771 lines
43 KiB
HTML
771 lines
43 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="en">
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<head>
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<meta charset="UTF-8">
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<!--[if IE]><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"><![endif]-->
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
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<meta name="generator" content="Asciidoctor 1.5.8">
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<title>git-range-diff(1)</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300,300italic,400,400italic,600,600italic%7CNoto+Serif:400,400italic,700,700italic%7CDroid+Sans+Mono:400,700">
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<style>
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/* Asciidoctor default stylesheet | MIT License | http://asciidoctor.org */
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/* Uncomment @import statement below to use as custom stylesheet */
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/*@import "https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300,300italic,400,400italic,600,600italic%7CNoto+Serif:400,400italic,700,700italic%7CDroid+Sans+Mono:400,700";*/
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audio,canvas,video{display:inline-block}
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audio:not([controls]){display:none;height:0}
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script{display:none!important}
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html{font-family:sans-serif;-ms-text-size-adjust:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%}
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a{background:transparent}
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a:focus{outline:thin dotted}
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a:active,a:hover{outline:0}
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h1{font-size:2em;margin:.67em 0}
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abbr[title]{border-bottom:1px dotted}
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b,strong{font-weight:bold}
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dfn{font-style:italic}
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sup{top:-.5em}
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sub{bottom:-.25em}
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img{border:0}
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svg:not(:root){overflow:hidden}
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figure{margin:0}
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button,input{line-height:normal}
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button,select{text-transform:none}
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a:hover{cursor:pointer}
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textarea{height:auto;min-height:50px}
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a{color:#2156a5;text-decoration:underline;line-height:inherit}
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table tr th,table tr td{padding:.5625em .625em;font-size:inherit;color:rgba(0,0,0,.8)}
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*:not(pre)>code.nobreak{word-wrap:normal}
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em em{font-style:normal}
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strong strong{font-weight:400}
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kbd{font-family:"Droid Sans Mono","DejaVu Sans Mono",monospace;display:inline-block;color:rgba(0,0,0,.8);font-size:.65em;line-height:1.45;background-color:#f7f7f7;border:1px solid #ccc;-webkit-border-radius:3px;border-radius:3px;-webkit-box-shadow:0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 0 0 .1em white inset;box-shadow:0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 0 0 .1em #fff inset;margin:0 .15em;padding:.2em .5em;vertical-align:middle;position:relative;top:-.1em;white-space:nowrap}
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.keyseq kbd:last-child{margin-right:0}
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b.button::before,b.button::after{position:relative;top:-1px;font-weight:400}
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b.button::before{content:"[";padding:0 3px 0 2px}
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b.button::after{content:"]";padding:0 2px 0 3px}
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p a>code:hover{color:rgba(0,0,0,.9)}
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#content{margin-top:1.25em}
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#header .details br{display:none}
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.exampleblock>.content>:first-child{margin-top:0}
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.exampleblock>.content>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}
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.sidebarblock{border-style:solid;border-width:1px;border-color:#e0e0dc;margin-bottom:1.25em;padding:1.25em;background:#f8f8f7;-webkit-border-radius:4px;border-radius:4px}
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.sidebarblock>:first-child{margin-top:0}
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.sidebarblock>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}
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.sidebarblock>.content>.title{color:#7a2518;margin-top:0;text-align:center}
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</head>
|
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<body class="manpage">
|
|
<div id="header">
|
|
<h1>git-range-diff(1) Manual Page</h1>
|
|
<h2 id="_name">NAME</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<p>git-range-diff - Compare two commit ranges (e.g. two versions of a branch)</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div id="content">
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="verseblock">
|
|
<pre class="content"><em>git range-diff</em> [--color=[<when>]] [--no-color] [<diff-options>]
|
|
[--no-dual-color] [--creation-factor=<factor>]
|
|
( <range1> <range2> | <rev1>…​<rev2> | <base> <rev1> <rev2> )</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>This command shows the differences between two versions of a patch
|
|
series, or more generally, two commit ranges (ignoring merge commits).</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>To that end, it first finds pairs of commits from both commit ranges
|
|
that correspond with each other. Two commits are said to correspond when
|
|
the diff between their patches (i.e. the author information, the commit
|
|
message and the commit diff) is reasonably small compared to the
|
|
patches' size. See ``Algorithm`` below for details.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Finally, the list of matching commits is shown in the order of the
|
|
second commit range, with unmatched commits being inserted just after
|
|
all of their ancestors have been shown.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_options">OPTIONS</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="dlist">
|
|
<dl>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--no-dual-color</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>When the commit diffs differ, <code>git range-diff</code> recreates the
|
|
original diffs' coloring, and adds outer -/+ diff markers with
|
|
the <strong>background</strong> being red/green to make it easier to see e.g.
|
|
when there was a change in what exact lines were added.</p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Additionally, the commit diff lines that are only present in the first commit
|
|
range are shown "dimmed" (this can be overridden using the <code>color.diff.<slot></code>
|
|
config setting where <code><slot></code> is one of <code>contextDimmed</code>, <code>oldDimmed</code> and
|
|
<code>newDimmed</code>), and the commit diff lines that are only present in the second
|
|
commit range are shown in bold (which can be overridden using the config
|
|
settings <code>color.diff.<slot></code> with <code><slot></code> being one of <code>contextBold</code>,
|
|
<code>oldBold</code> or <code>newBold</code>).</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>This is known to <code>range-diff</code> as "dual coloring". Use <code>--no-dual-color</code>
|
|
to revert to color all lines according to the outer diff markers
|
|
(and completely ignore the inner diff when it comes to color).</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--creation-factor=<percent></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Set the creation/deletion cost fudge factor to <code><percent></code>.
|
|
Defaults to 60. Try a larger value if <code>git range-diff</code> erroneously
|
|
considers a large change a total rewrite (deletion of one commit
|
|
and addition of another), and a smaller one in the reverse case.
|
|
See the ``Algorithm`` section below for an explanation why this is
|
|
needed.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><range1> <range2></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Compare the commits specified by the two ranges, where
|
|
<code><range1></code> is considered an older version of <code><range2></code>.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><rev1>…​<rev2></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Equivalent to passing <code><rev2>..<rev1></code> and <code><rev1>..<rev2></code>.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><base> <rev1> <rev2></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Equivalent to passing <code><base>..<rev1></code> and <code><base>..<rev2></code>.
|
|
Note that <code><base></code> does not need to be the exact branch point
|
|
of the branches. Example: after rebasing a branch <code>my-topic</code>,
|
|
<code>git range-diff my-topic@{u} my-topic@{1} my-topic</code> would
|
|
show the differences introduced by the rebase.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p><code>git range-diff</code> also accepts the regular diff options (see
|
|
<a href="git-diff.html">git-diff</a>(1)), most notably the <code>--color=[<when>]</code> and
|
|
<code>--no-color</code> options. These options are used when generating the "diff
|
|
between patches", i.e. to compare the author, commit message and diff of
|
|
corresponding old/new commits. There is currently no means to tweak the
|
|
diff options passed to <code>git log</code> when generating those patches.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_output_stability">OUTPUT STABILITY</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The output of the <code>range-diff</code> command is subject to change. It is
|
|
intended to be human-readable porcelain output, not something that can
|
|
be used across versions of Git to get a textually stable <code>range-diff</code>
|
|
(as opposed to something like the <code>--stable</code> option to
|
|
<a href="git-patch-id.html">git-patch-id</a>(1)). There’s also no equivalent of
|
|
<a href="git-apply.html">git-apply</a>(1) for <code>range-diff</code>, the output is not intended to
|
|
be machine-readable.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>This is particularly true when passing in diff options. Currently some
|
|
options like <code>--stat</code> can, as an emergent effect, produce output
|
|
that’s quite useless in the context of <code>range-diff</code>. Future versions
|
|
of <code>range-diff</code> may learn to interpret such options in a manner
|
|
specific to <code>range-diff</code> (e.g. for <code>--stat</code> producing human-readable
|
|
output which summarizes how the diffstat changed).</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_configuration">CONFIGURATION</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>This command uses the <code>diff.color.*</code> and <code>pager.range-diff</code> settings
|
|
(the latter is on by default).
|
|
See <a href="git-config.html">git-config</a>(1).</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_examples">EXAMPLES</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>When a rebase required merge conflicts to be resolved, compare the changes
|
|
introduced by the rebase directly afterwards using:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>$ git range-diff @{u} @{1} @</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>A typical output of <code>git range-diff</code> would look like this:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>-: ------- > 1: 0ddba11 Prepare for the inevitable!
|
|
1: c0debee = 2: cab005e Add a helpful message at the start
|
|
2: f00dbal ! 3: decafe1 Describe a bug
|
|
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
|
|
Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
|
|
|
|
-TODO: Describe a bug
|
|
+Describe a bug
|
|
@@ -324,5 +324,6
|
|
This is expected.
|
|
|
|
-+What is unexpected is that it will also crash.
|
|
++Unexpectedly, it also crashes. This is a bug, and the jury is
|
|
++still out there how to fix it best. See ticket #314 for details.
|
|
|
|
Contact
|
|
3: bedead < -: ------- TO-UNDO</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>In this example, there are 3 old and 3 new commits, where the developer
|
|
removed the 3rd, added a new one before the first two, and modified the
|
|
commit message of the 2nd commit as well its diff.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>When the output goes to a terminal, it is color-coded by default, just
|
|
like regular <code>git diff</code>'s output. In addition, the first line (adding a
|
|
commit) is green, the last line (deleting a commit) is red, the second
|
|
line (with a perfect match) is yellow like the commit header of <code>git
|
|
show</code>'s output, and the third line colors the old commit red, the new
|
|
one green and the rest like <code>git show</code>'s commit header.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>A naive color-coded diff of diffs is actually a bit hard to read,
|
|
though, as it colors the entire lines red or green. The line that added
|
|
"What is unexpected" in the old commit, for example, is completely red,
|
|
even if the intent of the old commit was to add something.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>To help with that, <code>range</code> uses the <code>--dual-color</code> mode by default. In
|
|
this mode, the diff of diffs will retain the original diff colors, and
|
|
prefix the lines with -/+ markers that have their <strong>background</strong> red or
|
|
green, to make it more obvious that they describe how the diff itself
|
|
changed.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_algorithm">Algorithm</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The general idea is this: we generate a cost matrix between the commits
|
|
in both commit ranges, then solve the least-cost assignment.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The cost matrix is populated thusly: for each pair of commits, both
|
|
diffs are generated and the "diff of diffs" is generated, with 3 context
|
|
lines, then the number of lines in that diff is used as cost.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>To avoid false positives (e.g. when a patch has been removed, and an
|
|
unrelated patch has been added between two iterations of the same patch
|
|
series), the cost matrix is extended to allow for that, by adding
|
|
fixed-cost entries for wholesale deletes/adds.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Example: Let commits <code>1--2</code> be the first iteration of a patch series and
|
|
<code>A--C</code> the second iteration. Let’s assume that <code>A</code> is a cherry-pick of
|
|
<code>2,</code> and <code>C</code> is a cherry-pick of <code>1</code> but with a small modification (say,
|
|
a fixed typo). Visualize the commits as a bipartite graph:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre> 1 A
|
|
|
|
2 B
|
|
|
|
C</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>We are looking for a "best" explanation of the new series in terms of
|
|
the old one. We can represent an "explanation" as an edge in the graph:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre> 1 A
|
|
/
|
|
2 --------' B
|
|
|
|
C</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>This explanation comes for "free" because there was no change. Similarly
|
|
<code>C</code> could be explained using <code>1</code>, but that comes at some cost c>0
|
|
because of the modification:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre> 1 ----. A
|
|
| /
|
|
2 ----+---' B
|
|
|
|
|
`----- C
|
|
c>0</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>In mathematical terms, what we are looking for is some sort of a minimum
|
|
cost bipartite matching; <code>1</code> is matched to <code>C</code> at some cost, etc. The
|
|
underlying graph is in fact a complete bipartite graph; the cost we
|
|
associate with every edge is the size of the diff between the two
|
|
commits' patches. To explain also new commits, we introduce dummy nodes
|
|
on both sides:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre> 1 ----. A
|
|
| /
|
|
2 ----+---' B
|
|
|
|
|
o `----- C
|
|
c>0
|
|
o o
|
|
|
|
o o</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The cost of an edge <code>o--C</code> is the size of <code>C</code>'s diff, modified by a
|
|
fudge factor that should be smaller than 100%. The cost of an edge
|
|
<code>o--o</code> is free. The fudge factor is necessary because even if <code>1</code> and
|
|
<code>C</code> have nothing in common, they may still share a few empty lines and
|
|
such, possibly making the assignment <code>1--C</code>, <code>o--o</code> slightly cheaper
|
|
than <code>1--o</code>, <code>o--C</code> even if <code>1</code> and <code>C</code> have nothing in common. With the
|
|
fudge factor we require a much larger common part to consider patches as
|
|
corresponding.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The overall time needed to compute this algorithm is the time needed to
|
|
compute n+m commit diffs and then n*m diffs of patches, plus the time
|
|
needed to compute the least-cost assigment between n and m diffs. Git
|
|
uses an implementation of the Jonker-Volgenant algorithm to solve the
|
|
assignment problem, which has cubic runtime complexity. The matching
|
|
found in this case will look like this:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre> 1 ----. A
|
|
| /
|
|
2 ----+---' B
|
|
.--+-----'
|
|
o -' `----- C
|
|
c>0
|
|
o ---------- o
|
|
|
|
o ---------- o</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_see_also">SEE ALSO</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p><a href="git-log.html">git-log</a>(1)</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_git">GIT</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git</a>(1) suite</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div id="footer">
|
|
<div id="footer-text">
|
|
Last updated 2019-02-26 19:31:11 UTC
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</body>
|
|
</html> |