1
0
mirror of https://github.com/msberends/AMR.git synced 2026-02-11 06:32:52 +01:00

31 Commits

Author SHA1 Message Date
9d1b4565f6 (v3.0.1.9008) fix #246
Merge branch 'main' of https://github.com/msberends/AMR

# Conflicts:
#	DESCRIPTION
#	NEWS.md
#	R/sysdata.rda
#	data/antibiotics.rda
2026-01-06 23:11:34 +01:00
cfbbfb4fa5 (v3.0.1.9007) fix #246 2026-01-06 23:08:50 +01:00
35debe25ee (v3.0.1.9009) tidymodels vignette 2025-12-23 11:02:26 +01:00
e9cf3d5572 (v3.0.1.9008) tidymodels vignette 2025-12-22 19:04:39 +01:00
a5c6aa9fa8 (v3.0.1.9007) fix vignette 2025-12-22 09:34:58 +01:00
f6e28ac95c (v3.0.1.9006) Fix website 2025-12-21 12:29:46 +01:00
151af21f38 (v3.0.1.9005) re-add tidymodels implementation 2025-12-21 12:19:43 +01:00
225c73f7e7 (v3.0.1.9004) Revamp as.sir() interpretation for capped MICs
Fixes #243
Fixes #244
2025-12-15 13:18:13 +01:00
ba30b08f76 (v3.0.1.9003) Add taniborbactam and cefepime/taniborbactam 2025-11-24 11:24:02 +01:00
d366949f1b (v3.0.1.9002) replace WHONET directives with their GitHub repo 2025-10-13 22:12:48 +02:00
0b24967b23 (v3.0.1.9001) fix antibiogram 2025-09-30 10:54:07 +02:00
adee419f1c v3.0.1 2025-09-20 17:14:07 +01:00
33fb1849eb (v3.0.0.9036) Prepare for v3.0.1 2025-09-19 12:23:59 +01:00
13f2a864da (v3.0.0.9035) fix mo_pathogenicity unit test following MycoBank bugfix 2025-09-18 14:22:52 +01:00
10ba36821e (v3.0.0.9034) fix MycoBank synonyms 2025-09-18 13:58:34 +01:00
5796e8f3a4 (v3.0.0.9033) rename workflow 2025-09-15 09:10:54 +02:00
b11866af57 (v3.0.0.9032) add GitHub Action for dev version of packages 2025-09-13 14:02:59 +02:00
e8c99f2775 (v3.0.0.9031) fix for ggplot2 2025-09-12 16:52:59 +02:00
5b99888151 (v3.0.0.9030) fix NEWS 2025-09-11 14:41:28 +02:00
c7b2acbeb6 (v3.0.0.9029) fix for vignette and envir data 2025-09-10 16:19:30 +02:00
1922fb5ff2 (v3.0.0.9028) fix as.ab() warning 2025-09-10 15:06:51 +02:00
4d7c4ca52c (v3.0.0.9027) skimr update and as.ab warning - fixes #234, fixes #232 2025-09-10 13:32:52 +02:00
d5a568318b (v3.0.0.9026) fix tidymodels doc 2025-09-04 15:03:28 +02:00
c1c49fa463 (v3.0.0.9025) fix todo tracker 2025-09-04 14:40:24 +02:00
d2ced1db61 (v3.0.0.9024) fix todo tracker 2025-09-04 14:28:01 +02:00
3d40b20c10 (v3.0.0.9023) update todo tracker 2025-09-04 14:04:22 +02:00
3ba1b8a10a (v3.0.0.9022) postpone new features - we like a clearly focussed bugfix release first 2025-09-03 15:39:44 +02:00
0744c6feee (v3.0.0.9021) checkouts 2025-09-03 12:12:05 +02:00
eca638529c new umcg logo and old CHECKOUT update 2025-09-03 11:49:10 +02:00
60bd631e1a (v3.0.0.9019) Fixes #229, #230, #227, #225 2025-09-01 16:56:55 +02:00
9b07a8573a (v3.0.0.9018) keep all reasons in mdro(), fixed #227 2025-08-07 16:23:47 +02:00
92 changed files with 10144 additions and 12430 deletions

View File

@@ -40,3 +40,4 @@
^CRAN-SUBMISSION$
^PythonPackage$
^README\.Rmd$
\.no_include$

View File

@@ -22,9 +22,9 @@ body:
label: Minimal Reproducible Example (optional)
description: Please include a short R code snippet that reproduces the problem, if possible.
placeholder:
e.g.
```r
ab_name("amoxicillin/clavulanic acid", language = "es")
e.g.
```r
ab_name("amoxicillin/clavulanic acid", language = "es")
```
validations:
required: false
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ body:
multiple: false
options:
- ''
- Latest CRAN version (3.0.0)
- One of the latest GitHub versions (3.0.0.9xxx)
- Latest CRAN version (3.0.1)
- One of the latest GitHub versions (3.0.1.9xxx)
validations:
required: true

View File

@@ -48,7 +48,6 @@ echo "Running prehook..."
if command -v Rscript > /dev/null; then
if [ "$(Rscript -e 'cat(all(c('"'pkgload'"', '"'devtools'"', '"'dplyr'"') %in% rownames(installed.packages())))')" = "TRUE" ]; then
Rscript -e "source('data-raw/_pre_commit_checks.R')"
currentpkg=$(Rscript -e "cat(pkgload::pkg_name())")
echo "- Adding changed files in ./data-raw and ./man to this commit"
git add data-raw/*
git add data/*
@@ -57,11 +56,9 @@ if command -v Rscript > /dev/null; then
git add NAMESPACE
else
echo "- R package 'pkgload', 'devtools', or 'dplyr' not installed!"
currentpkg="your"
fi
else
echo "- R is not available on your system!"
currentpkg="your"
fi
echo ""
@@ -92,7 +89,7 @@ else
# Combine tag and commit number
currentversion="$currenttag.$((currentcommit + 9001))"
echo "- ${currentpkg} pkg version set to ${currentversion}"
echo "- AMR pkg version set to ${currentversion}"
# Update version number and date in DESCRIPTION
sed -i -- "s/^Version: .*/Version: ${currentversion}/" DESCRIPTION
@@ -103,10 +100,7 @@ else
# Update version number in NEWS.md
if [ -e "NEWS.md" ]; then
if [ "$currentpkg" = "your" ]; then
currentpkg=""
fi
sed -i -- "1s/.*/# ${currentpkg} ${currentversion}/" NEWS.md
sed -i -- "1s/.*/# AMR ${currentversion}/" NEWS.md
echo "- Updated version number in ./NEWS.md"
rm -f NEWS.md--
git add NEWS.md

View File

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
# This R package is free software; you can freely use and distribute #
# it for both personal and commercial purposes under the terms of the #
# GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GNU GPL-2), as published by #
# the Free Software Foundation.
# the Free Software Foundation. #
# We created this package for both routine data analysis and academic #
# research and it was publicly released in the hope that it will be #
# useful, but it comes WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OR LIABILITY. #
@@ -28,18 +28,37 @@
# ==================================================================== #
on:
pull_request:
# run in each PR in this repo
branches: '**'
push:
branches: '**'
pull_request:
branches: '**'
schedule:
# also run a schedule everyday at 1 AM.
# this is to check that all dependencies are still available (see R/zzz.R)
- cron: '0 1 * * *'
name: lintr
name: check-recent-dev-pkgs
jobs:
lintr:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
R-code-check:
runs-on: ${{ matrix.config.os }}
continue-on-error: ${{ matrix.config.allowfail }}
name: ${{ matrix.config.os }} (dev-pkgs)
strategy:
fail-fast: false
matrix:
config:
# current 'release' version on Ubuntu
- {os: ubuntu-latest, r: 'release', allowfail: false}
env:
GITHUB_PAT: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
R_KEEP_PKG_SOURCE: yes
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
@@ -47,39 +66,21 @@ jobs:
- uses: r-lib/actions/setup-r@v2
with:
r-version: release
# use RStudio Package Manager to quickly install packages
use-public-rspm: true
r-version: ${{ matrix.config.r }}
use-public-rspm: false
extra-repositories: >
https://tidyverse.r-universe.dev
https://r-lib.r-universe.dev
https://tidymodels.r-universe.dev
https://yihui.r-universe.dev
- uses: r-lib/actions/setup-r-dependencies@v2
with:
extra-packages: |
any::lintr
any::cyclocomp
any::roxygen2
any::devtools
any::usethis
- name: Remove unneeded folders
run: |
# do not check these folders
rm -rf data-raw
rm -rf tests
rm -rf vignettes
- name: Lint
run: |
# get ALL linters, not just default ones
linters <- getNamespaceExports(asNamespace("lintr"))
linters <- sort(linters[grepl("_linter$", linters)])
# lose deprecated
linters <- linters[!grepl("^(closed_curly|open_curly|paren_brace|semicolon_terminator|consecutive_stopifnot|no_tab|single_quotes|unnecessary_nested_if|unneeded_concatenation)_linter$", linters)]
linters <- linters[linters != "linter"]
# and the ones we find unnnecessary
linters <- linters[!grepl("^(commented_code|extraction_operator|implicit_integer|indentation|line_length|namespace|nonportable_path|object_length|object_name|object_usage|is)_linter$", linters)]
# put the functions in a list
linters_list <- lapply(linters, function(l) eval(parse(text = paste0("lintr::", l, "()")), envir = asNamespace("lintr")))
names(linters_list) <- linters
# run them all!
lintr::lint_package(linters = linters_list, exclusions = list("R/aa_helper_pm_functions.R"))
shell: Rscript {0}
extra-packages: any::rcmdcheck
needs: check
upgrade: 'TRUE'
- uses: r-lib/actions/check-r-package@v2
with:
upload-snapshots: true
build_args: 'c("--no-manual","--compact-vignettes=gs+qpdf")'

View File

@@ -50,11 +50,11 @@ jobs:
# For these old versions, dependencies and vignettes will not be checked.
# For recent R versions, see check-recent.yaml (r-lib and tidyverse support the latest 5 major R releases).
- {os: ubuntu-latest, r: '3.6', allowfail: false}
# - {os: windows-latest, r: '3.5', allowfail: true} # always fails, horrible with UTF-8
- {os: ubuntu-latest, r: '3.4', allowfail: false}
- {os: ubuntu-latest, r: '3.3', allowfail: false}
- {os: ubuntu-latest, r: '3.2', allowfail: false}
- {os: ubuntu-latest, r: '3.1', allowfail: false}
# - {os: windows-latest, r: '3.5', allowfail: false} # always fails, horrible with UTF-8
# - {os: ubuntu-latest, r: '3.4', allowfail: false} # 3.1-3.4 now always fails with Error in grep(warn_re, lines, invert = TRUE, value = TRUE) attempt to set index 46/46 in SET_STRING_ELT
# - {os: ubuntu-latest, r: '3.3', allowfail: false}
# - {os: ubuntu-latest, r: '3.2', allowfail: false}
# - {os: ubuntu-latest, r: '3.1', allowfail: false}
- {os: ubuntu-latest, r: '3.0', allowfail: false}
env:
@@ -76,9 +76,14 @@ jobs:
- uses: r-lib/actions/setup-pandoc@v2
- name: Install tinytest from CRAN
- name: Install suggested pkgs (and tinytest) from CRAN
run: |
install.packages("tinytest", repos = "https://cran.r-project.org")
desc_lines <- readLines('DESCRIPTION')
suggests <- readLines('DESCRIPTION')[grepl("^(Suggests:| )", readLines('DESCRIPTION'))]
suggests <- suggests[(which(grepl("^Suggests", suggests)) + 1):length(suggests)]
suggests <- gsub("[ ,]", "", suggests)
pkgs <- unique(c(suggests, "tinytest"))
for (p in pkgs) try(install.packages(p, repos = "https://cran.r-project.org"), silent = TRUE)
shell: Rscript {0}
- name: Show session info

View File

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ jobs:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
env:
PYPI_PAT: ${{ secrets.PYPI_PAT }}
GH_REPO_SCOPE: ${{ secrets.GH_REPO_SCOPE }}
steps:
- name: Checkout code
@@ -78,6 +78,7 @@ jobs:
cd PythonPackage/AMR
python -m twine upload --repository-url https://test.pypi.org/legacy/ dist/*
# TODO - Support Miniconda and Anaconda too
# - name: Set up Miniconda
# continue-on-error: true
# uses: conda-incubator/setup-miniconda@v2
@@ -117,7 +118,7 @@ jobs:
rm -rf PythonPackage
git init
git remote add origin https://$PYPI_PAT@github.com/msberends/AMR
git remote add origin https://$GH_REPO_SCOPE@github.com/msberends/AMR
git checkout --orphan python-wrapper
git config user.name "github-actions[bot]"
git config user.email "github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com"
@@ -125,4 +126,4 @@ jobs:
git rm -rf . || true
git add .
git commit -m "Python wrapper update"
git push https://$PYPI_PAT@github.com/msberends/AMR.git python-wrapper --force
git push https://$GH_REPO_SCOPE@github.com/msberends/AMR.git python-wrapper --force

View File

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ jobs:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
env:
PYPI_PAT: ${{ secrets.PYPI_PAT }}
GH_REPO_SCOPE: ${{ secrets.GH_REPO_SCOPE }}
steps:
- name: Checkout code
@@ -63,4 +63,4 @@ jobs:
git config user.email "github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com"
git add latest_training_data.txt
git commit -m "GPT training data update"
git push https://$PYPI_PAT@github.com/msberends/amr-for-r-assistant.git main --force
git push https://$GH_REPO_SCOPE@github.com/msberends/amr-for-r-assistant.git main --force

84
.github/workflows/todo-tracker.yml vendored Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
# ==================================================================== #
# TITLE: #
# AMR: An R Package for Working with Antimicrobial Resistance Data #
# #
# SOURCE CODE: #
# https://github.com/msberends/AMR #
# #
# PLEASE CITE THIS SOFTWARE AS: #
# Berends MS, Luz CF, Friedrich AW, et al. (2022). #
# AMR: An R Package for Working with Antimicrobial Resistance Data. #
# Journal of Statistical Software, 104(3), 1-31. #
# https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v104.i03 #
# #
# Developed at the University of Groningen and the University Medical #
# Center Groningen in The Netherlands, in collaboration with many #
# colleagues from around the world, see our website. #
# #
# This R package is free software; you can freely use and distribute #
# it for both personal and commercial purposes under the terms of the #
# GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GNU GPL-2), as published by #
# the Free Software Foundation. #
# We created this package for both routine data analysis and academic #
# research and it was publicly released in the hope that it will be #
# useful, but it comes WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OR LIABILITY. #
# #
# Visit our website for the full manual and a complete tutorial about #
# how to conduct AMR data analysis: https://amr-for-r.org #
# ==================================================================== #
on:
push:
# only on main
branches: "main"
name: Update TODO Tracker
jobs:
update-todo:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
- name: Generate TODO list from R/
run: |
export TZ=Europe/Amsterdam
last_updated=$(date +"%e %B %Y %H:%M:%S %Z" | sed 's/^ *//')
echo "## \`TODO\` Report" > todo.md
echo "" >> todo.md
echo "**Last Updated: ${last_updated}**" >> todo.md
echo "" >> todo.md
echo "_This overview is automatically updated on each push to \`main\`. It provides an automated overview of all mentions of the text \`TODO\`._" >> todo.md
echo "" >> todo.md
todos=$(grep -rn --include=\*.{R,Rmd,yaml,yml,md,css,js} --exclude={todo-tracker.yml,todo.md} "TODO" . || true)
if [ -z "$todos" ]; then
echo "✅ No TODOs found." >> todo.md
else
echo "$todos" | awk -F: -v repo="https://github.com/msberends/AMR/blob/main/" '
{
file = $1
gsub("^\\./", "", file) # remove leading ./ if present
line = $2
text = substr($0, index($0,$3))
if (file != last_file) {
if (last_file != "") print "```"
print ""
print "### [`" file "`](" repo file ")"
print "```r"
last_file = file
}
printf "L%s: %s\n", line, text
}
' >> todo.md
echo "\`\`\`" >> todo.md
fi
- name: Update GitHub issue
uses: peter-evans/create-or-update-comment@v4
with:
token: ${{ secrets.GH_REPO_SCOPE }}
issue-number: 231
comment-id: 3253439219
body-file: todo.md
edit-mode: replace

View File

@@ -42,16 +42,15 @@ jobs:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
- name: checkout
uses: actions/checkout@v4
with:
# this is to keep timestamps, the default fetch-depth: 1 gets the timestamps of the moment of cloning
# we need this for the download page on our website - dates must be of the files, not of the latest git push
fetch-depth: 0
- name: Preserve timestamps
run: |
sudo apt install git-restore-mtime
git restore-mtime
- name: restore timestamps
uses: chetan/git-restore-mtime-action@v2
- uses: r-lib/actions/setup-pandoc@v2

1
.gitignore vendored
View File

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
Meta
doc
docs
.Renviron
.Rproj.user
.Rhistory

View File

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
Version: 3.0.0
Date: 2025-06-01 16:52:53 UTC
SHA: 79038fed2169a25a7fc067c80bb25d9d78be21d9
Version: 3.0.1
Date: 2025-09-20 10:56:46 UTC
SHA: 33fb1849eb5aa6d33828e643c8f5047dd93447e3

View File

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
Package: AMR
Version: 3.0.0.9017
Date: 2025-07-28
Version: 3.0.1.9008
Date: 2026-01-06
Title: Antimicrobial Resistance Data Analysis
Description: Functions to simplify and standardise antimicrobial resistance (AMR)
data analysis and to work with microbial and antimicrobial properties by
@@ -27,10 +27,10 @@ Authors@R: c(
person(given = c("Judith", "M."), family = "Fonville", role = "ctb"),
person(given = c("Kathryn"), family = "Holt", role = "ctb", comment = c(ORCID = "0000-0003-3949-2471")),
person(given = c("Larisse"), family = "Bolton", role = "ctb", comment = c(ORCID = "0000-0001-7879-2173")),
person(given = c("Matthew"), family = "Saab", role = "ctb"),
person(given = c("Matthew"), family = "Saab", role = "ctb", comment = c(ORCID = "0009-0008-6626-7919")),
person(given = c("Natacha"), family = "Couto", role = "ctb", comment = c(ORCID = "0000-0002-9152-5464")),
person(given = c("Peter"), family = "Dutey-Magni", role = "ctb", comment = c(ORCID = "0000-0002-8942-9836")),
person(given = c("Rogier", "P."), family = "Schade", role = "ctb"),
person(given = c("Rogier", "P."), family = "Schade", role = "ctb", comment = c(ORCID = "0000-0002-9487-4467")),
person(given = c("Sofia"), family = "Ny", role = "ctb", comment = c(ORCID = "0000-0002-2017-1363")),
person(given = c("Alex", "W."), family = "Friedrich", role = "ths", comment = c(ORCID = "0000-0003-4881-038X")),
person(given = c("Bhanu", "N.", "M."), family = "Sinha", role = "ths", comment = c(ORCID = "0000-0003-1634-0010")),
@@ -70,5 +70,5 @@ BugReports: https://github.com/msberends/AMR/issues
License: GPL-2 | file LICENSE
Encoding: UTF-8
LazyData: true
RoxygenNote: 7.3.2
RoxygenNote: 7.3.3
Roxygen: list(markdown = TRUE, old_usage = TRUE)

View File

@@ -161,6 +161,8 @@ export(administrable_per_os)
export(age)
export(age_groups)
export(all_antimicrobials)
export(all_disk)
export(all_disk_predictors)
export(all_mic)
export(all_mic_predictors)
export(all_sir)
@@ -319,6 +321,7 @@ export(oxazolidinones)
export(pca)
export(penicillins)
export(phenicols)
export(phosphonics)
export(polymyxins)
export(proportion_I)
export(proportion_IR)
@@ -358,6 +361,7 @@ export(sir_df)
export(sir_interpretation_history)
export(sir_predict)
export(skewness)
export(spiropyrimidinetriones)
export(step_mic_log2)
export(step_sir_numeric)
export(streptogramins)
@@ -381,6 +385,8 @@ if(getRversion() >= "3.0.0") S3method(ggplot2::fortify, disk)
if(getRversion() >= "3.0.0") S3method(ggplot2::fortify, mic)
if(getRversion() >= "3.0.0") S3method(ggplot2::fortify, resistance_predict)
if(getRversion() >= "3.0.0") S3method(ggplot2::fortify, sir)
if(getRversion() >= "3.0.0") S3method(ggplot2::scale_type, mic)
if(getRversion() >= "3.0.0") S3method(ggplot2::scale_type, sir)
if(getRversion() >= "3.0.0") S3method(knitr::knit_print, antibiogram)
if(getRversion() >= "3.0.0") S3method(knitr::knit_print, formatted_bug_drug_combinations)
if(getRversion() >= "3.0.0") S3method(pillar::pillar_shaft, ab)
@@ -402,6 +408,7 @@ if(getRversion() >= "3.0.0") S3method(recipes::prep, step_mic_log2)
if(getRversion() >= "3.0.0") S3method(recipes::prep, step_sir_numeric)
if(getRversion() >= "3.0.0") S3method(recipes::tidy, step_mic_log2)
if(getRversion() >= "3.0.0") S3method(recipes::tidy, step_sir_numeric)
if(getRversion() >= "3.0.0") S3method(skimr::get_skimmers, ab)
if(getRversion() >= "3.0.0") S3method(skimr::get_skimmers, disk)
if(getRversion() >= "3.0.0") S3method(skimr::get_skimmers, mic)
if(getRversion() >= "3.0.0") S3method(skimr::get_skimmers, mo)

48
NEWS.md
View File

@@ -1,24 +1,58 @@
# AMR 3.0.0.9017
This is primarily a bugfix release, though we added one nice feature too.
# AMR 3.0.1.9008
### New
* Integration with the **tidymodels** framework to allow seamless use of MIC and SIR data in modelling pipelines via `recipes`
* Integration with the **tidymodels** framework to allow seamless use of SIR, MIC and disk data in modelling pipelines via `recipes`
- `step_mic_log2()` to transform `<mic>` columns with log2, and `step_sir_numeric()` to convert `<sir>` columns to numeric
- New `tidyselect` helpers: `all_mic()`, `all_mic_predictors()`, `all_sir()`, `all_sir_predictors()`
- New `tidyselect` helpers:
- `all_sir()`, `all_sir_predictors()`
- `all_mic()`, `all_mic_predictors()`
- `all_disk()`, `all_disk_predictors()`
* Data set `esbl_isolates` to practise with AMR modelling
* AMR selectors `phosphonics()` and `spiropyrimidinetriones()`
* `ab_group()` gained an argument `all_groups` to return all groups the antimicrobial drug is in (#246)
### Changed
* Fixed a bug in `antibiogram()` for when no antimicrobials are set
* Added taniborbactam (`TAN`) and cefepime/taniborbactam (`FTA`) to the `antimicrobials` data set
* Fixed a bug in `as.sir()` where for numeric input the arguments `S`, `i`, and `R` would not be considered (#244)
* Added explaining message to `as.sir()` when interpreting numeric values (e.g., 1 for S, 2 for I, 3 for R) (#244)
* Updated handling of capped MIC values (`<`, `<=`, `>`, `>=`) in `as.sir()` in the argument `capped_mic_handling`: (#243)
* Introduced four clearly defined options: `"none"`, `"conservative"` (default), `"standard"`, and `"lenient"`
* Interpretation of capped MIC values now consistently returns `"NI"` (non-interpretable) when the true MIC could be at either side of a breakpoint, depending on the selected handling mode
* This results in more reliable behaviour compared to previous versions for capped MIC values
* Removed the `"inverse"` option, which has now become redundant
* Fixed some foreign translations of antimicrobial drugs
* `antimicrobials$group` is now a `list` instead of a `character`, to contain any group the drug is in (#246)
* `ab_group()` now returns values consist with the AMR selectors (#246)
# AMR 3.0.1
This is a bugfix release following the release of v3.0.0 in June 2025.
### Changed
* Fixed bugs introduced by `ggplot2` v4.0.0 (#236)
* MIC scale functions (such as `scale_y_mic()`) will now be applied automatically when plotting values of class `mic`
* SIR scale functions (such as `scale_x_sir()`) will now be applied automatically when plotting values of class `sir`
* Fixed a bug in `antibiogram()` for when no antimicrobials are set
* Fixed a bug in `antibiogram()` to allow column names containing the `+` character (#222)
* Fixed a bug in `as.ab()` for antimicrobial codes with a number in it if they are preceded by a space
* Fixed a bug in `eucast_rules()` for using specific custom rules
* Fixed a bug in `as.sir()` to allow any tidyselect language (#220)
* Fixed a bug in `as.sir()` to pick right breakpoint when `uti = FALSE` (#216)
* Fixed a bug in `ggplot_sir()` when using `combine_SI = FALSE` (#213)
* Fixed a bug in `mdro()` to make sure all genes specified in arguments are acknowledged
* Fixed a bug the `antimicrobials` data set to remove statins (#229)
* Fixed a bug the `microorganisms` data set for MycoBank IDs and synonyms (#233)
* Fixed ATC J01CR05 to map to piperacillin/tazobactam rather than piperacillin/sulbactam (#230)
* Fixed skimmers (`skimr` package) of class `ab`, `sir`, and `disk` (#234)
* Fixed all plotting to contain a separate colour for SDD (susceptible dose-dependent) (#223)
* Fixed some specific Dutch translations for antimicrobials
* Added a warning to `as.ab()` if input resembles antiviral codes or names (#232)
* Added all reasons in verbose output of `mdro()` (#227)
* Added `names` to `age_groups()` so that custom names can be given (#215)
* Added note to `as.sir()` to make it explicit when higher-level taxonomic breakpoints are used (#218)
* Added antibiotic codes from the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database (CARD) to the `antimicrobials` data set (#225)
* Updated Fosfomycin to be of antibiotic class Phosphonics (#225)
* Updated `random_mic()` and `random_disk()` to set skewedness of the distribution and allow multiple microorganisms
@@ -27,7 +61,7 @@ This is primarily a bugfix release, though we added one nice feature too.
This package now supports not only tools for AMR data analysis in clinical settings, but also for veterinary and environmental microbiology. This was made possible through a collaboration with the [University of Prince Edward Island's Atlantic Veterinary College](https://www.upei.ca/avc), Canada. To celebrate this great improvement of the package, we also updated the package logo to reflect this change.
### Breaking
* Dataset `antibiotics` has been renamed to `antimicrobials` as the data set contains more than just antibiotics. Using `antibiotics` will still work, but now returns a warning.
* Data set `antibiotics` has been renamed to `antimicrobials` as the data set contains more than just antibiotics. Using `antibiotics` will still work, but now returns a warning.
* Removed all functions and references that used the deprecated `rsi` class, which were all replaced with their `sir` equivalents over two years ago.
* Functions `resistance_predict()` and `sir_predict()` are now deprecated and will be removed in a future version. Use the `tidymodels` framework instead, for which we [wrote a basic introduction](https://amr-for-r.org/articles/AMR_with_tidymodels.html).
@@ -39,7 +73,7 @@ This package now supports not only tools for AMR data analysis in clinical setti
* `ab_atc()` now supports ATC codes of veterinary antimicrobials (that all start with "Q")
* `ab_url()` now supports retrieving the WHOCC url of their ATCvet pages
* **Support for WISCA antibiograms**
* The `antibiogram()` function now supports creating true Weighted-Incidence Syndromic Combination Antibiograms (WISCA), a powerful Bayesian method for estimating regimen coverage probabilities using pathogen incidence and antimicrobial susceptibility data. WISCA offers improved precision for syndrome-specific treatment, even in datasets with sparse data. A dedicated `wisca()` function is also available for easy usage.
* The `antibiogram()` function now supports creating true Weighted-Incidence Syndromic Combination Antibiograms (WISCA), a powerful Bayesian method for estimating regimen coverage probabilities using pathogen incidence and antimicrobial susceptibility data. WISCA offers improved precision for syndrome-specific treatment, even in data sets with sparse data. A dedicated `wisca()` function is also available for easy usage.
* **More global coverage of languages**
* Added full support for 8 new languages: Arabic, Bengali, Hindi, Indonesian, Korean, Swahili, Urdu, and Vietnamese. The `AMR` package is now available in 28 languages.
* **Major update to fungal taxonomy and tools for mycologists**

View File

@@ -233,6 +233,7 @@ globalVariables(c(
"uti_index",
"value",
"varname",
"where",
"x",
"xvar",
"y",

View File

@@ -485,11 +485,7 @@ word_wrap <- function(...,
}
# format backticks
if (pkg_is_available("cli") &&
tryCatch(isTRUE(getExportedValue("ansi_has_hyperlink_support", ns = asNamespace("cli"))()), error = function(e) FALSE) &&
tryCatch(getExportedValue("isAvailable", ns = asNamespace("rstudioapi"))(), error = function(e) {
return(FALSE)
}) &&
if (pkg_is_available("cli") && in_rstudio() &&
tryCatch(getExportedValue("versionInfo", ns = asNamespace("rstudioapi"))()$version > "2023.6.0.0", error = function(e) {
return(FALSE)
})) {
@@ -970,8 +966,13 @@ get_current_data <- function(arg_name, call) {
# an element `.data` will be in the environment when using dplyr::select()
return(env$`.data`)
} else if (valid_df(env$training)) {
# an element `training` will be in the environment when using some tidymodels functions such as `prep()`
return(env$training)
if (!is.null(env$x) && valid_df(env$x$template)) {
# an element `x$template` will be in the environment when using some tidymodels functions such as `prep()`
return(env$x$template)
} else {
# this is a fallback for some tidymodels functions such as `prep()`
return(env$training)
}
} else if (valid_df(env$data)) {
# an element `data` will be in the environment when using older dplyr versions, or some tidymodels functions such as `fit()`
return(env$data)
@@ -1188,6 +1189,13 @@ reset_all_thrown_messages <- function() {
)
}
in_rstudio <- function() {
identical(Sys.getenv("RSTUDIO"), "1")
}
in_positron <- function() {
identical(Sys.getenv("POSITRON"), "1")
}
has_colour <- function() {
if (is.null(AMR_env$supports_colour)) {
if (Sys.getenv("EMACS") != "" || Sys.getenv("INSIDE_EMACS") != "") {
@@ -1222,7 +1230,7 @@ is_dark <- function() {
AMR_env$current_theme <- tryCatch(getExportedValue("getThemeInfo", ns = asNamespace("rstudioapi"))()$editor, error = function(e) NULL)
if (!identical(AMR_env$current_theme, AMR_env$former_theme) || is.null(AMR_env$is_dark_theme)) {
AMR_env$former_theme <- AMR_env$current_theme
AMR_env$is_dark_theme <- !has_colour() || tryCatch(isTRUE(getExportedValue("getThemeInfo", ns = asNamespace("rstudioapi"))()$dark), error = function(e) FALSE)
AMR_env$is_dark_theme <- !has_colour() || tryCatch(isTRUE(getExportedValue("getThemeInfo", ns = asNamespace("rstudioapi"))()$dark), error = function(e) TRUE)
}
isTRUE(AMR_env$is_dark_theme)
}
@@ -1617,8 +1625,8 @@ get_n_cores <- function(max_cores = Inf) {
# Support `where()` if tidyselect not installed ----
if (!is.null(import_fn("where", "tidyselect", error_on_fail = FALSE))) {
# tidyselect::where() exists, load the namespace to make `where()`s work across the package in default arguments
loadNamespace("tidyselect")
# tidyselect::where() exists, retrieve from their namespace to make `where()`s work across the package in default arguments
where <- tidyselect::where
} else {
where <- function(fn) {
# based on https://github.com/nathaneastwood/poorman/blob/52eb6947e0b4430cd588976ed8820013eddf955f/R/where.R#L17-L32

View File

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
#' @section Options:
#' * `AMR_antibiogram_formatting_type` \cr A [numeric] (1-22) to use in [antibiogram()], to indicate which formatting type to use.
#' * `AMR_breakpoint_type` \cr A [character] to use in [as.sir()], to indicate which breakpoint type to use. This must be either `r vector_or(clinical_breakpoints$type)`.
#' * `AMR_capped_mic_handling` \cr A [character] to use in [as.sir()], to indicate how capped MIC values (`<`, `<=`, `>`, `>=`) should be interpreted. Must be one of `"standard"`, `"strict"`, `"relaxed"`, or `"inverse"` - the default is `"standard"`.
#' * `AMR_capped_mic_handling` \cr A [character] to use in [as.sir()], to indicate how capped MIC values (`<`, `<=`, `>`, `>=`) should be interpreted. Must be one of `"none"`, `"conservative"`, `"standard"`, or `"lenient"` - the default is `"conservative"`.
#' * `AMR_cleaning_regex` \cr A [regular expression][base::regex] (case-insensitive) to use in [as.mo()] and all [`mo_*`][mo_property()] functions, to clean the user input. The default is the outcome of [mo_cleaning_regex()], which removes texts between brackets and texts such as "species" and "serovar".
#' * `AMR_custom_ab` \cr A file location to an RDS file, to use custom antimicrobial drugs with this package. This is explained in [add_custom_antimicrobials()].
#' * `AMR_custom_mo` \cr A file location to an RDS file, to use custom microorganisms with this package. This is explained in [add_custom_microorganisms()].

21
R/ab.R
View File

@@ -202,6 +202,9 @@ as.ab <- function(x, flag_multiple_results = TRUE, language = get_AMR_locale(),
if (sum(already_known) < length(x)) {
progress <- progress_ticker(n = sum(!already_known), n_min = 25, print = info) # start if n >= 25
on.exit(close(progress))
if (any(x_new[!already_known & !is.na(x_new)] %in% unlist(AMR_env$AV_lookup$generalised_all, use.names = FALSE), na.rm = TRUE)) {
warning_("in `as.ab()`: some input seems to resemble antiviral drugs - use `as.av()` or e.g. `av_name()` for these, not `as.ab()` or e.g. `ab_name()`.")
}
}
for (i in which(!already_known)) {
@@ -448,7 +451,7 @@ as.ab <- function(x, flag_multiple_results = TRUE, language = get_AMR_locale(),
x_unknown <- x_unknown[!x_unknown %in% c("", NA)]
if (length(x_unknown) > 0 && fast_mode == FALSE) {
warning_(
"in `as.ab()`: these values could not be coerced to a valid antimicrobial ID: ",
"in `as.ab()`: ", ifelse(length(unique(x_unknown)) == 1, "this value", "these values"), " could not be coerced to a valid antimicrobial ID: ",
vector_and(x_unknown), "."
)
}
@@ -511,7 +514,7 @@ pillar_shaft.ab <- function(x, ...) {
out[is.na(x)] <- font_na(NA)
# add the names to the drugs as mouse-over!
if (tryCatch(isTRUE(getExportedValue("ansi_has_hyperlink_support", ns = asNamespace("cli"))()), error = function(e) FALSE)) {
if (in_rstudio()) {
out[!is.na(x)] <- font_url(
url = paste0(x[!is.na(x)], ": ", ab_name(x[!is.na(x)])),
txt = out[!is.na(x)]
@@ -627,6 +630,20 @@ rep.ab <- function(x, ...) {
out
}
# this prevents the requirement for putting the dependency in Imports:
#' @rawNamespace if(getRversion() >= "3.0.0") S3method(skimr::get_skimmers, ab)
get_skimmers.ab <- function(column) {
ab <- as.ab(column, info = FALSE)
ab <- ab[!is.na(ab)]
skimr::sfl(
skim_type = "ab",
n_unique = ~ length(unique(ab)),
top_ab = ~ names(sort(-table(ab)))[1L],
top_ab_name = ~ names(sort(-table(ab_name(ab, info = FALSE))))[1L],
top_group = ~ names(sort(-table(ab_group(ab, info = FALSE))))[1L]
)
}
generalise_antibiotic_name <- function(x) {
x <- toupper(x)
# remove suffices

View File

@@ -164,10 +164,29 @@ ab_tradenames <- function(x, ...) {
#' @rdname ab_property
#' @export
ab_group <- function(x, language = get_AMR_locale(), ...) {
ab_group <- function(x, language = get_AMR_locale(), all_groups = FALSE, ...) {
meet_criteria(x, allow_NA = TRUE)
language <- validate_language(language)
translate_into_language(ab_validate(x = x, property = "group", ...), language = language, only_affect_ab_names = TRUE)
meet_criteria(all_groups, allow_class = "logical", has_length = 1)
grps <- ab_validate(x = x, property = "group", ...)
for (i in seq_along(grps)) {
# take the first match based on ABX_PRIORITY_LIST
if (all_groups == FALSE) {
grps[[i]] <- grps[[i]][1]
} else if (length(grps[[i]]) > 1) {
grps[[i]] <- grps[[i]][grps[[i]] != "Beta-lactamase inhibitors"] # leave these out if there are other groups
}
if (language != "en") {
grps[[i]] <- translate_into_language(grps[[i]], language = language, only_affect_ab_names = TRUE)
}
}
names(grps) <- x
if (length(grps) == 1 || all_groups == FALSE) {
unname(unlist(grps))
} else {
grps
}
}
#' @rdname ab_property

View File

@@ -425,6 +425,14 @@ phenicols <- function(only_sir_columns = FALSE, return_all = TRUE, ...) {
amr_select_exec("phenicols", only_sir_columns = only_sir_columns, return_all = return_all)
}
#' @rdname antimicrobial_selectors
#' @export
phosphonics <- function(only_sir_columns = FALSE, return_all = TRUE, ...) {
meet_criteria(only_sir_columns, allow_class = "logical", has_length = 1)
meet_criteria(return_all, allow_class = "logical", has_length = 1)
amr_select_exec("phosphonics", only_sir_columns = only_sir_columns, return_all = return_all)
}
#' @rdname antimicrobial_selectors
#' @export
polymyxins <- function(only_sir_columns = FALSE, only_treatable = TRUE, return_all = TRUE, ...) {
@@ -450,6 +458,14 @@ rifamycins <- function(only_sir_columns = FALSE, return_all = TRUE, ...) {
amr_select_exec("rifamycins", only_sir_columns = only_sir_columns, return_all = return_all)
}
#' @rdname antimicrobial_selectors
#' @export
spiropyrimidinetriones <- function(only_sir_columns = FALSE, return_all = TRUE, ...) {
meet_criteria(only_sir_columns, allow_class = "logical", has_length = 1)
meet_criteria(return_all, allow_class = "logical", has_length = 1)
amr_select_exec("spiropyrimidinetriones", only_sir_columns = only_sir_columns, return_all = return_all)
}
#' @rdname antimicrobial_selectors
#' @export
streptogramins <- function(only_sir_columns = FALSE, return_all = TRUE, ...) {
@@ -685,7 +701,7 @@ amr_select_exec <- function(function_name,
}
# untreatable drugs
untreatable <- AMR_env$AB_lookup$ab[which(AMR_env$AB_lookup$name %like% "(-high|EDTA|polysorbate|macromethod|screening|nacubactam)")]
untreatable <- AMR_env$AB_lookup$ab[which(AMR_env$AB_lookup$name %like% "(-high|EDTA|polysorbate|macromethod|screening|nacubactam|inducible)")]
if (!is.null(vars_df) && only_treatable == TRUE) {
if (any(untreatable %in% names(ab_in_data))) {
if (message_not_thrown_before(function_name, "amr_class", "untreatable")) {
@@ -713,9 +729,9 @@ amr_select_exec <- function(function_name,
if (is.null(amr_class_args) || isTRUE(function_name %in% c("antifungals", "antimycobacterials"))) {
ab_group <- NULL
if (isTRUE(function_name == "antifungals")) {
abx <- AMR_env$AB_lookup$ab[which(AMR_env$AB_lookup$group == "Antifungals")]
abx <- AMR_env$AB_lookup$ab[which(vapply(FUN.VALUE = logical(1), AMR_env$AB_lookup$group, function(x) "Antifungals" %in% x))]
} else if (isTRUE(function_name == "antimycobacterials")) {
abx <- AMR_env$AB_lookup$ab[which(AMR_env$AB_lookup$group == "Antimycobacterials")]
abx <- AMR_env$AB_lookup$ab[which(vapply(FUN.VALUE = logical(1), AMR_env$AB_lookup$group, function(x) "Antimycobacterials" %in% x))]
} else {
# their upper case equivalent are vectors with class 'ab', created in data-raw/_pre_commit_checks.R
# carbapenems() gets its codes from AMR:::AB_CARBAPENEMS
@@ -723,7 +739,11 @@ amr_select_exec <- function(function_name,
# manually added codes from add_custom_antimicrobials() must also be supported
if (length(AMR_env$custom_ab_codes) > 0) {
custom_ab <- AMR_env$AB_lookup[which(AMR_env$AB_lookup$ab %in% AMR_env$custom_ab_codes), ]
check_string <- paste0(custom_ab$group, custom_ab$atc_group1, custom_ab$atc_group2)
check_string <- paste0(
vapply(FUN.VALUE = character(1), custom_ab$group, function(x) paste(x, collapse = " ")),
custom_ab$atc_group1,
custom_ab$atc_group2
)
if (function_name == "betalactams") {
find_group <- "beta[-]?lactams"
} else if (function_name %like% "cephalosporins_") {
@@ -1001,11 +1021,11 @@ find_ab_names <- function(ab_group, n = 3) {
# try popular first, they have DDDs
drugs <- AMR_env$AB_lookup[which((!is.na(AMR_env$AB_lookup$iv_ddd) | !is.na(AMR_env$AB_lookup$oral_ddd)) &
AMR_env$AB_lookup$name %unlike% " " &
AMR_env$AB_lookup$group %like% ab_group &
vapply(FUN.VALUE = character(1), AMR_env$AB_lookup$group, function(x) paste(x, collapse = " ")) %like% ab_group &
AMR_env$AB_lookup$ab %unlike% "[0-9]$"), ]$name
if (length(drugs) < n) {
# now try it all
drugs <- AMR_env$AB_lookup[which((AMR_env$AB_lookup$group %like% ab_group |
drugs <- AMR_env$AB_lookup[which((vapply(FUN.VALUE = character(1), AMR_env$AB_lookup$group, function(x) paste(x, collapse = " ")) %like% ab_group |
AMR_env$AB_lookup$atc_group1 %like% ab_group |
AMR_env$AB_lookup$atc_group2 %like% ab_group) &
AMR_env$AB_lookup$ab %unlike% "[0-9]$"), ]$name

View File

@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@
#' antimicrobials = c("TZP", "TZP+TOB", "TZP+GEN"))
#' ```
#'
#' WISCA uses a sophisticated Bayesian decision model to combine both local and pooled antimicrobial resistance data. This approach not only evaluates local patterns but can also draw on multi-centre datasets to improve regimen accuracy, even in low-incidence infections like paediatric bloodstream infections (BSIs).
#' WISCA uses a sophisticated Bayesian decision model to combine both local and pooled antimicrobial resistance data. This approach not only evaluates local patterns but can also draw on multi-centre data sets to improve regimen accuracy, even in low-incidence infections like paediatric bloodstream infections (BSIs).
#'
#' ### Grouped tibbles
#'
@@ -453,7 +453,7 @@ antibiogram.default <- function(x,
deprecation_warning("antibiotics", "antimicrobials", fn = "antibiogram", is_argument = TRUE)
antimicrobials <- list(...)$antibiotics
}
meet_criteria(antimicrobials, allow_class = c("character", "numeric", "integer"), allow_NA = FALSE, allow_NULL = FALSE)
meet_criteria(antimicrobials, allow_class = c("character", "numeric", "integer", "function"), allow_NA = FALSE, allow_NULL = FALSE)
if (!is.function(mo_transform)) {
meet_criteria(mo_transform, allow_class = "character", has_length = 1, is_in = c("name", "shortname", "gramstain", colnames(AMR::microorganisms)), allow_NULL = TRUE, allow_NA = TRUE)
}
@@ -518,6 +518,10 @@ antibiogram.default <- function(x,
# get antimicrobials
ab_trycatch <- tryCatch(colnames(suppressWarnings(x[, antimicrobials, drop = FALSE])), error = function(e) NULL)
if (is.null(ab_trycatch)) {
# try with tidyverse
ab_trycatch <- tryCatch(colnames(dplyr::select(x, {{ antimicrobials }})), error = function(e) NULL)
}
if (is.null(ab_trycatch)) {
stop_ifnot(is.character(suppressMessages(antimicrobials)), "`antimicrobials` must be an antimicrobial selector, or a character vector.")
antimicrobials.bak <- antimicrobials
@@ -580,7 +584,7 @@ antibiogram.default <- function(x,
if (length(existing_ab_combined_cols) > 0 && !is.null(ab_transform)) {
ab_transform <- NULL
warning_(
"Detected column name(s) containing the '+' character, which conflicts with the expected syntax in `antibiogram()`: the '+' is used to combine separate antimicrobial agent columns (e.g., \"AMP+GEN\").\n\n",
"Detected column name(s) containing the '+' character, which conflicts with the expected syntax in `antibiogram()`: the '+' is used to combine separate antimicrobial drug columns (e.g., \"AMP+GEN\").\n\n",
"To avoid incorrectly guessing which antimicrobials this represents, `ab_transform` was automatically set to `NULL`.\n\n",
"If this is unintended, please rename the column(s) to avoid using '+' in the name, or set `ab_transform = NULL` explicitly to suppress this message."
)

View File

@@ -99,7 +99,8 @@ atc_online_property <- function(atc_code,
read_html <- import_fn("read_html", "xml2")
if (!all(atc_code %in% unlist(AMR::antimicrobials$atc))) {
atc_code <- as.character(ab_atc(atc_code, only_first = TRUE))
missing <- atc_code %unlike% "[A-Z][0-9][0-9][A-Z][A-Z][0-9][0-9]"
atc_code[missing] <- as.character(ab_atc(atc_code[missing], only_first = TRUE))
}
if (!has_internet()) {

View File

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
#' - `ab`\cr antimicrobial ID as used in this package (such as `AMC`), using the official EARS-Net (European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network) codes where available. ***This is a unique identifier.***
#' - `cid`\cr Compound ID as found in PubChem. ***This is a unique identifier.***
#' - `name`\cr Official name as used by WHONET/EARS-Net or the WHO. ***This is a unique identifier.***
#' - `group`\cr A short and concise group name, based on WHONET and WHOCC definitions
#' - `group`\cr One or more short and concise group names, based on WHONET and WHOCC definitions
#' - `atc`\cr ATC codes (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical) as defined by the WHOCC, like `J01CR02` (last updated `r documentation_date(TAXONOMY_VERSION$ATC_DDD$accessed_date)`):
#' - `atc_group1`\cr Official pharmacological subgroup (3rd level ATC code) as defined by the WHOCC, like `"Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins"`
#' - `atc_group2`\cr Official chemical subgroup (4th level ATC code) as defined by the WHOCC, like `"Macrolides"`
@@ -282,7 +282,7 @@
#' Data Set with Clinical Breakpoints for SIR Interpretation
#'
#' @description Data set containing clinical breakpoints to interpret MIC and disk diffusion to SIR values, according to international guidelines. This dataset contain breakpoints for humans, `r length(unique(clinical_breakpoints$host[!clinical_breakpoints$host %in% clinical_breakpoints$type]))` different animal groups, and ECOFFs.
#' @description Data set containing clinical breakpoints to interpret MIC and disk diffusion to SIR values, according to international guidelines. This data set contains breakpoints for humans, `r length(unique(clinical_breakpoints$host[!clinical_breakpoints$host %in% clinical_breakpoints$type]))` different animal groups, and ECOFFs.
#'
#' These breakpoints are currently implemented:
#' - For **clinical microbiology**: EUCAST `r min(as.integer(gsub("[^0-9]", "", subset(AMR::clinical_breakpoints, guideline %like% "EUCAST" & type == "human")$guideline)))`-`r max(as.integer(gsub("[^0-9]", "", subset(AMR::clinical_breakpoints, guideline %like% "EUCAST" & type == "human")$guideline)))` and CLSI `r min(as.integer(gsub("[^0-9]", "", subset(AMR::clinical_breakpoints, guideline %like% "CLSI" & type == "human")$guideline)))`-`r max(as.integer(gsub("[^0-9]", "", subset(AMR::clinical_breakpoints, guideline %like% "CLSI" & type == "human")$guideline)))`;
@@ -368,7 +368,7 @@
#' @format A [tibble][tibble::tibble] with `r format(nrow(esbl_isolates), big.mark = " ")` observations and `r ncol(esbl_isolates)` variables:
#' - `esbl`\cr Logical indicator if the isolate is ESBL-producing
#' - `genus`\cr Genus of the microorganism
#' - `AMC:COL`\cr MIC values for 17 antimicrobial agents, transformed to class [`mic`] (see [as.mic()])
#' - `AMC:COL`\cr MIC values for 17 antimicrobial drugs, transformed to class [`mic`] (see [as.mic()])
#' @details See our [tidymodels integration][amr-tidymodels] for an example using this data set.
#' @examples
#' esbl_isolates

View File

@@ -236,12 +236,14 @@ rep.disk <- function(x, ...) {
# this prevents the requirement for putting the dependency in Imports:
#' @rawNamespace if(getRversion() >= "3.0.0") S3method(skimr::get_skimmers, disk)
get_skimmers.disk <- function(column) {
column <- as.integer(column)
skimr::sfl(
skim_type = "disk",
min = ~ min(as.double(.), na.rm = TRUE),
max = ~ max(as.double(.), na.rm = TRUE),
median = ~ stats::median(as.double(.), na.rm = TRUE),
n_unique = ~ length(unique(stats::na.omit(.))),
hist = ~ skimr::inline_hist(stats::na.omit(as.double(.)))
p0 = ~ stats::quantile(column, probs = 0, na.rm = TRUE, names = FALSE),
p25 = ~ stats::quantile(column, probs = 0.25, na.rm = TRUE, names = FALSE),
p50 = ~ stats::quantile(column, probs = 0.5, na.rm = TRUE, names = FALSE),
p75 = ~ stats::quantile(column, probs = 0.75, na.rm = TRUE, names = FALSE),
p100 = ~ stats::quantile(column, probs = 1, na.rm = TRUE, names = FALSE),
hist = ~ skimr::inline_hist(stats::na.omit(column), 10)
)
}

View File

@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@
#'
#' All isolates with a microbial ID of `NA` will be excluded as first isolate.
#'
#' ### Different methods
#' ## Different methods
#'
#' According to previously-mentioned sources, there are different methods (algorithms) to select first isolates with increasing reliability: isolate-based, patient-based, episode-based and phenotype-based. All methods select on a combination of the taxonomic genus and species (not subspecies).
#'
@@ -89,21 +89,29 @@
#' | - Major difference in any antimicrobial result | - `first_isolate(x, type = "points")` |
#' | - Any difference in key antimicrobial results | - `first_isolate(x, type = "keyantimicrobials")` |
#'
#' ### Isolate-based
#' **Isolate-based**
#'
#' _Minimum variables required: Microorganism identifier_
#'
#' This method does not require any selection, as all isolates should be included. It does, however, respect all arguments set in the [first_isolate()] function. For example, the default setting for `include_unknown` (`FALSE`) will omit selection of rows without a microbial ID.
#'
#' ### Patient-based
#' **Patient-based**
#'
#' To include every genus-species combination per patient once, set the `episode_days` to `Inf`. This method makes sure that no duplicate isolates are selected from the same patient. This method is preferred to e.g. identify the first MRSA finding of each patient to determine the incidence. Conversely, in a large longitudinal data set, this could mean that isolates are *excluded* that were found years after the initial isolate.
#' _Minimum variables required: Microorganism identifier, Patient identifier_
#'
#' ### Episode-based
#' This method includes every genus-species combination per patient once. This method makes sure that no duplicate isolates are selected from the same patient. This method is preferred to e.g. identify the first MRSA finding of each patient to determine the incidence. Conversely, in a large longitudinal data set, this could mean that isolates are *excluded* that were found years after the initial isolate.
#'
#' To include every genus-species combination per patient episode once, set the `episode_days` to a sensible number of days. Depending on the type of analysis, this could be 14, 30, 60 or 365. Short episodes are common for analysing specific hospital or ward data or ICU cases, long episodes are common for analysing regional and national data.
#' **Episode-based**
#'
#' _Minimum variables required: Microorganism identifier, Patient identifier, Date_
#'
#' To include every genus-species combination per patient episode once, set the `episode_days` to a sensible number of days. Depending on the type of analysis, this could be e.g., 14, 30, 60 or 365. Short episodes are common for analysing specific hospital or ward data or ICU cases, long episodes are common for analysing regional and national data.
#'
#' This is the most common method to correct for duplicate isolates. Patients are categorised into episodes based on their ID and dates (e.g., the date of specimen receipt or laboratory result). While this is a common method, it does not take into account antimicrobial test results. This means that e.g. a methicillin-resistant *Staphylococcus aureus* (MRSA) isolate cannot be differentiated from a wildtype *Staphylococcus aureus* isolate.
#'
#' ### Phenotype-based
#' **Phenotype-based**
#'
#' _Minimum variables required: Microorganism identifier, Patient identifier, Date, Antimicrobial test results_
#'
#' This is a more reliable method, since it also *weighs* the antibiogram (antimicrobial test results) yielding so-called 'first weighted isolates'. There are two different methods to weigh the antibiogram:
#'

View File

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
#' @inheritParams eucast_rules
#' @param pct_required_classes Minimal required percentage of antimicrobial classes that must be available per isolate, rounded down. For example, with the default guideline, 17 antimicrobial classes must be available for *S. aureus*. Setting this `pct_required_classes` argument to `0.5` (default) means that for every *S. aureus* isolate at least 8 different classes must be available. Any lower number of available classes will return `NA` for that isolate.
#' @param combine_SI A [logical] to indicate whether all values of S and I must be merged into one, so resistance is only considered when isolates are R, not I. As this is the default behaviour of the [mdro()] function, it follows the redefinition by EUCAST about the interpretation of I (increased exposure) in 2019, see section 'Interpretation of S, I and R' below. When using `combine_SI = FALSE`, resistance is considered when isolates are R or I.
#' @param verbose A [logical] to turn Verbose mode on and off (default is off). In Verbose mode, the function does not return the MDRO results, but instead returns a data set in logbook form with extensive info about which isolates would be MDRO-positive, or why they are not.
#' @param verbose A [logical] to turn Verbose mode on and off (default is off). In Verbose mode, the function returns a data set with the MDRO results in logbook form with extensive info about which isolates would be MDRO-positive, or why they are not.
#' @details
#' These functions are context-aware. This means that the `x` argument can be left blank if used inside a [data.frame] call, see *Examples*.
#'
@@ -174,48 +174,23 @@ mdro <- function(x = NULL,
}
# get gene values as TRUE/FALSE
if (is.character(esbl)) {
meet_criteria(esbl, is_in = colnames(x), allow_NA = FALSE, has_length = 1)
esbl <- x[[esbl]]
meet_criteria(esbl, allow_class = "logical", allow_NA = TRUE)
} else if (length(esbl) == 1) {
esbl <- rep(esbl, NROW(x))
}
if (is.character(carbapenemase)) {
meet_criteria(carbapenemase, is_in = colnames(x), allow_NA = FALSE, has_length = 1)
carbapenemase <- x[[carbapenemase]]
meet_criteria(carbapenemase, allow_class = "logical", allow_NA = TRUE)
} else if (length(carbapenemase) == 1) {
carbapenemase <- rep(carbapenemase, NROW(x))
}
if (is.character(mecA)) {
meet_criteria(mecA, is_in = colnames(x), allow_NA = FALSE, has_length = 1)
mecA <- x[[mecA]]
meet_criteria(mecA, allow_class = "logical", allow_NA = TRUE)
} else if (length(mecA) == 1) {
mecA <- rep(mecA, NROW(x))
}
if (is.character(mecC)) {
meet_criteria(mecC, is_in = colnames(x), allow_NA = FALSE, has_length = 1)
mecC <- x[[mecC]]
meet_criteria(mecC, allow_class = "logical", allow_NA = TRUE)
} else if (length(mecC) == 1) {
mecC <- rep(mecC, NROW(x))
}
if (is.character(vanA)) {
meet_criteria(vanA, is_in = colnames(x), allow_NA = FALSE, has_length = 1)
vanA <- x[[vanA]]
meet_criteria(vanA, allow_class = "logical", allow_NA = TRUE)
} else if (length(vanA) == 1) {
vanA <- rep(vanA, NROW(x))
}
if (is.character(vanB)) {
meet_criteria(vanB, is_in = colnames(x), allow_NA = FALSE, has_length = 1)
vanB <- x[[vanB]]
meet_criteria(vanB, allow_class = "logical", allow_NA = TRUE)
} else if (length(vanB) == 1) {
vanB <- rep(vanB, NROW(x))
resolve_gene_var <- function(x, gene, varname) {
if (is.character(gene)) {
meet_criteria(gene, is_in = colnames(x), allow_NA = FALSE, has_length = 1)
gene <- x[[gene]]
meet_criteria(gene, allow_class = "logical", allow_NA = TRUE)
} else if (length(gene) == 1) {
gene <- rep(gene, NROW(x))
}
x[[varname]] <- gene
x
}
x <- resolve_gene_var(x, esbl, "esbl")
x <- resolve_gene_var(x, carbapenemase, "carbapenemase")
x <- resolve_gene_var(x, mecA, "mecA")
x <- resolve_gene_var(x, mecC, "mecC")
x <- resolve_gene_var(x, vanA, "vanA")
x <- resolve_gene_var(x, vanB, "vanB")
info.bak <- info
# don't throw info's more than once per call
@@ -772,7 +747,7 @@ mdro <- function(x = NULL,
)
}
x[rows_to_change, "MDRO"] <<- to
x[rows_to_change, "reason"] <<- reason
x[rows_to_change, "reason"] <<- paste0(x[rows_to_change, "reason", drop = TRUE], "; ", reason)
x[rows_not_to_change, "reason"] <<- "guideline criteria not met"
}
}
@@ -854,7 +829,7 @@ mdro <- function(x = NULL,
x <- left_join_microorganisms(x, by = col_mo)
x$MDRO <- ifelse(!is.na(x$genus), 1, NA_integer_)
x$row_number <- seq_len(nrow(x))
x$reason <- NA_character_
x$reason <- ""
x$all_nonsusceptible_columns <- ""
if (guideline$code == "cmi2012") {
@@ -1498,7 +1473,7 @@ mdro <- function(x = NULL,
}
trans_tbl(
3, # positive
rows = which(x$order == "Enterobacterales" & esbl == TRUE),
rows = which(x$order == "Enterobacterales" & x$esbl == TRUE),
cols = "any",
any_all = "any",
reason = "Enterobacterales: ESBL"
@@ -1519,17 +1494,18 @@ mdro <- function(x = NULL,
)
trans_tbl(
3,
rows = which(x$order == "Enterobacterales" & carbapenemase == TRUE),
rows = which(x$order == "Enterobacterales" & x$carbapenemase == TRUE),
cols = "any",
any_all = "any",
reason = "Enterobacterales: carbapenemase"
)
c.freundii_complex <- AMR::microorganisms.groups$mo_name[AMR::microorganisms.groups$mo_group_name == "Citrobacter freundii complex"]
trans_tbl(
3,
rows = which(col_values(x, SXT) == "R" &
(col_values(x, GEN) == "R" | col_values(x, TOB) == "R" | col_values(x, AMK) == "R") &
(col_values(x, CIP) == "R" | col_values(x, NOR) == "R" | col_values(x, LVX) == "R") &
(x$genus %in% c("Enterobacter", "Providencia") | paste(x$genus, x$species) %in% c("Citrobacter freundii", "Klebsiella aerogenes", "Hafnia alvei", "Morganella morganii"))),
(x$genus %in% c("Enterobacter", "Providencia") | paste(x$genus, x$species) %in% c(c.freundii_complex, "Klebsiella aerogenes", "Hafnia alvei", "Morganella morganii"))),
cols = c(SXT, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones),
any_all = "any",
reason = "Enterobacterales group II: aminoglycoside + fluoroquinolone + cotrimoxazol"
@@ -1557,14 +1533,14 @@ mdro <- function(x = NULL,
)
trans_tbl(
2, # unconfirmed
rows = which(x[[col_mo]] %in% AMR::microorganisms.groups$mo[AMR::microorganisms.groups$mo_group_name == "Acinetobacter baumannii complex"] & is.na(carbapenemase)),
rows = which(x[[col_mo]] %in% AMR::microorganisms.groups$mo[AMR::microorganisms.groups$mo_group_name == "Acinetobacter baumannii complex"] & is.na(x$carbapenemase)),
cols = carbapenems,
any_all = "any",
reason = "A. baumannii-calcoaceticus complex: potential carbapenemase"
)
trans_tbl(
3,
rows = which(x[[col_mo]] %in% AMR::microorganisms.groups$mo[AMR::microorganisms.groups$mo_group_name == "Acinetobacter baumannii complex"] & carbapenemase == TRUE),
rows = which(x[[col_mo]] %in% AMR::microorganisms.groups$mo[AMR::microorganisms.groups$mo_group_name == "Acinetobacter baumannii complex"] & x$carbapenemase == TRUE),
cols = carbapenems,
any_all = "any",
reason = "A. baumannii-calcoaceticus complex: carbapenemase"
@@ -1574,6 +1550,7 @@ mdro <- function(x = NULL,
x$psae <- 0
x$psae <- x$psae + ifelse(NA_as_FALSE(col_values(x, TOB) == "R") | NA_as_FALSE(col_values(x, AMK) == "R"), 1, 0)
x$psae <- x$psae + ifelse(NA_as_FALSE(col_values(x, IPM) == "R") | NA_as_FALSE(col_values(x, MEM) == "R"), 1, 0)
x$psae <- x$psae + ifelse(NA_as_FALSE(x$carbapenemase), 1, 0)
x$psae <- x$psae + ifelse(NA_as_FALSE(col_values(x, PIP) == "R") | NA_as_FALSE(col_values(x, TZP) == "R"), 1, 0)
x$psae <- x$psae + ifelse(NA_as_FALSE(col_values(x, CAZ) == "R") | NA_as_FALSE(col_values(x, CZA) == "R"), 1, 0)
x$psae <- x$psae + ifelse(NA_as_FALSE(col_values(x, CIP) == "R") | NA_as_FALSE(col_values(x, NOR) == "R") | NA_as_FALSE(col_values(x, LVX) == "R"), 1, 0)
@@ -1602,7 +1579,7 @@ mdro <- function(x = NULL,
)
trans_tbl(
3,
rows = which(x$genus == "Enterococcus" & x$species == "faecium" & (vanA == TRUE | vanB == TRUE)),
rows = which(x$genus == "Enterococcus" & x$species == "faecium" & (x$vanA == TRUE | x$vanB == TRUE)),
cols = c(PEN, AMX, AMP, VAN),
any_all = "any",
reason = "E. faecium: vanA/vanB gene + penicillin group"
@@ -1611,14 +1588,14 @@ mdro <- function(x = NULL,
# Staphylococcus aureus complex (= aureus, argenteus or schweitzeri)
trans_tbl(
2,
rows = which(x$genus == "Staphylococcus" & x$species %in% c("aureus", "argenteus", "schweitzeri") & (is.na(mecA) | is.na(mecC))),
rows = which(x$genus == "Staphylococcus" & x$species %in% c("aureus", "argenteus", "schweitzeri") & (is.na(x$mecA) | is.na(x$mecC))),
cols = c(AMC, TZP, FLC, OXA, FOX, FOX1),
any_all = "any",
reason = "S. aureus complex: potential MRSA"
)
trans_tbl(
3,
rows = which(x$genus == "Staphylococcus" & x$species %in% c("aureus", "argenteus", "schweitzeri") & (mecA == TRUE | mecC == TRUE)),
rows = which(x$genus == "Staphylococcus" & x$species %in% c("aureus", "argenteus", "schweitzeri") & (x$mecA == TRUE | x$mecC == TRUE)),
cols = "any",
any_all = "any",
reason = "S. aureus complex: mecA/mecC gene"
@@ -1899,6 +1876,10 @@ mdro <- function(x = NULL,
# fill in empty reasons
x$reason[is.na(x$reason)] <- "not covered by guideline"
x[rows_empty, "reason"] <- paste(x[rows_empty, "reason"], "(note: no available test results)")
# starting semicolons must be removed
x$reason <- trimws(gsub("^;", "", x$reason))
# if criteria were not met initially, but later they were, then they have a following semicolon; remove the initial lack of meeting criteria
x$reason <- trimws(gsub("guideline criteria not met;", "", x$reason, fixed = TRUE))
# format data set
colnames(x)[colnames(x) == col_mo] <- "microorganism"
x$microorganism <- mo_name(x$microorganism, language = NULL)

12
R/mic.R
View File

@@ -596,12 +596,12 @@ get_skimmers.mic <- function(column) {
column <- as.mic(column) # make sure that currently implemented MIC levels are used
skimr::sfl(
skim_type = "mic",
p0 = ~ stats::quantile(., probs = 0, na.rm = TRUE, names = FALSE),
p25 = ~ stats::quantile(., probs = 0.25, na.rm = TRUE, names = FALSE),
p50 = ~ stats::quantile(., probs = 0.5, na.rm = TRUE, names = FALSE),
p75 = ~ stats::quantile(., probs = 0.75, na.rm = TRUE, names = FALSE),
p100 = ~ stats::quantile(., probs = 1, na.rm = TRUE, names = FALSE),
hist = ~ skimr::inline_hist(log2(stats::na.omit(.)), 5)
p0 = ~ stats::quantile(column, probs = 0, na.rm = TRUE, names = FALSE),
p25 = ~ stats::quantile(column, probs = 0.25, na.rm = TRUE, names = FALSE),
p50 = ~ stats::quantile(column, probs = 0.5, na.rm = TRUE, names = FALSE),
p75 = ~ stats::quantile(column, probs = 0.75, na.rm = TRUE, names = FALSE),
p100 = ~ stats::quantile(column, probs = 1, na.rm = TRUE, names = FALSE),
hist = ~ skimr::inline_hist(log2(stats::na.omit(column)), 10)
)
}

16
R/mo.R
View File

@@ -675,7 +675,7 @@ pillar_shaft.mo <- function(x, ...) {
}
# add the names to the bugs as mouse-over!
if (tryCatch(isTRUE(getExportedValue("ansi_has_hyperlink_support", ns = asNamespace("cli"))()), error = function(e) FALSE)) {
if (in_rstudio()) {
out[!x %in% c("UNKNOWN", NA)] <- font_url(
url = paste0(
x[!x %in% c("UNKNOWN", NA)], ": ",
@@ -747,13 +747,17 @@ freq.mo <- function(x, ...) {
# this prevents the requirement for putting the dependency in Imports:
#' @rawNamespace if(getRversion() >= "3.0.0") S3method(skimr::get_skimmers, mo)
get_skimmers.mo <- function(column) {
mo <- as.mo(column, keep_synonyms = TRUE, language = NULL, info = FALSE)
mo <- mo[!is.na(mo)]
spp <- mo[mo_species(mo, keep_synonyms = TRUE, language = NULL, info = FALSE) != ""]
skimr::sfl(
skim_type = "mo",
unique_total = ~ length(unique(stats::na.omit(.))),
gram_negative = ~ sum(mo_is_gram_negative(.), na.rm = TRUE),
gram_positive = ~ sum(mo_is_gram_positive(.), na.rm = TRUE),
top_genus = ~ names(sort(-table(mo_genus(stats::na.omit(.), language = NULL))))[1L],
top_species = ~ names(sort(-table(mo_name(stats::na.omit(.), language = NULL))))[1L]
n_unique = ~ length(unique(mo)),
gram_negative = ~ sum(mo_is_gram_negative(mo, keep_synonyms = TRUE, language = NULL, info = FALSE), na.rm = TRUE),
gram_positive = ~ sum(mo_is_gram_positive(mo, keep_synonyms = TRUE, language = NULL, info = FALSE), na.rm = TRUE),
yeast = ~ sum(mo_is_yeast(mo, keep_synonyms = TRUE, language = NULL, info = FALSE), na.rm = TRUE),
top_genus = ~ names(sort(-table(mo_genus(mo, keep_synonyms = TRUE, language = NULL, info = FALSE))))[1L],
top_species = ~ names(sort(-table(mo_name(spp, keep_synonyms = TRUE, language = NULL, info = FALSE))))[1L],
)
}

View File

@@ -52,11 +52,19 @@
#' @details
#' ### The `scale_*_mic()` Functions
#'
#' The functions [scale_x_mic()], [scale_y_mic()], [scale_colour_mic()], and [scale_fill_mic()] functions allow to plot the [mic][as.mic()] class (MIC values) on a continuous, logarithmic scale. They also allow to rescale the MIC range with an 'inside' or 'outside' range if required, and retain the operators in MIC values (such as `>=`) if desired. Missing intermediate log2 levels will be plotted too.
#' The functions [scale_x_mic()], [scale_y_mic()], [scale_colour_mic()], and [scale_fill_mic()] functions allow to plot the [mic][as.mic()] class (MIC values) on a continuous, logarithmic scale.
#'
#' There is normally no need to add these scale functions to your plot, as they are applied automatically when plotting values of class [mic][as.mic()].
#'
#' When manually added though, they allow to rescale the MIC range with an 'inside' or 'outside' range if required, and provide the option to retain the operators in MIC values (such as `>=`). Missing intermediate log2 levels will always be plotted too.
#'
#' ### The `scale_*_sir()` Functions
#'
#' The functions [scale_x_sir()], [scale_colour_sir()], and [scale_fill_sir()] functions allow to plot the [sir][as.sir()] class in the right order (`r paste(levels(NA_sir_), collapse = " < ")`). At default, they translate the S/I/R values to an interpretative text ("Susceptible", "Resistant", etc.) in any of the `r length(AMR:::LANGUAGES_SUPPORTED)` supported languages (use `language = NULL` to keep S/I/R). Also, except for [scale_x_sir()], they set colour-blind friendly colours to the `colour` and `fill` aesthetics.
#' The functions [scale_x_sir()], [scale_colour_sir()], and [scale_fill_sir()] functions allow to plot the [sir][as.sir()] class in the right order (`r paste(levels(NA_sir_), collapse = " < ")`).
#'
#' There is normally no need to add these scale functions to your plot, as they are applied automatically when plotting values of class [sir][as.sir()].
#'
#' At default, they translate the S/I/R values to an interpretative text ("Susceptible", "Resistant", etc.) in any of the `r length(AMR:::LANGUAGES_SUPPORTED)` supported languages (use `language = NULL` to keep S/I/R). Also, except for [scale_x_sir()], they set colour-blind friendly colours to the `colour` and `fill` aesthetics.
#'
#' ### Additional `ggplot2` Functions
#'
@@ -114,17 +122,12 @@
#' ) +
#' geom_col()
#' mic_plot +
#' labs(title = "without scale_x_mic()")
#' labs(title = "scale_x_mic() automatically applied")
#' }
#' if (require("ggplot2")) {
#' mic_plot +
#' scale_x_mic() +
#' labs(title = "with scale_x_mic()")
#' }
#' if (require("ggplot2")) {
#' mic_plot +
#' scale_x_mic(keep_operators = "all") +
#' labs(title = "with scale_x_mic() keeping all operators")
#' scale_x_mic(keep_operators = "none") +
#' labs(title = "with scale_x_mic() keeping no operators")
#' }
#' if (require("ggplot2")) {
#' mic_plot +
@@ -151,7 +154,7 @@
#' ) +
#' geom_boxplot() +
#' geom_violin(linetype = 2, colour = "grey30", fill = NA) +
#' scale_y_mic()
#' labs(title = "scale_y_mic() automatically applied")
#' }
#' if (require("ggplot2")) {
#' ggplot(
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@
#'
#' # Plotting using scale_y_mic() and scale_colour_sir() ------------------
#' if (require("ggplot2")) {
#' plain <- ggplot(
#' mic_sir_plot <- ggplot(
#' data.frame(
#' mic = some_mic_values,
#' group = some_groups,
@@ -197,21 +200,16 @@
#' theme_minimal() +
#' geom_boxplot(fill = NA, colour = "grey30") +
#' geom_jitter(width = 0.25)
#' labs(title = "scale_y_mic()/scale_colour_sir() automatically applied")
#'
#' plain
#' mic_sir_plot
#' }
#' if (require("ggplot2")) {
#' # and now with our MIC and SIR scale functions:
#' plain +
#' scale_y_mic() +
#' scale_colour_sir()
#' }
#' if (require("ggplot2")) {
#' plain +
#' mic_sir_plot +
#' scale_y_mic(mic_range = c(0.005, 32), name = "Our MICs!") +
#' scale_colour_sir(
#' language = "pt",
#' name = "Support in 27 languages"
#' language = "pt", # Portuguese
#' name = "Support in 28 languages"
#' )
#' }
#' }
@@ -229,6 +227,9 @@
#' plot(some_sir_values)
NULL
#' @rawNamespace if(getRversion() >= "3.0.0") S3method(ggplot2::scale_type, mic)
scale_type.mic <- function(x) c("mic", "discrete")
create_scale_mic <- function(aest, keep_operators, mic_range = NULL, ...) {
ggplot_fn <- getExportedValue(paste0("scale_", aest, "_continuous"),
ns = asNamespace("ggplot2")
@@ -247,6 +248,7 @@ create_scale_mic <- function(aest, keep_operators, mic_range = NULL, ...) {
as.double(rescale_mic(x = as.double(as.mic(x)), keep_operators = keep_operators, mic_range = mic_range, as.mic = TRUE))
}
scale$transform_df <- function(self, df) {
out <- list()
if (!aest %in% colnames(df)) {
# support for geom_hline(), geom_vline(), etc
other_x <- c("xintercept", "xmin", "xmax", "xend", "width")
@@ -258,11 +260,11 @@ create_scale_mic <- function(aest, keep_operators, mic_range = NULL, ...) {
} else {
stop_("No support for plotting df with `scale_", aest, "_mic()` with columns ", vector_and(colnames(df), sort = FALSE))
}
out <- rescale_mic(x = as.double(as.mic(df[[aest_val]])), keep_operators = "none", mic_range = NULL, as.mic = TRUE)
if (!is.null(self$mic_values_rescaled) && any(out < min(self$mic_values_rescaled, na.rm = TRUE) | out > max(self$mic_values_rescaled, na.rm = TRUE), na.rm = TRUE)) {
mics <- rescale_mic(x = as.double(as.mic(df[[aest_val]])), keep_operators = "none", mic_range = NULL, as.mic = TRUE)
if (!is.null(self$mic_values_rescaled) && any(mics < min(self$mic_values_rescaled, na.rm = TRUE) | mics > max(self$mic_values_rescaled, na.rm = TRUE), na.rm = TRUE)) {
warning_("The value for `", aest_val, "` is outside the plotted MIC range, consider using/updating the `mic_range` argument in `scale_", aest, "_mic()`.")
}
df[[aest_val]] <- log2(as.double(out))
out[[aest_val]] <- log2(as.double(mics))
} else {
self$mic_values_rescaled <- rescale_mic(x = as.double(as.mic(df[[aest]])), keep_operators = keep_operators, mic_range = mic_range, as.mic = TRUE)
# create new breaks and labels here
@@ -283,14 +285,18 @@ create_scale_mic <- function(aest, keep_operators, mic_range = NULL, ...) {
self$mic_values_levels[1] <- paste0("<=", self$mic_values_levels[1])
self$mic_values_levels[length(self$mic_values_levels)] <- paste0(">=", self$mic_values_levels[length(self$mic_values_levels)])
}
self$mic_values_log <- log2(as.double(self$mic_values_rescaled))
if (aest == "y" && "group" %in% colnames(df) && "x" %in% colnames(df)) {
df$group <- as.integer(factor(df$x))
if (aest == "y" && "group" %in% colnames(df)) {
if (!"x" %in% colnames(df) || all(is.na(df$x))) {
out$group <- 1
} else {
out$group <- as.integer(factor(df$x))
}
}
df[[aest]] <- self$mic_values_log
out[[aest]] <- self$mic_values_log
}
df
out
}
scale$breaks <- function(..., self) {
@@ -317,7 +323,6 @@ create_scale_mic <- function(aest, keep_operators, mic_range = NULL, ...) {
}
}
}
scale$limits <- function(x, ..., self) {
if (!is.null(self$mic_limits_set)) {
if (is.function(self$mic_limits_set)) {
@@ -329,7 +334,7 @@ create_scale_mic <- function(aest, keep_operators, mic_range = NULL, ...) {
rng <- range(log2(as.mic(self$mic_values_levels)))
# add 0.5 extra space
rng <- c(rng[1] - 0.5, rng[2] + 0.5)
if (!is.na(x[1]) && x[1] == 0) {
if (!is.null(x) && !is.na(x[1]) && x[1] == 0) {
# scale that start at 0 must remain so, e.g. in case of geom_col()
rng[1] <- 0
}
@@ -377,6 +382,9 @@ scale_fill_mic <- function(keep_operators = "edges", mic_range = NULL, ...) {
create_scale_mic("fill", keep_operators = keep_operators, mic_range = mic_range, ...)
}
#' @rawNamespace if(getRversion() >= "3.0.0") S3method(ggplot2::scale_type, sir)
scale_type.sir <- function(x) c("sir", "discrete")
create_scale_sir <- function(aesthetics, colours_SIR, language, eucast_I, ...) {
args <- list(...)
args[c("value", "labels", "limits")] <- NULL

267
R/sir.R
View File

@@ -42,22 +42,22 @@
#' @param capped_mic_handling A [character] string that controls how MIC values with a cap (i.e., starting with `<`, `<=`, `>`, or `>=`) are interpreted. Supports the following options:
#'
#' `"none"`
#' * `<=` and `>=` are treated as-is.
#' * `<` and `>` are treated as-is.
#' * `<=`, `<`, `>` and `>=` are ignored.
#'
#' `"conservative"`
#' * `<=` and `>=` return `"NI"` (non-interpretable) if the MIC is within the breakpoint guideline range.
#' * `<` always returns `"S"`, and `>` always returns `"R"`.
#' `"conservative"` (default)
#' * `<=`, `<`, `>` and `>=` return `"NI"` (non-interpretable) if the *true* MIC could be at either side of the breakpoint.
#' * This is the only mode that preserves uncertainty for ECOFFs.
#'
#' `"standard"` (default)
#' * `<=` and `>=` return `"NI"` (non-interpretable) if the MIC is within the breakpoint guideline range.
#' * `<` and `>` are treated as-is.
#' `"standard"`
#' * `<=` and `>=` return `"NI"` (non-interpretable) if the *true* MIC could be at either side of the breakpoint.
#' * `<` always returns `"S"`, regardless of the breakpoint.
#' * `>` always returns `"R"`, regardless of the breakpoint.
#'
#' `"inverse"`
#' * `<=` and `>=` are treated as-is.
#' * `<` always returns `"S"`, and `>` always returns `"R"`.
#' `"lenient"`
#' * `<=` and `<` always return `"S"`, regardless of the breakpoint.
#' * `>=` and `>` always return `"R"`, regardless of the breakpoint.
#'
#' The default `"standard"` setting ensures cautious handling of uncertain values while preserving interpretability. This option can also be set with the package option [`AMR_capped_mic_handling`][AMR-options].
#' The default `"conservative"` setting ensures cautious handling of uncertain values while preserving interpretability. This option can also be set with the package option [`AMR_capped_mic_handling`][AMR-options].
#' @param add_intrinsic_resistance *(only useful when using a EUCAST guideline)* a [logical] to indicate whether intrinsic antibiotic resistance must also be considered for applicable bug-drug combinations, meaning that e.g. ampicillin will always return "R" in *Klebsiella* species. Determination is based on the [intrinsic_resistant] data set, that itself is based on `r format_eucast_version_nr(3.3)`.
#' @param substitute_missing_r_breakpoint A [logical] to indicate that a missing clinical breakpoints for R (resistant) must be substituted with R - the default is `FALSE`. Some (especially CLSI) breakpoints only have a breakpoint for S, meaning that the outcome can only be `"S"` or `NA`. Setting this to `TRUE` will convert the `NA`s in these cases to `"R"`. Can also be set with the package option [`AMR_substitute_missing_r_breakpoint`][AMR-options].
#' @param include_screening A [logical] to indicate that clinical breakpoints for screening are allowed - the default is `FALSE`. Can also be set with the package option [`AMR_include_screening`][AMR-options].
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@
#' @param reference_data A [data.frame] to be used for interpretation, which defaults to the [clinical_breakpoints] data set. Changing this argument allows for using own interpretation guidelines. This argument must contain a data set that is equal in structure to the [clinical_breakpoints] data set (same column names and column types). Please note that the `guideline` argument will be ignored when `reference_data` is manually set.
#' @param threshold Maximum fraction of invalid antimicrobial interpretations of `x`, see *Examples*.
#' @param conserve_capped_values Deprecated, use `capped_mic_handling` instead.
#' @param ... For using on a [data.frame]: selection of columns to apply `as.sir()` to. Supports [tidyselect language][tidyselect::starts_with()] such as `where(is.mic)`, `starts_with(...)`, or `column1:column4`, and can thus also be [antimicrobial selectors][amr_selector()] such as `as.sir(df, penicillins())`.
#' @param ... For using on a [data.frame]: selection of columns to apply `as.sir()` to. Supports [tidyselect language][tidyselect::starts_with()] such as `where(is.mic)`, `starts_with(...)`, or `column1:column4`, and can thus also be [antimicrobial selectors][amr_selector()], e.g. `as.sir(df, penicillins())`.
#'
#' Otherwise: arguments passed on to methods.
#' @details
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
#' # fast processing with parallel computing:
#' as.sir(your_data, ..., parallel = TRUE)
#' ```
#' * Operators like "<=" will be stripped before interpretation. When using `capped_mic_handling = "conservative"`, an MIC value of e.g. ">2" will always return "R", even if the breakpoint according to the chosen guideline is ">=4". This is to prevent that capped values from raw laboratory data would not be treated conservatively. The default behaviour (`capped_mic_handling = "standard"`) considers ">2" to be lower than ">=4" and might in this case return "S" or "I".
#' * Operators like "<=" will be considered according to the `capped_mic_handling` setting. At default, an MIC value of e.g. ">2" will return "NI" (non-interpretable) if the breakpoint is 4-8; the *true* MIC could be at either side of the breakpoint. This is to prevent that capped values from raw laboratory data would not be treated conservatively.
#' * **Note:** When using CLSI as the guideline, MIC values must be log2-based doubling dilutions. Values not in this format, will be automatically rounded up to the nearest log2 level as CLSI instructs, and a warning will be thrown.
#'
#' 3. For **interpreting disk diffusion diameters** according to EUCAST or CLSI. You must clean your disk zones first using [as.disk()], that also gives your columns the new data class [`disk`]. Also, be sure to have a column with microorganism names or codes. It will be found automatically, but can be set manually using the `mo` argument.
@@ -353,6 +353,10 @@
#'
#' as.sir(c("S", "SDD", "I", "R", "NI", "A", "B", "C"))
#' as.sir("<= 0.002; S") # will return "S"
#'
#' as.sir(c(1, 2, 3))
#' as.sir(c(1, 2, 3), S = 3, I = 2, R = 1)
#'
#' sir_data <- as.sir(c(rep("S", 474), rep("I", 36), rep("R", 370)))
#' is.sir(sir_data)
#' plot(sir_data) # for percentages
@@ -486,18 +490,18 @@ is_sir_eligible <- function(x, threshold = 0.05) {
#' @param info A [logical] to print information about the process, defaults to `TRUE` only in [interactive sessions][base::interactive()].
# extra param: warn (logical, to never throw a warning)
as.sir.default <- function(x,
S = "^(S|U)+$",
I = "^(I)+$",
R = "^(R)+$",
NI = "^(N|NI|V)+$",
SDD = "^(SDD|D|H)+$",
S = "^(S|U|1)+$",
I = "^(I|2)+$",
R = "^(R|3)+$",
NI = "^(N|NI|V|4)+$",
SDD = "^(SDD|D|H|5)+$",
info = interactive(),
...) {
meet_criteria(S, allow_class = "character", has_length = 1)
meet_criteria(I, allow_class = "character", has_length = 1)
meet_criteria(R, allow_class = "character", has_length = 1)
meet_criteria(NI, allow_class = "character", has_length = 1)
meet_criteria(SDD, allow_class = "character", has_length = 1)
meet_criteria(S, allow_class = c("character", "numeric", "integer"), has_length = 1)
meet_criteria(I, allow_class = c("character", "numeric", "integer"), has_length = 1)
meet_criteria(R, allow_class = c("character", "numeric", "integer"), has_length = 1)
meet_criteria(NI, allow_class = c("character", "numeric", "integer"), has_length = 1)
meet_criteria(SDD, allow_class = c("character", "numeric", "integer"), has_length = 1)
meet_criteria(info, allow_class = "logical", has_length = 1)
if (inherits(x, "sir")) {
return(as_sir_structure(x))
@@ -506,30 +510,14 @@ as.sir.default <- function(x,
x.bak <- x
x <- as.character(x) # this is needed to prevent the vctrs pkg from throwing an error
if (inherits(x.bak, c("numeric", "integer")) && all(x %in% c(1:3, NA))) {
lbls <- attr(x.bak, "labels", exact = TRUE)
if (inherits(x.bak, c("numeric", "integer")) && all(x %in% c(1:3, NA)) && !is.null(lbls) && all(c("S", "I", "R") %in% names(lbls)) && all(c(1:3) %in% lbls)) {
# support haven package for importing e.g., from SPSS - it adds the 'labels' attribute
lbls <- attributes(x.bak)$labels
if (!is.null(lbls) && all(c("S", "I", "R") %in% names(lbls)) && all(c(1:3) %in% lbls)) {
x[x.bak == 1] <- names(lbls[lbls == 1])
x[x.bak == 2] <- names(lbls[lbls == 2])
x[x.bak == 3] <- names(lbls[lbls == 3])
} else {
x[x.bak == 1] <- "S"
x[x.bak == 2] <- "I"
x[x.bak == 3] <- "R"
}
} else if (inherits(x.bak, "character") && all(x %in% c("1", "2", "3", "S", "I", "R", NA_character_))) {
x[x.bak == "1"] <- "S"
x[x.bak == "2"] <- "I"
x[x.bak == "3"] <- "R"
} else if (inherits(x.bak, "character") && all(x %in% c("1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "S", "SDD", "I", "R", "NI", NA_character_))) {
x[x.bak == "1"] <- "S"
x[x.bak == "2"] <- "SDD"
x[x.bak == "3"] <- "I"
x[x.bak == "4"] <- "R"
x[x.bak == "5"] <- "NI"
x[x.bak == 1] <- names(lbls[lbls == 1])
x[x.bak == 2] <- names(lbls[lbls == 2])
x[x.bak == 3] <- names(lbls[lbls == 3])
} else if (!all(is.na(x)) && !identical(levels(x), c("S", "SDD", "I", "R", "NI")) && !all(x %in% c("S", "SDD", "I", "R", "NI", NA))) {
if (all(x %unlike% "(S|I|R)", na.rm = TRUE)) {
if (all(x %unlike% "(S|I|R)", na.rm = TRUE) && !all(x %in% c(1, 2, 3, 4, 5), na.rm = TRUE)) {
# check if they are actually MICs or disks
if (all_valid_mics(x)) {
warning_("in `as.sir()`: input values were guessed to be MIC values - preferably transform them with `as.mic()` before running `as.sir()`.")
@@ -569,7 +557,8 @@ as.sir.default <- function(x,
x[x %like% "not|non"] <- "NI"
x[x %like% "([^a-z]|^)int(er(mediate)?)?|incr.*exp"] <- "I"
x[x %like% "dose"] <- "SDD"
x <- gsub("[^A-Z]+", "", x, perl = TRUE)
mtch <- grepl(paste0("(", S, "|", I, "|", R, "|", NI, "|", SDD, "|[A-Z]+)"), x, perl = TRUE)
x[!mtch] <- ""
# apply regexes set by user
x[x %like% S] <- "S"
x[x %like% I] <- "I"
@@ -580,6 +569,22 @@ as.sir.default <- function(x,
na_after <- length(x[is.na(x) | x == ""])
if (!isFALSE(list(...)$warn)) { # so as.sir(..., warn = FALSE) will never throw a warning
if (all(x.bak %in% c(1, 2, 3, 4, 5), na.rm = TRUE) && message_not_thrown_before("as.sir", "numeric_interpretation", x, x.bak)) {
out1 <- unique(x[x.bak == 1])
out2 <- unique(x[x.bak == 2])
out3 <- unique(x[x.bak == 3])
out4 <- unique(x[x.bak == 4])
out5 <- unique(x[x.bak == 5])
out <- c(
ifelse(length(out1) > 0, paste0("1 as \"", out1, "\""), NA_character_),
ifelse(length(out2) > 0, paste0("2 as \"", out2, "\""), NA_character_),
ifelse(length(out3) > 0, paste0("3 as \"", out3, "\""), NA_character_),
ifelse(length(out4) > 0, paste0("4 as \"", out4, "\""), NA_character_),
ifelse(length(out5) > 0, paste0("5 as \"", out5, "\""), NA_character_)
)
message_("in `as.sir()`: Interpreting input value ", vector_and(out[!is.na(out)], quotes = FALSE, sort = FALSE))
}
if (na_before != na_after) {
list_missing <- x.bak[is.na(x) & !is.na(x.bak) & x.bak != ""] %pm>%
unique() %pm>%
@@ -714,7 +719,7 @@ as.sir.data.frame <- function(x,
meet_criteria(col_mo, allow_class = "character", is_in = colnames(x), allow_NULL = TRUE)
meet_criteria(guideline, allow_class = "character")
meet_criteria(uti, allow_class = c("logical", "character"), allow_NULL = TRUE, allow_NA = TRUE)
meet_criteria(capped_mic_handling, allow_class = "character", has_length = 1, is_in = c("standard", "conservative", "none", "inverse"))
meet_criteria(capped_mic_handling, allow_class = "character", has_length = 1, is_in = c("none", "conservative", "standard", "lenient"))
meet_criteria(add_intrinsic_resistance, allow_class = "logical", has_length = 1)
meet_criteria(reference_data, allow_class = "data.frame")
meet_criteria(substitute_missing_r_breakpoint, allow_class = "logical", has_length = 1)
@@ -795,8 +800,8 @@ as.sir.data.frame <- function(x,
col_specimen <- suppressMessages(search_type_in_df(x = x, type = "specimen", info = info))
if (!is.null(col_specimen)) {
uti <- x[, col_specimen, drop = TRUE] %like% "urin"
values <- sort(unique(x[uti, col_specimen, drop = TRUE]))
if (length(values) > 1) {
col_values <- sort(unique(x[uti, col_specimen, drop = TRUE]))
if (length(col_values) > 1) {
plural <- c("s", "", "")
} else {
plural <- c("", "s", "a ")
@@ -804,7 +809,7 @@ as.sir.data.frame <- function(x,
if (isTRUE(info)) {
message_(
"Assuming value", plural[1], " ",
vector_and(values, quotes = TRUE),
vector_and(col_values, quotes = TRUE),
" in column '", font_bold(col_specimen),
"' reflect", plural[2], " ", plural[3], "urinary tract infection", plural[1],
".\n Use `as.sir(uti = FALSE)` to prevent this."
@@ -1117,7 +1122,7 @@ as_sir_method <- function(method_short,
meet_criteria(ab, allow_class = c("ab", "character"), has_length = c(1, length(x)), .call_depth = -2)
meet_criteria(guideline, allow_class = "character", has_length = c(1, length(x)), .call_depth = -2)
meet_criteria(uti, allow_class = c("logical", "character"), has_length = c(1, length(x)), allow_NULL = TRUE, allow_NA = TRUE, .call_depth = -2)
meet_criteria(capped_mic_handling, allow_class = "character", has_length = 1, is_in = c("standard", "conservative", "none", "inverse"), .call_depth = -2)
meet_criteria(capped_mic_handling, allow_class = "character", has_length = 1, is_in = c("none", "conservative", "standard", "lenient"), .call_depth = -2)
meet_criteria(add_intrinsic_resistance, allow_class = "logical", has_length = 1, .call_depth = -2)
meet_criteria(reference_data, allow_class = "data.frame", .call_depth = -2)
meet_criteria(substitute_missing_r_breakpoint, allow_class = "logical", has_length = 1, .call_depth = -2)
@@ -1378,8 +1383,8 @@ as_sir_method <- function(method_short,
# create the unique data frame to be filled to save time
df <- data.frame(
values = x,
values_bak = x,
input_clean = x,
input_original = x,
guideline = guideline_coerced,
mo = mo,
ab = ab,
@@ -1393,7 +1398,7 @@ as_sir_method <- function(method_short,
# CLSI in log 2 ----
# CLSI says: if MIC is not a log2 value it must be rounded up to the nearest log2 value
log2_levels <- as.double(VALID_MIC_LEVELS[which(VALID_MIC_LEVELS %in% 2^c(-20:20))])
test_values <- df$values
test_values <- df$input_clean
test_values_dbl <- as.double(test_values)
test_values_dbl[test_values %like% "^>[0-9]"] <- test_values_dbl[test_values %like% "^>[0-9]"] + 0.0000001
test_values_dbl[test_values %like% "^<[0-9]"] <- test_values_dbl[test_values %like% "^<[0-9]"] - 0.0000001
@@ -1417,12 +1422,12 @@ as_sir_method <- function(method_short,
}
}
)
df$values[which(df$guideline %like% "CLSI" & test_values != test_outcome)] <- test_outcome[which(df$guideline %like% "CLSI" & test_values != test_outcome)]
df$input_clean[which(df$guideline %like% "CLSI" & test_values != test_outcome)] <- test_outcome[which(df$guideline %like% "CLSI" & test_values != test_outcome)]
}
df$values <- as.mic(df$values)
df$input_clean <- as.mic(df$input_clean)
} else if (method == "disk") {
# when as.sir.disk is called directly
df$values <- as.disk(df$values)
df$input_clean <- as.disk(df$input_clean)
}
df_unique <- unique(df[, c("guideline", "mo", "ab", "uti", "host"), drop = FALSE])
@@ -1500,8 +1505,8 @@ as_sir_method <- function(method_short,
# this can happen if a host is unavailable, just continue with the next one, since a note about hosts having NA are already given at this point
next
}
values <- df[rows, "values", drop = TRUE]
values_bak <- df[rows, "values_bak", drop = TRUE]
input_clean <- df[rows, "input_clean", drop = TRUE]
input_original <- df[rows, "input_original", drop = TRUE]
notes_current <- rep("", length(rows))
new_sir <- rep(NA_sir_, length(rows))
@@ -1636,11 +1641,11 @@ as_sir_method <- function(method_short,
ab_given = vectorise_log_entry(ab.bak[match(ab_current, df$ab)][1], length(rows)),
mo_given = vectorise_log_entry(mo.bak[match(mo_current, df$mo)][1], length(rows)),
host_given = vectorise_log_entry(host.bak[match(host_current, df$host)][1], length(rows)),
input_given = vectorise_log_entry(as.character(values_bak), length(rows)),
input_given = vectorise_log_entry(as.character(input_original), length(rows)),
ab = vectorise_log_entry(ab_current, length(rows)),
mo = vectorise_log_entry(mo_current, length(rows)),
host = vectorise_log_entry(host_current, length(rows)),
input = vectorise_log_entry(as.character(values), length(rows)),
input = vectorise_log_entry(as.character(input_clean), length(rows)),
outcome = vectorise_log_entry(NA_sir_, length(rows)),
notes = vectorise_log_entry("No breakpoint available", length(rows)),
guideline = vectorise_log_entry(guideline_current, length(rows)),
@@ -1734,31 +1739,51 @@ as_sir_method <- function(method_short,
""
),
"\n",
ifelse(method == "mic" & capped_mic_handling %in% c("conservative", "inverse") & as.character(values_bak) %like% "^[<][0-9]",
paste0("MIC values with the operator '<' are all considered 'S' since capped_mic_handling = \"", capped_mic_handling, "\"."),
ifelse(method == "mic" & capped_mic_handling == "none" & as.character(input_original) %like% "^[<>][0-9]" &
((as.character(input_original) %like% "^<" & as.double(input_clean) > breakpoints_current$breakpoint_S) |
(as.character(input_original) %like% "^>" & as.double(input_clean) < breakpoints_current$breakpoint_R)),
paste0("Operators such as '<' and '>' were ignored since capped_mic_handling = \"", capped_mic_handling, "\"."),
""
),
"\n",
ifelse(method == "mic" & capped_mic_handling == "standard" & as.character(input_original) %like% "^[<][0-9]",
paste0("MIC values with the operator '<' are considered 'S' since capped_mic_handling = \"", capped_mic_handling, "\"."),
""
),
"\n",
ifelse(method == "mic" & capped_mic_handling %in% c("conservative", "inverse") & as.character(values_bak) %like% "^[>][0-9]",
paste0("MIC values with the operator '>' are all considered 'R' since capped_mic_handling = \"", capped_mic_handling, "\"."),
ifelse(method == "mic" & capped_mic_handling == "standard" & as.character(input_original) %like% "^[>][0-9]",
paste0("MIC values with the operator '>' are considered 'R' since capped_mic_handling = \"", capped_mic_handling, "\"."),
""
),
"\n",
ifelse(method == "mic" & capped_mic_handling %in% c("conservative", "standard") & as.character(values_bak) %like% "^[><]=[0-9]" & as.double(values) > breakpoints_current$breakpoint_S & as.double(values) < breakpoints_current$breakpoint_R,
paste0("MIC values within the breakpoint guideline range with the operator '<=' or '>=' are considered 'NI' (non-interpretable) since capped_mic_handling = \"", capped_mic_handling, "\"."),
ifelse(method == "mic" & capped_mic_handling == "lenient" & as.character(input_original) %like% "^[<]=?[0-9]",
paste0("MIC values with the operator '<' or '<=' are considered 'S' since capped_mic_handling = \"", capped_mic_handling, "\"."),
""
),
"\n",
ifelse(method == "mic" & capped_mic_handling %in% c("conservative", "standard") & as.character(values_bak) %like% "^<=[0-9]" & as.double(values) == breakpoints_current$breakpoint_R,
paste0("MIC values at the R breakpoint with the operator '<=' are considered 'NI' (non-interpretable) since capped_mic_handling = \"", capped_mic_handling, "\"."),
ifelse(method == "mic" & capped_mic_handling == "lenient" & as.character(input_original) %like% "^[>]=?[0-9]",
paste0("MIC values with the operator '>' or '>=' are considered 'R' since capped_mic_handling = \"", capped_mic_handling, "\"."),
""
),
"\n",
ifelse(method == "mic" & capped_mic_handling %in% c("conservative", "standard") & as.character(values_bak) %like% "^>=[0-9]" & as.double(values) == breakpoints_current$breakpoint_S,
paste0("MIC values at the S breakpoint with the operator '>=' are considered 'NI' (non-interpretable) since capped_mic_handling = \"", capped_mic_handling, "\"."),
ifelse(method == "mic" & capped_mic_handling == "conservative" & as.character(input_original) %like% "^[<>][0-9]" &
((as.character(input_original) %like% "^<" & as.double(input_clean) > breakpoints_current$breakpoint_S) |
(as.character(input_original) %like% "^>" & as.double(input_clean) < breakpoints_current$breakpoint_R)),
paste0("MIC values are considered 'NI' (non-interpretable) if the true MIC could be at either side of the breakpoint and capped_mic_handling = \"", capped_mic_handling, "\"."),
""
),
"\n",
ifelse(method == "mic" & capped_mic_handling %in% c("conservative", "standard") & as.character(input_original) %like% "^<=[0-9]" & as.double(input_clean) > breakpoints_current$breakpoint_S,
paste0("MIC values are considered 'NI' (non-interpretable) if the true MIC could be at either side of the breakpoint and capped_mic_handling = \"", capped_mic_handling, "\"."),
""
),
"\n",
ifelse(method == "mic" & capped_mic_handling %in% c("conservative", "standard") & as.character(input_original) %like% "^>=[0-9]" & as.double(input_clean) <= breakpoints_current$breakpoint_R,
paste0("MIC values are considered 'NI' (non-interpretable) if the true MIC could be at either side of the breakpoint and capped_mic_handling = \"", capped_mic_handling, "\"."),
""
)
)
if (isTRUE(substitute_missing_r_breakpoint) && !is.na(breakpoints_current$breakpoint_S) && is.na(breakpoints_current$breakpoint_R)) {
# breakpoints_current only has 1 row at this moment
breakpoints_current$breakpoint_R <- breakpoints_current$breakpoint_S
@@ -1774,27 +1799,62 @@ as_sir_method <- function(method_short,
## actual interpretation ----
if (method == "mic") {
new_sir <- case_when_AMR(
is.na(values) ~ NA_sir_,
capped_mic_handling %in% c("conservative", "inverse") & as.character(values_bak) %like% "^[<][0-9]" ~ as.sir("S"),
capped_mic_handling %in% c("conservative", "inverse") & as.character(values_bak) %like% "^[>][0-9]" ~ as.sir("R"),
capped_mic_handling %in% c("conservative", "standard") & as.character(values_bak) %like% "^[><]=[0-9]" & as.double(values) > breakpoints_current$breakpoint_S & as.double(values) < breakpoints_current$breakpoint_R ~ as.sir("NI"),
capped_mic_handling %in% c("conservative", "standard") & as.character(values_bak) %like% "^<=[0-9]" & as.double(values) == breakpoints_current$breakpoint_R ~ as.sir("NI"),
capped_mic_handling %in% c("conservative", "standard") & as.character(values_bak) %like% "^>=[0-9]" & as.double(values) == breakpoints_current$breakpoint_S ~ as.sir("NI"),
values <= breakpoints_current$breakpoint_S ~ as.sir("S"),
guideline_current %like% "EUCAST" & values > breakpoints_current$breakpoint_R ~ as.sir("R"),
guideline_current %like% "CLSI" & values >= breakpoints_current$breakpoint_R ~ as.sir("R"),
is.na(input_clean) ~ NA_sir_,
# "lenient" for any cap: force S/R
capped_mic_handling == "lenient" &
as.character(input_original) %like% "^[<]=?[0-9]"
~ as.sir("S"),
capped_mic_handling == "lenient" &
as.character(input_original) %like% "^[>]=?[0-9]"
~ as.sir("R"),
# "standard" for < and >: force S/R
capped_mic_handling == "standard" &
as.character(input_original) %like% "^[<][0-9]"
~ as.sir("S"),
capped_mic_handling == "standard" &
as.character(input_original) %like% "^[>][0-9]"
~ as.sir("R"),
# "conservative" for < and >: NI if the true MIC could be on either side of a breakpoint
capped_mic_handling == "conservative" &
as.character(input_original) %like% "^[<][0-9]" &
as.double(input_clean) > breakpoints_current$breakpoint_S
~ as.sir("NI"),
capped_mic_handling == "conservative" &
as.character(input_original) %like% "^[>][0-9]" &
as.double(input_clean) < breakpoints_current$breakpoint_R
~ as.sir("NI"),
# both "conservative" and standard": only NI for <= and >= when the true MIC could be at either side of a breakpoint
capped_mic_handling %in% c("conservative", "standard") &
as.character(input_original) %like% "^<=[0-9]" &
as.double(input_clean) > breakpoints_current$breakpoint_S
~ as.sir("NI"),
capped_mic_handling %in% c("conservative", "standard") &
as.character(input_original) %like% "^>=[0-9]" &
as.double(input_clean) <= breakpoints_current$breakpoint_R
~ as.sir("NI"),
# otherwise: the normal (uncapped or ignored) interpretation
input_clean <= breakpoints_current$breakpoint_S ~ as.sir("S"),
guideline_current %like% "EUCAST" & input_clean > breakpoints_current$breakpoint_R ~ as.sir("R"),
guideline_current %like% "CLSI" & input_clean >= breakpoints_current$breakpoint_R ~ as.sir("R"),
# return "I" or "SDD" when breakpoints are in the middle
!is.na(breakpoints_current$breakpoint_S) & !is.na(breakpoints_current$breakpoint_R) & breakpoints_current$is_SDD == TRUE ~ as.sir("SDD"),
!is.na(breakpoints_current$breakpoint_S) & !is.na(breakpoints_current$breakpoint_R) & breakpoints_current$is_SDD == FALSE ~ as.sir("I"),
# and NA otherwise
TRUE ~ NA_sir_
)
} else if (method == "disk") {
new_sir <- case_when_AMR(
is.na(values) ~ NA_sir_,
as.double(values) >= as.double(breakpoints_current$breakpoint_S) ~ as.sir("S"),
guideline_current %like% "EUCAST" & as.double(values) < as.double(breakpoints_current$breakpoint_R) ~ as.sir("R"),
guideline_current %like% "CLSI" & as.double(values) <= as.double(breakpoints_current$breakpoint_R) ~ as.sir("R"),
is.na(input_clean) ~ NA_sir_,
as.double(input_clean) >= as.double(breakpoints_current$breakpoint_S) ~ as.sir("S"),
guideline_current %like% "EUCAST" & as.double(input_clean) < as.double(breakpoints_current$breakpoint_R) ~ as.sir("R"),
guideline_current %like% "CLSI" & as.double(input_clean) <= as.double(breakpoints_current$breakpoint_R) ~ as.sir("R"),
# return "I" or "SDD" when breakpoints are in the middle
!is.na(breakpoints_current$breakpoint_S) & !is.na(breakpoints_current$breakpoint_R) & breakpoints_current$is_SDD == TRUE ~ as.sir("SDD"),
!is.na(breakpoints_current$breakpoint_S) & !is.na(breakpoints_current$breakpoint_R) & breakpoints_current$is_SDD == FALSE ~ as.sir("I"),
@@ -1814,11 +1874,11 @@ as_sir_method <- function(method_short,
ab_given = vectorise_log_entry(ab.bak[match(ab_current, df$ab)][1], length(rows)),
mo_given = vectorise_log_entry(mo.bak[match(mo_current, df$mo)][1], length(rows)),
host_given = vectorise_log_entry(host.bak[match(host_current, df$host)][1], length(rows)),
input_given = vectorise_log_entry(as.character(values_bak), length(rows)),
input_given = vectorise_log_entry(as.character(input_original), length(rows)),
ab = vectorise_log_entry(breakpoints_current[, "ab", drop = TRUE], length(rows)),
mo = vectorise_log_entry(breakpoints_current[, "mo", drop = TRUE], length(rows)),
host = vectorise_log_entry(breakpoints_current[, "host", drop = TRUE], length(rows)),
input = vectorise_log_entry(as.character(values), length(rows)),
input = vectorise_log_entry(as.character(input_clean), length(rows)),
outcome = vectorise_log_entry(as.sir(new_sir), length(rows)),
notes = font_stripstyle(notes_current), # vectorise_log_entry(paste0(font_stripstyle(notes_current), collapse = "\n"), length(rows)),
guideline = vectorise_log_entry(guideline_current, length(rows)),
@@ -1974,33 +2034,18 @@ freq.sir <- function(x, ...) {
# this prevents the requirement for putting the dependency in Imports:
#' @rawNamespace if(getRversion() >= "3.0.0") S3method(skimr::get_skimmers, sir)
get_skimmers.sir <- function(column) {
# get the variable name 'skim_variable'
name_call <- function(.data) {
calls <- sys.calls()
frms <- sys.frames()
calls_txt <- vapply(calls, function(x) paste(deparse(x), collapse = ""), FUN.VALUE = character(1))
if (any(calls_txt %like% "skim_variable", na.rm = TRUE)) {
ind <- which(calls_txt %like% "skim_variable")[1L]
vars <- tryCatch(eval(parse(text = ".data$skim_variable$sir"), envir = frms[[ind]]),
error = function(e) NULL
)
tryCatch(ab_name(as.character(calls[[length(calls)]][[2]]), language = NULL, info = FALSE),
error = function(e) NA_character_
)
} else {
NA_character_
}
}
# TODO add here in AMR 3.1.0 details about guideline
skimr::sfl(
skim_type = "sir",
ab_name = name_call,
count_R = count_R,
count_S = count_susceptible,
# guideline = function(x) "EUCAST 2025", # or "Multiple"
# origin = function(x) "MIC", # or "Multiple"
count_S = count_S,
count_I = count_I,
prop_R = ~ proportion_R(., minimum = 0),
prop_S = ~ susceptibility(., minimum = 0),
prop_I = ~ proportion_I(., minimum = 0)
count_R = count_R,
prop_S = ~ round(proportion_S(., minimum = 0) * 100, 1),
prop_I = ~ round(proportion_I(., minimum = 0) * 100, 1),
prop_R = ~ round(proportion_R(., minimum = 0) * 100, 1),
hist = ~ skimr::inline_hist(as.double(stats::na.omit(.)), 3)
)
}

Binary file not shown.

View File

@@ -1,20 +1,21 @@
#' AMR Extensions for Tidymodels
#'
#' This family of functions allows using AMR-specific data types such as `<mic>` and `<sir>` inside `tidymodels` pipelines.
#' This family of functions allows using AMR-specific data types such as `<sir>` and `<mic>` inside `tidymodels` pipelines.
#' @inheritParams recipes::step_center
#' @details
#' You can read more in our online [AMR with tidymodels introduction](https://amr-for-r.org/articles/AMR_with_tidymodels.html).
#'
#' Tidyselect helpers include:
#' - [all_mic()] and [all_mic_predictors()] to select `<mic>` columns
#' - [all_sir()] and [all_sir_predictors()] to select `<sir>` columns
#' - [all_sir()] and [all_sir_predictors()] to select [`<sir>`][as.sir()] columns
#' - [all_mic()] and [all_mic_predictors()] to select [`<mic>`][as.mic()] columns
#' - [all_disk()] and [all_disk_predictors()] to select [`<disk>`][as.disk()] columns
#'
#' Pre-processing pipeline steps include:
#' - [step_mic_log2()] to convert MIC columns to numeric (via `as.numeric()`) and apply a log2 transform, to be used with [all_mic_predictors()]
#' - [step_sir_numeric()] to convert SIR columns to numeric (via `as.numeric()`), to be used with [all_sir_predictors()]: `"S"` = 1, `"I"`/`"SDD"` = 2, `"R"` = 3. All other values are rendered `NA`. Keep this in mind for further processing, especially if the model does not allow for `NA` values.
#' - [step_mic_log2()] to convert MIC columns to numeric (via `as.numeric()`) and apply a log2 transform, to be used with [all_mic_predictors()]
#'
#' These steps integrate with `recipes::recipe()` and work like standard preprocessing steps. They are useful for preparing data for modelling, especially with classification models.
#' @seealso [recipes::recipe()], [as.mic()], [as.sir()]
#' @seealso [recipes::recipe()], [as.sir()], [as.mic()], [as.disk()]
#' @name amr-tidymodels
#' @keywords internal
#' @export
@@ -66,35 +67,55 @@
#' bind_cols(out_testing)
#'
#' # Evaluate predictions using standard classification metrics
#' our_metrics <- metric_set(accuracy, kap, ppv, npv)
#' our_metrics <- metric_set(accuracy,
#' recall,
#' precision,
#' sensitivity,
#' specificity,
#' ppv,
#' npv)
#' metrics <- our_metrics(predictions, truth = esbl, estimate = .pred_class)
#'
#' # Show performance
#' metrics
#' }
all_mic <- function() {
x <- tidymodels_amr_select(levels(NA_mic_))
names(x)
}
#' @rdname amr-tidymodels
#' @export
all_mic_predictors <- function() {
x <- tidymodels_amr_select(levels(NA_mic_))
intersect(x, recipes::has_role("predictor"))
}
#' @rdname amr-tidymodels
#' @export
all_sir <- function() {
x <- tidymodels_amr_select(levels(NA_sir_))
x <- tidymodels_amr_select(class = "sir")
names(x)
}
#' @rdname amr-tidymodels
#' @export
all_sir_predictors <- function() {
x <- tidymodels_amr_select(levels(NA_sir_))
x <- tidymodels_amr_select(class = "sir")
intersect(x, recipes::has_role("predictor"))
}
#' @rdname amr-tidymodels
#' @export
all_mic <- function() {
x <- tidymodels_amr_select(class = "mic")
names(x)
}
#' @rdname amr-tidymodels
#' @export
all_mic_predictors <- function() {
x <- tidymodels_amr_select(class = "mic")
intersect(x, recipes::has_role("predictor"))
}
#' @rdname amr-tidymodels
#' @export
all_disk <- function() {
x <- tidymodels_amr_select(class = "disk")
names(x)
}
#' @rdname amr-tidymodels
#' @export
all_disk_predictors <- function() {
x <- tidymodels_amr_select(class = "disk")
intersect(x, recipes::has_role("predictor"))
}
@@ -160,7 +181,6 @@ bake.step_mic_log2 <- function(object, new_data, ...) {
print.step_mic_log2 <- function(x, width = max(20, options()$width - 35), ...) {
title <- "Log2 transformation of MIC columns"
recipes::print_step(x$columns, x$terms, x$trained, title, width)
invisible(x)
}
#' @rawNamespace if(getRversion() >= "3.0.0") S3method(recipes::tidy, step_mic_log2)
@@ -236,7 +256,6 @@ bake.step_sir_numeric <- function(object, new_data, ...) {
print.step_sir_numeric <- function(x, width = max(20, options()$width - 35), ...) {
title <- "Numeric transformation of SIR columns"
recipes::print_step(x$columns, x$terms, x$trained, title, width)
invisible(x)
}
#' @rawNamespace if(getRversion() >= "3.0.0") S3method(recipes::tidy, step_sir_numeric)
@@ -250,13 +269,13 @@ tidy.step_sir_numeric <- function(x, ...) {
res
}
tidymodels_amr_select <- function(check_vector) {
tidymodels_amr_select <- function(class) {
df <- get_current_data()
ind <- which(
vapply(
FUN.VALUE = logical(1),
df,
function(x) all(x %in% c(check_vector, NA), na.rm = TRUE) & any(x %in% check_vector),
function(x) inherits(x, class),
USE.NAMES = TRUE
),
useNames = TRUE

View File

@@ -263,20 +263,47 @@ translate_into_language <- function(from,
df_trans$pattern[df_trans$regular_expr == TRUE] <- gsub("$$", "$", df_trans$pattern[df_trans$regular_expr == TRUE], fixed = TRUE)
}
# regex part
lapply(
# starting with longest pattern, since more general translations are shorter, such as 'Group'
order(nchar(df_trans$pattern), decreasing = TRUE),
order(nchar(df_trans$pattern), decreasing = TRUE)[df_trans$regular_expr == TRUE],
function(i) {
from_unique_translated <<- gsub(
pattern = df_trans$pattern[i],
replacement = df_trans[i, lang, drop = TRUE],
x = from_unique_translated,
ignore.case = !df_trans$case_sensitive[i] & df_trans$regular_expr[i],
fixed = !df_trans$regular_expr[i],
perl = df_trans$regular_expr[i]
ignore.case = !df_trans$case_sensitive[i],
fixed = FALSE,
perl = TRUE
)
}
)
# non-regex part
from_unique_translated <- vapply(
FUN.VALUE = character(1),
USE.NAMES = FALSE,
from_unique_translated,
function(x) {
words <- strsplit(x, " ", fixed = TRUE)[[1]]
# print(words)
for (i in seq_along(words)) {
word_trans <- df_trans[[lang]][df_trans$regular_expr == FALSE][match(words[i], df_trans$pattern[df_trans$regular_expr == FALSE])]
if (!is.na(word_trans)) {
words[i] <- word_trans
}
}
words <- paste(words, collapse = " ")
words <- strsplit(x, "/", fixed = TRUE)[[1]]
# print(words)
for (i in seq_along(words)) {
word_trans <- df_trans[[lang]][df_trans$regular_expr == FALSE][match(words[i], df_trans$pattern[df_trans$regular_expr == FALSE])]
if (!is.na(word_trans)) {
words[i] <- word_trans
}
}
paste(words, collapse = " ")
}
)
# force UTF-8 for diacritics
from_unique_translated <- enc2utf8(from_unique_translated)

View File

@@ -49,8 +49,11 @@ To install the latest 'beta' version:
```{r, eval = FALSE}
install.packages("AMR", repos = "beta.amr-for-r.org")
```
# if this does not work, try to install directly from GitHub using the 'remotes' package:
If this does not work, try to install directly from GitHub using the `remotes` package:
```{r, eval = FALSE}
remotes::install_github("msberends/AMR")
```

View File

@@ -58,8 +58,12 @@ To install the latest beta version:
``` r
install.packages("AMR", repos = "beta.amr-for-r.org")
```
# if this does not work, try to install directly from GitHub using the 'remotes' package:
If this does not work, try to install directly from GitHub using the
`remotes` package:
``` r
remotes::install_github("msberends/AMR")
```

View File

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
This version is a bugfix release (v3.0.1) following the release of v3.0.0 in June 2025.
As with all previous >20 releases, some CHECKs on `oldrel` may return a `NOTE` for narrowly exceeding the installation size limit. This has been reduced to a minimum in prior coordination with CRAN maintainers and currently returns only an `INFO` on `release` and `devel`.
We treat this as a high-impact package: it was published in the *Journal of Statistical Software* (2022), is listed in the CRAN Task View "Epidemiology", and (based on cranlogs download statistics) is used globally. If there is anything to address, we would appreciate being informed before archiving the current version. We conduct extensive automated unit testing and have no indication of unresolved issues.

View File

@@ -368,7 +368,7 @@ pre_commit_lst$MO_RELEVANT_GENERA <- c(
pre_commit_lst$AB_AMINOGLYCOSIDES <- antimicrobials %>%
filter(group %like% "aminoglycoside") %>%
pull(ab)
pre_commit_lst$AB_AMINOPENICILLINS <- as.ab(c("AMP", "AMX"))
pre_commit_lst$AB_AMINOPENICILLINS <- as.ab(c("AMP", "AMX", "AMC"))
pre_commit_lst$AB_ANTIFUNGALS <- antimicrobials %>%
filter(group %like% "antifungal") %>%
pull(ab)
@@ -397,10 +397,6 @@ pre_commit_lst$AB_CEPHALOSPORINS_5TH <- antimicrobials %>%
filter(group %like% "cephalosporin.*5") %>%
pull(ab)
pre_commit_lst$AB_CEPHALOSPORINS_EXCEPT_CAZ <- pre_commit_lst$AB_CEPHALOSPORINS[pre_commit_lst$AB_CEPHALOSPORINS != "CAZ"]
pre_commit_lst$AB_FLUOROQUINOLONES <- antimicrobials %>%
# see DOI 10.23937/2378-3656/1410369, more specifically this table: https://www.clinmedjournals.org/articles/cmrcr/cmrcr-8-369-table1.html
filter((group %like% "quinolone" | atc_group1 %like% "quinolone" | atc_group2 %like% "quinolone") & name %unlike% " acid|nalidixic|cinoxacin|flumequine|oxolinic|piromidic|pipemidic|rosoxacin") %>%
pull(ab)
pre_commit_lst$AB_GLYCOPEPTIDES <- antimicrobials %>%
filter(group %like% "glycopeptide") %>%
pull(ab)
@@ -410,10 +406,10 @@ pre_commit_lst$AB_ISOXAZOLYLPENICILLINS <- antimicrobials %>%
pre_commit_lst$AB_LIPOGLYCOPEPTIDES <- as.ab(c("DAL", "ORI", "TLV")) # dalba/orita/tela
pre_commit_lst$AB_GLYCOPEPTIDES_EXCEPT_LIPO <- pre_commit_lst$AB_GLYCOPEPTIDES[!pre_commit_lst$AB_GLYCOPEPTIDES %in% pre_commit_lst$AB_LIPOGLYCOPEPTIDES]
pre_commit_lst$AB_LINCOSAMIDES <- antimicrobials %>%
filter(atc_group2 %like% "lincosamide" | (group %like% "lincosamide" & is.na(atc_group2) & name %like% "^(pirlimycin)" & name %unlike% "screening|inducible")) %>%
filter(atc_group2 %like% "lincosamide" | (group %like% "lincosamide" & is.na(atc_group2) & name %like% "^(pirlimycin|clinda)")) %>%
pull(ab)
pre_commit_lst$AB_MACROLIDES <- antimicrobials %>%
filter(atc_group2 %like% "macrolide" | (group %like% "macrolide" & is.na(atc_group2) & name %like% "^(acetylmidecamycin|acetylspiramycin|gamith?romycin|kitasamycin|meleumycin|nafith?romycin|solith?romycin|tildipirosin|tilmicosin|tulath?romycin|tylosin|tylvalosin)" & name %unlike% "screening|inducible")) %>%
filter(atc_group2 %like% "macrolide" | (group %like% "macrolide" & is.na(atc_group2)) | name %like% "^(acetylmidecamycin|acetylspiramycin|gamith?romycin|kitasamycin|meleumycin|nafith?romycin|primycin|solith?romycin|tildipirosin|tilmicosin|tulath?romycin|tylosin|tylvalosin)") %>%
pull(ab)
pre_commit_lst$AB_MONOBACTAMS <- antimicrobials %>%
filter(group %like% "monobactam") %>%
@@ -430,15 +426,25 @@ pre_commit_lst$AB_PENICILLINS <- antimicrobials %>%
pre_commit_lst$AB_PHENICOLS <- antimicrobials %>%
filter(group %like% "phenicol" | atc_group1 %like% "phenicol" | atc_group2 %like% "phenicol") %>%
pull(ab)
pre_commit_lst$AB_PHOSPHONICS <- antimicrobials %>%
filter(group %like% "phosphonic" | name %like% "fosfo") %>%
pull(ab)
pre_commit_lst$AB_POLYMYXINS <- antimicrobials %>%
filter(group %like% "polymyxin") %>%
pull(ab)
pre_commit_lst$AB_QUINOLONES <- antimicrobials %>%
filter(group %like% "quinolone" | atc_group1 %like% "quinolone" | atc_group2 %like% "quinolone") %>%
filter(group %like% "quinolone" | atc_group1 %like% "quinolone" | atc_group2 %like% "quinolone" | name %like% "ozenoxacin") %>%
pull(ab)
pre_commit_lst$AB_FLUOROQUINOLONES <- antimicrobials %>%
# see DOI 10.23937/2378-3656/1410369, more specifically this table: https://www.clinmedjournals.org/articles/cmrcr/cmrcr-8-369-table1.html
filter(ab %in% pre_commit_lst$AB_QUINOLONES & name %unlike% " acid|nalidixic|cinoxacin|flumequine|oxolinic|ozenoxacin|piromidic|pipemidic|rosoxacin") %>%
pull(ab)
pre_commit_lst$AB_RIFAMYCINS <- antimicrobials %>%
filter(name %like% "Rifampi|Rifabutin|Rifapentine|rifamy") %>%
pull(ab)
pre_commit_lst$AB_SPIROPYRIMIDINETRIONES <- antimicrobials %>%
filter(name %like% "zoliflodacin") %>%
pull(ab)
pre_commit_lst$AB_STREPTOGRAMINS <- antimicrobials %>%
filter(atc_group2 %like% "streptogramin") %>%
pull(ab)
@@ -453,13 +459,99 @@ pre_commit_lst$AB_SULFONAMIDES <- antimicrobials %>%
filter(group %like% "trimethoprim" & name %unlike% "trimethoprim") %>%
pull(ab)
pre_commit_lst$AB_UREIDOPENICILLINS <- as.ab(c("PIP", "TZP", "AZL", "MEZ"))
pre_commit_lst$AB_BETALACTAMS <- sort(c(pre_commit_lst$AB_PENICILLINS, pre_commit_lst$AB_CEPHALOSPORINS, pre_commit_lst$AB_CARBAPENEMS, pre_commit_lst$AB_MONOBACTAMS))
pre_commit_lst$AB_BETALACTAMS <- sort(c(
pre_commit_lst$AB_PENICILLINS,
pre_commit_lst$AB_CEPHALOSPORINS,
pre_commit_lst$AB_CARBAPENEMS,
pre_commit_lst$AB_MONOBACTAMS))
pre_commit_lst$AB_BETALACTAMASE_INHIBITORS <- antimicrobials %>%
filter(atc_group2 %like% "Beta-lactamase inhibitors" | name %like% "bactam") %>%
pull(ab)
# for EUCAST:
pre_commit_lst$AB_BETALACTAMS_WITH_INHIBITOR <- antimicrobials %>%
filter(name %like% "/" & name %unlike% "EDTA" & ab %in% pre_commit_lst$AB_BETALACTAMS) %>%
filter(ab %in% pre_commit_lst$AB_BETALACTAMS & name %like% "/" & name %unlike% "EDTA") %>%
pull(ab)
# this will be used for documentation:
pre_commit_lst$DEFINED_AB_GROUPS <- sort(names(pre_commit_lst)[names(pre_commit_lst) %like% "^AB_" & names(pre_commit_lst) != "AB_LOOKUP"])
# Update the antimicrobials$group column
usethis::ui_info("Updating 'group' column in antimicrobials data set from AB_* vectors")
prettify_group_name <- function(name) {
raw <- gsub("^AB_", "", name)
pretty <- tools::toTitleCase(gsub("_", " ", tolower(raw)))
pretty[pretty %like% " (except|with) "] <- ""
pretty <- gsub(" (1st|2nd|3rd|4th|5th|6th)", " (\\1 gen.)", pretty)
pretty <- gsub("([Bb])eta[-]?", "\\1eta-", pretty)
pretty <- gsub(" Inhibitor", " inhibitor", pretty)
pretty <- pretty[pretty != ""]
return(pretty)
}
group_map <- vector("list", length = nrow(antimicrobials))
names(group_map) <- antimicrobials$ab
for (group_name in pre_commit_lst$DEFINED_AB_GROUPS) {
ab_vector <- pre_commit_lst[[group_name]]
pretty_name <- prettify_group_name(group_name)
for (ab in ab_vector) {
ab_chr <- as.character(ab)
group_map[[ab_chr]] <- sort(unique(c(group_map[[ab_chr]], pretty_name)))
}
}
for (i in seq_along(group_map)) {
if (is.null(group_map[[i]])) {
group_map[[i]] <- "Other"
if (antimicrobials$group[i] %unlike% "other") {
print(paste0(i, ": ", antimicrobials$group[i], " (", antimicrobials$ab[i], ", ", antimicrobials$name[i], ")"))
}
}
group_map[[i]] <- group_map[[i]][order(nchar(group_map[[i]]))]
}
# create priority list for ab_group()
pre_commit_lst$ABX_PRIORITY_LIST <- c("Aminopenicillins",
"Isoxazolylpenicillins",
"Ureidopenicillins",
"Oxazolidinones",
"Carbapenems",
"Cephalosporins (1st gen.)",
"Cephalosporins (2nd gen.)",
"Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)",
"Cephalosporins (4th gen.)",
"Cephalosporins (5th gen.)",
"Cephalosporins",
"Penicillins",
"Monobactams",
"Aminoglycosides",
"Lipoglycopeptides",
"Glycopeptides",
"Lincosamides",
"Streptogramins",
"Macrolides",
"Nitrofurans",
"Phenicols",
"Phosphonics",
"Polymyxins",
"Fluoroquinolones",
"Quinolones",
"Rifamycins",
"Spiropyrimidinetriones",
"Trimethoprims",
"Sulfonamides",
"Tetracyclines",
"Antifungals",
"Antimycobacterials",
"Beta-lactams",
"Beta-lactamase inhibitors",
"Other")
if (!all(unlist(antimicrobials$group) %in% pre_commit_lst$ABX_PRIORITY_LIST)) {
stop("Missing group(s) in priority list: ", paste(setdiff(unlist(antimicrobials$group), pre_commit_lst$ABX_PRIORITY_LIST), collapse = ", "))
}
for (i in seq_along(group_map)) {
group_map[[i]] <- intersect(pre_commit_lst$ABX_PRIORITY_LIST, group_map[[i]])
}
antimicrobials$group <- unname(group_map)
usethis::use_data(antimicrobials, overwrite = TRUE, version = 2, compress = "xz")
rm(antimicrobials)
pre_commit_lst$AB_LOOKUP <- create_AB_AV_lookup(antimicrobials)
pre_commit_lst$AV_LOOKUP <- create_AB_AV_lookup(antivirals)

View File

@@ -912,6 +912,24 @@ antimicrobials <- antimicrobials %>%
oral_ddd = NA_real_
))
# add Taniborbactam and Cefepime/taniborbactam
antimicrobials <- antimicrobials |>
mutate(ab = as.character(ab)) |>
bind_rows(
antimicrobials |>
filter(ab == "FPE") |>
mutate(ab = as.character(ab)) |>
mutate(ab = "FTA",
name = "Cefepime/taniborbactam",
cid = NA_real_),
antimicrobials |>
filter(ab == "TBP") |>
mutate(ab = as.character(ab)) |>
mutate(ab = "TAN",
name = "Taniborbactam",
cid = 76902493,
abbreviations = list("VNRX-5133"))
)
# update ATC codes from WHOCC website -------------------------------------

View File

@@ -35,24 +35,26 @@ library(readr)
library(tidyr)
devtools::load_all()
# Install the WHONET software on Windows (http://www.whonet.org/software.html),
# and copy the folder C:\WHONET\Resources to the data-raw/WHONET/ folder
# (for ASIARS-Net update, also copy C:\WHONET\Codes to the data-raw/WHONET/ folder)
# BE SURE TO RUN data-raw/_reproduction_scripts/reproduction_of_microorganisms.groups.R FIRST TO GET THE GROUPS!
# READ DATA ----
whonet_organisms <- read_tsv("data-raw/WHONET/Resources/Organisms.txt", na = c("", "NA", "-"), show_col_types = FALSE) |>
# files are retrieved from https://github.com/AClark-WHONET/AMRIE
github_repo <- "https://raw.github.com/AClark-WHONET/AMRIE/main/Interpretation%20Engine/Resources"
file_organisms <- file.path(github_repo, "Organisms.txt")
file_breakpoints <- file.path(github_repo, "Breakpoints.txt")
file_antibiotics <- file.path(github_repo, "Antibiotics.txt")
whonet_organisms <- read_tsv(file_organisms, na = c("", "NA", "-"), show_col_types = FALSE, guess_max = Inf) |>
# remove old taxonomic names
filter(TAXONOMIC_STATUS == "C") |>
mutate(ORGANISM_CODE = toupper(WHONET_ORG_CODE))
whonet_breakpoints <- read_tsv("data-raw/WHONET/Resources/Breakpoints.txt", na = c("", "NA", "-"),
show_col_types = FALSE, guess_max = Inf) |>
whonet_breakpoints <- read_tsv(file_breakpoints, na = c("", "NA", "-"), show_col_types = FALSE, guess_max = Inf) |>
filter(GUIDELINES %in% c("CLSI", "EUCAST"))
whonet_antibiotics <- read_tsv("data-raw/WHONET/Resources/Antibiotics.txt", na = c("", "NA", "-"), show_col_types = FALSE) |>
whonet_antibiotics <- read_tsv(file_antibiotics, na = c("", "NA", "-"), show_col_types = FALSE, guess_max = Inf) |>
arrange(WHONET_ABX_CODE) |>
distinct(WHONET_ABX_CODE, .keep_all = TRUE)

File diff suppressed because it is too large Load Diff

View File

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
# how to conduct AMR data analysis: https://amr-for-r.org #
# ==================================================================== #
# This data set is being used in the clinical_breakpoints data set, and thus by as.sir().
# This data set is being referenced from in the clinical_breakpoints data set, and also by as.sir().
# It prevents the breakpoints table from being extremely long for species that are part of a species group.
# Also used by eucast_rules() to expand group names.
@@ -36,10 +36,6 @@ library(readr)
library(tidyr)
devtools::load_all()
# Install the WHONET software on Windows (http://www.whonet.org/software.html),
# and copy the folder C:\WHONET\Resources to the data-raw/WHONET/ folder
# BACTERIAL COMPLEXES
# find all bacterial complex in the NCBI Taxonomy Browser here:
# https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Undef&id=2&lvl=6&lin=f&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock
@@ -48,9 +44,14 @@ devtools::load_all()
# READ DATA ----
whonet_organisms <- read_tsv("data-raw/WHONET/Resources/Organisms.txt", na = c("", "NA", "-"), show_col_types = FALSE) %>%
# files are retrieved from https://github.com/AClark-WHONET/AMRIE
github_repo <- "https://raw.github.com/AClark-WHONET/AMRIE/main/Interpretation%20Engine/Resources"
file_organisms <- file.path(github_repo, "Organisms.txt")
whonet_organisms <- read_tsv(file_organisms, na = c("", "NA", "-"), show_col_types = FALSE, guess_max = Inf) |>
# remove old taxonomic names
filter(TAXONOMIC_STATUS == "C") %>%
filter(TAXONOMIC_STATUS == "C") |>
mutate(ORGANISM_CODE = toupper(WHONET_ORG_CODE))
whonet_organisms <- whonet_organisms %>%
@@ -87,7 +88,7 @@ microorganisms.groups <- whonet_organisms %>%
mo = ifelse(is.na(mo),
as.character(as.mo(ORGANISM, keep_synonyms = TRUE, minimum_matching_score = 0)),
mo)) %>%
# add our own CoNS and CoPS, WHONET does not strictly follow Becker et al (2014, 2019, 2020)
# add our own CoNS and CoPS, WHONET does not strictly follow Becker et al. (2014, 2019, 2020)
filter(mo_group != as.mo("CoNS")) %>%
bind_rows(tibble(mo_group = as.mo("CoNS"), mo = MO_CONS)) %>%
filter(mo_group != as.mo("CoPS")) %>%
@@ -153,7 +154,7 @@ microorganisms.groups <- whonet_organisms %>%
filter(mo_group != "B_YERSN_PSDT-C") %>%
bind_rows(tibble(mo_group = as.mo("B_YERSN_PSDT-C"),
mo = paste("Yersinia", c("pseudotuberculosis", "pestis", "similis", "wautersii")) %>% as.mo(keep_synonyms = TRUE))) %>%
# RGM are Rapidly-grwoing Mycobacteria, see https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28084211/
# RGM are Rapidly-growing Mycobacteria, see https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28084211/
filter(mo_group != "B_MYCBC_RGM") %>%
bind_rows(tibble(mo_group = as.mo("B_MYCBC_RGM"),
mo = paste("Mycobacterium", c( "abscessus abscessus", "abscessus bolletii", "abscessus massiliense", "agri", "aichiense", "algericum", "alvei", "anyangense", "arabiense", "aromaticivorans", "aubagnense", "aubagnense", "aurum", "austroafricanum", "bacteremicum", "boenickei", "bourgelatii", "brisbanense", "brumae", "canariasense", "celeriflavum", "chelonae", "chitae", "chlorophenolicum", "chubuense", "confluentis", "cosmeticum", "crocinum", "diernhoferi", "duvalii", "elephantis", "fallax", "flavescens", "fluoranthenivorans", "fortuitum", "franklinii", "frederiksbergense", "gadium", "gilvum", "goodii", "hassiacum", "hippocampi", "hodleri", "holsaticum", "houstonense", "immunogenum", "insubricum", "iranicum", "komossense", "litorale", "llatzerense", "madagascariense", "mageritense", "monacense", "moriokaense", "mucogenicum", "mucogenicum", "murale", "neoaurum", "neworleansense", "novocastrense", "obuense", "pallens", "parafortuitum", "peregrinum", "phlei", "phocaicum", "phocaicum", "porcinum", "poriferae", "psychrotolerans", "pyrenivorans", "rhodesiae", "rufum", "rutilum", "salmoniphilum", "sediminis", "senegalense", "septicum", "setense", "smegmatis", "sphagni", "thermoresistibile", "tokaiense", "vaccae", "vanbaalenii", "wolinskyi")) %>% as.mo(keep_synonyms = TRUE)))

View File

@@ -1 +1 @@
228840b3941753c4adee2b781d901590
9999a0a50e9717a93dd44b9e719a439b

Binary file not shown.

Binary file not shown.

Binary file not shown.

View File

@@ -1,498 +1,499 @@
"ab" "cid" "name" "group" "atc" "atc_group1" "atc_group2" "abbreviations" "synonyms" "oral_ddd" "oral_units" "iv_ddd" "iv_units" "loinc"
"AMA" 4649 "4-aminosalicylic acid" "Antimycobacterials" "J04AA01" "Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis" "Aminosalicylic acid and derivatives" "NA" "aminacyl,aminopar,aminosalyl,aminox,apacil,deapasil,entepas,gabbropas,granupas,helipidyl,hellipidyl,nemasol,nippas,osacyl,pamacyl,pamisyl,paramisan,paramycin,parasal,parasalicil,parasalindon,pasade,pasalon,pasara,pascorbic,pasdium,pasem,paser,pasmed,pasnal,pasnodia,pasolac,passodico,pharmakon,propasa,rezipas,salvis,sanipirol,sanipriol,sodiopas,spectrum" 12 "g" "NA"
"ACM" 6450012 "Acetylmidecamycin" "Macrolides/lincosamides" "NA" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"ASP" 49787020 "Acetylspiramycin" "Macrolides/lincosamides" "NA" "NA" "antibiotic,espiramicin,espiramicina,foromacidin,provamycin,rovamicina,rovamycin,rovamycine,selectomycin,sequamycin,spiramycine,spiramycinum" "NA"
"ALS" 8954 "Aldesulfone sodium" "Other antibacterials" "J04BA03" "Drugs for treatment of lepra" "Drugs for treatment of lepra" "NA" "adesulfone,aldapsone,aldesulfone,aldesulphone,diamidin,diason,diasone,diasoneenterab,diazon,didimethanesulfinate,novotrone,sulfoxone" 0.33 "g" "NA"
"ACM" 6450012 "Acetylmidecamycin" "Macrolides" "NA" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"ASP" 49787020 "Acetylspiramycin" "Macrolides" "NA" "NA" "antibiotic,espiramicin,espiramicina,foromacidin,provamycin,rovamicina,rovamycin,rovamycine,selectomycin,sequamycin,spiramycine,spiramycinum" "NA"
"ALS" 8954 "Aldesulfone sodium" "Other" "J04BA03" "Drugs for treatment of lepra" "Drugs for treatment of lepra" "NA" "adesulfone,aldapsone,aldesulfone,aldesulphone,diamidin,diason,diasone,diasoneenterab,diazon,didimethanesulfinate,novotrone,sulfoxone" 0.33 "g" "NA"
"AMK" 37768 "Amikacin" "Aminoglycosides" "D06AX12,J01GB06,QD06AX12,QJ01GB06,QS01AA21,S01AA21" "Aminoglycoside antibacterials" "Other aminoglycosides" "ak,ami,amik,amikac,amk,an" "amikacillin,amikacina,amikacine,amikacinum,amikavet,amikin,amikozit,amukin,arikace,briclin,butirosins,kaminax,lukadin,mikavir,potentox,prestwick" 1 "g" "101493-5,11-7,12-5,13-3,13546-7,14-1,15098-7,17798-0,18860-7,20373-7,23624-0,25174-4,25175-1,25176-9,25177-7,25178-5,25179-3,31097-9,31098-7,31099-5,3319-1,3320-9,3321-7,35669-1,42642-9,48169-7,50802-8,50803-6,56628-1,59378-0,60564-2,60565-9,6975-7,80972-3,89484-0"
"AKF" "Amikacin/fosfomycin" "Aminoglycosides" "NA" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"AMO" 54260 "Amorolfine" "Antifungals/antimycotics" "D01AE16,QD01AE16" "Antifungals for topical use" "Other antifungals for topical use" "amor" "amorolfina,amorolfinum,bekiron,corbel,curanail,fenpropemorph,fenpropimorph,fenpropimorphe,forbel,funbas,loceryl,locetar,mildofix,mistral,morpholine,odenil,omicur,pekiron" "NA"
"AMX" 33613 "Amoxicillin" "Beta-lactams/penicillins" "J01CA04,QG51AA03,QJ01CA04" "Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins" "Penicillins with extended spectrum" "ac,amox,amoxic,amx" "acuotricina,alfamox,alfida,amitron,amoclen,amodex,amoksicillin,amolin,amopen,amopenixin,amophar,amoran,amoxi,amoxicaps,amoxicilina,amoxicilline,amoxicillinum,amoxidal,amoxiden,amoxil,amoxillat,amoxina,amoxine,amoxipen,amoxivet,amoxycillin,amoxycillinsalt,amoxyke,anemolin,aspenil,atoksilin,bristamox,cemoxin,ciblor,clamoxyl,damoxy,danoxillin,delacillin,demoksil,dispermox,efpenix,eupen,flemoxin,flemoxine,galenamox,gramidil,hiconcil,himinomax,histocillin,ibiamox,imacillin,izoltil,kentrocyllin,lamoxy,largopen,larotid,matasedrin,metifarma,moksilin,moxacin,moxal,moxaline,moxatag,neotetranase,novabritine,ospamox,pacetocin,pamocil,paradroxil,pasetocin,penamox,piramox,promoxil,quimiopen,remoxil,riotapen,robamox,sawacillin,siganopen,simplamox,sintopen,sumox,topramoxin,trifamox,trimox,unicillin,utimox,velamox,vetramox,wymox,zamocillin,zamocilline,zimox" 1.5 "g" 3 "g" "101498-4,15-8,16-6,16365-9,17-4,18-2,18861-5,18862-3,19-0,20-8,21-6,22-4,25274-2,25310-4,3344-9,55614-2,55615-9,55616-7,6976-5,6977-3,80133-2"
"AMC" 23665637 "Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid" "Beta-lactams/penicillins" "J01CR02,QJ01CR02" "Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins" "Combinations of penicillins, incl. beta-lactamase inhibitors" "a/c,amcl,aml,amocla,aug,xl" "amocla,amoclan,amoclav,amoksiclav,amoxsiklav,amoxyclav,ancla,augmentan,augmentin,augmentine,auspilic,clamentin,clamobit,clavam,clavamox,clavinex,clavumox,coamoxiclav,curam,eumetinex,kesium,kmoxilin,spectramox,synulox,viaclav,xiclav" 1.5 "g" 3 "g" "NA"
"AXS" 465441 "Amoxicillin/sulbactam" "Beta-lactams/penicillins" "J01CR02,QJ01CR02" "NA" "NA" 1.5 "g" 3 "g" "55614-2,55615-9,55616-7"
"AMB" 5280965 "Amphotericin B" "Antifungals/antimycotics" "A01AB04,A07AA07,G01AA03,J02AA01,QA01AB04,QA07AA07,QG01AA03,QJ02AA01" "Antimycotics for systemic use" "Antibiotics" "amf,amfb,amph,amphot" "abelcet,abelecet,ambil,ambisome,amphocin,amphomoronal,amphotec,amphotericin,amphotocerin,amphozone,funganiline,fungilin,fungisome,fungisone,fungizone,halizon,nystatine,nystatinum,terrastatin" 40 "mg" 210 "mg" "16370-9,18863-1,23-2,24-0,25-7,26-5,3353-0,3354-8,40707-2,40757-7,49859-2,6978-1"
"AMH" "Amphotericin B-high" "Antifungals/antimycotics" "NA" "amfo b high,amhl,ampho b high,amphotericin high" "NA" "NA"
"AMP" 6249 "Ampicillin" "Beta-lactams/penicillins" "J01CA01,QJ01CA01,QJ51CA01,QS01AA19,S01AA19" "Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins" "Penicillins with extended spectrum" "am,amp,amp100,amp200,ampi,ampici" "adobacillin,alpen,amblosin,amcap,amcill,amfipen,ampen,amperil,ampichel,ampicilina,ampicillina,ampicilline,ampicillinesalt,ampicillinsalt,ampicillinum,ampifarm,ampikel,ampimed,ampinova,ampipenin,ampiscel,ampisyn,ampivax,ampivet,amplacilina,amplin,amplipenyl,amplisom,amplital,austrapen,bayer,binotal,bonapicillin,britacil,cimex,citteral,copharcilin,cymbi,delcillin,deripen,divercillin,doktacillin,domicillin,duphacillin,grampenil,guicitrina,guicitrine,lifeampil,marcillin,morepen,norobrittin,nuvapen,omnipen,orbicilina,penbristol,penbritin,penbrock,penialmen,penicline,penimic,penizillin,pensyn,pentrex,pentrexl,pentrexyl,pentritin,ponecil,princillin,principen,racenacillin,redicilin,rosampline,roscillin,semicillin,servicillin,sumipanto,supen,synpenin,texcillin,tokiocillin,tolomol,totacillin,totalciclina,totapen,trafarbiot,trifacilina,ukapen,ultrabion,ultrabron,vampen,viccillin,vidocillin,wypicil" 2 "g" 6 "g" "101477-8,101478-6,18864-9,18865-6,20374-5,21066-6,23618-2,27-3,28-1,29-9,30-7,31-5,32-3,33-1,3355-5,33562-0,33919-2,34-9,43883-8,43884-6,6979-9,6980-7,87604-5"
"SAM" 119561 "Ampicillin/sulbactam" "Beta-lactams/penicillins" "J01CR01,QJ01CR01" "Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins" "Combinations of penicillins, incl. beta-lactamase inhibitors" "a/s,ab,ampsul,ams,amsu,apsu,sam" "sulacillin" 6 "g" "101478-6,18865-6,20374-5,23618-2,31-5,32-3,33-1,34-9,6980-7"
"AMR" 73341 "Amprolium" "Other antibacterials" "QP51BX02" "NA" "amprol,amprolio,amprovine,anticoccid,cocciprol,corid,mepyrium,picolinium,pyridinium,thiacoccid" "NA"
"ANI" 166548 "Anidulafungin" "Antifungals/antimycotics" "J02AX06,QJ02AX06" "Antimycotics for systemic use" "Other antimycotics for systemic use" "anid,anidul" "anidulafungina,anidulafungine,anidulafunginum,biafungin,ecalta,eraxis" 0.1 "g" "55343-8,57095-2,58420-1,77162-6"
"APL" 6602341 "Apalcillin" "Beta-lactams/penicillins" "NA" "apalci" "apalcilina,apalcilline,apalcillinsalt,apalcillinum,lumota" "NA"
"AKF" "Amikacin/fosfomycin" "Aminoglycosides,Phosphonics" "NA" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"AMO" 54260 "Amorolfine" "Antifungals" "D01AE16,QD01AE16" "Antifungals for topical use" "Other antifungals for topical use" "amor" "amorolfina,amorolfinum,bekiron,corbel,curanail,fenpropemorph,fenpropimorph,fenpropimorphe,forbel,funbas,loceryl,locetar,mildofix,mistral,morpholine,odenil,omicur,pekiron" "NA"
"AMX" 33613 "Amoxicillin" "Aminopenicillins,Penicillins,Beta-lactams" "J01CA04,QG51AA03,QJ01CA04" "Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins" "Penicillins with extended spectrum" "ac,amox,amoxic,amx" "acuotricina,alfamox,alfida,amitron,amoclen,amodex,amoksicillin,amolin,amopen,amopenixin,amophar,amoran,amoxi,amoxicaps,amoxicilina,amoxicilline,amoxicillinum,amoxidal,amoxiden,amoxil,amoxillat,amoxina,amoxine,amoxipen,amoxivet,amoxycillin,amoxycillinsalt,amoxyke,anemolin,aspenil,atoksilin,bristamox,cemoxin,ciblor,clamoxyl,damoxy,danoxillin,delacillin,demoksil,dispermox,efpenix,eupen,flemoxin,flemoxine,galenamox,gramidil,hiconcil,himinomax,histocillin,ibiamox,imacillin,izoltil,kentrocyllin,lamoxy,largopen,larotid,matasedrin,metifarma,moksilin,moxacin,moxal,moxaline,moxatag,neotetranase,novabritine,ospamox,pacetocin,pamocil,paradroxil,pasetocin,penamox,piramox,promoxil,quimiopen,remoxil,riotapen,robamox,sawacillin,siganopen,simplamox,sintopen,sumox,topramoxin,trifamox,trimox,unicillin,utimox,velamox,vetramox,wymox,zamocillin,zamocilline,zimox" 1.5 "g" 3 "g" "101498-4,15-8,16-6,16365-9,17-4,18-2,18861-5,18862-3,19-0,20-8,21-6,22-4,25274-2,25310-4,3344-9,55614-2,55615-9,55616-7,6976-5,6977-3,80133-2"
"AMC" 23665637 "Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid" "Aminopenicillins,Penicillins,Beta-lactams,Beta-lactamase inhibitors" "J01CR02,QJ01CR02" "Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins" "Combinations of penicillins, incl. beta-lactamase inhibitors" "a/c,amcl,aml,amocla,aug,xl" "amocla,amoclan,amoclav,amoksiclav,amoxsiklav,amoxyclav,ancla,augmentan,augmentin,augmentine,auspilic,clamentin,clamobit,clavam,clavamox,clavinex,clavumox,coamoxiclav,curam,eumetinex,kesium,kmoxilin,spectramox,synulox,viaclav,xiclav" 1.5 "g" 3 "g" "NA"
"AXS" 465441 "Amoxicillin/sulbactam" "Penicillins,Beta-lactams,Beta-lactamase inhibitors" "J01CR02,QJ01CR02" "NA" "NA" 1.5 "g" 3 "g" "55614-2,55615-9,55616-7"
"AMB" 5280965 "Amphotericin B" "Antifungals" "A01AB04,A07AA07,G01AA03,J02AA01,QA01AB04,QA07AA07,QG01AA03,QJ02AA01" "Antimycotics for systemic use" "Antibiotics" "amf,amfb,amph,amphot" "abelcet,abelecet,ambil,ambisome,amphocin,amphomoronal,amphotec,amphotericin,amphotocerin,amphozone,funganiline,fungilin,fungisome,fungisone,fungizone,halizon,nystatine,nystatinum,terrastatin" 40 "mg" 210 "mg" "16370-9,18863-1,23-2,24-0,25-7,26-5,3353-0,3354-8,40707-2,40757-7,49859-2,6978-1"
"AMH" "Amphotericin B-high" "Antifungals" "NA" "amfo b high,amhl,ampho b high,amphotericin high" "NA" "NA"
"AMP" 6249 "Ampicillin" "Aminopenicillins,Penicillins,Beta-lactams" "J01CA01,QJ01CA01,QJ51CA01,QS01AA19,S01AA19" "Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins" "Penicillins with extended spectrum" "am,amp,amp100,amp200,ampi,ampici" "adobacillin,alpen,amblosin,amcap,amcill,amfipen,ampen,amperil,ampichel,ampicilina,ampicillina,ampicilline,ampicillinesalt,ampicillinsalt,ampicillinum,ampifarm,ampikel,ampimed,ampinova,ampipenin,ampiscel,ampisyn,ampivax,ampivet,amplacilina,amplin,amplipenyl,amplisom,amplital,austrapen,bayer,binotal,bonapicillin,britacil,cimex,citteral,copharcilin,cymbi,delcillin,deripen,divercillin,doktacillin,domicillin,duphacillin,grampenil,guicitrina,guicitrine,lifeampil,marcillin,morepen,norobrittin,nuvapen,omnipen,orbicilina,penbristol,penbritin,penbrock,penialmen,penicline,penimic,penizillin,pensyn,pentrex,pentrexl,pentrexyl,pentritin,ponecil,princillin,principen,racenacillin,redicilin,rosampline,roscillin,semicillin,servicillin,sumipanto,supen,synpenin,texcillin,tokiocillin,tolomol,totacillin,totalciclina,totapen,trafarbiot,trifacilina,ukapen,ultrabion,ultrabron,vampen,viccillin,vidocillin,wypicil" 2 "g" 6 "g" "101477-8,101478-6,18864-9,18865-6,20374-5,21066-6,23618-2,27-3,28-1,29-9,30-7,31-5,32-3,33-1,3355-5,33562-0,33919-2,34-9,43883-8,43884-6,6979-9,6980-7,87604-5"
"SAM" 119561 "Ampicillin/sulbactam" "Penicillins,Beta-lactams,Beta-lactamase inhibitors" "J01CR01,QJ01CR01" "Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins" "Combinations of penicillins, incl. beta-lactamase inhibitors" "a/s,ab,ampsul,ams,amsu,apsu,sam" "sulacillin" 6 "g" "101478-6,18865-6,20374-5,23618-2,31-5,32-3,33-1,34-9,6980-7"
"AMR" 73341 "Amprolium" "Other" "QP51BX02" "NA" "amprol,amprolio,amprovine,anticoccid,cocciprol,corid,mepyrium,picolinium,pyridinium,thiacoccid" "NA"
"ANI" 166548 "Anidulafungin" "Antifungals" "J02AX06,QJ02AX06" "Antimycotics for systemic use" "Other antimycotics for systemic use" "anid,anidul" "anidulafungina,anidulafungine,anidulafunginum,biafungin,ecalta,eraxis" 0.1 "g" "55343-8,57095-2,58420-1,77162-6"
"APL" 6602341 "Apalcillin" "Penicillins,Beta-lactams" "NA" "apalci" "apalcilina,apalcilline,apalcillinsalt,apalcillinum,lumota" "NA"
"APR" 3081545 "Apramycin" "Aminoglycosides" "QA07AA92,QJ01GB90,QJ51GB90" "apramy" "ambylan,apralan,apramicina,apramycine,apramycinum" "23659-6,73652-0,73653-8"
"ARB" 68682 "Arbekacin" "Aminoglycosides" "J01GB12,QJ01GB12" "arbeka" "arbekacina,arbekacine,arbekacinum,haberacin" 0.2 "g" "32373-3,53818-1,54173-0"
"APX" 71961 "Aspoxicillin" "Beta-lactams/penicillins" "J01CA19,QJ01CA19" "apoxic,aspoxi" "aspoxicilina,aspoxicillan,aspoxicilline,aspoxicillinum,doyle" 4 "g" "NA"
"APX" 71961 "Aspoxicillin" "Penicillins,Beta-lactams" "J01CA19,QJ01CA19" "apoxic,aspoxi" "aspoxicilina,aspoxicillan,aspoxicilline,aspoxicillinum,doyle" 4 "g" "NA"
"AST" 5284517 "Astromicin" "Aminoglycosides" "NA" "astrom" "abbott,astromicina,astromicine,astromicinum,fortimicin,istamycin,istamycins" "NA"
"AVB" 9835049 "Avibactam" "Beta-lactams/penicillins" "NA" "NA" "avibactamfreeacid" "NA"
"AVI" 71674 "Avilamycin" "Other antibacterials" "QA07AA95" "avilam" "avilamycina,avilamycine,avilamycinum,inteprity,kavault,surmax" "35754-1,35755-8,35756-6,55619-1"
"AVB" 9835049 "Avibactam" "Beta-lactamase inhibitors" "NA" "NA" "avibactamfreeacid" "NA"
"AVI" 71674 "Avilamycin" "Other" "QA07AA95" "avilam" "avilamycina,avilamycine,avilamycinum,inteprity,kavault,surmax" "35754-1,35755-8,35756-6,55619-1"
"AVO" 16131159 "Avoparcin" "Glycopeptides" "NA" "NA" "firvanq,tagocid,targocid,targosid,tecoplanina,tecoplanine,tecoplaninum,teichomycin,teicoplanina,teicoplanine,teicoplaninum,teikoplanin,ticocin" "NA"
"AZD" 15574941 "Azidocillin" "Beta-lactams/penicillins" "J01CE04,QJ01CE04" "Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins" "Beta-lactamase sensitive penicillins" "NA" "azidocilina,azidocillina,azidocilline,azidocillinum" 1.5 "g" "NA"
"AZM" 447043 "Azithromycin" "Macrolides/lincosamides" "J01FA10,QJ01FA10,QS01AA26,S01AA26" "Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins" "Macrolides" "az,azi,azit,azithr,azm" "aritromicina,aruzilina,azasite,azenil,azifast,azigram,azimakrol,azithramycine,azithrocin,azithromycine,azithromycinum,azitrocin,azitromax,azitromicina,azitromicine,azitromin,aziwin,aziwok,aztrin,azyter,hemomycin,macrozit,misultina,mixoterin,setron,sumamed,tobil,toraseptol,tromix,trozocina,trulimax,xithrone,zentavion,zifin,zithrax,zithromac,zithromax,zitrim,zitromax,zitrotek,zythromax" 0.3 "g" 0.5 "g" "100043-9,16420-2,16421-0,18866-4,23612-5,25233-8,35-6,36-4,37-2,38-0,6981-5,89480-8"
"AFC" "Azithromycin/fluconazole/secnidazole" "Other antibacterials" "J01RA07,QJ01RA07" "Combinations of antibacterials" "Combinations of antibacterials" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"AZL" 6479523 "Azlocillin" "Beta-lactams/penicillins" "J01CA09,QJ01CA09" "Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins" "Penicillins with extended spectrum" "az,azl,azlo,azloci" "azlin,azlocilina,azlocilline,azlocillinsalt,azlocillinum,securopen" 12 "g" "16422-8,18867-2,3368-8,39-8,40-6,41-4,41661-0,42-2"
"ATM" 5742832 "Aztreonam" "Monobactams" "J01DF01,QJ01DF01" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Monobactams" "at,atm,azm,azt,azt1,aztr,aztreo" "azactam,azetreonam,azonam,azthreonam,aztreon,aztreonamum,cayston,dynabiotic,nebactam,primbactam,squibb" 4 "g" "101497-6,16423-6,18868-0,25234-6,3369-6,41662-8,41663-6,41664-4,41727-9,43-0,44-8,45-5,46-3,6982-3"
"AZA" "Aztreonam/avibactam" "Monobactams" "J01DF51,QJ01DF51" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"ANC" "Aztreonam/nacubactam" "Monobactams" "J01DF51,QJ01DF51" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"BAM" 441397 "Bacampicillin" "Beta-lactams/penicillins" "J01CA06,QJ01CA06" "Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins" "Penicillins with extended spectrum" "bacamp" "alphacilina,alphacillin,ambacamp,ambaxin,bacacil,bacampicilina,bacampicilline,bacampicillinum,bacampicine,berocillin,centurina,devonium,diancina,inacilin,maxifen,penglobe,pivatil,pondocil,pondocillin,pondocillina,sanguicillin,spectrobid,velbacil" 1.2 "g" "18869-8,47-1,48-9,49-7,50-5,55620-9"
"BAC" 78358334 "Bacitracin" "Other antibacterials" "D06AX05,J01XX10,QA07AA93,QD06AX05,QJ01XX10,QR02AB04,QS01AA32,R02AB04,S01AA32" "baci,bacitr" "albac,altracin,ayfivin,baciferm,baciguent,baciim,baciliquin,bacilliquin,baciquent,bacitracina,bacitracine,bacitracinum,fortracin,mycitracin,parentracin,penitracin,septa,topitracin,topitrasin,tropitracin,zutracin" "10868-8,16428-5,18870-6,6827-0,6983-1,87603-7"
"BDQ" 5388906 "Bedaquiline" "Other antibacterials" "J04AK05,QJ04AK05" "NA" "NA" 86 "mg" "80637-2,88703-4,88704-2,94274-8,96107-8"
"AZD" 15574941 "Azidocillin" "Penicillins,Beta-lactams" "J01CE04,QJ01CE04" "Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins" "Beta-lactamase sensitive penicillins" "NA" "azidocilina,azidocillina,azidocilline,azidocillinum" 1.5 "g" "NA"
"AZM" 447043 "Azithromycin" "Macrolides" "J01FA10,QJ01FA10,QS01AA26,S01AA26" "Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins" "Macrolides" "az,azi,azit,azithr,azm" "aritromicina,aruzilina,azasite,azenil,azifast,azigram,azimakrol,azithramycine,azithrocin,azithromycine,azithromycinum,azitrocin,azitromax,azitromicina,azitromicine,azitromin,aziwin,aziwok,aztrin,azyter,hemomycin,macrozit,misultina,mixoterin,setron,sumamed,tobil,toraseptol,tromix,trozocina,trulimax,xithrone,zentavion,zifin,zithrax,zithromac,zithromax,zitrim,zitromax,zitrotek,zythromax" 0.3 "g" 0.5 "g" "100043-9,16420-2,16421-0,18866-4,23612-5,25233-8,35-6,36-4,37-2,38-0,6981-5,89480-8"
"AFC" "Azithromycin/fluconazole/secnidazole" "Other" "J01RA07,QJ01RA07" "Combinations of antibacterials" "Combinations of antibacterials" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"AZL" 6479523 "Azlocillin" "Ureidopenicillins,Penicillins,Beta-lactams" "J01CA09,QJ01CA09" "Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins" "Penicillins with extended spectrum" "az,azl,azlo,azloci" "azlin,azlocilina,azlocilline,azlocillinsalt,azlocillinum,securopen" 12 "g" "16422-8,18867-2,3368-8,39-8,40-6,41-4,41661-0,42-2"
"ATM" 5742832 "Aztreonam" "Monobactams,Beta-lactams" "J01DF01,QJ01DF01" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Monobactams" "at,atm,azm,azt,azt1,aztr,aztreo" "azactam,azetreonam,azonam,azthreonam,aztreon,aztreonamum,cayston,dynabiotic,nebactam,primbactam,squibb" 4 "g" "101497-6,16423-6,18868-0,25234-6,3369-6,41662-8,41663-6,41664-4,41727-9,43-0,44-8,45-5,46-3,6982-3"
"AZA" "Aztreonam/avibactam" "Monobactams,Beta-lactams,Beta-lactamase inhibitors" "J01DF51,QJ01DF51" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"ANC" "Aztreonam/nacubactam" "Monobactams,Beta-lactams,Beta-lactamase inhibitors" "J01DF51,QJ01DF51" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"BAM" 441397 "Bacampicillin" "Penicillins,Beta-lactams" "J01CA06,QJ01CA06" "Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins" "Penicillins with extended spectrum" "bacamp" "alphacilina,alphacillin,ambacamp,ambaxin,bacacil,bacampicilina,bacampicilline,bacampicillinum,bacampicine,berocillin,centurina,devonium,diancina,inacilin,maxifen,penglobe,pivatil,pondocil,pondocillin,pondocillina,sanguicillin,spectrobid,velbacil" 1.2 "g" "18869-8,47-1,48-9,49-7,50-5,55620-9"
"BAC" 78358334 "Bacitracin" "Other" "D06AX05,J01XX10,QA07AA93,QD06AX05,QJ01XX10,QR02AB04,QS01AA32,R02AB04,S01AA32" "baci,bacitr" "albac,altracin,ayfivin,baciferm,baciguent,baciim,baciliquin,bacilliquin,baciquent,bacitracina,bacitracine,bacitracinum,fortracin,mycitracin,parentracin,penitracin,septa,topitracin,topitrasin,tropitracin,zutracin" "10868-8,16428-5,18870-6,6827-0,6983-1,87603-7"
"BDQ" 5388906 "Bedaquiline" "Other" "J04AK05,QJ04AK05" "NA" "NA" 86 "mg" "80637-2,88703-4,88704-2,94274-8,96107-8"
"BEK" 439318 "Bekanamycin" "Aminoglycosides" "J01GB13,QJ01GB13" "NA" "aminodeoxykanamycin,becanamicina,bekanamicina,bekanamycine,bekanamycinum" 0.6 "g" "NA"
"BNB" "Benzathine benzylpenicillin" "Beta-lactams/penicillins" "J01CE08,QJ01CE08" "Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins" "Beta-lactamase sensitive penicillins" "NA" "NA" 3.6 "g" "NA"
"BNP" 64725 "Benzathine phenoxymethylpenicillin" "Beta-lactams/penicillins" "J01CE10,QJ01CE10" "Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins" "Beta-lactamase sensitive penicillins" "NA" "bicillin,biphecillin" 2 "g" "NA"
"PEN" 5904 "Benzylpenicillin" "Beta-lactams/penicillins" "J01CE01,QJ01CE01,QJ51CE01,QS01AA14,S01AA14" "Combinations of antibacterials" "Combinations of antibacterials" "bepe,pen,peni,peni g,penic8,penica,penici,penicillin,penicillin g,penora,pg" "bencilpenicilina,benzopenicillin,benzylpenicilline,benzylpenicillinum,capicillin,cillora,cilloral,cilopen,cintrisul,cosmopen,cristapen,crystapen,dropcillin,eskacillin,falapen,forpen,galofak,gelacillin,hipercilina,hyasorb,hylenta,lemopen,liquacillin,liquapen,monocillin,monopen,mycofarm,novocillin,penalev,penicillinum,penilaryn,penisem,pentid,pentids,pfizerpen,pharmacillin,pradupen,scotcil,sugracillin,sugracillinsalt,tabilin,ursopen,veticillin" 3.6 "g" "NA"
"PEN-S" "Benzylpenicillin screening test" "Beta-lactams/penicillins" "NA" "pen screen" "NA" "NA"
"BES" 10178705 "Besifloxacin" "Fluoroquinolones" "QS01AE08,S01AE08" "besifl" "besivance" "73606-6,73628-0,73651-2"
"BNB" "Benzathine benzylpenicillin" "Penicillins,Beta-lactams" "J01CE08,QJ01CE08" "Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins" "Beta-lactamase sensitive penicillins" "NA" "NA" 3.6 "g" "NA"
"BNP" 64725 "Benzathine phenoxymethylpenicillin" "Penicillins,Beta-lactams" "J01CE10,QJ01CE10" "Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins" "Beta-lactamase sensitive penicillins" "NA" "bicillin,biphecillin" 2 "g" "NA"
"PEN" 5904 "Benzylpenicillin" "Penicillins,Beta-lactams" "J01CE01,QJ01CE01,QJ51CE01,QS01AA14,S01AA14" "Combinations of antibacterials" "Combinations of antibacterials" "bepe,pen,peni,peni g,penic8,penica,penici,penicillin,penicillin g,penora,pg" "bencilpenicilina,benzopenicillin,benzylpenicilline,benzylpenicillinum,capicillin,cillora,cilloral,cilopen,cintrisul,cosmopen,cristapen,crystapen,dropcillin,eskacillin,falapen,forpen,galofak,gelacillin,hipercilina,hyasorb,hylenta,lemopen,liquacillin,liquapen,monocillin,monopen,mycofarm,novocillin,penalev,penicillinum,penilaryn,penisem,pentid,pentids,pfizerpen,pharmacillin,pradupen,scotcil,sugracillin,sugracillinsalt,tabilin,ursopen,veticillin" 3.6 "g" "NA"
"PEN-S" "Benzylpenicillin screening test" "Penicillins,Beta-lactams" "NA" "pen screen" "NA" "NA"
"BES" 10178705 "Besifloxacin" "Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones" "QS01AE08,S01AE08" "besifl" "besivance" "73606-6,73628-0,73651-2"
"BLA-S" "Beta-lactamase screening test" "Other" "NA" "beta-lactamase,betalactamase,bl screen,blt screen" "NA" "NA"
"BIA" 71339 "Biapenem" "Carbapenems" "J01DH05,QJ01DH05" "biapen" "biapenern,omegacin" 1.2 "g" "41665-1,41666-9,41667-7,41728-7"
"BCZ" 65807 "Bicyclomycin" "Other antibacterials" "NA" "bicozamycin" "aizumycin,bacfeed,bacteron,bicozamicina,bicozamycin,bicozamycine,bicozamycinum" "NA"
"BIA" 71339 "Biapenem" "Carbapenems,Beta-lactams" "J01DH05,QJ01DH05" "biapen" "biapenern,omegacin" 1.2 "g" "41665-1,41666-9,41667-7,41728-7"
"BCZ" 65807 "Bicyclomycin" "Other" "NA" "bicozamycin" "aizumycin,bacfeed,bacteron,bicozamicina,bicozamycin,bicozamycine,bicozamycinum" "NA"
"BLM" 5360373 "Bleomycin" "Glycopeptides" "L01DC01,QL01DC01" "NA" "blenamax,blenoxane,bleocin,bleomicin,bleomicina,bleomycine,bleomycins,bleomycinum,blexane,nbleomycinamide" "NA"
"BDP" 68760 "Brodimoprim" "Trimethoprims" "J01EA02,QJ01EA02" "Sulfonamides and trimethoprim" "Trimethoprim and derivatives" "NA" "brodimoprima,brodimoprime,brodimoprimum,bromdimoprim,hyprim,unitrim" 0.2 "g" "NA"
"BUT" 47472 "Butoconazole" "Antifungals/antimycotics" "G01AF15,QG01AF15" "NA" "butaconazole,butoconazol,butoconazolum,gynofort" "NA"
"BDP" 68760 "Brodimoprim" "Trimethoprims,Sulfonamides" "J01EA02,QJ01EA02" "Sulfonamides and trimethoprim" "Trimethoprim and derivatives" "NA" "brodimoprima,brodimoprime,brodimoprimum,bromdimoprim,hyprim,unitrim" 0.2 "g" "NA"
"BUT" 47472 "Butoconazole" "Antifungals" "G01AF15,QG01AF15" "NA" "butaconazole,butoconazol,butoconazolum,gynofort" "NA"
"CDZ" 44242317 "Cadazolid" "Oxazolidinones" "NA" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"CLA" "Calcium aminosalicylate" "Antimycobacterials" "J04AA03,QJ04AA03" "Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis" "Aminosalicylic acid and derivatives" "NA" "NA" 15 "g" "NA"
"CAP" 135565060 "Capreomycin" "Antimycobacterials" "J04AB30,QJ04AB30" "Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis" "Antibiotics" "capr,capreo" "NA" 1 "g" "16545-6,18872-2,23607-5,25210-6,25211-4,25212-2,42643-7,48170-5,55-4,55623-3,56-2,57-0,58-8,61355-4,89483-2"
"CRB" 20824 "Carbenicillin" "Beta-lactams/penicillins" "J01CA03,QJ01CA03" "Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins" "Penicillins with extended spectrum" "bar,carb,carben,cb" "anabactyl,carbecin,carbenicilina,carbenicillina,carbenicilline,carbenicillinum,dicarbenicillin,dipenicillin,fugacillin,geopen,gripenin,hyoper,microcillin,piopen,pyocianil,pyoclox,pyopan,pyopen,pyopene" 12 "g" "18873-0,3434-8,41668-5,59-6,60-4,61-2,62-0"
"CRN" 93184 "Carindacillin" "Beta-lactams/penicillins" "J01CA05,QJ01CA05" "Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins" "Penicillins with extended spectrum" "NA" "carindacilina,carindacilline,carindacillinsalt,carindacillinum,geocillin,indanylcarbinicillin,urobac" 4 "g" "NA"
"CAR" 6540466 "Carumonam" "Monobactams" "J01DF02,QJ01DF02" "NA" "carumonamum" 2 "g" "51694-8"
"CAS" 2826718 "Caspofungin" "Antifungals/antimycotics" "J02AX04,QJ02AX04" "Antimycotics for systemic use" "Other antimycotics for systemic use" "casp,caspof" "cancidas,caspofungina" 50 "mg" "32378-2,54175-5,54176-3,54185-4,58419-3"
"CAC" 91562 "Cefacetrile" "Cephalosporins (1st gen.)" "J01DB10,QJ01DB10,QJ51DB10" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "First-generation cephalosporins" "cephac" "cefacetril,cefacetrilo,cefacetrilum,celospor,cephacetrile,vetrimast" "55624-1,55625-8,55626-6,55627-4"
"CEC" 51039 "Cefaclor" "Cephalosporins (2nd gen.)" "J01DC04,QJ01DC04" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Second-generation cephalosporins" "ccl,cec,cefacl,cf,cfac,cfc,cfcl,cfr,fac" "alenfral,alfacet,alfatil,ceclor,cefachlor,cefaclorum,cefeaclor,cephaclor,compound,distaclor,keflor,kefolor,kefral,keftab,keftid,lilly,lopac,panacef,panoral,raniclor" 1 "g" "16564-7,18874-8,21149-0,6986-4,83-6,84-4,85-1,86-9"
"CFR" 47965 "Cefadroxil" "Cephalosporins (1st gen.)" "J01DB05,QJ01DB05" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "First-generation cephalosporins" "cefadr,cfdx,cfr,fad" "bidocel,cefadrops,cefadroxilo,cefadroxilum,cefradroxil,cefzil,cephadroxil,duracef,duricef,kefroxil,sumacef,ultracef" 2 "g" "16565-4,18875-5,55628-2,63-8,64-6,65-3,66-1"
"LEX" 27447 "Cefalexin" "Cephalosporins (1st gen.)" "J01DB01,QJ01DB01,QJ51DB01" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "First-generation cephalosporins" "cepale,cflx" "adcadina,alcephin,alsporin,ambal,amplex,aristosporin,azabort,bactopenor,beliam,biocef,carnosporin,cefablan,cefacet,cefadal,cefadin,cefadina,cefalekey,cefaleksin,cefalessina,cefalexgobens,cefalexina,cefalexine,cefalexinum,cefalin,cefalival,cefaloto,cefanex,cefaseptin,cefax,ceffanex,cefibacter,ceflax,ceforal,cefovit,celexin,cepastar,cepexin,cephacillin,cephalexine,cephalexinum,cephalobene,cephanasten,cephaxin,cephin,cepol,ceporex,ceporexin,ceporexine,cerexin,cerexins,check,cophalexin,domucef,doriman,durantel,efemida,erocetin,factagard,felexin,fexin,ibilex,ibrexin,inphalex,karilexina,kefalospes,keflet,keflex,kefolan,keforal,kekrinal,kidolex,lafarine,larixin,lenocef,lexibiotico,loisine,lonflex,lopilexin,losporal,madlexin,maksipor,mamalexin,mamlexin,medolexin,medoxine,neokef,neolexina,noveol,novolexin,nufex,optocef,oracef,oriphex,oroxin,ortisporina,ospexin,palitrex,panixine,pectril,prindex,pyassan,rilexine,roceph,rogevil,sanaxin,sartosona,sencephalin,sepexin,servicef,servispor,sialexin,sinthecillin,sintolexyn,sporicef,sporidex,syncl,syncle,synecl,taicelexin,tepaxin,theratrex,tokiolexin,uphalexin,viosporine,voxxim,winlex,zabytrex,zozarine" 2 "g" "NA"
"RID" 5773 "Cefaloridine" "Cephalosporins (1st gen.)" "J01DB02,QJ01DB02" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "First-generation cephalosporins" "cefa,ceplor" "aliporina,ampligram,cefaloridin,cefaloridina,cefaloridinum,cefalorizin,ceflorin,cepaloridin,cepalorin,cephalomycine,cephaloridin,cephaloridine,cephaloridinum,ceporan,ceporin,ceporine,cilifor,deflorin,faredina,floridin,glaxoridin,intrasporin,keflodin,keflordin,kefloridin,kefspor,lloncefal,sasperin,sefacin,verolgin,vioviantine" 3 "g" "NA"
"CEP" 6024 "Cefalotin" "Cephalosporins (1st gen.)" "J01DB03,QJ01DB03" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "First-generation cephalosporins" "cephal,cfal,cflt" "averon,cefalothin,cefalothine,cefalothinsalt,cefalotina,cefalotine,cefalotinsalt,cefalotinum,cemastin,cephalothin,cephalothinsalt,cephalothinum,cephalotin,cephalotinsalt,ceporacin,cepovenin,coaxin,keflin,lospoven,microtin,seffin,synclotin,toricelocin" 4 "g" "NA"
"MAN" 456255 "Cefamandole" "Cephalosporins (2nd gen.)" "J01DC03,QJ01DC03" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Second-generation cephalosporins" "cefama,cfam,cfmn" "cefadole,cefamandol,cefamandolum,cephadole,kefamandol,kefdole,mancef" 6 "g" "18876-3,3441-3,41669-3,55634-0,55635-7,55636-5,55637-3,67-9,68-7,69-5,70-3"
"HAP" 30699 "Cefapirin" "Cephalosporins (1st gen.)" "J01DB08,QG51AA05,QJ01DB08,QJ51DB08" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "First-generation cephalosporins" "cephap" "ambrocef,brisfirina,brisporin,bristocef,cefadyl,cefalak,cefaloject,cefapirina,cefapirine,cefapirinsalt,cefapirinum,cefaprin,cefatrex,cefatrexyl,cephapirin,cephapirine,cephapirinsalt,cephatrexil,cephatrexyl,metricure" 4 "g" "NA"
"CTZ" 6410758 "Cefatrizine" "Cephalosporins (1st gen.)" "J01DB07,QJ01DB07" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "First-generation cephalosporins" "cefatr" "bricef,cefathiamidine,cefatrix,cefatrizino,cefatrizinum,cephatriazine,cepticol,cetrazil,latocef,orosporina,orotric,seapuron,trizina" 1 "g" "18877-1,55639-9,71-1,72-9,73-7,74-5"
"CZD" 71736 "Cefazedone" "Cephalosporins (1st gen.)" "J01DB06,QJ01DB06" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "First-generation cephalosporins" "cefaze" "cefazedon,cefazedona,cefazedonesalt,cefazedonum,refosporen,refosporene,refosporin,refosporinsalt" 3 "g" "NA"
"CZO" 33255 "Cefazolin" "Cephalosporins (1st gen.)" "J01DB04,QJ01DB04,QJ51DB04" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "First-generation cephalosporins" "cefazo,cfz,cfzl,cz,czol,faz,kz" "ancef,atirin,biazolina,cefabiozim,cefacidal,cefalomicina,cefamedin,cefamezin,cefazil,cefazina,cefazolina,cefazoline,cefazolinsalt,cefazolinum,cephamezine,cephazolidin,cephazolin,cephazoline,elzogram,firmacef,gramaxin,kefzol,lampocef,liviclina,neofazol,oprea,recef,totacef,zolicef,zolisint" 3 "g" "16566-2,18878-9,25235-3,3442-1,3443-9,41670-1,75-2,76-0,77-8,78-6,80962-4,85422-4"
"CFB" 127527 "Cefbuperazone" "Other antibacterials" "J01DC13,QJ01DC13" "cefbup" "cefbuperazona,cefbuperazonesalt,cefbuperazonum,cefbuperzaone,cerbuperazone,keiperazon,tomiporan" 2 "g" "NA"
"CCP" 6436055 "Cefcapene" "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)" "J01DD17,QJ01DD17" "cefcap" "flomox" 0.45 "g" "100044-7,76143-7"
"CCX" 5282438 "Cefcapene pivoxil" "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)" "NA" "NA" "cefcamate,flumax" "NA"
"CDR" 6915944 "Cefdinir" "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)" "J01DD15,QJ01DD15" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Third-generation cephalosporins" "cd,cdn,cdr,cefdin,cfd,din" "cefdinirum,cefdinyl,cefdirnir,ceftinex,cefzon,omnicef" 0.6 "g" "23636-4,23637-2,35757-4,35758-2"
"DIT" 9870843 "Cefditoren" "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)" "J01DD16,QJ01DD16" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Third-generation cephalosporins" "cdn,cefdit" "cefditoreno,spectracef" 0.4 "g" "35759-0,35760-8,35761-6,35762-4"
"DIX" 6437877 "Cefditoren pivoxil" "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)" "NA" "NA" "cefditorin,meiact,pivaloyloxymethyl" "NA"
"FEP" 5479537 "Cefepime" "Cephalosporins (4th gen.)" "J01DE01,QJ01DE01" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Fourth-generation cephalosporins" "cefep4,cefepi,cfep,cfpi,cpe,cpm,fep,pm,xpm" "anticefepime,axepim,cefepima,cefepimum,maxipime,pyrrolidinium,renapime" 4 "g" "101502-3,18879-7,31142-3,31143-1,35763-2,38363-8,42350-9,42351-7,42353-3,50631-1,58412-8,6643-1,6644-9,6645-7,6646-5,6987-2,8272-7,8273-5"
"CFA" "Cefepime/amikacin" "Cephalosporins (4th gen.)" "J01DE51,QJ01DE51" "Combinations of antibacterials" "Combinations of antibacterials" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"CPC" 9567559 "Cefepime/clavulanic acid" "Cephalosporins (4th gen.)" "J01DE51,QJ01DE51" "cefcla,cicl,xpml" "NA" "NA"
"FPE" 23653540 "Cefepime/enmetazobactam" "Cephalosporins (4th gen.)" "J01DE51,QJ01DE51" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"FNC" "Cefepime/nacubactam" "Cephalosporins (4th gen.)" "J01DE51,QJ01DE51" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"FPT" 9567558 "Cefepime/tazobactam" "Cephalosporins (4th gen.)" "J01DE51,QJ01DE51" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"FPZ" "Cefepime/zidebactam" "Cephalosporins (4th gen.)" "J01DE51,QJ01DE51" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"CAT" 5487888 "Cefetamet" "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)" "J01DD10,QJ01DD10" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Third-generation cephalosporins" "cefeta,cefmtm" "cefetametum,deacetoxycefotaxime,epocelin" 1 "g" "32377-4,35764-0,35765-7,55640-7"
"CPI" 5486182 "Cefetamet pivoxil" "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)" "NA" "NA" "cefetametpivoxil,cefyl,globocef" "NA"
"CCL" 71719688 "Cefetecol" "Cephalosporins (4th gen.)" "NA" "cefcatacol" "NA" "NA"
"CZL" 193956 "Cefetrizole" "Cephalosporins (unclassified gen.)" "NA" "NA" "cefetrizolum" "NA"
"FDC" 77843966 "Cefiderocol" "Cephalosporins (unclassified gen.)" "J01DI04,QJ01DI04" "NA" "fetcroja" 6 "g" "95767-0,99280-0,99503-5"
"CFM" 5362065 "Cefixime" "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)" "J01DD08,QJ01DD08" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Third-generation cephalosporins" "cefixi,cfe,cfix,cfxm,dcfm,fix,ix" "cefixim,cefixima,cefiximum,cefixoral,cefspan,cephoral,citropen,denvar,necopen,oraken,oroken,suprax,tricef,unixime" 0.4 "g" "16567-0,18880-5,25236-1,35766-5,79-4,80-2,81-0,82-8"
"CEO" "Cefixime/ornidazole" "Other antibacterials" "J01DD58,QJ01DD58" "Combinations of antibacterials" "Combinations of antibacterials" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"CMX" 9570757 "Cefmenoxime" "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)" "J01DD05,QJ01DD05,QS01AA31,QS02AA18,S01AA31,S02AA18" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Third-generation cephalosporins" "cefmen" "bestron,cefmenoxima,cefmenoximum,tacef" 2 "g" "32375-8,54174-8,54203-5,55641-5"
"CMZ" 42008 "Cefmetazole" "Cephalosporins (2nd gen.)" "J01DC09,QJ01DC09" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Second-generation cephalosporins" "cefmet" "cefmetazol,cefmetazolo,cefmetazolum,cefmetazon,metafar,zefazone" 4 "g" "11575-8,18881-3,25222-1,87-7,88-5,89-3,90-1"
"CNX" 71141 "Cefminox" "Other antibacterials" "J01DC12,QJ01DC12" "cefmin" "alteporina,cefminoxhydrate,cefminoxum,meicelin,tencef" 4 "g" "54908-9"
"DIZ" 5361871 "Cefodizime" "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)" "J01DD09,QJ01DD09" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Third-generation cephalosporins" "NA" "cefodizima,cefodizimum,cefodizme,diezime,kenicef,modivid,neucef,timecef" 2 "g" "18882-1,6988-0,91-9,92-7,93-5,94-3"
"CID" 43594 "Cefonicid" "Cephalosporins (2nd gen.)" "J01DC06,QJ01DC06" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Second-generation cephalosporins" "cefoni" "cefonicide,cefonicido,cefonicidsalt,cefonicidum,monocef,monocid" 1 "g" "18883-9,25237-9,3444-7,55642-3,95-0,96-8,97-6,98-4"
"CFP" 44187 "Cefoperazone" "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)" "J01DD12,QJ01DD12,QJ51DD12" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Third-generation cephalosporins" "cefope,cfp,cfpz,cp,cpz,fop,per" "bioperazone,cefob,cefobid,cefobis,cefoneg,cefoper,cefoperazin,cefoperazine,cefoperazon,cefoperazona,cefoperazonesalt,cefoperazono,cefoperazonum,cefozon,medocef,myticef,pathozone,peracef,tomabef" 4 "g" "100-8,101-6,102-4,18884-7,3445-4,35767-3,35768-1,54166-4,54167-2,54168-0,99-2"
"CSL" "Cefoperazone/sulbactam" "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)" "J01DD62,QJ01DD62" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Third-generation cephalosporins" "fopsul" "NA" 4 "g" "35768-1,54166-4,54167-2,54168-0"
"CND" 43507 "Ceforanide" "Cephalosporins (2nd gen.)" "J01DC11,QJ01DC11" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Second-generation cephalosporins" "cefora" "ceforanido,ceforanidum,precef" 4 "g" "103-2,104-0,105-7,106-5,18885-4,55643-1"
"CSE" 9830519 "Cefoselis" "Cephalosporins (4th gen.)" "NA" "cefose" "winsef" "NA"
"CTX" 5742673 "Cefotaxime" "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)" "J01DD01,QJ01DD01" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Third-generation cephalosporins" "cefo32,cefota,cfot,cft,cftx,ct,ctx,fot,fot1,tax,taxmen,taxnme,xct" "anticefotaxime,cefotax,cefotaxim,cefotaxima,cefotaximesalt,cefotaximsalt,cefotaximum,cephotaxim,cephotaxime,claforan,kefotex,omnatax,pretor,ralopar,tolycar,tolycor,zariviz" 4 "g" "101479-4,101480-2,107-3,108-1,109-9,110-7,18886-2,25238-7,31138-1,31139-9,3446-2,35769-9,35770-7,35771-5,41671-9,50632-9,52128-6,54191-2,54192-0,54193-8,55189-5,55644-9,6989-8,80961-6"
"CTX-S" "Cefotaxime screening test" "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)" "NA" "ctx screen" "NA" "NA"
"CTC" 9575353 "Cefotaxime/clavulanic acid" "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)" "J01DD51,QJ01DD51" "cxcl,taxcla,xctl" "NA" "NA"
"CTS" 9574753 "Cefotaxime/sulbactam" "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)" "J01DD51,QJ01DD51" "NA" "NA" "54191-2,54192-0,54193-8,55644-9"
"CTT" 53025 "Cefotetan" "Cephalosporins (2nd gen.)" "J01DC05,QJ01DC05" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Second-generation cephalosporins" "cefote,cftt,cn,cte,ctn,ctt,tans" "apacef,apatef,cefotetanum" 4 "g" "111-5,112-3,113-1,114-9,18887-0,25239-5,3447-0,41672-7,41673-5,41674-3,41729-5,6990-6"
"CTF" 43708 "Cefotiam" "Cephalosporins (2nd gen.)" "J01DC07,QJ01DC07" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Second-generation cephalosporins" "cefoti" "aspil,cefotiamum,ceradon,halospor,pansporin,pansporine,spizef" 1.2 "g" 4 "g" "32374-1,35772-3,35773-1,55645-6,55737-1,55738-9,55739-7,55740-5"
"CHE" 125846 "Cefotiam hexetil" "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)" "NA" "NA" "taketiam,texodil" "55737-1,55738-9,55739-7,55740-5"
"FOV" 9578573 "Cefovecin" "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)" "QJ01DD91" "cefove" "cefovecinsalt,convenia" "76147-8,87792-8"
"FOX" 441199 "Cefoxitin" "Cephalosporins (2nd gen.)" "J01DC01,QJ01DC01" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Second-generation cephalosporins" "cefoxi,cfox,cfx,cfxt,cx,fox,fx" "betacef,cefoxil,cefoxitina,cefoxitine,cefoxitinsalt,cefoxitinum,cefoxotin,cenomycin,farmoxin,mefoxin,mefoxithin,mefoxitin,merxin,rephoxitin" 6 "g" "101492-7,115-6,116-4,117-2,118-0,18888-8,25220-5,25240-3,25366-6,3448-8,41675-0,41676-8,41677-6,41730-3,6991-4"
"FOX-S" "Cefoxitin screening test" "Cephalosporins (2nd gen.)" "NA" "cfsc,fox1" "NA" "NA"
"ZOP" 9571080 "Cefozopran" "Cephalosporins (4th gen.)" "J01DE03,QJ01DE03" "cefozo" "firstcin,imidazo" 4 "g" "100045-4,53820-7"
"CFZ" 68597 "Cefpimizole" "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)" "NA" "cefpim" "ajicef,cefpimizol,cefpimizolesalt,cefpimizolum,renilan" "NA"
"CPM" 636405 "Cefpiramide" "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)" "J01DD11,QJ01DD11" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Third-generation cephalosporins" "cefpam" "cefpiramida,cefpiramidesalt,cefpiramido,cefpiramidum,sepatren,suncefal" 2 "g" "NA"
"CPO" 5479539 "Cefpirome" "Cephalosporins (4th gen.)" "J01DE02,QJ01DE02" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Fourth-generation cephalosporins" "cefpom,cfpr" "broact,cefir,cefpiroma,cefpiromum,cefrom,keiten,romecef" 4 "g" "18889-6,6647-3,6648-1,6649-9,6650-6,6992-2,8274-3,8275-0,8276-8"
"CPD" 6335986 "Cefpodoxime" "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)" "J01DD13,QJ01DD13" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Third-generation cephalosporins" "cefpod,cfpd,cfpo,cpd,pod,pod4,px" "cefpodoxima,cefpodoximum,epoxim" 0.4 "g" "119-8,120-6,121-4,122-2,18890-4,25241-1,41678-4,41679-2,41680-0,41731-1,6993-0,90849-1"
"CPX" 6526396 "Cefpodoxime proxetil" "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)" "NA" "NA" "banan,cefodox,cefoprox,cefpoderm,cefpodoximproxetil,cepodem,doxef,orelox,otreon,podomexef,simplicef,vantin" "NA"
"CDC" "Cefpodoxime/clavulanic acid" "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)" "J01DD64,QJ01DD64" "cecl,podcla" "NA" 0.4 "g" "NA"
"CPR" 5281006 "Cefprozil" "Cephalosporins (2nd gen.)" "J01DC10,QJ01DC10" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Second-generation cephalosporins" "cefpro,cpr,cpz,fp" "arzimol,brisoral,cefprozilo,cefprozilum,cronocef,procef,serozil" 1 "g" "123-0,124-8,125-5,126-3,18891-2,6994-8"
"CEQ" 5464355 "Cefquinome" "Cephalosporins (4th gen.)" "QG51AA07,QJ01DE90,QJ51DE90" "cefqui" "cefquinoma,cefquinomum,cobactan,quinolinium" "100046-2,76150-2"
"CRD" 5284529 "Cefroxadine" "Cephalosporins (1st gen.)" "J01DB11,QJ01DB11" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "First-generation cephalosporins" "ceftix" "cefroxadin,cefroxadino,cefroxadinum,oraspor" 2.1 "g" "NA"
"CFS" 656575 "Cefsulodin" "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)" "J01DD03,QJ01DD03" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Third-generation cephalosporins" "cefsul,cfsl,cfsu" "cefomonil,cefonomil,cefsulodine,cefsulodinhydrate,cefsulodino,cefsulodinum,pseudocef,pseudomonil,pyocefal,sulcephalosporin,takesulin,tilmapor,ulfaret" 4 "g" "127-1,128-9,129-7,130-5,131-3,18892-0,25242-9,55647-2"
"CSU" 68718 "Cefsumide" "Cephalosporins (unclassified gen.)" "NA" "NA" "cefsulmid,cefsumido,cefsumidum" "NA"
"CPT" 56841980 "Ceftaroline" "Cephalosporins (5th gen.)" "J01DI02,QJ01DI02" "ceftar,cfro" "ceftaroine,teflaro,zinforo" "73604-1,73605-8,73626-4,73627-2,73649-6,73650-4,74170-2"
"CPA" "Ceftaroline/avibactam" "Cephalosporins (5th gen.)" "NA" "NA" "NA" "73604-1,73626-4,73649-6"
"CAZ" 5481173 "Ceftazidime" "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)" "J01DD02,QJ01DD02" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Third-generation cephalosporins" "caz,cefta,ceftaz,cfta,cftz,taz,tz,xtz" "ceftazimide,ceptaz,fortam,fortaz,fortum,glazidim,kefazim,modacin,pentacef,tazicef,tizime" 4 "g" "101481-0,101482-8,101483-6,132-1,133-9,134-7,135-4,18893-8,21151-6,3449-6,35774-9,35775-6,35776-4,42352-5,55648-0,55649-8,55650-6,55651-4,58705-5,6995-5,73603-3,73625-6,73648-8,80960-8,87734-0,90850-9"
"CZA" 90643431 "Ceftazidime/avibactam" "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)" "J01DD52,QJ01DD52" "cfav" "avycaz,zavicefta" 6 "g" "101483-6,73603-3,73625-6,73648-8,87734-0"
"CCV" 9575352 "Ceftazidime/clavulanic acid" "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)" "J01DD52,QJ01DD52" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Third-generation cephalosporins" "czcl,tazcla,xtzl" "NA" 6 "g" "NA"
"CEM" 6537431 "Cefteram" "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)" "J01DD18,QJ01DD18" "cefter" "cefterame,cefteramum,ceftetrame" 0.4 "g" "100047-0,76144-5"
"CPL" 5362114 "Cefteram pivoxil" "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)" "NA" "NA" "cefterampivoxil,tomiron" "NA"
"CTL" 65755 "Ceftezole" "Cephalosporins (1st gen.)" "J01DB12,QJ01DB12" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "First-generation cephalosporins" "ceftez" "alomen,ceftezol,ceftezolesalt,ceftezolo,ceftezolum,celoslin,demethylcefazolin,falomesin" 3 "g" "NA"
"CTB" 5282242 "Ceftibuten" "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)" "J01DD14,QJ01DD14" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Third-generation cephalosporins" "cb,ceftib,cfbu,ctb,tib" "cedax,ceftem,ceftibutene,ceftibuteno,ceftibutenum,ceftibutin,ceprifran,isocef,keimax,seftem" 0.4 "g" "35777-2,35778-0,35779-8,6996-3"
"TIO" 6328657 "Ceftiofur" "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)" "QJ01DD90,QJ51DD90" "ceftif" "ceftiofurum,excenel,naxcel" "23709-9,35780-6,35781-4,55652-2"
"CZX" 6533629 "Ceftizoxime" "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)" "J01DD07,QJ01DD07" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Third-generation cephalosporins" "ceftiz,cfzx,ctz,cz,czx,tiz,zox" "cefizox,ceftix,ceftizoxima,ceftizoximesalt,ceftizoximum,eposerin" 4 "g" "136-2,137-0,138-8,139-6,18894-6,20378-6,23622-4,25243-7,3450-4,6997-1"
"CZP" 9578661 "Ceftizoxime alapivoxil" "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)" "NA" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"BPR" 135413542 "Ceftobiprole" "Cephalosporins (5th gen.)" "NA" "ceftob" "NA" "43269-0,43270-8,43271-6,43272-4,85052-9"
"CFM1" 135413544 "Ceftobiprole medocaril" "Cephalosporins (5th gen.)" "J01DI01,QJ01DI01" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Other cephalosporins and penems" "NA" "zevtera" 1.5 "g" "NA"
"CZT" 86291594 "Ceftolozane/tazobactam" "Cephalosporins (5th gen.)" "J01DI54,QJ01DI54" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Other cephalosporins and penems" "cei" "zerbaxa" 3 "g" "101484-4,73602-5,73624-9,73647-0,87735-7"
"CRO" 5479530 "Ceftriaxone" "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)" "J01DD04,QJ01DD04" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Third-generation cephalosporins" "axo,cax,ceftri,cftr,cro,ctr,frx,trimen,trinme,tx" "biotrakson,ceftriaxon,ceftriaxona,ceftriaxonum,ceftriazone,rocefin,rocephalin,rocephin,rocephine,rophex" 2 "g" "101485-1,140-4,141-2,142-0,143-8,18895-3,25244-5,25367-4,31140-7,31141-5,3451-2,41681-8,41682-6,41683-4,41732-9,50633-7,55190-3,6998-9,80957-4"
"CEB" "Ceftriaxone/beta-lactamase inhibitor" "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)" "J01DD63,QJ01DD63" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Third-generation cephalosporins" "NA" "NA" 2 "g" "NA"
"CXM" 5479529 "Cefuroxime" "Cephalosporins (2nd gen.)" "J01DC02,QJ01DC02,QJ51DC02,QS01AA27,S01AA27" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Second-generation cephalosporins" "cefaxe,cefrox,cefuro,cfrx,cfur,cfx,crm,cxm,fur,rox,xm" "anaptivan,biociclin,biofuroksym,bioxima,cefofix,cefumax,cefurex,cefuril,cefurox,cefuroxim,cefuroxima,cefuroximesalt,cefuroximine,cefuroximo,cefuroximum,cephuroxime,cetroxil,colifossim,curoxim,curoxima,curoxime,froxal,furoxil,kefurox,kesint,ketocef,lifurox,medoxim,sharox,spectrazolr,ultroxim,zinacef,zinnat" 0.5 "g" 3 "g" "101503-1,144-6,145-3,146-1,147-9,18896-1,20460-2,25245-2,3452-0,35782-2,35783-0,51724-3,51774-8,55653-0,55654-8,6999-7,74699-0,80608-3,80617-4"
"CXA" 6321416 "Cefuroxime axetil" "Cephalosporins (2nd gen.)" "NA" "cfax" "bioracef,ceftin,cefurax,cefuroximaxetil,celocid,cepazine,cethixim,cetoxil,coliofossim,curocef,elobact,kalcef,maxitil,medoxm,nivador,novador,novocef,oraxim,zinat,zoref" "NA"
"CFM2" "Cefuroxime/metronidazole" "Other antibacterials" "J01DC52,QJ01DC52" "Combinations of antibacterials" "Combinations of antibacterials" "NA" "NA" 0.5 "g" "NA"
"ZON" 6336505 "Cefuzonam" "Other antibacterials" "NA" "cefuzo" "cefuzoname,cefuzonamum,cefzoname,cosmosin" "NA"
"CED" 38103 "Cephradine" "Cephalosporins (1st gen.)" "NA" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "First-generation cephalosporins" "cephra,cfra,cfrd" "anspor,cefradin,cefradina,cefradine,cefradinum,cekodin,cephradin,ecosporina,eskacef,infexin,megacef,sefril,velocef,velosef" "168-5,169-3,170-1,171-9,18902-7,55646-4"
"CRB" 20824 "Carbenicillin" "Penicillins,Beta-lactams" "J01CA03,QJ01CA03" "Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins" "Penicillins with extended spectrum" "bar,carb,carben,cb" "anabactyl,carbecin,carbenicilina,carbenicillina,carbenicilline,carbenicillinum,dicarbenicillin,dipenicillin,fugacillin,geopen,gripenin,hyoper,microcillin,piopen,pyocianil,pyoclox,pyopan,pyopen,pyopene" 12 "g" "18873-0,3434-8,41668-5,59-6,60-4,61-2,62-0"
"CRN" 93184 "Carindacillin" "Penicillins,Beta-lactams" "J01CA05,QJ01CA05" "Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins" "Penicillins with extended spectrum" "NA" "carindacilina,carindacilline,carindacillinsalt,carindacillinum,geocillin,indanylcarbinicillin,urobac" 4 "g" "NA"
"CAR" 6540466 "Carumonam" "Monobactams,Beta-lactams" "J01DF02,QJ01DF02" "NA" "carumonamum" 2 "g" "51694-8"
"CAS" 2826718 "Caspofungin" "Antifungals" "J02AX04,QJ02AX04" "Antimycotics for systemic use" "Other antimycotics for systemic use" "casp,caspof" "cancidas,caspofungina" 50 "mg" "32378-2,54175-5,54176-3,54185-4,58419-3"
"CAC" 91562 "Cefacetrile" "Cephalosporins (1st gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams" "J01DB10,QJ01DB10,QJ51DB10" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "First-generation cephalosporins" "cephac" "cefacetril,cefacetrilo,cefacetrilum,celospor,cephacetrile,vetrimast" "55624-1,55625-8,55626-6,55627-4"
"CEC" 51039 "Cefaclor" "Cephalosporins (2nd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams" "J01DC04,QJ01DC04" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Second-generation cephalosporins" "ccl,cec,cefacl,cf,cfac,cfc,cfcl,cfr,fac" "alenfral,alfacet,alfatil,ceclor,cefachlor,cefaclorum,cefeaclor,cephaclor,compound,distaclor,keflor,kefolor,kefral,keftab,keftid,lilly,lopac,panacef,panoral,raniclor" 1 "g" "16564-7,18874-8,21149-0,6986-4,83-6,84-4,85-1,86-9"
"CFR" 47965 "Cefadroxil" "Cephalosporins (1st gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams" "J01DB05,QJ01DB05" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "First-generation cephalosporins" "cefadr,cfdx,cfr,fad" "bidocel,cefadrops,cefadroxilo,cefadroxilum,cefradroxil,cefzil,cephadroxil,duracef,duricef,kefroxil,sumacef,ultracef" 2 "g" "16565-4,18875-5,55628-2,63-8,64-6,65-3,66-1"
"LEX" 27447 "Cefalexin" "Cephalosporins (1st gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams" "J01DB01,QJ01DB01,QJ51DB01" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "First-generation cephalosporins" "cepale,cflx" "adcadina,alcephin,alsporin,ambal,amplex,aristosporin,azabort,bactopenor,beliam,biocef,carnosporin,cefablan,cefacet,cefadal,cefadin,cefadina,cefalekey,cefaleksin,cefalessina,cefalexgobens,cefalexina,cefalexine,cefalexinum,cefalin,cefalival,cefaloto,cefanex,cefaseptin,cefax,ceffanex,cefibacter,ceflax,ceforal,cefovit,celexin,cepastar,cepexin,cephacillin,cephalexine,cephalexinum,cephalobene,cephanasten,cephaxin,cephin,cepol,ceporex,ceporexin,ceporexine,cerexin,cerexins,check,cophalexin,domucef,doriman,durantel,efemida,erocetin,factagard,felexin,fexin,ibilex,ibrexin,inphalex,karilexina,kefalospes,keflet,keflex,kefolan,keforal,kekrinal,kidolex,lafarine,larixin,lenocef,lexibiotico,loisine,lonflex,lopilexin,losporal,madlexin,maksipor,mamalexin,mamlexin,medolexin,medoxine,neokef,neolexina,noveol,novolexin,nufex,optocef,oracef,oriphex,oroxin,ortisporina,ospexin,palitrex,panixine,pectril,prindex,pyassan,rilexine,roceph,rogevil,sanaxin,sartosona,sencephalin,sepexin,servicef,servispor,sialexin,sinthecillin,sintolexyn,sporicef,sporidex,syncl,syncle,synecl,taicelexin,tepaxin,theratrex,tokiolexin,uphalexin,viosporine,voxxim,winlex,zabytrex,zozarine" 2 "g" "NA"
"RID" 5773 "Cefaloridine" "Cephalosporins (1st gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams" "J01DB02,QJ01DB02" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "First-generation cephalosporins" "cefa,ceplor" "aliporina,ampligram,cefaloridin,cefaloridina,cefaloridinum,cefalorizin,ceflorin,cepaloridin,cepalorin,cephalomycine,cephaloridin,cephaloridine,cephaloridinum,ceporan,ceporin,ceporine,cilifor,deflorin,faredina,floridin,glaxoridin,intrasporin,keflodin,keflordin,kefloridin,kefspor,lloncefal,sasperin,sefacin,verolgin,vioviantine" 3 "g" "NA"
"CEP" 6024 "Cefalotin" "Cephalosporins (1st gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams" "J01DB03,QJ01DB03" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "First-generation cephalosporins" "cephal,cfal,cflt" "averon,cefalothin,cefalothine,cefalothinsalt,cefalotina,cefalotine,cefalotinsalt,cefalotinum,cemastin,cephalothin,cephalothinsalt,cephalothinum,cephalotin,cephalotinsalt,ceporacin,cepovenin,coaxin,keflin,lospoven,microtin,seffin,synclotin,toricelocin" 4 "g" "NA"
"MAN" 456255 "Cefamandole" "Cephalosporins (2nd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams" "J01DC03,QJ01DC03" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Second-generation cephalosporins" "cefama,cfam,cfmn" "cefadole,cefamandol,cefamandolum,cephadole,kefamandol,kefdole,mancef" 6 "g" "18876-3,3441-3,41669-3,55634-0,55635-7,55636-5,55637-3,67-9,68-7,69-5,70-3"
"HAP" 30699 "Cefapirin" "Cephalosporins (1st gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams" "J01DB08,QG51AA05,QJ01DB08,QJ51DB08" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "First-generation cephalosporins" "cephap" "ambrocef,brisfirina,brisporin,bristocef,cefadyl,cefalak,cefaloject,cefapirina,cefapirine,cefapirinsalt,cefapirinum,cefaprin,cefatrex,cefatrexyl,cephapirin,cephapirine,cephapirinsalt,cephatrexil,cephatrexyl,metricure" 4 "g" "NA"
"CTZ" 6410758 "Cefatrizine" "Cephalosporins (1st gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams" "J01DB07,QJ01DB07" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "First-generation cephalosporins" "cefatr" "bricef,cefathiamidine,cefatrix,cefatrizino,cefatrizinum,cephatriazine,cepticol,cetrazil,latocef,orosporina,orotric,seapuron,trizina" 1 "g" "18877-1,55639-9,71-1,72-9,73-7,74-5"
"CZD" 71736 "Cefazedone" "Cephalosporins (1st gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams" "J01DB06,QJ01DB06" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "First-generation cephalosporins" "cefaze" "cefazedon,cefazedona,cefazedonesalt,cefazedonum,refosporen,refosporene,refosporin,refosporinsalt" 3 "g" "NA"
"CZO" 33255 "Cefazolin" "Cephalosporins (1st gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams" "J01DB04,QJ01DB04,QJ51DB04" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "First-generation cephalosporins" "cefazo,cfz,cfzl,cz,czol,faz,kz" "ancef,atirin,biazolina,cefabiozim,cefacidal,cefalomicina,cefamedin,cefamezin,cefazil,cefazina,cefazolina,cefazoline,cefazolinsalt,cefazolinum,cephamezine,cephazolidin,cephazolin,cephazoline,elzogram,firmacef,gramaxin,kefzol,lampocef,liviclina,neofazol,oprea,recef,totacef,zolicef,zolisint" 3 "g" "16566-2,18878-9,25235-3,3442-1,3443-9,41670-1,75-2,76-0,77-8,78-6,80962-4,85422-4"
"CFB" 127527 "Cefbuperazone" "Other" "J01DC13,QJ01DC13" "cefbup" "cefbuperazona,cefbuperazonesalt,cefbuperazonum,cefbuperzaone,cerbuperazone,keiperazon,tomiporan" 2 "g" "NA"
"CCP" 6436055 "Cefcapene" "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams" "J01DD17,QJ01DD17" "cefcap" "flomox" 0.45 "g" "100044-7,76143-7"
"CCX" 5282438 "Cefcapene pivoxil" "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams" "NA" "NA" "cefcamate,flumax" "NA"
"CDR" 6915944 "Cefdinir" "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams" "J01DD15,QJ01DD15" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Third-generation cephalosporins" "cd,cdn,cdr,cefdin,cfd,din" "cefdinirum,cefdinyl,cefdirnir,ceftinex,cefzon,omnicef" 0.6 "g" "23636-4,23637-2,35757-4,35758-2"
"DIT" 9870843 "Cefditoren" "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams" "J01DD16,QJ01DD16" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Third-generation cephalosporins" "cdn,cefdit" "cefditoreno,spectracef" 0.4 "g" "35759-0,35760-8,35761-6,35762-4"
"DIX" 6437877 "Cefditoren pivoxil" "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams" "NA" "NA" "cefditorin,meiact,pivaloyloxymethyl" "NA"
"FEP" 5479537 "Cefepime" "Cephalosporins (4th gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams" "J01DE01,QJ01DE01" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Fourth-generation cephalosporins" "cefep4,cefepi,cfep,cfpi,cpe,cpm,fep,pm,xpm" "anticefepime,axepim,cefepima,cefepimum,maxipime,pyrrolidinium,renapime" 4 "g" "101502-3,18879-7,31142-3,31143-1,35763-2,38363-8,42350-9,42351-7,42353-3,50631-1,58412-8,6643-1,6644-9,6645-7,6646-5,6987-2,8272-7,8273-5"
"CFA" "Cefepime/amikacin" "Cephalosporins (4th gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams" "J01DE51,QJ01DE51" "Combinations of antibacterials" "Combinations of antibacterials" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"CPC" 9567559 "Cefepime/clavulanic acid" "Cephalosporins (4th gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams" "J01DE51,QJ01DE51" "cefcla,cicl,xpml" "NA" "NA"
"FPE" 23653540 "Cefepime/enmetazobactam" "Cephalosporins (4th gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams,Beta-lactamase inhibitors" "J01DE51,QJ01DE51" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"FNC" "Cefepime/nacubactam" "Cephalosporins (4th gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams,Beta-lactamase inhibitors" "J01DE51,QJ01DE51" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"FTA" "Cefepime/taniborbactam" "Cephalosporins (4th gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams,Beta-lactamase inhibitors" "J01DE51,QJ01DE51" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"FPT" 9567558 "Cefepime/tazobactam" "Cephalosporins (4th gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams,Beta-lactamase inhibitors" "J01DE51,QJ01DE51" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"FPZ" "Cefepime/zidebactam" "Cephalosporins (4th gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams,Beta-lactamase inhibitors" "J01DE51,QJ01DE51" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"CAT" 5487888 "Cefetamet" "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams" "J01DD10,QJ01DD10" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Third-generation cephalosporins" "cefeta,cefmtm" "cefetametum,deacetoxycefotaxime,epocelin" 1 "g" "32377-4,35764-0,35765-7,55640-7"
"CPI" 5486182 "Cefetamet pivoxil" "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams" "NA" "NA" "cefetametpivoxil,cefyl,globocef" "NA"
"CCL" 71719688 "Cefetecol" "Cephalosporins (4th gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams" "NA" "cefcatacol" "NA" "NA"
"CZL" 193956 "Cefetrizole" "Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams" "NA" "NA" "cefetrizolum" "NA"
"FDC" 77843966 "Cefiderocol" "Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams" "J01DI04,QJ01DI04" "NA" "fetcroja" 6 "g" "95767-0,99280-0,99503-5"
"CFM" 5362065 "Cefixime" "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams" "J01DD08,QJ01DD08" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Third-generation cephalosporins" "cefixi,cfe,cfix,cfxm,dcfm,fix,ix" "cefixim,cefixima,cefiximum,cefixoral,cefspan,cephoral,citropen,denvar,necopen,oraken,oroken,suprax,tricef,unixime" 0.4 "g" "16567-0,18880-5,25236-1,35766-5,79-4,80-2,81-0,82-8"
"CEO" "Cefixime/ornidazole" "Other" "J01DD58,QJ01DD58" "Combinations of antibacterials" "Combinations of antibacterials" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"CMX" 9570757 "Cefmenoxime" "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams" "J01DD05,QJ01DD05,QS01AA31,QS02AA18,S01AA31,S02AA18" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Third-generation cephalosporins" "cefmen" "bestron,cefmenoxima,cefmenoximum,tacef" 2 "g" "32375-8,54174-8,54203-5,55641-5"
"CMZ" 42008 "Cefmetazole" "Cephalosporins (2nd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams" "J01DC09,QJ01DC09" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Second-generation cephalosporins" "cefmet" "cefmetazol,cefmetazolo,cefmetazolum,cefmetazon,metafar,zefazone" 4 "g" "11575-8,18881-3,25222-1,87-7,88-5,89-3,90-1"
"CNX" 71141 "Cefminox" "Other" "J01DC12,QJ01DC12" "cefmin" "alteporina,cefminoxhydrate,cefminoxum,meicelin,tencef" 4 "g" "54908-9"
"DIZ" 5361871 "Cefodizime" "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams" "J01DD09,QJ01DD09" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Third-generation cephalosporins" "NA" "cefodizima,cefodizimum,cefodizme,diezime,kenicef,modivid,neucef,timecef" 2 "g" "18882-1,6988-0,91-9,92-7,93-5,94-3"
"CID" 43594 "Cefonicid" "Cephalosporins (2nd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams" "J01DC06,QJ01DC06" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Second-generation cephalosporins" "cefoni" "cefonicide,cefonicido,cefonicidsalt,cefonicidum,monocef,monocid" 1 "g" "18883-9,25237-9,3444-7,55642-3,95-0,96-8,97-6,98-4"
"CFP" 44187 "Cefoperazone" "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams" "J01DD12,QJ01DD12,QJ51DD12" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Third-generation cephalosporins" "cefope,cfp,cfpz,cp,cpz,fop,per" "bioperazone,cefob,cefobid,cefobis,cefoneg,cefoper,cefoperazin,cefoperazine,cefoperazon,cefoperazona,cefoperazonesalt,cefoperazono,cefoperazonum,cefozon,medocef,myticef,pathozone,peracef,tomabef" 4 "g" "100-8,101-6,102-4,18884-7,3445-4,35767-3,35768-1,54166-4,54167-2,54168-0,99-2"
"CSL" "Cefoperazone/sulbactam" "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams,Beta-lactamase inhibitors" "J01DD62,QJ01DD62" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Third-generation cephalosporins" "fopsul" "NA" 4 "g" "35768-1,54166-4,54167-2,54168-0"
"CND" 43507 "Ceforanide" "Cephalosporins (2nd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams" "J01DC11,QJ01DC11" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Second-generation cephalosporins" "cefora" "ceforanido,ceforanidum,precef" 4 "g" "103-2,104-0,105-7,106-5,18885-4,55643-1"
"CSE" 9830519 "Cefoselis" "Cephalosporins (4th gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams" "NA" "cefose" "winsef" "NA"
"CTX" 5742673 "Cefotaxime" "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams" "J01DD01,QJ01DD01" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Third-generation cephalosporins" "cefo32,cefota,cfot,cft,cftx,ct,ctx,fot,fot1,tax,taxmen,taxnme,xct" "anticefotaxime,cefotax,cefotaxim,cefotaxima,cefotaximesalt,cefotaximsalt,cefotaximum,cephotaxim,cephotaxime,claforan,kefotex,omnatax,pretor,ralopar,tolycar,tolycor,zariviz" 4 "g" "101479-4,101480-2,107-3,108-1,109-9,110-7,18886-2,25238-7,31138-1,31139-9,3446-2,35769-9,35770-7,35771-5,41671-9,50632-9,52128-6,54191-2,54192-0,54193-8,55189-5,55644-9,6989-8,80961-6"
"CTX-S" "Cefotaxime screening test" "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams" "NA" "ctx screen" "NA" "NA"
"CTC" 9575353 "Cefotaxime/clavulanic acid" "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams" "J01DD51,QJ01DD51" "cxcl,taxcla,xctl" "NA" "NA"
"CTS" 9574753 "Cefotaxime/sulbactam" "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams,Beta-lactamase inhibitors" "J01DD51,QJ01DD51" "NA" "NA" "54191-2,54192-0,54193-8,55644-9"
"CTT" 53025 "Cefotetan" "Cephalosporins (2nd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams" "J01DC05,QJ01DC05" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Second-generation cephalosporins" "cefote,cftt,cn,cte,ctn,ctt,tans" "apacef,apatef,cefotetanum" 4 "g" "111-5,112-3,113-1,114-9,18887-0,25239-5,3447-0,41672-7,41673-5,41674-3,41729-5,6990-6"
"CTF" 43708 "Cefotiam" "Cephalosporins (2nd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams" "J01DC07,QJ01DC07" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Second-generation cephalosporins" "cefoti" "aspil,cefotiamum,ceradon,halospor,pansporin,pansporine,spizef" 1.2 "g" 4 "g" "32374-1,35772-3,35773-1,55645-6,55737-1,55738-9,55739-7,55740-5"
"CHE" 125846 "Cefotiam hexetil" "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams" "NA" "NA" "taketiam,texodil" "55737-1,55738-9,55739-7,55740-5"
"FOV" 9578573 "Cefovecin" "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams" "QJ01DD91" "cefove" "cefovecinsalt,convenia" "76147-8,87792-8"
"FOX" 441199 "Cefoxitin" "Cephalosporins (2nd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams" "J01DC01,QJ01DC01" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Second-generation cephalosporins" "cefoxi,cfox,cfx,cfxt,cx,fox,fx" "betacef,cefoxil,cefoxitina,cefoxitine,cefoxitinsalt,cefoxitinum,cefoxotin,cenomycin,farmoxin,mefoxin,mefoxithin,mefoxitin,merxin,rephoxitin" 6 "g" "101492-7,115-6,116-4,117-2,118-0,18888-8,25220-5,25240-3,25366-6,3448-8,41675-0,41676-8,41677-6,41730-3,6991-4"
"FOX-S" "Cefoxitin screening test" "Cephalosporins (2nd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams" "NA" "cfsc,fox1" "NA" "NA"
"ZOP" 9571080 "Cefozopran" "Cephalosporins (4th gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams" "J01DE03,QJ01DE03" "cefozo" "firstcin,imidazo" 4 "g" "100045-4,53820-7"
"CFZ" 68597 "Cefpimizole" "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams" "NA" "cefpim" "ajicef,cefpimizol,cefpimizolesalt,cefpimizolum,renilan" "NA"
"CPM" 636405 "Cefpiramide" "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams" "J01DD11,QJ01DD11" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Third-generation cephalosporins" "cefpam" "cefpiramida,cefpiramidesalt,cefpiramido,cefpiramidum,sepatren,suncefal" 2 "g" "NA"
"CPO" 5479539 "Cefpirome" "Cephalosporins (4th gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams" "J01DE02,QJ01DE02" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Fourth-generation cephalosporins" "cefpom,cfpr" "broact,cefir,cefpiroma,cefpiromum,cefrom,keiten,romecef" 4 "g" "18889-6,6647-3,6648-1,6649-9,6650-6,6992-2,8274-3,8275-0,8276-8"
"CPD" 6335986 "Cefpodoxime" "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams" "J01DD13,QJ01DD13" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Third-generation cephalosporins" "cefpod,cfpd,cfpo,cpd,pod,pod4,px" "cefpodoxima,cefpodoximum,epoxim" 0.4 "g" "119-8,120-6,121-4,122-2,18890-4,25241-1,41678-4,41679-2,41680-0,41731-1,6993-0,90849-1"
"CPX" 6526396 "Cefpodoxime proxetil" "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams" "NA" "NA" "banan,cefodox,cefoprox,cefpoderm,cefpodoximproxetil,cepodem,doxef,orelox,otreon,podomexef,simplicef,vantin" "NA"
"CDC" "Cefpodoxime/clavulanic acid" "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams" "J01DD64,QJ01DD64" "cecl,podcla" "NA" 0.4 "g" "NA"
"CPR" 5281006 "Cefprozil" "Cephalosporins (2nd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams" "J01DC10,QJ01DC10" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Second-generation cephalosporins" "cefpro,cpr,cpz,fp" "arzimol,brisoral,cefprozilo,cefprozilum,cronocef,procef,serozil" 1 "g" "123-0,124-8,125-5,126-3,18891-2,6994-8"
"CEQ" 5464355 "Cefquinome" "Cephalosporins (4th gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams" "QG51AA07,QJ01DE90,QJ51DE90" "cefqui" "cefquinoma,cefquinomum,cobactan,quinolinium" "100046-2,76150-2"
"CRD" 5284529 "Cefroxadine" "Cephalosporins (1st gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams" "J01DB11,QJ01DB11" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "First-generation cephalosporins" "ceftix" "cefroxadin,cefroxadino,cefroxadinum,oraspor" 2.1 "g" "NA"
"CFS" 656575 "Cefsulodin" "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams" "J01DD03,QJ01DD03" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Third-generation cephalosporins" "cefsul,cfsl,cfsu" "cefomonil,cefonomil,cefsulodine,cefsulodinhydrate,cefsulodino,cefsulodinum,pseudocef,pseudomonil,pyocefal,sulcephalosporin,takesulin,tilmapor,ulfaret" 4 "g" "127-1,128-9,129-7,130-5,131-3,18892-0,25242-9,55647-2"
"CSU" 68718 "Cefsumide" "Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams" "NA" "NA" "cefsulmid,cefsumido,cefsumidum" "NA"
"CPT" 56841980 "Ceftaroline" "Cephalosporins (5th gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams" "J01DI02,QJ01DI02" "ceftar,cfro" "ceftaroine,teflaro,zinforo" "73604-1,73605-8,73626-4,73627-2,73649-6,73650-4,74170-2"
"CPA" "Ceftaroline/avibactam" "Cephalosporins (5th gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams,Beta-lactamase inhibitors" "NA" "NA" "NA" "73604-1,73626-4,73649-6"
"CAZ" 5481173 "Ceftazidime" "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams" "J01DD02,QJ01DD02" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Third-generation cephalosporins" "caz,cef,cefta,ceftaz,cfta,cftz,taz,tz,xtz" "ceftazimide,ceptaz,fortam,fortaz,fortum,glazidim,kefazim,modacin,pentacef,tazicef,tizime" 4 "g" "101481-0,101482-8,101483-6,132-1,133-9,134-7,135-4,18893-8,21151-6,3449-6,35774-9,35775-6,35776-4,42352-5,55648-0,55649-8,55650-6,55651-4,58705-5,6995-5,73603-3,73625-6,73648-8,80960-8,87734-0,90850-9"
"CZA" 90643431 "Ceftazidime/avibactam" "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams,Beta-lactamase inhibitors" "J01DD52,QJ01DD52" "cfav" "avycaz,zavicefta" 6 "g" "101483-6,73603-3,73625-6,73648-8,87734-0"
"CCV" 9575352 "Ceftazidime/clavulanic acid" "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams" "J01DD52,QJ01DD52" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Third-generation cephalosporins" "czcl,tazcla,xtzl" "NA" 6 "g" "NA"
"CEM" 6537431 "Cefteram" "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams" "J01DD18,QJ01DD18" "cefter" "cefterame,cefteramum,ceftetrame" 0.4 "g" "100047-0,76144-5"
"CPL" 5362114 "Cefteram pivoxil" "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams" "NA" "NA" "cefterampivoxil,tomiron" "NA"
"CTL" 65755 "Ceftezole" "Cephalosporins (1st gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams" "J01DB12,QJ01DB12" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "First-generation cephalosporins" "ceftez" "alomen,ceftezol,ceftezolesalt,ceftezolo,ceftezolum,celoslin,demethylcefazolin,falomesin" 3 "g" "NA"
"CTB" 5282242 "Ceftibuten" "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams" "J01DD14,QJ01DD14" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Third-generation cephalosporins" "cb,ceftib,cfbu,ctb,tib" "cedax,ceftem,ceftibutene,ceftibuteno,ceftibutenum,ceftibutin,ceprifran,isocef,keimax,seftem" 0.4 "g" "35777-2,35778-0,35779-8,6996-3"
"TIO" 6328657 "Ceftiofur" "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams" "QJ01DD90,QJ51DD90" "ceftif" "ceftiofurum,excenel,naxcel" "23709-9,35780-6,35781-4,55652-2"
"CZX" 6533629 "Ceftizoxime" "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams" "J01DD07,QJ01DD07" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Third-generation cephalosporins" "ceftiz,cfzx,ctz,cz,czx,tiz,zox" "cefizox,ceftix,ceftizoxima,ceftizoximesalt,ceftizoximum,eposerin" 4 "g" "136-2,137-0,138-8,139-6,18894-6,20378-6,23622-4,25243-7,3450-4,6997-1"
"CZP" 9578661 "Ceftizoxime alapivoxil" "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams" "NA" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"BPR" 135413542 "Ceftobiprole" "Cephalosporins (5th gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams" "NA" "ceftob" "NA" "43269-0,43270-8,43271-6,43272-4,85052-9"
"CFM1" 135413544 "Ceftobiprole medocaril" "Cephalosporins (5th gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams" "J01DI01,QJ01DI01" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Other cephalosporins and penems" "NA" "zevtera" 1.5 "g" "NA"
"CZT" 86291594 "Ceftolozane/tazobactam" "Cephalosporins (5th gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams,Beta-lactamase inhibitors" "J01DI54,QJ01DI54" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Other cephalosporins and penems" "cei" "zerbaxa" 3 "g" "101484-4,73602-5,73624-9,73647-0,87735-7"
"CRO" 5479530 "Ceftriaxone" "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams" "J01DD04,QJ01DD04" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Third-generation cephalosporins" "axo,cax,ceftri,cftr,cro,ctr,frx,trimen,trinme,tx" "biotrakson,ceftriaxon,ceftriaxona,ceftriaxonum,ceftriazone,rocefin,rocephalin,rocephin,rocephine,rophex" 2 "g" "101485-1,140-4,141-2,142-0,143-8,18895-3,25244-5,25367-4,31140-7,31141-5,3451-2,41681-8,41682-6,41683-4,41732-9,50633-7,55190-3,6998-9,80957-4"
"CEB" "Ceftriaxone/beta-lactamase inhibitor" "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams" "J01DD63,QJ01DD63" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Third-generation cephalosporins" "NA" "NA" 2 "g" "NA"
"CXM" 5479529 "Cefuroxime" "Cephalosporins (2nd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams" "J01DC02,QJ01DC02,QJ51DC02,QS01AA27,S01AA27" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Second-generation cephalosporins" "cefaxe,cefrox,cefuro,cfrx,cfur,cfx,crm,cxm,fur,rox,xm" "anaptivan,biociclin,biofuroksym,bioxima,cefofix,cefumax,cefurex,cefuril,cefurox,cefuroxim,cefuroxima,cefuroximesalt,cefuroximine,cefuroximo,cefuroximum,cephuroxime,cetroxil,colifossim,curoxim,curoxima,curoxime,froxal,furoxil,kefurox,kesint,ketocef,lifurox,medoxim,sharox,spectrazolr,ultroxim,zinacef,zinnat" 0.5 "g" 3 "g" "101503-1,144-6,145-3,146-1,147-9,18896-1,20460-2,25245-2,3452-0,35782-2,35783-0,51724-3,51774-8,55653-0,55654-8,6999-7,74699-0,80608-3,80617-4"
"CXA" 6321416 "Cefuroxime axetil" "Cephalosporins (2nd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams" "NA" "cfax" "bioracef,ceftin,cefurax,cefuroximaxetil,celocid,cepazine,cethixim,cetoxil,coliofossim,curocef,elobact,kalcef,maxitil,medoxm,nivador,novador,novocef,oraxim,zinat,zoref" "NA"
"CFM2" "Cefuroxime/metronidazole" "Other" "J01DC52,QJ01DC52" "Combinations of antibacterials" "Combinations of antibacterials" "NA" "NA" 0.5 "g" "NA"
"ZON" 6336505 "Cefuzonam" "Other" "NA" "cefuzo" "cefuzoname,cefuzonamum,cefzoname,cosmosin" "NA"
"CED" 38103 "Cephradine" "Cephalosporins (1st gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams" "NA" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "First-generation cephalosporins" "cephra,cfra,cfrd" "anspor,cefradin,cefradina,cefradine,cefradinum,cekodin,cephradin,ecosporina,eskacef,infexin,megacef,sefril,velocef,velosef" "168-5,169-3,170-1,171-9,18902-7,55646-4"
"CTO" 71402 "Cetocycline" "Tetracyclines" "NA" "NA" "cetocyline,cetotetrine,chelocardin" "NA"
"CHL" 5959 "Chloramphenicol" "Phenicols" "D06AX02,D10AF03,G01AA05,J01BA01,QD06AX02,QD10AF03,QG01AA05,QJ01BA01,QJ51BA01,QS01AA01,QS02AA01,QS03AA08,S01AA01,S02AA01,S03AA08" "Amphenicols" "Amphenicols" "c,chl,chlo,chlora,cl" "alficetyn,ambofen,amphicol,amseclor,anacetin,aquamycetin,austracil,austracol,biocetin,biophenicol,catilan,chemicetin,chemicetina,chlomin,chlomycol,chloramex,chloramfenikol,chloramficin,chloramfilin,chloramphenicole,chloramphenicolum,chloramsaar,chlorasol,chlorbiotic,chloricol,chlornitromycin,chloroamphenicol,chlorocaps,chlorocid,chlorocide,chlorocin,chlorocol,chlorofair,chloromax,chloromycetin,chloromycetny,chloromyxin,chloronitrin,chloroptic,chlorovules,cidocetine,ciplamycetin,cloramfen,cloramfenicol,cloramfenicolo,cloramficin,cloramicol,cloramidina,cloranfenicol,cloroamfenicolo,clorocyn,cloromisan,clorosintex,comycetin,cylphenicol,desphen,detreomycin,detreomycine,dextramycin,dextromycetin,doctamicina,econochlor,embacetin,emetren,enteromycetin,erbaplast,ertilen,farmicetina,globenicol,glorous,gloveticol,halcetin,halomycetin,hortfenicol,intramycetin,isicetin,ismicetina,isophenicol,juvamycetin,kamaver,kemicetina,kemicetine,kloramfenikol,klorita,laevomycetinum,leukamycin,leukomyan,leukomycin,levocin,levomicetina,levomitsetin,levomycetin,levoplast,levosin,levovetin,loromisan,loromisin,mastiphen,maybridge,mediamycetine,medichol,micloretin,micochlorine,micoclorina,microcetina,mychel,mycinol,myclocin,mycochlorin,novochlorocap,novomycetin,novophenicol,ocuphenicol,oftalent,oleomycetin,opclor,opelor,ophthochlor,ophthocort,ophtochlor,optomycin,otachron,otophen,pantovernil,paraxin,pentamycetin,petnamycetin,quemicetina,rivomycin,romphenil,ronphenil,septicol,sificetina,sintomicetin,sintomicetina,soluthor,stanomycetin,synthomycetin,synthomycetine,synthomycine,syntomycin,tevcocin,tevcosin,tifomycin,tifomycine,tiromycetin,treomicetina,tyfomycine,unimycetin,veticol,viceton" 3 "g" 3 "g" "15101-9,16603-3,16604-1,172-7,173-5,174-3,175-0,18903-5,25247-8,29214-4,29346-4,29347-2,3455-3,7001-1"
"CTE" 54675777 "Chlortetracycline" "Tetracyclines" "A01AB21,D06AA02,J01AA03,QA01AB21,QD06AA02,QG51AA08,QJ01AA03,QJ51AA03,QS01AA02,S01AA02" "Tetracyclines" "Tetracyclines" "chltet" "acronize,alexomycin,aueromycin,aureocarmyl,aureociclina,aureocina,aureocycline,aureomycin,aureomykoin,aurofac,auxeomycin,biomitsin,biomycin,chlormax,chlorotetracycline,chlortetracyclinum,chrysomykine,clorocipan,clortetraciclina,clortetrin,declomycin,declostatin,deganol,demeclor,demeplus,demetraciclina,demetraclin,detracin,detravis,diuciclin,duomycin,elkamicina,flamycin,isphamycin,ledermicina,ledermycin,ledermycine,mexocine,novotriclina,pennchlor,perciclina,periciclina,sumaclina,uromycin,veraciclina" 1 "g" "176-8,177-6,178-4,179-2,18904-3,55655-5,87600-3"
"CIC" 19003 "Ciclacillin" "Beta-lactams/penicillins" "NA" "cyclac" "bastcillin,calthor,ciclacilina,ciclacilline,ciclacillinum,ciclacillum,citosarin,cyclacillin,cyclapen,noblicil,orfilina,peamezin,syngacillin,ultracillin,vastcillin,vipicil,wyvital" "NA"
"CIX" 47472 "Ciclopirox" "Antifungals/antimycotics" "D01AE14,G01AX12,QD01AE14,QG01AX12" "Antifungals for topical use" "Other antifungals for topical use" "cipx" "NA" "NA"
"CIC" 19003 "Ciclacillin" "Penicillins,Beta-lactams" "NA" "cyclac" "bastcillin,calthor,ciclacilina,ciclacilline,ciclacillinum,ciclacillum,citosarin,cyclacillin,cyclapen,noblicil,orfilina,peamezin,syngacillin,ultracillin,vastcillin,vipicil,wyvital" "NA"
"CIX" 47472 "Ciclopirox" "Antifungals" "D01AE14,G01AX12,QD01AE14,QG01AX12" "Antifungals for topical use" "Other antifungals for topical use" "cipx" "NA" "NA"
"CIN" 2762 "Cinoxacin" "Quinolones" "J01MB06,QJ01MB06" "Quinolone antibacterials" "Other quinolones" "cino,cinoxa,cnox" "cinobac,cinobactin,cinoxacine,cinoxacino,cinoxacinum,clinoxacin,noxigram,uronorm" 1 "g" "180-0,181-8,182-6,183-4,18905-0,55656-3"
"CIP" 2764 "Ciprofloxacin" "Fluoroquinolones" "J01MA02,QJ01MA02,QS01AE03,QS02AA15,QS03AA07,S01AE03,S02AA15,S03AA07" "Quinolone antibacterials" "Fluoroquinolones" "ci,cip,cipr,ciprof,cp" "alcipro,bacquinor,baflox,belmacina,bernoflox,catex,cenin,ceprimax,cetraxal,ciflan,ciflosin,cifloxin,cilab,cilox,ciloxan,cipad,ciplus,ciprecu,ciprenit,ciprine,ciprinol,cipro,ciprobay,ciprocinal,ciprocinol,ciprodar,ciproflox,ciprofloxacina,ciprofloxacine,ciprofloxacino,ciprofloxacinum,ciprofur,ciprogis,ciproktan,ciprolin,ciprolon,cipromycin,cipronex,ciprooxacin,cipropol,ciproquinol,ciprowin,ciproxan,ciproxin,ciproxina,ciproxine,ciriax,citeral,citopcin,cixan,corsacin,cunesin,cycin,cyprobay,cyproxan,disfabac,felixene,fimoflox,flociprin,floxacipron,flunas,globuce,inkamil,ipiflox,italnik,keefloxin,linhaliq,loxacid,loxan,lypro,megaflox,microgan,nixin,novidat,novoquin,ofitin,oftacilox,ophaflox,otiprio,phaproxin,piprol,plenolyt,probiox,proflaxin,proksi,proquin,proxacin,quinoflox,quinolid,quintor,quipro,rancif,renator,roflazin,roxytal,sepcen,septicide,septocipro,siprogut,sophixin,spitacin,strox,suiflox,superocin,supraflox,uritent,utiminx,velmonit,zumaflox" 1 "g" 0.8 "g" "101500-7,14031-9,14032-7,14058-2,14059-0,184-2,185-9,186-7,187-5,18906-8,20377-8,23621-6,25180-1,25181-9,25188-4,25189-2,25248-6,34636-1,3484-3,42644-5,55194-5,7002-9"
"CIM" "Ciprofloxacin/metronidazole" "Fluoroquinolones" "J01RA10,QJ01RA10" "Combinations of antibacterials" "Combinations of antibacterials" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"CIO" "Ciprofloxacin/ornidazole" "Fluoroquinolones" "J01RA12,QJ01RA12" "Combinations of antibacterials" "Combinations of antibacterials" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"CIT" "Ciprofloxacin/tinidazole" "Fluoroquinolones" "J01RA11,QJ01RA11" "Combinations of antibacterials" "Combinations of antibacterials" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"CLR" 84029 "Clarithromycin" "Macrolides/lincosamides" "J01FA09,QJ01FA09" "Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins" "Macrolides" "ch,cla,clar,claryt,clm,clr" "abbotic,abboticine,astromen,biaxin,bicrolid,bristamycin,clacee,clacid,clacine,clambiotic,clarem,claribid,claricide,claridar,claripen,clarith,clarithromycine,clarithromycinum,claritromicina,clarosip,clathromycin,crixan,cyllid,cyllind,eratrex,esinol,fromilid,gallimycin,helas,heliclar,klabax,klacid,klaciped,klaricid,klarid,klarin,kofron,mabicrol,macladin,maclar,mavid,meberyt,pediamycin,qidmycin,veclam,wyamycin,zeclar" 0.5 "g" 1 "g" "100048-8,16619-9,16620-7,188-3,189-1,18907-6,190-9,191-7,20375-2,23619-0,25190-0,25191-8,25192-6,25253-6,34638-7,43987-7,43990-1,43991-9,7003-7,80559-8,89485-7"
"CLA1" 5280980 "Clavulanic acid" "Other antibacterials" "NA" "NA" "amonate,clavulanate,clavulanateacid,clavulansaeure,clavulansaure,clavulox,serdaxin" "NA"
"CLX" 60063 "Clinafloxacin" "Fluoroquinolones" "NA" "clinaf" "NA" "32376-6,33284-1,35785-5,35786-3,7004-5"
"CLI" 446598 "Clindamycin" "Macrolides/lincosamides" "D10AF01,G01AA10,J01FF01,QD10AF01,QG01AA10,QJ01FF01" "Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins" "Lincosamides" "cc,cd,cli,clin,clin32,clinda,cm,da" "antirobe,chlolincocin,chlorlincocin,cleocin,clindamicina,clindamycine,clindamycinum,clinimycin,clinsol,clintabs,dalacine,klimicin,klindan,sobelin" 1.2 "g" 1.8 "g" "16621-5,16622-3,18908-4,192-5,193-3,194-1,195-8,25249-4,3486-8,42720-3,55657-1,55658-9,55659-7,55660-5,61188-9,7005-2"
"CLI-S" "Clindamycin inducible screening test" "Macrolides/lincosamides" "NA" "clin inducible,clinda inducible,clindamycin inducible" "NA" "NA"
"CIP" 2764 "Ciprofloxacin" "Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones" "J01MA02,QJ01MA02,QS01AE03,QS02AA15,QS03AA07,S01AE03,S02AA15,S03AA07" "Quinolone antibacterials" "Fluoroquinolones" "ci,cip,cipr,ciprof,cp" "alcipro,bacquinor,baflox,belmacina,bernoflox,catex,cenin,ceprimax,cetraxal,ciflan,ciflosin,cifloxin,cilab,cilox,ciloxan,cipad,ciplus,ciprecu,ciprenit,ciprine,ciprinol,cipro,ciprobay,ciprocinal,ciprocinol,ciprodar,ciproflox,ciprofloxacina,ciprofloxacine,ciprofloxacino,ciprofloxacinum,ciprofur,ciprogis,ciproktan,ciprolin,ciprolon,cipromycin,cipronex,ciprooxacin,cipropol,ciproquinol,ciprowin,ciproxan,ciproxin,ciproxina,ciproxine,ciriax,citeral,citopcin,cixan,corsacin,cunesin,cycin,cyprobay,cyproxan,disfabac,felixene,fimoflox,flociprin,floxacipron,flunas,globuce,inkamil,ipiflox,italnik,keefloxin,linhaliq,loxacid,loxan,lypro,megaflox,microgan,nixin,novidat,novoquin,ofitin,oftacilox,ophaflox,otiprio,phaproxin,piprol,plenolyt,probiox,proflaxin,proksi,proquin,proxacin,quinoflox,quinolid,quintor,quipro,rancif,renator,roflazin,roxytal,sepcen,septicide,septocipro,siprogut,sophixin,spitacin,strox,suiflox,superocin,supraflox,uritent,utiminx,velmonit,zumaflox" 1 "g" 0.8 "g" "101500-7,14031-9,14032-7,14058-2,14059-0,184-2,185-9,186-7,187-5,18906-8,20377-8,23621-6,25180-1,25181-9,25188-4,25189-2,25248-6,34636-1,3484-3,42644-5,55194-5,7002-9"
"CIM" "Ciprofloxacin/metronidazole" "Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones" "J01RA10,QJ01RA10" "Combinations of antibacterials" "Combinations of antibacterials" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"CIO" "Ciprofloxacin/ornidazole" "Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones" "J01RA12,QJ01RA12" "Combinations of antibacterials" "Combinations of antibacterials" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"CIT" "Ciprofloxacin/tinidazole" "Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones" "J01RA11,QJ01RA11" "Combinations of antibacterials" "Combinations of antibacterials" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"CLR" 84029 "Clarithromycin" "Macrolides" "J01FA09,QJ01FA09" "Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins" "Macrolides" "ch,cla,clar,claryt,clm,clr" "abbotic,abboticine,astromen,biaxin,bicrolid,bristamycin,clacee,clacid,clacine,clambiotic,clarem,claribid,claricide,claridar,claripen,clarith,clarithromycine,clarithromycinum,claritromicina,clarosip,clathromycin,crixan,cyllid,cyllind,eratrex,esinol,fromilid,gallimycin,helas,heliclar,klabax,klacid,klaciped,klaricid,klarid,klarin,kofron,mabicrol,macladin,maclar,mavid,meberyt,pediamycin,qidmycin,veclam,wyamycin,zeclar" 0.5 "g" 1 "g" "100048-8,16619-9,16620-7,188-3,189-1,18907-6,190-9,191-7,20375-2,23619-0,25190-0,25191-8,25192-6,25253-6,34638-7,43987-7,43990-1,43991-9,7003-7,80559-8,89485-7"
"CLA1" 5280980 "Clavulanic acid" "Other" "NA" "NA" "amonate,clavulanate,clavulanateacid,clavulansaeure,clavulansaure,clavulox,serdaxin" "NA"
"CLX" 60063 "Clinafloxacin" "Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones" "NA" "clinaf" "NA" "32376-6,33284-1,35785-5,35786-3,7004-5"
"CLI" 446598 "Clindamycin" "Lincosamides" "D10AF01,G01AA10,J01FF01,QD10AF01,QG01AA10,QJ01FF01" "Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins" "Lincosamides" "cc,cd,cli,clin,clin32,clinda,cm,da" "antirobe,chlolincocin,chlorlincocin,cleocin,clindamicina,clindamycine,clindamycinum,clinimycin,clinsol,clintabs,dalacine,klimicin,klindan,sobelin" 1.2 "g" 1.8 "g" "16621-5,16622-3,18908-4,192-5,193-3,194-1,195-8,25249-4,3486-8,42720-3,55657-1,55658-9,55659-7,55660-5,61188-9,7005-2"
"CLI-S" "Clindamycin inducible screening test" "Lincosamides,Macrolides" "NA" "clin inducible,clinda inducible,clindamycin inducible" "NA" "NA"
"CLF" 2794 "Clofazimine" "Antimycobacterials" "J04BA01,QJ04BA01" "Drugs for treatment of lepra" "Drugs for treatment of lepra" "clof,clofam" "chlofazimine,clofazimina,clofaziminum,colfazimine,lampren,lamprene,phenazine,riminophenazine" 0.1 "g" "16623-1,20376-0,23620-8,23627-3,43986-9,43988-5,43989-3,55661-3,55662-1,96108-6"
"CLF1" 2799 "Clofoctol" "Other antibacterials" "J01XX03,QJ01XX03" "Other antibacterials" "Other antibacterials" "NA" "clofoctolo,clofoctolum,gramplus,octofene,phenol" "NA"
"CLM" 71807 "Clometocillin" "Beta-lactams/penicillins" "J01CE07,QJ01CE07" "Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins" "Beta-lactamase sensitive penicillins" "NA" "chlomethocillin,clometacillin,clomethacillin,clomethocillin,clometocilina,clometocilline,clometocillinsalt,clometocillinum,penicilline,rixapen" 1 "g" "NA"
"CLF1" 2799 "Clofoctol" "Other" "J01XX03,QJ01XX03" "Other antibacterials" "Other antibacterials" "NA" "clofoctolo,clofoctolum,gramplus,octofene,phenol" "NA"
"CLM" 71807 "Clometocillin" "Penicillins,Beta-lactams" "J01CE07,QJ01CE07" "Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins" "Beta-lactamase sensitive penicillins" "NA" "chlomethocillin,clometacillin,clomethacillin,clomethocillin,clometocilina,clometocilline,clometocillinsalt,clometocillinum,penicilline,rixapen" 1 "g" "NA"
"CLM1" 54680675 "Clomocycline" "Tetracyclines" "J01AA11,QJ01AA11" "Tetracyclines" "Tetracyclines" "NA" "clomociclina,clomocyclinum,megaclor" 1 "g" "NA"
"CTR" 2812 "Clotrimazole" "Antifungals/antimycotics" "A01AB18,D01AC01,G01AF02,QA01AB18,QD01AC01,QG01AF02,QJ02AB90" "clot" "alevazol,bisphenyl,canesten,canestene,canestine,canifug,chlotrimazole,clomatin,clotrimaderm,clotrimazol,clotrimazolum,coltrimazole,cutistad,diphenylmethane,empecid,esparol,femmesil,footlogix,fortinia,gynix,imidazole,jidesheng,klotrimazole,lakesia,lombazol,lombazole,lombazolum,lotrimax,lotrimin,monobaycuten,mycelax,mycelex,mycofug,mycosporin,mykosporin,nalbix,otomax,pedesil,pedisafe,ringworm,stiemazol,tibatin,trimysten,trivagizole" "10653-4,10654-2,18909-2,54177-1,55663-9"
"CLO" 6098 "Cloxacillin" "Beta-lactams/penicillins" "J01CF02,QJ01CF02,QJ51CF02,QS01AA90" "Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins" "Beta-lactamase resistant penicillins" "clox,cloxac" "ankerbin,austrastaph,biocloxin,brispen,chloroxacillin,ciclex,clocil,clossacillina,cloxacilina,cloxacillinanhydrous,cloxacilline,cloxacillinsalt,cloxacillinum,cloxapen,constaphyl,dariclox,dichlorstapenor,diclocil,dicloxacillinhydrate,diflor,digloxilline,dynapen,ekvacillin,gelstaph,novapen,noxaben,orbenin,pathocil,stampen,staphybiotic,syntarpen,syntarpensalt,tegopen" 2 "g" 2 "g" "16628-0,18910-0,196-6,197-4,198-2,199-0,25250-2,55664-7"
"CTR" 2812 "Clotrimazole" "Antifungals" "A01AB18,D01AC01,G01AF02,QA01AB18,QD01AC01,QG01AF02,QJ02AB90" "clot" "alevazol,bisphenyl,canesten,canestene,canestine,canifug,chlotrimazole,clomatin,clotrimaderm,clotrimazol,clotrimazolum,coltrimazole,cutistad,diphenylmethane,empecid,esparol,femmesil,footlogix,fortinia,gynix,imidazole,jidesheng,klotrimazole,lakesia,lombazol,lombazole,lombazolum,lotrimax,lotrimin,monobaycuten,mycelax,mycelex,mycofug,mycosporin,mykosporin,nalbix,otomax,pedesil,pedisafe,ringworm,stiemazol,tibatin,trimysten,trivagizole" "10653-4,10654-2,18909-2,54177-1,55663-9"
"CLO" 6098 "Cloxacillin" "Isoxazolylpenicillins,Penicillins,Beta-lactams" "J01CF02,QJ01CF02,QJ51CF02,QS01AA90" "Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins" "Beta-lactamase resistant penicillins" "clox,cloxac" "ankerbin,austrastaph,biocloxin,brispen,chloroxacillin,ciclex,clocil,clossacillina,cloxacilina,cloxacillinanhydrous,cloxacilline,cloxacillinsalt,cloxacillinum,cloxapen,constaphyl,dariclox,dichlorstapenor,diclocil,dicloxacillinhydrate,diflor,digloxilline,dynapen,ekvacillin,gelstaph,novapen,noxaben,orbenin,pathocil,stampen,staphybiotic,syntarpen,syntarpensalt,tegopen" 2 "g" 2 "g" "16628-0,18910-0,196-6,197-4,198-2,199-0,25250-2,55664-7"
"COL" 5311054 "Colistin" "Polymyxins" "A07AA10,J01XB01,QA07AA10,QJ01XB01,QJ51XB01" "Other antibacterials" "Polymyxins" "cl,coli,colist,cs,cst,ct" "colimycin,colisticin,colisticina,colistina,colistine,colistinum,colobreathe,colomycin,kangdisu,kolimitsin,kolimycin,promixin,sogecoli,totazina" 9 "MU" 9 "MU" "16645-4,18912-6,204-8,205-5,206-3,207-1,29493-4,33333-6"
"COP" "Colistin/polysorbate" "Other antibacterials" "NA" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"COP" "Colistin/polysorbate" "Other" "NA" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"CYC" 6234 "Cycloserine" "Oxazolidinones" "J04AB01,QJ04AB01" "Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis" "Antibiotics" "cycl,cyclos" "cicloserina,closina,cyclorin,cycloserin,cycloserinum,farmiserina,levcicloserina,levcycloserine,levcycloserinum,micoserina,miroserina,miroseryn,novoserin,oxamicina,oxamycin,seromycin,tebemicina,wasserina" 0.75 "g" "16702-3,18914-2,212-1,213-9,214-7,215-4,23608-3,25207-2,25208-0,25209-8,25251-0,3519-6,55667-0"
"DAL" 23724878 "Dalbavancin" "Glycopeptides" "J01XA04,QJ01XA04" "Other antibacterials" "Glycopeptide antibacterials" "dalb,dalbav" "dalbavancina,dalvance,xydalba,zeven" 1.5 "g" "41688-3,41689-1,41690-9,41734-5"
"DAN" 71335 "Danofloxacin" "Fluoroquinolones" "QJ01MA92" "danofl" "advocin,danofloxacine,danofloxacino,danofloxacinum" "73601-7,73623-1,73646-2"
"DPS" 2955 "Dapsone" "Other antibacterials" "D10AX05,J04BA02,QD10AX05,QJ04BA02" "Drugs for treatment of lepra" "Drugs for treatment of lepra" "NA" "aczone,atrisone,avlosulfon,avlosulfone,avlosulphone,benzenamide,benzenamine,bissulfone,bissulphone,croysulfone,croysulphone,dapson,dapsona,dapsonum,daspone,diaphenylsulfon,diaphenylsulfone,diaphenylsulphon,diaphenylsulphone,diphenasone,diphone,disulfone,disulone,disulphone,dubronax,dumitone,eporal,medapsol,novophone,servidapson,sulfadione,sulfona,sulfonyldianiline,sulphadione,sulphonyldianiline,tarimyl,udolac,undolac" 50 "mg" "51698-9,9747-7"
"DAP" 16134395 "Daptomycin" "Other antibacterials" "J01XX09,QJ01XX09" "Other antibacterials" "Other antibacterials" "dap,dapt,dapt25,dapt50,daptom" "cidecin,cubicin,dapcin,daptomicina,daptomycine,daptomycinum,deptomycin" 0.28 "g" "35787-1,35788-9,35789-7,41691-7"
"DFX" 487101 "Delafloxacin" "Fluoroquinolones" "J01MA23,QJ01MA23" "NA" "baxdela,delafloxacinum,quofenix" 0.9 "g" 0.6 "g" "88885-9,90447-4,93790-4"
"DAL" 23724878 "Dalbavancin" "Lipoglycopeptides,Glycopeptides" "J01XA04,QJ01XA04" "Other antibacterials" "Glycopeptide antibacterials" "dalb,dalbav" "dalbavancina,dalvance,xydalba,zeven" 1.5 "g" "41688-3,41689-1,41690-9,41734-5"
"DAN" 71335 "Danofloxacin" "Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones" "QJ01MA92" "danofl" "advocin,danofloxacine,danofloxacino,danofloxacinum" "73601-7,73623-1,73646-2"
"DPS" 2955 "Dapsone" "Other" "D10AX05,J04BA02,QD10AX05,QJ04BA02" "Drugs for treatment of lepra" "Drugs for treatment of lepra" "dao" "aczone,atrisone,avlosulfon,avlosulfone,avlosulphone,benzenamide,benzenamine,bissulfone,bissulphone,croysulfone,croysulphone,dapson,dapsona,dapsonum,daspone,diaphenylsulfon,diaphenylsulfone,diaphenylsulphon,diaphenylsulphone,diphenasone,diphone,disulfone,disulone,disulphone,dubronax,dumitone,eporal,medapsol,novophone,servidapson,sulfadione,sulfona,sulfonyldianiline,sulphadione,sulphonyldianiline,tarimyl,udolac,undolac" 50 "mg" "51698-9,9747-7"
"DAP" 16134395 "Daptomycin" "Other" "J01XX09,QJ01XX09" "Other antibacterials" "Other antibacterials" "dap,dapt,dapt25,dapt50,daptom" "cidecin,cubicin,dapcin,daptomicina,daptomycine,daptomycinum,deptomycin" 0.28 "g" "35787-1,35788-9,35789-7,41691-7"
"DFX" 487101 "Delafloxacin" "Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones" "J01MA23,QJ01MA23" "NA" "baxdela,delafloxacinum,quofenix" 0.9 "g" 0.6 "g" "88885-9,90447-4,93790-4"
"DLM" 6480466 "Delamanid" "Antimycobacterials" "J04AK06,QJ04AK06" "Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis" "Other drugs for treatment of tuberculosis" "dela" "deltyba" 0.2 "g" "93851-4,96109-4"
"DEM" 54680690 "Demeclocycline" "Tetracyclines" "D06AA01,J01AA01,QD06AA01,QJ01AA01" "Tetracyclines" "Tetracyclines" "demecy" "demeclociclina,demeclocyclinum" 0.6 "g" "10982-7,18915-9,216-2,217-0,218-8,219-6,29494-2,7006-0"
"DKB" 470999 "Dibekacin" "Aminoglycosides" "J01GB09,QJ01GB09,QS01AA29,S01AA29" "Aminoglycoside antibacterials" "Other aminoglycosides" "dibeka" "debecacin,dibekacina,dibekacine,dibekacinum,kappati,panamicin" 0.14 "g" "55669-6,55670-4,55671-2,55672-0"
"DIC" 18381 "Dicloxacillin" "Beta-lactams/penicillins" "J01CF01,QJ01CF01,QJ51CF01" "Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins" "Beta-lactamase resistant penicillins" "dicl,diclox" "dichloroxacillin,diclossacillina,dicloxaciclin,dicloxacilin,dicloxacilina,dicloxacillina,dicloxacilline,dicloxacillinum,dicloxacycline,maclicine" 2 "g" 2 "g" "10984-3,16769-2,18916-7,220-4,221-2,222-0,223-8,25252-8,32380-8,55668-8"
"DIF" 56206 "Difloxacin" "Fluoroquinolones" "QJ01MA94" "diflox" "dicural,difloxacine,pulsaflox" "35790-5,35791-3,35792-1"
"DIR" 6473883 "Dirithromycin" "Macrolides/lincosamides" "J01FA13,QJ01FA13" "Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins" "Macrolides" "dirith" "dirithromycine,dirithromycinum,diritromicina,divitross,dynabac,noriclan,valodin" 0.5 "g" "35793-9,35794-7,35795-4,7007-8"
"DOR" 73303 "Doripenem" "Carbapenems" "J01DH04,QJ01DH04" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Carbapenems" "dori,doripe" "doribax,dripenem,finibax" 1.5 "g" "56031-8,58711-3,60535-2,72893-1"
"DIC" 18381 "Dicloxacillin" "Isoxazolylpenicillins,Penicillins,Beta-lactams" "J01CF01,QJ01CF01,QJ51CF01" "Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins" "Beta-lactamase resistant penicillins" "dicl,diclox" "dichloroxacillin,diclossacillina,dicloxaciclin,dicloxacilin,dicloxacilina,dicloxacillina,dicloxacilline,dicloxacillinum,dicloxacycline,maclicine" 2 "g" 2 "g" "10984-3,16769-2,18916-7,220-4,221-2,222-0,223-8,25252-8,32380-8,55668-8"
"DIF" 56206 "Difloxacin" "Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones" "QJ01MA94" "diflox" "dicural,difloxacine,pulsaflox" "35790-5,35791-3,35792-1"
"DIR" 6473883 "Dirithromycin" "Macrolides" "J01FA13,QJ01FA13" "Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins" "Macrolides" "dirith" "dirithromycine,dirithromycinum,diritromicina,divitross,dynabac,noriclan,valodin" 0.5 "g" "35793-9,35794-7,35795-4,7007-8"
"DOR" 73303 "Doripenem" "Carbapenems,Beta-lactams" "J01DH04,QJ01DH04" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Carbapenems" "dori,doripe" "doribax,dripenem,finibax" 1.5 "g" "56031-8,58711-3,60535-2,72893-1"
"DOX" 54671203 "Doxycycline" "Tetracyclines" "A01AB22,J01AA02,QA01AB22,QJ01AA02" "Tetracyclines" "Tetracyclines" "dox,doxy,doxycy" "abbocin,alamycin,aquacycline,biosolvomycin,biotet,bisolvomycin,chrysocin,dalimycin,dalinmycin,deoxymykoin,dossiciclina,doxiciclina,doxirobe,doxitard,doxivetin,doxycen,doxychel,doxycin,doxycyclin,doxycyclinum,doxylin,doxysol,doxytetracycline,elinton,engemycin,hydrocyclin,imperacin,intaloxin,investin,jenacyclin,liquachel,liviatin,macodyn,mepatar,microdox,mondoxyne,monodox,morgidox,ocudox,okebo,oracea,otetryn,oxacycline,oxamycen,oxatet,oxlopar,oxybiocycline,oxydon,oxyject,oxymykoin,oxysteclin,oxytet,oxytetral,oxytetrin,oxytracyl,oxyvet,stecsolin,supracyclin,terraject,terramycin,toxinal,unimycin,vendarcin,vibramycin,vibramycine,vivox,zenavod" 0.1 "g" 0.1 "g" "10986-8,18917-5,20379-4,21250-6,224-6,225-3,226-1,227-9,23623-2,25223-9,26902-7,7008-6"
"ECO" 3198 "Econazole" "Antifungals/antimycotics" "D01AC03,G01AF05,QD01AC03,QG01AF05" "Antifungals for topical use" "Imidazole and triazole derivatives" "econ" "bromazil,chloramizol,clinafarm,deccosil,deccozil,econazolum,ecostatin,ekonazole,enilconazol,enilconazole,eniloconazol,fecundal,florasan,freshgard,freshguard,fungaflor,fungazil,imaverol,imaversol,imazalil,magnate,spectazole" "25595-0,25637-0,54178-9,55673-8"
"ECO" 3198 "Econazole" "Antifungals" "D01AC03,G01AF05,QD01AC03,QG01AF05" "Antifungals for topical use" "Imidazole and triazole derivatives" "econ" "bromazil,chloramizol,clinafarm,deccosil,deccozil,econazolum,ecostatin,ekonazole,enilconazol,enilconazole,eniloconazol,fecundal,florasan,freshgard,freshguard,fungaflor,fungazil,imaverol,imaversol,imazalil,magnate,spectazole" "25595-0,25637-0,54178-9,55673-8"
"EFF" "Efflux" "Other" "NA" "effflux pump" "NA" "NA"
"ENX" 3229 "Enoxacin" "Fluoroquinolones" "J01MA04,QJ01MA04" "Quinolone antibacterials" "Fluoroquinolones" "enox,enoxa" "abenox,almitil,bactidan,bactidron,comprecin,enofloxacine,enoksetin,enoram,enoxacina,enoxacine,enoxacino,enoxacinum,enoxen,enoxin,enoxor,flumark,penetrex" 0.8 "g" "16816-1,18918-3,228-7,229-5,230-3,231-1,3590-7,41692-5"
"ENR" 71188 "Enrofloxacin" "Fluoroquinolones" "QJ01MA90" "enrofl" "baytril,enroflox,enrofloxacine,enrofloxacino,enrofloxacinum,enroquin,enrosite,enroxil,quellaxcin,tenotryl,zobuxa" "23712-3,35796-2,35797-0,35798-8"
"ENX" 3229 "Enoxacin" "Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones" "J01MA04,QJ01MA04" "Quinolone antibacterials" "Fluoroquinolones" "enox,enoxa" "abenox,almitil,bactidan,bactidron,comprecin,enofloxacine,enoksetin,enoram,enoxacina,enoxacine,enoxacino,enoxacinum,enoxen,enoxin,enoxor,flumark,penetrex" 0.8 "g" "16816-1,18918-3,228-7,229-5,230-3,231-1,3590-7,41692-5"
"ENR" 71188 "Enrofloxacin" "Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones" "QJ01MA90" "enrofl" "baytril,enroflox,enrofloxacine,enrofloxacino,enrofloxacinum,enroquin,enrosite,enroxil,quellaxcin,tenotryl,zobuxa" "23712-3,35796-2,35797-0,35798-8"
"ENV" 135565326 "Enviomycin" "Antimycobacterials" "J04AB06,QJ04AB06" "tuberactinomycin" "enviomicina,enviomycina,enviomycine,enviomycinum,tuberactin" 1 "g" "NA"
"EPE" "Eperozolid" "Other antibacterials" "NA" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"EPC" 71392 "Epicillin" "Beta-lactams/penicillins" "J01CA07,QJ01CA07" "Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins" "Penicillins with extended spectrum" "NA" "dexacillin,dihydroampicillin,epicilina,epicilline,epicillinum,spectacillin" 2 "g" 2 "g" "NA"
"EPP" 68916 "Epiroprim" "Other antibacterials" "NA" "NA" "epiroprima,epiroprime,epiroprimum" "NA"
"EPE" "Eperozolid" "Other" "NA" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"EPC" 71392 "Epicillin" "Penicillins,Beta-lactams" "J01CA07,QJ01CA07" "Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins" "Penicillins with extended spectrum" "NA" "dexacillin,dihydroampicillin,epicilina,epicilline,epicillinum,spectacillin" 2 "g" 2 "g" "NA"
"EPP" 68916 "Epiroprim" "Other" "NA" "NA" "epiroprima,epiroprime,epiroprimum" "NA"
"ERV" 54726192 "Eravacycline" "Tetracyclines" "J01AA13,QJ01AA13" "Tetracyclines" "Tetracyclines" "erav" "xerava" 0.14 "g" "100049-6,85423-2,93767-2"
"ETP" 150610 "Ertapenem" "Carbapenems" "J01DH03,QJ01DH03" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Carbapenems" "erta,ertape,etp" "ertapenemsalt,invanz" 1 "g" "101486-9,35799-6,35800-2,35801-0,35802-8"
"ERY" 12560 "Erythromycin" "Macrolides/lincosamides" "D10AF02,J01FA01,QD10AF02,QJ01FA01,QJ51FA01,QS01AA17,S01AA17" "Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins" "Macrolides" "e,em,ery,ery32,eryt,eryth" "abboticin,abomacetin,acneryne,acnesol,aknemycin,aknin,benzamycin,derimer,deripil,dotycin,dumotrycin,emgel,emuvin,emycin,endoeritrin,erecin,erisone,eritomicina,eritrocina,eritromicina,ermycin,eryacne,eryacnen,erycen,erycette,erycinum,eryderm,erydermer,erygel,eryhexal,erymax,erymed,erysafe,erytab,erythro,erythroderm,erythrogran,erythroguent,erythromast,erythromid,erythromycine,erythromycinum,erytop,erytrociclin,ilocaps,ilosone,iloticina,ilotycin,inderm,latotryd,lederpax,mephamycin,mercina,oftamolets,pantoderm,pantodrin,pantomicina,pharyngocin,primacine,propiocine,proterytrin,retcin,robimycin,sansac,spotex,staticin,stiemicyn,stiemycin,tiprocin,torlamicina,wemid" 2 "g" 1 "g" "100050-4,11576-6,12298-6,16829-4,16830-2,18919-1,18920-9,20380-2,232-9,233-7,234-5,235-2,236-0,23633-1,237-8,238-6,239-4,25224-7,25275-9,3597-2,7009-4"
"ETH" 14052 "Ethambutol" "Antimycobacterials" "J04AK02,QJ04AK02" "Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis" "Other drugs for treatment of tuberculosis" "etha,ethamb" "aethambutolum,dadibutol,diambutol,etambutol,etambutolo,ethambutolum,myambutol,purderal,servambutol,tibutol" 1.2 "g" 1.2 "g" "100051-2,16841-9,18921-7,20381-0,23625-7,240-2,241-0,242-8,243-6,25187-6,25194-2,25195-9,25230-4,25404-5,3607-9,42645-2,42646-0,55154-9,55674-6,56025-0,7010-2,89491-5"
"ETP" 150610 "Ertapenem" "Carbapenems,Beta-lactams" "J01DH03,QJ01DH03" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Carbapenems" "erta,ertape,etp" "ertapenemsalt,invanz" 1 "g" "101486-9,35799-6,35800-2,35801-0,35802-8"
"ERY" 12560 "Erythromycin" "Macrolides" "D10AF02,J01FA01,QD10AF02,QJ01FA01,QJ51FA01,QS01AA17,S01AA17" "Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins" "Macrolides" "e,em,ery,ery32,eryt,eryth" "abboticin,abomacetin,acneryne,acnesol,aknemycin,aknin,benzamycin,derimer,deripil,dotycin,dumotrycin,emgel,emuvin,emycin,endoeritrin,erecin,erisone,eritomicina,eritrocina,eritromicina,ermycin,eryacne,eryacnen,erycen,erycette,erycinum,eryderm,erydermer,erygel,eryhexal,erymax,erymed,erysafe,erytab,erythro,erythroderm,erythrogran,erythroguent,erythromast,erythromid,erythromycine,erythromycinum,erytop,erytrociclin,ilocaps,ilosone,iloticina,ilotycin,inderm,latotryd,lederpax,mephamycin,mercina,oftamolets,pantoderm,pantodrin,pantomicina,pharyngocin,primacine,propiocine,proterytrin,retcin,robimycin,sansac,spotex,staticin,stiemicyn,stiemycin,tiprocin,torlamicina,wemid" 2 "g" 1 "g" "100050-4,11576-6,12298-6,16829-4,16830-2,18919-1,18920-9,20380-2,232-9,233-7,234-5,235-2,236-0,23633-1,237-8,238-6,239-4,25224-7,25275-9,3597-2,7009-4"
"ETH" 14052 "Ethambutol" "Antimycobacterials" "J04AK02,QJ04AK02" "Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis" "Other drugs for treatment of tuberculosis" "emb,etha,ethamb" "aethambutolum,dadibutol,diambutol,etambutol,etambutolo,ethambutolum,myambutol,purderal,servambutol,tibutol" 1.2 "g" 1.2 "g" "100051-2,16841-9,18921-7,20381-0,23625-7,240-2,241-0,242-8,243-6,25187-6,25194-2,25195-9,25230-4,25404-5,3607-9,42645-2,42646-0,55154-9,55674-6,56025-0,7010-2,89491-5"
"ETI" 456476 "Ethambutol/isoniazid" "Antimycobacterials" "J04AM03,QJ04AM03" "Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis" "Combinations of drugs for treatment of tuberculosis" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"ETI1" 2761171 "Ethionamide" "Antimycobacterials" "J04AD03,QJ04AD03" "Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis" "Thiocarbamide derivatives" "ethi,ethion" "aethionamidum,aetina,aetiva,amidazin,amidazine,atina,ethimide,ethina,ethinamide,ethionamidum,ethioniamide,ethylisothiamide,ethyonomide,etimid,etiocidan,etionamid,etionamida,etionamide,etioniamid,etionid,etionizin,etionizina,etionizine,fatoliamid,iridocin,iridozin,isothin,isotiamida,itiocide,nicotion,nisotin,nizotin,rigenicid,sertinon,teberus,thianid,thianide,thioamide,thiodine,thiomid,thioniden,tianid,tiomid,trecator,trekator,trescatyl,trescazide,tubenamide,tubermin,tuberoid,tuberoson" 0.75 "g" "16099-4,16845-0,18922-5,20382-8,23617-4,25183-5,25196-7,25198-3,25231-2,41693-3,42647-8,42648-6,7011-0,96110-2"
"ETO" 6034 "Ethopabate" "Other antibacterials" "QP51AX17" "NA" "ethopabat" "NA"
"EXE" "Exebacase" "NA" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"FAR" 65894 "Faropenem" "Other antibacterials" "J01DI03,QJ01DI03" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Other cephalosporins and penems" "farope" "farom,faropenemhydrate,faropenemsalt,fropenem,fropenum,furopenem" 0.75 "g" "73600-9,73622-3,73645-4"
"FDX" 10034073 "Fidaxomicin" "Other antibacterials" "A07AA12,QA07AA12" "NA" "dificid,dificlir,difimicin,fidaxomicina,lipiarmicin,lipiarmycin,lipiarrmycin" 0.4 "g" "73599-3,73621-5,73644-7"
"FIN" 11567473 "Finafloxacin" "Fluoroquinolones" "NA" "NA" "xtoro" "73598-5,73620-7,73643-9"
"FLA" 46783781 "Flavomycin" "Other antibacterials" "NA" "flavom" "bambermicina,bambermycine,bambermycinum,flavofosfolipol,flavophospholipol,gainpro,menomycin" "NA"
"FLE" 3357 "Fleroxacin" "Fluoroquinolones" "J01MA08,QJ01MA08" "Quinolone antibacterials" "Fluoroquinolones" "fler,flerox" "fleroxacine,fleroxacino,fleroxacinum,fleroxicin,megalocin,megalone,megalosin,quinodis" 0.4 "g" 0.4 "g" "25411-0,32372-5,35806-9,7012-8"
"FLO" 65864 "Flomoxef" "Other antibacterials" "J01DC14,QJ01DC14" "flomox" "flomoxefo,flomoxefsalt,flomoxefum,flumarin" 2 "g" "100052-0,53822-3"
"ETO" 6034 "Ethopabate" "Other" "QP51AX17" "NA" "ethopabat" "NA"
"EXE" "Exebacase" "Other" "NA" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"FAR" 65894 "Faropenem" "Other" "J01DI03,QJ01DI03" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Other cephalosporins and penems" "farope" "farom,faropenemhydrate,faropenemsalt,fropenem,fropenum,furopenem" 0.75 "g" "73600-9,73622-3,73645-4"
"FDX" 10034073 "Fidaxomicin" "Other" "A07AA12,QA07AA12" "NA" "dificid,dificlir,difimicin,fidaxomicina,lipiarmicin,lipiarmycin,lipiarrmycin" 0.4 "g" "73599-3,73621-5,73644-7"
"FIN" 11567473 "Finafloxacin" "Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones" "NA" "NA" "xtoro" "73598-5,73620-7,73643-9"
"FLA" 46783781 "Flavomycin" "Other" "NA" "flavom" "bambermicina,bambermycine,bambermycinum,flavofosfolipol,flavophospholipol,gainpro,menomycin" "NA"
"FLE" 3357 "Fleroxacin" "Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones" "J01MA08,QJ01MA08" "Quinolone antibacterials" "Fluoroquinolones" "fler,flerox" "fleroxacine,fleroxacino,fleroxacinum,fleroxicin,megalocin,megalone,megalosin,quinodis" 0.4 "g" 0.4 "g" "25411-0,32372-5,35806-9,7012-8"
"FLO" 65864 "Flomoxef" "Other" "J01DC14,QJ01DC14" "flomox" "flomoxefo,flomoxefsalt,flomoxefum,flumarin" 2 "g" "100052-0,53822-3"
"FLR" 114811 "Florfenicol" "Phenicols" "QJ01BA90,QJ51BA90" "florfe" "aquafen,descocin,dexawin,efnicol,fricol,hyrazin,loncor,macphenicol,masatirin,neomyson,norfenicol,nuflor,racephenicol,rincrol,thiamcol,urfamicina,urophenyl" "23740-4,35807-7,35808-5,87599-7"
"FLC" 21319 "Flucloxacillin" "Beta-lactams/penicillins" "J01CF05,QJ01CF05,QJ51CF05" "Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins" "Beta-lactamase resistant penicillins" "clox,fluclo,flux" "bactopen,cloxacap,cloxacillinhydrate,cloxypen,floxacillin,floxacillinanhydrous,floxapen,floxapensalt,fluclomix,flucloxacilina,flucloxacilline,flucloxacillinum,flucloxin,fluorochloroxacillin,galfloxin,latocillin,orbeninhydrate,rimaflox,staphobristol,zoxin" 2 "g" 2 "g" "NA"
"FLU" 3365 "Fluconazole" "Antifungals/antimycotics" "D01AC15,J02AC01,QD01AC15,QJ02AC01" "Antimycotics for systemic use" "Triazole derivatives" "fluc,flucon,fluz,flz" "alflucoz,alkanazole,baten,biocanol,biozole,biozolene,canzol,cryptal,diflazon,diflucan,dimycon,elazor,flucazol,fluconazoli,fluconazolum,flucoral,flucostat,flukezol,flunazol,flunizol,fluzon,forcan,fuconal,fungata,loitin,mutum,oxifugol,pritenzol,syscan,trican,triconal,triflucan,zemyc,zoltec,zonal" 0.2 "g" 0.2 "g" "10987-6,16870-8,18924-1,248-5,249-3,250-1,251-9,25255-1,7013-6,80530-9"
"FCT" 3366 "Flucytosine" "Antifungals/antimycotics" "D01AE21,J02AX01,QD01AE21,QJ02AX01" "Antifungals for topical use" "Other antifungals for topical use" "5flc,fcu,flucyt,fluo,fluy" "alcobon,ancoban,ancobon,ancotil,ancotyl,flourocytosine,flucitosina,flucytosin,flucytosinum,flucytosone,fluocytosine,fluorcytosine,fluorocytosine" 10 "g" 10 "g" "NA"
"FLC" 21319 "Flucloxacillin" "Isoxazolylpenicillins,Penicillins,Beta-lactams" "J01CF05,QJ01CF05,QJ51CF05" "Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins" "Beta-lactamase resistant penicillins" "clox,fluclo,flux" "bactopen,cloxacap,cloxacillinhydrate,cloxypen,floxacillin,floxacillinanhydrous,floxapen,floxapensalt,fluclomix,flucloxacilina,flucloxacilline,flucloxacillinum,flucloxin,fluorochloroxacillin,galfloxin,latocillin,orbeninhydrate,rimaflox,staphobristol,zoxin" 2 "g" 2 "g" "NA"
"FLU" 3365 "Fluconazole" "Antifungals" "D01AC15,J02AC01,QD01AC15,QJ02AC01" "Antimycotics for systemic use" "Triazole derivatives" "fluc,flucon,fluz,flz" "alflucoz,alkanazole,baten,biocanol,biozole,biozolene,canzol,cryptal,diflazon,diflucan,dimycon,elazor,flucazol,fluconazoli,fluconazolum,flucoral,flucostat,flukezol,flunazol,flunizol,fluzon,forcan,fuconal,fungata,loitin,mutum,oxifugol,pritenzol,syscan,trican,triconal,triflucan,zemyc,zoltec,zonal" 0.2 "g" 0.2 "g" "10987-6,16870-8,18924-1,248-5,249-3,250-1,251-9,25255-1,7013-6,80530-9"
"FCT" 3366 "Flucytosine" "Antifungals" "D01AE21,J02AX01,QD01AE21,QJ02AX01" "Antifungals for topical use" "Other antifungals for topical use" "5flc,fcu,flucyt,fluo,fluy" "alcobon,ancoban,ancobon,ancotil,ancotyl,flourocytosine,flucitosina,flucytosin,flucytosinum,flucytosone,fluocytosine,fluorcytosine,fluorocytosine" 10 "g" 10 "g" "NA"
"FLM" 3374 "Flumequine" "Quinolones" "J01MB07,QJ01MB07" "Quinolone antibacterials" "Other quinolones" "flumeq" "apurone,fantacin,flumequina,flumequino,flumequinum,flumigal,flumiquil,flumisol,flumix,imequyl" 1.2 "g" "55675-3,55676-1,55677-9,55678-7"
"FLR1" 71260 "Flurithromycin" "Macrolides/lincosamides" "J01FA14,QJ01FA14" "Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins" "Macrolides" "NA" "abbot,beritromicina,berythromycin,berythromycine,berythromycinum,flurithromycine,flurithromycinum,fluritromicina,fluritromycinum,flurizic,mizar" 0.75 "g" "NA"
"FFL" 214356 "Fosfluconazole" "Antifungals/antimycotics" "NA" "NA" "fosfluconazol,procif,prodif" "NA"
"FOS" 446987 "Fosfomycin" "Other antibacterials" "J01XX01,QJ01XX01,QS02AA17,S02AA17" "Other antibacterials" "Other antibacterials" "ff,fm,fo,fof,fos,fosf,fosfom,fosmyc" "fosfocina,fosfomicin,fosfomicina,fosfomycine,fosfomycinum,fosfonomycin,infectophos,phosphonemycin,phosphonomycin,veramina" 3 "g" 8 "g" "25596-8,25653-7,35809-3,35810-1"
"FMD" 572 "Fosmidomycin" "Other antibacterials" "NA" "NA" "fosmidomicina,fosmidomycina,fosmidomycine,fosmidomycinsalt,fosmidomycinum" "NA"
"FLR1" 71260 "Flurithromycin" "Macrolides" "J01FA14,QJ01FA14" "Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins" "Macrolides" "NA" "abbot,beritromicina,berythromycin,berythromycine,berythromycinum,flurithromycine,flurithromycinum,fluritromicina,fluritromycinum,flurizic,mizar" 0.75 "g" "NA"
"FFL" 214356 "Fosfluconazole" "Antifungals" "NA" "NA" "fosfluconazol,procif,prodif" "NA"
"FOS" 446987 "Fosfomycin" "Phosphonics" "J01XX01,QJ01XX01,QS02AA17,S02AA17" "Other antibacterials" "Other antibacterials" "ff,fm,fo,fof,fos,fosf,fosfom,fosmyc" "fosfocina,fosfomicin,fosfomicina,fosfomycine,fosfomycinum,fosfonomycin,infectophos,phosphonemycin,phosphonomycin,veramina" 3 "g" 8 "g" "25596-8,25653-7,35809-3,35810-1"
"FMD" 572 "Fosmidomycin" "Other" "NA" "NA" "fosmidomicina,fosmidomycina,fosmidomycine,fosmidomycinsalt,fosmidomycinum" "NA"
"FRM" 8378 "Framycetin" "Aminoglycosides" "D09AA01,QD09AA01,QJ01GB91,QR01AX08,QS01AA07,R01AX08,S01AA07" "fram,framyc" "actilin,actiline,antibiotique,bycomycin,enterfram,fradiomycin,fradiomycinum,framicetina,framidal,framycetine,framycetinum,framycin,framygen,francetin,jernadex,myacyne,mycerin,mycifradin,neobrettin,neolate,neomas,neomcin,neomicina,neomin,neomycine,neomycinum,nivemycin,soframycin,soframycine" "18926-6,257-6,258-4,259-2,260-0,55679-5"
"FUR" 6870646 "Furazidin" "Other antibacterials" "J01XE03,QJ01XE03" "Other antibacterials" "Nitrofuran derivatives" "NA" "akritoin,furagin,furaginum,furamag,furazidine,hydantoin" 0.3 "g" "NA"
"FRZ" 5323714 "Furazolidone" "Other antibacterials" "G01AX06,QG01AX06,QJ01XE90" "furazo" "bifuron,corizium,coryzium,diafuron,enterotoxon,furall,furanzolidone,furaxon,furaxone,furazolidine,furazolidon,furazolidona,furazolidonum,furazolum,furidon,furmethoxadone,furovag,furoxal,furoxane,furoxon,furoxone,furozolidine,giardil,giarlam,medaron,neftin,nicolen,nifulidone,nifuran,nifurazolidone,nifurazolidonum,nitrofuradoxon,nitrofurazolidone,nitrofurazolidonum,nitrofuroxon,optazol,ortazol,puradin,roptazol,sclaventerol,tikofuran,topazone,trichofuron,tricofuron,tricoron,trifurox,viofuragyn" "69574-2,87794-4"
"FUS" 3000226 "Fusidic acid" "Other antibacterials" "D06AX01,D09AA02,J01XC01,QD06AX01,QD09AA02,QJ01XC01,QS01AA13,S01AA13" "Other antibacterials" "Steroid antibacterials" "fa,fusaci,fusi" "flucidin,fucidate,fucidina,fucidine,fucithalmic,fusidate,fusidicacid,fusidin,fusidine,taksta" 1.5 "g" 1.5 "g" "NA"
"GAM" 59364992 "Gamithromycin" "Macrolides/lincosamides" "QJ01FA95" "NA" "zactran" "100054-6,88376-9,88378-5"
"GRN" 124093 "Garenoxacin" "Fluoroquinolones" "J01MA19,QJ01MA19" "gareno" "ganefloxacin,garenfloxacin" 0.4 "g" "35811-9,35812-7,35813-5"
"GAT" 5379 "Gatifloxacin" "Fluoroquinolones" "J01MA16,QJ01MA16,QS01AE06,S01AE06" "Quinolone antibacterials" "Fluoroquinolones" "gati,gatifl" "acorafloxacin,avarofloxacin,balofloxacin,balofox,bazucin,bilimin,bonoq,gaity,gatiflo,gatifloxacine,gatifloxcin,gatilox,gatiquin,gatispan,kinome,tequin,tymer,zymar,zymaxid,zymer" 0.4 "g" 0.4 "g" "31036-7,31038-3,31040-9,31042-5,41494-6"
"GEM" 9571107 "Gemifloxacin" "Fluoroquinolones" "J01MA15,QJ01MA15" "Quinolone antibacterials" "Fluoroquinolones" "gemifl" "factiv,gemifioxacin,gemifloxacine,gemifloxacino,gemifloxacinum" 0.32 "g" 0.2 "g" "35814-3,35815-0,35816-8,41697-4"
"FUR" 6870646 "Furazidin" "Nitrofurans" "J01XE03,QJ01XE03" "Other antibacterials" "Nitrofuran derivatives" "NA" "akritoin,furagin,furaginum,furamag,furazidine,hydantoin" 0.3 "g" "NA"
"FRZ" 5323714 "Furazolidone" "Nitrofurans" "G01AX06,QG01AX06,QJ01XE90" "furazo" "bifuron,corizium,coryzium,diafuron,enterotoxon,furall,furanzolidone,furaxon,furaxone,furazolidine,furazolidon,furazolidona,furazolidonum,furazolum,furidon,furmethoxadone,furovag,furoxal,furoxane,furoxon,furoxone,furozolidine,giardil,giarlam,medaron,neftin,nicolen,nifulidone,nifuran,nifurazolidone,nifurazolidonum,nitrofuradoxon,nitrofurazolidone,nitrofurazolidonum,nitrofuroxon,optazol,ortazol,puradin,roptazol,sclaventerol,tikofuran,topazone,trichofuron,tricofuron,tricoron,trifurox,viofuragyn" "69574-2,87794-4"
"FUS" 3000226 "Fusidic acid" "Other" "D06AX01,D09AA02,J01XC01,QD06AX01,QD09AA02,QJ01XC01,QS01AA13,S01AA13" "Other antibacterials" "Steroid antibacterials" "fa,fusaci,fusi" "flucidin,fucidate,fucidina,fucidine,fucithalmic,fusidate,fusidicacid,fusidin,fusidine,taksta" 1.5 "g" 1.5 "g" "NA"
"GAM" 59364992 "Gamithromycin" "Macrolides" "QJ01FA95" "NA" "zactran" "100054-6,88376-9,88378-5"
"GRN" 124093 "Garenoxacin" "Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones" "J01MA19,QJ01MA19" "gareno" "ganefloxacin,garenfloxacin" 0.4 "g" "35811-9,35812-7,35813-5"
"GAT" 5379 "Gatifloxacin" "Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones" "J01MA16,QJ01MA16,QS01AE06,S01AE06" "Quinolone antibacterials" "Fluoroquinolones" "gati,gatifl" "acorafloxacin,avarofloxacin,balofloxacin,balofox,bazucin,bilimin,bonoq,gaity,gatiflo,gatifloxacine,gatifloxcin,gatilox,gatiquin,gatispan,kinome,tequin,tymer,zymar,zymaxid,zymer" 0.4 "g" 0.4 "g" "31036-7,31038-3,31040-9,31042-5,41494-6"
"GEM" 9571107 "Gemifloxacin" "Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones" "J01MA15,QJ01MA15" "Quinolone antibacterials" "Fluoroquinolones" "gemifl" "factiv,gemifioxacin,gemifloxacine,gemifloxacino,gemifloxacinum" 0.32 "g" 0.2 "g" "35814-3,35815-0,35816-8,41697-4"
"GEN" 3467 "Gentamicin" "Aminoglycosides" "D06AX07,J01GB03,QA07AA91,QD06AX07,QG01AA91,QG51AA04,QJ01GB03,QJ51GB03,QS01AA11,QS02AA14,QS03AA06,S01AA11,S02AA14,S03AA06" "Aminoglycoside antibacterials" "Other aminoglycosides" "cn,ge1000,ge2000,gen,gen128,gen500,gent,genta1,gentam,gm" "centicin,cidomycin,garamicin,garamycin,gentacycol,gentamicina,gentamicine,gentamicins,gentamicinum,gentamycins,gentamycinum,gentocin,lyramycin,oksitselanim,septigen,septocin" 0.24 "g" "101494-3,13561-6,13562-4,15106-8,18928-2,18929-0,22746-2,22747-0,266-7,267-5,268-3,269-1,31091-2,31092-0,31093-8,35668-3,35817-6,3663-2,3664-0,3665-7,39082-3,47109-4,50630-3,59379-8,7016-9,7017-7,7018-5,80971-5,88111-0,89481-6"
"GEH" "Gentamicin-high" "Aminoglycosides" "NA" "gehi,gehl,genta high,gentamicin high" "NA" "18929-0,35817-6,7017-7,7018-5"
"GEP" 25101874 "Gepotidacin" "Other antibacterials" "J01XX13,QJ01XX13" "NA" "gepotidacina,gepotidacine" "NA"
"GRX" 72474 "Grepafloxacin" "Fluoroquinolones" "J01MA11,QJ01MA11" "Quinolone antibacterials" "Fluoroquinolones" "grep,grepaf" "grepafloxacine,grepafloxacino,lungaskin,raxar,vaxar" 0.4 "g" "21316-5,23638-0,23639-8,35818-4"
"GRI" 441140 "Griseofulvin" "Antifungals/antimycotics" "D01AA08,D01BA01,QD01AA08,QD01BA01" "NA" "amudane,delmofulvina,epigriseofulvin,fulcin,fulcine,fulvicin,fulvidex,fulvina,fulvinil,fulvistatin,fungivin,greosin,gresfeed,gricin,grifulin,grifulvin,grisactin,griscofulvin,grisefuline,griseo,griseofulviin,griseofulvina,griseofulvine,griseofulvinum,griseomix,griseostatin,grisetin,grisofulvin,grisovin,grisowen,grizeofulvin,grysio,guservin,lamoryl,likuden,likunden,murfulvin,poncyl,spiro,spirofulvin,xuanjing" 0.5 "g" "12402-4,54200-1,54201-9,54202-7"
"GEP" 25101874 "Gepotidacin" "Other" "J01XX13,QJ01XX13" "NA" "gepotidacina,gepotidacine" "NA"
"GRX" 72474 "Grepafloxacin" "Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones" "J01MA11,QJ01MA11" "Quinolone antibacterials" "Fluoroquinolones" "grep,grepaf" "grepafloxacine,grepafloxacino,lungaskin,raxar,vaxar" 0.4 "g" "21316-5,23638-0,23639-8,35818-4"
"GRI" 441140 "Griseofulvin" "Antifungals" "D01AA08,D01BA01,QD01AA08,QD01BA01" "NA" "amudane,delmofulvina,epigriseofulvin,fulcin,fulcine,fulvicin,fulvidex,fulvina,fulvinil,fulvistatin,fungivin,greosin,gresfeed,gricin,grifulin,grifulvin,grisactin,griscofulvin,grisefuline,griseo,griseofulviin,griseofulvina,griseofulvine,griseofulvinum,griseomix,griseostatin,grisetin,grisofulvin,grisovin,grisowen,grizeofulvin,grysio,guservin,lamoryl,likuden,likunden,murfulvin,poncyl,spiro,spirofulvin,xuanjing" 0.5 "g" "12402-4,54200-1,54201-9,54202-7"
"HAB" 175989 "Habekacin" "Aminoglycosides" "NA" "NA" "amikafur,amikan,amitrex,arikayce,biklin,biodacyn,chemacin,fabianol,habekacinxsulfate,likacin,pierami" "NA"
"HCH" 11979956 "Hachimycin" "Antifungals/antimycotics" "D01AA03,G01AA06,J02AA02,QD01AA03,QG01AA06,QJ02AA02" "Antimycotics for systemic use" "Antibiotics" "NA" "cabimicina,hachimicina,hachimycine,hachimycinum,trichomycinum,trichonat" "NA"
"HET" 443387 "Hetacillin" "Beta-lactams/penicillins" "J01CA18,QJ01CA18" "Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins" "Penicillins with extended spectrum" "hetaci" "etacillina,hetacilina,hetacilline,hetacillinum,natacillin,phenazacillin,versapen,versatrex" 2 "g" "18931-6,274-1,275-8,276-6,277-4"
"HCH" 11979956 "Hachimycin" "Antifungals" "D01AA03,G01AA06,J02AA02,QD01AA03,QG01AA06,QJ02AA02" "Antimycotics for systemic use" "Antibiotics" "NA" "cabimicina,hachimicina,hachimycine,hachimycinum,trichomycinum,trichonat" "NA"
"HET" 443387 "Hetacillin" "Penicillins,Beta-lactams" "J01CA18,QJ01CA18" "Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins" "Penicillins with extended spectrum" "hetaci" "etacillina,hetacilina,hetacilline,hetacillinum,natacillin,phenazacillin,versapen,versatrex" 2 "g" "18931-6,274-1,275-8,276-6,277-4"
"HYG" 56928061 "Hygromycin" "Aminoglycosides" "NA" "NA" "antihelmycin,destomysin,hyanthelmix,hygromix,hygrovectine,hygrovetine" "NA"
"IBX" "Ibrexafungerp" "Antifungals" "J02AX07,QJ02AX07" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"ICL" 213043 "Iclaprim" "Other antibacterials" "J01EA03,QJ01EA03" "iclapr" "iclaprime,mersarex" "73597-7,73619-9,73642-1"
"IPM" 104838 "Imipenem" "Carbapenems" "J01DH51,QJ01DH51" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Carbapenems" "imci,imi,imip,imip32,imipen,imp" "imipemide,imipenemum,imipenen,primaxin,recarbrio,tienam,tienamycin" 2 "g" "101487-7,17010-0,18932-4,18933-2,23613-3,25221-3,25257-7,27331-8,278-2,279-0,280-8,281-6,282-4,283-2,284-0,285-7,35819-2,3688-9,54170-6,54171-4,54172-2,7019-3,85424-0,93232-7,96372-8"
"IPE" "Imipenem/EDTA" "Carbapenems" "NA" "NA" "NA" "35819-2,54170-6,54171-4,54172-2"
"IMR" "Imipenem/relebactam" "Carbapenems" "J01DH56,QJ01DH56" "NA" "NA" 2 "g" "85424-0,93232-7,96372-8"
"ISV" 6918485 "Isavuconazole" "Antifungals/antimycotics" "J02AC05,QJ02AC05" "isav" "benzonitrile,ravuconazole" 0.2 "g" 0.2 "g" "85381-2,88887-5"
"ICL" 213043 "Iclaprim" "Other" "J01EA03,QJ01EA03" "iclapr" "iclaprime,mersarex" "73597-7,73619-9,73642-1"
"IPM" 104838 "Imipenem" "Carbapenems,Beta-lactams" "J01DH51,QJ01DH51" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Carbapenems" "imci,imi,imip,imip32,imipen,imp" "imipemide,imipenemum,imipenen,primaxin,recarbrio,tienam,tienamycin" 2 "g" "101487-7,17010-0,18932-4,18933-2,23613-3,25221-3,25257-7,27331-8,278-2,279-0,280-8,281-6,282-4,283-2,284-0,285-7,35819-2,3688-9,54170-6,54171-4,54172-2,7019-3,85424-0,93232-7,96372-8"
"IPE" "Imipenem/EDTA" "Carbapenems,Beta-lactams" "NA" "NA" "NA" "35819-2,54170-6,54171-4,54172-2"
"IMR" "Imipenem/relebactam" "Carbapenems,Beta-lactams,Beta-lactamase inhibitors" "J01DH56,QJ01DH56" "NA" "NA" 2 "g" "85424-0,93232-7,96372-8"
"ISV" 6918485 "Isavuconazole" "Antifungals" "J02AC05,QJ02AC05" "isav" "benzonitrile,ravuconazole" 0.2 "g" 0.2 "g" "85381-2,88887-5"
"ISE" 3037209 "Isepamicin" "Aminoglycosides" "J01GB11,QJ01GB11" "Aminoglycoside antibacterials" "Other aminoglycosides" "isepam" "isepacin,isepalline,isepamicina,isepamicine,isepamicinsulphate,isepamicinum" 0.4 "g" "32381-6,35820-0,35821-8,55680-3"
"ISO" 3760 "Isoconazole" "Antifungals/antimycotics" "D01AC05,G01AF07,QD01AC05,QG01AF07" "Antimycotics for topic use" "Triazole derivatives" "NA" "isoconazol,isoconazolum,travogen" "55681-1,55682-9,55683-7,55684-5"
"ISO" 3760 "Isoconazole" "Antifungals" "D01AC05,G01AF07,QD01AC05,QG01AF07" "Antimycotics for topic use" "Triazole derivatives" "NA" "isoconazol,isoconazolum,travogen" "55681-1,55682-9,55683-7,55684-5"
"INH" 3767 "Isoniazid" "Antimycobacterials" "J04AC01,QJ04AC01" "Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis" "Hydrazides" "inh,isonia" "abdizide,acetylisoniazide,andrazide,anidrasona,antimicina,antituberkulosum,armacide,armazid,armazide,atcotibine,azuren,cedin,cemidon,chemiazid,chemidon,continazine,cortinazine,cotinazin,cotinizin,defonin,dianicotyl,dibutin,diforin,dinacrin,dinocrin,ditubin,ebidene,eralon,ertuban,eutizon,evalon,fetefu,fimalene,hidranizil,hidrasonil,hidrulta,hidrun,hycozid,hydra,hydrazid,hyozid,hyzyd,idrazil,inizid,ipcazide,iscotin,isidrina,ismazide,isobicina,isocid,isocidene,isocotin,isohydrazide,isokin,isolyn,isonerit,isonex,isoniacid,isoniazida,isoniazide,isoniazidum,isonicazide,isonicid,isonico,isonicotan,isonicotil,isonicotinhydrazid,isonicotinohydrazide,isonide,isonidrin,isonikazid,isonilex,isonin,isonindon,isonirit,isoniton,isonizida,isonizide,isotamine,isotebe,isotebezid,isotinyl,isozid,isozide,isozyd,laniazid,laniozid,mayambutol,mybasan,neoteben,neoxin,neumandin,nevin,niadrin,nicazide,nicetal,nicizina,niconyl,nicotibina,nicotibine,nicotisan,nicozide,nidaton,nidrazid,nikozid,niplen,nitadon,niteban,nitebannsc,nydrazid,nyscozid,pelazid,percin,phthisen,preparation,pycazide,pyreazid,pyricidin,pyridicin,pyrizidin,raumanon,razide,retozide,rifater,rimicid,rimifon,rimiphone,rimitsid,robiselin,robisellin,roxifen,sanohidrazina,sauterazid,sauterzid,stanozide,tebecid,tebenic,tebexin,tebilon,tebos,teebaconin,tekazin,tibazide,tibemid,tibiazide,tibinide,tibison,tibivis,tibizide,tibusan,tisin,tisiodrazida,tizide,tubazid,tubazide,tubeco,tubecotubercid,tuberian,tubicon,tubilysin,tubizid,tubomel,tyvid,unicocyde,unicozyde,vazadrine,vederon,zidafimia,zinadon,zonazide" 0.3 "g" 0.3 "g" "18934-0,20383-6,23947-5,25217-1,25218-9,25219-7,25451-6,26756-7,286-5,287-3,288-1,289-9,29315-9,3697-0,40371-7,42649-4,42650-2,42651-0,45215-1,48171-3,48172-1,55685-2,7020-1,89488-1"
"IST" "Isoniazid/sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim/pyridoxine" "Antimycobacterials" "NA" "Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis" "Combinations of drugs for treatment of tuberculosis" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"ITR" 3793 "Itraconazole" "Antifungals/antimycotics" "J02AC02,QJ02AC02" "Antimycotics for systemic use" "Triazole derivatives" "itra,itraco" "candistat,canditral,cladosal,fungitraxx,intraconazole,itraconazol,itraconazolo,itraconazolum,itraconzaole,itrafungol,itralek,itrizole,lozanoc,onmel,sempera,sporamelt,sporanox,sporonox,traconal,triasporin" 0.2 "g" 0.2 "g" "10989-2,12392-7,25258-5,25452-4,27081-9,32184-4,32185-1,32603-3,54179-7,7021-9,80531-7"
"JOS" 5282165 "Josamycin" "Macrolides/lincosamides" "J01FA07,QJ01FA07" "Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins" "Macrolides" "josamy" "jomybel,josamicina,josamycine,josamycinum" 2 "g" "25597-6,25702-2,41698-2,41699-0"
"ITR" 3793 "Itraconazole" "Antifungals" "J02AC02,QJ02AC02" "Antimycotics for systemic use" "Triazole derivatives" "itra,itraco" "candistat,canditral,cladosal,fungitraxx,intraconazole,itraconazol,itraconazolo,itraconazolum,itraconzaole,itrafungol,itralek,itrizole,lozanoc,onmel,sempera,sporamelt,sporanox,sporonox,traconal,triasporin" 0.2 "g" 0.2 "g" "10989-2,12392-7,25258-5,25452-4,27081-9,32184-4,32185-1,32603-3,54179-7,7021-9,80531-7"
"JOS" 5282165 "Josamycin" "Macrolides" "J01FA07,QJ01FA07" "Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins" "Macrolides" "josamy" "jomybel,josamicina,josamycine,josamycinum" 2 "g" "25597-6,25702-2,41698-2,41699-0"
"KAN" 6032 "Kanamycin" "Aminoglycosides" "A07AA08,J01GB04,QA07AA08,QJ01GB04,QS01AA24,S01AA24" "Aminoglycoside antibacterials" "Other aminoglycosides" "hlk,k,kan,kana,kanamy,km" "kanamicina,kanamycine,kanamycins,kanamycinum,kantrex,klebcil" 3 "g" 1 "g" "18935-7,18936-5,23609-1,23889-9,25182-7,25213-0,25214-8,290-7,291-5,292-3,293-1,3698-8,3699-6,3700-2,42652-8,47395-9,49080-5,7022-7,7023-5,7024-3,88002-1,88705-9,89482-4"
"KAH" "Kanamycin-high" "Aminoglycosides" "NA" "k_h,kahl" "NA" "18936-5,7023-5,7024-3"
"KAC" "Kanamycin/cephalexin" "Aminoglycosides" "NA" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"KET" 456201 "Ketoconazole" "Antifungals/antimycotics" "D01AC08,G01AF11,H02CA03,J02AB02,QD01AC08,QG01AF11,QH02CA03,QJ02AB02" "Antimycotics for systemic use" "Imidazole derivatives" "keto,ketoco,ktc" "brizoral,ethanone,extina,fungarest,fungoral,ketaconazole,ketocanazole,ketoconazol,ketoconazolum,ketodan,ketoderm,ketoisdin,ketozole,kuric,levoketoconazole,nizoral,normocort,panfungol,piperazine,recorlev,sebazole,teryzolin,terzolin,tocris,xolegel" 0.6 "g" "10990-0,12393-5,18937-3,25259-3,294-9,295-6,296-4,297-2,60091-6,60092-4,7025-0"
"KIT" "Kitasamycin" "Macrolides/lincosamides" "QJ01FA93" "leucomycin" "NA" "NA"
"LAS" 5360807 "Lasalocid" "Other antibacterials" "QP51BB02" "NA" "avatec,bovate,bovatec,lasalocide,lasalocido,lasalocidsalt,lasalocidum" "87598-9"
"LSC" 71528768 "Lascufloxacin" "Fluoroquinolones" "J01MA25,QJ01MA25" "Quinolone antibacterials" "Fluoroquinolones" "NA" "lasvic" 75 "mg" "NA"
"LTM" 47499 "Latamoxef" "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)" "J01DD06,QJ01DD06" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Third-generation cephalosporins" "mox,moxa,moxalactam" "dilatamoxef,festamoxin,lamoxactam,latamoxefum,morrhuate,moxalactamsalt,moxam,shiomarin" 4 "g" "NA"
"LMU" 25185057 "Lefamulin" "Other antibacterials" "J01XX12,QJ01XX12" "NA" "lefamulinacetate,xenleta" "85425-7,99281-8"
"LEN" 65646 "Lenampicillin" "Beta-lactams/penicillins" "NA" "NA" "lenampicilina,lenampicilline,lenampicillinum,takacillin,valacillin,varacillin" "NA"
"LVX" 149096 "Levofloxacin" "Fluoroquinolones" "J01MA12,QJ01MA12,QS01AE05,S01AE05" "Quinolone antibacterials" "Fluoroquinolones" "le,lev,levo,levofl,lvx" "aeroquin,cravit,dextrofloxacin,dynaquin,elequine,iquix,levaquin,levofiexacin,levofloxacine,levofloxacino,levofloxacinum,loxof,ofloxcacin,oftaquix,quinsair,quixin,tavanic,unibiotic,venaxan" 0.5 "g" 0.5 "g" "101501-5,20396-8,20629-2,21367-8,21368-6,30532-6,30533-4,48173-9,53716-7,7026-8,76040-5,76041-3,76042-1"
"LEO" "Levofloxacin/ornidazole" "Fluoroquinolones" "J01RA05,QJ01RA05" "Combinations of antibacterials" "Combinations of antibacterials" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"LND" 9850038 "Levonadifloxacin" "Fluoroquinolones" "J01MA24,QJ01MA24" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"LSP" "Linco-spectin" "Other antibacterials" "NA" "lincomycin/spectinomycin" "NA" "NA"
"LIN" 3000540 "Lincomycin" "Macrolides/lincosamides" "J01FF02,QJ01FF02,QJ51FF02" "Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins" "Lincosamides" "linc,lincom" "albiotic,bactramycin,cillimycin,frademicina,jiemycin,lincocin,lincogap,lincolcina,lincolnensin,lincomicina,lincomix,lincomycine,lincomycinum,lincomyocin,lincorex,linocin,mycivin" 1.8 "g" 1.8 "g" "18938-1,298-0,299-8,300-4,301-2,41700-6,87597-1"
"KET" 456201 "Ketoconazole" "Antifungals" "D01AC08,G01AF11,H02CA03,J02AB02,QD01AC08,QG01AF11,QH02CA03,QJ02AB02" "Antimycotics for systemic use" "Imidazole derivatives" "keto,ketoco,ktc" "brizoral,ethanone,extina,fungarest,fungoral,ketaconazole,ketocanazole,ketoconazol,ketoconazolum,ketodan,ketoderm,ketoisdin,ketozole,kuric,levoketoconazole,nizoral,normocort,panfungol,piperazine,recorlev,sebazole,teryzolin,terzolin,tocris,xolegel" 0.6 "g" "10990-0,12393-5,18937-3,25259-3,294-9,295-6,296-4,297-2,60091-6,60092-4,7025-0"
"KIT" "Kitasamycin" "Macrolides" "QJ01FA93" "leucomycin" "NA" "NA"
"LAS" 5360807 "Lasalocid" "Other" "QP51BB02" "NA" "avatec,bovate,bovatec,lasalocide,lasalocido,lasalocidsalt,lasalocidum" "87598-9"
"LSC" 71528768 "Lascufloxacin" "Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones" "J01MA25,QJ01MA25" "Quinolone antibacterials" "Fluoroquinolones" "NA" "lasvic" 75 "mg" "NA"
"LTM" 47499 "Latamoxef" "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams" "J01DD06,QJ01DD06" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Third-generation cephalosporins" "mox,moxa,moxalactam" "dilatamoxef,festamoxin,lamoxactam,latamoxefum,morrhuate,moxalactamsalt,moxam,shiomarin" 4 "g" "NA"
"LMU" 25185057 "Lefamulin" "Other" "J01XX12,QJ01XX12" "NA" "lefamulinacetate,xenleta" "85425-7,99281-8"
"LEN" 65646 "Lenampicillin" "Penicillins,Beta-lactams" "NA" "NA" "lenampicilina,lenampicilline,lenampicillinum,takacillin,valacillin,varacillin" "NA"
"LVX" 149096 "Levofloxacin" "Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones" "J01MA12,QJ01MA12,QS01AE05,S01AE05" "Quinolone antibacterials" "Fluoroquinolones" "le,lev,levo,levofl,lvx" "aeroquin,cravit,dextrofloxacin,dynaquin,elequine,iquix,levaquin,levofiexacin,levofloxacine,levofloxacino,levofloxacinum,loxof,ofloxcacin,oftaquix,quinsair,quixin,tavanic,unibiotic,venaxan" 0.5 "g" 0.5 "g" "101501-5,20396-8,20629-2,21367-8,21368-6,30532-6,30533-4,48173-9,53716-7,7026-8,76040-5,76041-3,76042-1"
"LEO" "Levofloxacin/ornidazole" "Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones" "J01RA05,QJ01RA05" "Combinations of antibacterials" "Combinations of antibacterials" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"LND" 9850038 "Levonadifloxacin" "Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones" "J01MA24,QJ01MA24" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"LSP" "Linco-spectin" "Other" "NA" "lincomycin/spectinomycin" "NA" "NA"
"LIN" 3000540 "Lincomycin" "Lincosamides" "J01FF02,QJ01FF02,QJ51FF02" "Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins" "Lincosamides" "linc,lincom" "albiotic,bactramycin,cillimycin,frademicina,jiemycin,lincocin,lincogap,lincolcina,lincolnensin,lincomicina,lincomix,lincomycine,lincomycinum,lincomyocin,lincorex,linocin,mycivin" 1.8 "g" 1.8 "g" "18938-1,298-0,299-8,300-4,301-2,41700-6,87597-1"
"LNZ" 441401 "Linezolid" "Oxazolidinones" "J01XX08,QJ01XX08" "Other antibacterials" "Other antibacterials" "line,linezo,lnz,lz,lzd" "desfluorolinezolid,linezoid,linezolidum,zivoxid,zyvox,zyvoxa,zyvoxam,zyvoxid" 1.2 "g" 1.2 "g" "29254-0,29255-7,29258-1,33332-8,34202-2,41500-0,80609-1,88706-7,96111-0"
"LFE" "Linoprist-flopristin" "Other antibacterials" "NA" "linflo" "NA" "NA"
"LOM" 3948 "Lomefloxacin" "Fluoroquinolones" "J01MA07,QJ01MA07,QS01AE04,S01AE04" "Quinolone antibacterials" "Fluoroquinolones" "lmf,lom,lome,lomefl" "bareon,logiflox,lomebact,lomefloxacine,lomefloxacino,lomefloxacinum,maxaquin,maxaquine,mazaquin,okacin,okacyn,uniquin" 0.4 "g" "18939-9,302-0,303-8,304-6,305-3,41701-4"
"LOR" 5284585 "Loracarbef" "Cephalosporins (2nd gen.)" "J01DC08,QJ01DC08" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Second-generation cephalosporins" "lora,loraca" "carbac,lorabid,loracarbefum,lorafem,lorbef,loribid" 0.6 "g" "18940-7,306-1,307-9,308-7,309-5,7027-6"
"LFE" "Linoprist-flopristin" "Other" "NA" "linflo" "NA" "NA"
"LOM" 3948 "Lomefloxacin" "Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones" "J01MA07,QJ01MA07,QS01AE04,S01AE04" "Quinolone antibacterials" "Fluoroquinolones" "lmf,lom,lome,lomefl" "bareon,logiflox,lomebact,lomefloxacine,lomefloxacino,lomefloxacinum,maxaquin,maxaquine,mazaquin,okacin,okacyn,uniquin" 0.4 "g" "18939-9,302-0,303-8,304-6,305-3,41701-4"
"LOR" 5284585 "Loracarbef" "Cephalosporins (2nd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams" "J01DC08,QJ01DC08" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Second-generation cephalosporins" "lora,loraca" "carbac,lorabid,loracarbefum,lorafem,lorbef,loribid" 0.6 "g" "18940-7,306-1,307-9,308-7,309-5,7027-6"
"LYM" 54707177 "Lymecycline" "Tetracyclines" "J01AA04,QJ01AA04" "Tetracyclines" "Tetracyclines" "NA" "armyl,chlortetracyclin,ciclisin,ciclolysal,ciclolysine,eficiclina,infaciclina,limeciclina,lisinbiotic,lymecyclinum,mucomycin,ntetracycline,tetralisal,tetralysal,vebicyclysal" 0.6 "g" 0.6 "g" "18941-5,310-3,311-1,312-9,313-7"
"MNA" 1292 "Mandelic acid" "Other antibacterials" "B05CA06,J01XX06,QB05CA06,QJ01XX06" "Other antibacterials" "Other antibacterials" "NA" "amygdalate,mandelsaeure,paramandelate,phenylglycolate,phenylhydroxyacetate,uromaline" 12 "g" "NA"
"MNA" 1292 "Mandelic acid" "Other" "B05CA06,J01XX06,QB05CA06,QJ01XX06" "Other antibacterials" "Other antibacterials" "NA" "amygdalate,mandelsaeure,paramandelate,phenylglycolate,phenylhydroxyacetate,uromaline" 12 "g" "NA"
"MGX" "Manogepix" "Antifungals" "NA" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"MAR" 60651 "Marbofloxacin" "Fluoroquinolones" "QJ01MA93" "marbof" "marbocyl,marbofloxacine,marbofloxacino,marbofloxacinum,marboquin,zeniquin" "73596-9,73618-1,73641-3"
"MEC" 36273 "Mecillinam" "Beta-lactams/penicillins" "J01CA11,QJ01CA11" "Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins" "Penicillins with extended spectrum" "amdinocillin,mecill" "amdinocillin,coactin,hexacillin,mecilinamo,mecillinamum,selexidin" 1.2 "g" "NA"
"MEL" 71306732 "Meleumycin" "Macrolides/lincosamides" "NA" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"MEM" 441130 "Meropenem" "Carbapenems" "J01DH02,QJ01DH02" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Carbapenems" "mem,mer,mero,merope,mp,mrp" "meronem,meropen,meropenemum,merrem" 3 "g" "101222-8,101488-5,101489-3,18943-1,41406-0,6651-4,6652-2,6653-0,6654-8,7029-2,85426-5,85427-3,88892-5,90980-4"
"MNC" "Meropenem/nacubactam" "Carbapenems" "NA" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"MEV" "Meropenem/vaborbactam" "Carbapenems" "J01DH52,QJ01DH52" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Carbapenems" "NA" "NA" 3 "g" "101222-8,101489-3,85427-3,88892-5,90980-4"
"MES" 176886 "Mesulfamide" "Other antibacterials" "NA" "NA" "mesulfamida,mesulfamido,mesulfamidum" "NA"
"MAR" 60651 "Marbofloxacin" "Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones" "QJ01MA93" "marbof" "marbocyl,marbofloxacine,marbofloxacino,marbofloxacinum,marboquin,zeniquin" "73596-9,73618-1,73641-3"
"MEC" 36273 "Mecillinam" "Penicillins,Beta-lactams" "J01CA11,QJ01CA11" "Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins" "Penicillins with extended spectrum" "amdinocillin,mecill" "amdinocillin,coactin,hexacillin,mecilinamo,mecillinamum,selexidin" 1.2 "g" "NA"
"MEL" 71306732 "Meleumycin" "Macrolides" "NA" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"MEM" 441130 "Meropenem" "Carbapenems,Beta-lactams" "J01DH02,QJ01DH02" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Carbapenems" "mem,mer,mero,merope,mp,mrp" "meronem,meropen,meropenemum,merrem" 3 "g" "101222-8,101488-5,101489-3,18943-1,41406-0,6651-4,6652-2,6653-0,6654-8,7029-2,85426-5,85427-3,88892-5,90980-4"
"MNC" "Meropenem/nacubactam" "Carbapenems,Beta-lactams,Beta-lactamase inhibitors" "NA" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"MEV" "Meropenem/vaborbactam" "Carbapenems,Beta-lactams,Beta-lactamase inhibitors" "J01DH52,QJ01DH52" "Other beta-lactam antibacterials" "Carbapenems" "NA" "NA" 3 "g" "101222-8,101489-3,85427-3,88892-5,90980-4"
"MES" 176886 "Mesulfamide" "Other" "NA" "NA" "mesulfamida,mesulfamido,mesulfamidum" "NA"
"MTC" 54675785 "Metacycline" "Tetracyclines" "J01AA05,QJ01AA05" "Tetracyclines" "Tetracyclines" "methcy" "bialatan,metaciclina,metacyclinum,methacyclin,methacycline,methacyclinum,methylenecycline,physiomycine,rondomycin" 0.6 "g" "NA"
"MTM" 6713928 "Metampicillin" "Beta-lactams/penicillins" "J01CA14,QJ01CA14" "Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins" "Penicillins with extended spectrum" "NA" "blomopen,bonopen,celinmicina,elatocilline,filorex,magnipen,metambac,metampen,metampicilina,metampicillina,metampicilline,metampicillinsalt,metampicillinum,micinovo,ocelina,pangocilin,probiotic,relyothenate,ruticina,rutizina,sedomycin,serfabiotic,suvipen,viderpen,viderpin,vioplex" 1.5 "g" 1.5 "g" "NA"
"MTH" 4101 "Methenamine" "Other antibacterials" "J01XX05,QJ01XX05" "Other antibacterials" "Other antibacterials" "NA" "aminoform,aminoformaldehyde,ammoform,ammonioformaldehyde,antihydral,carin,cystamin,cystex,cystogen,duirexol,esametilentetramina,formamine,formin,grasselerator,heterin,hexaform,hexaloids,hexamethylamine,hexamethylenamine,hexamethyleneamine,hexamethylentetramin,hexamine,hexaminum,hexasan,hexilmethylenamine,metenamina,metenamine,methamin,methamine,methenamin,methenaminum,metramine,naphthamine,pellurin,resotropin,uramin,urasal,uratrine,urisol,uritone,urodeine,urotropin,urotropine,vesaloin,xametrin" 3 "g" "NA"
"MET" 6087 "Meticillin" "Beta-lactams/penicillins" "J01CF03,QJ01CF03,QJ51CF03" "Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins" "Beta-lactamase resistant penicillins" "methic,meti" "belfacillin,celbenin,celpilline,cinopenil,dimocillin,estafcilina,flabelline,lucopenin,metacillin,methcillin,methicillin,methicillinanhydrous,methicillinhydrate,methicillinsalt,methicillinum,methycillin,meticilina,meticillina,meticilline,meticillinsalt,meticillinum,penaureus,penysol,staficyn,staphcillin,synticillin" 4 "g" "NA"
"MTP" 68590 "Metioprim" "Other antibacterials" "NA" "NA" "methioprim,metioprima,metioprime,metioprimum" "NA"
"MXT" 3047729 "Metioxate" "Fluoroquinolones" "NA" "NA" "metioxato,metioxatum" "NA"
"MTR" 4173 "Metronidazole" "Other antibacterials" "A01AB17,D06BX01,G01AF01,J01XD01,P01AB01,QA01AB17,QD06BX01,QG01AF01,QJ01XD01,QP51CA01" "Other antibacterials" "Imidazole derivatives" "metr,metron,mnz" "acromona,anagiardil,arilin,atrivyl,bexon,clont,danizol,deflamon,donnan,efloran,elyzol,entizol,eumin,flagemona,flagesol,flagil,flagyl,flazol,flegyl,florazole,fossyol,giatricol,gineflavir,givagil,hydroxydimetridazole,hydroxymetronidazole,izoklion,klion,klont,mepagyl,meronidal,metric,metrolag,metrolyl,metromidol,metronidazolo,metronidazolum,metroplex,metrotop,mexibol,monagyl,monasin,nalox,nidagyl,noritate,novonidazol,nuvessa,orvagil,polibiotic,protostat,rathimed,rosaced,rosased,sanatrichom,satric,takimetol,trichazol,trichex,trichobrol,trichocide,trichomol,trichopal,trichopol,tricocet,tricom,trikacide,trikamon,trikhopol,trikojol,trikozol,trimeks,trivazol,vagilen,vagimid,vandazole,vertisal,wagitran,zadstat,zidoval" 2 "g" 1.5 "g" "10991-8,18946-4,326-9,327-7,328-5,329-3,7031-8"
"MEZ" 656511 "Mezlocillin" "Beta-lactams/penicillins" "J01CA10,QJ01CA10" "Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins" "Penicillins with extended spectrum" "mez,mezl,mezlo,mz" "baycipen,baypen,mezlin,mezlocilina,mezlocilline,mezlocillinsalt,mezlocillinum,multocillin" 6 "g" "18947-2,330-1,331-9,332-7,333-5,3820-8,41702-2,54194-6,54195-3,54196-1"
"MSU" "Mezlocillin/sulbactam" "Beta-lactams/penicillins" "NA" "mezsul" "NA" "54194-6,54195-3,54196-1"
"MIF" 477468 "Micafungin" "Antifungals/antimycotics" "J02AX05,QJ02AX05" "Antimycotics for systemic use" "Other antimycotics for systemic use" "mica,micafu" "fungard,funguard,micafungina,micafunginsalt,mycamine" 0.1 "g" "53812-4,58418-5,65340-2,85048-7"
"MCZ" 4189 "Miconazole" "Antifungals/antimycotics" "A01AB09,A07AC01,D01AC02,G01AF04,J02AB01,QA01AB09,QA07AC01,QD01AC02,QG01AF04,QJ02AB01,QS02AA13,S02AA13" "Antimycotics for systemic use" "Imidazole derivatives" "mico" "aflorix,albistat,andergin,brentan,conofite,dactarin,florid,micantin,miconazol,miconazolo,miconazolum,micozole,minostate,monazole,monista,monistat,oravig,vusion,zimybase,zimycan" 0.2 "g" 1 "g" "17278-3,25607-3,25722-0,54180-5,55686-0"
"MTM" 6713928 "Metampicillin" "Penicillins,Beta-lactams" "J01CA14,QJ01CA14" "Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins" "Penicillins with extended spectrum" "NA" "blomopen,bonopen,celinmicina,elatocilline,filorex,magnipen,metambac,metampen,metampicilina,metampicillina,metampicilline,metampicillinsalt,metampicillinum,micinovo,ocelina,pangocilin,probiotic,relyothenate,ruticina,rutizina,sedomycin,serfabiotic,suvipen,viderpen,viderpin,vioplex" 1.5 "g" 1.5 "g" "NA"
"MTH" 4101 "Methenamine" "Other" "J01XX05,QJ01XX05" "Other antibacterials" "Other antibacterials" "NA" "aminoform,aminoformaldehyde,ammoform,ammonioformaldehyde,antihydral,carin,cystamin,cystex,cystogen,duirexol,esametilentetramina,formamine,formin,grasselerator,heterin,hexaform,hexaloids,hexamethylamine,hexamethylenamine,hexamethyleneamine,hexamethylentetramin,hexamine,hexaminum,hexasan,hexilmethylenamine,metenamina,metenamine,methamin,methamine,methenamin,methenaminum,metramine,naphthamine,pellurin,resotropin,uramin,urasal,uratrine,urisol,uritone,urodeine,urotropin,urotropine,vesaloin,xametrin" 3 "g" "NA"
"MET" 6087 "Meticillin" "Isoxazolylpenicillins,Penicillins,Beta-lactams" "J01CF03,QJ01CF03,QJ51CF03" "Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins" "Beta-lactamase resistant penicillins" "methic,meti" "belfacillin,celbenin,celpilline,cinopenil,dimocillin,estafcilina,flabelline,lucopenin,metacillin,methcillin,methicillin,methicillinanhydrous,methicillinhydrate,methicillinsalt,methicillinum,methycillin,meticilina,meticillina,meticilline,meticillinsalt,meticillinum,penaureus,penysol,staficyn,staphcillin,synticillin" 4 "g" "NA"
"MTP" 68590 "Metioprim" "Other" "NA" "NA" "methioprim,metioprima,metioprime,metioprimum" "NA"
"MXT" 3047729 "Metioxate" "Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones" "NA" "NA" "metioxato,metioxatum" "NA"
"MTR" 4173 "Metronidazole" "Other" "A01AB17,D06BX01,G01AF01,J01XD01,P01AB01,QA01AB17,QD06BX01,QG01AF01,QJ01XD01,QP51CA01" "Other antibacterials" "Imidazole derivatives" "metr,metron,mnz,mtz" "acromona,anagiardil,arilin,atrivyl,bexon,clont,danizol,deflamon,donnan,efloran,elyzol,entizol,eumin,flagemona,flagesol,flagil,flagyl,flazol,flegyl,florazole,fossyol,giatricol,gineflavir,givagil,hydroxydimetridazole,hydroxymetronidazole,izoklion,klion,klont,mepagyl,meronidal,metric,metrolag,metrolyl,metromidol,metronidazolo,metronidazolum,metroplex,metrotop,mexibol,monagyl,monasin,nalox,nidagyl,noritate,novonidazol,nuvessa,orvagil,polibiotic,protostat,rathimed,rosaced,rosased,sanatrichom,satric,takimetol,trichazol,trichex,trichobrol,trichocide,trichomol,trichopal,trichopol,tricocet,tricom,trikacide,trikamon,trikhopol,trikojol,trikozol,trimeks,trivazol,vagilen,vagimid,vandazole,vertisal,wagitran,zadstat,zidoval" 2 "g" 1.5 "g" "10991-8,18946-4,326-9,327-7,328-5,329-3,7031-8"
"MEZ" 656511 "Mezlocillin" "Ureidopenicillins,Penicillins,Beta-lactams" "J01CA10,QJ01CA10" "Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins" "Penicillins with extended spectrum" "mez,mezl,mezlo,mz" "baycipen,baypen,mezlin,mezlocilina,mezlocilline,mezlocillinsalt,mezlocillinum,multocillin" 6 "g" "18947-2,330-1,331-9,332-7,333-5,3820-8,41702-2,54194-6,54195-3,54196-1"
"MSU" "Mezlocillin/sulbactam" "Penicillins,Beta-lactams,Beta-lactamase inhibitors" "NA" "mezsul" "NA" "54194-6,54195-3,54196-1"
"MIF" 477468 "Micafungin" "Antifungals" "J02AX05,QJ02AX05" "Antimycotics for systemic use" "Other antimycotics for systemic use" "mica,micafu" "fungard,funguard,micafungina,micafunginsalt,mycamine" 0.1 "g" "53812-4,58418-5,65340-2,85048-7"
"MCZ" 4189 "Miconazole" "Antifungals" "A01AB09,A07AC01,D01AC02,G01AF04,J02AB01,QA01AB09,QA07AC01,QD01AC02,QG01AF04,QJ02AB01,QS02AA13,S02AA13" "Antimycotics for systemic use" "Imidazole derivatives" "mico" "aflorix,albistat,andergin,brentan,conofite,dactarin,florid,micantin,miconazol,miconazolo,miconazolum,micozole,minostate,monazole,monista,monistat,oravig,vusion,zimybase,zimycan" 0.2 "g" 1 "g" "17278-3,25607-3,25722-0,54180-5,55686-0"
"MCR" 3037206 "Micronomicin" "Aminoglycosides" "QS01AA22,S01AA22" "micron" "micromicin,micromycin,micronomicina,micronomicine,micronomicinum,sagamicin,santemycin" "NA"
"MID" 5282169 "Midecamycin" "Macrolides/lincosamides" "J01FA03,QJ01FA03" "Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins" "Macrolides" "mideka" "macropen,madecacine,medemycin,midecamicina,midecamycine,midecamycinum,midecin,momicine,myoxam,normicina,rubimycin" 1.2 "g" 1 "g" "NA"
"MIL" 37614 "Miloxacin" "Fluoroquinolones" "NA" "amiflo" "miloxacine,miloxacino,miloxacinum" "NA"
"MID" 5282169 "Midecamycin" "Macrolides" "J01FA03,QJ01FA03" "Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins" "Macrolides" "mideka" "macropen,madecacine,medemycin,midecamicina,midecamycine,midecamycinum,midecin,momicine,myoxam,normicina,rubimycin" 1.2 "g" 1 "g" "NA"
"MIL" 37614 "Miloxacin" "Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones" "NA" "amiflo" "miloxacine,miloxacino,miloxacinum" "NA"
"MNO" 54675783 "Minocycline" "Tetracyclines" "A01AB23,D10AF07,J01AA08,QA01AB23,QD10AF07,QJ01AA08" "Tetracyclines" "Tetracyclines" "mc,mh,mi,min,mino,minocy,mn,mno" "acnez,arestin,borymycin,dynacin,lederderm,minociclina,minocin,minocline,minocyclin,minocyclinum,minocyn,minomax,minomycin,mynocine,periocline,solodyn,vectrin,ximino" 1 "mg" 0.2 "g" "18948-0,25225-4,334-3,335-0,336-8,337-6,34606-4,3822-4,49757-8,55156-4,7032-6"
"MCM" 5282188 "Miocamycin" "Macrolides/lincosamides" "J01FA11,QJ01FA11" "Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins" "Macrolides" "NA" "acecamycin,macroral,miocamen,miocamycine,miokamycin,mosil,myocamicin,ponsinomycin" 1.2 "g" "18949-8,338-4,339-2,340-0,341-8,55687-8"
"MON" 23667299 "Monensin sodium" "Other antibacterials" "NA" "NA" "coban,elancoban,monelan,monensin,monensina,monensine,monensinum,monovet,romensin,rumensin" "NA"
"MCM" 5282188 "Miocamycin" "Macrolides" "J01FA11,QJ01FA11" "Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins" "Macrolides" "NA" "acecamycin,macroral,miocamen,miocamycine,miokamycin,mosil,myocamicin,ponsinomycin" 1.2 "g" "18949-8,338-4,339-2,340-0,341-8,55687-8"
"MON" 23667299 "Monensin sodium" "Other" "NA" "NA" "coban,elancoban,monelan,monensin,monensina,monensine,monensinum,monovet,romensin,rumensin" "NA"
"MRN" 70374 "Morinamide" "Antimycobacterials" "J04AK04,QJ04AK04" "Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis" "Other drugs for treatment of tuberculosis" "NA" "morfazinamide,morfazinammide,morfgazinamide,morinamida,morinamidum,morphazinamid,morphazinamide,piazofolina,piazolin,piazolina" "NA"
"MFX" 152946 "Moxifloxacin" "Fluoroquinolones" "J01MA14,QJ01MA14,QS01AE07,S01AE07" "Quinolone antibacterials" "Fluoroquinolones" "mox,moxi,moxifl,mxf" "actira,actura,avalox,avelox,avolex,izilox,moxeza,moxifloxacine,moxifloxacino,octegra,vegamox,vigamox,zimoxin" 0.4 "g" 0.4 "g" "31037-5,31039-1,31041-7,31043-3,41502-6,43751-7,45223-5,76043-9,76044-7,76045-4,80540-8,88707-5,93497-6,96112-8"
"MUP" 446596 "Mupirocin" "Other antibacterials" "D06AX09,QD06AX09,QR01AX06,R01AX06" "mup,mupi,mupiro" "bactoderm,bactroban,centany,mupirocina,mupirocine,mupirocinum,plasimine,turixin" "20389-3,35822-6,35823-4,60542-8,60543-6,7033-4"
"NAC" 73386748 "Nacubactam" "Beta-lactams/penicillins" "NA" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"NAD" 4410 "Nadifloxacin" "Fluoroquinolones" "D10AF05,QD10AF05" "NA" "acuatim,nadifloxacine,nadifloxacino,nadifloxacinum,nadixa,nadoxin" "NA"
"NAF" 8982 "Nafcillin" "Beta-lactams/penicillins" "J01CF06,QJ01CF06" "nafcil" "nafcil,nafcilin,nafcilina,nafcillinanhydrous,nafcilline,nafcillinhydrate,nafcillinmonohydrate,nafcillinsalt,nafcillinum,naftopen,nallpen,naphcillin,naphthicillin,unipen" 3 "g" "10993-4,18951-4,25232-0,346-7,347-5,348-3,349-1,41704-8"
"ZWK" 117587595 "Nafithromycin" "Macrolides/lincosamides" "NA" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"MFX" 152946 "Moxifloxacin" "Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones" "J01MA14,QJ01MA14,QS01AE07,S01AE07" "Quinolone antibacterials" "Fluoroquinolones" "mox,moxi,moxifl,mxf" "actira,actura,avalox,avelox,avolex,izilox,moxeza,moxifloxacine,moxifloxacino,octegra,vegamox,vigamox,zimoxin" 0.4 "g" 0.4 "g" "31037-5,31039-1,31041-7,31043-3,41502-6,43751-7,45223-5,76043-9,76044-7,76045-4,80540-8,88707-5,93497-6,96112-8"
"MUP" 446596 "Mupirocin" "Other" "D06AX09,QD06AX09,QR01AX06,R01AX06" "mup,mupi,mupiro" "bactoderm,bactroban,centany,mupirocina,mupirocine,mupirocinum,plasimine,turixin" "20389-3,35822-6,35823-4,60542-8,60543-6,7033-4"
"NAC" 73386748 "Nacubactam" "Beta-lactamase inhibitors" "NA" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"NAD" 4410 "Nadifloxacin" "Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones" "D10AF05,QD10AF05" "NA" "acuatim,nadifloxacine,nadifloxacino,nadifloxacinum,nadixa,nadoxin" "NA"
"NAF" 8982 "Nafcillin" "Penicillins,Beta-lactams" "J01CF06,QJ01CF06" "nafcil" "nafcil,nafcilin,nafcilina,nafcillinanhydrous,nafcilline,nafcillinhydrate,nafcillinmonohydrate,nafcillinsalt,nafcillinum,naftopen,nallpen,naphcillin,naphthicillin,unipen" 3 "g" "10993-4,18951-4,25232-0,346-7,347-5,348-3,349-1,41704-8"
"ZWK" 117587595 "Nafithromycin" "Macrolides" "NA" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"NAL" 4421 "Nalidixic acid" "Quinolones" "J01MB02,QJ01MB02" "Quinolone antibacterials" "Other quinolones" "na,nal,nalac,nali" "amfonelinsaeure,baktogram,betaxina,chemiurin,cybis,dixiben,dixilina,dixinal,eucisten,eucistin,innoxalomn,innoxalon,jicsron,kusnarin,nalidicron,nalidixan,nalidixane,nalidixate,nalidixateanhydrous,nalidixic,nalidixin,nalidixinsaure,nalitucsan,nalix,nalurin,narigix,naxuril,negram,nevigramon,nicelate,nogram,poleon,sicmylon,specifen,specifin,unaserus,uralgin,uriben,uriclar,urisal,urodixin,uroman,uroneg,uronidix,uropan,wintomylon,wintron" 4 "g" "NA"
"NAL-S" "Nalidixic acid screening test" "Quinolones" "NA" "nal screen" "NA" "NA"
"NAR" 65452 "Narasin" "Other antibacterials" "QP51BB04" "narasi" "monteban,narasine,narasino,narasinum,skycis" "87570-8"
"NEM" 11993740 "Nemonoxacin" "Fluoroquinolones" "J01MB08,QJ01MB08" "Quinolone antibacterials" "Other quinolones" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"NAR" 65452 "Narasin" "Other" "QP51BB04" "narasi" "monteban,narasine,narasino,narasinum,skycis" "87570-8"
"NEM" 11993740 "Nemonoxacin" "Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones" "J01MB08,QJ01MB08" "Quinolone antibacterials" "Other quinolones" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"NEO" 8378 "Neomycin" "Aminoglycosides" "A01AB08,A07AA01,B05CA09,D06AX04,J01GB05,QA01AB08,QA07AA01,QB05CA09,QD06AX04,QJ01GB05,QR02AB01,QS01AA03,QS02AA07,QS03AA01,R02AB01,S01AA03,S02AA07,S03AA01" "Aminoglycoside antibacterials" "Other aminoglycosides" "neom,neomyc" "NA" 5 "g" 1 "g" "10995-9,18953-0,25262-7,354-1,355-8,356-6,357-4,41705-5"
"NET" 441306 "Netilmicin" "Aminoglycosides" "J01GB07,QJ01GB07,QS01AA23,S01AA23" "Aminoglycoside antibacterials" "Other aminoglycosides" "neti,netilm" "netillin,netilmicina,netilmicine,netilmicinum,netilyn,netira,netromicine,netromycin,nettacin,ntromicine,ntromycin,vectacin,zetamicin" 0.35 "g" 0.35 "g" "18954-8,25263-5,358-2,359-0,360-8,361-6,3848-9,3849-7,3850-5,47385-0,59565-2,59566-0,59567-8,7035-9"
"NIC" 9507 "Nicarbazin" "Other antibacterials" "NA" "NA" "nicarb,nicarbasin,nicarbazine,nicarmix,nicoxin,nicrazin,nicrazine,nirazin" "NA"
"NIF" 71946 "Nifuroquine" "Fluoroquinolones" "NA" "NA" "abimasten,nifuroquina,nifuroquinum,quinaldofur" "NA"
"NFR" 9571062 "Nifurtoinol" "Other antibacterials" "J01XE02,QJ01XE02" "Other antibacterials" "Nitrofuran derivatives" "NA" "levantin,nifurmazol,nifurmazole,nifurmazolo,nifurmazolum,nifurtoinolo,nifurtoinolum,urfadin,urfadine,urfadyn" 0.16 "g" "NA"
"NTZ" 41684 "Nitazoxanide" "Other antibacterials" "P01AX11" "NA" "alinia,benzamide,colufase,cryptaz,daxon,dexidex,heliton,kidonax,nitax,nitaxozanid,nitaxozanide,nitazox,nitazoxamide,nitazoxanid,nitazoxanida,nitazoxanidum,nitrazoxanide,pacovanton,paramix,phavic" 1 "g" "73595-1,73617-3,73640-5"
"NIT" 6604200 "Nitrofurantoin" "Other antibacterials" "J01XE01,QJ01XE01" "Other antibacterials" "Nitrofuran derivatives" "f,f/m,fd,ft,ni,nit,nit16,nitr,nitro" "alfuran,benkfuran,berkfuran,berkfurin,ceduran,chemiofuran,cistofuran,cyantin,cystit,dantafur,fuamed,furabid,furachel,furadantin,furadantine,furadantoin,furadoin,furadoine,furadonin,furadonine,furadoninum,furadontin,furalan,furaloid,furantoina,furatoin,furedan,furina,furobactina,furodantin,gerofuran,ituran,macpac,macrobid,macrodantin,macrodantina,macrofuran,macrofurin,nierofu,nifuraden,nifuradene,nifuradeno,nifuradenum,nifuradine,nifurantin,nifuretten,nitoin,nitrex,nitrofuradantin,nitrofurantoina,nitrofurantoine,nitrofurantoinum,novofuran,orafuran,oxafuradene,oxafurandene,oxifuradene,oxyfuradene,parfuran,phenurin,renafur,siraliden,trantoin,uerineks,urizept,urodin,urofuran,urofurin,urolisa,urolong,uvamin,welfurin,zoofurin" 0.2 "g" "18955-5,362-4,363-2,364-0,365-7,3860-4,7036-7"
"NIZ" 5447130 "Nitrofurazone" "Other antibacterials" "NA" "nitfur" "acutol,aldomycin,alfucin,amifur,babrocid,becafurazone,biofuracina,biofurea,chemofuran,chixin,cocafurin,coxistat,dermofural,dymazone,dynazone,eldezol,fedacin,flavazone,fracine,furacilin,furacilinum,furacillin,furacin,furacine,furacinetten,furacoccid,furacort,furacycline,furaderm,furagent,furalcyn,furaldon,furalone,furametral,furaplast,furaseptyl,furaskin,furatsilin,furaziline,furazin,furazina,furazyme,furesol,furosem,fuvacillin,hemofuran,hydrazinecarboxamide,ibiofural,mammex,mastofuran,monafuracin,monafuracis,monofuracin,nefco,nifucin,nifurid,nifuzon,nitrofural,nitrofuralum,nitrofuran,nitrofurane,nitrofurazan,nitrofurazonum,nitrofurol,nitrozone,otofural,otofuran,rivafurazon,rivopon,sanfuran,semioxamazide,vabrocid,vadrocid,yatrocin" "20388-5,87793-6"
"NTR" 19910 "Nitroxoline" "Fluoroquinolones" "J01XX07,QJ01XX07" "Other antibacterials" "Other antibacterials" "NA" "galinok,isinok,nibiol,nicene,nitroxlina,nitroxolin,nitroxolina,nitroxolinum,noxibiol,noxin" 1 "g" "25608-1,25723-8,32382-4,54181-3,55688-6"
"NOR" 4539 "Norfloxacin" "Fluoroquinolones" "J01MA06,QJ01MA06,QS01AE02,S01AE02" "Quinolone antibacterials" "Fluoroquinolones" "nor,norf,norflo,nx,nxn" "baccidal,barazan,chibroxin,chibroxine,chibroxol,fulgram,gonorcin,lexinor,nolicin,noracin,noraxin,norflo,norfloxacine,norfloxacino,norfloxacinum,norocin,noroxin,noroxine,norxacin,sebercim,uroxacin,utinor,zoroxin" 0.8 "g" "18956-3,366-5,367-3,368-1,369-9,3867-9,41504-2,7037-5"
"NOR-S" "Norfloxacin screening test" "Fluoroquinolones" "NA" "nor screen" "NA" "NA"
"NME" "Norfloxacin/metronidazole" "Fluoroquinolones" "J01RA14,QJ01RA14" "Combinations of antibacterials" "Combinations of antibacterials" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"NTI" "Norfloxacin/tinidazole" "Fluoroquinolones" "J01RA13,QJ01RA13" "Combinations of antibacterials" "Combinations of antibacterials" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"NIC" 9507 "Nicarbazin" "Other" "NA" "NA" "nicarb,nicarbasin,nicarbazine,nicarmix,nicoxin,nicrazin,nicrazine,nirazin" "NA"
"NIF" 71946 "Nifuroquine" "Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones" "NA" "NA" "abimasten,nifuroquina,nifuroquinum,quinaldofur" "NA"
"NFR" 9571062 "Nifurtoinol" "Nitrofurans" "J01XE02,QJ01XE02" "Other antibacterials" "Nitrofuran derivatives" "NA" "levantin,nifurmazol,nifurmazole,nifurmazolo,nifurmazolum,nifurtoinolo,nifurtoinolum,urfadin,urfadine,urfadyn" 0.16 "g" "NA"
"NTZ" 41684 "Nitazoxanide" "Other" "P01AX11" "NA" "alinia,benzamide,colufase,cryptaz,daxon,dexidex,heliton,kidonax,nitax,nitaxozanid,nitaxozanide,nitazox,nitazoxamide,nitazoxanid,nitazoxanida,nitazoxanidum,nitrazoxanide,pacovanton,paramix,phavic" 1 "g" "73595-1,73617-3,73640-5"
"NIT" 6604200 "Nitrofurantoin" "Nitrofurans" "J01XE01,QJ01XE01" "Other antibacterials" "Nitrofuran derivatives" "f,f/m,fd,ft,ni,nit,nit16,nitr,nitro" "alfuran,benkfuran,berkfuran,berkfurin,ceduran,chemiofuran,cistofuran,cyantin,cystit,dantafur,fuamed,furabid,furachel,furadantin,furadantine,furadantoin,furadoin,furadoine,furadonin,furadonine,furadoninum,furadontin,furalan,furaloid,furantoina,furatoin,furedan,furina,furobactina,furodantin,gerofuran,ituran,macpac,macrobid,macrodantin,macrodantina,macrofuran,macrofurin,nierofu,nifuraden,nifuradene,nifuradeno,nifuradenum,nifuradine,nifurantin,nifuretten,nitoin,nitrex,nitrofuradantin,nitrofurantoina,nitrofurantoine,nitrofurantoinum,novofuran,orafuran,oxafuradene,oxafurandene,oxifuradene,oxyfuradene,parfuran,phenurin,renafur,siraliden,trantoin,uerineks,urizept,urodin,urofuran,urofurin,urolisa,urolong,uvamin,welfurin,zoofurin" 0.2 "g" "18955-5,362-4,363-2,364-0,365-7,3860-4,7036-7"
"NIZ" 5447130 "Nitrofurazone" "Nitrofurans" "NA" "nitfur" "acutol,aldomycin,alfucin,amifur,babrocid,becafurazone,biofuracina,biofurea,chemofuran,chixin,cocafurin,coxistat,dermofural,dymazone,dynazone,eldezol,fedacin,flavazone,fracine,furacilin,furacilinum,furacillin,furacin,furacine,furacinetten,furacoccid,furacort,furacycline,furaderm,furagent,furalcyn,furaldon,furalone,furametral,furaplast,furaseptyl,furaskin,furatsilin,furaziline,furazin,furazina,furazyme,furesol,furosem,fuvacillin,hemofuran,hydrazinecarboxamide,ibiofural,mammex,mastofuran,monafuracin,monafuracis,monofuracin,nefco,nifucin,nifurid,nifuzon,nitrofural,nitrofuralum,nitrofuran,nitrofurane,nitrofurazan,nitrofurazonum,nitrofurol,nitrozone,otofural,otofuran,rivafurazon,rivopon,sanfuran,semioxamazide,vabrocid,vadrocid,yatrocin" "20388-5,87793-6"
"NTR" 19910 "Nitroxoline" "Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones" "J01XX07,QJ01XX07" "Other antibacterials" "Other antibacterials" "NA" "galinok,isinok,nibiol,nicene,nitroxlina,nitroxolin,nitroxolina,nitroxolinum,noxibiol,noxin" 1 "g" "25608-1,25723-8,32382-4,54181-3,55688-6"
"NOR" 4539 "Norfloxacin" "Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones" "J01MA06,QJ01MA06,QS01AE02,S01AE02" "Quinolone antibacterials" "Fluoroquinolones" "nor,norf,norflo,nx,nxn" "baccidal,barazan,chibroxin,chibroxine,chibroxol,fulgram,gonorcin,lexinor,nolicin,noracin,noraxin,norflo,norfloxacine,norfloxacino,norfloxacinum,norocin,noroxin,noroxine,norxacin,sebercim,uroxacin,utinor,zoroxin" 0.8 "g" "18956-3,366-5,367-3,368-1,369-9,3867-9,41504-2,7037-5"
"NOR-S" "Norfloxacin screening test" "Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones" "NA" "nor screen" "NA" "NA"
"NME" "Norfloxacin/metronidazole" "Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones" "J01RA14,QJ01RA14" "Combinations of antibacterials" "Combinations of antibacterials" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"NTI" "Norfloxacin/tinidazole" "Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones" "J01RA13,QJ01RA13" "Combinations of antibacterials" "Combinations of antibacterials" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"NVA" 10419027 "Norvancomycin" "Glycopeptides" "NA" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"NOV" 54675769 "Novobiocin" "Other antibacterials" "QJ01XX95" "novo,novobi" "albadry,albamix,albamycin,biotexin,cardelmycin,cardelmycinsalt,cathocin,cathomycin,inabiocin,novobiocina,novobiocine,novobiocinsalt,novobiocinum,robiocina,sirbiocina,spheromycin,stilbiocina,streptonivicin,streptonivicinsalt,vulcamicina,vulcamycin,vulkamycin" "17378-1,18957-1,370-7,371-5,372-3,373-1,41706-3"
"NYS" 6433272 "Nystatin" "Antifungals/antimycotics" "A07AA02,D01AA01,G01AA01,QA07AA02,QD01AA01,QG01AA01" "nyst,nystan" "biofanal,diastatin,herniocid,moronal,myconystatin,mycostatin,mykostatyna,nilstat,nistatin,nistatina,nyotran,nystan,nystatyna,nystavescent,nystex" 1.5 "MU" "10697-1,10698-9,18958-9,35824-2,55689-4"
"OFX" 4583 "Ofloxacin" "Fluoroquinolones" "J01MA01,QJ01MA01,QS01AE01,QS02AA16,S01AE01,S02AA16" "Quinolone antibacterials" "Fluoroquinolones" "of,ofl,oflo,ofloxa,ofx" "exocin,exocine,flobacin,floxil,floxin,monoflocet,oflocet,ofloxacina,ofloxacine,ofloxacino,ofloxacinum,ofloxaxin,oxaldin,tarivid,visiren,zanocin" 0.4 "g" 0.4 "g" "18959-7,20384-4,23948-3,25264-3,374-9,375-6,376-4,377-2,3877-8,41408-6,41409-4,41410-2,42653-6,7038-3,72168-8"
"OOR" "Ofloxacin/ornidazole" "Fluoroquinolones" "J01RA09,QJ01RA09" "Combinations of antibacterials" "Combinations of antibacterials" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"OLE" 72493 "Oleandomycin" "Macrolides/lincosamides" "J01FA05,QJ01FA05" "Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins" "Macrolides" "oleand" "amimycin,landomycin,matromycin,oleandomicina,oleandomycine,oleandomycinum,romicil" 1 "g" "18960-5,378-0,379-8,380-6,381-4,55690-2"
"NOV" 54675769 "Novobiocin" "Other" "QJ01XX95" "novo,novobi" "albadry,albamix,albamycin,biotexin,cardelmycin,cardelmycinsalt,cathocin,cathomycin,inabiocin,novobiocina,novobiocine,novobiocinsalt,novobiocinum,robiocina,sirbiocina,spheromycin,stilbiocina,streptonivicin,streptonivicinsalt,vulcamicina,vulcamycin,vulkamycin" "17378-1,18957-1,370-7,371-5,372-3,373-1,41706-3"
"NYS" 6433272 "Nystatin" "Antifungals" "A07AA02,D01AA01,G01AA01,QA07AA02,QD01AA01,QG01AA01" "nyst,nystan" "biofanal,diastatin,herniocid,moronal,myconystatin,mycostatin,mykostatyna,nilstat,nistatin,nistatina,nyotran,nystan,nystatyna,nystavescent,nystex" 1.5 "MU" "10697-1,10698-9,18958-9,35824-2,55689-4"
"OFX" 4583 "Ofloxacin" "Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones" "J01MA01,QJ01MA01,QS01AE01,QS02AA16,S01AE01,S02AA16" "Quinolone antibacterials" "Fluoroquinolones" "of,ofl,oflo,ofloxa,ofx" "exocin,exocine,flobacin,floxil,floxin,monoflocet,oflocet,ofloxacina,ofloxacine,ofloxacino,ofloxacinum,ofloxaxin,oxaldin,tarivid,visiren,zanocin" 0.4 "g" 0.4 "g" "18959-7,20384-4,23948-3,25264-3,374-9,375-6,376-4,377-2,3877-8,41408-6,41409-4,41410-2,42653-6,7038-3,72168-8"
"OOR" "Ofloxacin/ornidazole" "Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones" "J01RA09,QJ01RA09" "Combinations of antibacterials" "Combinations of antibacterials" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"OLE" 72493 "Oleandomycin" "Macrolides" "J01FA05,QJ01FA05" "Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins" "Macrolides" "oleand" "amimycin,landomycin,matromycin,oleandomicina,oleandomycine,oleandomycinum,romicil" 1 "g" "18960-5,378-0,379-8,380-6,381-4,55690-2"
"OMC" 54697325 "Omadacycline" "Tetracyclines" "J01AA15,QJ01AA15" "NA" "amadacycline" 0.3 "g" 0.1 "g" "73594-4,73616-5,73639-7"
"OPT" 87880 "Optochin" "Other antibacterials" "NA" "NA" "aflukin,auriquin,biquinate,chinidin,chinidine,chinimetten,chinin,chinine,conchinin,conchinine,conquinine,dentojel,dihydrochinidin,dihydroquinidine,dihydroquinine,hydroconchinine,hydroconquinine,hydroquinidine,kinidin,numoquin,optochine,optoquine,pitayine,qualaquin,quinaglute,quinicardine,quinidex,quinidine,quiniduran,quinindine,quinine,quinineanhydrous,quinora,quinsan,rezquin" "100055-3,73665-2"
"ORB" 60605 "Orbifloxacin" "Fluoroquinolones" "QJ01MA95" "orbifl" "orbax" "35825-9,35826-7,35827-5"
"ORI" 16136912 "Oritavancin" "Glycopeptides" "J01XA05,QJ01XA05" "Other antibacterials" "Glycopeptide antibacterials" "orit,oritav" "NA" "41707-1,41708-9,41709-7,41736-0"
"ORS" "Ormetroprim/sulfamethoxazole" "Other antibacterials" "NA" "NA" "NA" "73593-6,73615-7,73638-9"
"ORN" 28061 "Ornidazole" "Other antibacterials" "G01AF06,J01XD03,P01AB03,QG01AF06,QJ01XD03,QP51AA03" "Other antibacterials" "Imidazole derivatives" "NA" "levornidazole,madelen,ornidal,ornidazolum,tiberal" 1.5 "g" 1 "g" "55691-0,55692-8,55693-6,55694-4"
"OTE" 77050711 "Oteseconazole" "Antifungals/antimycotics" "J02AC06,QJ02AC06" "Antimycotics for systemic use" "Triazole derivatives" "NA" "quilseconazole,vivijoa" 21 "mg" "NA"
"OXA" 6196 "Oxacillin" "Beta-lactams/penicillins" "J01CF04,QJ01CF04,QJ51CF04" "Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins" "Beta-lactamase resistant penicillins" "ox,oxa,oxac,oxacil,oxal,oxs" "bactocill,bristopen,cryptocillin,micropenin,ossacillina,oxabel,oxabelsalt,oxacilina,oxacillinanhydrous,oxacilline,oxacillinhydrate,oxacillinsalt,oxacillinum,oxazocillin,oxazocilline,penstapho,prostaphlin,prostaphlyn,resistopen,stapenor" 2 "g" 2 "g" "18961-3,25265-0,382-2,383-0,384-8,385-5,3882-8,7039-1"
"OXA-S" "Oxacillin screening test" "Beta-lactams/penicillins" "NA" "oxa screen" "NA" "NA"
"OPT" 87880 "Optochin" "Other" "NA" "NA" "aflukin,auriquin,biquinate,chinidin,chinidine,chinimetten,chinin,chinine,conchinin,conchinine,conquinine,dentojel,dihydrochinidin,dihydroquinidine,dihydroquinine,hydroconchinine,hydroconquinine,hydroquinidine,kinidin,numoquin,optochine,optoquine,pitayine,qualaquin,quinaglute,quinicardine,quinidex,quinidine,quiniduran,quinindine,quinine,quinineanhydrous,quinora,quinsan,rezquin" "100055-3,73665-2"
"ORB" 60605 "Orbifloxacin" "Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones" "QJ01MA95" "orbifl" "orbax" "35825-9,35826-7,35827-5"
"ORI" 16136912 "Oritavancin" "Lipoglycopeptides,Glycopeptides" "J01XA05,QJ01XA05" "Other antibacterials" "Glycopeptide antibacterials" "orit,oritav" "NA" "41707-1,41708-9,41709-7,41736-0"
"ORS" "Ormetroprim/sulfamethoxazole" "Other" "NA" "NA" "NA" "73593-6,73615-7,73638-9"
"ORN" 28061 "Ornidazole" "Other" "G01AF06,J01XD03,P01AB03,QG01AF06,QJ01XD03,QP51AA03" "Other antibacterials" "Imidazole derivatives" "NA" "levornidazole,madelen,ornidal,ornidazolum,tiberal" 1.5 "g" 1 "g" "55691-0,55692-8,55693-6,55694-4"
"OTE" 77050711 "Oteseconazole" "Antifungals" "J02AC06,QJ02AC06" "Antimycotics for systemic use" "Triazole derivatives" "NA" "quilseconazole,vivijoa" 21 "mg" "NA"
"OXA" 6196 "Oxacillin" "Isoxazolylpenicillins,Penicillins,Beta-lactams" "J01CF04,QJ01CF04,QJ51CF04" "Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins" "Beta-lactamase resistant penicillins" "ox,oxa,oxac,oxacil,oxal,oxs" "bactocill,bristopen,cryptocillin,micropenin,ossacillina,oxabel,oxabelsalt,oxacilina,oxacillinanhydrous,oxacilline,oxacillinhydrate,oxacillinsalt,oxacillinum,oxazocillin,oxazocilline,penstapho,prostaphlin,prostaphlyn,resistopen,stapenor" 2 "g" 2 "g" "18961-3,25265-0,382-2,383-0,384-8,385-5,3882-8,7039-1"
"OXA-S" "Oxacillin screening test" "Isoxazolylpenicillins,Penicillins,Beta-lactams" "NA" "oxa screen" "NA" "NA"
"OXO" 4628 "Oxolinic acid" "Quinolones" "J01MB05,QJ01MB05" "Quinolone antibacterials" "Other quinolones" "oxoaci" "aqualinic,cistopax,dioxacin,emyrenil,gramurin,inoxyl,nidantin,oksaren,orthurine,ossian,oxoboi,oxolinic,pietil,prodoxal,prodoxol,starner,tiurasin,ultibid,urinox,uritrate,urotrate,uroxol,utibid" 1 "g" "NA"
"OXY" 54675779 "Oxytetracycline" "Tetracyclines" "A01AB25,D06AA03,G01AA07,J01AA06,QA01AB25,QD06AA03,QG01AA07,QG51AA01,QJ01AA06,QJ51AA06,QS01AA04,S01AA04" "Tetracyclines" "Tetracyclines" "oxytet" "achromycin,actisite,adamycin,artomycin,berkmycen,biostat,bristacycline,cancycline,cyclopar,dabicycline,diacycine,dumocyclin,embryostat,fanterrin,galsenomycin,geomycin,geotilin,hostacycline,hydroxytetracyclinum,lenocycline,macocyn,medamycin,mephacyclin,nitox,oksisyklin,ossitetraciclina,oxitetraciclina,oxitetracyclin,oxitetracycline,oxitetracyclinum,oxymycin,oxypam,oxyterracin,oxyterracine,oxyterracyne,oxytetracid,oxytetracyclin,oxytetracyclinum,paltet,partrex,pennox,piracaps,proteroxyna,qidtet,quadracycline,quatrex,remicyclin,retet,ricycline,riomitsin,ryomycin,solkaciclina,stevacin,stilciclina,subamycin,sumycin,supramycin,sustamycin,tarocyn,tarosin,tefilin,teline,telotrex,teravit,terrafungine,terramitsin,terramycine,tetrabakat,tetrabid,tetrablet,tetracaps,tetracompren,tetrakap,tetralution,tetramavan,tetramed,tetran,tetrosol,topicycline,triphacyclin,unicin,ursocyclin,ursocycline,vetquamycin" 1 "g" 1 "g" "17396-3,18962-1,25266-8,386-3,387-1,388-9,389-7,55699-3,87595-5"
"OZN" "Ozenoxacin" "D06AX14,QD06AX14" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"OZN" "Ozenoxacin" "Quinolones" "D06AX14,QD06AX14" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"PAS" 4649 "P-aminosalicylic acid" "Antimycobacterials" "NA" "pasraa" "NA" "NA"
"PAN" 72015 "Panipenem" "Carbapenems" "NA" "NA" "carbenin,panipenemum,penipanem" "100056-1,53823-1"
"PAR" 165580 "Paromomycin" "Other antibacterials" "A07AA06,QA07AA06,QJ01GB92" "NA" "aminosidin,amminosidin,crestomycin,estomycin,gabbromycin,gabromycin,humatin,humycin,hydroxymycin,monomycin,paramomycin,paromomicina,paromomycine,paromomycinum,paucimycin,paucimycinum" 3 "g" "51719-3,53824-9,55700-9,55701-7,55702-5"
"PAZ" 65957 "Pazufloxacin" "Fluoroquinolones" "J01MA18,QJ01MA18" "Quinolone antibacterials" "Fluoroquinolones" "NA" "pazufloxacine,pazufloxacino,pazufloxacinum" 1 "g" "NA"
"PEF" 51081 "Pefloxacin" "Fluoroquinolones" "J01MA03,QJ01MA03" "Quinolone antibacterials" "Fluoroquinolones" "pefl,perflo" "labocton,pefbid,pefloxacine,pefloxacinium,pefloxacino,pefloxacinum,pefocin,pefran,pelox" 0.8 "g" 0.8 "g" "18963-9,35828-3,390-5,3906-5,7040-9"
"PEF-S" "Pefloxacin screening test" "Fluoroquinolones" "NA" "pef screen" "NA" "NA"
"PNM" 10250769 "Penamecillin" "Beta-lactams/penicillins" "J01CE06,QJ01CE06" "Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins" "Beta-lactamase sensitive penicillins" "NA" "havapen,hydroxymethyl,penamecilina,penamecillina,penamecilline,penamecillinum" 1.05 "g" "NA"
"PNO" "Penicillin/novobiocin" "Beta-lactams/penicillins" "NA" "pennov" "NA" "35872-1,35873-9,35874-7"
"PSU" "Penicillin/sulbactam" "Beta-lactams/penicillins" "NA" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"PAN" 72015 "Panipenem" "Carbapenems,Beta-lactams" "NA" "NA" "carbenin,panipenemum,penipanem" "100056-1,53823-1"
"PAR" 165580 "Paromomycin" "Other" "A07AA06,QA07AA06,QJ01GB92" "NA" "aminosidin,amminosidin,crestomycin,estomycin,gabbromycin,gabromycin,humatin,humycin,hydroxymycin,monomycin,paramomycin,paromomicina,paromomycine,paromomycinum,paucimycin,paucimycinum" 3 "g" "51719-3,53824-9,55700-9,55701-7,55702-5"
"PAZ" 65957 "Pazufloxacin" "Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones" "J01MA18,QJ01MA18" "Quinolone antibacterials" "Fluoroquinolones" "NA" "pazufloxacine,pazufloxacino,pazufloxacinum" 1 "g" "NA"
"PEF" 51081 "Pefloxacin" "Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones" "J01MA03,QJ01MA03" "Quinolone antibacterials" "Fluoroquinolones" "pefl,perflo" "labocton,pefbid,pefloxacine,pefloxacinium,pefloxacino,pefloxacinum,pefocin,pefran,pelox" 0.8 "g" 0.8 "g" "18963-9,35828-3,390-5,3906-5,7040-9"
"PEF-S" "Pefloxacin screening test" "Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones" "NA" "pef screen" "NA" "NA"
"PNM" 10250769 "Penamecillin" "Penicillins,Beta-lactams" "J01CE06,QJ01CE06" "Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins" "Beta-lactamase sensitive penicillins" "NA" "havapen,hydroxymethyl,penamecilina,penamecillina,penamecilline,penamecillinum" 1.05 "g" "NA"
"PNO" "Penicillin/novobiocin" "Penicillins,Beta-lactams" "NA" "pennov" "NA" "35872-1,35873-9,35874-7"
"PSU" "Penicillin/sulbactam" "Penicillins,Beta-lactams,Beta-lactamase inhibitors" "NA" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"PNM1" 54686187 "Penimepicycline" "Tetracyclines" "J01AA10,QJ01AA10" "Tetracyclines" "Tetracyclines" "NA" "criseocil,duamine,geotricyn,hydrocycline,penetracyne,penimepiciclina,penimepicyclinum" "NA"
"PIM" 65453 "Pentisomicin" "Aminoglycosides" "NA" "NA" "mutamicin,mutamycin,pentisomicina,pentisomicine,pentisomicinum" "NA"
"PTZ" 55250256 "Pentizidone" "Other antibacterials" "NA" "NA" "pentizidona,pentizidonum" "NA"
"PEX" 16132253 "Pexiganan" "Other antibacterials" "NA" "NA" "cytolex,mangainin" "NA"
"PHE" 272833 "Pheneticillin" "Beta-lactams/penicillins" "J01CE05,QJ01CE05" "Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins" "Beta-lactamase sensitive penicillins" "fene" "alfacillin,alticina,antibiocin,arcacil,arcasin,astracillin,bendralan,beromycin,brocsil,broxil,chemipen,cliacil,darcil,feneticilina,feneticillin,feneticillina,feneticilline,fenocin,icipen,isocillin,ispenoral,kavepenin,maxipen,optipen,oralopen,orapen,ospeneff,pedipen,penagen,pencompren,penemve,peniplus,penova,pensig,penvikal,phenethicilin,phenethicillin,phenethicillinum,pheneticilline,pheneticillinum,primcillin,priospen,roscopenin,semopen,suspen,synapen,syncillin,synerpenin,synthecillin,synthecilline,synthepen,triospen,vamosyn,veetids,vepen" 1 "g" "NA"
"PHN" 6869 "Phenoxymethylpenicillin" "Beta-lactams/penicillins" "J01CE02,QJ01CE02" "Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins" "Beta-lactamase sensitive penicillins" "fepe,peni v,penicillin v,phepen,pnv,pv" "apopen,calcipen,fenacilin,fenospen,meropenin,oracillin,oracilline,oratren,orocillin,ospen,phenocillin,phenomycilline,phenopenicillin,rocilin,stabicillin,vebecillin" 2 "g" "NA"
"PMR" 5284447 "Pimaricin" "Antifungals/antimycotics" "NA" "natamycin" "delvocid,delvolan,delvopos,mycophyt,myprozine,natacyn,natafucin,natajen,natamatrix,natamax,natamicina,natamycin,natamycine,natamycinum,pimafucin,pimaracin,pimaricine,pimarizin,synogil,tennecetin" "NA"
"PTZ" 55250256 "Pentizidone" "Other" "NA" "NA" "pentizidona,pentizidonum" "NA"
"PEX" 16132253 "Pexiganan" "Other" "NA" "NA" "cytolex,mangainin" "NA"
"PHE" 272833 "Pheneticillin" "Penicillins,Beta-lactams" "J01CE05,QJ01CE05" "Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins" "Beta-lactamase sensitive penicillins" "fene" "alfacillin,alticina,antibiocin,arcacil,arcasin,astracillin,bendralan,beromycin,brocsil,broxil,chemipen,cliacil,darcil,feneticilina,feneticillin,feneticillina,feneticilline,fenocin,icipen,isocillin,ispenoral,kavepenin,maxipen,optipen,oralopen,orapen,ospeneff,pedipen,penagen,pencompren,penemve,peniplus,penova,pensig,penvikal,phenethicilin,phenethicillin,phenethicillinum,pheneticilline,pheneticillinum,primcillin,priospen,roscopenin,semopen,suspen,synapen,syncillin,synerpenin,synthecillin,synthecilline,synthepen,triospen,vamosyn,veetids,vepen" 1 "g" "NA"
"PHN" 6869 "Phenoxymethylpenicillin" "Penicillins,Beta-lactams" "J01CE02,QJ01CE02" "Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins" "Beta-lactamase sensitive penicillins" "fepe,peni v,penicillin v,phepen,pnv,pv" "apopen,calcipen,fenacilin,fenospen,meropenin,oracillin,oracilline,oratren,orocillin,ospen,phenocillin,phenomycilline,phenopenicillin,rocilin,stabicillin,vebecillin" 2 "g" "NA"
"PMR" 5284447 "Pimaricin" "Antifungals" "NA" "natamycin" "delvocid,delvolan,delvopos,mycophyt,myprozine,natacyn,natafucin,natajen,natamatrix,natamax,natamicina,natamycin,natamycine,natamycinum,pimafucin,pimaracin,pimaricine,pimarizin,synogil,tennecetin" "NA"
"PPA" 4831 "Pipemidic acid" "Quinolones" "J01MB04,QJ01MB04" "Quinolone antibacterials" "Other quinolones" "pipaci,pipz,pizu" "deblaston,dolcol,filtrax,karunomazin,memento,nuril,palin,pipedac,pipemid,pipemidate,pipemidic,pipemidicacid,pipram,pipurin,tractur,uromidin,urosten,uroval" 0.8 "g" "NA"
"PIP" 43672 "Piperacillin" "Beta-lactams/penicillins" "J01CA12,QJ01CA12" "Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins" "Penicillins with extended spectrum" "pi,pip,pipc,pipe,pipera,pp" "penmalin,pentcillin,peperacillin,peracin,piperacilina,piperacillina,piperacilline,piperacillinhydrate,piperacillinum,pipercillin,pipracil,tazocin" 14 "g" "101490-1,101491-9,18969-6,18970-4,25268-4,3972-7,407-7,408-5,409-3,410-1,411-9,412-7,413-5,414-3,54197-9,54198-7,54199-5,55704-1,7043-3,7044-1"
"PIS" "Piperacillin/sulbactam" "Beta-lactams/penicillins" "J01CR05,QJ01CR05" "NA" "NA" 14 "g" "54197-9,54198-7,54199-5,55704-1"
"TZP" 461573 "Piperacillin/tazobactam" "Beta-lactams/penicillins" "J01CR05,QJ01CR05" "Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins" "Combinations of penicillins, incl. beta-lactamase inhibitors" "p/t,piptaz,piptazo,pit,pita,pt,ptc,ptz,tzp" "piptazobactam,tazonam,zobactin,zosyn" 14 "g" "101491-9,18970-4,411-9,412-7,413-5,414-3,7044-1"
"PRC" 71978 "Piridicillin" "Beta-lactams/penicillins" "NA" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"PRL" 157385 "Pirlimycin" "Macrolides/lincosamides" "QJ51FF90" "pirlim" "pirlimycina,pirlimycine,pirlimycinum,pirsue" "35829-1,35830-9,35831-7"
"PIP" 43672 "Piperacillin" "Ureidopenicillins,Penicillins,Beta-lactams" "J01CA12,QJ01CA12" "Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins" "Penicillins with extended spectrum" "pi,pip,pipc,pipe,pipera,pp" "penmalin,pentcillin,peperacillin,peracin,piperacilina,piperacillina,piperacilline,piperacillinhydrate,piperacillinum,pipercillin,pipracil,tazocin" 14 "g" "101490-1,101491-9,18969-6,18970-4,25268-4,3972-7,407-7,408-5,409-3,410-1,411-9,412-7,413-5,414-3,54197-9,54198-7,54199-5,55704-1,7043-3,7044-1"
"PIS" "Piperacillin/sulbactam" "Penicillins,Beta-lactams,Beta-lactamase inhibitors" "NA" "NA" "NA" 14 "g" "54197-9,54198-7,54199-5,55704-1"
"TZP" 461573 "Piperacillin/tazobactam" "Ureidopenicillins,Penicillins,Beta-lactams,Beta-lactamase inhibitors" "J01CR05,QJ01CR05" "Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins" "Combinations of penicillins, incl. beta-lactamase inhibitors" "p/t,piptaz,piptazo,pit,pita,pt,ptc,ptz,tzp" "piptazobactam,tazonam,zobactin,zosyn" 14 "g" "101491-9,18970-4,411-9,412-7,413-5,414-3,7044-1"
"PRC" 71978 "Piridicillin" "Penicillins,Beta-lactams" "NA" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"PRL" 157385 "Pirlimycin" "Lincosamides,Macrolides" "QJ51FF90" "pirlim" "pirlimycina,pirlimycine,pirlimycinum,pirsue" "35829-1,35830-9,35831-7"
"PIR" 4855 "Piromidic acid" "Quinolones" "J01MB03,QJ01MB03" "Quinolone antibacterials" "Other quinolones" "NA" "bactramyl,enterol,gastrurol,panacid,pirodal,piromidate,reelon,septural,urisept,uropir,zaomeal" 2 "g" "NA"
"PVM" 33478 "Pivampicillin" "Beta-lactams/penicillins" "J01CA02,QJ01CA02" "Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins" "Penicillins with extended spectrum" "NA" "pivaloylampicillin,pivampicilina,pivampicilline,pivampicillinum" 1.05 "g" "18971-2,415-0,416-8,417-6,418-4"
"PME" 115163 "Pivmecillinam" "Beta-lactams/penicillins" "J01CA08,QJ01CA08" "Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins" "Penicillins with extended spectrum" "pivmec" "coactabs,melysin,pivamdinocillin,pivmecilinamo,pivmecillinamum,selexid" 0.6 "g" "NA"
"PVM" 33478 "Pivampicillin" "Penicillins,Beta-lactams" "J01CA02,QJ01CA02" "Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins" "Penicillins with extended spectrum" "NA" "pivaloylampicillin,pivampicilina,pivampicilline,pivampicillinum" 1.05 "g" "18971-2,415-0,416-8,417-6,418-4"
"PME" 115163 "Pivmecillinam" "Penicillins,Beta-lactams" "J01CA08,QJ01CA08" "Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins" "Penicillins with extended spectrum" "pivmec" "coactabs,melysin,pivamdinocillin,pivmecilinamo,pivmecillinamum,selexid" 0.6 "g" "NA"
"PLZ" 42613186 "Plazomicin" "Aminoglycosides" "J01GB14,QJ01GB14" "NA" "zemdri" "73592-8,73614-0,73637-1,92024-9,94719-2"
"PLB" 49800004 "Polymyxin B" "Polymyxins" "A07AA05,J01XB02,QA07AA05,QJ01XB02,QJ51XB02,QS01AA18,QS02AA11,QS03AA03,S01AA18,S02AA11,S03AA03" "Other antibacterials" "Polymyxins" "pb,pol,polb,poly,poly b,polyb,polymixin,polymixin b" "aerosporin" 3 "MU" 0.15 "g" "17473-0,18972-0,25269-2,35832-5,419-2,420-0,421-8,422-6"
"POP" "Polymyxin B/polysorbate 80" "Polymyxins" "NA" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"POS" 468595 "Posaconazole" "Antifungals/antimycotics" "J02AC04,QJ02AC04" "Antimycotics for systemic use" "Triazole derivatives" "posa,posaco" "noxafil,schering,spriafil" 0.3 "g" 0.3 "g" "53731-6,54186-2,54187-0,54188-8,54189-6,80545-7"
"PRA" 9802884 "Pradofloxacin" "Fluoroquinolones" "QJ01MA97" "NA" "pudofloxacin,veraflox" "76148-6,87800-9"
"PRX" 71455 "Premafloxacin" "Fluoroquinolones" "NA" "premaf" "premafloxacine,premafloxacino" "73591-0,73613-2,73636-3"
"POS" 468595 "Posaconazole" "Antifungals" "J02AC04,QJ02AC04" "Antimycotics for systemic use" "Triazole derivatives" "posa,posaco" "noxafil,schering,spriafil" 0.3 "g" 0.3 "g" "53731-6,54186-2,54187-0,54188-8,54189-6,80545-7"
"PRA" 9802884 "Pradofloxacin" "Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones" "QJ01MA97" "NA" "pudofloxacin,veraflox" "76148-6,87800-9"
"PRX" 71455 "Premafloxacin" "Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones" "NA" "premaf" "premafloxacine,premafloxacino" "73591-0,73613-2,73636-3"
"PMD" 456199 "Pretomanid" "Antimycobacterials" "J04AK08,QJ04AK08" "Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis" "Other drugs for treatment of tuberculosis" "NA" "NA" 0.2 "g" "93850-6"
"PRM" 6446787 "Primycin" "Macrolides/lincosamides" "NA" "NA" "chinopricin,debrycin,primicina,primycine" "NA"
"PRI" 11979535 "Pristinamycin" "Macrolides/lincosamides" "J01FG01,QJ01FG01" "Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins" "Streptogramins" "pris,pristi" "eskalin,micamicina,mikamycin,mikamycine,mikamycinum,ostreogricina,ostreogrycin,ostreogrycine,ostreogrycinum,pristinamicina,pristinamycine,pristinamycinum,pyostacine,stafac,stafytracine,stajac,staphylomycin,stapyocine,starfac,virgimycin,virgimycine,virginiamicina,virginiamycin,virginiamycina,virginiamycinum" 2 "g" "32383-2,35833-3,35834-1,55709-0"
"PRB" 5903 "Procaine benzylpenicillin" "Beta-lactams/penicillins" "J01CE09,QJ01CE09,QJ51CE09" "Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins" "Beta-lactamase sensitive penicillins" "NA" "afsillin,aquacilina,aquacillin,aquasuspen,avloprocil,cilicaine,crysticillin,depocillin,despacilina,distaquaine,duphapen,duracillin,hostacillin,hydracillin,kabipenin,ledercillin,millicillin,mylipen,neoproc,nopcaine,parencillin,premocillin,procanodia,prostabillin,retardillin,sharcillin,vetspen,vitablend,wycillin" 0.6 "g" "NA"
"PRP" 92879 "Propicillin" "Beta-lactams/penicillins" "J01CE03,QJ01CE03" "Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins" "Beta-lactamase sensitive penicillins" "NA" "baycillin,propicilina,propicilline,propicillinum" 0.9 "g" "NA"
"PRM" 6446787 "Primycin" "Macrolides" "NA" "NA" "chinopricin,debrycin,primicina,primycine" "NA"
"PRI" 11979535 "Pristinamycin" "Streptogramins" "J01FG01,QJ01FG01" "Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins" "Streptogramins" "pris,pristi" "eskalin,micamicina,mikamycin,mikamycine,mikamycinum,ostreogricina,ostreogrycin,ostreogrycine,ostreogrycinum,pristinamicina,pristinamycine,pristinamycinum,pyostacine,stafac,stafytracine,stajac,staphylomycin,stapyocine,starfac,virgimycin,virgimycine,virginiamicina,virginiamycin,virginiamycina,virginiamycinum" 2 "g" "32383-2,35833-3,35834-1,55709-0"
"PRB" 5903 "Procaine benzylpenicillin" "Penicillins,Beta-lactams" "J01CE09,QJ01CE09,QJ51CE09" "Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins" "Beta-lactamase sensitive penicillins" "NA" "afsillin,aquacilina,aquacillin,aquasuspen,avloprocil,cilicaine,crysticillin,depocillin,despacilina,distaquaine,duphapen,duracillin,hostacillin,hydracillin,kabipenin,ledercillin,millicillin,mylipen,neoproc,nopcaine,parencillin,premocillin,procanodia,prostabillin,retardillin,sharcillin,vetspen,vitablend,wycillin" 0.6 "g" "NA"
"PRP" 92879 "Propicillin" "Penicillins,Beta-lactams" "J01CE03,QJ01CE03" "Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins" "Beta-lactamase sensitive penicillins" "NA" "baycillin,propicilina,propicilline,propicillinum" 0.9 "g" "NA"
"PKA" 9872451 "Propikacin" "Aminoglycosides" "NA" "NA" "propikacina,propikacine,propikacinum" "NA"
"PTH" 666418 "Protionamide" "Antimycobacterials" "J04AD01,QJ04AD01" "Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis" "Thiocarbamide derivatives" "prot" "ektebin,peteha,prothionamide,prothionamidum,protion,protionamid,protionamida,protionamidum,protionizina,tebeform,trevintix,tuberex" 0.75 "g" "NA"
"PRU" 65947 "Prulifloxacin" "Fluoroquinolones" "J01MA17,QJ01MA17" "Quinolone antibacterials" "Fluoroquinolones" "NA" "pruvel,quisnon,sword" 0.6 "g" "100058-7,76145-2"
"PRU" 65947 "Prulifloxacin" "Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones" "J01MA17,QJ01MA17" "Quinolone antibacterials" "Fluoroquinolones" "NA" "pruvel,quisnon,sword" 0.6 "g" "100058-7,76145-2"
"PZA" 1046 "Pyrazinamide" "Antimycobacterials" "J04AK01,QJ04AK01" "Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis" "Other drugs for treatment of tuberculosis" "pyra" "aldinamid,aldinamide,eprazin,farmizina,isopas,novamid,pezetamid,piraldina,pirazimida,pirazinamid,pirazinamida,pirazinamide,pirazinecarboxamide,pyrafat,pyrazide,pyrazinamdie,pyrazinamidum,pyrazineamide,pyrizinamide,rifafour,rozide,tebrazid,tisamid,unipyranamide" 1.5 "g" "11001-5,18973-8,20461-0,23632-3,25186-8,25229-6,25270-0,423-4,424-2,425-9,426-7,42935-7,55710-8,55711-6,56026-8,92242-7"
"QDA" 11979418 "Quinupristin/dalfopristin" "Macrolides/lincosamides" "QJ01FG02" "Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins" "Streptogramins" "q/d,qda,qida,quda,rp,syn,synerc" "synercid" "23640-6,23641-4,33334-4,35835-8,58712-1"
"RAC" 56052 "Ractopamine" "Other antibacterials" "NA" "NA" "bufenina,bufenine,buphenin,buphenine,bupheninum,luteonin,nilidrine,nylidrinum,optaflexx,paylean,prepar,ractopamina,ractopaminum,ritodrina,ritodrine,ritodrinium,tomax,utopar,yutopar" "NA"
"QDA" 11979418 "Quinupristin/dalfopristin" "Streptogramins" "QJ01FG02" "Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins" "Streptogramins" "q/d,qda,qida,quda,rp,syn,synerc" "synercid" "23640-6,23641-4,33334-4,35835-8,58712-1"
"RAC" 56052 "Ractopamine" "Other" "NA" "NA" "bufenina,bufenine,buphenin,buphenine,bupheninum,luteonin,nilidrine,nylidrinum,optaflexx,paylean,prepar,ractopamina,ractopaminum,ritodrina,ritodrine,ritodrinium,tomax,utopar,yutopar" "NA"
"RAM" 16132338 "Ramoplanin" "Glycopeptides" "NA" "ramopl" "NA" "41710-5,41711-3,41712-1,41737-8"
"RZM" 10993211 "Razupenem" "Carbapenems" "NA" "razupe" "NA" "73590-2,73612-4,73635-5"
"RTP" 6918462 "Retapamulin" "Other antibacterials" "D06AX13,QD06AX13" "Antibiotics for topical use" "Other antibiotics for topical use" "ret" "altabax,altargo,rebapamulin,retapamulina" "NA"
"RZM" 10993211 "Razupenem" "Carbapenems,Beta-lactams" "NA" "razupe" "NA" "73590-2,73612-4,73635-5"
"RTP" 6918462 "Retapamulin" "Other" "D06AX13,QD06AX13" "Antibiotics for topical use" "Other antibiotics for topical use" "ret" "altabax,altargo,rebapamulin,retapamulina" "NA"
"RZF" "Rezafungin" "Antifungals" "NA" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"RBC" 44631912 "Ribociclib" "Antifungals/antimycotics" "L01EF02,QL01EF02" "Antimycotics for systemic use" "Triazole derivatives" "ribo" "kisqali" 0.45 "g" "NA"
"RBC" 44631912 "Ribociclib" "Antifungals" "L01EF02,QL01EF02" "Antimycotics for systemic use" "Triazole derivatives" "ribo" "kisqali" 0.45 "g" "NA"
"RST" 33042 "Ribostamycin" "Aminoglycosides" "J01GB10,QJ01GB10" "Aminoglycoside antibacterials" "Other aminoglycosides" "NA" "exaluren,hetangmycin,ribastamin,ribostamicina,ribostamycine,ribostamycinum,vistamycin,xylostatin" 1 "g" "NA"
"RID1" 16659285 "Ridinilazole" "Other antibacterials" "NA" "NA" "ridinilazol" "NA"
"RIB" 135398743 "Rifabutin" "Antimycobacterials" "J04AB04,QJ04AB04" "Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis" "Antibiotics" "ansamy,rifb" "alfacid,ansamicin,ansamycins,ansatipin,ansatipine,assatipin,mycobutin,rifabutinum" 0.15 "g" "100699-8,16100-0,16386-5,16387-3,19149-4,20386-9,23630-7,24032-5,25199-1,25200-7,25201-5,42655-1,42656-9,54183-9,96113-6"
"RIF" 135398735 "Rifampicin" "Antimycobacterials" "J04AB02,QJ04AB02,QJ54AB02" "Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis" "Antibiotics" "rifa,rifamp" "abrifam,archidyn,arficin,arzide,benemicin,doloresum,eremfat,famcin,fenampicin,rifadin,rifadine,rifagen,rifaldazin,rifaldazine,rifaldin,rifam,rifamor,rifampicina,rifampicine,rifampicinum,rifampin,rifamsolin,rifapiam,rifaprodin,rifcin,rifinah,rifobac,rifoldin,rifoldine,riforal,rimactan,rimactane,rimactazid,rimactizid,rimazid,sinerdol,tubocin" 0.6 "g" 0.6 "g" "NA"
"REI" 135483893 "Rifampicin/ethambutol/isoniazid" "Antimycobacterials" "J04AM07,QJ04AM07" "Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis" "Combinations of drugs for treatment of tuberculosis" "NA" "isonarif,rifamate,rifamazid" "NA"
"RFI" "Rifampicin/isoniazid" "Antimycobacterials" "J04AM02,QJ04AM02" "Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis" "Combinations of drugs for treatment of tuberculosis" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"RPEI" "Rifampicin/pyrazinamide/ethambutol/isoniazid" "Antimycobacterials" "J04AM06,QJ04AM06" "Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis" "Combinations of drugs for treatment of tuberculosis" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"RPI" "Rifampicin/pyrazinamide/isoniazid" "Antimycobacterials" "J04AM05,QJ04AM05" "Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis" "Combinations of drugs for treatment of tuberculosis" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"RFM" 6324616 "Rifamycin" "Antimycobacterials" "A07AA13,D06AX15,J04AB03,QA07AA13,QD06AX15,QJ04AB03,QJ54AB03,QS01AA16,QS02AA12,S01AA16,S02AA12" "Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis" "Antibiotics" "rifmyc" "aemcolo,nacimycin,nancimycin,otofa,rifamastene,rifamicina,rifamycine,rifamycinum,rifocin,rifocyn,tuborin" 0.8 "g" 0.6 "g" "NA"
"RFP" 135403821 "Rifapentine" "Antimycobacterials" "J04AB05,QJ04AB05" "Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis" "Antibiotics" "rifp,rpt" "prifitin,priftin,rifapentin,rifapentina,rifapentinum" 0.11 "g" "100059-5,76627-9"
"RFX" 6436173 "Rifaximin" "Other antibacterials" "A07AA11,D06AX11,QA07AA11,QD06AX11,QG51AA06,QJ51XX01" "Intestinal antiinfectives" "Antibiotics" "NA" "fatroximin,flonorm,lormyx,lumenax,normix,rifacol,rifamixin,rifaxidin,rifaximina,rifaximine,rifaximinum,rifaxin,ritacol,spiraxin,xifaxan,xifaxsan" 0.6 "g" "73589-4,73611-6,73634-8"
"RIT" 65633 "Ritipenem" "Carbapenems" "NA" "NA" "ritipenemsalt" "NA"
"RIA" 163692 "Ritipenem acoxil" "Carbapenems" "NA" "NA" "penemac" "NA"
"ROK" 5282211 "Rokitamycin" "Macrolides/lincosamides" "J01FA12,QJ01FA12" "Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins" "Macrolides" "rokita" "propionylleucomycin,ricamycin,rokicid,rokital,rokitamicina,rokitamycine,rokitamycinum" 0.8 "g" "NA"
"RID1" 16659285 "Ridinilazole" "Other" "NA" "NA" "ridinilazol" "NA"
"RIB" 135398743 "Rifabutin" "Rifamycins,Antimycobacterials" "J04AB04,QJ04AB04" "Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis" "Antibiotics" "ansamy,rfb,rifb" "alfacid,ansamicin,ansamycins,ansatipin,ansatipine,assatipin,mycobutin,rifabutinum" 0.15 "g" "100699-8,16100-0,16386-5,16387-3,19149-4,20386-9,23630-7,24032-5,25199-1,25200-7,25201-5,42655-1,42656-9,54183-9,96113-6"
"RIF" 135398735 "Rifampicin" "Rifamycins,Antimycobacterials" "J04AB02,QJ04AB02,QJ54AB02" "Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis" "Antibiotics" "rifa,rifamp" "abrifam,archidyn,arficin,arzide,benemicin,doloresum,eremfat,famcin,fenampicin,rifadin,rifadine,rifagen,rifaldazin,rifaldazine,rifaldin,rifam,rifamor,rifampicina,rifampicine,rifampicinum,rifampin,rifamsolin,rifapiam,rifaprodin,rifcin,rifinah,rifobac,rifoldin,rifoldine,riforal,rimactan,rimactane,rimactazid,rimactizid,rimazid,sinerdol,tubocin" 0.6 "g" 0.6 "g" "NA"
"REI" 135483893 "Rifampicin/ethambutol/isoniazid" "Rifamycins,Antimycobacterials" "J04AM07,QJ04AM07" "Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis" "Combinations of drugs for treatment of tuberculosis" "NA" "isonarif,rifamate,rifamazid" "NA"
"RFI" "Rifampicin/isoniazid" "Rifamycins,Antimycobacterials" "J04AM02,QJ04AM02" "Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis" "Combinations of drugs for treatment of tuberculosis" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"RPEI" "Rifampicin/pyrazinamide/ethambutol/isoniazid" "Rifamycins,Antimycobacterials" "J04AM06,QJ04AM06" "Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis" "Combinations of drugs for treatment of tuberculosis" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"RPI" "Rifampicin/pyrazinamide/isoniazid" "Rifamycins,Antimycobacterials" "J04AM05,QJ04AM05" "Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis" "Combinations of drugs for treatment of tuberculosis" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"RFM" 6324616 "Rifamycin" "Rifamycins,Antimycobacterials" "A07AA13,D06AX15,J04AB03,QA07AA13,QD06AX15,QJ04AB03,QJ54AB03,QS01AA16,QS02AA12,S01AA16,S02AA12" "Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis" "Antibiotics" "rifmyc" "aemcolo,nacimycin,nancimycin,otofa,rifamastene,rifamicina,rifamycine,rifamycinum,rifocin,rifocyn,tuborin" 0.8 "g" 0.6 "g" "NA"
"RFP" 135403821 "Rifapentine" "Rifamycins,Antimycobacterials" "J04AB05,QJ04AB05" "Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis" "Antibiotics" "rifp,rpt" "prifitin,priftin,rifapentin,rifapentina,rifapentinum" 0.11 "g" "100059-5,76627-9"
"RFX" 6436173 "Rifaximin" "Other" "A07AA11,D06AX11,QA07AA11,QD06AX11,QG51AA06,QJ51XX01" "Intestinal antiinfectives" "Antibiotics" "NA" "fatroximin,flonorm,lormyx,lumenax,normix,rifacol,rifamixin,rifaxidin,rifaximina,rifaximine,rifaximinum,rifaxin,ritacol,spiraxin,xifaxan,xifaxsan" 0.6 "g" "73589-4,73611-6,73634-8"
"RIT" 65633 "Ritipenem" "Carbapenems,Beta-lactams" "NA" "NA" "ritipenemsalt" "NA"
"RIA" 163692 "Ritipenem acoxil" "Carbapenems,Beta-lactams" "NA" "NA" "penemac" "NA"
"ROK" 5282211 "Rokitamycin" "Macrolides" "J01FA12,QJ01FA12" "Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins" "Macrolides" "rokita" "propionylleucomycin,ricamycin,rokicid,rokital,rokitamicina,rokitamycine,rokitamycinum" 0.8 "g" "NA"
"RLT" 54682938 "Rolitetracycline" "Tetracyclines" "J01AA09,QJ01AA09" "Tetracyclines" "Tetracyclines" "NA" "bristacin,colbiocin,kinteto,reverin,revrin,rolitetraciclina,rolitetracyclinum,solvocillin,superciclin,synotodecin,synterin,syntetrex,syntetrin,tetraverin,transcycline,velacicline,velacycline" 0.35 "g" "18976-1,435-8,436-6,437-4,438-2"
"ROS" 287180 "Rosoxacin" "Quinolones" "J01MB01,QJ01MB01" "Quinolone antibacterials" "Other quinolones" "NA" "acrosoxacin,eracine,eradacil,eradacin,eradicin,rosoxacine,rosoxacino,rosoxacinum,roxadyl,winoxacin,winuron" 0.3 "g" "18977-9,439-0,440-8,441-6,442-4,55713-2"
"RXT" "Roxithromycin" "Macrolides/lincosamides" "J01FA06,QJ01FA06" "Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins" "Macrolides" "roxi,roxith" "NA" 0.3 "g" "18978-7,443-2,444-0,445-7,446-5,7046-6"
"RFL" 58258 "Rufloxacin" "Fluoroquinolones" "J01MA10,QJ01MA10" "Quinolone antibacterials" "Fluoroquinolones" "NA" "monos,rufloxacine,rufloxacino,rufloxacinum,tebraxin,uroflox" 0.2 "g" "NA"
"SAL" 3085092 "Salinomycin" "Other antibacterials" "QP51BB01" "salino" "coxistac,procoxacin,salinomicina,salinomycine,salinomycinum" "35836-6,35837-4,35838-2,87593-0"
"SAR" 56208 "Sarafloxacin" "Fluoroquinolones" "QJ01MA98" "sarafl" "difloxacino,difloxacinum,difloxcine,sarafin,saraflox,sarafloxacine,sarafloxacino,sarafloxacinum" "73588-6,73610-8,73633-0"
"RXT" "Roxithromycin" "Macrolides" "J01FA06,QJ01FA06" "Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins" "Macrolides" "roxi,roxith" "NA" 0.3 "g" "18978-7,443-2,444-0,445-7,446-5,7046-6"
"RFL" 58258 "Rufloxacin" "Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones" "J01MA10,QJ01MA10" "Quinolone antibacterials" "Fluoroquinolones" "NA" "monos,rufloxacine,rufloxacino,rufloxacinum,tebraxin,uroflox" 0.2 "g" "NA"
"SAL" 3085092 "Salinomycin" "Other" "QP51BB01" "salino" "coxistac,procoxacin,salinomicina,salinomycine,salinomycinum" "35836-6,35837-4,35838-2,87593-0"
"SAR" 56208 "Sarafloxacin" "Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones" "QJ01MA98" "sarafl" "difloxacino,difloxacinum,difloxcine,sarafin,saraflox,sarafloxacine,sarafloxacino,sarafloxacinum" "73588-6,73610-8,73633-0"
"SRC" 54681908 "Sarecycline" "Tetracyclines" "J01AA14,QJ01AA14" "Tetracyclines" "Tetracyclines" "NA" "sareciclina,seysara" 0.1 "g" "NA"
"SRX" 9933415 "Sarmoxicillin" "Beta-lactams/penicillins" "NA" "NA" "sarmoxillina,sarmoxilline,sarmoxillinum" "NA"
"SEC" 71815 "Secnidazole" "Other antibacterials" "P01AB07" "NA" "flagentyl,secnidal,secnidazolum,secnil,sindose,solosec" 2 "g" "NA"
"SMF" "Simvastatin/fenofibrate" "Antimycobacterials" "C10BA04,QC10BA04" "Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis" "Other drugs for treatment of tuberculosis" "simv" "NA" "NA"
"SRX" 9933415 "Sarmoxicillin" "Penicillins,Beta-lactams" "NA" "NA" "sarmoxillina,sarmoxilline,sarmoxillinum" "NA"
"SEC" 71815 "Secnidazole" "Other" "P01AB07" "NA" "flagentyl,secnidal,secnidazolum,secnil,sindose,solosec" 2 "g" "NA"
"SIS" 36119 "Sisomicin" "Aminoglycosides" "J01GB08,QJ01GB08" "Aminoglycoside antibacterials" "Other aminoglycosides" "siso,sisomy" "rickamicin,salvamina,sisomicina,sisomicine,sisomicinum,sisomin,sisomycin,sissomicin,sizomycin" 0.24 "g" "18979-5,447-3,448-1,449-9,450-7,55714-0"
"SIT" 461399 "Sitafloxacin" "Fluoroquinolones" "J01MA21,QJ01MA21" "sitafl" "gracevit" 0.1 "g" "NA"
"SIT" 461399 "Sitafloxacin" "Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones" "J01MA21,QJ01MA21" "sitafl" "gracevit" 0.1 "g" "NA"
"SDA" 2724368 "Sodium aminosalicylate" "Antimycobacterials" "J04AA02,QJ04AA02" "Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis" "Aminosalicylic acid and derivatives" "NA" "bactylan,lepasen,monopas,tubersan" 14 "g" 14 "g" "NA"
"SOL" 25242512 "Solithromycin" "Macrolides/lincosamides" "J01FA16,QJ01FA16" "NA" "solithera" "73587-8,73609-0,73632-2"
"SPX" 60464 "Sparfloxacin" "Fluoroquinolones" "J01MA09,QJ01MA09" "Quinolone antibacterials" "Fluoroquinolones" "spa,spar,sparfl" "esparfloxacino,parox,spara,sparfloxacine,sparfloxacinum,zagam" 0.2 "g" "20397-6,23610-9,23628-1,35839-0,7047-4"
"SPT" 15541 "Spectinomycin" "Other antibacterials" "J01XX04,QJ01XX04" "Other antibacterials" "Other antibacterials" "sc,spe,spec,spect,spt" "actinospectacina,adspec,espectinomicina,prospec,spectam,spectinomicina,spectinomycine,spectinomycinhydrate,spectinomycinum,spectogard,stanilo,togamycin,trobicin" 3 "g" "18980-3,35840-8,451-5,452-3,453-1,454-9"
"SPI" 6419898 "Spiramycin" "Macrolides/lincosamides" "J01FA02,QJ01FA02,QJ51FA02" "Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins" "Macrolides" "sipram,spir,spiram" "formacidine" 3 "g" "18981-1,455-6,456-4,457-2,458-0,55715-7"
"SPM" "Spiramycin/metronidazole" "Other antibacterials" "J01RA04,QJ01RA04" "Combinations of antibacterials" "Combinations of antibacterials" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"SOL" 25242512 "Solithromycin" "Macrolides" "J01FA16,QJ01FA16" "NA" "solithera" "73587-8,73609-0,73632-2"
"SPX" 60464 "Sparfloxacin" "Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones" "J01MA09,QJ01MA09" "Quinolone antibacterials" "Fluoroquinolones" "spa,spar,sparfl" "esparfloxacino,parox,spara,sparfloxacine,sparfloxacinum,zagam" 0.2 "g" "20397-6,23610-9,23628-1,35839-0,7047-4"
"SPT" 15541 "Spectinomycin" "Other" "J01XX04,QJ01XX04" "Other antibacterials" "Other antibacterials" "sc,spe,spec,spect,spt" "actinospectacina,adspec,espectinomicina,prospec,spectam,spectinomicina,spectinomycine,spectinomycinhydrate,spectinomycinum,spectogard,stanilo,togamycin,trobicin" 3 "g" "18980-3,35840-8,451-5,452-3,453-1,454-9"
"SPI" 6419898 "Spiramycin" "Macrolides" "J01FA02,QJ01FA02,QJ51FA02" "Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins" "Macrolides" "sipram,spir,spiram" "formacidine" 3 "g" "18981-1,455-6,456-4,457-2,458-0,55715-7"
"SPM" "Spiramycin/metronidazole" "Other" "J01RA04,QJ01RA04" "Combinations of antibacterials" "Combinations of antibacterials" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"STR" "Streptoduocin" "Aminoglycosides" "J01GA02,QJ01GA02" "Aminoglycoside antibacterials" "Streptomycins" "NA" "NA" 1 "g" "NA"
"STR1" 19649 "Streptomycin" "Aminoglycosides" "A07AA04,J01GA01,QA07AA04,QJ01GA01" "Aminoglycoside antibacterials" "Streptomycins" "s,st1000,st2000,stm,str,stre,strept" "agrept,agrimycin,chemform,estreptomicina,gerox,neodiestreptopab,strepcen,streptomicina,streptomycine,streptomycinum,streptomyzin" 1 "g" "18982-9,18983-7,20462-8,23626-5,25185-0,25205-6,25206-4,35841-6,4039-4,42658-5,42659-3,459-8,460-6,461-4,462-2,46719-1,48177-0,6933-6,7048-2,7049-0,96114-4"
"STH" "Streptomycin-high" "Aminoglycosides" "NA" "sthi,sthl,strepto high,streptomycin high" "NA" "18983-7,35841-6,6933-6,7049-0"
"STI" "Streptomycin/isoniazid" "Antimycobacterials" "J04AM01,QJ04AM01" "Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis" "Combinations of drugs for treatment of tuberculosis" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"SUL" 130313 "Sulbactam" "Beta-lactams/penicillins" "J01CG01,QJ01CG01" "Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins" "Beta-lactamase inhibitors" "sulbac" "betamaze,sulbactamum" 1 "g" "41716-2,41717-0,41718-8,41739-4"
"SBC" 20055036 "Sulbenicillin" "Beta-lactams/penicillins" "J01CA16,QJ01CA16" "Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins" "Penicillins with extended spectrum" "sulben" "kedacillin,kedacillina,sulbenicilina,sulbenicilline,sulbenicillinum,sulpelin" 15 "g" "NA"
"SUC" 5318 "Sulconazole" "Antifungals/antimycotics" "D01AC09,QD01AC09" "NA" "sulconazol,sulconazolum" "NA"
"SUP" 6634 "Sulfachlorpyridazine" "Other antibacterials" "QJ01EQ12" "sulchl" "cluricol,cosulid,cosumix,durasulf,nefrosul,nsulfanilamide,prinzone,solfaclorpiridazina,sonilyn,sulfacloropiridazina,sulfaclorpiridazina,vetisulid" "NA"
"SDI" 5215 "Sulfadiazine" "Trimethoprims" "J01EC02,QJ01EQ10" "Sulfonamides and trimethoprim" "Intermediate-acting sulfonamides" "suldia" "codiazine,cremodiazine,cremotres,debenal,deltazina,dermazin,dermazine,diazolone,diazovit,eskadiazine,flamazine,geben,liquadiazine,microsulfon,neazine,neotrizine,palatrize,piridisir,pirimal,pyrimal,quadetts,quadramoid,sanodiazine,silbertone,sildaflo,silvadene,silvazine,silver,silveramide,sliverex,solfadiazina,spofadrizine,sterazine,sulfacombin,sulfadiazene,sulfadiazin,sulfadiazina,sulfadiazinum,sulfapirimidin,sulfapyrimidin,sulfapyrimidine,sulfatryl,sulfazine,sulfolex,sulfonsol,sulfose,sulphadiazine,terfonyl,theradiazine,thermazene,trifonamide,trisem,truozine" 0.6 "g" "18984-5,27216-1,463-0,464-8,465-5,466-3,59742-7,6907-0,7050-8"
"SLT" 122284 "Sulfadiazine/tetroxoprim" "Trimethoprims" "J01EE06" "Sulfonamides and trimethoprim" "Combinations of sulfonamides and trimethoprim, incl. derivatives" "NA" "berlocombin,cotetroxazine,potesept,trimerazine" "NA"
"SUL" 130313 "Sulbactam" "Beta-lactamase inhibitors" "J01CG01,QJ01CG01" "Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins" "Beta-lactamase inhibitors" "sulbac" "betamaze,sulbactamum" 1 "g" "41716-2,41717-0,41718-8,41739-4"
"SBC" 20055036 "Sulbenicillin" "Penicillins,Beta-lactams" "J01CA16,QJ01CA16" "Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins" "Penicillins with extended spectrum" "sulben" "kedacillin,kedacillina,sulbenicilina,sulbenicilline,sulbenicillinum,sulpelin" 15 "g" "NA"
"SUC" 5318 "Sulconazole" "Antifungals" "D01AC09,QD01AC09" "NA" "sulconazol,sulconazolum" "NA"
"SUP" 6634 "Sulfachlorpyridazine" "Other" "QJ01EQ12" "sulchl" "cluricol,cosulid,cosumix,durasulf,nefrosul,nsulfanilamide,prinzone,solfaclorpiridazina,sonilyn,sulfacloropiridazina,sulfaclorpiridazina,vetisulid" "NA"
"SDI" 5215 "Sulfadiazine" "Trimethoprims,Sulfonamides" "J01EC02,QJ01EQ10" "Sulfonamides and trimethoprim" "Intermediate-acting sulfonamides" "suldia" "codiazine,cremodiazine,cremotres,debenal,deltazina,dermazin,dermazine,diazolone,diazovit,eskadiazine,flamazine,geben,liquadiazine,microsulfon,neazine,neotrizine,palatrize,piridisir,pirimal,pyrimal,quadetts,quadramoid,sanodiazine,silbertone,sildaflo,silvadene,silvazine,silver,silveramide,sliverex,solfadiazina,spofadrizine,sterazine,sulfacombin,sulfadiazene,sulfadiazin,sulfadiazina,sulfadiazinum,sulfapirimidin,sulfapyrimidin,sulfapyrimidine,sulfatryl,sulfazine,sulfolex,sulfonsol,sulfose,sulphadiazine,terfonyl,theradiazine,thermazene,trifonamide,trisem,truozine" 0.6 "g" "18984-5,27216-1,463-0,464-8,465-5,466-3,59742-7,6907-0,7050-8"
"SLT" 122284 "Sulfadiazine/tetroxoprim" "Trimethoprims,Sulfonamides" "J01EE06" "Sulfonamides and trimethoprim" "Combinations of sulfonamides and trimethoprim, incl. derivatives" "NA" "berlocombin,cotetroxazine,potesept,trimerazine" "NA"
"SLT1" 64932 "Sulfadiazine/trimethoprim" "Trimethoprims" "J01EE02,QJ01EW10,QJ51RE01" "Sulfonamides and trimethoprim" "Combinations of sulfonamides and trimethoprim, incl. derivatives" "NA" "antastmon,astra,ditrim,ditrivet,sultrisan,triglobe,trimin,tucoprim,uniprim" "NA"
"SUD" 5323 "Sulfadimethoxine" "Trimethoprims" "J01ED01,QJ01EQ09,QP51BA01" "Sulfonamides and trimethoprim" "Long-acting sulfonamides" "sdimet" "abcid,agribon,albon,arnosulfan,bactotril,bactrovet,deposul,diasulfa,diasulfyl,dimetazina,dinosol,dorisul,fuxal,lasibon,madribon,madrigid,madriqid,madroxin,madroxine,maxulvet,mecozine,memcozine,metoxidon,neostrepal,neostreptal,nsulfanilamidesalt,omnibon,persulfen,radonin,redifal,rofenaid,roscosulf,scandisil,solfadimetossina,sudine,suldixine,sulfabon,sulfadimethoxin,sulfadimethoxinesalt,sulfadimethoxinum,sulfadimetossina,sulfadimetoxin,sulfadimetoxina,sulfadimetoxine,sulfadimoxine,sulfastop,sulfoplan,sulforal,sulphadimethoxine,sulxin,sumbio,symbio,theracanzan,ultrasulfon" 0.5 "g" "87799-3,87803-3"
"SDM" 5327 "Sulfadimidine" "Trimethoprims" "J01EB03,QJ01EQ03,QP51AG01" "Sulfonamides and trimethoprim" "Short-acting sulfonamides" "suldim" "azolmetazin,bovibol,calfspan,cremomethazine,diazil,diazilsulfadine,diazyl,dimezathine,intradine,kelametazine,mermeth,neasina,neazina,panazin,pirmazin,primazin,solfadimidina,spanbolet,sulfadimerazine,sulfadimesin,sulfadimesine,sulfadimethyldiazine,sulfadimezin,sulfadimezine,sulfadimezinum,sulfadimidin,sulfadimidina,sulfadimidinum,sulfadimidinun,sulfadine,sulfametazina,sulfametazyny,sulfamethiazine,sulfamezathine,sulfamidine,sulfodimesin,sulfodimezine,sulmet,sulphadimidine,sulphamethasine,sulphamethazine,sulphamezathine,sulphamidine,sulphodimezine,superseptil,superseptyl,vertolan,vesadin" 4 "g" "NA"
"SUD" 5323 "Sulfadimethoxine" "Trimethoprims,Sulfonamides" "J01ED01,QJ01EQ09,QP51BA01" "Sulfonamides and trimethoprim" "Long-acting sulfonamides" "sdimet" "abcid,agribon,albon,arnosulfan,bactotril,bactrovet,deposul,diasulfa,diasulfyl,dimetazina,dinosol,dorisul,fuxal,lasibon,madribon,madrigid,madriqid,madroxin,madroxine,maxulvet,mecozine,memcozine,metoxidon,neostrepal,neostreptal,nsulfanilamidesalt,omnibon,persulfen,radonin,redifal,rofenaid,roscosulf,scandisil,solfadimetossina,sudine,suldixine,sulfabon,sulfadimethoxin,sulfadimethoxinesalt,sulfadimethoxinum,sulfadimetossina,sulfadimetoxin,sulfadimetoxina,sulfadimetoxine,sulfadimoxine,sulfastop,sulfoplan,sulforal,sulphadimethoxine,sulxin,sumbio,symbio,theracanzan,ultrasulfon" 0.5 "g" "87799-3,87803-3"
"SDM" 5327 "Sulfadimidine" "Trimethoprims,Sulfonamides" "J01EB03,QJ01EQ03,QP51AG01" "Sulfonamides and trimethoprim" "Short-acting sulfonamides" "suldim" "azolmetazin,bovibol,calfspan,cremomethazine,diazil,diazilsulfadine,diazyl,dimezathine,intradine,kelametazine,mermeth,neasina,neazina,panazin,pirmazin,primazin,solfadimidina,spanbolet,sulfadimerazine,sulfadimesin,sulfadimesine,sulfadimethyldiazine,sulfadimezin,sulfadimezine,sulfadimezinum,sulfadimidin,sulfadimidina,sulfadimidinum,sulfadimidinun,sulfadine,sulfametazina,sulfametazyny,sulfamethiazine,sulfamezathine,sulfamidine,sulfodimesin,sulfodimezine,sulmet,sulphadimidine,sulphamethasine,sulphamethazine,sulphamezathine,sulphamidine,sulphodimezine,superseptil,superseptyl,vertolan,vesadin" 4 "g" "NA"
"SLT2" "Sulfadimidine/trimethoprim" "Trimethoprims" "J01EE05,QJ01EW03" "Sulfonamides and trimethoprim" "Combinations of sulfonamides and trimethoprim, incl. derivatives" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"SLF" 5344 "Sulfafurazole" "Trimethoprims" "J01EB05,QJ01EQ05,QS01AB02,S01AB02" "Sulfonamides and trimethoprim" "Short-acting sulfonamides" "sfsz" "accuzole,alphazole,amidoxal,astrazolo,azosulfizin,bactesulf,barazae,chemouag,cosoxazole,dorsulfan,entusil,entusul,ganda,gantrisin,gantrisine,gantrisona,gantrizin,gantrosan,isoxamin,neazolin,neoxazol,novazolo,novosaxazole,nsulphanilamide,pancid,pediazole,renosulfan,resoxol,roxosul,roxoxol,saxosozine,sodizole,solfafurazolo,sosol,soxamide,soxisol,soxitabs,soxomide,stansin,sulbio,sulfafurazol,sulfafurazolum,sulfagan,sulfagen,sulfaisoxazole,sulfalar,sulfapolar,sulfasol,sulfasoxazole,sulfasoxizole,sulfazin,sulfisin,sulfisonazole,sulfisoxasole,sulfisoxazol,sulfisoxazolum,sulfizin,sulfizol,sulfizole,sulfofurazole,sulfoxol,suloxsol,sulphafuraz,sulphafurazol,sulphafurazole,sulphafurazolum,sulphaisoxazole,sulphisoxazol,sulphisoxazole,sulphofurazole,sulsoxin,thiasin,unisulf,urisoxin,uritrisin,urogan" 4 "g" 4 "g" "NA"
"SLF1" 5343 "Sulfaisodimidine" "Trimethoprims" "J01EB01" "Sulfonamides and trimethoprim" "Short-acting sulfonamides" "NA" "aristamid,aristamide,aristogyn,domain,domian,elcosin,elcosine,elkosil,elkosin,elkosine,erycon,isosulf,mefenal,solfisomidina,sulfadimetine,sulfaisodimerazine,sulfaisodimidinum,sulfaisomidine,sulfasomidine,sulfisomidin,sulfisomidina,sulfisomidine,sulfisomidinum,sulphasomidine" 4 "g" 4 "g" "NA"
"SLF2" 9047 "Sulfalene" "Trimethoprims" "J01ED02,QJ01EQ19" "Sulfonamides and trimethoprim" "Long-acting sulfonamides" "NA" "dalysep,farmitalia,kelfizin,kelfizina,kelfizine,policydal,solfametopirazina,sulfalen,sulfaleno,sulfalenum,sulfamethopyrazine,sulfamethoxypyrazine,sulfametopyrazine,sulfametoxypyridazin,sulphalene,sulphametopyrazine,vetkelfizina" 0.1 "g" "NA"
"SZO" 187764 "Sulfamazone" "Trimethoprims" "J01ED09" "Sulfonamides and trimethoprim" "Long-acting sulfonamides" "NA" "sulfamazona,sulfamazonum,sulfenazone" 1.5 "g" "NA"
"SLF3" 5325 "Sulfamerazine" "Trimethoprims" "D06BA06,J01ED07,QD06BA06,QJ01EQ17" "Sulfonamides and trimethoprim" "Long-acting sulfonamides" "sulmet" "cremomerazine,kelamerazine,mebacid,mesulfa,methylpyrimal,methylsulfazin,methylsulfazine,metilsulfadiazin,metilsulfazin,percoccide,pyralcid,romezin,septacil,septosyl,solfamerazina,solumedin,solumedine,sulfameradine,sulfamerazin,sulfamerazina,sulfamerazinum,sulfamethyldiazine,sulphamerazine,sumedine" 3 "g" "NA"
"SLF" 5344 "Sulfafurazole" "Trimethoprims,Sulfonamides" "J01EB05,QJ01EQ05,QS01AB02,S01AB02" "Sulfonamides and trimethoprim" "Short-acting sulfonamides" "sfsz" "accuzole,alphazole,amidoxal,astrazolo,azosulfizin,bactesulf,barazae,chemouag,cosoxazole,dorsulfan,entusil,entusul,ganda,gantrisin,gantrisine,gantrisona,gantrizin,gantrosan,isoxamin,neazolin,neoxazol,novazolo,novosaxazole,nsulphanilamide,pancid,pediazole,renosulfan,resoxol,roxosul,roxoxol,saxosozine,sodizole,solfafurazolo,sosol,soxamide,soxisol,soxitabs,soxomide,stansin,sulbio,sulfafurazol,sulfafurazolum,sulfagan,sulfagen,sulfaisoxazole,sulfalar,sulfapolar,sulfasol,sulfasoxazole,sulfasoxizole,sulfazin,sulfisin,sulfisonazole,sulfisoxasole,sulfisoxazol,sulfisoxazolum,sulfizin,sulfizol,sulfizole,sulfofurazole,sulfoxol,suloxsol,sulphafuraz,sulphafurazol,sulphafurazole,sulphafurazolum,sulphaisoxazole,sulphisoxazol,sulphisoxazole,sulphofurazole,sulsoxin,thiasin,unisulf,urisoxin,uritrisin,urogan" 4 "g" 4 "g" "NA"
"SLF1" 5343 "Sulfaisodimidine" "Trimethoprims,Sulfonamides" "J01EB01" "Sulfonamides and trimethoprim" "Short-acting sulfonamides" "NA" "aristamid,aristamide,aristogyn,domain,domian,elcosin,elcosine,elkosil,elkosin,elkosine,erycon,isosulf,mefenal,solfisomidina,sulfadimetine,sulfaisodimerazine,sulfaisodimidinum,sulfaisomidine,sulfasomidine,sulfisomidin,sulfisomidina,sulfisomidine,sulfisomidinum,sulphasomidine" 4 "g" 4 "g" "NA"
"SLF2" 9047 "Sulfalene" "Trimethoprims,Sulfonamides" "J01ED02,QJ01EQ19" "Sulfonamides and trimethoprim" "Long-acting sulfonamides" "NA" "dalysep,farmitalia,kelfizin,kelfizina,kelfizine,policydal,solfametopirazina,sulfalen,sulfaleno,sulfalenum,sulfamethopyrazine,sulfamethoxypyrazine,sulfametopyrazine,sulfametoxypyridazin,sulphalene,sulphametopyrazine,vetkelfizina" 0.1 "g" "NA"
"SZO" 187764 "Sulfamazone" "Trimethoprims,Sulfonamides" "J01ED09" "Sulfonamides and trimethoprim" "Long-acting sulfonamides" "NA" "sulfamazona,sulfamazonum,sulfenazone" 1.5 "g" "NA"
"SLF3" 5325 "Sulfamerazine" "Trimethoprims,Sulfonamides" "D06BA06,J01ED07,QD06BA06,QJ01EQ17" "Sulfonamides and trimethoprim" "Long-acting sulfonamides" "sulmet" "cremomerazine,kelamerazine,mebacid,mesulfa,methylpyrimal,methylsulfazin,methylsulfazine,metilsulfadiazin,metilsulfazin,percoccide,pyralcid,romezin,septacil,septosyl,solfamerazina,solumedin,solumedine,sulfameradine,sulfamerazin,sulfamerazina,sulfamerazinum,sulfamethyldiazine,sulphamerazine,sumedine" 3 "g" "NA"
"SLT3" "Sulfamerazine/trimethoprim" "Trimethoprims" "J01EE07,QJ01EW18" "Sulfonamides and trimethoprim" "Combinations of sulfonamides and trimethoprim, incl. derivatives" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"SUM" 5327 "Sulfamethazine" "Other antibacterials" "NA" "NA" "NA" "87592-2"
"SLF4" 5328 "Sulfamethizole" "Trimethoprims" "B05CA04,D06BA04,J01EB02,QB05CA04,QD06BA04,QJ01EQ02,QS01AB01,S01AB01" "Sulfonamides and trimethoprim" "Short-acting sulfonamides" "sfmz" "aethazolum,ayerlucil,berlophen,gliprotiazol,globucid,globucin,globuzid,glyprothiazol,glyprothiazole,glyprothiazolum,glyprothizolum,lucosil,microsul,proklar,renasul,rufol,salimol,sethadil,solfametizolo,solfetidolo,sulfaethidiole,sulfaethidol,sulfaethidole,sulfaethidolum,sulfaetidol,sulfamethizol,sulfamethizolum,sulfametizol,sulfapyelon,sulfstat,sulfurine,sulphaethidole,sulphamethizole,tardipyrine,tetracid,thidicur,thiosulfil,ultrasul,urocydal,urodiaton,urolucosil,urosulfin" 4 "g" "60175-7,60176-5,60177-3"
"SMX" 5329 "Sulfamethoxazole" "Trimethoprims" "J01EC01,QJ01EQ11" "Sulfonamides and trimethoprim" "Intermediate-acting sulfonamides" "sfmx,sulf,sulfam" "septran,septrin,simsinomin,sinomin,solfametossazolo,sulfamethalazole,sulfamethoxazolum,sulfamethoxizole,sulfamethylisoxazole,sulfametoxazol,sulfiodizole,sulfisomezole,sulphisomezole,urobak" 2 "g" "10342-4,11577-4,18985-2,25271-8,39772-9,467-1,468-9,469-7,470-5,59971-2,59972-0,60333-2,72674-5,80549-9,80974-9"
"SLF5" 5330 "Sulfamethoxypyridazine" "Trimethoprims" "J01ED05,QJ01EQ15" "Sulfonamides and trimethoprim" "Long-acting sulfonamides" "NA" "altezol,cysul,davosin,depovernil,durox,kineks,kinex,kynex,lederkyn,lentac,lisulfen,longin,medicel,midicel,midikel,myasul,opinsul,paramid,petrisul,piridolo,quinoseptyl,retamid,retasulfin,retasulphine,slosul,spofadazine,succinylsulfathi,sulfalex,sulfapiridazin,sulfapyridazine,sulfdurazin,sulfozona,sultirene,vinces" 0.5 "g" "NA"
"SLF6" 19596 "Sulfametomidine" "Trimethoprims" "J01ED03" "Sulfonamides and trimethoprim" "Long-acting sulfonamides" "NA" "duroprocin,methofadin,methofazine,solfametomidina,sulfametomidin,sulfametomidina,sulfametomidinum,telemid" "NA"
"SLF7" 5326 "Sulfametoxydiazine" "Trimethoprims" "J01ED04" "Sulfonamides and trimethoprim" "Long-acting sulfonamides" "NA" "bayrena,berlicid,dairena,durenat,juvoxin,kinecid,kirocid,kiron,longasulf,methoxypyrimal,solfametossidiazina,sulfameter,sulfametersalt,sulfamethorine,sulfamethoxine,sulfamethoxydiazin,sulfamethoxydiazine,sulfamethoxydin,sulfamethoxydine,sulfametin,sulfametinum,sulfametorine,sulfametorinum,sulfametoxidiazina,sulfametoxidine,sulfametoxydiazinum,sulla,sulphameter,sulphamethoxydiazine,supramid,ultrax" 0.5 "g" "NA"
"SUM" 5327 "Sulfamethazine" "Other" "NA" "NA" "NA" "87592-2"
"SLF4" 5328 "Sulfamethizole" "Trimethoprims,Sulfonamides" "B05CA04,D06BA04,J01EB02,QB05CA04,QD06BA04,QJ01EQ02,QS01AB01,S01AB01" "Sulfonamides and trimethoprim" "Short-acting sulfonamides" "sfmz" "aethazolum,ayerlucil,berlophen,gliprotiazol,globucid,globucin,globuzid,glyprothiazol,glyprothiazole,glyprothiazolum,glyprothizolum,lucosil,microsul,proklar,renasul,rufol,salimol,sethadil,solfametizolo,solfetidolo,sulfaethidiole,sulfaethidol,sulfaethidole,sulfaethidolum,sulfaetidol,sulfamethizol,sulfamethizolum,sulfametizol,sulfapyelon,sulfstat,sulfurine,sulphaethidole,sulphamethizole,tardipyrine,tetracid,thidicur,thiosulfil,ultrasul,urocydal,urodiaton,urolucosil,urosulfin" 4 "g" "60175-7,60176-5,60177-3"
"SMX" 5329 "Sulfamethoxazole" "Trimethoprims,Sulfonamides" "J01EC01,QJ01EQ11" "Sulfonamides and trimethoprim" "Intermediate-acting sulfonamides" "sfmx,sulf,sulfam" "septran,septrin,simsinomin,sinomin,solfametossazolo,sulfamethalazole,sulfamethoxazolum,sulfamethoxizole,sulfamethylisoxazole,sulfametoxazol,sulfiodizole,sulfisomezole,sulphisomezole,urobak" 2 "g" "10342-4,11577-4,18985-2,25271-8,39772-9,467-1,468-9,469-7,470-5,59971-2,59972-0,60333-2,72674-5,80549-9,80974-9"
"SLF5" 5330 "Sulfamethoxypyridazine" "Trimethoprims,Sulfonamides" "J01ED05,QJ01EQ15" "Sulfonamides and trimethoprim" "Long-acting sulfonamides" "NA" "altezol,cysul,davosin,depovernil,durox,kineks,kinex,kynex,lederkyn,lentac,lisulfen,longin,medicel,midicel,midikel,myasul,opinsul,paramid,petrisul,piridolo,quinoseptyl,retamid,retasulfin,retasulphine,slosul,spofadazine,succinylsulfathi,sulfalex,sulfapiridazin,sulfapyridazine,sulfdurazin,sulfozona,sultirene,vinces" 0.5 "g" "NA"
"SLF6" 19596 "Sulfametomidine" "Trimethoprims,Sulfonamides" "J01ED03" "Sulfonamides and trimethoprim" "Long-acting sulfonamides" "NA" "duroprocin,methofadin,methofazine,solfametomidina,sulfametomidin,sulfametomidina,sulfametomidinum,telemid" "NA"
"SLF7" 5326 "Sulfametoxydiazine" "Trimethoprims,Sulfonamides" "J01ED04" "Sulfonamides and trimethoprim" "Long-acting sulfonamides" "NA" "bayrena,berlicid,dairena,durenat,juvoxin,kinecid,kirocid,kiron,longasulf,methoxypyrimal,solfametossidiazina,sulfameter,sulfametersalt,sulfamethorine,sulfamethoxine,sulfamethoxydiazin,sulfamethoxydiazine,sulfamethoxydin,sulfamethoxydine,sulfametin,sulfametinum,sulfametorine,sulfametorinum,sulfametoxidiazina,sulfametoxidine,sulfametoxydiazinum,sulla,sulphameter,sulphamethoxydiazine,supramid,ultrax" 0.5 "g" "NA"
"SLT4" "Sulfametrole/trimethoprim" "Trimethoprims" "J01EE03" "Sulfonamides and trimethoprim" "Combinations of sulfonamides and trimethoprim, incl. derivatives" "trsm" "NA" "NA"
"SLF8" 12894 "Sulfamoxole" "Trimethoprims" "J01EC03" "Sulfonamides and trimethoprim" "Intermediate-acting sulfonamides" "NA" "enterocura,justamil,oxasulfa,solfaguanolo,solfamossolo,sulfadimethyloxazole,sulfaguanol,sulfaguanole,sulfaguanolum,sulfamoxol,sulfamoxolum,sulfano,sulfavigor,sulfmidil,sulfono,sulfune,sulfuno,sulphamoxole,tardamid,tardamide" 1 "g" 1 "g" "NA"
"SLF8" 12894 "Sulfamoxole" "Trimethoprims,Sulfonamides" "J01EC03" "Sulfonamides and trimethoprim" "Intermediate-acting sulfonamides" "NA" "enterocura,justamil,oxasulfa,solfaguanolo,solfamossolo,sulfadimethyloxazole,sulfaguanol,sulfaguanole,sulfaguanolum,sulfamoxol,sulfamoxolum,sulfano,sulfavigor,sulfmidil,sulfono,sulfune,sulfuno,sulphamoxole,tardamid,tardamide" 1 "g" 1 "g" "NA"
"SLT5" "Sulfamoxole/trimethoprim" "Trimethoprims" "J01EE04" "Sulfonamides and trimethoprim" "Combinations of sulfonamides and trimethoprim, incl. derivatives" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"SLF9" 5333 "Sulfanilamide" "Trimethoprims" "D06BA05,J01EB06,QD06BA05,QJ01EQ06" "Sulfonamides and trimethoprim" "Short-acting sulfonamides" "NA" "albexan,albosal,ambeside,antistrept,astreptine,astrocid,bacteramid,bactesid,collomide,colsulanyde,copticide,deseptyl,dipron,ergaseptine,erysipan,estreptocida,exoseptoplix,fourneau,gerison,gombardol,hydroxysulfonamide,infepan,lusil,lysococcine,neococcyl,orgaseptine,prontalbin,prontylin,proseptal,proseptine,proseptol,pysococcine,sanamid,septanilam,septinal,septolix,septoplex,septoplix,solfanilamide,stramid,strepamide,strepsan,streptagol,streptamid,streptamin,streptasol,streptocid,streptocide,streptocidum,streptoclase,streptocom,strepton,streptopan,streptosil,streptozol,streptozone,streptrocide,sulfamidyl,sulfamine,sulfana,sulfanalone,sulfanidyl,sulfanil,sulfanilamida,sulfanilamidomethan,sulfanilamidum,sulfanimide,sulfocidin,sulfocidine,sulfonylamide,sulphanilamide,sulphanilamidum,sulphonamide,therapol,tolder" "NA"
"SLF10" 68933 "Sulfaperin" "Trimethoprims" "J01ED06" "Sulfonamides and trimethoprim" "Long-acting sulfonamides" "NA" "anastaf,archisulfa,archisulpha,avissul,chemiopen,demosulfan,demosulphan,durisan,isosulfamerazine,isosulphamerazine,methylsulfadiazin,methylsulfadiazine,methylsulphadiazine,novosul,orosulfan,pallidin,retardon,risulfasens,sulfaperina,sulfaperine,sulfaperinum,sulfatreis,sulfopirimidine,sulpenta,sulphaperin,sulphaperina,sulphaperinum" 0.5 "g" "NA"
"SLF11" 5335 "Sulfaphenazole" "Trimethoprims" "J01ED08,QJ01EQ08" "Sulfonamides and trimethoprim" "Long-acting sulfonamides" "NA" "depocid,depotsulfonamide,eftolon,firmazolo,inamil,isarol,merian,orisul,orisulf,paidazolo,phenylsulfapyrazole,plisulfan,raziosulfa,solfafenazolo,sulfabid,sulfafenazol,sulfafenazolo,sulfaphenazol,sulfaphenazolum,sulfaphenazon,sulfaphenylpipazol,sulfaphenylpyrazol,sulfaphenylpyrazole,sulfonylpyrazol,sulphaphenazole,sulphenazole" 1 "g" "NA"
"SLF12" 5336 "Sulfapyridine" "Trimethoprims" "J01EB04,QJ01EQ04" "Sulfonamides and trimethoprim" "Short-acting sulfonamides" "NA" "adiplon,coccoclase,dagenan,eubasin,eubasinum,haptocil,piridazol,plurazol,pyriamid,pyridazol,relbapiridina,ronin,septipulmon,solfapiridina,soludagenan,streptosilpyridine,sulfapiridina,sulfapyridin,sulfapyridinum,sulfidin,sulfidine,sulphapyridin,sulphapyridine,thioseptal,trianon" 1 "g" "14075-6,55580-5"
"SNA" 60582 "Sulfasuccinamide" "Other antibacterials" "NA" "NA" "sulfasuccinamid,sulfasuccinamida,sulfasuccinamidum" "NA"
"SUT" 5340 "Sulfathiazole" "Trimethoprims" "D06BA02,J01EB07,QD06BA02,QJ01EQ07" "Sulfonamides and trimethoprim" "Short-acting sulfonamides" "sulthi" "azoquimiol,azoseptale,cerazol,cerazole,chemosept,cibazol,duatok,dulana,eleudron,enterobiocine,estafilol,formosulfathiazole,neostrepsan,norsulfasol,norsulfazol,norsulfazole,norsulfazolum,planomide,poliseptil,sanotiazol,septozol,solfatiazolo,soluthiazomide,streptosilthiazole,sulfamul,sulfaplex,sulfathiazol,sulfathiazolesalt,sulfathiazolum,sulfatiazol,sulfavitina,sulfocerol,sulphathiazole,sulzol,thiacoccine,thiasulfol,thiazamide,thiozamide,wintrazole" "87591-4,87796-9,87797-7"
"SLF13" 3000579 "Sulfathiourea" "Trimethoprims" "J01EB08" "Sulfonamides and trimethoprim" "Short-acting sulfonamides" "NA" "badional,baldinol,fontamide,salvoseptyl,solfatiourea,solufontamide,sulfanilthiourea,sulfathiocarbamid,sulfathiocarbamide,sulfathiocarbamidum,sulfathioureasalt,sulfathiouree,sulfatiourea,sulphathiourea" 6 "g" "NA"
"SOX" 5344 "Sulfisoxazole" "Other antibacterials" "NA" "sulfiz" "NA" "11578-2,18986-0,25226-2,471-3,472-1,473-9,474-7,9701-4"
"SSS" 86225 "Sulfonamide" "Other antibacterials" "NA" "sfna,sulami" "NA" "17674-3,17675-0,18987-8,35842-4,4040-2,4041-0,4042-8,475-4,476-2,477-0,478-8,75650-2"
"SLP" 9950244 "Sulopenem" "Other antibacterials" "NA" "sulope" "orlynvah" "55289-3,55290-1,55291-9"
"SLT6" 444022 "Sultamicillin" "Beta-lactams/penicillins" "J01CR04,QJ01CR04" "Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins" "Combinations of penicillins, incl. beta-lactamase inhibitors" "sultos" "combisid,sultamicilina,sultamicilline,sultamicillinum,unacid" 1.5 "g" "NA"
"SUR" 46700778 "Surotomycin" "Other antibacterials" "NA" "NA" "surotomicina,surotomycine" "NA"
"TAL" 71447 "Talampicillin" "Beta-lactams/penicillins" "J01CA15,QJ01CA15" "Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins" "Penicillins with extended spectrum" "NA" "aseocillin,phthalidyl,talampicilina,talampicilline,talampicillinum,talpen,yamacillin" 2 "g" "18988-6,479-6,480-4,481-2,482-0"
"TLP" 163307 "Talmetoprim" "Other antibacterials" "NA" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"TAZ" 123630 "Tazobactam" "Beta-lactams/penicillins" "J01CG02,QJ01CG02" "Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins" "Beta-lactamase inhibitors" "tazo,tazoba" "exblifep,tazobactamsalt,tazobactamum,tazobactum" "41719-6,41720-4,41721-2,41740-2"
"TBP" 9800194 "Tebipenem" "Carbapenems" "NA" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"SLF9" 5333 "Sulfanilamide" "Trimethoprims,Sulfonamides" "D06BA05,J01EB06,QD06BA05,QJ01EQ06" "Sulfonamides and trimethoprim" "Short-acting sulfonamides" "NA" "albexan,albosal,ambeside,antistrept,astreptine,astrocid,bacteramid,bactesid,collomide,colsulanyde,copticide,deseptyl,dipron,ergaseptine,erysipan,estreptocida,exoseptoplix,fourneau,gerison,gombardol,hydroxysulfonamide,infepan,lusil,lysococcine,neococcyl,orgaseptine,prontalbin,prontylin,proseptal,proseptine,proseptol,pysococcine,sanamid,septanilam,septinal,septolix,septoplex,septoplix,solfanilamide,stramid,strepamide,strepsan,streptagol,streptamid,streptamin,streptasol,streptocid,streptocide,streptocidum,streptoclase,streptocom,strepton,streptopan,streptosil,streptozol,streptozone,streptrocide,sulfamidyl,sulfamine,sulfana,sulfanalone,sulfanidyl,sulfanil,sulfanilamida,sulfanilamidomethan,sulfanilamidum,sulfanimide,sulfocidin,sulfocidine,sulfonylamide,sulphanilamide,sulphanilamidum,sulphonamide,therapol,tolder" "NA"
"SLF10" 68933 "Sulfaperin" "Trimethoprims,Sulfonamides" "J01ED06" "Sulfonamides and trimethoprim" "Long-acting sulfonamides" "NA" "anastaf,archisulfa,archisulpha,avissul,chemiopen,demosulfan,demosulphan,durisan,isosulfamerazine,isosulphamerazine,methylsulfadiazin,methylsulfadiazine,methylsulphadiazine,novosul,orosulfan,pallidin,retardon,risulfasens,sulfaperina,sulfaperine,sulfaperinum,sulfatreis,sulfopirimidine,sulpenta,sulphaperin,sulphaperina,sulphaperinum" 0.5 "g" "NA"
"SLF11" 5335 "Sulfaphenazole" "Trimethoprims,Sulfonamides" "J01ED08,QJ01EQ08" "Sulfonamides and trimethoprim" "Long-acting sulfonamides" "NA" "depocid,depotsulfonamide,eftolon,firmazolo,inamil,isarol,merian,orisul,orisulf,paidazolo,phenylsulfapyrazole,plisulfan,raziosulfa,solfafenazolo,sulfabid,sulfafenazol,sulfafenazolo,sulfaphenazol,sulfaphenazolum,sulfaphenazon,sulfaphenylpipazol,sulfaphenylpyrazol,sulfaphenylpyrazole,sulfonylpyrazol,sulphaphenazole,sulphenazole" 1 "g" "NA"
"SLF12" 5336 "Sulfapyridine" "Trimethoprims,Sulfonamides" "J01EB04,QJ01EQ04" "Sulfonamides and trimethoprim" "Short-acting sulfonamides" "NA" "adiplon,coccoclase,dagenan,eubasin,eubasinum,haptocil,piridazol,plurazol,pyriamid,pyridazol,relbapiridina,ronin,septipulmon,solfapiridina,soludagenan,streptosilpyridine,sulfapiridina,sulfapyridin,sulfapyridinum,sulfidin,sulfidine,sulphapyridin,sulphapyridine,thioseptal,trianon" 1 "g" "14075-6,55580-5"
"SNA" 60582 "Sulfasuccinamide" "Other" "NA" "NA" "sulfasuccinamid,sulfasuccinamida,sulfasuccinamidum" "NA"
"SUT" 5340 "Sulfathiazole" "Trimethoprims,Sulfonamides" "D06BA02,J01EB07,QD06BA02,QJ01EQ07" "Sulfonamides and trimethoprim" "Short-acting sulfonamides" "sulthi" "azoquimiol,azoseptale,cerazol,cerazole,chemosept,cibazol,duatok,dulana,eleudron,enterobiocine,estafilol,formosulfathiazole,neostrepsan,norsulfasol,norsulfazol,norsulfazole,norsulfazolum,planomide,poliseptil,sanotiazol,septozol,solfatiazolo,soluthiazomide,streptosilthiazole,sulfamul,sulfaplex,sulfathiazol,sulfathiazolesalt,sulfathiazolum,sulfatiazol,sulfavitina,sulfocerol,sulphathiazole,sulzol,thiacoccine,thiasulfol,thiazamide,thiozamide,wintrazole" "87591-4,87796-9,87797-7"
"SLF13" 3000579 "Sulfathiourea" "Trimethoprims,Sulfonamides" "J01EB08" "Sulfonamides and trimethoprim" "Short-acting sulfonamides" "NA" "badional,baldinol,fontamide,salvoseptyl,solfatiourea,solufontamide,sulfanilthiourea,sulfathiocarbamid,sulfathiocarbamide,sulfathiocarbamidum,sulfathioureasalt,sulfathiouree,sulfatiourea,sulphathiourea" 6 "g" "NA"
"SOX" 5344 "Sulfisoxazole" "Other" "NA" "sulfiz" "NA" "11578-2,18986-0,25226-2,471-3,472-1,473-9,474-7,9701-4"
"SSS" 86225 "Sulfonamide" "Other" "NA" "sfna,sulami" "NA" "17674-3,17675-0,18987-8,35842-4,4040-2,4041-0,4042-8,475-4,476-2,477-0,478-8,75650-2"
"SLP" 9950244 "Sulopenem" "Other" "NA" "sulope" "orlynvah" "55289-3,55290-1,55291-9"
"SLT6" 444022 "Sultamicillin" "Penicillins,Beta-lactams,Beta-lactamase inhibitors" "J01CR04,QJ01CR04" "Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins" "Combinations of penicillins, incl. beta-lactamase inhibitors" "sultos" "combisid,sultamicilina,sultamicilline,sultamicillinum,unacid" 1.5 "g" "NA"
"SUR" 46700778 "Surotomycin" "Other" "NA" "NA" "surotomicina,surotomycine" "NA"
"TAL" 71447 "Talampicillin" "Penicillins,Beta-lactams" "J01CA15,QJ01CA15" "Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins" "Penicillins with extended spectrum" "NA" "aseocillin,phthalidyl,talampicilina,talampicilline,talampicillinum,talpen,yamacillin" 2 "g" "18988-6,479-6,480-4,481-2,482-0"
"TLP" 163307 "Talmetoprim" "Other" "NA" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"TAN" 76902493 "Taniborbactam" "Carbapenems,Beta-lactams,Beta-lactamase inhibitors" "NA" "vnrx-5133" "NA" "NA"
"TAZ" 123630 "Tazobactam" "Beta-lactamase inhibitors" "J01CG02,QJ01CG02" "Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins" "Beta-lactamase inhibitors" "tazo,tazoba" "exblifep,tazobactamsalt,tazobactamum,tazobactum" "41719-6,41720-4,41721-2,41740-2"
"TBP" 9800194 "Tebipenem" "Carbapenems,Beta-lactams" "NA" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"TZD" 11234049 "Tedizolid" "Oxazolidinones" "J01XX11,QJ01XX11" "Other antibacterials" "Other antibacterials" "tedi" "torezolid" 0.2 "g" 0.2 "g" "73586-0,73608-2,73631-4"
"TEC" 16131923 "Teicoplanin" "Glycopeptides" "J01XA02,QJ01XA02" "Other antibacterials" "Glycopeptide antibacterials" "tec,tei,teic,teicop,tp,tpl,tpn" "NA" 0.4 "g" "18989-4,25534-9,25535-6,34378-0,34379-8,4043-6,483-8,484-6,485-3,486-1,7051-6,80968-1"
"TCM" "Teicoplanin-macromethod" "Glycopeptides" "NA" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"TLV" 3081362 "Telavancin" "Glycopeptides" "J01XA03,QJ01XA03" "Other antibacterials" "Glycopeptide antibacterials" "tela,telava" "arbelic,nvancomycin,televancin" "72894-9,73630-6,85051-1,88886-7"
"TLT" 3002190 "Telithromycin" "Macrolides/lincosamides" "J01FA15,QJ01FA15" "Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins" "Macrolides" "teli,telith" "ketek,levviax" 0.8 "g" "35843-2,35844-0,35845-7,41722-0"
"TMX" 60021 "Temafloxacin" "Fluoroquinolones" "J01MA05,QJ01MA05" "Quinolone antibacterials" "Fluoroquinolones" "tema,temafl" "omniflox,temafloxacina,temafloxacine,temafloxacino,temafloxacinum" 0.8 "g" "18990-2,487-9,488-7,489-5,490-3"
"TEM" 171758 "Temocillin" "Beta-lactams/penicillins" "J01CA17,QJ01CA17" "Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins" "Penicillins with extended spectrum" "temo,temoci" "negaban,temocilina,temocillina,temocilline,temocillinum" 4 "g" "18991-0,491-1,492-9,493-7,494-5,54190-4"
"TRB" 1549008 "Terbinafine" "Antifungals/antimycotics" "D01AE15,D01BA02,QD01AE15,QD01BA02" "Antifungals for systemic use" "Antifungals for systemic use" "terb" "afogan,bramazil,bramizil,corbinal,lamasil,lamisil,muzonal,shoprite,terbina,terbinafina,terbinafinum,terbine,terbinex,terbisil,zabel" 0.25 "g" "10720-1,10721-9,18992-8"
"TRC" 441383 "Terconazole" "Antifungals/antimycotics" "G01AG02,QG01AG02" "NA" "fungistat,panlomyc,terazol,terconazol,terconazolum,tercospor,tetrazol,triaconazole,zazole" "55196-0"
"TLV" 3081362 "Telavancin" "Lipoglycopeptides,Glycopeptides" "J01XA03,QJ01XA03" "Other antibacterials" "Glycopeptide antibacterials" "tela,telava" "arbelic,nvancomycin,televancin" "72894-9,73630-6,85051-1,88886-7"
"TLT" 3002190 "Telithromycin" "Macrolides" "J01FA15,QJ01FA15" "Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins" "Macrolides" "teli,telith" "ketek,levviax" 0.8 "g" "35843-2,35844-0,35845-7,41722-0"
"TMX" 60021 "Temafloxacin" "Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones" "J01MA05,QJ01MA05" "Quinolone antibacterials" "Fluoroquinolones" "tema,temafl" "omniflox,temafloxacina,temafloxacine,temafloxacino,temafloxacinum" 0.8 "g" "18990-2,487-9,488-7,489-5,490-3"
"TEM" 171758 "Temocillin" "Penicillins,Beta-lactams" "J01CA17,QJ01CA17" "Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins" "Penicillins with extended spectrum" "temo,temoci" "negaban,temocilina,temocillina,temocilline,temocillinum" 4 "g" "18991-0,491-1,492-9,493-7,494-5,54190-4"
"TRB" 1549008 "Terbinafine" "Antifungals" "D01AE15,D01BA02,QD01AE15,QD01BA02" "Antifungals for systemic use" "Antifungals for systemic use" "terb" "afogan,bramazil,bramizil,corbinal,lamasil,lamisil,muzonal,shoprite,terbina,terbinafina,terbinafinum,terbine,terbinex,terbisil,zabel" 0.25 "g" "10720-1,10721-9,18992-8"
"TRC" 441383 "Terconazole" "Antifungals" "G01AG02,QG01AG02" "NA" "fungistat,panlomyc,terazol,terconazol,terconazolum,tercospor,tetrazol,triaconazole,zazole" "55196-0"
"TRZ" 65720 "Terizidone" "Antimycobacterials" "J04AK03,QJ04AK03" "Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis" "Other drugs for treatment of tuberculosis" "NA" "terivalidin,terizidona,terizidonum" "NA"
"TCY" 54675776 "Tetracycline" "Tetracyclines" "A01AB13,D06AA04,J01AA07,QA01AB13,QD06AA04,QG01AA90,QG51AA02,QJ01AA07,QJ51AA07,QS01AA09,QS02AA08,QS03AA02,S01AA09,S02AA08,S03AA02" "Tetracyclines" "Tetracyclines" "tc,te,tet,tetcyc,tetr,tetra" "abramycin,abricycline,agromicina,ambramicina,ambramycin,biocycline,brodspec,cefracycline,centet,ciclibion,copharlan,criseociclina,democracin,deschlorobiomycin,economycin,hostacyclin,lexacycline,limecycline,liquamycin,mericycline,micycline,neocycline,omegamycin,orlycycline,panmycin,purocyclina,roviciclina,solvocin,tetrabon,tetraciclina,tetracyclinehydrate,tetracyclinum,tetracyn,tetradecin,tetrafil,tetraverine,tetrazyklin,tsiklomistsin,tsiklomitsin,veracin,vetacyclinum" 1 "g" 1 "g" "101504-9,18993-6,25272-6,4045-1,495-2,496-0,497-8,498-6,7052-4,87590-6"
"TCY-S" "Tetracycline screening test" "Tetracyclines" "NA" "tcy screen" "NA" "NA"
"TOL" 54691494 "Tetracycline/oleandomycin" "Other antibacterials" "J01RA08,QJ01RA08" "Combinations of antibacterials" "Combinations of antibacterials" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"TET" 65450 "Tetroxoprim" "Other antibacterials" "NA" "NA" "primsol,tetroxoprima,tetroxoprime,tetroxoprimum,trimpex,trimplex" "NA"
"TOL" 54691494 "Tetracycline/oleandomycin" "Other" "J01RA08,QJ01RA08" "Combinations of antibacterials" "Combinations of antibacterials" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"TET" 65450 "Tetroxoprim" "Other" "NA" "NA" "primsol,tetroxoprima,tetroxoprime,tetroxoprimum,trimpex,trimplex" "NA"
"THA" 9568512 "Thiacetazone" "Oxazolidinones" "NA" "NA" "acetanilide,aktivan,ambathizon,amitiozon,antib,benthiozone,benzothiozane,benzothiozon,berkazon,citazone,conteben,diasan,domakol,ilbion,livazone,mivizon,myvizone,neotibil,neustab,novakol,panrone,parazone,seroden,siocarbazone,tebalon,tebecure,tebemar,tebethion,tebethione,tebezon,thiacetone,thiacetozone,thibon,thibone,thioacetazon,thioacetazonum,thioazetazone,thiocarbazil,thiomicid,thionicid,thioparamizon,thioparamizone,thiosemicarbarzone,thiosemicarbazone,thiotebesin,thiotebezin,thiotebicina,thizone,tiacetazon,tibicur,tibion,tibione,tibizan,tibon,tibone,tioacetazon,tioacetazona,tioatsetazon,tiobicina,tiocarone,tiosecolo,tubercazon,tubigal,tubin" "32384-0,54184-7,54204-3"
"THI" 27200 "Thiamphenicol" "Phenicols" "J01BA02,QJ01BA02,QJ51BA02" "Amphenicols" "Amphenicols" "thiaph" "armai,dextrosulfenidol,dextrosulphenidol,igralin,racefenicol,racefenicolo,racefenicolum,raceophenidol,thiamphenicolum,thiocymetin,thiophenicol,tiamfenicol,tiamfenicolo,urfamycine" 1.5 "g" 1.5 "g" "41723-8,41724-6,41725-3,54169-8"
"TAT" 9568512 "Thioacetazone" "Antimycobacterials" "J04AK07,QJ04AK07" "Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis" "Other drugs for treatment of tuberculosis" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"THI1" "Thioacetazone/isoniazid" "Antimycobacterials" "J04AM04,QJ04AM04" "Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis" "Combinations of drugs for treatment of tuberculosis" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"TIA" 656958 "Tiamulin" "Other antibacterials" "QJ01XQ01" "tiamul" "denagard,thiamutilin,tiamulina,tiamuline,tiamulinum" "35846-5,35847-3,35848-1,87589-8"
"TIC" 36921 "Ticarcillin" "Beta-lactams/penicillins" "J01CA13,QJ01CA13" "Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins" "Penicillins with extended spectrum" "tc,ti,tic,tica,ticarc" "ticar,ticarcilina,ticarcilline,ticarcillinum,timentin" 15 "g" "18994-4,18995-1,25254-4,4054-3,4055-0,499-4,500-9,501-7,502-5,503-3,504-1,505-8,506-6,55716-5,55717-3,55718-1,55719-9,7053-2,7054-0"
"TCC" 6437075 "Ticarcillin/clavulanic acid" "Beta-lactams/penicillins" "J01CR03,QJ01CR03" "Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins" "Combinations of penicillins, incl. beta-lactamase inhibitors" "t/c,tcc,ticcla,ticl,tim,tlc" "augpenin" 15 "g" "NA"
"TIA" 656958 "Tiamulin" "Other" "QJ01XQ01" "tiamul" "denagard,thiamutilin,tiamulina,tiamuline,tiamulinum" "35846-5,35847-3,35848-1,87589-8"
"TIC" 36921 "Ticarcillin" "Penicillins,Beta-lactams" "J01CA13,QJ01CA13" "Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins" "Penicillins with extended spectrum" "tc,ti,tic,tica,ticarc" "ticar,ticarcilina,ticarcilline,ticarcillinum,timentin" 15 "g" "18994-4,18995-1,25254-4,4054-3,4055-0,499-4,500-9,501-7,502-5,503-3,504-1,505-8,506-6,55716-5,55717-3,55718-1,55719-9,7053-2,7054-0"
"TCC" 6437075 "Ticarcillin/clavulanic acid" "Penicillins,Beta-lactams,Beta-lactamase inhibitors" "J01CR03,QJ01CR03" "Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins" "Combinations of penicillins, incl. beta-lactamase inhibitors" "t/c,tcc,ticcla,ticl,tim,tlc" "augpenin" 15 "g" "NA"
"TGC" 54686904 "Tigecycline" "Tetracyclines" "J01AA12,QJ01AA12" "Tetracyclines" "Tetracyclines" "tgc,tig,tige,tigecy" "tigeciclina,tigecyclin,tigecyclinehydrate,tigilcycline,tygacil" 0.1 "g" "101499-2,42354-1,42355-8,42356-6,42357-4,55158-0"
"TMN" "Tigemonam" "Monobactams" "NA" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"TBQ" 65592 "Tilbroquinol" "Fluoroquinolones" "P01AA05" "NA" "tilbroquinolum" "NA"
"TIP" 24860548 "Tildipirosin" "Macrolides/lincosamides" "QJ01FA96" "NA" "zuprevo" "100060-3,88375-1,88377-7"
"TIL" 5282521 "Tilmicosin" "Macrolides/lincosamides" "QJ01FA91" "tilmic" "micotil,pulmotil,tilmicosina,tilmicosine,tilmicosinum,tilmovet" "35849-9,35850-7,35851-5,87588-0"
"TIN" 5479 "Tinidazole" "Other antibacterials" "G01AF21,J01XD02,P01AB02,QG01AF21,QJ01XD02,QP51AA02" "Other antibacterials" "Imidazole derivatives" "tini" "amtiba,bioshik,fasigin,fasigyn,glongyn,haisigyn,isotinidazole,pletil,protozol,simplotan,sorquetan,symplotan,tindamax,tindazole,tinidazolum,tricolam,trimonase" 2 "g" 1.5 "g" "54928-7,55720-7,55721-5,55722-3"
"TMN" "Tigemonam" "Monobactams,Beta-lactams" "NA" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"TBQ" 65592 "Tilbroquinol" "Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones" "P01AA05" "NA" "tilbroquinolum" "NA"
"TIP" 24860548 "Tildipirosin" "Macrolides" "QJ01FA96" "NA" "zuprevo" "100060-3,88375-1,88377-7"
"TIL" 5282521 "Tilmicosin" "Macrolides" "QJ01FA91" "tilmic" "micotil,pulmotil,tilmicosina,tilmicosine,tilmicosinum,tilmovet" "35849-9,35850-7,35851-5,87588-0"
"TIN" 5479 "Tinidazole" "Other" "G01AF21,J01XD02,P01AB02,QG01AF21,QJ01XD02,QP51AA02" "Other antibacterials" "Imidazole derivatives" "tini" "amtiba,bioshik,fasigin,fasigyn,glongyn,haisigyn,isotinidazole,pletil,protozol,simplotan,sorquetan,symplotan,tindamax,tindazole,tinidazolum,tricolam,trimonase" 2 "g" 1.5 "g" "54928-7,55720-7,55721-5,55722-3"
"TCR" 3001386 "Tiocarlide" "Antimycobacterials" "J04AD02,QJ04AD02" "Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis" "Thiocarbamide derivatives" "NA" "aethoksid,aethoxydum,amixyl,datanil,disocarban,disoxyl,ethoxide,etocarlid,etocarlida,etocarlide,etocarlidum,etoksid,thiocarlide,tiocarlid,tiocarlida,tiocarlidum" 7 "g" "NA"
"TDC" 10247721 "Tiodonium chloride" "Other antibacterials" "NA" "NA" "tiodonium" "NA"
"TXC" 65788 "Tioxacin" "Fluoroquinolones" "NA" "NA" "tioxacine,tioxacino,tioxacinum" "NA"
"TIZ" 394397 "Tizoxanide" "Other antibacterials" "NA" "NA" "NA" "73585-2,73607-4,73629-8"
"TDC" 10247721 "Tiodonium chloride" "Other" "NA" "NA" "tiodonium" "NA"
"TXC" 65788 "Tioxacin" "Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones" "NA" "NA" "tioxacine,tioxacino,tioxacinum" "NA"
"TIZ" 394397 "Tizoxanide" "Other" "NA" "NA" "NA" "73585-2,73607-4,73629-8"
"TOB" 36294 "Tobramycin" "Aminoglycosides" "J01GB01,QJ01GB01,QS01AA12,S01AA12" "Aminoglycoside antibacterials" "Other aminoglycosides" "nn,tm,to,tob,tobr,tobram" "aktob,bethkis,distobram,gotabiotic,kitabis,nebcin,nebicin,nebramycin,tenebrimycin,tenemycin,tobacin,tobracin,tobradex,tobradistin,tobralex,tobramaxin,tobramicin,tobramicina,tobramitsetin,tobramycetin,tobramycine,tobramycinum,tobrased,tobrex" 0.24 "g" "101496-8,13584-8,17808-7,18996-9,22750-4,22751-2,22752-0,25227-0,25800-4,31094-6,31095-3,31096-1,35239-3,35670-9,4057-6,4058-4,4059-2,507-4,508-2,509-0,50927-3,510-8,52962-8,59380-6,7055-7,80966-5"
"TOH" "Tobramycin-high" "Aminoglycosides" "NA" "tobra high,tobramycin high,tohl" "NA" "NA"
"TFX" 5517 "Tosufloxacin" "Fluoroquinolones" "J01MA22,QJ01MA22,QS01AE09,S01AE09" "tosufl" "NA" 0.45 "g" "100061-1,76146-0"
"TFX" 5517 "Tosufloxacin" "Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones" "J01MA22,QJ01MA22,QS01AE09,S01AE09" "tosufl" "NA" 0.45 "g" "100061-1,76146-0"
"TMP" 5578 "Trimethoprim" "Trimethoprims" "J01EA01,QJ01EA01,QJ51EA01" "Sulfonamides and trimethoprim" "Trimethoprim and derivatives" "t,tmp,tr,tri,trim,w" "abaprim,anitrim,antrima,antrimox,bacdan,bacidal,bacide,bacin,bacterial,bacticel,bactifor,bactoprim,bactramin,bencole,bethaprim,biosulten,briscotrim,chemotrin,colizole,conprim,cotrimel,deprim,dosulfin,duocide,esbesul,espectrin,euctrim,exbesul,fermagex,fortrim,futin,ikaprim,infectotrimet,instalac,kombinax,lagatrim,lastrim,lescot,monoprim,monotrim,monotrimin,novotrimel,omstat,pancidim,proloprim,protrin,purbal,resprim,roubac,roubal,salvatrim,setprin,sinotrim,stopan,streptoplus,sugaprim,sulfamar,sulfoxaprim,sulthrim,sultrex,syraprim,tiempe,trimethioprim,trimethoprime,trimethoprimum,trimethopriom,trimetoprim,trimetoprima,trimexol,trimezol,trimogal,trimono,trimopan,triprim,trisul,trisulcom,trisulfam,trisural,uretrim,urobactrim,utetrin,velaten,wellcoprim,wellcoprin,xeroprim,zamboprim" 0.4 "g" 0.4 "g" "101495-0,11005-6,17747-7,18997-7,18998-5,20387-7,23614-1,23631-5,25273-4,32342-8,4079-0,4080-8,4081-6,511-6,512-4,513-2,514-0,515-7,516-5,517-3,518-1,55584-7,7056-5,7057-3,80552-3,80973-1"
"SXT" 358641 "Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole" "Trimethoprims" "J01EE01" "Sulfonamides and trimethoprim" "Combinations of sulfonamides and trimethoprim, incl. derivatives" "cot,cotrim,sxt,t/s,tms,trisul,trsu,trsx,ts" "abacin,abactrim,agoprim,alfatrim,aposulfatrim,bacteral,bactilen,bactiver,bacton,bactoreduct,bactrim,bactrizol,bactromin,bactropin,baktar,benzenesulfonamide,berlocid,bibacrim,biseptol,centran,centrin,chemitrim,chemotrim,ciplin,comox,cotribene,cotrim,cotrimhexal,cotrimoxazol,cotrimoxazole,cotrimstada,cotriver,dibaprim,drylin,duratrimet,eltrianyl,escoprim,eslectin,esteprim,eusaprim,fectrim,gamazole,gantanol,gantaprim,gantaprin,gantrim,groprim,helveprim,imexim,insozalin,jenamoxazol,kemoprim,kepinol,laratrim,linaris,maxtrim,metoxal,microtrim,mikrosid,momentol,nopil,oecotrim,omsat,oriprim,oxaprim,pantoprim,potrox,primazole,radonil,septra,septrim,servitrim,sigaprim,sigaprin,sulfatrim,sulfotrim,sulfotrimin,sulmeprim,sulprim,sumetrolim,supracombin,suprim,tacumil,teleprim,teleprin,thiocuran,tribakin,trifen,trigonyl,trimedin,trimesulf,trimethoprimsulfa,trimetoger,trimexazol,trimezole,trimforte,trimosulfa,uroplus" "101495-0,18998-5,20387-7,23631-5,25273-4,32342-8,4081-6,515-7,516-5,517-3,518-1,7057-3"
"TRL" 202225 "Troleandomycin" "Macrolides/lincosamides" "J01FA08,QJ01FA08" "Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins" "Macrolides" "NA" "aovine,cyclamycin,evramicina,matromicina,oleandocetin,oleandocetine,tekmisin,treolmicina,tribiocillina,triocetin,triolan,troleandomicina,troleandomycine,troleandomycinum,viamicina,wytrion" 1 "g" "18999-3,519-9,520-7,521-5,522-3"
"TRO" 55886 "Trospectomycin" "Other antibacterials" "NA" "trospe" "trospectinomycin,trospectomicina,trospectomycine,trospectomycinum" "NA"
"TVA" 62959 "Trovafloxacin" "Fluoroquinolones" "J01MA13,QJ01MA13" "Quinolone antibacterials" "Fluoroquinolones" "trov,trovaf" "trovan,turvel" 0.2 "g" 0.2 "g" "23642-2,23643-0,35855-6,7058-1"
"TUL" 9832301 "Tulathromycin" "Macrolides/lincosamides" "QJ01FA94" "tulath" "arovyn,draxxin,increxxa,macrosyn,tulieve,tulissin" "76149-4,87798-5"
"TYL" 5280440 "Tylosin" "Macrolides/lincosamides" "QJ01FA90,QJ51FA90" "tylo" "fradizine,tilosina,tylan,tylocine,tylosine,tylosinum,vubityl" "35856-4,35857-2,35858-0,87587-2"
"TYL1" 6441094 "Tylvalosin" "Macrolides/lincosamides" "QJ01FA92" "tvn" "aivlosin" "101526-2,87586-4"
"PRU1" 124225 "Ulifloxacin (Prulifloxacin)" "Other antibacterials" "NA" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"TRL" 202225 "Troleandomycin" "Macrolides" "J01FA08,QJ01FA08" "Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins" "Macrolides" "NA" "aovine,cyclamycin,evramicina,matromicina,oleandocetin,oleandocetine,tekmisin,treolmicina,tribiocillina,triocetin,triolan,troleandomicina,troleandomycine,troleandomycinum,viamicina,wytrion" 1 "g" "18999-3,519-9,520-7,521-5,522-3"
"TRO" 55886 "Trospectomycin" "Other" "NA" "trospe" "trospectinomycin,trospectomicina,trospectomycine,trospectomycinum" "NA"
"TVA" 62959 "Trovafloxacin" "Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones" "J01MA13,QJ01MA13" "Quinolone antibacterials" "Fluoroquinolones" "trov,trovaf" "trovan,turvel" 0.2 "g" 0.2 "g" "23642-2,23643-0,35855-6,7058-1"
"TUL" 9832301 "Tulathromycin" "Macrolides" "QJ01FA94" "tulath" "arovyn,draxxin,increxxa,macrosyn,tulieve,tulissin" "76149-4,87798-5"
"TYL" 5280440 "Tylosin" "Macrolides" "QJ01FA90,QJ51FA90" "tylo" "fradizine,tilosina,tylan,tylocine,tylosine,tylosinum,vubityl" "35856-4,35857-2,35858-0,87587-2"
"TYL1" 6441094 "Tylvalosin" "Macrolides" "QJ01FA92" "tvn" "aivlosin" "101526-2,87586-4"
"PRU1" 124225 "Ulifloxacin (Prulifloxacin)" "Other" "NA" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"VAN" 14969 "Vancomycin" "Glycopeptides" "A07AA09,J01XA01,QA07AA09,QJ01XA01,QS01AA28,S01AA28" "Other antibacterials" "Glycopeptide antibacterials" "va,van,vanc,vancom" "vancocin,vancoled,vancomicina,vancomycine,vancomycinum" 2 "g" 2 "g" "13586-3,13587-1,19000-9,20578-1,23615-8,25228-8,31012-8,39092-2,39796-8,39797-6,4089-9,4090-7,4091-5,4092-3,50938-0,523-1,524-9,525-6,526-4,59381-4,7059-9,92241-9,97657-1"
"VAM" "Vancomycin-macromethod" "Glycopeptides" "NA" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"VIO" 135398671 "Viomycin" "Antimycobacterials" "NA" "NA" "florimycin,floromycin,vioactane,viocin,viomicin,viomicina,viomycine,viomycinum" "19001-7,23616-6,527-2,528-0,529-8,530-6"
"VIR" 11979535 "Virginiamycine" "Other antibacterials" "NA" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"VOR" 71616 "Voriconazole" "Antifungals/antimycotics" "J02AC03,QJ02AC03" "Antimycotics for systemic use" "Triazole derivatives" "vori,vorico,vrc" "vfend,voriconazol,voriconazolum,voriconzole,vorikonazole" 0.4 "g" 0.4 "g" "32379-0,35862-2,35863-0,38370-3,41199-1,41200-7,53902-3,73676-9,80553-1,80651-3"
"XBR" 72144 "Xibornol" "Other antibacterials" "J01XX02,QJ01XX02" "Other antibacterials" "Other antibacterials" "NA" "bactacine,bracen,nanbacine,xibornolo,xibornolum" "NA"
"ZID" 77846445 "Zidebactam" "Other antibacterials" "NA" "NA" "zidebactamsalt" "NA"
"ZFD" "Zoliflodacin" "NA" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"VIR" 11979535 "Virginiamycine" "Other" "NA" "NA" "NA" "NA"
"VOR" 71616 "Voriconazole" "Antifungals" "J02AC03,QJ02AC03" "Antimycotics for systemic use" "Triazole derivatives" "vori,vorico,vrc" "vfend,voriconazol,voriconazolum,voriconzole,vorikonazole" 0.4 "g" 0.4 "g" "32379-0,35862-2,35863-0,38370-3,41199-1,41200-7,53902-3,73676-9,80553-1,80651-3"
"XBR" 72144 "Xibornol" "Other" "J01XX02,QJ01XX02" "Other antibacterials" "Other antibacterials" "NA" "bactacine,bracen,nanbacine,xibornolo,xibornolum" "NA"
"ZID" 77846445 "Zidebactam" "Beta-lactamase inhibitors" "NA" "NA" "zidebactamsalt" "NA"
"ZFD" "Zoliflodacin" "Spiropyrimidinetriones" "NA" "zol" "NA" "NA"

Binary file not shown.

Binary file not shown.

Binary file not shown.

File diff suppressed because it is too large Load Diff

View File

@@ -1 +1 @@
5908f9e6e7687dfb8301d27fb26d1790
6dc4dded108052760bfb626df03435e2

View File

@@ -280,7 +280,8 @@ Antifungals FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE Antifungals مضادات الفطريات অ
Antifungals/antimycotics FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE Antifungals/antimycotics مضادات الفطريات/الفطريات المُمرِضة অ্যান্টিফাঙ্গালস/অ্যান্টিমাইকোটিকস 抗真菌药/抗真菌药 Antimykotika/antimykotika Antimykotika/antimykotika Antifungica/antimycotica Sienilääkkeet/antimykootit Antifongiques/antimycotiques Antimykotika/Antimykotika Αντιμυκητιασικά/αντιμυκητιασικά प्रतिफफूंद/प्रतिमाइकोटिक्स Antijamur/antimikotik Antifungini/antimicotici 抗真菌剤/抗真菌剤 항진균제/항진균성약물 Soppdrepende midler/antimykotika Środki przeciwgrzybicze/przeciwmikotyczne Antifúngicos/antimicóticos Antifungice/antimicrotice Противогрибковые препараты/антимикотики Antifúngicos/antimicóticos Dawa za kuua kuvu/antimaikoti Antimykotika/antimykotika Antifungaller/antimikotikler Протигрибкові засоби/антимікотики فنگس/اینٹی مائیکوٹک Thuốc chống nấm/kháng nấm
Antimycobacterials FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE Antimycobacterials مضادات الفطريات الحمضية المقاومة অ্যান্টিমাইকোব্যাকটেরিয়ালস 抗霉菌素类 Antimykobakteriální látky Antimycobakterier Antimycobacteriele middelen Antimykobakteerit Antimycobactériens Antimykobakterielle Mittel Αντιμυκοβακτηριακά प्रतिमाइकोबैक्टीरियल्स Antimikobakteri Antimicobatterici 抗マイコバクテリア薬 항항산균제 Antimykobakterielle midler Środki przeciwgrzybicze Antimycobacterials Antimicobacteriene Антимикобактериальные препараты Antimicrobianos Dawa dhidi ya mykobakteria Antimykobakterier Antimikobakteriyeller Засоби, що діють на мікобактерії اینٹی مائیکوبیکٹیریل Thuốc chống trực khuẩn kháng axit
Beta-lactams/penicillins FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE Beta-lactams/penicillins البيتا-لاكتامات/البنسلينات বেটা-ল্যাকটামস/পেনিসিলিনস β-内酰胺类/青霉素类 Beta-laktamy/peniciliny Beta-lactamer/penicilliner Beta-lactams/penicillines Beetalaktaamit/penisilliinit Bêta-lactamines/pénicillines Beta-Lactame/Penicilline Β-λακτάμες/πενικιλλίνες बीटा-लैक्टाम्स/पेनिसिलिन्स Beta-laktam/penisilin Beta-lattami/penicilline β-ラクタム系/ペニシリン系抗菌薬 베타-락탐/페니실린 Betalaktamer/penicilliner Beta-laktamy/penicyliny Beta-lactâmicas/penicilinas Beta-lactame/peniciline Бета-лактамы/пенициллины Beta-lactámicos/penicilinas Betalaktamu/penisilini Beta-laktamer/penicilliner Beta-laktamlar/penisilinler Бета-лактами/пеніциліни بیٹا لیکٹمز/پینسلنز Beta-lactam/penicillin
Betalactams FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE Betalactams البيتا-لاكتامات বেটা-ল্যাকটামস β-内酰胺类 Beta-laktamy Beta-lactamer Beta-lactams Beetalaktaamit Bêta-lactamines Beta-Lactame Β-λακτάμες बीटा-लैक्टाम्स Beta-laktam Beta-lattami β-ラクタム系抗菌薬 베타-락탐 Betalaktamer Beta-laktamy Beta-lactâmicas Beta-lactame Бета-лактамы Beta-lactámicos Betalaktamu Betalaktamer Beta-laktamlar Бета-лактами بیٹا لیکٹمز Beta-lactam
Beta-lactams FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE Betalactams البيتا-لاكتامات বেটা-ল্যাকটামস β-内酰胺类 Beta-laktamy Beta-lactamer Beta-lactams Beetalaktaamit Bêta-lactamines Beta-Lactame Β-λακτάμες बीटा-लैक्टाम्स Beta-laktam Beta-lattami β-ラクタム系抗菌薬 베타-락탐 Betalaktamer Beta-laktamy Beta-lactâmicas Beta-lactame Бета-лактамы Beta-lactámicos Betalaktamu Betalaktamer Beta-laktamlar Бета-лактами بیٹا لیکٹمز Beta-lactam
Beta-lactamase inhibitors FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE Beta-lactamase inhibitors مثبطات بيتا-لاكتاماز বেটা-ল্যাকটামেজ ইনহিবিটরস β-内酰胺酶抑制剂 Inhibitory beta-laktamázy Beta-laktamasehæmmere Beta-lactamaseremmers Beetalaktamaasin estäjät Inhibiteurs de bêta-lactamase Beta-Laktamase-Inhibitoren Αναστολείς β-λακταμάσης बीटा-लैक्टामेज़ अवरोधक Inhibitor beta-laktamase Inibitori delle beta-lattamasi β-ラクタマーゼ阻害薬 베타-락타마제 억제제 Beta-laktamasehemmere Inhibitory beta-laktamaz Inibidores da beta-lactamase Inhibitori de beta-lactamază Ингибиторы бета-лактамаз Inhibidores de beta-lactamasa Vizuizi vya beta-laktamasi Beta-laktamashämmare Beta-laktamaz inhibitörleri Інгібітори бета-лактамаз بیٹا لیکٹامیز انہیبیٹرز Chất ức chế beta-lactamase
Carbapenems FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE Carbapenems الكاربابينيمات কার্বাপেনেমস 碳青霉烯类 Karbapenemy Carbapenemer Carbapenems Karbapeneemit Carbapénèmes Carbapeneme Καρβαπενέμες कार्बापेनेम्स Karbapenem Carbapenemi カルバペネム系抗生物質 카르바페넴 Carbapenemer Karbapenemy Carbapenêmicos Carbapeneme Карбапенемы Carbapenémicos Karbapenemu Carbapenemer Karbapenemler Карбапенеми کارباپینیمز Carbapenem
Cephalosporins FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE Cephalosporins السيفالوسبورينات সেফালোসপরিনস 头孢菌素类 Cefalosporiny Cefalosporiner Cefalosporines Kefalosporiinit Céphalosporines Cephalosporine Κεφαλοσπορίνες सेफालोस्पोरिन्स Sefalosporin Cefalosporine セファロスポリン 세팔로스포린 Cefalosporiner Cefalosporyny Cefalosporinas Cefalosporine Цефалоспорины Cefalosporinas Sefalosporini Kefalosporiner Sefalosporinler Цефалоспорини سیفالوسپورنز Cephalosporin
Cephalosporins (1st gen.) FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE Cephalosporins (1st gen.) السيفالوسبورينات (الجيل الأول) সেফালোসপরিনস (১ম প্রজন্ম) 头孢菌素类(第一代) Cefalosporiny (1. gen.) Cefalosporiner (1. gen.) Cefalosporines (1e gen.) Kefalosporiinit (1. suk.) Céphalosporines (1ère génération) Cephalosporine (1. Gen.) Κεφαλοσπορίνες (1ου γένους) सेफालोस्पोरिन्स (प्रथम पीढ़ी) Sefalosporin (generasi 1) Cefalosporine (1° gen.) セファロスポリン系抗生物質第1世代 세팔로스포린 (1세대) Cefalosporiner (1. generasjon) Cefalosporyny (1. gen.) Cefalosporinas (1º género) Cefalosporine (prima generație) Цефалоспорины (1-го пок.) Cefalosporinas (1er gen.) Sefalosporini (kizazi cha 1) Kefalosporiner (första gen.) Sefalosporinler (1. kuşak) Цефалоспорини (1 пок.) سیفالوسپورنز (پہلی نسل) Cephalosporin (thế hệ 1)
@@ -302,6 +303,7 @@ Other antibacterials FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE Other antibacterials مضادات ب
Oxazolidinones FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE Oxazolidinones الأوكسازوليدينونات অক্সাজোলিডিনোনস 恶唑烷酮类 Oxazolidinone Oxazolidinones Oxazolidinonen Oxazolidinonit Oxazolidinones Oxazolidinone Οξαζολιδινόνες ऑक्साज़ोलिडिनोन्स Oksazolidinon Oxazolidinonas オキサゾリジノン 옥사졸리디논 Oxazolidinones Oksazolidynony Oxazolidinonas Oxazolidinone Оксазолидиноны Oxazolidinonas Oxazolidinoni Oxazolidinones Oxazolidinonlar Оксазолідинони اوکسا زولڈی نونز Oxazolidinone
Penicillins FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE Penicillins البنسلينات পেনিসিলিনস 青霉素类 Пенициллины Penicillins Penicillines Penisilliinit Pénicillines Penicillins Πενικιλίνες पेनिसिलिन्स Penisilin Penicilinas ペニシリン 페니실린 Penicillins Penicyliny Penicilinas Peniciline Пенициллины Penicilinas Penisilini Penicillins Penisilinler Пеніциліни پینسلن Penicillin
Phenicols FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE Phenicols الفينيكولات ফেনিকলস 酚类抗生素 Phenikoly Fenicoler Fenicols Fenikolit Phénicols Phenicol Φαινικόλες फेनिकोल्स Fenikol Fenicoli フェニコール 페니콜 Fenicoler Fenikole Fenicóis Fenicoli Фениколы Fenicoles Fenikoli Fenicoler Fenikoller Фенікони فینیکولز Phenicols
Phosphonics FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE Phosphonics الفوسفونيّات ফসফোনিকস 膦酸类 Phosphonáty Fosfonater Fosfonaten Fosfonaatit Phosphoniques Phosphonates Φωσφονικά फॉस्फ़ोनिक्स Fosfonik Fosfonici ホスホン酸系抗菌薬 포스포닉계 Fosfonater Fosfoniany Fosfônicos Fosfonați Фосфоники Fosfónicos Fosfoniki Fosfonater Fosfonikler Фосфоніки فاسفونکس Các hợp chất phosphonic
Polymyxins FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE Polymyxins البوليميكسينات পলিমিক্সিনস 多粘菌素类 Polymyxiny Polymyxiner Polymyxines Polymysiinit Polymyxines Polymyxine Πολυμυξίνες पॉलीमिक्सिन्स Polimiksin Polimixine ポリミキシン 폴리믹신 Polymyxiner Polimyksyny Polimixinas Polimixine Полимиксины Polimixinas Polimiksini Polymyxiner Polimiksinler Поліміксини پولی مائکسینز Polymyxin
Quinolones FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE Quinolones الكوينولونات কুইনোলোনস 喹诺酮类 Chinolony Kinoloner Quinolonen Kinolonit Quinolones Quinolone Κινολόνες क्विनोलोन्स Kuinalon Chinoloni キノロン 퀴놀론 Kinoloner Quinolony Quinolones Quinolone Хинолоны Quinolonas Kinoloni Kinoloner Kinolonlar Хінолони کوئنولونز Quinolone
Rifamycins FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE Rifamycins الريفاميسينات রিফামাইসিনস 利福霉素类 Rifamycine Rifamycins Rifamycinen Rifamysiinit Rifamycines Rifamycine Ριφαμυκίνες रिफामाइसिन्स Rifamisin Rifamicinas リファマイシン 리팜이신 Rifamycins Rifamycyny Rifamycinas Rifamicine Рифамицины Rifamicinas Rifamasini Rifamycins Rifamisinler Рифаміцини ریفامائسنز Rifamycin
1 pattern regular_expr case_sensitive affect_ab_name affect_mo_name en ar bn zh cs da nl fi fr de el hi id it ja ko no pl pt ro ru es sw sv tr uk ur vi
280 Antifungals/antimycotics FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE Antifungals/antimycotics مضادات الفطريات/الفطريات المُمرِضة অ্যান্টিফাঙ্গালস/অ্যান্টিমাইকোটিকস 抗真菌药/抗真菌药 Antimykotika/antimykotika Antimykotika/antimykotika Antifungica/antimycotica Sienilääkkeet/antimykootit Antifongiques/antimycotiques Antimykotika/Antimykotika Αντιμυκητιασικά/αντιμυκητιασικά प्रतिफफूंद/प्रतिमाइकोटिक्स Antijamur/antimikotik Antifungini/antimicotici 抗真菌剤/抗真菌剤 항진균제/항진균성약물 Soppdrepende midler/antimykotika Środki przeciwgrzybicze/przeciwmikotyczne Antifúngicos/antimicóticos Antifungice/antimicrotice Противогрибковые препараты/антимикотики Antifúngicos/antimicóticos Dawa za kuua kuvu/antimaikoti Antimykotika/antimykotika Antifungaller/antimikotikler Протигрибкові засоби/антимікотики فنگس/اینٹی مائیکوٹک Thuốc chống nấm/kháng nấm
281 Antimycobacterials FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE Antimycobacterials مضادات الفطريات الحمضية المقاومة অ্যান্টিমাইকোব্যাকটেরিয়ালস 抗霉菌素类 Antimykobakteriální látky Antimycobakterier Antimycobacteriele middelen Antimykobakteerit Antimycobactériens Antimykobakterielle Mittel Αντιμυκοβακτηριακά प्रतिमाइकोबैक्टीरियल्स Antimikobakteri Antimicobatterici 抗マイコバクテリア薬 항항산균제 Antimykobakterielle midler Środki przeciwgrzybicze Antimycobacterials Antimicobacteriene Антимикобактериальные препараты Antimicrobianos Dawa dhidi ya mykobakteria Antimykobakterier Antimikobakteriyeller Засоби, що діють на мікобактерії اینٹی مائیکوبیکٹیریل Thuốc chống trực khuẩn kháng axit
282 Beta-lactams/penicillins FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE Beta-lactams/penicillins البيتا-لاكتامات/البنسلينات বেটা-ল্যাকটামস/পেনিসিলিনস β-内酰胺类/青霉素类 Beta-laktamy/peniciliny Beta-lactamer/penicilliner Beta-lactams/penicillines Beetalaktaamit/penisilliinit Bêta-lactamines/pénicillines Beta-Lactame/Penicilline Β-λακτάμες/πενικιλλίνες बीटा-लैक्टाम्स/पेनिसिलिन्स Beta-laktam/penisilin Beta-lattami/penicilline β-ラクタム系/ペニシリン系抗菌薬 베타-락탐/페니실린 Betalaktamer/penicilliner Beta-laktamy/penicyliny Beta-lactâmicas/penicilinas Beta-lactame/peniciline Бета-лактамы/пенициллины Beta-lactámicos/penicilinas Betalaktamu/penisilini Beta-laktamer/penicilliner Beta-laktamlar/penisilinler Бета-лактами/пеніциліни بیٹا لیکٹمز/پینسلنز Beta-lactam/penicillin
283 Betalactams Beta-lactams FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE Betalactams البيتا-لاكتامات বেটা-ল্যাকটামস β-内酰胺类 Beta-laktamy Beta-lactamer Beta-lactams Beetalaktaamit Bêta-lactamines Beta-Lactame Β-λακτάμες बीटा-लैक्टाम्स Beta-laktam Beta-lattami β-ラクタム系抗菌薬 베타-락탐 Betalaktamer Beta-laktamy Beta-lactâmicas Beta-lactame Бета-лактамы Beta-lactámicos Betalaktamu Betalaktamer Beta-laktamlar Бета-лактами بیٹا لیکٹمز Beta-lactam
284 Beta-lactamase inhibitors FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE Beta-lactamase inhibitors مثبطات بيتا-لاكتاماز বেটা-ল্যাকটামেজ ইনহিবিটরস β-内酰胺酶抑制剂 Inhibitory beta-laktamázy Beta-laktamasehæmmere Beta-lactamaseremmers Beetalaktamaasin estäjät Inhibiteurs de bêta-lactamase Beta-Laktamase-Inhibitoren Αναστολείς β-λακταμάσης बीटा-लैक्टामेज़ अवरोधक Inhibitor beta-laktamase Inibitori delle beta-lattamasi β-ラクタマーゼ阻害薬 베타-락타마제 억제제 Beta-laktamasehemmere Inhibitory beta-laktamaz Inibidores da beta-lactamase Inhibitori de beta-lactamază Ингибиторы бета-лактамаз Inhibidores de beta-lactamasa Vizuizi vya beta-laktamasi Beta-laktamashämmare Beta-laktamaz inhibitörleri Інгібітори бета-лактамаз بیٹا لیکٹامیز انہیبیٹرز Chất ức chế beta-lactamase
285 Carbapenems FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE Carbapenems الكاربابينيمات কার্বাপেনেমস 碳青霉烯类 Karbapenemy Carbapenemer Carbapenems Karbapeneemit Carbapénèmes Carbapeneme Καρβαπενέμες कार्बापेनेम्स Karbapenem Carbapenemi カルバペネム系抗生物質 카르바페넴 Carbapenemer Karbapenemy Carbapenêmicos Carbapeneme Карбапенемы Carbapenémicos Karbapenemu Carbapenemer Karbapenemler Карбапенеми کارباپینیمز Carbapenem
286 Cephalosporins FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE Cephalosporins السيفالوسبورينات সেফালোসপরিনস 头孢菌素类 Cefalosporiny Cefalosporiner Cefalosporines Kefalosporiinit Céphalosporines Cephalosporine Κεφαλοσπορίνες सेफालोस्पोरिन्स Sefalosporin Cefalosporine セファロスポリン 세팔로스포린 Cefalosporiner Cefalosporyny Cefalosporinas Cefalosporine Цефалоспорины Cefalosporinas Sefalosporini Kefalosporiner Sefalosporinler Цефалоспорини سیفالوسپورنز Cephalosporin
287 Cephalosporins (1st gen.) FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE Cephalosporins (1st gen.) السيفالوسبورينات (الجيل الأول) সেফালোসপরিনস (১ম প্রজন্ম) 头孢菌素类(第一代) Cefalosporiny (1. gen.) Cefalosporiner (1. gen.) Cefalosporines (1e gen.) Kefalosporiinit (1. suk.) Céphalosporines (1ère génération) Cephalosporine (1. Gen.) Κεφαλοσπορίνες (1ου γένους) सेफालोस्पोरिन्स (प्रथम पीढ़ी) Sefalosporin (generasi 1) Cefalosporine (1° gen.) セファロスポリン系抗生物質(第1世代) 세팔로스포린 (1세대) Cefalosporiner (1. generasjon) Cefalosporyny (1. gen.) Cefalosporinas (1º género) Cefalosporine (prima generație) Цефалоспорины (1-го пок.) Cefalosporinas (1er gen.) Sefalosporini (kizazi cha 1) Kefalosporiner (första gen.) Sefalosporinler (1. kuşak) Цефалоспорини (1 пок.) سیفالوسپورنز (پہلی نسل) Cephalosporin (thế hệ 1)
303 Oxazolidinones FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE Oxazolidinones الأوكسازوليدينونات অক্সাজোলিডিনোনস 恶唑烷酮类 Oxazolidinone Oxazolidinones Oxazolidinonen Oxazolidinonit Oxazolidinones Oxazolidinone Οξαζολιδινόνες ऑक्साज़ोलिडिनोन्स Oksazolidinon Oxazolidinonas オキサゾリジノン 옥사졸리디논 Oxazolidinones Oksazolidynony Oxazolidinonas Oxazolidinone Оксазолидиноны Oxazolidinonas Oxazolidinoni Oxazolidinones Oxazolidinonlar Оксазолідинони اوکسا زولڈی نونز Oxazolidinone
304 Penicillins FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE Penicillins البنسلينات পেনিসিলিনস 青霉素类 Пенициллины Penicillins Penicillines Penisilliinit Pénicillines Penicillins Πενικιλίνες पेनिसिलिन्स Penisilin Penicilinas ペニシリン 페니실린 Penicillins Penicyliny Penicilinas Peniciline Пенициллины Penicilinas Penisilini Penicillins Penisilinler Пеніциліни پینسلن Penicillin
305 Phenicols FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE Phenicols الفينيكولات ফেনিকলস 酚类抗生素 Phenikoly Fenicoler Fenicols Fenikolit Phénicols Phenicol Φαινικόλες फेनिकोल्स Fenikol Fenicoli フェニコール 페니콜 Fenicoler Fenikole Fenicóis Fenicoli Фениколы Fenicoles Fenikoli Fenicoler Fenikoller Фенікони فینیکولز Phenicols
306 Phosphonics FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE Phosphonics الفوسفونيّات ফসফোনিকস 膦酸类 Phosphonáty Fosfonater Fosfonaten Fosfonaatit Phosphoniques Phosphonates Φωσφονικά फॉस्फ़ोनिक्स Fosfonik Fosfonici ホスホン酸系抗菌薬 포스포닉계 Fosfonater Fosfoniany Fosfônicos Fosfonați Фосфоники Fosfónicos Fosfoniki Fosfonater Fosfonikler Фосфоніки فاسفونکس Các hợp chất phosphonic
307 Polymyxins FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE Polymyxins البوليميكسينات পলিমিক্সিনস 多粘菌素类 Polymyxiny Polymyxiner Polymyxines Polymysiinit Polymyxines Polymyxine Πολυμυξίνες पॉलीमिक्सिन्स Polimiksin Polimixine ポリミキシン 폴리믹신 Polymyxiner Polimyksyny Polimixinas Polimixine Полимиксины Polimixinas Polimiksini Polymyxiner Polimiksinler Поліміксини پولی مائکسینز Polymyxin
308 Quinolones FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE Quinolones الكوينولونات কুইনোলোনস 喹诺酮类 Chinolony Kinoloner Quinolonen Kinolonit Quinolones Quinolone Κινολόνες क्विनोलोन्स Kuinalon Chinoloni キノロン 퀴놀론 Kinoloner Quinolony Quinolones Quinolone Хинолоны Quinolonas Kinoloni Kinoloner Kinolonlar Хінолони کوئنولونز Quinolone
309 Rifamycins FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE Rifamycins الريفاميسينات রিফামাইসিনস 利福霉素类 Rifamycine Rifamycins Rifamycinen Rifamysiinit Rifamycines Rifamycine Ριφαμυκίνες रिफामाइसिन्स Rifamisin Rifamicinas リファマイシン 리팜이신 Rifamycins Rifamycyny Rifamycinas Rifamicine Рифамицины Rifamicinas Rifamasini Rifamycins Rifamisinler Рифаміцини ریفامائسنز Rifamycin

Binary file not shown.

Binary file not shown.

Binary file not shown.

View File

@@ -259,10 +259,10 @@ antibiogram(example_isolates,
language = "uk") # Ukrainian
```
| Збудник | Гентаміцин | Тобраміцин | Ципрофлоксацин |
|:--------------|:--------------------|:-------------------|:-------------------|
| Грамнегативні | 96% (95-98%,N=684) | 96% (94-97%,N=686) | 91% (88-93%,N=684) |
| Грампозитивні | 63% (60-66%,N=1170) | 34% (31-38%,N=665) | 77% (74-80%,N=724) |
| Збудник | Ciprofloxacin | Гентаміцин | Тобраміцин |
|:--------------|:-------------------|:--------------------|:-------------------|
| Gram-negative | 91% (88-93%,N=684) | 96% (95-98%,N=684) | 96% (94-97%,N=686) |
| Gram-positive | 77% (74-80%,N=724) | 63% (60-66%,N=1170) | 34% (31-38%,N=665) |
### Interpreting and plotting MIC and SIR values

View File

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ This is an overview of all the package-specific \code{\link[=options]{options()}
\itemize{
\item \code{AMR_antibiogram_formatting_type} \cr A \link{numeric} (1-22) to use in \code{\link[=antibiogram]{antibiogram()}}, to indicate which formatting type to use.
\item \code{AMR_breakpoint_type} \cr A \link{character} to use in \code{\link[=as.sir]{as.sir()}}, to indicate which breakpoint type to use. This must be either "ECOFF", "animal", or "human".
\item \code{AMR_capped_mic_handling} \cr A \link{character} to use in \code{\link[=as.sir]{as.sir()}}, to indicate how capped MIC values (\code{<}, \code{<=}, \code{>}, \code{>=}) should be interpreted. Must be one of \code{"standard"}, \code{"strict"}, \code{"relaxed"}, or \code{"inverse"} - the default is \code{"standard"}.
\item \code{AMR_capped_mic_handling} \cr A \link{character} to use in \code{\link[=as.sir]{as.sir()}}, to indicate how capped MIC values (\code{<}, \code{<=}, \code{>}, \code{>=}) should be interpreted. Must be one of \code{"none"}, \code{"conservative"}, \code{"standard"}, or \code{"lenient"} - the default is \code{"conservative"}.
\item \code{AMR_cleaning_regex} \cr A \link[base:regex]{regular expression} (case-insensitive) to use in \code{\link[=as.mo]{as.mo()}} and all \code{\link[=mo_property]{mo_*}} functions, to clean the user input. The default is the outcome of \code{\link[=mo_cleaning_regex]{mo_cleaning_regex()}}, which removes texts between brackets and texts such as "species" and "serovar".
\item \code{AMR_custom_ab} \cr A file location to an RDS file, to use custom antimicrobial drugs with this package. This is explained in \code{\link[=add_custom_antimicrobials]{add_custom_antimicrobials()}}.
\item \code{AMR_custom_mo} \cr A file location to an RDS file, to use custom microorganisms with this package. This is explained in \code{\link[=add_custom_microorganisms]{add_custom_microorganisms()}}.

View File

@@ -83,10 +83,10 @@ Other contributors:
\item Judith M. Fonville [contributor]
\item Kathryn Holt (\href{https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3949-2471}{ORCID}) [contributor]
\item Larisse Bolton (\href{https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7879-2173}{ORCID}) [contributor]
\item Matthew Saab [contributor]
\item Matthew Saab (\href{https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6626-7919}{ORCID}) [contributor]
\item Natacha Couto (\href{https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9152-5464}{ORCID}) [contributor]
\item Peter Dutey-Magni (\href{https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8942-9836}{ORCID}) [contributor]
\item Rogier P. Schade [contributor]
\item Rogier P. Schade (\href{https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9487-4467}{ORCID}) [contributor]
\item Sofia Ny (\href{https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2017-1363}{ORCID}) [contributor]
\item Alex W. Friedrich (\href{https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4881-038X}{ORCID}) [thesis advisor]
\item Bhanu N. M. Sinha (\href{https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1634-0010}{ORCID}) [thesis advisor]

View File

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ ab_synonyms(x, ...)
ab_tradenames(x, ...)
ab_group(x, language = get_AMR_locale(), ...)
ab_group(x, language = get_AMR_locale(), all_groups = FALSE, ...)
ab_atc(x, only_first = FALSE, ...)

View File

@@ -2,21 +2,27 @@
% Please edit documentation in R/tidymodels.R
\name{amr-tidymodels}
\alias{amr-tidymodels}
\alias{all_mic}
\alias{all_mic_predictors}
\alias{all_sir}
\alias{all_sir_predictors}
\alias{all_mic}
\alias{all_mic_predictors}
\alias{all_disk}
\alias{all_disk_predictors}
\alias{step_mic_log2}
\alias{step_sir_numeric}
\title{AMR Extensions for Tidymodels}
\usage{
all_sir()
all_sir_predictors()
all_mic()
all_mic_predictors()
all_sir()
all_disk()
all_sir_predictors()
all_disk_predictors()
step_mic_log2(recipe, ..., role = NA, trained = FALSE, columns = NULL,
skip = FALSE, id = recipes::rand_id("mic_log2"))
@@ -45,21 +51,22 @@ may affect the computations for subsequent operations.}
\item{id}{A character string that is unique to this step to identify it.}
}
\description{
This family of functions allows using AMR-specific data types such as \verb{<mic>} and \verb{<sir>} inside \code{tidymodels} pipelines.
This family of functions allows using AMR-specific data types such as \verb{<sir>} and \verb{<mic>} inside \code{tidymodels} pipelines.
}
\details{
You can read more in our online \href{https://amr-for-r.org/articles/AMR_with_tidymodels.html}{AMR with tidymodels introduction}.
Tidyselect helpers include:
\itemize{
\item \code{\link[=all_mic]{all_mic()}} and \code{\link[=all_mic_predictors]{all_mic_predictors()}} to select \verb{<mic>} columns
\item \code{\link[=all_sir]{all_sir()}} and \code{\link[=all_sir_predictors]{all_sir_predictors()}} to select \verb{<sir>} columns
\item \code{\link[=all_sir]{all_sir()}} and \code{\link[=all_sir_predictors]{all_sir_predictors()}} to select \code{\link[=as.sir]{<sir>}} columns
\item \code{\link[=all_mic]{all_mic()}} and \code{\link[=all_mic_predictors]{all_mic_predictors()}} to select \code{\link[=as.mic]{<mic>}} columns
\item \code{\link[=all_disk]{all_disk()}} and \code{\link[=all_disk_predictors]{all_disk_predictors()}} to select \code{\link[=as.disk]{<disk>}} columns
}
Pre-processing pipeline steps include:
\itemize{
\item \code{\link[=step_mic_log2]{step_mic_log2()}} to convert MIC columns to numeric (via \code{as.numeric()}) and apply a log2 transform, to be used with \code{\link[=all_mic_predictors]{all_mic_predictors()}}
\item \code{\link[=step_sir_numeric]{step_sir_numeric()}} to convert SIR columns to numeric (via \code{as.numeric()}), to be used with \code{\link[=all_sir_predictors]{all_sir_predictors()}}: \code{"S"} = 1, \code{"I"}/\code{"SDD"} = 2, \code{"R"} = 3. All other values are rendered \code{NA}. Keep this in mind for further processing, especially if the model does not allow for \code{NA} values.
\item \code{\link[=step_mic_log2]{step_mic_log2()}} to convert MIC columns to numeric (via \code{as.numeric()}) and apply a log2 transform, to be used with \code{\link[=all_mic_predictors]{all_mic_predictors()}}
}
These steps integrate with \code{recipes::recipe()} and work like standard preprocessing steps. They are useful for preparing data for modelling, especially with classification models.
@@ -112,7 +119,13 @@ if (require("tidymodels")) {
bind_cols(out_testing)
# Evaluate predictions using standard classification metrics
our_metrics <- metric_set(accuracy, kap, ppv, npv)
our_metrics <- metric_set(accuracy,
recall,
precision,
sensitivity,
specificity,
ppv,
npv)
metrics <- our_metrics(predictions, truth = esbl, estimate = .pred_class)
# Show performance
@@ -120,6 +133,6 @@ if (require("tidymodels")) {
}
}
\seealso{
\code{\link[recipes:recipe]{recipes::recipe()}}, \code{\link[=as.mic]{as.mic()}}, \code{\link[=as.sir]{as.sir()}}
\code{\link[recipes:recipe]{recipes::recipe()}}, \code{\link[=as.sir]{as.sir()}}, \code{\link[=as.mic]{as.mic()}}, \code{\link[=as.disk]{as.disk()}}
}
\keyword{internal}

View File

@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ wisca(your_data,
antimicrobials = c("TZP", "TZP+TOB", "TZP+GEN"))
}\if{html}{\out{</div>}}
WISCA uses a sophisticated Bayesian decision model to combine both local and pooled antimicrobial resistance data. This approach not only evaluates local patterns but can also draw on multi-centre datasets to improve regimen accuracy, even in low-incidence infections like paediatric bloodstream infections (BSIs).
WISCA uses a sophisticated Bayesian decision model to combine both local and pooled antimicrobial resistance data. This approach not only evaluates local patterns but can also draw on multi-centre data sets to improve regimen accuracy, even in low-incidence infections like paediatric bloodstream infections (BSIs).
}
}

View File

@@ -26,9 +26,11 @@
\alias{oxazolidinones}
\alias{penicillins}
\alias{phenicols}
\alias{phosphonics}
\alias{polymyxins}
\alias{quinolones}
\alias{rifamycins}
\alias{spiropyrimidinetriones}
\alias{streptogramins}
\alias{sulfonamides}
\alias{tetracyclines}
@@ -98,6 +100,8 @@ penicillins(only_sir_columns = FALSE, return_all = TRUE, ...)
phenicols(only_sir_columns = FALSE, return_all = TRUE, ...)
phosphonics(only_sir_columns = FALSE, return_all = TRUE, ...)
polymyxins(only_sir_columns = FALSE, only_treatable = TRUE,
return_all = TRUE, ...)
@@ -106,6 +110,8 @@ quinolones(only_sir_columns = FALSE, only_treatable = TRUE,
rifamycins(only_sir_columns = FALSE, return_all = TRUE, ...)
spiropyrimidinetriones(only_sir_columns = FALSE, return_all = TRUE, ...)
streptogramins(only_sir_columns = FALSE, return_all = TRUE, ...)
sulfonamides(only_sir_columns = FALSE, return_all = TRUE, ...)
@@ -179,32 +185,34 @@ The \code{\link[=not_intrinsic_resistant]{not_intrinsic_resistant()}} function c
\itemize{
\item \code{\link[=aminoglycosides]{aminoglycosides()}} can select: \cr amikacin (AMK), amikacin/fosfomycin (AKF), apramycin (APR), arbekacin (ARB), astromicin (AST), bekanamycin (BEK), dibekacin (DKB), framycetin (FRM), gentamicin (GEN), gentamicin-high (GEH), habekacin (HAB), hygromycin (HYG), isepamicin (ISE), kanamycin (KAN), kanamycin-high (KAH), kanamycin/cephalexin (KAC), micronomicin (MCR), neomycin (NEO), netilmicin (NET), pentisomicin (PIM), plazomicin (PLZ), propikacin (PKA), ribostamycin (RST), sisomicin (SIS), streptoduocin (STR), streptomycin (STR1), streptomycin-high (STH), tobramycin (TOB), and tobramycin-high (TOH)
\item \code{\link[=aminopenicillins]{aminopenicillins()}} can select: \cr amoxicillin (AMX) and ampicillin (AMP)
\item \code{\link[=aminopenicillins]{aminopenicillins()}} can select: \cr amoxicillin (AMX), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (AMC), and ampicillin (AMP)
\item \code{\link[=antifungals]{antifungals()}} can select: \cr amorolfine (AMO), amphotericin B (AMB), amphotericin B-high (AMH), anidulafungin (ANI), butoconazole (BUT), caspofungin (CAS), ciclopirox (CIX), clotrimazole (CTR), econazole (ECO), fluconazole (FLU), flucytosine (FCT), fosfluconazole (FFL), griseofulvin (GRI), hachimycin (HCH), ibrexafungerp (IBX), isavuconazole (ISV), isoconazole (ISO), itraconazole (ITR), ketoconazole (KET), manogepix (MGX), micafungin (MIF), miconazole (MCZ), nystatin (NYS), oteseconazole (OTE), pimaricin (PMR), posaconazole (POS), rezafungin (RZF), ribociclib (RBC), sulconazole (SUC), terbinafine (TRB), terconazole (TRC), and voriconazole (VOR)
\item \code{\link[=antimycobacterials]{antimycobacterials()}} can select: \cr 4-aminosalicylic acid (AMA), calcium aminosalicylate (CLA), capreomycin (CAP), clofazimine (CLF), delamanid (DLM), enviomycin (ENV), ethambutol (ETH), ethambutol/isoniazid (ETI), ethionamide (ETI1), isoniazid (INH), isoniazid/sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim/pyridoxine (IST), morinamide (MRN), p-aminosalicylic acid (PAS), pretomanid (PMD), protionamide (PTH), pyrazinamide (PZA), rifabutin (RIB), rifampicin (RIF), rifampicin/ethambutol/isoniazid (REI), rifampicin/isoniazid (RFI), rifampicin/pyrazinamide/ethambutol/isoniazid (RPEI), rifampicin/pyrazinamide/isoniazid (RPI), rifamycin (RFM), rifapentine (RFP), simvastatin/fenofibrate (SMF), sodium aminosalicylate (SDA), streptomycin/isoniazid (STI), terizidone (TRZ), thioacetazone (TAT), thioacetazone/isoniazid (THI1), tiocarlide (TCR), and viomycin (VIO)
\item \code{\link[=betalactams]{betalactams()}} can select: \cr amoxicillin (AMX), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (AMC), amoxicillin/sulbactam (AXS), ampicillin (AMP), ampicillin/sulbactam (SAM), apalcillin (APL), aspoxicillin (APX), azidocillin (AZD), azlocillin (AZL), aztreonam (ATM), aztreonam/avibactam (AZA), aztreonam/nacubactam (ANC), bacampicillin (BAM), benzathine benzylpenicillin (BNB), benzathine phenoxymethylpenicillin (BNP), benzylpenicillin (PEN), benzylpenicillin screening test (PEN-S), biapenem (BIA), carbenicillin (CRB), carindacillin (CRN), carumonam (CAR), cefacetrile (CAC), cefaclor (CEC), cefadroxil (CFR), cefalexin (LEX), cefaloridine (RID), cefalotin (CEP), cefamandole (MAN), cefapirin (HAP), cefatrizine (CTZ), cefazedone (CZD), cefazolin (CZO), cefcapene (CCP), cefcapene pivoxil (CCX), cefdinir (CDR), cefditoren (DIT), cefditoren pivoxil (DIX), cefepime (FEP), cefepime/amikacin (CFA), cefepime/clavulanic acid (CPC), cefepime/enmetazobactam (FPE), cefepime/nacubactam (FNC), cefepime/tazobactam (FPT), cefepime/zidebactam (FPZ), cefetamet (CAT), cefetamet pivoxil (CPI), cefetecol (CCL), cefetrizole (CZL), cefiderocol (FDC), cefixime (CFM), cefmenoxime (CMX), cefmetazole (CMZ), cefodizime (DIZ), cefonicid (CID), cefoperazone (CFP), cefoperazone/sulbactam (CSL), ceforanide (CND), cefoselis (CSE), cefotaxime (CTX), cefotaxime screening test (CTX-S), cefotaxime/clavulanic acid (CTC), cefotaxime/sulbactam (CTS), cefotetan (CTT), cefotiam (CTF), cefotiam hexetil (CHE), cefovecin (FOV), cefoxitin (FOX), cefoxitin screening test (FOX-S), cefozopran (ZOP), cefpimizole (CFZ), cefpiramide (CPM), cefpirome (CPO), cefpodoxime (CPD), cefpodoxime proxetil (CPX), cefpodoxime/clavulanic acid (CDC), cefprozil (CPR), cefquinome (CEQ), cefroxadine (CRD), cefsulodin (CFS), cefsumide (CSU), ceftaroline (CPT), ceftaroline/avibactam (CPA), ceftazidime (CAZ), ceftazidime/avibactam (CZA), ceftazidime/clavulanic acid (CCV), cefteram (CEM), cefteram pivoxil (CPL), ceftezole (CTL), ceftibuten (CTB), ceftiofur (TIO), ceftizoxime (CZX), ceftizoxime alapivoxil (CZP), ceftobiprole (BPR), ceftobiprole medocaril (CFM1), ceftolozane/tazobactam (CZT), ceftriaxone (CRO), ceftriaxone/beta-lactamase inhibitor (CEB), cefuroxime (CXM), cefuroxime axetil (CXA), cephradine (CED), ciclacillin (CIC), clometocillin (CLM), cloxacillin (CLO), dicloxacillin (DIC), doripenem (DOR), epicillin (EPC), ertapenem (ETP), flucloxacillin (FLC), hetacillin (HET), imipenem (IPM), imipenem/EDTA (IPE), imipenem/relebactam (IMR), latamoxef (LTM), lenampicillin (LEN), loracarbef (LOR), mecillinam (MEC), meropenem (MEM), meropenem/nacubactam (MNC), meropenem/vaborbactam (MEV), metampicillin (MTM), meticillin (MET), mezlocillin (MEZ), mezlocillin/sulbactam (MSU), nafcillin (NAF), oxacillin (OXA), oxacillin screening test (OXA-S), panipenem (PAN), penamecillin (PNM), penicillin/novobiocin (PNO), penicillin/sulbactam (PSU), pheneticillin (PHE), phenoxymethylpenicillin (PHN), piperacillin (PIP), piperacillin/sulbactam (PIS), piperacillin/tazobactam (TZP), piridicillin (PRC), pivampicillin (PVM), pivmecillinam (PME), procaine benzylpenicillin (PRB), propicillin (PRP), razupenem (RZM), ritipenem (RIT), ritipenem acoxil (RIA), sarmoxicillin (SRX), sulbenicillin (SBC), sultamicillin (SLT6), talampicillin (TAL), tebipenem (TBP), temocillin (TEM), ticarcillin (TIC), ticarcillin/clavulanic acid (TCC), and tigemonam (TMN)
\item \code{\link[=betalactams_with_inhibitor]{betalactams_with_inhibitor()}} can select: \cr amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (AMC), amoxicillin/sulbactam (AXS), ampicillin/sulbactam (SAM), aztreonam/avibactam (AZA), aztreonam/nacubactam (ANC), cefepime/amikacin (CFA), cefepime/clavulanic acid (CPC), cefepime/enmetazobactam (FPE), cefepime/nacubactam (FNC), cefepime/tazobactam (FPT), cefepime/zidebactam (FPZ), cefoperazone/sulbactam (CSL), cefotaxime/clavulanic acid (CTC), cefotaxime/sulbactam (CTS), cefpodoxime/clavulanic acid (CDC), ceftaroline/avibactam (CPA), ceftazidime/avibactam (CZA), ceftazidime/clavulanic acid (CCV), ceftolozane/tazobactam (CZT), ceftriaxone/beta-lactamase inhibitor (CEB), imipenem/relebactam (IMR), meropenem/nacubactam (MNC), meropenem/vaborbactam (MEV), mezlocillin/sulbactam (MSU), penicillin/novobiocin (PNO), penicillin/sulbactam (PSU), piperacillin/sulbactam (PIS), piperacillin/tazobactam (TZP), and ticarcillin/clavulanic acid (TCC)
\item \code{\link[=carbapenems]{carbapenems()}} can select: \cr biapenem (BIA), doripenem (DOR), ertapenem (ETP), imipenem (IPM), imipenem/EDTA (IPE), imipenem/relebactam (IMR), meropenem (MEM), meropenem/nacubactam (MNC), meropenem/vaborbactam (MEV), panipenem (PAN), razupenem (RZM), ritipenem (RIT), ritipenem acoxil (RIA), and tebipenem (TBP)
\item \code{\link[=cephalosporins]{cephalosporins()}} can select: \cr cefacetrile (CAC), cefaclor (CEC), cefadroxil (CFR), cefalexin (LEX), cefaloridine (RID), cefalotin (CEP), cefamandole (MAN), cefapirin (HAP), cefatrizine (CTZ), cefazedone (CZD), cefazolin (CZO), cefcapene (CCP), cefcapene pivoxil (CCX), cefdinir (CDR), cefditoren (DIT), cefditoren pivoxil (DIX), cefepime (FEP), cefepime/amikacin (CFA), cefepime/clavulanic acid (CPC), cefepime/enmetazobactam (FPE), cefepime/nacubactam (FNC), cefepime/tazobactam (FPT), cefepime/zidebactam (FPZ), cefetamet (CAT), cefetamet pivoxil (CPI), cefetecol (CCL), cefetrizole (CZL), cefiderocol (FDC), cefixime (CFM), cefmenoxime (CMX), cefmetazole (CMZ), cefodizime (DIZ), cefonicid (CID), cefoperazone (CFP), cefoperazone/sulbactam (CSL), ceforanide (CND), cefoselis (CSE), cefotaxime (CTX), cefotaxime screening test (CTX-S), cefotaxime/clavulanic acid (CTC), cefotaxime/sulbactam (CTS), cefotetan (CTT), cefotiam (CTF), cefotiam hexetil (CHE), cefovecin (FOV), cefoxitin (FOX), cefoxitin screening test (FOX-S), cefozopran (ZOP), cefpimizole (CFZ), cefpiramide (CPM), cefpirome (CPO), cefpodoxime (CPD), cefpodoxime proxetil (CPX), cefpodoxime/clavulanic acid (CDC), cefprozil (CPR), cefquinome (CEQ), cefroxadine (CRD), cefsulodin (CFS), cefsumide (CSU), ceftaroline (CPT), ceftaroline/avibactam (CPA), ceftazidime (CAZ), ceftazidime/avibactam (CZA), ceftazidime/clavulanic acid (CCV), cefteram (CEM), cefteram pivoxil (CPL), ceftezole (CTL), ceftibuten (CTB), ceftiofur (TIO), ceftizoxime (CZX), ceftizoxime alapivoxil (CZP), ceftobiprole (BPR), ceftobiprole medocaril (CFM1), ceftolozane/tazobactam (CZT), ceftriaxone (CRO), ceftriaxone/beta-lactamase inhibitor (CEB), cefuroxime (CXM), cefuroxime axetil (CXA), cephradine (CED), latamoxef (LTM), and loracarbef (LOR)
\item \code{\link[=antimycobacterials]{antimycobacterials()}} can select: \cr 4-aminosalicylic acid (AMA), calcium aminosalicylate (CLA), capreomycin (CAP), clofazimine (CLF), delamanid (DLM), enviomycin (ENV), ethambutol (ETH), ethambutol/isoniazid (ETI), ethionamide (ETI1), isoniazid (INH), isoniazid/sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim/pyridoxine (IST), morinamide (MRN), p-aminosalicylic acid (PAS), pretomanid (PMD), protionamide (PTH), pyrazinamide (PZA), rifabutin (RIB), rifampicin (RIF), rifampicin/ethambutol/isoniazid (REI), rifampicin/isoniazid (RFI), rifampicin/pyrazinamide/ethambutol/isoniazid (RPEI), rifampicin/pyrazinamide/isoniazid (RPI), rifamycin (RFM), rifapentine (RFP), sodium aminosalicylate (SDA), streptomycin/isoniazid (STI), terizidone (TRZ), thioacetazone (TAT), thioacetazone/isoniazid (THI1), tiocarlide (TCR), and viomycin (VIO)
\item \code{\link[=betalactams]{betalactams()}} can select: \cr amoxicillin (AMX), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (AMC), amoxicillin/sulbactam (AXS), ampicillin (AMP), ampicillin/sulbactam (SAM), apalcillin (APL), aspoxicillin (APX), azidocillin (AZD), azlocillin (AZL), aztreonam (ATM), aztreonam/avibactam (AZA), aztreonam/nacubactam (ANC), bacampicillin (BAM), benzathine benzylpenicillin (BNB), benzathine phenoxymethylpenicillin (BNP), benzylpenicillin (PEN), benzylpenicillin screening test (PEN-S), biapenem (BIA), carbenicillin (CRB), carindacillin (CRN), carumonam (CAR), cefacetrile (CAC), cefaclor (CEC), cefadroxil (CFR), cefalexin (LEX), cefaloridine (RID), cefalotin (CEP), cefamandole (MAN), cefapirin (HAP), cefatrizine (CTZ), cefazedone (CZD), cefazolin (CZO), cefcapene (CCP), cefcapene pivoxil (CCX), cefdinir (CDR), cefditoren (DIT), cefditoren pivoxil (DIX), cefepime (FEP), cefepime/amikacin (CFA), cefepime/clavulanic acid (CPC), cefepime/enmetazobactam (FPE), cefepime/nacubactam (FNC), cefepime/taniborbactam (FTA), cefepime/tazobactam (FPT), cefepime/zidebactam (FPZ), cefetamet (CAT), cefetamet pivoxil (CPI), cefetecol (CCL), cefetrizole (CZL), cefiderocol (FDC), cefixime (CFM), cefmenoxime (CMX), cefmetazole (CMZ), cefodizime (DIZ), cefonicid (CID), cefoperazone (CFP), cefoperazone/sulbactam (CSL), ceforanide (CND), cefoselis (CSE), cefotaxime (CTX), cefotaxime screening test (CTX-S), cefotaxime/clavulanic acid (CTC), cefotaxime/sulbactam (CTS), cefotetan (CTT), cefotiam (CTF), cefotiam hexetil (CHE), cefovecin (FOV), cefoxitin (FOX), cefoxitin screening test (FOX-S), cefozopran (ZOP), cefpimizole (CFZ), cefpiramide (CPM), cefpirome (CPO), cefpodoxime (CPD), cefpodoxime proxetil (CPX), cefpodoxime/clavulanic acid (CDC), cefprozil (CPR), cefquinome (CEQ), cefroxadine (CRD), cefsulodin (CFS), cefsumide (CSU), ceftaroline (CPT), ceftaroline/avibactam (CPA), ceftazidime (CAZ), ceftazidime/avibactam (CZA), ceftazidime/clavulanic acid (CCV), cefteram (CEM), cefteram pivoxil (CPL), ceftezole (CTL), ceftibuten (CTB), ceftiofur (TIO), ceftizoxime (CZX), ceftizoxime alapivoxil (CZP), ceftobiprole (BPR), ceftobiprole medocaril (CFM1), ceftolozane/tazobactam (CZT), ceftriaxone (CRO), ceftriaxone/beta-lactamase inhibitor (CEB), cefuroxime (CXM), cefuroxime axetil (CXA), cephradine (CED), ciclacillin (CIC), clometocillin (CLM), cloxacillin (CLO), dicloxacillin (DIC), doripenem (DOR), epicillin (EPC), ertapenem (ETP), flucloxacillin (FLC), hetacillin (HET), imipenem (IPM), imipenem/EDTA (IPE), imipenem/relebactam (IMR), latamoxef (LTM), lenampicillin (LEN), loracarbef (LOR), mecillinam (MEC), meropenem (MEM), meropenem/nacubactam (MNC), meropenem/vaborbactam (MEV), metampicillin (MTM), meticillin (MET), mezlocillin (MEZ), mezlocillin/sulbactam (MSU), nafcillin (NAF), oxacillin (OXA), oxacillin screening test (OXA-S), panipenem (PAN), penamecillin (PNM), penicillin/novobiocin (PNO), penicillin/sulbactam (PSU), pheneticillin (PHE), phenoxymethylpenicillin (PHN), piperacillin (PIP), piperacillin/sulbactam (PIS), piperacillin/tazobactam (TZP), piridicillin (PRC), pivampicillin (PVM), pivmecillinam (PME), procaine benzylpenicillin (PRB), propicillin (PRP), razupenem (RZM), ritipenem (RIT), ritipenem acoxil (RIA), sarmoxicillin (SRX), sulbenicillin (SBC), sultamicillin (SLT6), talampicillin (TAL), taniborbactam (TAN), tebipenem (TBP), temocillin (TEM), ticarcillin (TIC), ticarcillin/clavulanic acid (TCC), and tigemonam (TMN)
\item \code{\link[=betalactams_with_inhibitor]{betalactams_with_inhibitor()}} can select: \cr amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (AMC), amoxicillin/sulbactam (AXS), ampicillin/sulbactam (SAM), aztreonam/avibactam (AZA), aztreonam/nacubactam (ANC), cefepime/amikacin (CFA), cefepime/clavulanic acid (CPC), cefepime/enmetazobactam (FPE), cefepime/nacubactam (FNC), cefepime/taniborbactam (FTA), cefepime/tazobactam (FPT), cefepime/zidebactam (FPZ), cefoperazone/sulbactam (CSL), cefotaxime/clavulanic acid (CTC), cefotaxime/sulbactam (CTS), cefpodoxime/clavulanic acid (CDC), ceftaroline/avibactam (CPA), ceftazidime/avibactam (CZA), ceftazidime/clavulanic acid (CCV), ceftolozane/tazobactam (CZT), ceftriaxone/beta-lactamase inhibitor (CEB), imipenem/relebactam (IMR), meropenem/nacubactam (MNC), meropenem/vaborbactam (MEV), mezlocillin/sulbactam (MSU), penicillin/novobiocin (PNO), penicillin/sulbactam (PSU), piperacillin/sulbactam (PIS), piperacillin/tazobactam (TZP), and ticarcillin/clavulanic acid (TCC)
\item \code{\link[=carbapenems]{carbapenems()}} can select: \cr biapenem (BIA), doripenem (DOR), ertapenem (ETP), imipenem (IPM), imipenem/EDTA (IPE), imipenem/relebactam (IMR), meropenem (MEM), meropenem/nacubactam (MNC), meropenem/vaborbactam (MEV), panipenem (PAN), razupenem (RZM), ritipenem (RIT), ritipenem acoxil (RIA), taniborbactam (TAN), and tebipenem (TBP)
\item \code{\link[=cephalosporins]{cephalosporins()}} can select: \cr cefacetrile (CAC), cefaclor (CEC), cefadroxil (CFR), cefalexin (LEX), cefaloridine (RID), cefalotin (CEP), cefamandole (MAN), cefapirin (HAP), cefatrizine (CTZ), cefazedone (CZD), cefazolin (CZO), cefcapene (CCP), cefcapene pivoxil (CCX), cefdinir (CDR), cefditoren (DIT), cefditoren pivoxil (DIX), cefepime (FEP), cefepime/amikacin (CFA), cefepime/clavulanic acid (CPC), cefepime/enmetazobactam (FPE), cefepime/nacubactam (FNC), cefepime/taniborbactam (FTA), cefepime/tazobactam (FPT), cefepime/zidebactam (FPZ), cefetamet (CAT), cefetamet pivoxil (CPI), cefetecol (CCL), cefetrizole (CZL), cefiderocol (FDC), cefixime (CFM), cefmenoxime (CMX), cefmetazole (CMZ), cefodizime (DIZ), cefonicid (CID), cefoperazone (CFP), cefoperazone/sulbactam (CSL), ceforanide (CND), cefoselis (CSE), cefotaxime (CTX), cefotaxime screening test (CTX-S), cefotaxime/clavulanic acid (CTC), cefotaxime/sulbactam (CTS), cefotetan (CTT), cefotiam (CTF), cefotiam hexetil (CHE), cefovecin (FOV), cefoxitin (FOX), cefoxitin screening test (FOX-S), cefozopran (ZOP), cefpimizole (CFZ), cefpiramide (CPM), cefpirome (CPO), cefpodoxime (CPD), cefpodoxime proxetil (CPX), cefpodoxime/clavulanic acid (CDC), cefprozil (CPR), cefquinome (CEQ), cefroxadine (CRD), cefsulodin (CFS), cefsumide (CSU), ceftaroline (CPT), ceftaroline/avibactam (CPA), ceftazidime (CAZ), ceftazidime/avibactam (CZA), ceftazidime/clavulanic acid (CCV), cefteram (CEM), cefteram pivoxil (CPL), ceftezole (CTL), ceftibuten (CTB), ceftiofur (TIO), ceftizoxime (CZX), ceftizoxime alapivoxil (CZP), ceftobiprole (BPR), ceftobiprole medocaril (CFM1), ceftolozane/tazobactam (CZT), ceftriaxone (CRO), ceftriaxone/beta-lactamase inhibitor (CEB), cefuroxime (CXM), cefuroxime axetil (CXA), cephradine (CED), latamoxef (LTM), and loracarbef (LOR)
\item \code{\link[=cephalosporins_1st]{cephalosporins_1st()}} can select: \cr cefacetrile (CAC), cefadroxil (CFR), cefalexin (LEX), cefaloridine (RID), cefalotin (CEP), cefapirin (HAP), cefatrizine (CTZ), cefazedone (CZD), cefazolin (CZO), cefroxadine (CRD), ceftezole (CTL), and cephradine (CED)
\item \code{\link[=cephalosporins_2nd]{cephalosporins_2nd()}} can select: \cr cefaclor (CEC), cefamandole (MAN), cefmetazole (CMZ), cefonicid (CID), ceforanide (CND), cefotetan (CTT), cefotiam (CTF), cefoxitin (FOX), cefoxitin screening test (FOX-S), cefprozil (CPR), cefuroxime (CXM), cefuroxime axetil (CXA), and loracarbef (LOR)
\item \code{\link[=cephalosporins_3rd]{cephalosporins_3rd()}} can select: \cr cefcapene (CCP), cefcapene pivoxil (CCX), cefdinir (CDR), cefditoren (DIT), cefditoren pivoxil (DIX), cefetamet (CAT), cefetamet pivoxil (CPI), cefixime (CFM), cefmenoxime (CMX), cefodizime (DIZ), cefoperazone (CFP), cefoperazone/sulbactam (CSL), cefotaxime (CTX), cefotaxime screening test (CTX-S), cefotaxime/clavulanic acid (CTC), cefotaxime/sulbactam (CTS), cefotiam hexetil (CHE), cefovecin (FOV), cefpimizole (CFZ), cefpiramide (CPM), cefpodoxime (CPD), cefpodoxime proxetil (CPX), cefpodoxime/clavulanic acid (CDC), cefsulodin (CFS), ceftazidime (CAZ), ceftazidime/avibactam (CZA), ceftazidime/clavulanic acid (CCV), cefteram (CEM), cefteram pivoxil (CPL), ceftibuten (CTB), ceftiofur (TIO), ceftizoxime (CZX), ceftizoxime alapivoxil (CZP), ceftriaxone (CRO), ceftriaxone/beta-lactamase inhibitor (CEB), and latamoxef (LTM)
\item \code{\link[=cephalosporins_4th]{cephalosporins_4th()}} can select: \cr cefepime (FEP), cefepime/amikacin (CFA), cefepime/clavulanic acid (CPC), cefepime/enmetazobactam (FPE), cefepime/nacubactam (FNC), cefepime/tazobactam (FPT), cefepime/zidebactam (FPZ), cefetecol (CCL), cefoselis (CSE), cefozopran (ZOP), cefpirome (CPO), and cefquinome (CEQ)
\item \code{\link[=cephalosporins_4th]{cephalosporins_4th()}} can select: \cr cefepime (FEP), cefepime/amikacin (CFA), cefepime/clavulanic acid (CPC), cefepime/enmetazobactam (FPE), cefepime/nacubactam (FNC), cefepime/taniborbactam (FTA), cefepime/tazobactam (FPT), cefepime/zidebactam (FPZ), cefetecol (CCL), cefoselis (CSE), cefozopran (ZOP), cefpirome (CPO), and cefquinome (CEQ)
\item \code{\link[=cephalosporins_5th]{cephalosporins_5th()}} can select: \cr ceftaroline (CPT), ceftaroline/avibactam (CPA), ceftobiprole (BPR), ceftobiprole medocaril (CFM1), and ceftolozane/tazobactam (CZT)
\item \code{\link[=fluoroquinolones]{fluoroquinolones()}} can select: \cr besifloxacin (BES), ciprofloxacin (CIP), ciprofloxacin/metronidazole (CIM), ciprofloxacin/ornidazole (CIO), ciprofloxacin/tinidazole (CIT), clinafloxacin (CLX), danofloxacin (DAN), delafloxacin (DFX), difloxacin (DIF), enoxacin (ENX), enrofloxacin (ENR), finafloxacin (FIN), fleroxacin (FLE), garenoxacin (GRN), gatifloxacin (GAT), gemifloxacin (GEM), grepafloxacin (GRX), lascufloxacin (LSC), levofloxacin (LVX), levofloxacin/ornidazole (LEO), levonadifloxacin (LND), lomefloxacin (LOM), marbofloxacin (MAR), metioxate (MXT), miloxacin (MIL), moxifloxacin (MFX), nadifloxacin (NAD), nemonoxacin (NEM), nifuroquine (NIF), nitroxoline (NTR), norfloxacin (NOR), norfloxacin screening test (NOR-S), norfloxacin/metronidazole (NME), norfloxacin/tinidazole (NTI), ofloxacin (OFX), ofloxacin/ornidazole (OOR), orbifloxacin (ORB), pazufloxacin (PAZ), pefloxacin (PEF), pefloxacin screening test (PEF-S), pradofloxacin (PRA), premafloxacin (PRX), prulifloxacin (PRU), rufloxacin (RFL), sarafloxacin (SAR), sitafloxacin (SIT), sparfloxacin (SPX), temafloxacin (TMX), tilbroquinol (TBQ), tioxacin (TXC), tosufloxacin (TFX), and trovafloxacin (TVA)
\item \code{\link[=glycopeptides]{glycopeptides()}} can select: \cr avoparcin (AVO), bleomycin (BLM), dalbavancin (DAL), norvancomycin (NVA), oritavancin (ORI), ramoplanin (RAM), teicoplanin (TEC), teicoplanin-macromethod (TCM), telavancin (TLV), vancomycin (VAN), and vancomycin-macromethod (VAM)
\item \code{\link[=isoxazolylpenicillins]{isoxazolylpenicillins()}} can select: \cr cloxacillin (CLO), dicloxacillin (DIC), flucloxacillin (FLC), meticillin (MET), oxacillin (OXA), and oxacillin screening test (OXA-S)
\item \code{\link[=lincosamides]{lincosamides()}} can select: \cr clindamycin (CLI), lincomycin (LIN), and pirlimycin (PRL)
\item \code{\link[=lincosamides]{lincosamides()}} can select: \cr clindamycin (CLI), clindamycin inducible screening test (CLI-S), lincomycin (LIN), and pirlimycin (PRL)
\item \code{\link[=lipoglycopeptides]{lipoglycopeptides()}} can select: \cr dalbavancin (DAL), oritavancin (ORI), and telavancin (TLV)
\item \code{\link[=macrolides]{macrolides()}} can select: \cr acetylmidecamycin (ACM), acetylspiramycin (ASP), azithromycin (AZM), clarithromycin (CLR), dirithromycin (DIR), erythromycin (ERY), flurithromycin (FLR1), gamithromycin (GAM), josamycin (JOS), kitasamycin (KIT), meleumycin (MEL), midecamycin (MID), miocamycin (MCM), nafithromycin (ZWK), oleandomycin (OLE), rokitamycin (ROK), roxithromycin (RXT), solithromycin (SOL), spiramycin (SPI), telithromycin (TLT), tildipirosin (TIP), tilmicosin (TIL), troleandomycin (TRL), tulathromycin (TUL), tylosin (TYL), and tylvalosin (TYL1)
\item \code{\link[=macrolides]{macrolides()}} can select: \cr acetylmidecamycin (ACM), acetylspiramycin (ASP), azithromycin (AZM), clarithromycin (CLR), clindamycin inducible screening test (CLI-S), dirithromycin (DIR), erythromycin (ERY), flurithromycin (FLR1), gamithromycin (GAM), josamycin (JOS), kitasamycin (KIT), meleumycin (MEL), midecamycin (MID), miocamycin (MCM), nafithromycin (ZWK), oleandomycin (OLE), pirlimycin (PRL), primycin (PRM), rokitamycin (ROK), roxithromycin (RXT), solithromycin (SOL), spiramycin (SPI), telithromycin (TLT), tildipirosin (TIP), tilmicosin (TIL), troleandomycin (TRL), tulathromycin (TUL), tylosin (TYL), and tylvalosin (TYL1)
\item \code{\link[=monobactams]{monobactams()}} can select: \cr aztreonam (ATM), aztreonam/avibactam (AZA), aztreonam/nacubactam (ANC), carumonam (CAR), and tigemonam (TMN)
\item \code{\link[=nitrofurans]{nitrofurans()}} can select: \cr furazidin (FUR), furazolidone (FRZ), nifurtoinol (NFR), nitrofurantoin (NIT), and nitrofurazone (NIZ)
\item \code{\link[=oxazolidinones]{oxazolidinones()}} can select: \cr cadazolid (CDZ), cycloserine (CYC), linezolid (LNZ), tedizolid (TZD), and thiacetazone (THA)
\item \code{\link[=penicillins]{penicillins()}} can select: \cr amoxicillin (AMX), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (AMC), amoxicillin/sulbactam (AXS), ampicillin (AMP), ampicillin/sulbactam (SAM), apalcillin (APL), aspoxicillin (APX), azidocillin (AZD), azlocillin (AZL), bacampicillin (BAM), benzathine benzylpenicillin (BNB), benzathine phenoxymethylpenicillin (BNP), benzylpenicillin (PEN), benzylpenicillin screening test (PEN-S), carbenicillin (CRB), carindacillin (CRN), ciclacillin (CIC), clometocillin (CLM), cloxacillin (CLO), dicloxacillin (DIC), epicillin (EPC), flucloxacillin (FLC), hetacillin (HET), lenampicillin (LEN), mecillinam (MEC), metampicillin (MTM), meticillin (MET), mezlocillin (MEZ), mezlocillin/sulbactam (MSU), nafcillin (NAF), oxacillin (OXA), oxacillin screening test (OXA-S), penamecillin (PNM), penicillin/novobiocin (PNO), penicillin/sulbactam (PSU), pheneticillin (PHE), phenoxymethylpenicillin (PHN), piperacillin (PIP), piperacillin/sulbactam (PIS), piperacillin/tazobactam (TZP), piridicillin (PRC), pivampicillin (PVM), pivmecillinam (PME), procaine benzylpenicillin (PRB), propicillin (PRP), sarmoxicillin (SRX), sulbenicillin (SBC), sultamicillin (SLT6), talampicillin (TAL), temocillin (TEM), ticarcillin (TIC), and ticarcillin/clavulanic acid (TCC)
\item \code{\link[=phenicols]{phenicols()}} can select: \cr chloramphenicol (CHL), florfenicol (FLR), and thiamphenicol (THI)
\item \code{\link[=phosphonics]{phosphonics()}} can select: \cr amikacin/fosfomycin (AKF) and fosfomycin (FOS)
\item \code{\link[=polymyxins]{polymyxins()}} can select: \cr colistin (COL), polymyxin B (PLB), and polymyxin B/polysorbate 80 (POP)
\item \code{\link[=quinolones]{quinolones()}} can select: \cr besifloxacin (BES), cinoxacin (CIN), ciprofloxacin (CIP), ciprofloxacin/metronidazole (CIM), ciprofloxacin/ornidazole (CIO), ciprofloxacin/tinidazole (CIT), clinafloxacin (CLX), danofloxacin (DAN), delafloxacin (DFX), difloxacin (DIF), enoxacin (ENX), enrofloxacin (ENR), finafloxacin (FIN), fleroxacin (FLE), flumequine (FLM), garenoxacin (GRN), gatifloxacin (GAT), gemifloxacin (GEM), grepafloxacin (GRX), lascufloxacin (LSC), levofloxacin (LVX), levofloxacin/ornidazole (LEO), levonadifloxacin (LND), lomefloxacin (LOM), marbofloxacin (MAR), metioxate (MXT), miloxacin (MIL), moxifloxacin (MFX), nadifloxacin (NAD), nalidixic acid (NAL), nalidixic acid screening test (NAL-S), nemonoxacin (NEM), nifuroquine (NIF), nitroxoline (NTR), norfloxacin (NOR), norfloxacin screening test (NOR-S), norfloxacin/metronidazole (NME), norfloxacin/tinidazole (NTI), ofloxacin (OFX), ofloxacin/ornidazole (OOR), orbifloxacin (ORB), oxolinic acid (OXO), pazufloxacin (PAZ), pefloxacin (PEF), pefloxacin screening test (PEF-S), pipemidic acid (PPA), piromidic acid (PIR), pradofloxacin (PRA), premafloxacin (PRX), prulifloxacin (PRU), rosoxacin (ROS), rufloxacin (RFL), sarafloxacin (SAR), sitafloxacin (SIT), sparfloxacin (SPX), temafloxacin (TMX), tilbroquinol (TBQ), tioxacin (TXC), tosufloxacin (TFX), and trovafloxacin (TVA)
\item \code{\link[=quinolones]{quinolones()}} can select: \cr besifloxacin (BES), cinoxacin (CIN), ciprofloxacin (CIP), ciprofloxacin/metronidazole (CIM), ciprofloxacin/ornidazole (CIO), ciprofloxacin/tinidazole (CIT), clinafloxacin (CLX), danofloxacin (DAN), delafloxacin (DFX), difloxacin (DIF), enoxacin (ENX), enrofloxacin (ENR), finafloxacin (FIN), fleroxacin (FLE), flumequine (FLM), garenoxacin (GRN), gatifloxacin (GAT), gemifloxacin (GEM), grepafloxacin (GRX), lascufloxacin (LSC), levofloxacin (LVX), levofloxacin/ornidazole (LEO), levonadifloxacin (LND), lomefloxacin (LOM), marbofloxacin (MAR), metioxate (MXT), miloxacin (MIL), moxifloxacin (MFX), nadifloxacin (NAD), nalidixic acid (NAL), nalidixic acid screening test (NAL-S), nemonoxacin (NEM), nifuroquine (NIF), nitroxoline (NTR), norfloxacin (NOR), norfloxacin screening test (NOR-S), norfloxacin/metronidazole (NME), norfloxacin/tinidazole (NTI), ofloxacin (OFX), ofloxacin/ornidazole (OOR), orbifloxacin (ORB), oxolinic acid (OXO), ozenoxacin (OZN), pazufloxacin (PAZ), pefloxacin (PEF), pefloxacin screening test (PEF-S), pipemidic acid (PPA), piromidic acid (PIR), pradofloxacin (PRA), premafloxacin (PRX), prulifloxacin (PRU), rosoxacin (ROS), rufloxacin (RFL), sarafloxacin (SAR), sitafloxacin (SIT), sparfloxacin (SPX), temafloxacin (TMX), tilbroquinol (TBQ), tioxacin (TXC), tosufloxacin (TFX), and trovafloxacin (TVA)
\item \code{\link[=rifamycins]{rifamycins()}} can select: \cr rifabutin (RIB), rifampicin (RIF), rifampicin/ethambutol/isoniazid (REI), rifampicin/isoniazid (RFI), rifampicin/pyrazinamide/ethambutol/isoniazid (RPEI), rifampicin/pyrazinamide/isoniazid (RPI), rifamycin (RFM), and rifapentine (RFP)
\item \code{\link[=spiropyrimidinetriones]{spiropyrimidinetriones()}} can select: \cr zoliflodacin (ZFD)
\item \code{\link[=streptogramins]{streptogramins()}} can select: \cr pristinamycin (PRI) and quinupristin/dalfopristin (QDA)
\item \code{\link[=sulfonamides]{sulfonamides()}} can select: \cr brodimoprim (BDP), sulfadiazine (SDI), sulfadiazine/tetroxoprim (SLT), sulfadimethoxine (SUD), sulfadimidine (SDM), sulfafurazole (SLF), sulfaisodimidine (SLF1), sulfalene (SLF2), sulfamazone (SZO), sulfamerazine (SLF3), sulfamethizole (SLF4), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), sulfamethoxypyridazine (SLF5), sulfametomidine (SLF6), sulfametoxydiazine (SLF7), sulfamoxole (SLF8), sulfanilamide (SLF9), sulfaperin (SLF10), sulfaphenazole (SLF11), sulfapyridine (SLF12), sulfathiazole (SUT), and sulfathiourea (SLF13)
\item \code{\link[=tetracyclines]{tetracyclines()}} can select: \cr cetocycline (CTO), chlortetracycline (CTE), clomocycline (CLM1), demeclocycline (DEM), doxycycline (DOX), eravacycline (ERV), lymecycline (LYM), metacycline (MTC), minocycline (MNO), omadacycline (OMC), oxytetracycline (OXY), penimepicycline (PNM1), rolitetracycline (RLT), sarecycline (SRC), tetracycline (TCY), tetracycline screening test (TCY-S), and tigecycline (TGC)

View File

@@ -5,14 +5,14 @@
\alias{antimicrobials}
\alias{antibiotics}
\alias{antivirals}
\title{Data Sets with 617 Antimicrobial Drugs}
\title{Data Sets with 618 Antimicrobial Drugs}
\format{
\subsection{For the \link{antimicrobials} data set: a \link[tibble:tibble]{tibble} with 497 observations and 14 variables:}{
\subsection{For the \link{antimicrobials} data set: a \link[tibble:tibble]{tibble} with 498 observations and 14 variables:}{
\itemize{
\item \code{ab}\cr antimicrobial ID as used in this package (such as \code{AMC}), using the official EARS-Net (European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network) codes where available. \emph{\strong{This is a unique identifier.}}
\item \code{cid}\cr Compound ID as found in PubChem. \emph{\strong{This is a unique identifier.}}
\item \code{name}\cr Official name as used by WHONET/EARS-Net or the WHO. \emph{\strong{This is a unique identifier.}}
\item \code{group}\cr A short and concise group name, based on WHONET and WHOCC definitions
\item \code{group}\cr One or more short and concise group names, based on WHONET and WHOCC definitions
\item \code{atc}\cr ATC codes (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical) as defined by the WHOCC, like \code{J01CR02} (last updated May 4th, 2025):
\item \code{atc_group1}\cr Official pharmacological subgroup (3rd level ATC code) as defined by the WHOCC, like \code{"Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins"}
\item \code{atc_group2}\cr Official chemical subgroup (4th level ATC code) as defined by the WHOCC, like \code{"Macrolides"}
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ LOINC:
}
}
An object of class \code{deprecated_amr_dataset} (inherits from \code{tbl_df}, \code{tbl}, \code{data.frame}) with 497 rows and 14 columns.
An object of class \code{deprecated_amr_dataset} (inherits from \code{tbl_df}, \code{tbl}, \code{data.frame}) with 498 rows and 14 columns.
An object of class \code{tbl_df} (inherits from \code{tbl}, \code{data.frame}) with 120 rows and 11 columns.
}

View File

@@ -32,8 +32,9 @@ is.sir(x)
is_sir_eligible(x, threshold = 0.05)
\method{as.sir}{default}(x, S = "^(S|U)+$", I = "^(I)+$", R = "^(R)+$",
NI = "^(N|NI|V)+$", SDD = "^(SDD|D|H)+$", info = interactive(), ...)
\method{as.sir}{default}(x, S = "^(S|U|1)+$", I = "^(I|2)+$",
R = "^(R|3)+$", NI = "^(N|NI|V|4)+$", SDD = "^(SDD|D|H|5)+$",
info = interactive(), ...)
\method{as.sir}{mic}(x, mo = NULL, ab = deparse(substitute(x)),
guideline = getOption("AMR_guideline", "EUCAST"), uti = NULL,
@@ -75,7 +76,7 @@ sir_interpretation_history(clean = FALSE)
\arguments{
\item{x}{Vector of values (for class \code{\link{mic}}: MIC values in mg/L, for class \code{\link{disk}}: a disk diffusion radius in millimetres).}
\item{...}{For using on a \link{data.frame}: selection of columns to apply \code{as.sir()} to. Supports \link[tidyselect:starts_with]{tidyselect language} such as \code{where(is.mic)}, \code{starts_with(...)}, or \code{column1:column4}, and can thus also be \link[=amr_selector]{antimicrobial selectors} such as \code{as.sir(df, penicillins())}.
\item{...}{For using on a \link{data.frame}: selection of columns to apply \code{as.sir()} to. Supports \link[tidyselect:starts_with]{tidyselect language} such as \code{where(is.mic)}, \code{starts_with(...)}, or \code{column1:column4}, and can thus also be \link[=amr_selector]{antimicrobial selectors}, e.g. \code{as.sir(df, penicillins())}.
Otherwise: arguments passed on to methods.}
@@ -97,29 +98,29 @@ Otherwise: arguments passed on to methods.}
\code{"none"}
\itemize{
\item \code{<=} and \code{>=} are treated as-is.
\item \code{<} and \code{>} are treated as-is.
\item \code{<=}, \code{<}, \code{>} and \code{>=} are ignored.
}
\code{"conservative"}
\code{"conservative"} (default)
\itemize{
\item \code{<=} and \code{>=} return \code{"NI"} (non-interpretable) if the MIC is within the breakpoint guideline range.
\item \code{<} always returns \code{"S"}, and \code{>} always returns \code{"R"}.
\item \code{<=}, \code{<}, \code{>} and \code{>=} return \code{"NI"} (non-interpretable) if the \emph{true} MIC could be at either side of the breakpoint.
\item This is the only mode that preserves uncertainty for ECOFFs.
}
\code{"standard"} (default)
\code{"standard"}
\itemize{
\item \code{<=} and \code{>=} return \code{"NI"} (non-interpretable) if the MIC is within the breakpoint guideline range.
\item \code{<} and \code{>} are treated as-is.
\item \code{<=} and \code{>=} return \code{"NI"} (non-interpretable) if the \emph{true} MIC could be at either side of the breakpoint.
\item \code{<} always returns \code{"S"}, regardless of the breakpoint.
\item \code{>} always returns \code{"R"}, regardless of the breakpoint.
}
\code{"inverse"}
\code{"lenient"}
\itemize{
\item \code{<=} and \code{>=} are treated as-is.
\item \code{<} always returns \code{"S"}, and \code{>} always returns \code{"R"}.
\item \code{<=} and \code{<} always return \code{"S"}, regardless of the breakpoint.
\item \code{>=} and \code{>} always return \code{"R"}, regardless of the breakpoint.
}
The default \code{"standard"} setting ensures cautious handling of uncertain values while preserving interpretability. This option can also be set with the package option \code{\link[=AMR-options]{AMR_capped_mic_handling}}.}
The default \code{"conservative"} setting ensures cautious handling of uncertain values while preserving interpretability. This option can also be set with the package option \code{\link[=AMR-options]{AMR_capped_mic_handling}}.}
\item{add_intrinsic_resistance}{\emph{(only useful when using a EUCAST guideline)} a \link{logical} to indicate whether intrinsic antibiotic resistance must also be considered for applicable bug-drug combinations, meaning that e.g. ampicillin will always return "R" in \emph{Klebsiella} species. Determination is based on the \link{intrinsic_resistant} data set, that itself is based on \href{https://www.eucast.org/expert_rules_and_expected_phenotypes}{'EUCAST Expert Rules' and 'EUCAST Intrinsic Resistance and Unusual Phenotypes' v3.3} (2021).}
@@ -179,7 +180,7 @@ your_data \%>\% mutate_if(is.mic, as.sir, host = "column_with_animal_species", g
# fast processing with parallel computing:
as.sir(your_data, ..., parallel = TRUE)
}\if{html}{\out{</div>}}
\item Operators like "<=" will be stripped before interpretation. When using \code{capped_mic_handling = "conservative"}, an MIC value of e.g. ">2" will always return "R", even if the breakpoint according to the chosen guideline is ">=4". This is to prevent that capped values from raw laboratory data would not be treated conservatively. The default behaviour (\code{capped_mic_handling = "standard"}) considers ">2" to be lower than ">=4" and might in this case return "S" or "I".
\item Operators like "<=" will be considered according to the \code{capped_mic_handling} setting. At default, an MIC value of e.g. ">2" will return "NI" (non-interpretable) if the breakpoint is 4-8; the \emph{true} MIC could be at either side of the breakpoint. This is to prevent that capped values from raw laboratory data would not be treated conservatively.
\item \strong{Note:} When using CLSI as the guideline, MIC values must be log2-based doubling dilutions. Values not in this format, will be automatically rounded up to the nearest log2 level as CLSI instructs, and a warning will be thrown.
}
\item For \strong{interpreting disk diffusion diameters} according to EUCAST or CLSI. You must clean your disk zones first using \code{\link[=as.disk]{as.disk()}}, that also gives your columns the new data class \code{\link{disk}}. Also, be sure to have a column with microorganism names or codes. It will be found automatically, but can be set manually using the \code{mo} argument.
@@ -442,6 +443,10 @@ as.sir(
as.sir(c("S", "SDD", "I", "R", "NI", "A", "B", "C"))
as.sir("<= 0.002; S") # will return "S"
as.sir(c(1, 2, 3))
as.sir(c(1, 2, 3), S = 3, I = 2, R = 1)
sir_data <- as.sir(c(rep("S", 474), rep("I", 36), rep("R", 370)))
is.sir(sir_data)
plot(sir_data) # for percentages

View File

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ A \link[tibble:tibble]{tibble} with 40 217 observations and 14 variables:
clinical_breakpoints
}
\description{
Data set containing clinical breakpoints to interpret MIC and disk diffusion to SIR values, according to international guidelines. This dataset contain breakpoints for humans, 7 different animal groups, and ECOFFs.
Data set containing clinical breakpoints to interpret MIC and disk diffusion to SIR values, according to international guidelines. This data set contains breakpoints for humans, 7 different animal groups, and ECOFFs.
These breakpoints are currently implemented:
\itemize{

View File

@@ -98,37 +98,40 @@ x
#> amoxicillin (AMX), ampicillin (AMP), azlocillin (AZL), mezlocillin (MEZ), piperacillin (PIP), piperacillin/tazobactam (TZP)
}\if{html}{\out{</div>}}
These 35 antimicrobial groups are allowed in the rules (case-insensitive) and can be used in any combination:
These 38 antimicrobial groups are allowed in the rules (case-insensitive) and can be used in any combination:
\itemize{
\item aminoglycosides\cr(amikacin, amikacin/fosfomycin, apramycin, arbekacin, astromicin, bekanamycin, dibekacin, framycetin, gentamicin, gentamicin-high, habekacin, hygromycin, isepamicin, kanamycin, kanamycin-high, kanamycin/cephalexin, micronomicin, neomycin, netilmicin, pentisomicin, plazomicin, propikacin, ribostamycin, sisomicin, streptoduocin, streptomycin, streptomycin-high, tobramycin, and tobramycin-high)
\item aminopenicillins\cr(amoxicillin and ampicillin)
\item aminopenicillins\cr(amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, and ampicillin)
\item antifungals\cr(amorolfine, amphotericin B, amphotericin B-high, anidulafungin, butoconazole, caspofungin, ciclopirox, clotrimazole, econazole, fluconazole, flucytosine, fosfluconazole, griseofulvin, hachimycin, ibrexafungerp, isavuconazole, isoconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole, manogepix, micafungin, miconazole, nystatin, oteseconazole, pimaricin, posaconazole, rezafungin, ribociclib, sulconazole, terbinafine, terconazole, and voriconazole)
\item antimycobacterials\cr(4-aminosalicylic acid, calcium aminosalicylate, capreomycin, clofazimine, delamanid, enviomycin, ethambutol, ethambutol/isoniazid, ethionamide, isoniazid, isoniazid/sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim/pyridoxine, morinamide, p-aminosalicylic acid, pretomanid, protionamide, pyrazinamide, rifabutin, rifampicin, rifampicin/ethambutol/isoniazid, rifampicin/isoniazid, rifampicin/pyrazinamide/ethambutol/isoniazid, rifampicin/pyrazinamide/isoniazid, rifamycin, rifapentine, simvastatin/fenofibrate, sodium aminosalicylate, streptomycin/isoniazid, terizidone, thioacetazone, thioacetazone/isoniazid, tiocarlide, and viomycin)
\item betalactams\cr(amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, amoxicillin/sulbactam, ampicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, apalcillin, aspoxicillin, azidocillin, azlocillin, aztreonam, aztreonam/avibactam, aztreonam/nacubactam, bacampicillin, benzathine benzylpenicillin, benzathine phenoxymethylpenicillin, benzylpenicillin, benzylpenicillin screening test, biapenem, carbenicillin, carindacillin, carumonam, cefacetrile, cefaclor, cefadroxil, cefalexin, cefaloridine, cefalotin, cefamandole, cefapirin, cefatrizine, cefazedone, cefazolin, cefcapene, cefcapene pivoxil, cefdinir, cefditoren, cefditoren pivoxil, cefepime, cefepime/amikacin, cefepime/clavulanic acid, cefepime/enmetazobactam, cefepime/nacubactam, cefepime/tazobactam, cefepime/zidebactam, cefetamet, cefetamet pivoxil, cefetecol, cefetrizole, cefiderocol, cefixime, cefmenoxime, cefmetazole, cefodizime, cefonicid, cefoperazone, cefoperazone/sulbactam, ceforanide, cefoselis, cefotaxime, cefotaxime screening test, cefotaxime/clavulanic acid, cefotaxime/sulbactam, cefotetan, cefotiam, cefotiam hexetil, cefovecin, cefoxitin, cefoxitin screening test, cefozopran, cefpimizole, cefpiramide, cefpirome, cefpodoxime, cefpodoxime proxetil, cefpodoxime/clavulanic acid, cefprozil, cefquinome, cefroxadine, cefsulodin, cefsumide, ceftaroline, ceftaroline/avibactam, ceftazidime, ceftazidime/avibactam, ceftazidime/clavulanic acid, cefteram, cefteram pivoxil, ceftezole, ceftibuten, ceftiofur, ceftizoxime, ceftizoxime alapivoxil, ceftobiprole, ceftobiprole medocaril, ceftolozane/tazobactam, ceftriaxone, ceftriaxone/beta-lactamase inhibitor, cefuroxime, cefuroxime axetil, cephradine, ciclacillin, clometocillin, cloxacillin, dicloxacillin, doripenem, epicillin, ertapenem, flucloxacillin, hetacillin, imipenem, imipenem/EDTA, imipenem/relebactam, latamoxef, lenampicillin, loracarbef, mecillinam, meropenem, meropenem/nacubactam, meropenem/vaborbactam, metampicillin, meticillin, mezlocillin, mezlocillin/sulbactam, nafcillin, oxacillin, oxacillin screening test, panipenem, penamecillin, penicillin/novobiocin, penicillin/sulbactam, pheneticillin, phenoxymethylpenicillin, piperacillin, piperacillin/sulbactam, piperacillin/tazobactam, piridicillin, pivampicillin, pivmecillinam, procaine benzylpenicillin, propicillin, razupenem, ritipenem, ritipenem acoxil, sarmoxicillin, sulbenicillin, sultamicillin, talampicillin, tebipenem, temocillin, ticarcillin, ticarcillin/clavulanic acid, and tigemonam)
\item betalactams_with_inhibitor\cr(amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, amoxicillin/sulbactam, ampicillin/sulbactam, aztreonam/avibactam, aztreonam/nacubactam, cefepime/amikacin, cefepime/clavulanic acid, cefepime/enmetazobactam, cefepime/nacubactam, cefepime/tazobactam, cefepime/zidebactam, cefoperazone/sulbactam, cefotaxime/clavulanic acid, cefotaxime/sulbactam, cefpodoxime/clavulanic acid, ceftaroline/avibactam, ceftazidime/avibactam, ceftazidime/clavulanic acid, ceftolozane/tazobactam, ceftriaxone/beta-lactamase inhibitor, imipenem/relebactam, meropenem/nacubactam, meropenem/vaborbactam, mezlocillin/sulbactam, penicillin/novobiocin, penicillin/sulbactam, piperacillin/sulbactam, piperacillin/tazobactam, and ticarcillin/clavulanic acid)
\item carbapenems\cr(biapenem, doripenem, ertapenem, imipenem, imipenem/EDTA, imipenem/relebactam, meropenem, meropenem/nacubactam, meropenem/vaborbactam, panipenem, razupenem, ritipenem, ritipenem acoxil, and tebipenem)
\item cephalosporins\cr(cefacetrile, cefaclor, cefadroxil, cefalexin, cefaloridine, cefalotin, cefamandole, cefapirin, cefatrizine, cefazedone, cefazolin, cefcapene, cefcapene pivoxil, cefdinir, cefditoren, cefditoren pivoxil, cefepime, cefepime/amikacin, cefepime/clavulanic acid, cefepime/enmetazobactam, cefepime/nacubactam, cefepime/tazobactam, cefepime/zidebactam, cefetamet, cefetamet pivoxil, cefetecol, cefetrizole, cefiderocol, cefixime, cefmenoxime, cefmetazole, cefodizime, cefonicid, cefoperazone, cefoperazone/sulbactam, ceforanide, cefoselis, cefotaxime, cefotaxime screening test, cefotaxime/clavulanic acid, cefotaxime/sulbactam, cefotetan, cefotiam, cefotiam hexetil, cefovecin, cefoxitin, cefoxitin screening test, cefozopran, cefpimizole, cefpiramide, cefpirome, cefpodoxime, cefpodoxime proxetil, cefpodoxime/clavulanic acid, cefprozil, cefquinome, cefroxadine, cefsulodin, cefsumide, ceftaroline, ceftaroline/avibactam, ceftazidime, ceftazidime/avibactam, ceftazidime/clavulanic acid, cefteram, cefteram pivoxil, ceftezole, ceftibuten, ceftiofur, ceftizoxime, ceftizoxime alapivoxil, ceftobiprole, ceftobiprole medocaril, ceftolozane/tazobactam, ceftriaxone, ceftriaxone/beta-lactamase inhibitor, cefuroxime, cefuroxime axetil, cephradine, latamoxef, and loracarbef)
\item antimycobacterials\cr(4-aminosalicylic acid, calcium aminosalicylate, capreomycin, clofazimine, delamanid, enviomycin, ethambutol, ethambutol/isoniazid, ethionamide, isoniazid, isoniazid/sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim/pyridoxine, morinamide, p-aminosalicylic acid, pretomanid, protionamide, pyrazinamide, rifabutin, rifampicin, rifampicin/ethambutol/isoniazid, rifampicin/isoniazid, rifampicin/pyrazinamide/ethambutol/isoniazid, rifampicin/pyrazinamide/isoniazid, rifamycin, rifapentine, sodium aminosalicylate, streptomycin/isoniazid, terizidone, thioacetazone, thioacetazone/isoniazid, tiocarlide, and viomycin)
\item betalactamase_inhibitors\cr(amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, amoxicillin/sulbactam, ampicillin/sulbactam, avibactam, aztreonam/avibactam, aztreonam/nacubactam, cefepime/enmetazobactam, cefepime/nacubactam, cefepime/taniborbactam, cefepime/tazobactam, cefepime/zidebactam, cefoperazone/sulbactam, cefotaxime/sulbactam, ceftaroline/avibactam, ceftazidime/avibactam, ceftolozane/tazobactam, imipenem/relebactam, meropenem/nacubactam, meropenem/vaborbactam, mezlocillin/sulbactam, nacubactam, penicillin/sulbactam, piperacillin/sulbactam, piperacillin/tazobactam, sulbactam, sultamicillin, taniborbactam, tazobactam, ticarcillin/clavulanic acid, and zidebactam)
\item betalactams\cr(amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, amoxicillin/sulbactam, ampicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, apalcillin, aspoxicillin, azidocillin, azlocillin, aztreonam, aztreonam/avibactam, aztreonam/nacubactam, bacampicillin, benzathine benzylpenicillin, benzathine phenoxymethylpenicillin, benzylpenicillin, benzylpenicillin screening test, biapenem, carbenicillin, carindacillin, carumonam, cefacetrile, cefaclor, cefadroxil, cefalexin, cefaloridine, cefalotin, cefamandole, cefapirin, cefatrizine, cefazedone, cefazolin, cefcapene, cefcapene pivoxil, cefdinir, cefditoren, cefditoren pivoxil, cefepime, cefepime/amikacin, cefepime/clavulanic acid, cefepime/enmetazobactam, cefepime/nacubactam, cefepime/taniborbactam, cefepime/tazobactam, cefepime/zidebactam, cefetamet, cefetamet pivoxil, cefetecol, cefetrizole, cefiderocol, cefixime, cefmenoxime, cefmetazole, cefodizime, cefonicid, cefoperazone, cefoperazone/sulbactam, ceforanide, cefoselis, cefotaxime, cefotaxime screening test, cefotaxime/clavulanic acid, cefotaxime/sulbactam, cefotetan, cefotiam, cefotiam hexetil, cefovecin, cefoxitin, cefoxitin screening test, cefozopran, cefpimizole, cefpiramide, cefpirome, cefpodoxime, cefpodoxime proxetil, cefpodoxime/clavulanic acid, cefprozil, cefquinome, cefroxadine, cefsulodin, cefsumide, ceftaroline, ceftaroline/avibactam, ceftazidime, ceftazidime/avibactam, ceftazidime/clavulanic acid, cefteram, cefteram pivoxil, ceftezole, ceftibuten, ceftiofur, ceftizoxime, ceftizoxime alapivoxil, ceftobiprole, ceftobiprole medocaril, ceftolozane/tazobactam, ceftriaxone, ceftriaxone/beta-lactamase inhibitor, cefuroxime, cefuroxime axetil, cephradine, ciclacillin, clometocillin, cloxacillin, dicloxacillin, doripenem, epicillin, ertapenem, flucloxacillin, hetacillin, imipenem, imipenem/EDTA, imipenem/relebactam, latamoxef, lenampicillin, loracarbef, mecillinam, meropenem, meropenem/nacubactam, meropenem/vaborbactam, metampicillin, meticillin, mezlocillin, mezlocillin/sulbactam, nafcillin, oxacillin, oxacillin screening test, panipenem, penamecillin, penicillin/novobiocin, penicillin/sulbactam, pheneticillin, phenoxymethylpenicillin, piperacillin, piperacillin/sulbactam, piperacillin/tazobactam, piridicillin, pivampicillin, pivmecillinam, procaine benzylpenicillin, propicillin, razupenem, ritipenem, ritipenem acoxil, sarmoxicillin, sulbenicillin, sultamicillin, talampicillin, taniborbactam, tebipenem, temocillin, ticarcillin, ticarcillin/clavulanic acid, and tigemonam)
\item betalactams_with_inhibitor\cr(amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, amoxicillin/sulbactam, ampicillin/sulbactam, aztreonam/avibactam, aztreonam/nacubactam, cefepime/amikacin, cefepime/clavulanic acid, cefepime/enmetazobactam, cefepime/nacubactam, cefepime/taniborbactam, cefepime/tazobactam, cefepime/zidebactam, cefoperazone/sulbactam, cefotaxime/clavulanic acid, cefotaxime/sulbactam, cefpodoxime/clavulanic acid, ceftaroline/avibactam, ceftazidime/avibactam, ceftazidime/clavulanic acid, ceftolozane/tazobactam, ceftriaxone/beta-lactamase inhibitor, imipenem/relebactam, meropenem/nacubactam, meropenem/vaborbactam, mezlocillin/sulbactam, penicillin/novobiocin, penicillin/sulbactam, piperacillin/sulbactam, piperacillin/tazobactam, and ticarcillin/clavulanic acid)
\item carbapenems\cr(biapenem, doripenem, ertapenem, imipenem, imipenem/EDTA, imipenem/relebactam, meropenem, meropenem/nacubactam, meropenem/vaborbactam, panipenem, razupenem, ritipenem, ritipenem acoxil, taniborbactam, and tebipenem)
\item cephalosporins\cr(cefacetrile, cefaclor, cefadroxil, cefalexin, cefaloridine, cefalotin, cefamandole, cefapirin, cefatrizine, cefazedone, cefazolin, cefcapene, cefcapene pivoxil, cefdinir, cefditoren, cefditoren pivoxil, cefepime, cefepime/amikacin, cefepime/clavulanic acid, cefepime/enmetazobactam, cefepime/nacubactam, cefepime/taniborbactam, cefepime/tazobactam, cefepime/zidebactam, cefetamet, cefetamet pivoxil, cefetecol, cefetrizole, cefiderocol, cefixime, cefmenoxime, cefmetazole, cefodizime, cefonicid, cefoperazone, cefoperazone/sulbactam, ceforanide, cefoselis, cefotaxime, cefotaxime screening test, cefotaxime/clavulanic acid, cefotaxime/sulbactam, cefotetan, cefotiam, cefotiam hexetil, cefovecin, cefoxitin, cefoxitin screening test, cefozopran, cefpimizole, cefpiramide, cefpirome, cefpodoxime, cefpodoxime proxetil, cefpodoxime/clavulanic acid, cefprozil, cefquinome, cefroxadine, cefsulodin, cefsumide, ceftaroline, ceftaroline/avibactam, ceftazidime, ceftazidime/avibactam, ceftazidime/clavulanic acid, cefteram, cefteram pivoxil, ceftezole, ceftibuten, ceftiofur, ceftizoxime, ceftizoxime alapivoxil, ceftobiprole, ceftobiprole medocaril, ceftolozane/tazobactam, ceftriaxone, ceftriaxone/beta-lactamase inhibitor, cefuroxime, cefuroxime axetil, cephradine, latamoxef, and loracarbef)
\item cephalosporins_1st\cr(cefacetrile, cefadroxil, cefalexin, cefaloridine, cefalotin, cefapirin, cefatrizine, cefazedone, cefazolin, cefroxadine, ceftezole, and cephradine)
\item cephalosporins_2nd\cr(cefaclor, cefamandole, cefmetazole, cefonicid, ceforanide, cefotetan, cefotiam, cefoxitin, cefoxitin screening test, cefprozil, cefuroxime, cefuroxime axetil, and loracarbef)
\item cephalosporins_3rd\cr(cefcapene, cefcapene pivoxil, cefdinir, cefditoren, cefditoren pivoxil, cefetamet, cefetamet pivoxil, cefixime, cefmenoxime, cefodizime, cefoperazone, cefoperazone/sulbactam, cefotaxime, cefotaxime screening test, cefotaxime/clavulanic acid, cefotaxime/sulbactam, cefotiam hexetil, cefovecin, cefpimizole, cefpiramide, cefpodoxime, cefpodoxime proxetil, cefpodoxime/clavulanic acid, cefsulodin, ceftazidime, ceftazidime/avibactam, ceftazidime/clavulanic acid, cefteram, cefteram pivoxil, ceftibuten, ceftiofur, ceftizoxime, ceftizoxime alapivoxil, ceftriaxone, ceftriaxone/beta-lactamase inhibitor, and latamoxef)
\item cephalosporins_4th\cr(cefepime, cefepime/amikacin, cefepime/clavulanic acid, cefepime/enmetazobactam, cefepime/nacubactam, cefepime/tazobactam, cefepime/zidebactam, cefetecol, cefoselis, cefozopran, cefpirome, and cefquinome)
\item cephalosporins_4th\cr(cefepime, cefepime/amikacin, cefepime/clavulanic acid, cefepime/enmetazobactam, cefepime/nacubactam, cefepime/taniborbactam, cefepime/tazobactam, cefepime/zidebactam, cefetecol, cefoselis, cefozopran, cefpirome, and cefquinome)
\item cephalosporins_5th\cr(ceftaroline, ceftaroline/avibactam, ceftobiprole, ceftobiprole medocaril, and ceftolozane/tazobactam)
\item cephalosporins_except_caz\cr(cefacetrile, cefaclor, cefadroxil, cefalexin, cefaloridine, cefalotin, cefamandole, cefapirin, cefatrizine, cefazedone, cefazolin, cefcapene, cefcapene pivoxil, cefdinir, cefditoren, cefditoren pivoxil, cefepime, cefepime/amikacin, cefepime/clavulanic acid, cefepime/enmetazobactam, cefepime/nacubactam, cefepime/tazobactam, cefepime/zidebactam, cefetamet, cefetamet pivoxil, cefetecol, cefetrizole, cefiderocol, cefixime, cefmenoxime, cefmetazole, cefodizime, cefonicid, cefoperazone, cefoperazone/sulbactam, ceforanide, cefoselis, cefotaxime, cefotaxime screening test, cefotaxime/clavulanic acid, cefotaxime/sulbactam, cefotetan, cefotiam, cefotiam hexetil, cefovecin, cefoxitin, cefoxitin screening test, cefozopran, cefpimizole, cefpiramide, cefpirome, cefpodoxime, cefpodoxime proxetil, cefpodoxime/clavulanic acid, cefprozil, cefquinome, cefroxadine, cefsulodin, cefsumide, ceftaroline, ceftaroline/avibactam, ceftazidime/avibactam, ceftazidime/clavulanic acid, cefteram, cefteram pivoxil, ceftezole, ceftibuten, ceftiofur, ceftizoxime, ceftizoxime alapivoxil, ceftobiprole, ceftobiprole medocaril, ceftolozane/tazobactam, ceftriaxone, ceftriaxone/beta-lactamase inhibitor, cefuroxime, cefuroxime axetil, cephradine, latamoxef, and loracarbef)
\item cephalosporins_except_caz\cr(cefacetrile, cefaclor, cefadroxil, cefalexin, cefaloridine, cefalotin, cefamandole, cefapirin, cefatrizine, cefazedone, cefazolin, cefcapene, cefcapene pivoxil, cefdinir, cefditoren, cefditoren pivoxil, cefepime, cefepime/amikacin, cefepime/clavulanic acid, cefepime/enmetazobactam, cefepime/nacubactam, cefepime/taniborbactam, cefepime/tazobactam, cefepime/zidebactam, cefetamet, cefetamet pivoxil, cefetecol, cefetrizole, cefiderocol, cefixime, cefmenoxime, cefmetazole, cefodizime, cefonicid, cefoperazone, cefoperazone/sulbactam, ceforanide, cefoselis, cefotaxime, cefotaxime screening test, cefotaxime/clavulanic acid, cefotaxime/sulbactam, cefotetan, cefotiam, cefotiam hexetil, cefovecin, cefoxitin, cefoxitin screening test, cefozopran, cefpimizole, cefpiramide, cefpirome, cefpodoxime, cefpodoxime proxetil, cefpodoxime/clavulanic acid, cefprozil, cefquinome, cefroxadine, cefsulodin, cefsumide, ceftaroline, ceftaroline/avibactam, ceftazidime/avibactam, ceftazidime/clavulanic acid, cefteram, cefteram pivoxil, ceftezole, ceftibuten, ceftiofur, ceftizoxime, ceftizoxime alapivoxil, ceftobiprole, ceftobiprole medocaril, ceftolozane/tazobactam, ceftriaxone, ceftriaxone/beta-lactamase inhibitor, cefuroxime, cefuroxime axetil, cephradine, latamoxef, and loracarbef)
\item fluoroquinolones\cr(besifloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ciprofloxacin/metronidazole, ciprofloxacin/ornidazole, ciprofloxacin/tinidazole, clinafloxacin, danofloxacin, delafloxacin, difloxacin, enoxacin, enrofloxacin, finafloxacin, fleroxacin, garenoxacin, gatifloxacin, gemifloxacin, grepafloxacin, lascufloxacin, levofloxacin, levofloxacin/ornidazole, levonadifloxacin, lomefloxacin, marbofloxacin, metioxate, miloxacin, moxifloxacin, nadifloxacin, nemonoxacin, nifuroquine, nitroxoline, norfloxacin, norfloxacin screening test, norfloxacin/metronidazole, norfloxacin/tinidazole, ofloxacin, ofloxacin/ornidazole, orbifloxacin, pazufloxacin, pefloxacin, pefloxacin screening test, pradofloxacin, premafloxacin, prulifloxacin, rufloxacin, sarafloxacin, sitafloxacin, sparfloxacin, temafloxacin, tilbroquinol, tioxacin, tosufloxacin, and trovafloxacin)
\item glycopeptides\cr(avoparcin, bleomycin, dalbavancin, norvancomycin, oritavancin, ramoplanin, teicoplanin, teicoplanin-macromethod, telavancin, vancomycin, and vancomycin-macromethod)
\item glycopeptides_except_lipo\cr(avoparcin, bleomycin, norvancomycin, ramoplanin, teicoplanin, teicoplanin-macromethod, vancomycin, and vancomycin-macromethod)
\item isoxazolylpenicillins\cr(cloxacillin, dicloxacillin, flucloxacillin, meticillin, oxacillin, and oxacillin screening test)
\item lincosamides\cr(clindamycin, lincomycin, and pirlimycin)
\item lincosamides\cr(clindamycin, clindamycin inducible screening test, lincomycin, and pirlimycin)
\item lipoglycopeptides\cr(dalbavancin, oritavancin, and telavancin)
\item macrolides\cr(acetylmidecamycin, acetylspiramycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, dirithromycin, erythromycin, flurithromycin, gamithromycin, josamycin, kitasamycin, meleumycin, midecamycin, miocamycin, nafithromycin, oleandomycin, rokitamycin, roxithromycin, solithromycin, spiramycin, telithromycin, tildipirosin, tilmicosin, troleandomycin, tulathromycin, tylosin, and tylvalosin)
\item macrolides\cr(acetylmidecamycin, acetylspiramycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, clindamycin inducible screening test, dirithromycin, erythromycin, flurithromycin, gamithromycin, josamycin, kitasamycin, meleumycin, midecamycin, miocamycin, nafithromycin, oleandomycin, pirlimycin, primycin, rokitamycin, roxithromycin, solithromycin, spiramycin, telithromycin, tildipirosin, tilmicosin, troleandomycin, tulathromycin, tylosin, and tylvalosin)
\item monobactams\cr(aztreonam, aztreonam/avibactam, aztreonam/nacubactam, carumonam, and tigemonam)
\item nitrofurans\cr(furazidin, furazolidone, nifurtoinol, nitrofurantoin, and nitrofurazone)
\item oxazolidinones\cr(cadazolid, cycloserine, linezolid, tedizolid, and thiacetazone)
\item penicillins\cr(amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, amoxicillin/sulbactam, ampicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, apalcillin, aspoxicillin, azidocillin, azlocillin, bacampicillin, benzathine benzylpenicillin, benzathine phenoxymethylpenicillin, benzylpenicillin, benzylpenicillin screening test, carbenicillin, carindacillin, ciclacillin, clometocillin, cloxacillin, dicloxacillin, epicillin, flucloxacillin, hetacillin, lenampicillin, mecillinam, metampicillin, meticillin, mezlocillin, mezlocillin/sulbactam, nafcillin, oxacillin, oxacillin screening test, penamecillin, penicillin/novobiocin, penicillin/sulbactam, pheneticillin, phenoxymethylpenicillin, piperacillin, piperacillin/sulbactam, piperacillin/tazobactam, piridicillin, pivampicillin, pivmecillinam, procaine benzylpenicillin, propicillin, sarmoxicillin, sulbenicillin, sultamicillin, talampicillin, temocillin, ticarcillin, and ticarcillin/clavulanic acid)
\item phenicols\cr(chloramphenicol, florfenicol, and thiamphenicol)
\item phosphonics\cr(amikacin/fosfomycin and fosfomycin)
\item polymyxins\cr(colistin, polymyxin B, and polymyxin B/polysorbate 80)
\item quinolones\cr(besifloxacin, cinoxacin, ciprofloxacin, ciprofloxacin/metronidazole, ciprofloxacin/ornidazole, ciprofloxacin/tinidazole, clinafloxacin, danofloxacin, delafloxacin, difloxacin, enoxacin, enrofloxacin, finafloxacin, fleroxacin, flumequine, garenoxacin, gatifloxacin, gemifloxacin, grepafloxacin, lascufloxacin, levofloxacin, levofloxacin/ornidazole, levonadifloxacin, lomefloxacin, marbofloxacin, metioxate, miloxacin, moxifloxacin, nadifloxacin, nalidixic acid, nalidixic acid screening test, nemonoxacin, nifuroquine, nitroxoline, norfloxacin, norfloxacin screening test, norfloxacin/metronidazole, norfloxacin/tinidazole, ofloxacin, ofloxacin/ornidazole, orbifloxacin, oxolinic acid, pazufloxacin, pefloxacin, pefloxacin screening test, pipemidic acid, piromidic acid, pradofloxacin, premafloxacin, prulifloxacin, rosoxacin, rufloxacin, sarafloxacin, sitafloxacin, sparfloxacin, temafloxacin, tilbroquinol, tioxacin, tosufloxacin, and trovafloxacin)
\item quinolones\cr(besifloxacin, cinoxacin, ciprofloxacin, ciprofloxacin/metronidazole, ciprofloxacin/ornidazole, ciprofloxacin/tinidazole, clinafloxacin, danofloxacin, delafloxacin, difloxacin, enoxacin, enrofloxacin, finafloxacin, fleroxacin, flumequine, garenoxacin, gatifloxacin, gemifloxacin, grepafloxacin, lascufloxacin, levofloxacin, levofloxacin/ornidazole, levonadifloxacin, lomefloxacin, marbofloxacin, metioxate, miloxacin, moxifloxacin, nadifloxacin, nalidixic acid, nalidixic acid screening test, nemonoxacin, nifuroquine, nitroxoline, norfloxacin, norfloxacin screening test, norfloxacin/metronidazole, norfloxacin/tinidazole, ofloxacin, ofloxacin/ornidazole, orbifloxacin, oxolinic acid, ozenoxacin, pazufloxacin, pefloxacin, pefloxacin screening test, pipemidic acid, piromidic acid, pradofloxacin, premafloxacin, prulifloxacin, rosoxacin, rufloxacin, sarafloxacin, sitafloxacin, sparfloxacin, temafloxacin, tilbroquinol, tioxacin, tosufloxacin, and trovafloxacin)
\item rifamycins\cr(rifabutin, rifampicin, rifampicin/ethambutol/isoniazid, rifampicin/isoniazid, rifampicin/pyrazinamide/ethambutol/isoniazid, rifampicin/pyrazinamide/isoniazid, rifamycin, and rifapentine)
\item spiropyrimidinetriones\cr(zoliflodacin)
\item streptogramins\cr(pristinamycin and quinupristin/dalfopristin)
\item sulfonamides\cr(brodimoprim, sulfadiazine, sulfadiazine/tetroxoprim, sulfadimethoxine, sulfadimidine, sulfafurazole, sulfaisodimidine, sulfalene, sulfamazone, sulfamerazine, sulfamethizole, sulfamethoxazole, sulfamethoxypyridazine, sulfametomidine, sulfametoxydiazine, sulfamoxole, sulfanilamide, sulfaperin, sulfaphenazole, sulfapyridine, sulfathiazole, and sulfathiourea)
\item tetracyclines\cr(cetocycline, chlortetracycline, clomocycline, demeclocycline, doxycycline, eravacycline, lymecycline, metacycline, minocycline, omadacycline, oxytetracycline, penimepicycline, rolitetracycline, sarecycline, tetracycline, tetracycline screening test, and tigecycline)

View File

@@ -94,35 +94,37 @@ You can define antimicrobial groups instead of single antimicrobials for the rul
)
}\if{html}{\out{</div>}}
All 35 antimicrobial selectors are supported for use in the rules:
All 38 antimicrobial selectors are supported for use in the rules:
\itemize{
\item \code{\link[=aminoglycosides]{aminoglycosides()}} can select: \cr amikacin, amikacin/fosfomycin, apramycin, arbekacin, astromicin, bekanamycin, dibekacin, framycetin, gentamicin, gentamicin-high, habekacin, hygromycin, isepamicin, kanamycin, kanamycin-high, kanamycin/cephalexin, micronomicin, neomycin, netilmicin, pentisomicin, plazomicin, propikacin, ribostamycin, sisomicin, streptoduocin, streptomycin, streptomycin-high, tobramycin, and tobramycin-high
\item \code{\link[=aminopenicillins]{aminopenicillins()}} can select: \cr amoxicillin and ampicillin
\item \code{\link[=aminopenicillins]{aminopenicillins()}} can select: \cr amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, and ampicillin
\item \code{\link[=antifungals]{antifungals()}} can select: \cr amorolfine, amphotericin B, amphotericin B-high, anidulafungin, butoconazole, caspofungin, ciclopirox, clotrimazole, econazole, fluconazole, flucytosine, fosfluconazole, griseofulvin, hachimycin, ibrexafungerp, isavuconazole, isoconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole, manogepix, micafungin, miconazole, nystatin, oteseconazole, pimaricin, posaconazole, rezafungin, ribociclib, sulconazole, terbinafine, terconazole, and voriconazole
\item \code{\link[=antimycobacterials]{antimycobacterials()}} can select: \cr 4-aminosalicylic acid, calcium aminosalicylate, capreomycin, clofazimine, delamanid, enviomycin, ethambutol, ethambutol/isoniazid, ethionamide, isoniazid, isoniazid/sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim/pyridoxine, morinamide, p-aminosalicylic acid, pretomanid, protionamide, pyrazinamide, rifabutin, rifampicin, rifampicin/ethambutol/isoniazid, rifampicin/isoniazid, rifampicin/pyrazinamide/ethambutol/isoniazid, rifampicin/pyrazinamide/isoniazid, rifamycin, rifapentine, simvastatin/fenofibrate, sodium aminosalicylate, streptomycin/isoniazid, terizidone, thioacetazone, thioacetazone/isoniazid, tiocarlide, and viomycin
\item \code{\link[=betalactams]{betalactams()}} can select: \cr amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, amoxicillin/sulbactam, ampicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, apalcillin, aspoxicillin, azidocillin, azlocillin, aztreonam, aztreonam/avibactam, aztreonam/nacubactam, bacampicillin, benzathine benzylpenicillin, benzathine phenoxymethylpenicillin, benzylpenicillin, benzylpenicillin screening test, biapenem, carbenicillin, carindacillin, carumonam, cefacetrile, cefaclor, cefadroxil, cefalexin, cefaloridine, cefalotin, cefamandole, cefapirin, cefatrizine, cefazedone, cefazolin, cefcapene, cefcapene pivoxil, cefdinir, cefditoren, cefditoren pivoxil, cefepime, cefepime/amikacin, cefepime/clavulanic acid, cefepime/enmetazobactam, cefepime/nacubactam, cefepime/tazobactam, cefepime/zidebactam, cefetamet, cefetamet pivoxil, cefetecol, cefetrizole, cefiderocol, cefixime, cefmenoxime, cefmetazole, cefodizime, cefonicid, cefoperazone, cefoperazone/sulbactam, ceforanide, cefoselis, cefotaxime, cefotaxime screening test, cefotaxime/clavulanic acid, cefotaxime/sulbactam, cefotetan, cefotiam, cefotiam hexetil, cefovecin, cefoxitin, cefoxitin screening test, cefozopran, cefpimizole, cefpiramide, cefpirome, cefpodoxime, cefpodoxime proxetil, cefpodoxime/clavulanic acid, cefprozil, cefquinome, cefroxadine, cefsulodin, cefsumide, ceftaroline, ceftaroline/avibactam, ceftazidime, ceftazidime/avibactam, ceftazidime/clavulanic acid, cefteram, cefteram pivoxil, ceftezole, ceftibuten, ceftiofur, ceftizoxime, ceftizoxime alapivoxil, ceftobiprole, ceftobiprole medocaril, ceftolozane/tazobactam, ceftriaxone, ceftriaxone/beta-lactamase inhibitor, cefuroxime, cefuroxime axetil, cephradine, ciclacillin, clometocillin, cloxacillin, dicloxacillin, doripenem, epicillin, ertapenem, flucloxacillin, hetacillin, imipenem, imipenem/EDTA, imipenem/relebactam, latamoxef, lenampicillin, loracarbef, mecillinam, meropenem, meropenem/nacubactam, meropenem/vaborbactam, metampicillin, meticillin, mezlocillin, mezlocillin/sulbactam, nafcillin, oxacillin, oxacillin screening test, panipenem, penamecillin, penicillin/novobiocin, penicillin/sulbactam, pheneticillin, phenoxymethylpenicillin, piperacillin, piperacillin/sulbactam, piperacillin/tazobactam, piridicillin, pivampicillin, pivmecillinam, procaine benzylpenicillin, propicillin, razupenem, ritipenem, ritipenem acoxil, sarmoxicillin, sulbenicillin, sultamicillin, talampicillin, tebipenem, temocillin, ticarcillin, ticarcillin/clavulanic acid, and tigemonam
\item \code{\link[=betalactams_with_inhibitor]{betalactams_with_inhibitor()}} can select: \cr amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, amoxicillin/sulbactam, ampicillin/sulbactam, aztreonam/avibactam, aztreonam/nacubactam, cefepime/amikacin, cefepime/clavulanic acid, cefepime/enmetazobactam, cefepime/nacubactam, cefepime/tazobactam, cefepime/zidebactam, cefoperazone/sulbactam, cefotaxime/clavulanic acid, cefotaxime/sulbactam, cefpodoxime/clavulanic acid, ceftaroline/avibactam, ceftazidime/avibactam, ceftazidime/clavulanic acid, ceftolozane/tazobactam, ceftriaxone/beta-lactamase inhibitor, imipenem/relebactam, meropenem/nacubactam, meropenem/vaborbactam, mezlocillin/sulbactam, penicillin/novobiocin, penicillin/sulbactam, piperacillin/sulbactam, piperacillin/tazobactam, and ticarcillin/clavulanic acid
\item \code{\link[=carbapenems]{carbapenems()}} can select: \cr biapenem, doripenem, ertapenem, imipenem, imipenem/EDTA, imipenem/relebactam, meropenem, meropenem/nacubactam, meropenem/vaborbactam, panipenem, razupenem, ritipenem, ritipenem acoxil, and tebipenem
\item \code{\link[=cephalosporins]{cephalosporins()}} can select: \cr cefacetrile, cefaclor, cefadroxil, cefalexin, cefaloridine, cefalotin, cefamandole, cefapirin, cefatrizine, cefazedone, cefazolin, cefcapene, cefcapene pivoxil, cefdinir, cefditoren, cefditoren pivoxil, cefepime, cefepime/amikacin, cefepime/clavulanic acid, cefepime/enmetazobactam, cefepime/nacubactam, cefepime/tazobactam, cefepime/zidebactam, cefetamet, cefetamet pivoxil, cefetecol, cefetrizole, cefiderocol, cefixime, cefmenoxime, cefmetazole, cefodizime, cefonicid, cefoperazone, cefoperazone/sulbactam, ceforanide, cefoselis, cefotaxime, cefotaxime screening test, cefotaxime/clavulanic acid, cefotaxime/sulbactam, cefotetan, cefotiam, cefotiam hexetil, cefovecin, cefoxitin, cefoxitin screening test, cefozopran, cefpimizole, cefpiramide, cefpirome, cefpodoxime, cefpodoxime proxetil, cefpodoxime/clavulanic acid, cefprozil, cefquinome, cefroxadine, cefsulodin, cefsumide, ceftaroline, ceftaroline/avibactam, ceftazidime, ceftazidime/avibactam, ceftazidime/clavulanic acid, cefteram, cefteram pivoxil, ceftezole, ceftibuten, ceftiofur, ceftizoxime, ceftizoxime alapivoxil, ceftobiprole, ceftobiprole medocaril, ceftolozane/tazobactam, ceftriaxone, ceftriaxone/beta-lactamase inhibitor, cefuroxime, cefuroxime axetil, cephradine, latamoxef, and loracarbef
\item \code{\link[=antimycobacterials]{antimycobacterials()}} can select: \cr 4-aminosalicylic acid, calcium aminosalicylate, capreomycin, clofazimine, delamanid, enviomycin, ethambutol, ethambutol/isoniazid, ethionamide, isoniazid, isoniazid/sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim/pyridoxine, morinamide, p-aminosalicylic acid, pretomanid, protionamide, pyrazinamide, rifabutin, rifampicin, rifampicin/ethambutol/isoniazid, rifampicin/isoniazid, rifampicin/pyrazinamide/ethambutol/isoniazid, rifampicin/pyrazinamide/isoniazid, rifamycin, rifapentine, sodium aminosalicylate, streptomycin/isoniazid, terizidone, thioacetazone, thioacetazone/isoniazid, tiocarlide, and viomycin
\item \code{\link[=betalactams]{betalactams()}} can select: \cr amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, amoxicillin/sulbactam, ampicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, apalcillin, aspoxicillin, azidocillin, azlocillin, aztreonam, aztreonam/avibactam, aztreonam/nacubactam, bacampicillin, benzathine benzylpenicillin, benzathine phenoxymethylpenicillin, benzylpenicillin, benzylpenicillin screening test, biapenem, carbenicillin, carindacillin, carumonam, cefacetrile, cefaclor, cefadroxil, cefalexin, cefaloridine, cefalotin, cefamandole, cefapirin, cefatrizine, cefazedone, cefazolin, cefcapene, cefcapene pivoxil, cefdinir, cefditoren, cefditoren pivoxil, cefepime, cefepime/amikacin, cefepime/clavulanic acid, cefepime/enmetazobactam, cefepime/nacubactam, cefepime/taniborbactam, cefepime/tazobactam, cefepime/zidebactam, cefetamet, cefetamet pivoxil, cefetecol, cefetrizole, cefiderocol, cefixime, cefmenoxime, cefmetazole, cefodizime, cefonicid, cefoperazone, cefoperazone/sulbactam, ceforanide, cefoselis, cefotaxime, cefotaxime screening test, cefotaxime/clavulanic acid, cefotaxime/sulbactam, cefotetan, cefotiam, cefotiam hexetil, cefovecin, cefoxitin, cefoxitin screening test, cefozopran, cefpimizole, cefpiramide, cefpirome, cefpodoxime, cefpodoxime proxetil, cefpodoxime/clavulanic acid, cefprozil, cefquinome, cefroxadine, cefsulodin, cefsumide, ceftaroline, ceftaroline/avibactam, ceftazidime, ceftazidime/avibactam, ceftazidime/clavulanic acid, cefteram, cefteram pivoxil, ceftezole, ceftibuten, ceftiofur, ceftizoxime, ceftizoxime alapivoxil, ceftobiprole, ceftobiprole medocaril, ceftolozane/tazobactam, ceftriaxone, ceftriaxone/beta-lactamase inhibitor, cefuroxime, cefuroxime axetil, cephradine, ciclacillin, clometocillin, cloxacillin, dicloxacillin, doripenem, epicillin, ertapenem, flucloxacillin, hetacillin, imipenem, imipenem/EDTA, imipenem/relebactam, latamoxef, lenampicillin, loracarbef, mecillinam, meropenem, meropenem/nacubactam, meropenem/vaborbactam, metampicillin, meticillin, mezlocillin, mezlocillin/sulbactam, nafcillin, oxacillin, oxacillin screening test, panipenem, penamecillin, penicillin/novobiocin, penicillin/sulbactam, pheneticillin, phenoxymethylpenicillin, piperacillin, piperacillin/sulbactam, piperacillin/tazobactam, piridicillin, pivampicillin, pivmecillinam, procaine benzylpenicillin, propicillin, razupenem, ritipenem, ritipenem acoxil, sarmoxicillin, sulbenicillin, sultamicillin, talampicillin, taniborbactam, tebipenem, temocillin, ticarcillin, ticarcillin/clavulanic acid, and tigemonam
\item \code{\link[=betalactams_with_inhibitor]{betalactams_with_inhibitor()}} can select: \cr amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, amoxicillin/sulbactam, ampicillin/sulbactam, aztreonam/avibactam, aztreonam/nacubactam, cefepime/amikacin, cefepime/clavulanic acid, cefepime/enmetazobactam, cefepime/nacubactam, cefepime/taniborbactam, cefepime/tazobactam, cefepime/zidebactam, cefoperazone/sulbactam, cefotaxime/clavulanic acid, cefotaxime/sulbactam, cefpodoxime/clavulanic acid, ceftaroline/avibactam, ceftazidime/avibactam, ceftazidime/clavulanic acid, ceftolozane/tazobactam, ceftriaxone/beta-lactamase inhibitor, imipenem/relebactam, meropenem/nacubactam, meropenem/vaborbactam, mezlocillin/sulbactam, penicillin/novobiocin, penicillin/sulbactam, piperacillin/sulbactam, piperacillin/tazobactam, and ticarcillin/clavulanic acid
\item \code{\link[=carbapenems]{carbapenems()}} can select: \cr biapenem, doripenem, ertapenem, imipenem, imipenem/EDTA, imipenem/relebactam, meropenem, meropenem/nacubactam, meropenem/vaborbactam, panipenem, razupenem, ritipenem, ritipenem acoxil, taniborbactam, and tebipenem
\item \code{\link[=cephalosporins]{cephalosporins()}} can select: \cr cefacetrile, cefaclor, cefadroxil, cefalexin, cefaloridine, cefalotin, cefamandole, cefapirin, cefatrizine, cefazedone, cefazolin, cefcapene, cefcapene pivoxil, cefdinir, cefditoren, cefditoren pivoxil, cefepime, cefepime/amikacin, cefepime/clavulanic acid, cefepime/enmetazobactam, cefepime/nacubactam, cefepime/taniborbactam, cefepime/tazobactam, cefepime/zidebactam, cefetamet, cefetamet pivoxil, cefetecol, cefetrizole, cefiderocol, cefixime, cefmenoxime, cefmetazole, cefodizime, cefonicid, cefoperazone, cefoperazone/sulbactam, ceforanide, cefoselis, cefotaxime, cefotaxime screening test, cefotaxime/clavulanic acid, cefotaxime/sulbactam, cefotetan, cefotiam, cefotiam hexetil, cefovecin, cefoxitin, cefoxitin screening test, cefozopran, cefpimizole, cefpiramide, cefpirome, cefpodoxime, cefpodoxime proxetil, cefpodoxime/clavulanic acid, cefprozil, cefquinome, cefroxadine, cefsulodin, cefsumide, ceftaroline, ceftaroline/avibactam, ceftazidime, ceftazidime/avibactam, ceftazidime/clavulanic acid, cefteram, cefteram pivoxil, ceftezole, ceftibuten, ceftiofur, ceftizoxime, ceftizoxime alapivoxil, ceftobiprole, ceftobiprole medocaril, ceftolozane/tazobactam, ceftriaxone, ceftriaxone/beta-lactamase inhibitor, cefuroxime, cefuroxime axetil, cephradine, latamoxef, and loracarbef
\item \code{\link[=cephalosporins_1st]{cephalosporins_1st()}} can select: \cr cefacetrile, cefadroxil, cefalexin, cefaloridine, cefalotin, cefapirin, cefatrizine, cefazedone, cefazolin, cefroxadine, ceftezole, and cephradine
\item \code{\link[=cephalosporins_2nd]{cephalosporins_2nd()}} can select: \cr cefaclor, cefamandole, cefmetazole, cefonicid, ceforanide, cefotetan, cefotiam, cefoxitin, cefoxitin screening test, cefprozil, cefuroxime, cefuroxime axetil, and loracarbef
\item \code{\link[=cephalosporins_3rd]{cephalosporins_3rd()}} can select: \cr cefcapene, cefcapene pivoxil, cefdinir, cefditoren, cefditoren pivoxil, cefetamet, cefetamet pivoxil, cefixime, cefmenoxime, cefodizime, cefoperazone, cefoperazone/sulbactam, cefotaxime, cefotaxime screening test, cefotaxime/clavulanic acid, cefotaxime/sulbactam, cefotiam hexetil, cefovecin, cefpimizole, cefpiramide, cefpodoxime, cefpodoxime proxetil, cefpodoxime/clavulanic acid, cefsulodin, ceftazidime, ceftazidime/avibactam, ceftazidime/clavulanic acid, cefteram, cefteram pivoxil, ceftibuten, ceftiofur, ceftizoxime, ceftizoxime alapivoxil, ceftriaxone, ceftriaxone/beta-lactamase inhibitor, and latamoxef
\item \code{\link[=cephalosporins_4th]{cephalosporins_4th()}} can select: \cr cefepime, cefepime/amikacin, cefepime/clavulanic acid, cefepime/enmetazobactam, cefepime/nacubactam, cefepime/tazobactam, cefepime/zidebactam, cefetecol, cefoselis, cefozopran, cefpirome, and cefquinome
\item \code{\link[=cephalosporins_4th]{cephalosporins_4th()}} can select: \cr cefepime, cefepime/amikacin, cefepime/clavulanic acid, cefepime/enmetazobactam, cefepime/nacubactam, cefepime/taniborbactam, cefepime/tazobactam, cefepime/zidebactam, cefetecol, cefoselis, cefozopran, cefpirome, and cefquinome
\item \code{\link[=cephalosporins_5th]{cephalosporins_5th()}} can select: \cr ceftaroline, ceftaroline/avibactam, ceftobiprole, ceftobiprole medocaril, and ceftolozane/tazobactam
\item \code{\link[=fluoroquinolones]{fluoroquinolones()}} can select: \cr besifloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ciprofloxacin/metronidazole, ciprofloxacin/ornidazole, ciprofloxacin/tinidazole, clinafloxacin, danofloxacin, delafloxacin, difloxacin, enoxacin, enrofloxacin, finafloxacin, fleroxacin, garenoxacin, gatifloxacin, gemifloxacin, grepafloxacin, lascufloxacin, levofloxacin, levofloxacin/ornidazole, levonadifloxacin, lomefloxacin, marbofloxacin, metioxate, miloxacin, moxifloxacin, nadifloxacin, nemonoxacin, nifuroquine, nitroxoline, norfloxacin, norfloxacin screening test, norfloxacin/metronidazole, norfloxacin/tinidazole, ofloxacin, ofloxacin/ornidazole, orbifloxacin, pazufloxacin, pefloxacin, pefloxacin screening test, pradofloxacin, premafloxacin, prulifloxacin, rufloxacin, sarafloxacin, sitafloxacin, sparfloxacin, temafloxacin, tilbroquinol, tioxacin, tosufloxacin, and trovafloxacin
\item \code{\link[=glycopeptides]{glycopeptides()}} can select: \cr avoparcin, bleomycin, dalbavancin, norvancomycin, oritavancin, ramoplanin, teicoplanin, teicoplanin-macromethod, telavancin, vancomycin, and vancomycin-macromethod
\item \code{\link[=isoxazolylpenicillins]{isoxazolylpenicillins()}} can select: \cr cloxacillin, dicloxacillin, flucloxacillin, meticillin, oxacillin, and oxacillin screening test
\item \code{\link[=lincosamides]{lincosamides()}} can select: \cr clindamycin, lincomycin, and pirlimycin
\item \code{\link[=lincosamides]{lincosamides()}} can select: \cr clindamycin, clindamycin inducible screening test, lincomycin, and pirlimycin
\item \code{\link[=lipoglycopeptides]{lipoglycopeptides()}} can select: \cr dalbavancin, oritavancin, and telavancin
\item \code{\link[=macrolides]{macrolides()}} can select: \cr acetylmidecamycin, acetylspiramycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, dirithromycin, erythromycin, flurithromycin, gamithromycin, josamycin, kitasamycin, meleumycin, midecamycin, miocamycin, nafithromycin, oleandomycin, rokitamycin, roxithromycin, solithromycin, spiramycin, telithromycin, tildipirosin, tilmicosin, troleandomycin, tulathromycin, tylosin, and tylvalosin
\item \code{\link[=macrolides]{macrolides()}} can select: \cr acetylmidecamycin, acetylspiramycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, clindamycin inducible screening test, dirithromycin, erythromycin, flurithromycin, gamithromycin, josamycin, kitasamycin, meleumycin, midecamycin, miocamycin, nafithromycin, oleandomycin, pirlimycin, primycin, rokitamycin, roxithromycin, solithromycin, spiramycin, telithromycin, tildipirosin, tilmicosin, troleandomycin, tulathromycin, tylosin, and tylvalosin
\item \code{\link[=monobactams]{monobactams()}} can select: \cr aztreonam, aztreonam/avibactam, aztreonam/nacubactam, carumonam, and tigemonam
\item \code{\link[=nitrofurans]{nitrofurans()}} can select: \cr furazidin, furazolidone, nifurtoinol, nitrofurantoin, and nitrofurazone
\item \code{\link[=oxazolidinones]{oxazolidinones()}} can select: \cr cadazolid, cycloserine, linezolid, tedizolid, and thiacetazone
\item \code{\link[=penicillins]{penicillins()}} can select: \cr amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, amoxicillin/sulbactam, ampicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, apalcillin, aspoxicillin, azidocillin, azlocillin, bacampicillin, benzathine benzylpenicillin, benzathine phenoxymethylpenicillin, benzylpenicillin, benzylpenicillin screening test, carbenicillin, carindacillin, ciclacillin, clometocillin, cloxacillin, dicloxacillin, epicillin, flucloxacillin, hetacillin, lenampicillin, mecillinam, metampicillin, meticillin, mezlocillin, mezlocillin/sulbactam, nafcillin, oxacillin, oxacillin screening test, penamecillin, penicillin/novobiocin, penicillin/sulbactam, pheneticillin, phenoxymethylpenicillin, piperacillin, piperacillin/sulbactam, piperacillin/tazobactam, piridicillin, pivampicillin, pivmecillinam, procaine benzylpenicillin, propicillin, sarmoxicillin, sulbenicillin, sultamicillin, talampicillin, temocillin, ticarcillin, and ticarcillin/clavulanic acid
\item \code{\link[=phenicols]{phenicols()}} can select: \cr chloramphenicol, florfenicol, and thiamphenicol
\item \code{\link[=phosphonics]{phosphonics()}} can select: \cr amikacin/fosfomycin and fosfomycin
\item \code{\link[=polymyxins]{polymyxins()}} can select: \cr colistin, polymyxin B, and polymyxin B/polysorbate 80
\item \code{\link[=quinolones]{quinolones()}} can select: \cr besifloxacin, cinoxacin, ciprofloxacin, ciprofloxacin/metronidazole, ciprofloxacin/ornidazole, ciprofloxacin/tinidazole, clinafloxacin, danofloxacin, delafloxacin, difloxacin, enoxacin, enrofloxacin, finafloxacin, fleroxacin, flumequine, garenoxacin, gatifloxacin, gemifloxacin, grepafloxacin, lascufloxacin, levofloxacin, levofloxacin/ornidazole, levonadifloxacin, lomefloxacin, marbofloxacin, metioxate, miloxacin, moxifloxacin, nadifloxacin, nalidixic acid, nalidixic acid screening test, nemonoxacin, nifuroquine, nitroxoline, norfloxacin, norfloxacin screening test, norfloxacin/metronidazole, norfloxacin/tinidazole, ofloxacin, ofloxacin/ornidazole, orbifloxacin, oxolinic acid, pazufloxacin, pefloxacin, pefloxacin screening test, pipemidic acid, piromidic acid, pradofloxacin, premafloxacin, prulifloxacin, rosoxacin, rufloxacin, sarafloxacin, sitafloxacin, sparfloxacin, temafloxacin, tilbroquinol, tioxacin, tosufloxacin, and trovafloxacin
\item \code{\link[=quinolones]{quinolones()}} can select: \cr besifloxacin, cinoxacin, ciprofloxacin, ciprofloxacin/metronidazole, ciprofloxacin/ornidazole, ciprofloxacin/tinidazole, clinafloxacin, danofloxacin, delafloxacin, difloxacin, enoxacin, enrofloxacin, finafloxacin, fleroxacin, flumequine, garenoxacin, gatifloxacin, gemifloxacin, grepafloxacin, lascufloxacin, levofloxacin, levofloxacin/ornidazole, levonadifloxacin, lomefloxacin, marbofloxacin, metioxate, miloxacin, moxifloxacin, nadifloxacin, nalidixic acid, nalidixic acid screening test, nemonoxacin, nifuroquine, nitroxoline, norfloxacin, norfloxacin screening test, norfloxacin/metronidazole, norfloxacin/tinidazole, ofloxacin, ofloxacin/ornidazole, orbifloxacin, oxolinic acid, ozenoxacin, pazufloxacin, pefloxacin, pefloxacin screening test, pipemidic acid, piromidic acid, pradofloxacin, premafloxacin, prulifloxacin, rosoxacin, rufloxacin, sarafloxacin, sitafloxacin, sparfloxacin, temafloxacin, tilbroquinol, tioxacin, tosufloxacin, and trovafloxacin
\item \code{\link[=rifamycins]{rifamycins()}} can select: \cr rifabutin, rifampicin, rifampicin/ethambutol/isoniazid, rifampicin/isoniazid, rifampicin/pyrazinamide/ethambutol/isoniazid, rifampicin/pyrazinamide/isoniazid, rifamycin, and rifapentine
\item \code{\link[=spiropyrimidinetriones]{spiropyrimidinetriones()}} can select: \cr zoliflodacin
\item \code{\link[=streptogramins]{streptogramins()}} can select: \cr pristinamycin and quinupristin/dalfopristin
\item \code{\link[=sulfonamides]{sulfonamides()}} can select: \cr brodimoprim, sulfadiazine, sulfadiazine/tetroxoprim, sulfadimethoxine, sulfadimidine, sulfafurazole, sulfaisodimidine, sulfalene, sulfamazone, sulfamerazine, sulfamethizole, sulfamethoxazole, sulfamethoxypyridazine, sulfametomidine, sulfametoxydiazine, sulfamoxole, sulfanilamide, sulfaperin, sulfaphenazole, sulfapyridine, sulfathiazole, and sulfathiourea
\item \code{\link[=tetracyclines]{tetracyclines()}} can select: \cr cetocycline, chlortetracycline, clomocycline, demeclocycline, doxycycline, eravacycline, lymecycline, metacycline, minocycline, omadacycline, oxytetracycline, penimepicycline, rolitetracycline, sarecycline, tetracycline, tetracycline screening test, and tigecycline

View File

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ A \link[tibble:tibble]{tibble} with 500 observations and 19 variables:
\itemize{
\item \code{esbl}\cr Logical indicator if the isolate is ESBL-producing
\item \code{genus}\cr Genus of the microorganism
\item \code{AMC:COL}\cr MIC values for 17 antimicrobial agents, transformed to class \code{\link{mic}} (see \code{\link[=as.mic]{as.mic()}})
\item \code{AMC:COL}\cr MIC values for 17 antimicrobial drugs, transformed to class \code{\link{mic}} (see \code{\link[=as.mic]{as.mic()}})
}
}
\usage{

View File

@@ -108,26 +108,30 @@ All mentioned methods are covered in the \code{\link[=first_isolate]{first_isola
- Any difference in key antimicrobial results \tab - \code{first_isolate(x, type = "keyantimicrobials")} \cr
}
}
\subsection{Isolate-based}{
\strong{Isolate-based}
\emph{Minimum variables required: Microorganism identifier}
This method does not require any selection, as all isolates should be included. It does, however, respect all arguments set in the \code{\link[=first_isolate]{first_isolate()}} function. For example, the default setting for \code{include_unknown} (\code{FALSE}) will omit selection of rows without a microbial ID.
}
\subsection{Patient-based}{
\strong{Patient-based}
To include every genus-species combination per patient once, set the \code{episode_days} to \code{Inf}. This method makes sure that no duplicate isolates are selected from the same patient. This method is preferred to e.g. identify the first MRSA finding of each patient to determine the incidence. Conversely, in a large longitudinal data set, this could mean that isolates are \emph{excluded} that were found years after the initial isolate.
}
\emph{Minimum variables required: Microorganism identifier, Patient identifier}
\subsection{Episode-based}{
This method includes every genus-species combination per patient once. This method makes sure that no duplicate isolates are selected from the same patient. This method is preferred to e.g. identify the first MRSA finding of each patient to determine the incidence. Conversely, in a large longitudinal data set, this could mean that isolates are \emph{excluded} that were found years after the initial isolate.
To include every genus-species combination per patient episode once, set the \code{episode_days} to a sensible number of days. Depending on the type of analysis, this could be 14, 30, 60 or 365. Short episodes are common for analysing specific hospital or ward data or ICU cases, long episodes are common for analysing regional and national data.
\strong{Episode-based}
\emph{Minimum variables required: Microorganism identifier, Patient identifier, Date}
To include every genus-species combination per patient episode once, set the \code{episode_days} to a sensible number of days. Depending on the type of analysis, this could be e.g., 14, 30, 60 or 365. Short episodes are common for analysing specific hospital or ward data or ICU cases, long episodes are common for analysing regional and national data.
This is the most common method to correct for duplicate isolates. Patients are categorised into episodes based on their ID and dates (e.g., the date of specimen receipt or laboratory result). While this is a common method, it does not take into account antimicrobial test results. This means that e.g. a methicillin-resistant \emph{Staphylococcus aureus} (MRSA) isolate cannot be differentiated from a wildtype \emph{Staphylococcus aureus} isolate.
}
\subsection{Phenotype-based}{
\strong{Phenotype-based}
\emph{Minimum variables required: Microorganism identifier, Patient identifier, Date, Antimicrobial test results}
This is a more reliable method, since it also \emph{weighs} the antibiogram (antimicrobial test results) yielding so-called 'first weighted isolates'. There are two different methods to weigh the antibiogram:
\enumerate{

View File

@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ eucast_exceptional_phenotypes(x = NULL, only_sir_columns = any(is.sir(x)),
\item{combine_SI}{A \link{logical} to indicate whether all values of S and I must be merged into one, so resistance is only considered when isolates are R, not I. As this is the default behaviour of the \code{\link[=mdro]{mdro()}} function, it follows the redefinition by EUCAST about the interpretation of I (increased exposure) in 2019, see section 'Interpretation of S, I and R' below. When using \code{combine_SI = FALSE}, resistance is considered when isolates are R or I.}
\item{verbose}{A \link{logical} to turn Verbose mode on and off (default is off). In Verbose mode, the function does not return the MDRO results, but instead returns a data set in logbook form with extensive info about which isolates would be MDRO-positive, or why they are not.}
\item{verbose}{A \link{logical} to turn Verbose mode on and off (default is off). In Verbose mode, the function returns a data set with the MDRO results in logbook form with extensive info about which isolates would be MDRO-positive, or why they are not.}
\item{only_sir_columns}{A \link{logical} to indicate whether only antimicrobial columns must be included that were transformed to class \link[=as.sir]{sir} on beforehand. Defaults to \code{FALSE} if no columns of \code{x} have a class \link[=as.sir]{sir}.}

View File

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ A \link[tibble:tibble]{tibble} with 78 679 observations and 26 variables:
\item \code{lpsn}\cr Identifier ('Record number') of List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). This will be the first/highest LPSN identifier to keep one identifier per row. For example, \emph{Acetobacter ascendens} has LPSN Record number 7864 and 11011. Only the first is available in the \code{microorganisms} data set. \emph{\strong{This is a unique identifier}}, though available for only ~33 000 records.
\item \code{lpsn_parent}\cr LPSN identifier of the parent taxon
\item \code{lpsn_renamed_to}\cr LPSN identifier of the currently valid taxon
\item \code{mycobank}\cr Identifier ('MycoBank #') of MycoBank. \emph{\strong{This is a unique identifier}}, though available for only ~18 000 records.
\item \code{mycobank}\cr Identifier ('MycoBank #') of MycoBank. \emph{\strong{This is a unique identifier}}, though available for only ~19 000 records.
\item \code{mycobank_parent}\cr MycoBank identifier of the parent taxon
\item \code{mycobank_renamed_to}\cr MycoBank identifier of the currently valid taxon
\item \code{gbif}\cr Identifier ('taxonID') of Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). \emph{\strong{This is a unique identifier}}, though available for only ~49 000 records.
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ Included taxonomic data from \href{https://lpsn.dsmz.de}{LPSN}, \href{https://ww
\item ~28 000 species from the kingdom of Fungi. The kingdom of Fungi is a very large taxon with almost 300,000 different (sub)species, of which most are not microbial (but rather macroscopic, like mushrooms). Because of this, not all fungi fit the scope of this package. Only relevant fungi are covered (such as all species of \emph{Aspergillus}, \emph{Candida}, \emph{Cryptococcus}, \emph{Histoplasma}, \emph{Pneumocystis}, \emph{Saccharomyces} and \emph{Trichophyton}).
\item ~8 100 (sub)species from the kingdom of Protozoa
\item ~1 600 (sub)species from 39 other relevant genera from the kingdom of Animalia (such as \emph{Strongyloides} and \emph{Taenia})
\item All ~22 000 previously accepted names of all included (sub)species (these were taxonomically renamed)
\item All ~26 000 previously accepted names of all included (sub)species (these were taxonomically renamed)
\item The complete taxonomic tree of all included (sub)species: from kingdom to subspecies
\item The identifier of the parent taxons
\item The year and first author of the related scientific publication

View File

@@ -172,12 +172,20 @@ Especially the \verb{scale_*_mic()} functions are relevant wrappers to plot MIC
\details{
\subsection{The \verb{scale_*_mic()} Functions}{
The functions \code{\link[=scale_x_mic]{scale_x_mic()}}, \code{\link[=scale_y_mic]{scale_y_mic()}}, \code{\link[=scale_colour_mic]{scale_colour_mic()}}, and \code{\link[=scale_fill_mic]{scale_fill_mic()}} functions allow to plot the \link[=as.mic]{mic} class (MIC values) on a continuous, logarithmic scale. They also allow to rescale the MIC range with an 'inside' or 'outside' range if required, and retain the operators in MIC values (such as \code{>=}) if desired. Missing intermediate log2 levels will be plotted too.
The functions \code{\link[=scale_x_mic]{scale_x_mic()}}, \code{\link[=scale_y_mic]{scale_y_mic()}}, \code{\link[=scale_colour_mic]{scale_colour_mic()}}, and \code{\link[=scale_fill_mic]{scale_fill_mic()}} functions allow to plot the \link[=as.mic]{mic} class (MIC values) on a continuous, logarithmic scale.
There is normally no need to add these scale functions to your plot, as they are applied automatically when plotting values of class \link[=as.mic]{mic}.
When manually added though, they allow to rescale the MIC range with an 'inside' or 'outside' range if required, and provide the option to retain the operators in MIC values (such as \code{>=}). Missing intermediate log2 levels will always be plotted too.
}
\subsection{The \verb{scale_*_sir()} Functions}{
The functions \code{\link[=scale_x_sir]{scale_x_sir()}}, \code{\link[=scale_colour_sir]{scale_colour_sir()}}, and \code{\link[=scale_fill_sir]{scale_fill_sir()}} functions allow to plot the \link[=as.sir]{sir} class in the right order (S < SDD < I < R < NI). At default, they translate the S/I/R values to an interpretative text ("Susceptible", "Resistant", etc.) in any of the 28 supported languages (use \code{language = NULL} to keep S/I/R). Also, except for \code{\link[=scale_x_sir]{scale_x_sir()}}, they set colour-blind friendly colours to the \code{colour} and \code{fill} aesthetics.
The functions \code{\link[=scale_x_sir]{scale_x_sir()}}, \code{\link[=scale_colour_sir]{scale_colour_sir()}}, and \code{\link[=scale_fill_sir]{scale_fill_sir()}} functions allow to plot the \link[=as.sir]{sir} class in the right order (S < SDD < I < R < NI).
There is normally no need to add these scale functions to your plot, as they are applied automatically when plotting values of class \link[=as.sir]{sir}.
At default, they translate the S/I/R values to an interpretative text ("Susceptible", "Resistant", etc.) in any of the 28 supported languages (use \code{language = NULL} to keep S/I/R). Also, except for \code{\link[=scale_x_sir]{scale_x_sir()}}, they set colour-blind friendly colours to the \code{colour} and \code{fill} aesthetics.
}
\subsection{Additional \code{ggplot2} Functions}{
@@ -235,17 +243,12 @@ if (require("ggplot2")) {
) +
geom_col()
mic_plot +
labs(title = "without scale_x_mic()")
labs(title = "scale_x_mic() automatically applied")
}
if (require("ggplot2")) {
mic_plot +
scale_x_mic() +
labs(title = "with scale_x_mic()")
}
if (require("ggplot2")) {
mic_plot +
scale_x_mic(keep_operators = "all") +
labs(title = "with scale_x_mic() keeping all operators")
scale_x_mic(keep_operators = "none") +
labs(title = "with scale_x_mic() keeping no operators")
}
if (require("ggplot2")) {
mic_plot +
@@ -272,7 +275,7 @@ if (require("ggplot2")) {
) +
geom_boxplot() +
geom_violin(linetype = 2, colour = "grey30", fill = NA) +
scale_y_mic()
labs(title = "scale_y_mic() automatically applied")
}
if (require("ggplot2")) {
ggplot(
@@ -304,7 +307,7 @@ if (require("ggplot2")) {
# Plotting using scale_y_mic() and scale_colour_sir() ------------------
if (require("ggplot2")) {
plain <- ggplot(
mic_sir_plot <- ggplot(
data.frame(
mic = some_mic_values,
group = some_groups,
@@ -318,21 +321,16 @@ if (require("ggplot2")) {
theme_minimal() +
geom_boxplot(fill = NA, colour = "grey30") +
geom_jitter(width = 0.25)
labs(title = "scale_y_mic()/scale_colour_sir() automatically applied")
plain
mic_sir_plot
}
if (require("ggplot2")) {
# and now with our MIC and SIR scale functions:
plain +
scale_y_mic() +
scale_colour_sir()
}
if (require("ggplot2")) {
plain +
mic_sir_plot +
scale_y_mic(mic_range = c(0.005, 32), name = "Our MICs!") +
scale_colour_sir(
language = "pt",
name = "Support in 27 languages"
language = "pt", # Portuguese
name = "Support in 28 languages"
)
}
}

3907
pkgdown/assets/logo_umcg.svg Normal file → Executable file

File diff suppressed because it is too large Load Diff

Before

Width:  |  Height:  |  Size: 343 KiB

After

Width:  |  Height:  |  Size: 3.6 KiB

View File

@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ $(function () {
x = x.replace("Kathryn", "Prof. Kathryn");
x = x.replace("Larisse", "Dr. Larisse");
x = x.replace("Matthijs", "Dr. Matthijs");
x = x.replace("Natacha", "Dr. Natacha");
x = x.replace("Natacha", "Prof. Natacha");
x = x.replace("Peter", "Dr. Peter");
x = x.replace("Rogier", "Dr. Rogier");
x = x.replace("Sofia", "Dr. Sofia");

View File

@@ -70,14 +70,14 @@ test_that("test-misc.R", {
}
df <- example_isolates[, check_df("x")]
expect_true(is_right, info = "the environmental data cannot be found for base/x (1)")
expect_true(is_right, info = "the environmental data cannot be found for base `x`")
if (getRversion() < "4.0.0") {
# should work on R >=3.6.3 or so
df <- example_isolates[c(1:3), check_df("x")]
if (!is_right) {
# otherwise, this is needed for older versions
df <- example_isolates[c(1:3), check_df("xx")]
expect_true(is_right, info = "the environmental data cannot be found for base/xx")
} else {
df <- example_isolates[c(1:3), check_df("x")]
expect_true(is_right, info = "the environmental data cannot be found for base/x (2)")
expect_true(is_right, info = "the environmental data cannot be found for base `x` or `xx`")
}
if (AMR:::pkg_is_available("dplyr", min_version = "1.0.0", also_load = TRUE)) {

View File

@@ -96,6 +96,14 @@ test_that("test-ab.R", {
rep("GEH", 8)
)
# skimr
if (AMR:::pkg_is_available("skimr", min_version = "2.0.0", also_load = TRUE)) {
expect_named(
skim(clinical_breakpoints$ab),
c("skim_type", "skim_variable", "n_missing", "complete_rate", "ab.n_unique", "ab.top_ab", "ab.top_ab_name", "ab.top_group")
)
}
# assigning and subsetting
x <- AMR::antimicrobials$ab
expect_inherits(x[1], "ab")

View File

@@ -52,9 +52,11 @@ test_that("test-amr selectors.R", {
expect_equal(ncol(example_isolates[, oxazolidinones(), drop = FALSE]), 1, tolerance = 0.5)
expect_equal(ncol(example_isolates[, penicillins(), drop = FALSE]), 7, tolerance = 0.5)
expect_equal(ncol(example_isolates[, phenicols(), drop = FALSE]), 1, tolerance = 0.5)
expect_equal(ncol(example_isolates[, phosphonics(), drop = FALSE]), 1, tolerance = 0.5)
expect_equal(ncol(example_isolates[, polymyxins(), drop = FALSE]), 1, tolerance = 0.5)
expect_equal(ncol(example_isolates[, quinolones(), drop = FALSE]), 2, tolerance = 0.5)
expect_equal(ncol(example_isolates[, rifamycins(), drop = FALSE]), 1, tolerance = 0.5)
expect_equal(ncol(example_isolates[, spiropyrimidinetriones(), drop = FALSE]), 0, tolerance = 0.5)
expect_equal(ncol(example_isolates[, streptogramins(), drop = FALSE]), 0, tolerance = 0.5)
expect_equal(ncol(example_isolates[, tetracyclines(), drop = FALSE]), 3, tolerance = 0.5)
expect_equal(ncol(example_isolates[, trimethoprims(), drop = FALSE]), 2, tolerance = 0.5)

View File

@@ -32,6 +32,9 @@ test_that("test-antibiogram.R", {
# Traditional antibiogram ----------------------------------------------
ab0 <- antibiogram(example_isolates)
ab1 <- antibiogram(example_isolates,
antimicrobials = c(aminoglycosides(), carbapenems())
)

View File

@@ -60,4 +60,12 @@ test_that("test-disk.R", {
if (AMR:::pkg_is_available("tibble")) {
expect_output(print(tibble::tibble(d = as.disk(12))))
}
# skimr
if (AMR:::pkg_is_available("skimr", min_version = "2.0.0", also_load = TRUE)) {
expect_named(
skim(random_disk(100)),
c("skim_type", "skim_variable", "n_missing", "complete_rate", "disk.p0", "disk.p25", "disk.p50", "disk.p75", "disk.p100", "disk.hist")
)
}
})

View File

@@ -81,6 +81,14 @@ test_that("test-mic.R", {
expect_output(print(tibble::tibble(m = as.mic(2:4))))
}
# skimr
if (AMR:::pkg_is_available("skimr", min_version = "2.0.0", also_load = TRUE)) {
expect_named(
skim(random_mic(100)),
c("skim_type", "skim_variable", "n_missing", "complete_rate", "mic.p0", "mic.p25", "mic.p50", "mic.p75", "mic.p100", "mic.hist")
)
}
# all mathematical operations
x <- random_mic(50)
x_double <- as.double(gsub("[<=>]+", "", as.character(x)))

View File

@@ -321,4 +321,12 @@ test_that("test-mo.R", {
if (AMR:::pkg_is_available("cleaner")) {
expect_inherits(cleaner::freq(example_isolates$mo), "freq")
}
# skimr
if (AMR:::pkg_is_available("skimr", min_version = "2.0.0", also_load = TRUE)) {
expect_named(
skim(example_isolates$mo),
c("skim_type", "skim_variable", "n_missing", "complete_rate", "mo.n_unique", "mo.gram_negative", "mo.gram_positive", "mo.yeast", "mo.top_genus", "mo.top_species")
)
}
})

View File

@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ test_that("test-mo_property.R", {
expect_equal(
as.character(table(mo_pathogenicity(example_isolates$mo))),
c("1911", "72", "1", "16")
c("1911", "66", "1", "22")
)
expect_equal(mo_ref("Escherichia coli"), "Castellani et al., 1919")

View File

@@ -103,22 +103,13 @@ test_that("test-sir.R", {
pull(MEM) %>%
is.sir())
}
# skimr
if (AMR:::pkg_is_available("skimr", min_version = "2.0.0", also_load = TRUE)) {
expect_inherits(
skim(example_isolates),
"data.frame"
expect_named(
skim(example_isolates$PEN),
c("skim_type", "skim_variable", "n_missing", "complete_rate", "sir.count_S", "sir.count_I", "sir.count_R", "sir.prop_S", "sir.prop_I", "sir.prop_R", "sir.hist")
)
if (AMR:::pkg_is_available("dplyr", min_version = "1.0.0", also_load = TRUE)) {
expect_inherits(
example_isolates %>%
mutate(
m = as.mic(2),
d = as.disk(20)
) %>%
skim(),
"data.frame"
)
}
}
expect_equal(as.sir(c("", "-", NA, "NULL")), c(NA_sir_, NA_sir_, NA_sir_, NA_sir_))
@@ -400,6 +391,17 @@ test_that("test-sir.R", {
expect_warning(as.sir(as.mic(2), "E. coli", "ampicillin", guideline = "EUCAST 2020", ecoff = TRUE))
# Capped MIC handling ---------------------------------------------------
out1 <- as.sir(as.mic(c("0.125", "<0.125", ">0.125")), mo = "E. coli", ab = "Cipro", guideline = "EUCAST 2025", breakpoint_type = "ECOFF", capped_mic_handling = "none")
out2 <- as.sir(as.mic(c("0.125", "<0.125", ">0.125")), mo = "E. coli", ab = "Cipro", guideline = "EUCAST 2025", breakpoint_type = "ECOFF", capped_mic_handling = "conservative")
out3 <- as.sir(as.mic(c("0.125", "<0.125", ">0.125")), mo = "E. coli", ab = "Cipro", guideline = "EUCAST 2025", breakpoint_type = "ECOFF", capped_mic_handling = "standard")
out4 <- as.sir(as.mic(c("0.125", "<0.125", ">0.125")), mo = "E. coli", ab = "Cipro", guideline = "EUCAST 2025", breakpoint_type = "ECOFF", capped_mic_handling = "lenient")
expect_equal(out1, as.sir(c("R", "R", "R")))
expect_equal(out2, as.sir(c("R", "NI", "R")))
expect_equal(out3, as.sir(c("R", "S", "R")))
expect_equal(out4, as.sir(c("R", "S", "R")))
# Parallel computing ----------------------------------------------------
# MB 29 Apr 2025: I have run the code of AVC, PEI, Canada (dataset of 2854x65), and compared it like this:

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
# ==================================================================== #
# TITLE: #
# AMR: An R Package for Working with Antimicrobial Resistance Data #
# #
# SOURCE CODE: #
# https://github.com/msberends/AMR #
# #
# PLEASE CITE THIS SOFTWARE AS: #
# Berends MS, Luz CF, Friedrich AW, et al. (2022). #
# AMR: An R Package for Working with Antimicrobial Resistance Data. #
# Journal of Statistical Software, 104(3), 1-31. #
# https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v104.i03 #
# #
# Developed at the University of Groningen and the University Medical #
# Center Groningen in The Netherlands, in collaboration with many #
# colleagues from around the world, see our website. #
# #
# This R package is free software; you can freely use and distribute #
# it for both personal and commercial purposes under the terms of the #
# GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GNU GPL-2), as published by #
# the Free Software Foundation. #
# We created this package for both routine data analysis and academic #
# research and it was publicly released in the hope that it will be #
# useful, but it comes WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OR LIABILITY. #
# #
# Visit our website for the full manual and a complete tutorial about #
# how to conduct AMR data analysis: https://amr-for-r.org #
# ==================================================================== #
test_that("tidymodels.R", {
skip_on_cran()
if (AMR:::pkg_is_available("recipes", also_load = TRUE) && AMR:::pkg_is_available("dplyr", also_load = TRUE)) {
# SIR
df <- tibble(
sir1 = as.sir(c("S", "I", "R", "S", "R")),
sir2 = as.sir(c("I", "R", "S", "R", "I")),
not_sir = c("S", "R", "R", "S", "I")
)
rec <- recipe(~., data = df) %>% step_sir_numeric(all_sir())
prepped <- prep(rec)
baked <- bake(prepped, new_data = df)
expect_inherits(baked$sir1, "numeric")
expect_inherits(baked$sir2, "numeric")
expect_equal(baked$not_sir, as.factor(df$not_sir))
# MIC
df <- tibble(
mic_col1 = as.mic(c("<=0.002", "0.002", "0.004", "0.016", "32")),
mic_col2 = as.mic(c("0.5", "1", "2", "4", "8")),
non_mic = c(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
)
rec <- recipe(~., data = df) %>% step_mic_log2(all_mic())
prepped <- prep(rec)
baked <- bake(prepped, new_data = df)
expect_inherits(baked$mic_col1, "numeric")
expect_inherits(baked$mic_col2, "numeric")
expect_equal(baked$non_mic, df$non_mic)
expect_equal(baked$mic_col2, log2(as.numeric(df$mic_col2)))
# disk
df <- tibble(
disk_col = as.disk(c(21, 22, 23, 24, 25)),
non_disk = c(21, 22, 23, 24, 25)
)
rec <- recipe(~., data = df) %>% step_rm(!all_disk())
prepped <- prep(rec)
baked <- bake(prepped, new_data = df)
expect_inherits(baked$disk_col, "disk")
# steps check
df <- tibble(x = as.mic(c("1", "2", "4")))
rec <- recipe(~x, data = df) %>% step_mic_log2(all_mic())
prepped <- prep(rec)
tidy_df <- tidy(prepped, number = 1)
expect_equal(unname(tidy_df$terms), "x")
df <- tibble(x = as.sir(c("S", "I", "R")))
rec <- recipe(~x, data = df) %>% step_sir_numeric(all_sir())
prepped <- prep(rec)
tidy_df <- tidy(prepped, number = 1)
expect_equal(unname(tidy_df$terms), "x")
}
})

View File

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ Conducting AMR data analysis unfortunately requires in-depth knowledge from diff
Of course, we cannot instantly provide you with knowledge and experience. But with this `AMR` package, we aimed at providing (1) tools to simplify antimicrobial resistance data cleaning, transformation and analysis, (2) methods to easily incorporate international guidelines and (3) scientifically reliable reference data, including the requirements mentioned above.
The `AMR` package enables standardised and reproducible AMR data analysis, with the application of evidence-based rules, determination of first isolates, translation of various codes for microorganisms and antimicrobial agents, determination of (multi-drug) resistant microorganisms, and calculation of antimicrobial resistance, prevalence and future trends.
The `AMR` package enables standardised and reproducible AMR data analysis, with the application of evidence-based rules, determination of first isolates, translation of various codes for microorganisms and antimicrobial drugs, determination of (multi-drug) resistant microorganisms, and calculation of antimicrobial resistance, prevalence and future trends.
# Preparation

View File

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
---
title: "AMR with tidymodels"
output:
output:
rmarkdown::html_vignette:
toc: true
toc_depth: 3
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ vignette: >
%\VignetteIndexEntry{AMR with tidymodels}
%\VignetteEncoding{UTF-8}
%\VignetteEngine{knitr::rmarkdown}
editor_options:
editor_options:
chunk_output_type: console
---
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ knitr::opts_chunk$set(
)
```
> This page was entirely written by our [AMR for R Assistant](https://chat.amr-for-r.org), a ChatGPT manually-trained model able to answer any question about the `AMR` package.
> This page was almost entirely written by our [AMR for R Assistant](https://chat.amr-for-r.org), a ChatGPT manually-trained model able to answer any question about the `AMR` package.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health crisis, and understanding resistance patterns is crucial for managing effective treatments. The `AMR` R package provides robust tools for analysing AMR data, including convenient antimicrobial selector functions like `aminoglycosides()` and `betalactams()`.
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ predictions %>%
### **Conclusion**
In this post, we demonstrated how to build a machine learning pipeline with the `tidymodels` framework and the `AMR` package. By combining selector functions like `aminoglycosides()` and `betalactams()` with `tidymodels`, we efficiently prepared data, trained a model, and evaluated its performance.
In this example, we demonstrated how to build a machine learning pipeline with the `tidymodels` framework and the `AMR` package. By combining selector functions like `aminoglycosides()` and `betalactams()` with `tidymodels`, we efficiently prepared data, trained a model, and evaluated its performance.
This workflow is extensible to other antimicrobial classes and resistance patterns, empowering users to analyse AMR data systematically and reproducibly.
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ This workflow is extensible to other antimicrobial classes and resistance patter
In this second example, we demonstrate how to use `<mic>` columns directly in `tidymodels` workflows using AMR-specific recipe steps. This includes a transformation to `log2` scale using `step_mic_log2()`, which prepares MIC values for use in classification models.
This approach and idea formed the basis for the publication [DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1582703](https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1582703) to model the presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL).
This approach and idea formed the basis for the publication [DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1582703](https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1582703) to model the presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) based on MIC values.
### **Objective**
@@ -267,10 +267,9 @@ testing_data <- testing(split)
# Define the recipe
mic_recipe <- recipe(esbl ~ ., data = training_data) %>%
remove_role(genus, old_role = "predictor") %>% # Remove non-informative variable
step_mic_log2(all_mic_predictors()) #%>% # Log2 transform all MIC predictors
# prep()
step_mic_log2(all_mic_predictors()) # Log2 transform all MIC predictors
mic_recipe
prep(mic_recipe)
```
**Explanation:**
@@ -315,10 +314,11 @@ fitted <- fit(workflow_model, training_data)
# Generate predictions
predictions <- predict(fitted, testing_data) %>%
bind_cols(predict(fitted, testing_data, type = "prob")) %>% # add probabilities
bind_cols(testing_data)
# Evaluate model performance
our_metrics <- metric_set(accuracy, kap, ppv, npv)
our_metrics <- metric_set(accuracy, recall, precision, sensitivity, specificity, ppv, npv)
metrics <- our_metrics(predictions, truth = esbl, estimate = .pred_class)
metrics
@@ -328,9 +328,9 @@ metrics
- `fit()`: Trains the model on the processed training data.
- `predict()`: Produces predictions for unseen test data.
- `metric_set()`: Allows evaluating multiple classification metrics.
- `metric_set()`: Allows evaluating multiple classification metrics. This will make `our_metrics` to become a function that we can use to check the predictions with.
It appears we can predict ESBL gene presence with a positive predictive value (PPV) of `r round(metrics$.estimate[3], 3) * 100`% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of `r round(metrics$.estimate[4], 3) * 100` using a simplistic logistic regression model.
It appears we can predict ESBL gene presence with a positive predictive value (PPV) of `r round(metrics[metrics$.metric == "ppv", ]$.estimate, 3) * 100`% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of `r round(metrics[metrics$.metric == "npv", ]$.estimate, 3) * 100`% using a simplistic logistic regression model.
### **Visualising Predictions**
@@ -347,9 +347,28 @@ ggplot(predictions, aes(x = esbl, fill = .pred_class)) +
theme_minimal()
```
And plot the certainties too - how certain were the actual predictions?
```{r}
predictions %>%
mutate(certainty = ifelse(.pred_class == "FALSE",
.pred_FALSE,
.pred_TRUE),
correct = ifelse(esbl == .pred_class, "Right", "Wrong")) %>%
ggplot(aes(x = seq_len(nrow(predictions)),
y = certainty,
colour = correct)) +
scale_colour_manual(values = c(Right = "green3", Wrong = "red2"),
name = "Correct?") +
geom_point() +
scale_y_continuous(labels = function(x) paste0(x * 100, "%"),
limits = c(0.5, 1)) +
theme_minimal()
```
### **Conclusion**
In this example, we showcased how the new `AMR`-specific recipe steps simplify working with `<mic>` columns in `tidymodels`. The `step_mic_log2()` transformation converts ordered MICs to log2-transformed numerics, improving compatibility with classification models.
In this example, we showcased how the new `AMR`-specific recipe steps simplify working with `<mic>` columns in `tidymodels`. The `step_mic_log2()` transformation converts MICs (with or without operators) to log2-transformed numerics, improving compatibility with classification models.
This pipeline enables realistic, reproducible, and interpretable modelling of antimicrobial resistance data.
@@ -468,7 +487,7 @@ fitted_workflow_time <- resistance_workflow_time %>%
# Make predictions
predictions_time <- fitted_workflow_time %>%
predict(test_time) %>%
bind_cols(test_time)
bind_cols(test_time)
# Evaluate model
metrics_time <- predictions_time %>%