: a logical to indicate whether a note should be printed to the console that probably more than one antibiotic code or name can be retrieved from a single input value.
info: a logical to indicate whether a progress bar should be printed, defaults to TRUE only in interactive mode
...: arguments passed on to internal functions

Value

A character vector with additional class ab

Details

All entries in the antibiotics data set have three different identifiers: a human readable EARS-Net code (column ab, used by ECDC and WHONET), an ATC code (column atc, used by WHO), and a CID code (column cid, Compound ID, used by PubChem). The data set contains more than 5,000 official brand names from many different countries, as found in PubChem. Not that some drugs contain multiple ATC codes.

All these properties will be searched for the user input. The as.ab() can correct for different forms of misspelling:

Wrong spelling of drug names (such as "tobramicin" or "gentamycin"), which corrects for most audible similarities such as f/ph, x/ks, c/z/s, t/th, etc.
Too few or too many vowels or consonants
Switching two characters (such as "mreopenem", often the case in clinical data, when doctors typed too fast)
Digitalised paper records, leaving artefacts like 0/o/O (zero and O's), B/8, n/r, etc.

Use the ab_* functions to get properties based on the returned antibiotic ID, see Examples.

Note: the as.ab() and ab_* functions may use very long regular expression to match brand names of antimicrobial agents. This may fail on some systems.

Source

World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology: https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/

WHONET 2019 software: http://www.whonet.org/software.html

European Commission Public Health PHARMACEUTICALS - COMMUNITY REGISTER: https://ec.europa.eu/health/documents/community-register/html/reg_hum_atc.htm

Stable Lifecycle

The lifecycle of this function is stable. In a stable function, major changes are unlikely. This means that the unlying code will generally evolve by adding new arguments; removing arguments or changing the meaning of existing arguments will be avoided.

If the unlying code needs breaking changes, they will occur gradually. For example, an argument will be deprecated and first continue to work, but will emit an message informing you of the change. Next, typically after at least one newly released version on CRAN, the message will be transformed to an error.

WHOCC

This package contains all ~550 antibiotic, antimycotic and antiviral drugs and their Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) codes, ATC groups and Defined Daily Dose (DDD) from the World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology (WHOCC, https://www.whocc.no) and the Pharmaceuticals Community Register of the European Commission (https://ec.europa.eu/health/documents/community-register/html/reg_hum_atc.htm).

These have become the gold standard for international drug utilisation monitoring and research.

The WHOCC is located in Oslo at the Norwegian Institute of Public Health and funded by the Norwegian government. The European Commission is the executive of the European Union and promotes its general interest.

NOTE: The WHOCC copyright does not allow use for commercial purposes, unlike any other info from this package. See https://www.whocc.no/copyright_disclaimer/.

Reference Data Publicly Available

All reference data sets (about microorganisms, antibiotics, R/SI interpretation, EUCAST rules, etc.) in this AMR package are publicly and freely available. We continually export our data sets to formats for use in R, SPSS, SAS, Stata and Excel. We also supply flat files that are machine-readable and suitable for input in any software program, such as laboratory information systems. Please find all download links on our website, which is automatically updated with every code change.

Examples

# these examples all return "ERY", the ID of erythromycin:
as.ab("J01FA01")
as.ab("J 01 FA 01")
as.ab("Erythromycin")
as.ab("eryt")
as.ab("   eryt 123")
as.ab("ERYT")
as.ab("ERY")
as.ab("eritromicine") # spelled wrong, yet works
as.ab("Erythrocin")   # trade name
as.ab("Romycin")      # trade name

# spelling from different languages and dyslexia are no problem
ab_atc("ceftriaxon")
ab_atc("cephtriaxone")     # small spelling error
ab_atc("cephthriaxone")    # or a bit more severe
ab_atc("seephthriaaksone") # and even this works

# use ab_* functions to get a specific properties (see ?ab_property);
# they use as.ab() internally:
ab_name("J01FA01")    # "Erythromycin"
ab_name("eryt")       # "Erythromycin"
# \donttest{
if (require("dplyr")) {

  # you can quickly rename <rsi> columns using dplyr >= 1.0.0:
  example_isolates %>%
    rename_with(as.ab, where(is.rsi))
   
}
# }