<metaproperty="og:description"content="Two data sets containing all antibiotics/antimycotics and antivirals. Use as.ab() or one of the ab_* functions to retrieve values from the antibiotics data set. Three identifiers are included in this data set: an antibiotic ID (ab, primarily used in this package) as defined by WHONET/EARS-Net, an ATC code (atc) as defined by the WHO, and a Compound ID (cid) as found in PubChem. Other properties in this data set are derived from one or more of these codes. Note that some drugs have multiple ATC codes."/>
<p>Two data sets containing all antibiotics/antimycotics and antivirals. Use <code><ahref='as.ab.html'>as.ab()</a></code> or one of the <code><ahref='ab_property.html'>ab_*</a></code> functions to retrieve values from the antibiotics data set. Three identifiers are included in this data set: an antibiotic ID (<code>ab</code>, primarily used in this package) as defined by WHONET/EARS-Net, an ATC code (<code>atc</code>) as defined by the WHO, and a Compound ID (<code>cid</code>) as found in PubChem. Other properties in this data set are derived from one or more of these codes. Note that some drugs have multiple ATC codes.</p>
<h3class='hasAnchor'id='for-the-'><aclass='anchor'aria-hidden='true'href='#for-the-'></a>For the antibiotics data set: a <ahref='https://rdrr.io/r/base/data.frame.html'>data.frame</a> with 456 observations and 14 variables:</h3>
<ul>
<li><p><code>ab</code><br/> Antibiotic ID as used in this package (such as <code>AMC</code>), using the official EARS-Net (European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network) codes where available</p></li>
<li><p><code>cid</code><br/> Compound ID as found in PubChem</p></li>
<li><p><code>name</code><br/> Official name as used by WHONET/EARS-Net or the WHO</p></li>
<li><p><code>group</code><br/> A short and concise group name, based on WHONET and WHOCC definitions</p></li>
<li><p><code>atc_group1</code><br/> Official pharmacological subgroup (3rd level ATC code) as defined by the WHOCC, like <code>"Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins"</code></p></li>
<li><p><code>atc_group2</code><br/> Official chemical subgroup (4th level ATC code) as defined by the WHOCC, like <code>"Macrolides"</code></p></li>
<li><p><code>abbr</code><br/> List of abbreviations as used in many countries, also for antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST)</p></li>
<li><p><code>synonyms</code><br/> Synonyms (often trade names) of a drug, as found in PubChem based on their compound ID</p></li>
<li><p><code>iv_units</code><br/> Units of <code>iv_ddd</code></p></li>
<li><p><code>loinc</code><br/> All LOINC codes (Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes) associated with the name of the antimicrobial agent. Use <code><ahref='ab_property.html'>ab_loinc()</a></code> to retrieve them quickly, see <code><ahref='ab_property.html'>ab_property()</a></code>.</p></li>
</ul>
<h3class='hasAnchor'id='list-antibiotics-'><aclass='anchor'aria-hidden='true'href='#list-antibiotics-'></a>For the antibiotics data set: a <ahref='https://rdrr.io/r/base/data.frame.html'>data.frame</a> with 456 observations and 14 variables:</h3>
<ul>
<li><p><code>ab</code><br/> Antibiotic ID as used in this package (such as <code>AMC</code>), using the official EARS-Net (European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network) codes where available</p></li>
<li><p><code>cid</code><br/> Compound ID as found in PubChem</p></li>
<li><p><code>name</code><br/> Official name as used by WHONET/EARS-Net or the WHO</p></li>
<li><p><code>group</code><br/> A short and concise group name, based on WHONET and WHOCC definitions</p></li>
<li><p><code>atc_group1</code><br/> Official pharmacological subgroup (3rd level ATC code) as defined by the WHOCC, like <code>"Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins"</code></p></li>
<li><p><code>atc_group2</code><br/> Official chemical subgroup (4th level ATC code) as defined by the WHOCC, like <code>"Macrolides"</code></p></li>
<li><p><code>abbr</code><br/> List of abbreviations as used in many countries, also for antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST)</p></li>
<li><p><code>synonyms</code><br/> Synonyms (often trade names) of a drug, as found in PubChem based on their compound ID</p></li>
<li><p><code>iv_units</code><br/> Units of <code>iv_ddd</code></p></li>
<li><p><code>loinc</code><br/> All LOINC codes (Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes) associated with the name of the antimicrobial agent. Use <code><ahref='ab_property.html'>ab_loinc()</a></code> to retrieve them quickly, see <code><ahref='ab_property.html'>ab_property()</a></code>.</p></li>
</ul>
<h3class='hasAnchor'id='-data-set-a-'><aclass='anchor'aria-hidden='true'href='#-data-set-a-'></a>For the antibiotics data set: a <ahref='https://rdrr.io/r/base/data.frame.html'>data.frame</a> with 456 observations and 14 variables:</h3>
<ul>
<li><p><code>ab</code><br/> Antibiotic ID as used in this package (such as <code>AMC</code>), using the official EARS-Net (European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network) codes where available</p></li>
<li><p><code>cid</code><br/> Compound ID as found in PubChem</p></li>
<li><p><code>name</code><br/> Official name as used by WHONET/EARS-Net or the WHO</p></li>
<li><p><code>group</code><br/> A short and concise group name, based on WHONET and WHOCC definitions</p></li>
<li><p><code>atc_group1</code><br/> Official pharmacological subgroup (3rd level ATC code) as defined by the WHOCC, like <code>"Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins"</code></p></li>
<li><p><code>atc_group2</code><br/> Official chemical subgroup (4th level ATC code) as defined by the WHOCC, like <code>"Macrolides"</code></p></li>
<li><p><code>abbr</code><br/> List of abbreviations as used in many countries, also for antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST)</p></li>
<li><p><code>synonyms</code><br/> Synonyms (often trade names) of a drug, as found in PubChem based on their compound ID</p></li>
<li><p><code>iv_units</code><br/> Units of <code>iv_ddd</code></p></li>
<li><p><code>loinc</code><br/> All LOINC codes (Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes) associated with the name of the antimicrobial agent. Use <code><ahref='ab_property.html'>ab_loinc()</a></code> to retrieve them quickly, see <code><ahref='ab_property.html'>ab_property()</a></code>.</p></li>
</ul>
<h3class='hasAnchor'id='list-data-frame-'><aclass='anchor'aria-hidden='true'href='#list-data-frame-'></a>For the antibiotics data set: a <ahref='https://rdrr.io/r/base/data.frame.html'>data.frame</a> with 456 observations and 14 variables:</h3>
<ul>
<li><p><code>ab</code><br/> Antibiotic ID as used in this package (such as <code>AMC</code>), using the official EARS-Net (European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network) codes where available</p></li>
<li><p><code>cid</code><br/> Compound ID as found in PubChem</p></li>
<li><p><code>name</code><br/> Official name as used by WHONET/EARS-Net or the WHO</p></li>
<li><p><code>group</code><br/> A short and concise group name, based on WHONET and WHOCC definitions</p></li>
<li><p><code>atc_group1</code><br/> Official pharmacological subgroup (3rd level ATC code) as defined by the WHOCC, like <code>"Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins"</code></p></li>
<li><p><code>atc_group2</code><br/> Official chemical subgroup (4th level ATC code) as defined by the WHOCC, like <code>"Macrolides"</code></p></li>
<li><p><code>abbr</code><br/> List of abbreviations as used in many countries, also for antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST)</p></li>
<li><p><code>synonyms</code><br/> Synonyms (often trade names) of a drug, as found in PubChem based on their compound ID</p></li>
<li><p><code>iv_units</code><br/> Units of <code>iv_ddd</code></p></li>
<li><p><code>loinc</code><br/> All LOINC codes (Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes) associated with the name of the antimicrobial agent. Use <code><ahref='ab_property.html'>ab_loinc()</a></code> to retrieve them quickly, see <code><ahref='ab_property.html'>ab_property()</a></code>.</p></li>
</ul>
<h3class='hasAnchor'id='-with-observations-and-variables-'><aclass='anchor'aria-hidden='true'href='#-with-observations-and-variables-'></a>For the antibiotics data set: a <ahref='https://rdrr.io/r/base/data.frame.html'>data.frame</a> with 456 observations and 14 variables:</h3>
<li><p><code>ab</code><br/> Antibiotic ID as used in this package (such as <code>AMC</code>), using the official EARS-Net (European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network) codes where available</p></li>
<li><p><code>atc_group1</code><br/> Official pharmacological subgroup (3rd level ATC code) as defined by the WHOCC, like <code>"Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins"</code></p></li>
<li><p><code>atc_group2</code><br/> Official chemical subgroup (4th level ATC code) as defined by the WHOCC, like <code>"Macrolides"</code></p></li>
<li><p><code>abbr</code><br/> List of abbreviations as used in many countries, also for antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST)</p></li>
<li><p><code>synonyms</code><br/> Synonyms (often trade names) of a drug, as found in PubChem based on their compound ID</p></li>
<li><p><code>loinc</code><br/> All LOINC codes (Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes) associated with the name of the antimicrobial agent. Use <code><ahref='ab_property.html'>ab_loinc()</a></code> to retrieve them quickly, see <code><ahref='ab_property.html'>ab_property()</a></code>.</p></li>
<h3class='hasAnchor'id='for-the-'><aclass='anchor'aria-hidden='true'href='#for-the-'></a>For the antivirals data set: a <ahref='https://rdrr.io/r/base/data.frame.html'>data.frame</a> with 102 observations and 9 variables:</h3>
<li><p><code>cid</code><br/> Compound ID as found in PubChem</p></li>
<li><p><code>name</code><br/> Official name as used by WHONET/EARS-Net or the WHO</p></li>
<li><p><code>atc_group</code><br/> Official pharmacological subgroup (3rd level ATC code) as defined by the WHOCC</p></li>
<li><p><code>synonyms</code><br/> Synonyms (often trade names) of a drug, as found in PubChem based on their compound ID</p></li>
<li><p><code>oral_ddd</code><br/> Defined Daily Dose (DDD), oral treatment</p></li>
<li><p><code>oral_units</code><br/> Units of <code>oral_ddd</code></p></li>
<li><p><code>iv_ddd</code><br/> Defined Daily Dose (DDD), parenteral treatment</p></li>
<li><p><code>iv_units</code><br/> Units of <code>iv_ddd</code></p></li>
</ul>
<h3class='hasAnchor'id='list-antivirals-'><aclass='anchor'aria-hidden='true'href='#list-antivirals-'></a>For the antivirals data set: a <ahref='https://rdrr.io/r/base/data.frame.html'>data.frame</a> with 102 observations and 9 variables:</h3>
<li><p><code>cid</code><br/> Compound ID as found in PubChem</p></li>
<li><p><code>name</code><br/> Official name as used by WHONET/EARS-Net or the WHO</p></li>
<li><p><code>atc_group</code><br/> Official pharmacological subgroup (3rd level ATC code) as defined by the WHOCC</p></li>
<li><p><code>synonyms</code><br/> Synonyms (often trade names) of a drug, as found in PubChem based on their compound ID</p></li>
<li><p><code>oral_ddd</code><br/> Defined Daily Dose (DDD), oral treatment</p></li>
<li><p><code>oral_units</code><br/> Units of <code>oral_ddd</code></p></li>
<li><p><code>iv_ddd</code><br/> Defined Daily Dose (DDD), parenteral treatment</p></li>
<li><p><code>iv_units</code><br/> Units of <code>iv_ddd</code></p></li>
</ul>
<h3class='hasAnchor'id='-data-set-a-'><aclass='anchor'aria-hidden='true'href='#-data-set-a-'></a>For the antivirals data set: a <ahref='https://rdrr.io/r/base/data.frame.html'>data.frame</a> with 102 observations and 9 variables:</h3>
<li><p><code>cid</code><br/> Compound ID as found in PubChem</p></li>
<li><p><code>name</code><br/> Official name as used by WHONET/EARS-Net or the WHO</p></li>
<li><p><code>atc_group</code><br/> Official pharmacological subgroup (3rd level ATC code) as defined by the WHOCC</p></li>
<li><p><code>synonyms</code><br/> Synonyms (often trade names) of a drug, as found in PubChem based on their compound ID</p></li>
<li><p><code>oral_ddd</code><br/> Defined Daily Dose (DDD), oral treatment</p></li>
<li><p><code>oral_units</code><br/> Units of <code>oral_ddd</code></p></li>
<li><p><code>iv_ddd</code><br/> Defined Daily Dose (DDD), parenteral treatment</p></li>
<li><p><code>iv_units</code><br/> Units of <code>iv_ddd</code></p></li>
</ul>
<h3class='hasAnchor'id='list-data-frame-'><aclass='anchor'aria-hidden='true'href='#list-data-frame-'></a>For the antivirals data set: a <ahref='https://rdrr.io/r/base/data.frame.html'>data.frame</a> with 102 observations and 9 variables:</h3>
<li><p><code>cid</code><br/> Compound ID as found in PubChem</p></li>
<li><p><code>name</code><br/> Official name as used by WHONET/EARS-Net or the WHO</p></li>
<li><p><code>atc_group</code><br/> Official pharmacological subgroup (3rd level ATC code) as defined by the WHOCC</p></li>
<li><p><code>synonyms</code><br/> Synonyms (often trade names) of a drug, as found in PubChem based on their compound ID</p></li>
<li><p><code>oral_ddd</code><br/> Defined Daily Dose (DDD), oral treatment</p></li>
<li><p><code>oral_units</code><br/> Units of <code>oral_ddd</code></p></li>
<li><p><code>iv_ddd</code><br/> Defined Daily Dose (DDD), parenteral treatment</p></li>
<li><p><code>iv_units</code><br/> Units of <code>iv_ddd</code></p></li>
</ul>
<h3class='hasAnchor'id='-with-observations-and-variables-'><aclass='anchor'aria-hidden='true'href='#-with-observations-and-variables-'></a>For the antivirals data set: a <ahref='https://rdrr.io/r/base/data.frame.html'>data.frame</a> with 102 observations and 9 variables:</h3>
<p>World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology (WHOCC): <ahref='https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/'>https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/</a></p>
<p>European Commission Public Health PHARMACEUTICALS - COMMUNITY REGISTER: <ahref='https://ec.europa.eu/health/documents/community-register/html/reg_hum_atc.htm'>https://ec.europa.eu/health/documents/community-register/html/reg_hum_atc.htm</a></p>
<p>Properties that are based on an ATC code are only available when an ATC is available. These properties are: <code>atc_group1</code>, <code>atc_group2</code>, <code>oral_ddd</code>, <code>oral_units</code>, <code>iv_ddd</code> and <code>iv_units</code>.</p>
<p>Synonyms (i.e. trade names) were derived from the Compound ID (<code>cid</code>) and consequently only available where a CID is available.</p><h3class='hasAnchor'id='direct-download'><aclass='anchor'aria-hidden='true'href='#direct-download'></a>Direct download</h3>
<h2class="hasAnchor"id="reference-data-publicly-available"><aclass="anchor"href="#reference-data-publicly-available"></a>Reference Data Publicly Available</h2>
<p>All reference data sets (about microorganisms, antibiotics, R/SI interpretation, EUCAST rules, etc.) in this <code>AMR</code> package are publicly and freely available. We continually export our data sets to formats for use in R, SPSS, SAS, Stata and Excel. We also supply flat files that are machine-readable and suitable for input in any software program, such as laboratory information systems. Please find <ahref='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/datasets.html'>all download links on our website</a>, which is automatically updated with every code change.</p>
This package contains <strong>all ~550 antibiotic, antimycotic and antiviral drugs</strong> and their Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) codes, ATC groups and Defined Daily Dose (DDD) from the World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology (WHOCC, <ahref='https://www.whocc.no'>https://www.whocc.no</a>) and the Pharmaceuticals Community Register of the European Commission (<ahref='https://ec.europa.eu/health/documents/community-register/html/reg_hum_atc.htm'>https://ec.europa.eu/health/documents/community-register/html/reg_hum_atc.htm</a>).</p>
<p>These have become the gold standard for international drug utilisation monitoring and research.</p>
<p>The WHOCC is located in Oslo at the Norwegian Institute of Public Health and funded by the Norwegian government. The European Commission is the executive of the European Union and promotes its general interest.</p>
<p><strong>NOTE: The WHOCC copyright does not allow use for commercial purposes, unlike any other info from this package.</strong> See <ahref='https://www.whocc.no/copyright_disclaimer/.'>https://www.whocc.no/copyright_disclaimer/.</a></p>
<p>On our website <ahref='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/'>https://msberends.github.io/AMR/</a> you can find <ahref='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/AMR.html'>a comprehensive tutorial</a> about how to conduct AMR data analysis, the <ahref='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/reference/'>complete documentation of all functions</a> and <ahref='https://msberends.github.io/AMR/articles/WHONET.html'>an example analysis using WHONET data</a>.</p>
<p><p>Developed by <ahref="https://www.rug.nl/staff/m.s.berends/"class="external-link">Matthijs S. Berends</a>, <ahref="https://www.rug.nl/staff/c.f.luz/"class="external-link">Christian F. Luz</a>, <ahref="https://www.rug.nl/staff/a.w.friedrich/"class="external-link">Alexander W. Friedrich</a>, <ahref="https://www.rug.nl/staff/b.sinha/"class="external-link">Bhanu N. M. Sinha</a>, <ahref="https://www.rug.nl/staff/c.j.albers/"class="external-link">Casper J. Albers</a>, <ahref="https://www.rug.nl/staff/c.glasner/"class="external-link">Corinna Glasner</a>.</p></p>
