Property of a microorganism

Use these functions to return a specific property of a microorganism from the microorganisms data set. All input values will be evaluated internally with as.mo.

mo_fullname(x, language = get_locale(), ...)

mo_shortname(x, language = get_locale(), ...)

mo_subspecies(x, language = get_locale(), ...)

mo_species(x, language = get_locale(), ...)

mo_genus(x, language = get_locale(), ...)

mo_family(x, ...)

mo_order(x, ...)

mo_class(x, ...)

mo_phylum(x, ...)

mo_kingdom(x, ...)

mo_type(x, language = get_locale(), ...)

mo_gramstain(x, language = get_locale(), ...)

mo_ref(x, ...)

mo_authors(x, ...)

mo_year(x, ...)

mo_rank(x, ...)

mo_taxonomy(x, ...)

mo_url(x, open = FALSE, ...)

mo_property(x, property = "fullname", language = get_locale(), ...)

Arguments

x	any (vector of) text that can be coerced to a valid microorganism code with `as.mo`
language	language of the returned text, defaults to system language (see `get_locale`) and can also be set with `getOption("AMR_locale")`. Use `language = NULL` or `language = ""` to prevent translation.
...	other parameters passed on to `as.mo`
open	browse the URL using `browseURL`
property	one of the column names of one of the `microorganisms` data set or `"shortname"`

Value

An integer in case of mo_year
A list in case of mo_taxonomy
A named character in case of mo_url
A character in all other cases

Details

All functions will return the most recently known taxonomic property according to the Catalogue of Life, except for mo_ref, mo_authors and mo_year. This leads to the following results:

mo_fullname("Chlamydia psittaci") will return "Chlamydophila psittaci" (with a warning about the renaming)
mo_ref("Chlamydia psittaci") will return "Page, 1968" (with a warning about the renaming)
mo_ref("Chlamydophila psittaci") will return "Everett et al., 1999" (without a warning)

The Gram stain - mo_gramstain() - will be determined on the taxonomic kingdom and phylum. According to Cavalier-Smith (2002) who defined subkingdoms Negibacteria and Posibacteria, only these phyla are Posibacteria: Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes and Tenericutes (ref: https://itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=956097). These bacteria are considered Gram positive - all other bacteria are considered Gram negative. Species outside the kingdom of Bacteria will return a value NA.

The function mo_url() will return the direct URL to the species in the Catalogue of Life.

Supported languages

Supported languages are "en" (English), "de" (German), "nl" (Dutch), "es" (Spanish), "it" (Italian), "fr" (French), and "pt" (Portuguese).

Catalogue of Life

This package contains the complete taxonomic tree of almost all microorganisms from the authoritative and comprehensive Catalogue of Life (http://www.catalogueoflife.org). This data is updated annually - check the included version with catalogue_of_life_version.

Included are:

All ~55,000 (sub)species from the kingdoms of Archaea, Bacteria, Protozoa and Viruses
All ~3,500 (sub)species from these orders of the kingdom of Fungi: Eurotiales, Onygenales, Pneumocystales, Saccharomycetales, Schizosaccharomycetales and Tremellales. The kingdom of Fungi is a very large taxon with almost 300,000 different (sub)species, of which most are not microbial (but rather macroscopic, like mushrooms). Because of this, not all fungi fit the scope of this package and including everything would tremendously slow down our algorithms too. By only including the aforementioned taxonomic orders, the most relevant fungi are covered (like all species of Aspergillus, Candida, Cryptococcus, Histplasma, Pneumocystis, Saccharomyces and Trichophyton).
All ~15,000 previously accepted names of included (sub)species that have been taxonomically renamed
The complete taxonomic tree of all included (sub)species: from kingdom to subspecies
The responsible author(s) and year of scientific publication

The Catalogue of Life (http://www.catalogueoflife.org) is the most comprehensive and authoritative global index of species currently available. It holds essential information on the names, relationships and distributions of over 1.6 million species. The Catalogue of Life is used to support the major biodiversity and conservation information services such as the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), Encyclopedia of Life (EoL) and the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List. It is recognised by the Convention on Biological Diversity as a significant component of the Global Taxonomy Initiative and a contribution to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation.

The syntax used to transform the original data to a cleansed R format, can be found here: https://gitlab.com/msberends/AMR/blob/master/reproduction_of_microorganisms.R.

Source

[1] Becker K et al. Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci. 2014. Clin Microbiol Rev. 27(4): 870–926. https://dx.doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00109-13

[2] Lancefield RC A serological differentiation of human and other groups of hemolytic streptococci. 1933. J Exp Med. 57(4): 571–95. https://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.57.4.571

[3] Catalogue of Life: Annual Checklist (public online database), www.catalogueoflife.org.

Examples

# NOT RUN {
## taxonomic tree
mo_kingdom("E. coli")         # "Bacteria"
mo_phylum("E. coli")          # "Proteobacteria"
mo_class("E. coli")           # "Gammaproteobacteria"
mo_order("E. coli")           # "Enterobacteriales"
mo_family("E. coli")          # "Enterobacteriaceae"
mo_genus("E. coli")           # "Escherichia"
mo_species("E. coli")         # "coli"
mo_subspecies("E. coli")      # ""

## colloquial properties
mo_fullname("E. coli")        # "Escherichia coli"
mo_shortname("E. coli")       # "E. coli"

## other properties
mo_gramstain("E. coli")       # "Gram negative"
mo_type("E. coli")            # "Bacteria" (equal to kingdom)
mo_rank("E. coli")            # "species"
mo_url("E. coli")             # get the direct url to the Catalogue of Life

## scientific reference
mo_ref("E. coli")             # "Castellani et al., 1919"
mo_authors("E. coli")         # "Castellani et al."
mo_year("E. coli")            # 1919


# Abbreviations known in the field
mo_genus("MRSA")              # "Staphylococcus"
mo_species("MRSA")            # "aureus"
mo_shortname("MRSA")          # "S. aureus"
mo_gramstain("MRSA")          # "Gram positive"

mo_genus("VISA")              # "Staphylococcus"
mo_species("VISA")            # "aureus"


# Known subspecies
mo_genus("doylei")            # "Campylobacter"
mo_species("doylei")          # "jejuni"
mo_fullname("doylei")         # "Campylobacter jejuni doylei"

mo_fullname("K. pneu rh")     # "Klebsiella pneumoniae rhinoscleromatis"
mo_shortname("K. pneu rh")    # "K. pneumoniae"


# Becker classification, see ?as.mo
mo_fullname("S. epi")                     # "Staphylococcus epidermidis"
mo_fullname("S. epi", Becker = TRUE)      # "Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus (CoNS)"
mo_shortname("S. epi")                    # "S. epidermidis"
mo_shortname("S. epi", Becker = TRUE)     # "CoNS"

# Lancefield classification, see ?as.mo
mo_fullname("S. pyo")                     # "Streptococcus pyogenes"
mo_fullname("S. pyo", Lancefield = TRUE)  # "Streptococcus group A"
mo_shortname("S. pyo")                    # "S. pyogenes"
mo_shortname("S. pyo", Lancefield = TRUE) # "GAS" ('Group A streptococci')


# language support for German, Dutch, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian and French
mo_gramstain("E. coli", language = "de")  # "Gramnegativ"
mo_gramstain("E. coli", language = "nl")  # "Gram-negatief"
mo_gramstain("E. coli", language = "es")  # "Gram negativo"

# mo_type is equal to mo_kingdom, but mo_kingdom will remain official
mo_kingdom("E. coli")                     # "Bacteria" on a German system
mo_type("E. coli")                        # "Bakterien" on a German system
mo_type("E. coli")                        # "Bacteria" on an English system

mo_fullname("S. pyogenes",
            Lancefield = TRUE,
            language = "de")              # "Streptococcus Gruppe A"
mo_fullname("S. pyogenes",
            Lancefield = TRUE,
            language = "nl")              # "Streptococcus groep A"


# get a list with the complete taxonomy (kingdom to subspecies)
mo_taxonomy("E. coli")
# }