Restrict dev-versions and old-tinytest CI to main branch only

Both workflows were triggering on every push to every branch. Narrowed push trigger to [main] so they only run after merging, not on every feature/PR branch push. https://claude.ai/code/session_01XHWLohiSTdZvCutwD7ag2b
Slim CI matrix for PRs to ubuntu-latest / r-release only
2026-09-16 18:29:38 +02:00 · 2026-03-18 23:09:02 +00:00 · 2026-03-18 23:06:36 +00:00 · 2026-03-18 22:56:44 +00:00 · 2026-03-18 22:47:38 +00:00 · 2026-03-18 22:41:43 +00:00
158 changed files with 13026 additions and 13515 deletions
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 ^_pkgdown\.yml$
 ^appveyor\.yml$
 ^codecov\.yml$
+^CLAUDE\.md$
 ^cran-comments\.md$
 ^CRAN-RELEASE$
 ^\.github$
@@ -40,3 +41,4 @@
 ^CRAN-SUBMISSION$
 ^PythonPackage$
 ^README\.Rmd$
+\.no_include$
@@ -22,9 +22,9 @@ body:
      label: Minimal Reproducible Example (optional)
      description: Please include a short R code snippet that reproduces the problem, if possible.
      placeholder: 
-        e.g.
-        ```r
-        ab_name("amoxicillin/clavulanic acid", language = "es")
+        e.g.  
+        ```r  
+        ab_name("amoxicillin/clavulanic acid", language = "es")  
        ```
    validations:
      required: false
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ body:
      multiple: false
      options:
        - ''
-        - Latest CRAN version (2.1.1)
-        - One of the latest GitHub versions (2.1.1.9xxx)
+        - Latest CRAN version (3.0.1)
+        - One of the latest GitHub versions (3.0.1.9xxx)
    validations:
      required: true
@@ -48,7 +48,6 @@ echo "Running prehook..."
 if command -v Rscript > /dev/null; then
  if [ "$(Rscript -e 'cat(all(c('"'pkgload'"', '"'devtools'"', '"'dplyr'"') %in% rownames(installed.packages())))')" = "TRUE" ]; then
    Rscript -e "source('data-raw/_pre_commit_checks.R')"
-    currentpkg=$(Rscript -e "cat(pkgload::pkg_name())")
    echo "- Adding changed files in ./data-raw and ./man to this commit"
    git add data-raw/*
    git add data/*
@@ -57,60 +56,62 @@ if command -v Rscript > /dev/null; then
    git add NAMESPACE
  else
    echo "- R package 'pkgload', 'devtools', or 'dplyr' not installed!"
-    currentpkg="your"
  fi
 else
  echo "- R is not available on your system!"
-  currentpkg="your"
 fi
 echo ""

 # ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 echo "Updating semantic versioning and date..."

-# Get tags from remote and remove tags not on remote
-git fetch origin --prune --prune-tags --quiet
-currenttagfull=$(git describe --tags --abbrev=0)
-currenttag=$(git describe --tags --abbrev=0 | sed 's/v//')
-
-# Assume main branch to be 'main' or 'master'
-defaultbranch=$(git branch | cut -c 3- | grep -E '^master$|^main$')
-if [ "$currenttag" = "" ]; then
-  currenttag="0.0.1"
-  currentcommit=$(git rev-list --count ${defaultbranch})
-  echo "- No git tags found, creating one in format 'v(x).(y).(z)' - currently ${currentcommit} previous commits in '${defaultbranch}'"
+current_branch=$(git rev-parse --abbrev-ref HEAD)
+if [ "$current_branch" != "main" ]; then
+  echo "- Current branch is '$current_branch'; skipping version/date update (only runs on 'main')"
 else
-  currentcommit=$(git rev-list --count ${currenttagfull}..${defaultbranch})
-  echo "- Latest tag is '${currenttagfull}', with ${currentcommit} previous commits in '${defaultbranch}'"
-fi
-
-# Combine tag and commit number
-currentversion="$currenttag.$((currentcommit + 9001))"
-echo "- ${currentpkg} pkg version set to ${currentversion}"
-
-# Update version number and date in DESCRIPTION
-sed -i -- "s/^Version: .*/Version: ${currentversion}/" DESCRIPTION
-sed -i -- "s/^Date: .*/Date: $(date '+%Y-%m-%d')/" DESCRIPTION
-echo "- Updated version number and date in ./DESCRIPTION"
-rm -f DESCRIPTION--
-git add DESCRIPTION
-
-# Update version number in NEWS.md
-if [ -e "NEWS.md" ]; then
-  if [ "$currentpkg" = "your" ]; then
-    currentpkg=""
+  # Version update logic begins here
+  
+  # Get tags from remote and remove tags not on remote
+  git fetch origin --prune --prune-tags --quiet
+  currenttagfull=$(git describe --tags --abbrev=0)
+  currenttag=$(git describe --tags --abbrev=0 | sed 's/v//')
+  
+  # Assume main branch to be 'main' or 'master'
+  defaultbranch=$(git branch | cut -c 3- | grep -E '^master$|^main$')
+  if [ "$currenttag" = "" ]; then
+    currenttag="0.0.1"
+    currentcommit=$(git rev-list --count ${defaultbranch})
+    echo "- No git tags found, creating one in format 'v(x).(y).(z)' - currently ${currentcommit} previous commits in '${defaultbranch}'"
+  else
+    currentcommit=$(git rev-list --count ${currenttagfull}..${defaultbranch})
+    echo "- Latest tag is '${currenttagfull}', with ${currentcommit} previous commits in '${defaultbranch}'"
  fi
-  sed -i -- "1s/.*/# ${currentpkg} ${currentversion}/" NEWS.md
-  echo "- Updated version number in ./NEWS.md"
-  rm -f NEWS.md--
-  git add NEWS.md
-else
-  echo "- No NEWS.md found!"
+  
+  # Combine tag and commit number
+  currentversion="$currenttag.$((currentcommit + 9001))"
+  echo "- AMR pkg version set to ${currentversion}"
+  
+  # Update version number and date in DESCRIPTION
+  sed -i -- "s/^Version: .*/Version: ${currentversion}/" DESCRIPTION
+  sed -i -- "s/^Date: .*/Date: $(date '+%Y-%m-%d')/" DESCRIPTION
+  echo "- Updated version number and date in ./DESCRIPTION"
+  rm -f DESCRIPTION--
+  git add DESCRIPTION
+  
+  # Update version number in NEWS.md
+  if [ -e "NEWS.md" ]; then
+    sed -i -- "1s/.*/# AMR ${currentversion}/" NEWS.md
+    echo "- Updated version number in ./NEWS.md"
+    rm -f NEWS.md--
+    git add NEWS.md
+  else
+    echo "- No NEWS.md found!"
+  fi
+  echo ""
+  
+  # Save the version number for use in the commit-msg hook
+  echo "${currentversion}" > .git/commit_version.tmp
 fi
-echo ""
-
-# Save the version number for use in the commit-msg hook
-echo "${currentversion}" > .git/commit_version.tmp

 git add data-raw/*
 git add data/*
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 # This R package is free software; you can freely use and distribute   #
 # it for both personal and commercial purposes under the terms of the  #
 # GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GNU GPL-2), as published by  #
-# the Free Software Foundation.
+# the Free Software Foundation.                                        #
 # We created this package for both routine data analysis and academic  #
 # research and it was publicly released in the hope that it will be    #
 # useful, but it comes WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OR LIABILITY.              #
@@ -29,17 +29,33 @@

 on:
  push:
-    branches: '**'
-  pull_request:
-    branches: '**'
+    branches: [main]
+  schedule:
+    # also run a schedule everyday at 1 AM.
+    # this is to check that all dependencies are still available (see R/zzz.R)
+    - cron:  '0 1 * * *'

-name: lintr
+name: check-recent-dev-pkgs

 jobs:
-  lintr:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+  R-code-check:
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.config.os }}
+
+    continue-on-error: ${{ matrix.config.allowfail }}
+
+    name: ${{ matrix.config.os }} (dev-pkgs)
+
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        config:
+          # current 'release' version on Ubuntu
+          - {os: ubuntu-latest,  r: 'release', allowfail: false}
+
    env:
      GITHUB_PAT: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      R_KEEP_PKG_SOURCE: yes
+
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4

@@ -47,39 +63,21 @@ jobs:

      - uses: r-lib/actions/setup-r@v2
        with:
-          r-version: release
-          # use RStudio Package Manager to quickly install packages
-          use-public-rspm: true
+          r-version: ${{ matrix.config.r }}
+          use-public-rspm: false
+          extra-repositories: >
+            https://tidyverse.r-universe.dev
+            https://r-lib.r-universe.dev
+            https://tidymodels.r-universe.dev
+            https://yihui.r-universe.dev

      - uses: r-lib/actions/setup-r-dependencies@v2
        with:
-          extra-packages: |
-            any::lintr
-            any::cyclocomp
-            any::roxygen2
-            any::devtools
-            any::usethis
-            
-      - name: Remove unneeded folders
-        run: |
-          # do not check these folders
-          rm -rf data-raw
-          rm -rf tests
-          rm -rf vignettes
-          
-      - name: Lint
-        run: |
-          # get ALL linters, not just default ones
-          linters <- getNamespaceExports(asNamespace("lintr"))
-          linters <- sort(linters[grepl("_linter$", linters)])
-          # lose deprecated
-          linters <- linters[!grepl("^(closed_curly|open_curly|paren_brace|semicolon_terminator|consecutive_stopifnot|no_tab|single_quotes|unnecessary_nested_if|unneeded_concatenation)_linter$", linters)]
-          linters <- linters[linters != "linter"]
-          # and the ones we find unnnecessary
-          linters <- linters[!grepl("^(commented_code|extraction_operator|implicit_integer|indentation|line_length|namespace|nonportable_path|object_length|object_name|object_usage|is)_linter$", linters)]
-          # put the functions in a list
-          linters_list <- lapply(linters, function(l) eval(parse(text = paste0("lintr::", l, "()")), envir = asNamespace("lintr")))
-          names(linters_list) <- linters
-          # run them all!
-          lintr::lint_package(linters = linters_list, exclusions = list("R/aa_helper_pm_functions.R"))
-        shell: Rscript {0}
+          extra-packages: any::rcmdcheck
+          needs: check
+          upgrade: 'TRUE'
+
+      - uses: r-lib/actions/check-r-package@v2
+        with:
+          upload-snapshots: true
+          build_args: 'c("--no-manual","--compact-vignettes=gs+qpdf")'
@@ -41,7 +41,22 @@ on:
 name: check-recent

 jobs:
+  setup:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      matrix: ${{ steps.set-matrix.outputs.matrix }}
+    steps:
+      - id: set-matrix
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          if [ "${{ github.event_name }}" = "pull_request" ]; then
+            echo 'matrix={"config":[{"os":"ubuntu-latest","r":"release","allowfail":false}]}' >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          else
+            echo 'matrix={"config":[{"os":"windows-latest","r":"devel","allowfail":false},{"os":"ubuntu-latest","r":"devel","allowfail":false,"http-user-agent":"release"},{"os":"macOS-latest","r":"release","allowfail":true},{"os":"windows-latest","r":"release","allowfail":false},{"os":"ubuntu-latest","r":"release","allowfail":false},{"os":"ubuntu-latest","r":"oldrel-1","allowfail":false},{"os":"ubuntu-latest","r":"oldrel-2","allowfail":false},{"os":"ubuntu-latest","r":"oldrel-3","allowfail":false},{"os":"ubuntu-latest","r":"oldrel-4","allowfail":false}]}' >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          fi
+
  R-code-check:
+    needs: setup
    runs-on: ${{ matrix.config.os }}

    continue-on-error: ${{ matrix.config.allowfail }}
@@ -50,23 +65,7 @@ jobs:

    strategy:
      fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        config:
-          # current development version, check all major OSes:
-          # - {os: macOS-latest,   r: 'devel', allowfail: true}
-          - {os: windows-latest, r: 'devel', allowfail: false}
-          - {os: ubuntu-latest,  r: 'devel', allowfail: false, http-user-agent: 'release'}
-
-          # current 'release' version, check all major OSes:
-          - {os: macOS-latest,   r: 'release', allowfail: true}
-          - {os: windows-latest, r: 'release', allowfail: false}
-          - {os: ubuntu-latest,  r: 'release', allowfail: false}
-
-          # older versions (see also check-old-tinytest.yaml for even older versions):
-          - {os: ubuntu-latest, r: 'oldrel-1', allowfail: false}
-          - {os: ubuntu-latest, r: 'oldrel-2', allowfail: false}
-          - {os: ubuntu-latest, r: 'oldrel-3', allowfail: false}
-          - {os: ubuntu-latest, r: 'oldrel-4', allowfail: false}
+      matrix: ${{ fromJSON(needs.setup.outputs.matrix) }}

    env:
      GITHUB_PAT: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
@@ -29,8 +29,8 @@

 on:
  push:
-     # only run after a git push on any branch in this repo
-    branches: '**'
+     # only run after a git push on the main branch
+    branches: [main]

 name: check-old

@@ -50,17 +50,24 @@ jobs:
          # For these old versions, dependencies and vignettes will not be checked.
          # For recent R versions, see check-recent.yaml (r-lib and tidyverse support the latest 5 major R releases).
          - {os: ubuntu-latest, r: '3.6', allowfail: false}
-          # - {os: windows-latest, r: '3.5', allowfail: true} # always fails, horrible with UTF-8
-          - {os: ubuntu-latest, r: '3.4', allowfail: false}
-          - {os: ubuntu-latest, r: '3.3', allowfail: false}
-          - {os: ubuntu-latest, r: '3.2', allowfail: false}
-          - {os: ubuntu-latest, r: '3.1', allowfail: false}
+          # - {os: windows-latest, r: '3.5', allowfail: false} # always fails, horrible with UTF-8
+          # - {os: ubuntu-latest, r: '3.4', allowfail: false}  # 3.1-3.4 now always fails with Error in grep(warn_re, lines, invert = TRUE, value = TRUE) attempt to set index 46/46 in SET_STRING_ELT
+          # - {os: ubuntu-latest, r: '3.3', allowfail: false}
+          # - {os: ubuntu-latest, r: '3.2', allowfail: false}
+          # - {os: ubuntu-latest, r: '3.1', allowfail: false}
          - {os: ubuntu-latest, r: '3.0', allowfail: false}

    env:
      R_REMOTES_NO_ERRORS_FROM_WARNINGS: true
+      LANG: en_US.UTF-8
+      LC_ALL: en_US.UTF-8

    steps:
+      - name: Set up locales
+        run: |
+          sudo locale-gen en_US.UTF-8
+          sudo update-locale LANG=en_US.UTF-8
+
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4

      - uses: r-lib/actions/setup-r@v2
@@ -69,9 +76,14 @@ jobs:

      - uses: r-lib/actions/setup-pandoc@v2

-      - name: Install tinytest from CRAN
+      - name: Install suggested pkgs (and tinytest) from CRAN
        run: |
-          install.packages("tinytest", repos = "https://cran.r-project.org")
+          desc_lines <- readLines('DESCRIPTION')
+          suggests <- readLines('DESCRIPTION')[grepl("^(Suggests:|  )", readLines('DESCRIPTION'))]
+          suggests <- suggests[(which(grepl("^Suggests", suggests)) + 1):length(suggests)]
+          suggests <- gsub("[ ,]", "", suggests)
+          pkgs <- unique(c(suggests, "tinytest"))
+          for (p in pkgs) try(install.packages(p, repos = "https://cran.r-project.org"), silent = TRUE)
        shell: Rscript {0}

      - name: Show session info
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ jobs:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    
    env:
-      PYPI_PAT: ${{ secrets.PYPI_PAT }}
+      GH_REPO_SCOPE: ${{ secrets.GH_REPO_SCOPE }}
    
    steps:
      - name: Checkout code
@@ -78,6 +78,7 @@ jobs:
          cd PythonPackage/AMR
          python -m twine upload --repository-url https://test.pypi.org/legacy/ dist/*

+      # TODO - Support Miniconda and Anaconda too
      # - name: Set up Miniconda
      #   continue-on-error: true
      #   uses: conda-incubator/setup-miniconda@v2
@@ -117,7 +118,7 @@ jobs:
          rm -rf PythonPackage

          git init
-          git remote add origin https://$PYPI_PAT@github.com/msberends/AMR
+          git remote add origin https://$GH_REPO_SCOPE@github.com/msberends/AMR
          git checkout --orphan python-wrapper
          git config user.name "github-actions[bot]"
          git config user.email "github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com"
@@ -125,4 +126,4 @@ jobs:
          git rm -rf . || true
          git add .
          git commit -m "Python wrapper update"
-          git push https://$PYPI_PAT@github.com/msberends/AMR.git python-wrapper --force
+          git push https://$GH_REPO_SCOPE@github.com/msberends/AMR.git python-wrapper --force
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ jobs:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    
    env:
-      PYPI_PAT: ${{ secrets.PYPI_PAT }}
+      GH_REPO_SCOPE: ${{ secrets.GH_REPO_SCOPE }}
    
    steps:
      - name: Checkout code
@@ -63,4 +63,4 @@ jobs:
          git config user.email "github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com"
          git add latest_training_data.txt
          git commit -m "GPT training data update"
-          git push https://$PYPI_PAT@github.com/msberends/amr-for-r-assistant.git main --force
+          git push https://$GH_REPO_SCOPE@github.com/msberends/amr-for-r-assistant.git main --force
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+# ==================================================================== #
+# TITLE:                                                               #
+# AMR: An R Package for Working with Antimicrobial Resistance Data     #
+#                                                                      #
+# SOURCE CODE:                                                         #
+# https://github.com/msberends/AMR                                     #
+#                                                                      #
+# PLEASE CITE THIS SOFTWARE AS:                                        #
+# Berends MS, Luz CF, Friedrich AW, et al. (2022).                     #
+# AMR: An R Package for Working with Antimicrobial Resistance Data.    #
+# Journal of Statistical Software, 104(3), 1-31.                       #
+# https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v104.i03                                #
+#                                                                      #
+# Developed at the University of Groningen and the University Medical  #
+# Center Groningen in The Netherlands, in collaboration with many      #
+# colleagues from around the world, see our website.                   # 
+#                                                                      #
+# This R package is free software; you can freely use and distribute   #
+# it for both personal and commercial purposes under the terms of the  #
+# GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GNU GPL-2), as published by  #
+# the Free Software Foundation.                                        #
+# We created this package for both routine data analysis and academic  #
+# research and it was publicly released in the hope that it will be    #
+# useful, but it comes WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OR LIABILITY.              #
+#                                                                      #
+# Visit our website for the full manual and a complete tutorial about  #
+# how to conduct AMR data analysis: https://amr-for-r.org              #
+# ==================================================================== #
+
+on:
+  push:
+    # only on main
+    branches: "main"
+
+name: Update TODO Tracker
+
+jobs:
+  update-todo:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Generate TODO list from R/
+        run: |
+          export TZ=Europe/Amsterdam
+          last_updated=$(date +"%e %B %Y %H:%M:%S %Z" | sed 's/^ *//')
+          echo "## \`TODO\` Report" > todo.md
+          echo "" >> todo.md
+          echo "**Last Updated: ${last_updated}**" >> todo.md
+          echo "" >> todo.md
+          echo "_This overview is automatically updated on each push to \`main\`. It provides an automated overview of all mentions of the text \`TODO\`._" >> todo.md
+          echo "" >> todo.md
+          todos=$(grep -rn --include=\*.{R,Rmd,yaml,yml,md,css,js}  --exclude={todo-tracker.yml,todo.md} "TODO" . || true)
+          if [ -z "$todos" ]; then
+            echo "✅ No TODOs found." >> todo.md
+          else
+            echo "$todos" | awk -F: -v repo="https://github.com/msberends/AMR/blob/main/" '
+              {
+                file = $1
+                gsub("^\\./", "", file)  # remove leading ./ if present
+                line = $2
+                text = substr($0, index($0,$3))
+                if (file != last_file) {
+                  if (last_file != "") print "```"
+                  print ""
+                  print "### [`" file "`](" repo file ")"
+                  print "```r"
+                  last_file = file
+                }
+                printf "L%s: %s\n", line, text
+              }
+            ' >> todo.md
+            echo "\`\`\`" >> todo.md
+          fi
+
+      - name: Update GitHub issue
+        uses: peter-evans/create-or-update-comment@v4
+        with:
+          token: ${{ secrets.GH_REPO_SCOPE }}
+          issue-number: 231
+          comment-id: 3253439219
+          body-file: todo.md
+          edit-mode: replace
@@ -42,16 +42,15 @@ jobs:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:

-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
        with:
          # this is to keep timestamps, the default fetch-depth: 1 gets the timestamps of the moment of cloning
          # we need this for the download page on our website - dates must be of the files, not of the latest git push
          fetch-depth: 0

-      - name: Preserve timestamps
-        run: |
-          sudo apt install git-restore-mtime
-          git restore-mtime
+      - name: restore timestamps
+        uses: chetan/git-restore-mtime-action@v2

      - uses: r-lib/actions/setup-pandoc@v2

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 Meta
 doc
+docs
 .Renviron
 .Rproj.user
 .Rhistory
@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+# CLAUDE.md — AMR R Package
+
+This file provides context for Claude Code when working in this repository.
+
+## Project Overview
+
+**AMR** is a zero-dependency R package for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) data analysis using a One Health approach. It is peer-reviewed, used in 175+ countries, and supports 28 languages.
+
+Key capabilities:
+- SIR (Susceptible/Intermediate/Resistant) classification using EUCAST 2011–2025 and CLSI 2011–2025 breakpoints
+- Antibiogram generation: traditional, combined, syndromic, and WISCA
+- Microorganism taxonomy database (~79,000 species)
+- Antimicrobial drug database (~620 drugs)
+- Multi-drug resistant organism (MDRO) classification
+- First-isolate identification
+- Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and disk diffusion handling
+- Multilingual output (28 languages)
+
+## Common Commands
+
+All commands run inside an R session:
+
+```r
+# Rebuild documentation (roxygen2 → .Rd files + NAMESPACE)
+devtools::document()
+
+# Run all tests
+devtools::test()
+
+# Full package check (CRAN-level: docs + tests + checks)
+devtools::check()
+
+# Build pkgdown website locally
+pkgdown::build_site()
+
+# Code coverage report
+covr::package_coverage()
+```
+
+From the shell:
+
+```bash
+# CRAN check from parent directory
+R CMD check AMR
+```
+
+## Repository Structure
+
+```
+R/              # All R source files (62 files, ~28,000 lines)
+man/            # Auto-generated .Rd documentation (do not edit manually)
+tests/testthat/ # testthat test files (test-*.R) and helper-functions.R
+data/           # Pre-compiled .rda datasets
+data-raw/       # Scripts used to generate data/ files
+vignettes/      # Rmd vignette articles
+inst/           # Installed files (translations, etc.)
+_pkgdown.yml    # pkgdown website configuration
+```
+
+## R Source File Conventions
+
+**Naming conventions in `R/`:**
+
+| Prefix/Name | Purpose |
+|---|---|
+| `aa_*.R` | Loaded first (helpers, globals, options, package docs) |
+| `zz_deprecated.R` | Deprecated function wrappers |
+| `zzz.R` | `.onLoad` / `.onAttach` initialization |
+
+**Key source files:**
+
+- `aa_helper_functions.R` / `aa_helper_pm_functions.R` — internal utility functions (large; ~63 KB and ~37 KB)
+- `aa_globals.R` — global constants and breakpoint lookup structures
+- `aa_options.R` — `amr_options()` / `get_AMR_option()` system
+- `mo.R` / `mo_property.R` — microorganism lookup and properties
+- `ab.R` / `ab_property.R` — antimicrobial drug functions
+- `av.R` / `av_property.R` — antiviral drug functions
+- `sir.R` / `sir_calc.R` / `sir_df.R` — SIR classification engine
+- `mic.R` / `disk.R` — MIC and disk diffusion classes
+- `antibiogram.R` — antibiogram generation (traditional, combined, syndromic, WISCA)
+- `first_isolate.R` — first-isolate identification algorithms
+- `mdro.R` — MDRO classification (EUCAST, CLSI, CDC, custom guidelines)
+- `amr_selectors.R` — tidyselect helpers for selecting AMR columns
+- `interpretive_rules.R` / `custom_eucast_rules.R` — clinical interpretation rules
+- `translate.R` — 28-language translation system
+- `ggplot_sir.R` / `ggplot_pca.R` / `plotting.R` — visualisation functions
+
+## Custom S3 Classes
+
+The package defines five S3 classes with full print/format/plot/vctrs support:
+
+| Class | Created by | Represents |
+|---|---|---|
+| `<mo>` | `as.mo()` | Microorganism code |
+| `<ab>` | `as.ab()` | Antimicrobial drug code |
+| `<av>` | `as.av()` | Antiviral drug code |
+| `<sir>` | `as.sir()` | SIR value (S/I/R/SDD) |
+| `<mic>` | `as.mic()` | Minimum inhibitory concentration |
+| `<disk>` | `as.disk()` | Disk diffusion diameter |
+
+## Data Files
+
+Pre-compiled in `data/` (do not edit directly; regenerate via `data-raw/` scripts):
+
+| File | Contents |
+|---|---|
+| `microorganisms.rda` | ~79,000 microbial species with full taxonomy |
+| `antimicrobials.rda` | ~620 antimicrobial drugs with ATC codes |
+| `antivirals.rda` | Antiviral drugs |
+| `clinical_breakpoints.rda` | EUCAST + CLSI breakpoints (2011–2025) |
+| `intrinsic_resistant.rda` | Intrinsic resistance patterns |
+| `example_isolates.rda` | Example AMR dataset for documentation/testing |
+| `WHONET.rda` | Example WHONET-format dataset |
+
+## Zero-Dependency Design
+
+The package has **no `Imports`** in `DESCRIPTION`. All optional integrations (ggplot2, dplyr, data.table, tidymodels, cli, crayon, etc.) are listed in `Suggests` and guarded with:
+
+```r
+if (requireNamespace("pkg", quietly = TRUE)) { ... }
+```
+
+Never add packages to `Imports`. If new functionality requires an external package, add it to `Suggests` and guard usage appropriately.
+
+## Testing
+
+- **Framework:** `testthat` (R ≥ 3.1); legacy `tinytest` used for R 3.0–3.6 CI
+- **Test files:** `tests/testthat/test-*.R`
+- **Helpers:** `tests/testthat/helper-functions.R`
+- **CI matrix:** GitHub Actions across Windows / macOS / Linux × R devel / release / oldrel-1 through oldrel-4
+- **Coverage:** `covr` (some files excluded: `atc_online.R`, `mo_source.R`, `translate.R`, `resistance_predict.R`, `zz_deprecated.R`, helper files, `zzz.R`)
+
+## Documentation
+
+- All exported functions use **roxygen2** blocks (`RoxygenNote: 7.3.3`, markdown enabled)
+- Run `devtools::document()` after any change to roxygen comments
+- Never edit files in `man/` directly — they are auto-generated
+- Vignettes live in `vignettes/` as `.Rmd` files
+- The pkgdown website is configured in `_pkgdown.yml`
+
+## Versioning
+
+Version format: `major.minor.patch.dev` (e.g., `3.0.1.9021`)
+
+- Development versions use a `.9xxx` suffix
+- Stable CRAN releases drop the dev suffix (e.g., `3.0.1`)
+- `NEWS.md` uses sections **New**, **Fixes**, **Updates** with GitHub issue references (`#NNN`)
+
+### Version and date bump required for every PR
+
+All PRs are **squash-merged**, so each PR lands as exactly **one commit** on the default branch. Version numbers are kept in sync with the cumulative commit count since the last released tag. Therefore **exactly one version bump is allowed per PR**, regardless of how many intermediate commits are made on the branch.
+
+#### Computing the correct version number
+
+Run the following from the repo root to determine the version string to use:
+
+```bash
+currenttag=$(git describe --tags --abbrev=0 | sed 's/v//')
+currenttagfull=$(git describe --tags --abbrev=0)
+defaultbranch=$(git branch | cut -c 3- | grep -E '^master$|^main$')
+currentcommit=$(git rev-list --count ${currenttagfull}..${defaultbranch})
+currentversion="${currenttag}.$((currentcommit + 9001 + 1))"
+echo "$currentversion"
+```
+
+The `+ 1` accounts for the fact that this PR's squash commit is not yet on the default branch. Set **both** of these files to the resulting version string (and only once per PR, even across multiple commits):
+
+1. **`DESCRIPTION`** — the `Version:` field
+2. **`NEWS.md`** — the top-level heading `# AMR <version>`
+
+If `git describe` fails (e.g. no tags exist in the environment), fall back to reading the current version from `DESCRIPTION` and adding 1 to the last numeric component — but only if no bump has already been made in this PR.
+
+#### Date field
+
+The `Date:` field in `DESCRIPTION` must reflect the date of the **last commit to the PR** (not the first), in ISO format. Update it with every commit so it is always current:
+
+```
+Date: 2026-03-07
+```
+
+## Internal State
+
+The package uses a private `AMR_env` environment (created in `aa_globals.R`) for caching expensive lookups (e.g., microorganism matching scores, breakpoint tables). This avoids re-computation within a session.
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
-Version: 3.0.0
-Date: 2025-06-01 16:52:53 UTC
-SHA: 79038fed2169a25a7fc067c80bb25d9d78be21d9
+Version: 3.0.1
+Date: 2025-09-20 10:56:46 UTC
+SHA: 33fb1849eb5aa6d33828e643c8f5047dd93447e3
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 Package: AMR
-Version: 3.0.0
-Date: 2025-06-01
+Version: 3.0.1.9036
+Date: 2026-03-18
 Title: Antimicrobial Resistance Data Analysis
 Description: Functions to simplify and standardise antimicrobial resistance (AMR)
  data analysis and to work with microbial and antimicrobial properties by
@@ -27,10 +27,10 @@ Authors@R: c(
  person(given = c("Judith", "M."),                 family = "Fonville",    role = "ctb"),
  person(given = c("Kathryn"),                      family = "Holt",        role = "ctb", comment = c(ORCID = "0000-0003-3949-2471")),
  person(given = c("Larisse"),                      family = "Bolton",      role = "ctb", comment = c(ORCID = "0000-0001-7879-2173")),
-  person(given = c("Matthew"),                      family = "Saab",        role = "ctb"),
+  person(given = c("Matthew"),                      family = "Saab",        role = "ctb", comment = c(ORCID = "0009-0008-6626-7919")),
  person(given = c("Natacha"),                      family = "Couto",       role = "ctb", comment = c(ORCID = "0000-0002-9152-5464")),
  person(given = c("Peter"),                        family = "Dutey-Magni", role = "ctb", comment = c(ORCID = "0000-0002-8942-9836")),
-  person(given = c("Rogier", "P."),                 family = "Schade",      role = "ctb"),
+  person(given = c("Rogier", "P."),                 family = "Schade",      role = "ctb", comment = c(ORCID = "0000-0002-9487-4467")),
  person(given = c("Sofia"),                        family = "Ny",          role = "ctb", comment = c(ORCID = "0000-0002-2017-1363")),
  person(given = c("Alex", "W."),                   family = "Friedrich",   role = "ths", comment = c(ORCID = "0000-0003-4881-038X")),
  person(given = c("Bhanu", "N.", "M."),            family = "Sinha",       role = "ths", comment = c(ORCID = "0000-0003-1634-0010")),
@@ -51,6 +51,8 @@ Suggests:
  pillar,
  progress,
  readxl,
+  recipes,
+  rlang,
  rmarkdown,
  rstudioapi,
  rvest,
@@ -68,5 +70,5 @@ BugReports: https://github.com/msberends/AMR/issues
 License: GPL-2 | file LICENSE
 Encoding: UTF-8
 LazyData: true
-RoxygenNote: 7.3.2
+RoxygenNote: 7.3.3
 Roxygen: list(markdown = TRUE, old_usage = TRUE)
@@ -106,6 +106,8 @@ S3method(print,mo_uncertainties)
 S3method(print,pca)
 S3method(print,sir)
 S3method(print,sir_log)
+S3method(print,step_mic_log2)
+S3method(print,step_sir_numeric)
 S3method(quantile,mic)
 S3method(rep,ab)
 S3method(rep,av)
@@ -131,8 +133,10 @@ export("%like%")
 export("%like_case%")
 export("%unlike%")
 export("%unlike_case%")
+export(NA_ab_)
 export(NA_disk_)
 export(NA_mic_)
+export(NA_mo_)
 export(NA_sir_)
 export(ab_atc)
 export(ab_atc_group1)
@@ -159,9 +163,16 @@ export(administrable_per_os)
 export(age)
 export(age_groups)
 export(all_antimicrobials)
+export(all_disk)
+export(all_disk_predictors)
+export(all_mic)
+export(all_mic_predictors)
+export(all_sir)
+export(all_sir_predictors)
 export(aminoglycosides)
 export(aminopenicillins)
 export(amr_class)
+export(amr_course)
 export(amr_distance_from_row)
 export(amr_selector)
 export(anti_join_microorganisms)
@@ -206,6 +217,7 @@ export(cephalosporins_4th)
 export(cephalosporins_5th)
 export(clear_custom_antimicrobials)
 export(clear_custom_microorganisms)
+export(clsi_rules)
 export(count_I)
 export(count_IR)
 export(count_R)
@@ -236,6 +248,8 @@ export(ggplot_sir_predict)
 export(glycopeptides)
 export(guess_ab_col)
 export(inner_join_microorganisms)
+export(interpretive_rules)
+export(ionophores)
 export(is.ab)
 export(is.av)
 export(is.disk)
@@ -312,7 +326,9 @@ export(not_intrinsic_resistant)
 export(oxazolidinones)
 export(pca)
 export(penicillins)
+export(peptides)
 export(phenicols)
+export(phosphonics)
 export(polymyxins)
 export(proportion_I)
 export(proportion_IR)
@@ -352,6 +368,9 @@ export(sir_df)
 export(sir_interpretation_history)
 export(sir_predict)
 export(skewness)
+export(spiropyrimidinetriones)
+export(step_mic_log2)
+export(step_sir_numeric)
 export(streptogramins)
 export(sulfonamides)
 export(susceptibility)
@@ -373,6 +392,8 @@ if(getRversion() >= "3.0.0") S3method(ggplot2::fortify, disk)
 if(getRversion() >= "3.0.0") S3method(ggplot2::fortify, mic)
 if(getRversion() >= "3.0.0") S3method(ggplot2::fortify, resistance_predict)
 if(getRversion() >= "3.0.0") S3method(ggplot2::fortify, sir)
+if(getRversion() >= "3.0.0") S3method(ggplot2::scale_type, mic)
+if(getRversion() >= "3.0.0") S3method(ggplot2::scale_type, sir)
 if(getRversion() >= "3.0.0") S3method(knitr::knit_print, antibiogram)
 if(getRversion() >= "3.0.0") S3method(knitr::knit_print, formatted_bug_drug_combinations)
 if(getRversion() >= "3.0.0") S3method(pillar::pillar_shaft, ab)
@@ -388,6 +409,13 @@ if(getRversion() >= "3.0.0") S3method(pillar::type_sum, av)
 if(getRversion() >= "3.0.0") S3method(pillar::type_sum, mic)
 if(getRversion() >= "3.0.0") S3method(pillar::type_sum, mo)
 if(getRversion() >= "3.0.0") S3method(pillar::type_sum, sir)
+if(getRversion() >= "3.0.0") S3method(recipes::bake, step_mic_log2)
+if(getRversion() >= "3.0.0") S3method(recipes::bake, step_sir_numeric)
+if(getRversion() >= "3.0.0") S3method(recipes::prep, step_mic_log2)
+if(getRversion() >= "3.0.0") S3method(recipes::prep, step_sir_numeric)
+if(getRversion() >= "3.0.0") S3method(recipes::tidy, step_mic_log2)
+if(getRversion() >= "3.0.0") S3method(recipes::tidy, step_sir_numeric)
+if(getRversion() >= "3.0.0") S3method(skimr::get_skimmers, ab)
 if(getRversion() >= "3.0.0") S3method(skimr::get_skimmers, disk)
 if(getRversion() >= "3.0.0") S3method(skimr::get_skimmers, mic)
 if(getRversion() >= "3.0.0") S3method(skimr::get_skimmers, mo)
@@ -1,9 +1,96 @@
+# AMR 3.0.1.9036
+
+### Updates
+* Modernised messaging infrastructure: `message_()`, `warning_()`, and `stop_()` now use `cli` for rich formatting (colours, inline markup, hyperlinks) when the `cli` package is installed, with a fully functional plain-text fallback when `cli` is absent
+* Removed `add_fn` parameter from `message_()`, `warning_()`, and `word_wrap()` — styling is now handled by `cli` markup or dropped from the plain-text path
+* New internal helper `cli_to_plain()` converts cli inline markup (`{.fun}`, `{.arg}`, `{.val}`, etc.) to plain-text equivalents for the non-cli fallback path
+* Call sites across all R source files updated from `paste0()`-based string construction to cli glue syntax (e.g. `{.fun as.mo}`, `{.arg col_mo}`, `{n} results`)
+
+# AMR 3.0.1.9035
+
+### New
+* Integration with the **tidymodels** framework to allow seamless use of SIR, MIC and disk data in modelling pipelines via `recipes`
+  - `step_mic_log2()` to transform `<mic>` columns with log2, and `step_sir_numeric()` to convert `<sir>` columns to numeric
+  - New `tidyselect` helpers:
+    - `all_sir()`, `all_sir_predictors()`
+    - `all_mic()`, `all_mic_predictors()`
+    - `all_disk()`, `all_disk_predictors()`
+* Data set `esbl_isolates` to practise with AMR modelling
+* AMR selectors `ionophores()`, `peptides()`, `phosphonics()` and `spiropyrimidinetriones()`
+* Support for Wildtype (WT) / Non-wildtype (NWT) in `as.sir()`, all plotting functions, and all susceptibility/resistance functions.
+  - `as.sir()` gained an argument `as_wt_nwt`, which defaults to `TRUE` only when `breakpoint_type = "ECOFF"` (#254)
+  - This transforms the output from S/R to WT/NWT
+  - Functions such as `susceptibility()` count WT as S and NWT as R
+* Function `interpretive_rules()`, which allows future implementation of CLSI interpretive rules (#235)
+  - `eucast_rules()` has become a wrapper around that function
+* Function `amr_course()`, which allows for automated download and unpacking of a GitHub repository for e.g. webinar use
+
+### Fixes
+* Fixed a bug in `as.sir()` where values that were purely numeric (e.g., `"1"`) and matched the broad SIR-matching regex would be incorrectly stripped of all content by the Unicode letter filter
+* Fixed a bug in `as.mic()` where MIC values in scientific notation (e.g., `"1e-3"`) were incorrectly handled because the letter `e` was removed along with other Unicode letters; scientific notation `e` is now preserved
+* Fixed a bug in `as.ab()` where certain AB codes containing "PH" or "TH" (such as `ETH`, `MTH`, `PHE`, `PHN`, `STH`, `THA`, `THI1`) would incorrectly return `NA` when combined in a vector with any untranslatable value (#245)
+* Fixed a bug in `antibiogram()` for when no antimicrobials are set
+* Fixed a bug in `as.sir()` where for numeric input the arguments `S`,  `I`,  and `R` would not be considered (#244)
+* Fixed some foreign translations of antimicrobial drugs
+* Fixed a bug for printing column names to the console when using `mutate_at(vars(...), as.mic)` (#249)
+* Fixed a bug to disregard `NI` for susceptibility proportion functions
+* Fixed Italian translation of CoNS to Stafilococco coagulasi-negativo and CoPS to Stafilococco coagulasi-positivo (#256)
+* Fixed SIR and MIC coercion of combined values, e.g. `as.sir("<= 0.002; S") ` or `as.mic("S; 0.002")` (#252)
+
+### Updates
+* `mdro()` now infers resistance for a _missing_ base drug column from an _available_ corresponding drug+inhibitor combination showing resistance (e.g., piperacillin is absent but required, while piperacillin/tazobactam available and resistant). Can be set with the new argument `infer_from_combinations`, which defaults to `TRUE` (#209). Note that this can yield a higher MDRO detection (which is a good thing as it has become more reliable).
+* `susceptibility()` and `resistance()` gained the argument `guideline`, which defaults to EUCAST, for interpreting the 'I' category correctly.
+* Added to the `antimicrobials` data set: cefepime/taniborbactam (`FTA`), ceftibuten/avibactam (`CTA`), clorobiocin (`CLB`), kasugamycin (`KAS`), ostreogrycin (`OST`), taniborbactam (`TAN`), thiostrepton (`THS`), xeruborbactam (`XER`), and zorbamycin (`ZOR`)
+* `as.mic()` and `rescale_mic()` gained the argument `round_to_next_log2`, which can be set to `TRUE` to round all values up to the nearest next log2 level (#255)
+* `antimicrobials$group` is now a `list` instead of a `character`, to contain any group the drug is in (#246)
+* `ab_group()` gained an argument `all_groups` to return all groups the antimicrobial drug is in (#246)
+* Added explaining message to `as.sir()` when interpreting numeric values (e.g., 1 for S, 2 for I, 3 for R) (#244)
+* Updated handling of capped MIC values (`<`, `<=`, `>`, `>=`) in `as.sir()` in the argument `capped_mic_handling`: (#243)
+  * Introduced four clearly defined options: `"none"`, `"conservative"` (default), `"standard"`, and `"lenient"`
+  * Interpretation of capped MIC values now consistently returns `"NI"` (non-interpretable) when the true MIC could be at either side of a breakpoint, depending on the selected handling mode
+  * This results in more reliable behaviour compared to previous versions for capped MIC values
+  * Removed the `"inverse"` option, which has now become redundant
+* `ab_group()` now returns values consist with the AMR selectors (#246)
+* Added two new `NA` objects, `NA_ab_` and `NA_mo_`, analogous to base R's `NA_character_` and `NA_integer_`, for use in pipelines that require typed missing values
+
+
+# AMR 3.0.1
+
+This is a bugfix release following the release of v3.0.0 in June 2025.
+
+### Changed
+* Fixed bugs introduced by `ggplot2` v4.0.0 (#236)
+  * MIC scale functions (such as `scale_y_mic()`) will now be applied automatically when plotting values of class `mic`
+  * SIR scale functions (such as `scale_x_sir()`) will now be applied automatically when plotting values of class `sir`
+* Fixed a bug in `antibiogram()` for when no antimicrobials are set
+* Fixed a bug in `antibiogram()` to allow column names containing the `+` character (#222)
+* Fixed a bug in `as.ab()` for antimicrobial codes with a number in it if they are preceded by a space
+* Fixed a bug in `eucast_rules()` for using specific custom rules
+* Fixed a bug in `as.sir()` to allow any tidyselect language (#220)
+* Fixed a bug in `as.sir()` to pick right breakpoint when `uti = FALSE` (#216)
+* Fixed a bug in `ggplot_sir()` when using `combine_SI = FALSE` (#213)
+* Fixed a bug in `mdro()` to make sure all genes specified in arguments are acknowledged
+* Fixed a bug the `antimicrobials` data set to remove statins (#229)
+* Fixed a bug the `microorganisms` data set for MycoBank IDs and synonyms (#233)
+* Fixed ATC J01CR05 to map to piperacillin/tazobactam rather than piperacillin/sulbactam (#230)
+* Fixed skimmers (`skimr` package) of class `ab`, `sir`, and `disk` (#234)
+* Fixed all plotting to contain a separate colour for SDD (susceptible dose-dependent) (#223)
+* Fixed some specific Dutch translations for antimicrobials
+* Added a warning to `as.ab()` if input resembles antiviral codes or names (#232)
+* Added all reasons in verbose output of `mdro()` (#227)
+* Added `names` to `age_groups()` so that custom names can be given (#215)
+* Added note to `as.sir()` to make it explicit when higher-level taxonomic breakpoints are used (#218)
+* Added antibiotic codes from the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database (CARD) to the `antimicrobials` data set (#225)
+* Updated Fosfomycin to be of antibiotic class Phosphonics (#225)
+* Updated `random_mic()` and `random_disk()` to set skewedness of the distribution and allow multiple microorganisms
+
+
 # AMR 3.0.0

 This package now supports not only tools for AMR data analysis in clinical settings, but also for veterinary and environmental microbiology. This was made possible through a collaboration with the [University of Prince Edward Island's Atlantic Veterinary College](https://www.upei.ca/avc), Canada. To celebrate this great improvement of the package, we also updated the package logo to reflect this change.

 ### Breaking
-* Dataset `antibiotics` has been renamed to `antimicrobials` as the data set contains more than just antibiotics. Using `antibiotics` will still work, but now returns a warning.
+* Data set `antibiotics` has been renamed to `antimicrobials` as the data set contains more than just antibiotics. Using `antibiotics` will still work, but now returns a warning.
 * Removed all functions and references that used the deprecated `rsi` class, which were all replaced with their `sir` equivalents over two years ago.
 * Functions `resistance_predict()` and `sir_predict()` are now deprecated and will be removed in a future version. Use the `tidymodels` framework instead, for which we [wrote a basic introduction](https://amr-for-r.org/articles/AMR_with_tidymodels.html).

@@ -15,7 +102,7 @@ This package now supports not only tools for AMR data analysis in clinical setti
  * `ab_atc()` now supports ATC codes of veterinary antimicrobials (that all start with "Q")
  * `ab_url()` now supports retrieving the WHOCC url of their ATCvet pages
 * **Support for WISCA antibiograms**  
-  * The `antibiogram()` function now supports creating true Weighted-Incidence Syndromic Combination Antibiograms (WISCA), a powerful Bayesian method for estimating regimen coverage probabilities using pathogen incidence and antimicrobial susceptibility data. WISCA offers improved precision for syndrome-specific treatment, even in datasets with sparse data. A dedicated `wisca()` function is also available for easy usage.
+  * The `antibiogram()` function now supports creating true Weighted-Incidence Syndromic Combination Antibiograms (WISCA), a powerful Bayesian method for estimating regimen coverage probabilities using pathogen incidence and antimicrobial susceptibility data. WISCA offers improved precision for syndrome-specific treatment, even in data sets with sparse data. A dedicated `wisca()` function is also available for easy usage.
 * **More global coverage of languages**
  * Added full support for 8 new languages: Arabic, Bengali, Hindi, Indonesian, Korean, Swahili, Urdu, and Vietnamese. The `AMR` package is now available in 28 languages.
 * **Major update to fungal taxonomy and tools for mycologists**
@@ -122,7 +209,7 @@ This package now supports not only tools for AMR data analysis in clinical setti

 ## Older Versions

-This changelog only contains changes from AMR v3.0 (March 2025) and later.
+This changelog only contains changes from AMR v3.0 (June 2025) and later.

 * For prior v2 versions, please see [our v2 archive](https://github.com/msberends/AMR/blob/v2.1.1/NEWS.md).
 * For prior v1 versions, please see [our v1 archive](https://github.com/msberends/AMR/blob/v1.8.2/NEWS.md).
@@ -34,37 +34,37 @@ EUCAST_VERSION_BREAKPOINTS <- list(
    version_txt = "v15.0",
    year = 2025,
    title = "'EUCAST Clinical Breakpoint Tables'",
-    url = "https://www.eucast.org/clinical_breakpoints/"
+    url = "https://www.eucast.org/bacteria/clinical-breakpoints-and-interpretation/clinical-breakpoint-tables/"
  ),
  "14.0" = list(
    version_txt = "v14.0",
    year = 2024,
    title = "'EUCAST Clinical Breakpoint Tables'",
-    url = "https://www.eucast.org/clinical_breakpoints/"
+    url = "https://www.eucast.org/bacteria/clinical-breakpoints-and-interpretation/clinical-breakpoint-tables/"
  ),
  "13.1" = list(
    version_txt = "v13.1",
    year = 2023,
    title = "'EUCAST Clinical Breakpoint Tables'",
-    url = "https://www.eucast.org/clinical_breakpoints/"
+    url = "https://www.eucast.org/bacteria/clinical-breakpoints-and-interpretation/clinical-breakpoint-tables/"
  ),
  "12.0" = list(
    version_txt = "v12.0",
    year = 2022,
    title = "'EUCAST Clinical Breakpoint Tables'",
-    url = "https://www.eucast.org/clinical_breakpoints/"
+    url = "https://www.eucast.org/bacteria/clinical-breakpoints-and-interpretation/clinical-breakpoint-tables/"
  ),
  "11.0" = list(
    version_txt = "v11.0",
    year = 2021,
    title = "'EUCAST Clinical Breakpoint Tables'",
-    url = "https://www.eucast.org/clinical_breakpoints/"
+    url = "https://www.eucast.org/bacteria/clinical-breakpoints-and-interpretation/clinical-breakpoint-tables/"
  ),
  "10.0" = list(
    version_txt = "v10.0",
    year = 2020,
    title = "'EUCAST Clinical Breakpoint Tables'",
-    url = "https://www.eucast.org/ast_of_bacteria/previous_versions_of_documents/"
+    url = "https://www.eucast.org/bacteria/document-archive/"
  )
 )
 EUCAST_VERSION_EXPERT_RULES <- list(
@@ -72,19 +72,19 @@ EUCAST_VERSION_EXPERT_RULES <- list(
    version_txt = "v3.3",
    year = 2021,
    title = "'EUCAST Expert Rules' and 'EUCAST Intrinsic Resistance and Unusual Phenotypes'",
-    url = "https://www.eucast.org/expert_rules_and_expected_phenotypes"
+    url = "https://www.eucast.org/bacteria/important-additional-information/expert-rules/"
  ),
  "3.2" = list(
    version_txt = "v3.2",
    year = 2020,
    title = "'EUCAST Expert Rules' and 'EUCAST Intrinsic Resistance and Unusual Phenotypes'",
-    url = "https://www.eucast.org/expert_rules_and_expected_phenotypes"
+    url = "https://www.eucast.org/bacteria/important-additional-information/expert-rules/"
  ),
  "3.1" = list(
    version_txt = "v3.1",
    year = 2016,
    title = "'EUCAST Expert Rules, Intrinsic Resistance and Exceptional Phenotypes'",
-    url = "https://www.eucast.org/expert_rules_and_expected_phenotypes"
+    url = "https://www.eucast.org/bacteria/important-additional-information/expert-rules/"
  )
 )
 EUCAST_VERSION_EXPECTED_PHENOTYPES <- list(
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ EUCAST_VERSION_EXPECTED_PHENOTYPES <- list(
    version_txt = "v1.2",
    year = 2023,
    title = "'EUCAST Expected Resistant Phenotypes'",
-    url = "https://www.eucast.org/expert_rules_and_expected_phenotypes"
+    url = "https://www.eucast.org/bacteria/important-additional-information/expert-rules/"
  )
 )

@@ -233,6 +233,7 @@ globalVariables(c(
  "uti_index",
  "value",
  "varname",
+  "where",
  "x",
  "xvar",
  "y",
@@ -63,31 +63,6 @@ pm_left_join <- function(x, y, by = NULL, suffix = c(".x", ".y")) {
  merged
 }

-# support where() like tidyverse (this function will also be used when running `antibiogram()`):
-where <- function(fn) {
-  # based on https://github.com/nathaneastwood/poorman/blob/52eb6947e0b4430cd588976ed8820013eddf955f/R/where.R#L17-L32
-  if (!is.function(fn)) {
-    stop_("`", deparse(substitute(fn)), "()` is not a valid predicate function.")
-  }
-  df <- pm_select_env$.data
-  cols <- pm_select_env$get_colnames()
-  if (is.null(df)) {
-    df <- get_current_data("where", call = FALSE)
-    cols <- colnames(df)
-  }
-  preds <- unlist(lapply(
-    df,
-    function(x, fn) {
-      do.call("fn", list(x))
-    },
-    fn
-  ))
-  if (!is.logical(preds)) stop_("`where()` must be used with functions that return `TRUE` or `FALSE`.")
-  data_cols <- cols
-  cols <- data_cols[preds]
-  which(data_cols %in% cols)
-}
-
 # copied and slightly rewritten from {poorman} under permissive license (2021-10-15)
 # https://github.com/nathaneastwood/poorman, MIT licensed, Nathan Eastwood, 2020
 case_when_AMR <- function(...) {
@@ -330,8 +305,7 @@ search_type_in_df <- function(x, type, info = TRUE, add_col_prefix = TRUE) {
      # this column should contain logicals
      if (!is.logical(x[, found, drop = TRUE])) {
        message_("Column '", font_bold(found), "' found as input for `", ifelse(add_col_prefix, "col_", ""), type,
-          "`, but this column does not contain 'logical' values (TRUE/FALSE) and was ignored.",
-          add_fn = font_red
+          "`, but this column does not contain 'logical' values (TRUE/FALSE) and was ignored."
        )
        found <- NULL
      }
@@ -408,17 +382,30 @@ pkg_is_available <- function(pkg, also_load = FALSE, min_version = NULL) {
  isTRUE(out)
 }

+highlight_code <- function(code) {
+  if (pkg_is_available("cli", min_version = "3.0.0")) {
+    cli::code_highlight(code)
+  } else {
+    code
+  }
+}
+
 import_fn <- function(name, pkg, error_on_fail = TRUE) {
  if (isTRUE(error_on_fail)) {
    stop_ifnot_installed(pkg)
  }
+  if (pkg == "rstudioapi" && !in_rstudio()) {
+    # only allow rstudioapi to be imported if we're in RStudio
+    return(NULL)
+  }
+
  tryCatch(
    # don't use get() to avoid fetching non-API functions
    getExportedValue(name = name, ns = asNamespace(pkg)),
    error = function(e) {
      if (isTRUE(error_on_fail)) {
-        stop_("function `", name, "()` is not an exported object from package '", pkg,
-          "'. Please create an issue at ", font_url("https://github.com/msberends/AMR/issues"), ". Many thanks!",
+        stop_("function {.code ", name, "()} is not an exported object from package '", pkg,
+          "'. Please create an issue at https://github.com/msberends/AMR/issues. Many thanks!",
          call = FALSE
        )
      } else {
@@ -428,30 +415,108 @@ import_fn <- function(name, pkg, error_on_fail = TRUE) {
  )
 }

+# Convert cli glue markup to plain text for the non-cli fallback path.
+# Called by message_(), warning_(), and stop_() when cli is not available.
+cli_to_plain <- function(msg, envir = parent.frame()) {
+  resolve <- function(x) {
+    # If x looks like {expr}, evaluate the inner expression
+    if (grepl("^\\{.+\\}$", x)) {
+      inner <- substring(x, 2L, nchar(x) - 1L)
+      tryCatch(
+        paste0(as.character(eval(parse(text = inner), envir = envir)), collapse = ", "),
+        error = function(e) x
+      )
+    } else {
+      x
+    }
+  }
+
+  apply_sub <- function(msg, pattern, formatter) {
+    while (grepl(pattern, msg, perl = TRUE)) {
+      m <- regexec(pattern, msg)
+      matches <- regmatches(msg, m)[[1]]
+      if (length(matches) < 2L) break
+      full_match <- matches[1L]
+      content <- matches[2L]
+      replacement <- formatter(content)
+      idx <- regexpr(full_match, msg, fixed = TRUE)
+      if (idx == -1L) break
+      msg <- paste0(
+        substr(msg, 1L, idx - 1L),
+        replacement,
+        substr(msg, idx + nchar(full_match), nchar(msg))
+      )
+    }
+    msg
+  }
+
+  # cli inline markup -> plain-text equivalents (one level of glue nesting allowed)
+  msg <- apply_sub(msg, "\\{\\.fun (\\{[^}]+\\}|[^}]+)\\}",    function(c) paste0("`", resolve(c), "()`"))
+  msg <- apply_sub(msg, "\\{\\.arg (\\{[^}]+\\}|[^}]+)\\}",    function(c) paste0("`", resolve(c), "`"))
+  msg <- apply_sub(msg, "\\{\\.code (\\{[^}]+\\}|[^}]+)\\}",   function(c) paste0("`", resolve(c), "`"))
+  msg <- apply_sub(msg, "\\{\\.val (\\{[^}]+\\}|[^}]+)\\}",    function(c) paste0('"', resolve(c), '"'))
+  msg <- apply_sub(msg, "\\{\\.field (\\{[^}]+\\}|[^}]+)\\}",  function(c) paste0('"', resolve(c), '"'))
+  msg <- apply_sub(msg, "\\{\\.cls (\\{[^}]+\\}|[^}]+)\\}",    function(c) paste0("<", resolve(c), ">"))
+  msg <- apply_sub(msg, "\\{\\.pkg (\\{[^}]+\\}|[^}]+)\\}",    function(c) resolve(c))
+  msg <- apply_sub(msg, "\\{\\.strong (\\{[^}]+\\}|[^}]+)\\}", function(c) paste0("*", resolve(c), "*"))
+  msg <- apply_sub(msg, "\\{\\.emph (\\{[^}]+\\}|[^}]+)\\}",   function(c) paste0("*", resolve(c), "*"))
+  msg <- apply_sub(msg, "\\{\\.help ([^}]+)\\}", function(c) {
+    # Handle [display text](topic) markdown link format: extract just the display text
+    m <- regmatches(c, regexec("^\\[(.*)\\]\\([^)]*\\)$", c))[[1L]]
+    if (length(m) >= 2L) m[2L] else paste0("`", resolve(c), "`")
+  })
+  msg <- apply_sub(msg, "\\{\\.topic ([^}]+)\\}", function(c) {
+    # Handle [display text](topic) markdown link format: extract just the display text
+    m <- regmatches(c, regexec("^\\[(.*)\\]\\([^)]*\\)$", c))[[1L]]
+    if (length(m) >= 2L) m[2L] else paste0("?", resolve(c))
+  })
+  msg <- apply_sub(msg, "\\{\\.url (\\{[^}]+\\}|[^}]+)\\}",    function(c) resolve(c))
+  msg <- apply_sub(msg, "\\{\\.href ([^}]+)\\}",                function(c) strsplit(resolve(c), " ", fixed = TRUE)[[1L]][1L])
+
+  # bare {variable} or {expression} -> evaluate in caller's environment
+  while (grepl("\\{[^{}]+\\}", msg)) {
+    m <- regexec("\\{([^{}]+)\\}", msg)
+    matches <- regmatches(msg, m)[[1]]
+    if (length(matches) < 2L) break
+    full_match <- matches[1L]
+    inner <- matches[2L]
+    replacement <- tryCatch(
+      paste0(as.character(eval(parse(text = inner), envir = envir)), collapse = ", "),
+      error = function(e) full_match
+    )
+    idx <- regexpr(full_match, msg, fixed = TRUE)
+    if (idx == -1L) break
+    msg <- paste0(
+      substr(msg, 1L, idx - 1L),
+      replacement,
+      substr(msg, idx + nchar(full_match), nchar(msg))
+    )
+  }
+
+  msg
+}
+
 # this alternative wrapper to the message(), warning() and stop() functions:
-# - wraps text to never break lines within words
-# - ignores formatted text while wrapping
-# - adds indentation dependent on the type of message (such as NOTE)
-# - can add additional formatting functions like blue or bold text
+# - wraps text to never break lines within words (plain-text fallback only)
+# - adds indentation for note-style messages (plain-text fallback only)
+# When cli is available this just returns the pasted input; cli handles formatting.
 word_wrap <- function(...,
-                      add_fn = list(),
                      as_note = FALSE,
                      width = 0.95 * getOption("width"),
                      extra_indent = 0) {
+  if (pkg_is_available("cli", min_version = "3.0.0")) {
+    return(paste0(c(...), collapse = ""))
+  }
  msg <- paste0(c(...), collapse = "")
-
  if (isTRUE(as_note)) {
    msg <- paste0(AMR_env$info_icon, " ", gsub("^note:? ?", "", msg, ignore.case = TRUE))
  }
-
-  if (msg %like% "\n") {
-    # run word_wraps() over every line here, bind them and return again
+  if (grepl("\n", msg, fixed = TRUE)) {
    return(paste0(
      vapply(
        FUN.VALUE = character(1),
        trimws(unlist(strsplit(msg, "\n", fixed = TRUE)), which = "right"),
        word_wrap,
-        add_fn = add_fn,
        as_note = FALSE,
        width = width,
        extra_indent = extra_indent
@@ -459,155 +524,75 @@ word_wrap <- function(...,
      collapse = "\n"
    ))
  }
-
-  # correct for operators (will add the space later on)
-  ops <- "([,./><\\]\\[])"
-  msg <- gsub(paste0(ops, " ", ops), "\\1\\2", msg, perl = TRUE)
-  # we need to correct for already applied style, that adds text like "\033[31m\"
-  msg_stripped <- gsub("(.*)?\\033\\]8;;.*\\a(.*?)\\033\\]8;;\\a(.*)", "\\1\\2\\3", msg, perl = TRUE) # for font_url()
-  msg_stripped <- font_stripstyle(msg_stripped)
-  # where are the spaces now?
-  msg_stripped_wrapped <- paste0(
-    strwrap(msg_stripped,
-      simplify = TRUE,
-      width = width
-    ),
-    collapse = "\n"
-  )
-  msg_stripped_wrapped <- paste0(unlist(strsplit(msg_stripped_wrapped, "(\n|\\*\\|\\*)")),
-    collapse = "\n"
-  )
-  msg_stripped_spaces <- which(unlist(strsplit(msg_stripped, "", fixed = TRUE)) == " ")
-  msg_stripped_wrapped_spaces <- which(unlist(strsplit(msg_stripped_wrapped, "", fixed = TRUE)) != "\n")
-  # so these are the indices of spaces that need to be replaced
-  replace_spaces <- which(!msg_stripped_spaces %in% msg_stripped_wrapped_spaces)
-  # put it together
-  msg <- unlist(strsplit(msg, " ", fixed = TRUE))
-  msg[replace_spaces] <- paste0(msg[replace_spaces], "\n")
-  # add space around operators again
-  msg <- gsub(paste0(ops, ops), "\\1 \\2", msg, perl = TRUE)
-  msg <- paste0(msg, collapse = " ")
-  msg <- gsub("\n ", "\n", msg, fixed = TRUE)
-
-  if (msg_stripped %like% "\u2139 ") {
-    indentation <- 2 + extra_indent
-  } else if (msg_stripped %like% "^=> ") {
-    indentation <- 3 + extra_indent
+  wrapped <- paste0(strwrap(msg, width = width), collapse = "\n")
+  if (grepl("\u2139 ", msg, fixed = TRUE)) {
+    indentation <- 2L + extra_indent
+  } else if (grepl("^=> ", msg)) {
+    indentation <- 3L + extra_indent
  } else {
-    indentation <- 0 + extra_indent
+    indentation <- 0L + extra_indent
  }
-  msg <- gsub("\n", paste0("\n", strrep(" ", indentation)), msg, fixed = TRUE)
-  # remove trailing empty characters
-  msg <- gsub("(\n| )+$", "", msg)
-
-  if (length(add_fn) > 0) {
-    if (!is.list(add_fn)) {
-      add_fn <- list(add_fn)
-    }
-    for (i in seq_len(length(add_fn))) {
-      msg <- add_fn[[i]](msg)
-    }
+  if (indentation > 0L) {
+    wrapped <- gsub("\n", paste0("\n", strrep(" ", indentation)), wrapped, fixed = TRUE)
  }
-
-  # format backticks
-  if (pkg_is_available("cli") &&
-    tryCatch(isTRUE(getExportedValue("ansi_has_hyperlink_support", ns = asNamespace("cli"))()), error = function(e) FALSE) &&
-    tryCatch(getExportedValue("isAvailable", ns = asNamespace("rstudioapi"))(), error = function(e) {
-      return(FALSE)
-    }) &&
-    tryCatch(getExportedValue("versionInfo", ns = asNamespace("rstudioapi"))()$version > "2023.6.0.0", error = function(e) {
-      return(FALSE)
-    })) {
-    # we are in a recent version of RStudio, so do something nice: add links to our help pages in the console.
-    parts <- strsplit(msg, "`", fixed = TRUE)[[1]]
-    cmds <- parts %in% paste0(ls(envir = asNamespace("AMR")), "()")
-    # functions with a dot are not allowed: https://github.com/rstudio/rstudio/issues/11273#issuecomment-1156193252
-    # lead them to the help page of our package
-    parts[cmds & parts %like% "[.]"] <- font_url(
-      url = paste0("ide:help:AMR::", gsub("()", "", parts[cmds & parts %like% "[.]"], fixed = TRUE)),
-      txt = parts[cmds & parts %like% "[.]"]
-    )
-    # otherwise, give a 'click to run' popup
-    parts[cmds & parts %unlike% "[.]"] <- font_url(
-      url = paste0("ide:run:AMR::", parts[cmds & parts %unlike% "[.]"]),
-      txt = parts[cmds & parts %unlike% "[.]"]
-    )
-    # datasets should give help page as well
-    parts[parts %in% c("antimicrobials", "microorganisms", "microorganisms.codes", "microorganisms.groups")] <- font_url(
-      url = paste0("ide:help:AMR::", gsub("()", "", parts[parts %in% c("antimicrobials", "microorganisms", "microorganisms.codes", "microorganisms.groups")], fixed = TRUE)),
-      txt = parts[parts %in% c("antimicrobials", "microorganisms", "microorganisms.codes", "microorganisms.groups")]
-    )
-    # text starting with `?` must also lead to the help page
-    parts[parts %like% "^[?].+"] <- font_url(
-      url = paste0("ide:help:AMR::", gsub("?", "", parts[parts %like% "^[?].+"], fixed = TRUE)),
-      txt = parts[parts %like% "^[?].+"]
-    )
-    msg <- paste0(parts, collapse = "`")
-  }
-  msg <- gsub("`(.+?)`", font_grey_bg("\\1"), msg)
-
-  # clean introduced whitespace in between fullstops
-  msg <- gsub("[.] +[.]", "..", msg)
-  # remove extra space that was introduced (e.g. "Smith et al. , 2022")
-  msg <- gsub(". ,", ".,", msg, fixed = TRUE)
-  msg <- gsub("[ ,", "[,", msg, fixed = TRUE)
-  msg <- gsub("/ /", "//", msg, fixed = TRUE)
-
-  msg
+  gsub("(\n| )+$", "", wrapped)
 }

 message_ <- function(...,
                     appendLF = TRUE,
-                     add_fn = list(font_blue),
                     as_note = TRUE) {
-  message(
-    word_wrap(...,
-      add_fn = add_fn,
-      as_note = as_note
-    ),
-    appendLF = appendLF
-  )
+  if (pkg_is_available("cli", min_version = "3.0.0")) {
+    msg <- paste0(c(...), collapse = "")
+    if (isTRUE(as_note)) {
+      cli::cli_inform(c("i" = msg), .envir = parent.frame())
+    } else {
+      cli::cli_inform(msg, .envir = parent.frame())
+    }
+  } else {
+    plain_msg <- cli_to_plain(paste0(c(...), collapse = ""), envir = parent.frame())
+    message(word_wrap(plain_msg, as_note = as_note), appendLF = appendLF)
+  }
 }

 warning_ <- function(...,
-                     add_fn = list(),
                     immediate = FALSE,
                     call = FALSE) {
-  warning(
-    trimws2(word_wrap(...,
-      add_fn = add_fn,
-      as_note = FALSE
-    )),
-    immediate. = immediate,
-    call. = call
-  )
+  if (pkg_is_available("cli", min_version = "3.0.0")) {
+    msg <- paste0(c(...), collapse = "")
+    cli::cli_warn(msg, .envir = parent.frame())
+  } else {
+    plain_msg <- cli_to_plain(paste0(c(...), collapse = ""), envir = parent.frame())
+    warning(trimws2(word_wrap(plain_msg, as_note = FALSE)), immediate. = immediate, call. = call)
+  }
 }

 # this alternative to the stop() function:
-# - adds the function name where the error was thrown
-# - wraps text to never break lines within words
+# - adds the function name where the error was thrown (plain-text fallback)
+# - wraps text to never break lines within words (plain-text fallback)
 stop_ <- function(..., call = TRUE) {
  msg <- paste0(c(...), collapse = "")
-  msg_call <- ""
-  if (!isFALSE(call)) {
+  if (pkg_is_available("cli", min_version = "3.0.0")) {
    if (isTRUE(call)) {
-      call <- as.character(sys.call(-1)[1])
+      call_obj <- sys.call(-1)
+    } else if (!isFALSE(call)) {
+      call_obj <- sys.call(call)
    } else {
-      # so you can go back more than 1 call, as used in sir_calc(), that now throws a reference to e.g. n_sir()
-      call <- as.character(sys.call(call)[1])
+      call_obj <- NULL
    }
-    msg_call <- paste0("in ", call, "():")
-  }
-  msg <- trimws2(word_wrap(msg, add_fn = list(), as_note = FALSE))
-  if (!is.null(AMR_env$cli_abort) && length(unlist(strsplit(msg, "\n", fixed = TRUE))) <= 1) {
-    if (is.character(call)) {
-      call <- as.call(str2lang(paste0(call, "()")))
-    } else {
-      call <- NULL
-    }
-    AMR_env$cli_abort(msg, call = call)
+    cli::cli_abort(msg, call = call_obj, .envir = parent.frame())
  } else {
-    stop(paste(msg_call, msg), call. = FALSE)
+    msg_call <- ""
+    if (!isFALSE(call)) {
+      if (isTRUE(call)) {
+        call_name <- as.character(sys.call(-1)[1])
+      } else {
+        # go back more than 1 call, as used in sir_calc() to reference e.g. n_sir()
+        call_name <- as.character(sys.call(call)[1])
+      }
+      msg_call <- paste0("in ", call_name, "():")
+    }
+    plain_msg <- cli_to_plain(trimws2(word_wrap(msg, as_note = FALSE)), envir = parent.frame())
+    stop(paste(msg_call, plain_msg), call. = FALSE)
  }
 }

@@ -650,7 +635,7 @@ stop_ifnot <- function(expr, ..., call = TRUE) {

 return_after_integrity_check <- function(value, type, check_vector) {
  if (!all(value[!is.na(value)] %in% check_vector)) {
-    warning_(paste0("invalid ", type, ", NA generated"))
+    warning_("invalid ", type, ", NA generated")
    value[!value %in% check_vector] <- NA
  }
  value
@@ -714,8 +699,12 @@ format_included_data_number <- function(data) {
 vector_or <- function(v, quotes = TRUE, reverse = FALSE, sort = TRUE, initial_captital = FALSE, last_sep = " or ") {
  # makes unique and sorts, and this also removed NAs
  v <- unique(v)
+  has_na <- anyNA(v)
  if (isTRUE(sort)) {
    v <- sort(v)
+    if (has_na) {
+      v <- c(v, NA)
+    }
  }
  if (isTRUE(reverse)) {
    v <- rev(v)
@@ -737,18 +726,25 @@ vector_or <- function(v, quotes = TRUE, reverse = FALSE, sort = TRUE, initial_ca
    # class 'sir' should be sorted like this
    v <- c("S", "I", "R")
  }
-  if (identical(v, c("I", "NI", "R", "S", "SDD"))) {
+  if (identical(v, sort(VALID_SIR_LEVELS))) {
    # class 'sir' should be sorted like this
-    v <- c("S", "SDD", "I", "R", "NI")
+    v <- VALID_SIR_LEVELS
  }
  # oxford comma
  if (last_sep %in% c(" or ", " and ") && length(v) > 2) {
    last_sep <- paste0(",", last_sep)
  }
+  NAs <- which(is.na(v))
+
+  if (is.numeric(v)) {
+    v <- trimws(vapply(FUN.VALUE = character(1), v, format, scientific = FALSE))
+  }
+  quoted <- paste0(quotes, v, quotes)
+  quoted[NAs] <- "NA"
  # all commas except for last item, so will become '"val1", "val2", "val3" or "val4"'
  paste0(
-    paste0(quotes, v[seq_len(length(v) - 1)], quotes, collapse = ", "),
-    last_sep, paste0(quotes, v[length(v)], quotes)
+    paste(quoted[seq_len(length(quoted) - 1)], collapse = ", "),
+    last_sep, quoted[length(quoted)]
  )
 }

@@ -814,7 +810,7 @@ meet_criteria <- function(object, # can be literally `list(...)` for `allow_argu

  # if object is missing, or another error:
  tryCatch(invisible(object),
-    error = function(e) AMR_env$meet_criteria_error_txt <- e$message
+    error = function(e) AMR_env$meet_criteria_error_txt <- conditionMessage(e)
  )
  if (!is.null(AMR_env$meet_criteria_error_txt)) {
    error_txt <- AMR_env$meet_criteria_error_txt
@@ -949,7 +945,7 @@ ascertain_sir_classes <- function(x, obj_name) {
    warning_(
      "the data provided in argument `", obj_name,
      "` should contain at least one column of class 'sir'. Eligible SIR column were now guessed. ",
-      "See `?as.sir`.",
+      "See {.help [{.fun as.sir}](AMR::as.sir)}.",
      immediate = TRUE
    )
    sirs_eligible <- is_sir_eligible(x)
@@ -995,8 +991,13 @@ get_current_data <- function(arg_name, call) {
      # an element `.data` will be in the environment when using dplyr::select()
      return(env$`.data`)
    } else if (valid_df(env$training)) {
-      # an element `training` will be in the environment when using some tidymodels functions such as `prep()`
-      return(env$training)
+      if (!is.null(env$x) && valid_df(env$x$template)) {
+        # an element `x$template` will be in the environment when using some tidymodels functions such as `prep()`
+        return(env$x$template)
+      } else {
+        # this is a fallback for some tidymodels functions such as `prep()`
+        return(env$training)
+      }
    } else if (valid_df(env$data)) {
      # an element `data` will be in the environment when using older dplyr versions, or some tidymodels functions such as `fit()`
      return(env$data)
@@ -1066,24 +1067,8 @@ get_current_column <- function() {

  # cur_column() doesn't always work (only allowed for certain conditions set by dplyr), but it's probably still possible:
  frms <- lapply(sys.frames(), function(env) {
-    if (tryCatch(!is.null(env$i), error = function(e) FALSE)) {
-      if (!is.null(env$tibble_vars)) {
-        # for mutate_if()
-        # TODO remove later, was part of older dplyr versions (at least not in dplyr 1.1.4)
-        env$tibble_vars[env$i]
-      } else {
-        # for mutate(across())
-        if (!is.null(env$data) && is.data.frame(env$data)) {
-          df <- env$data
-        } else {
-          df <- tryCatch(get_current_data(NA, 0), error = function(e) NULL)
-        }
-        if (is.data.frame(df)) {
-          colnames(df)[env$i]
-        } else {
-          env$i
-        }
-      }
+    if (all(c("dots", "i") %in% names(env))) {
+      names(env$dots)[env$i]
    } else {
      NULL
    }
@@ -1137,11 +1122,14 @@ format_custom_query_rule <- function(query, colours = has_colour()) {
  query <- gsub("any\\((.*)\\)$", paste0(font_black("any of "), "\\1"), query)
  query <- gsub("all\\((.*)\\)$", paste0(font_black("all of "), "\\1"), query)
  if (colours == TRUE) {
-    query <- gsub("[\"']R[\"']", font_rose_bg(" R "), query)
-    query <- gsub("[\"']SDD[\"']", font_orange_bg(" SDD "), query)
    query <- gsub("[\"']S[\"']", font_green_bg(" S "), query)
-    query <- gsub("[\"']NI[\"']", font_grey_bg(font_black(" NI ")), query)
+    query <- gsub("[\"']SDD[\"']", font_orange_bg(" SDD "), query)
    query <- gsub("[\"']I[\"']", font_orange_bg(" I "), query)
+    query <- gsub("[\"']R[\"']", font_rose_bg(" R "), query)
+    query <- gsub("[\"']NI[\"']", font_grey_bg(font_black(" NI ")), query)
+    query <- gsub("[\"']WT[\"']", font_green_bg(" SDD "), query)
+    query <- gsub("[\"']NWT[\"']", font_rose_bg(" I "), query)
+    query <- gsub("[\"']NS[\"']", font_rose_bg(" R "), query)
  }
  # replace the black colour 'stops' with blue colour 'starts'
  query <- gsub("\033[39m", "\033[34m", as.character(query), fixed = TRUE)
@@ -1213,6 +1201,13 @@ reset_all_thrown_messages <- function() {
  )
 }

+in_rstudio <- function() {
+  identical(Sys.getenv("RSTUDIO"), "1")
+}
+in_positron <- function() {
+  identical(Sys.getenv("POSITRON"), "1")
+}
+
 has_colour <- function() {
  if (is.null(AMR_env$supports_colour)) {
    if (Sys.getenv("EMACS") != "" || Sys.getenv("INSIDE_EMACS") != "") {
@@ -1244,8 +1239,14 @@ try_colour <- function(..., before, after, collapse = " ") {
  }
 }
 is_dark <- function() {
-  if (is.null(AMR_env$is_dark_theme)) {
-    AMR_env$is_dark_theme <- !has_colour() || tryCatch(isTRUE(getExportedValue("getThemeInfo", ns = asNamespace("rstudioapi"))()$dark), error = function(e) FALSE)
+  AMR_env$current_theme <- NULL
+  current_theme_fn <- import_fn("getThemeInfo", "rstudioapi", error_on_fail = FALSE)
+  if (!is.null(current_theme_fn)) {
+    AMR_env$current_theme <- current_theme_fn()$editor
+  }
+  if (!identical(AMR_env$current_theme, AMR_env$former_theme) || is.null(AMR_env$is_dark_theme)) {
+    AMR_env$former_theme <- AMR_env$current_theme
+    AMR_env$is_dark_theme <- !has_colour() || tryCatch(isTRUE(current_theme_fn()$dark), error = function(e) TRUE)
  }
  isTRUE(AMR_env$is_dark_theme)
 }
@@ -1317,6 +1318,10 @@ font_green_bg <- function(..., collapse = " ") {
  # this is #3caea3 (picked to be colourblind-safe with other SIR colours)
  try_colour(font_black(..., collapse = collapse, adapt = FALSE), before = "\033[48;5;79m", after = "\033[49m", collapse = collapse)
 }
+font_green_lighter_bg <- function(..., collapse = " ") {
+  # this is #8FD6C4 (picked to be colourblind-safe with other SIR colours)
+  try_colour(font_black(..., collapse = collapse, adapt = FALSE), before = "\033[48;5;158m", after = "\033[49m", collapse = collapse)
+}
 font_purple_bg <- function(..., collapse = " ") {
  try_colour(font_black(..., collapse = collapse, adapt = FALSE), before = "\033[48;5;89m", after = "\033[49m", collapse = collapse)
 }
@@ -1634,6 +1639,36 @@ get_n_cores <- function(max_cores = Inf) {
  n_cores
 }

+# Support `where()` if tidyselect not installed ----
+if (!is.null(import_fn("where", "tidyselect", error_on_fail = FALSE))) {
+  # tidyselect::where() exists, retrieve from their namespace to make `where()`s work across the package in default arguments
+  where <- tidyselect::where
+} else {
+  where <- function(fn) {
+    # based on https://github.com/nathaneastwood/poorman/blob/52eb6947e0b4430cd588976ed8820013eddf955f/R/where.R#L17-L32
+    if (!is.function(fn)) {
+      stop_("`", deparse(substitute(fn)), "()` is not a valid predicate function.")
+    }
+    df <- pm_select_env$.data
+    cols <- pm_select_env$get_colnames()
+    if (is.null(df)) {
+      df <- get_current_data("where", call = FALSE)
+      cols <- colnames(df)
+    }
+    preds <- unlist(lapply(
+      df,
+      function(x, fn) {
+        do.call("fn", list(x))
+      },
+      fn
+    ))
+    if (!is.logical(preds)) stop_("`where()` must be used with functions that return `TRUE` or `FALSE`.")
+    data_cols <- cols
+    cols <- data_cols[preds]
+    which(data_cols %in% cols)
+  }
+}
+
 # Faster data.table implementations ----

 match <- function(x, table, ...) {
@@ -1653,52 +1688,6 @@ match <- function(x, table, ...) {
  }
 }

-# nolint start
-
-# Register S3 methods ----
-# copied from vctrs::s3_register by their permission:
-# https://github.com/r-lib/vctrs/blob/05968ce8e669f73213e3e894b5f4424af4f46316/R/register-s3.R
-s3_register <- function(generic, class, method = NULL) {
-  stopifnot(is.character(generic), length(generic) == 1)
-  stopifnot(is.character(class), length(class) == 1)
-  pieces <- strsplit(generic, "::")[[1]]
-  stopifnot(length(pieces) == 2)
-  package <- pieces[[1]]
-  generic <- pieces[[2]]
-  caller <- parent.frame()
-  get_method_env <- function() {
-    top <- topenv(caller)
-    if (isNamespace(top)) {
-      asNamespace(environmentName(top))
-    } else {
-      caller
-    }
-  }
-  get_method <- function(method, env) {
-    if (is.null(method)) {
-      get(paste0(generic, ".", class), envir = get_method_env())
-    } else {
-      method
-    }
-  }
-  method_fn <- get_method(method)
-  stopifnot(is.function(method_fn))
-  setHook(packageEvent(package, "onLoad"), function(...) {
-    ns <- asNamespace(package)
-    method_fn <- get_method(method)
-    registerS3method(generic, class, method_fn, envir = ns)
-  })
-  if (!isNamespaceLoaded(package)) {
-    return(invisible())
-  }
-  envir <- asNamespace(package)
-  if (exists(generic, envir)) {
-    registerS3method(generic, class, method_fn, envir = envir)
-  }
-  invisible()
-}
-
-
 # Support old R versions ----
 # these functions were not available in previous versions of R
 # see here for the full list: https://github.com/r-lib/backports
@@ -952,7 +952,19 @@ pm_select_env$get_nrow <- function() nrow(pm_select_env$.data)
 pm_select_env$get_ncol <- function() ncol(pm_select_env$.data)

 pm_select <- function(.data, ...) {
-  col_pos <- pm_select_positions(.data, ..., .group_pos = TRUE)
+  # col_pos <- pm_select_positions(.data, ..., .group_pos = TRUE),
+  col_pos <- tryCatch(pm_select_positions(.data, ..., .group_pos = TRUE), error = function(e) NULL)
+  if (is.null(col_pos)) {
+    # try with tidyverse
+    select_dplyr <- import_fn("select", "dplyr", error_on_fail = FALSE)
+    if (!is.null(select_dplyr)) {
+      col_pos <- which(colnames(.data) %in% colnames(select_dplyr(.data, ...)))
+    } else {
+      # this will throw an error as it did, but dplyr is not available, so no other option
+      col_pos <- pm_select_positions(.data, ..., .group_pos = TRUE)
+    }
+  }
+
  map_names <- names(col_pos)
  map_names_length <- nchar(map_names)
  if (any(map_names_length == 0L)) {
@@ -29,15 +29,27 @@

 #' Options for the AMR package
 #'
-#' This is an overview of all the package-specific [options()] you can set in the `AMR` package.
-#' @section Options:
+#' @description
+#' This is an overview of all the package-specific options you can set in the `AMR` package. Set them using the [options()] function, e.g.:
+#'
+#' `options(AMR_guideline = "CLSI")`
+#' @section Options (alphabetical order):
 #' * `AMR_antibiogram_formatting_type` \cr A [numeric] (1-22) to use in [antibiogram()], to indicate which formatting type to use.
 #' * `AMR_breakpoint_type` \cr A [character] to use in [as.sir()], to indicate which breakpoint type to use. This must be either `r vector_or(clinical_breakpoints$type)`.
-#' * `AMR_capped_mic_handling` \cr A [character] to use in [as.sir()], to indicate how capped MIC values (`<`, `<=`, `>`, `>=`) should be interpreted. Must be one of `"standard"`, `"strict"`, `"relaxed"`, or `"inverse"` - the default is `"standard"`.
+#' * `AMR_capped_mic_handling` \cr A [character] to use in [as.sir()], to indicate how capped MIC values (`<`, `<=`, `>`, `>=`) should be interpreted. Must be one of `"none"`, `"conservative"`, `"standard"`, or `"lenient"` - the default is `"conservative"`.
 #' * `AMR_cleaning_regex` \cr A [regular expression][base::regex] (case-insensitive) to use in [as.mo()] and all [`mo_*`][mo_property()] functions, to clean the user input. The default is the outcome of [mo_cleaning_regex()], which removes texts between brackets and texts such as "species" and "serovar".
 #' * `AMR_custom_ab` \cr A file location to an RDS file, to use custom antimicrobial drugs with this package. This is explained in [add_custom_antimicrobials()].
 #' * `AMR_custom_mo` \cr A file location to an RDS file, to use custom microorganisms with this package. This is explained in [add_custom_microorganisms()].
 #' * `AMR_eucastrules` \cr A [character] to set the default types of rules for [eucast_rules()] function, must be one or more of: `"breakpoints"`, `"expert"`, `"other"`, `"custom"`, `"all"`, and defaults to `c("breakpoints", "expert")`.
+#' * `AMR_guideline` \cr A [character] to set the default guideline used throughout the `AMR` package wherever a `guideline` argument is available. This option is used as the default in e.g. [as.sir()], [resistance()], [susceptibility()], [interpretive_rules()] and many plotting functions. **While unset**, the AMR package uses the latest implemented EUCAST guideline (currently `r AMR::clinical_breakpoints$guideline[1]`).
+#'
+#'   - For [as.sir()], this determines which clinical breakpoint guideline is used to interpret MIC values and disk diffusion diameters. It can be either the guideline name (e.g., `"CLSI"` or `"EUCAST"`) or the name including a year (e.g., `"CLSI 2019"`). Supported guidelines are EUCAST `r min(as.integer(gsub("[^0-9]", "", subset(clinical_breakpoints, guideline %like% "EUCAST")$guideline)))` to `r max(as.integer(gsub("[^0-9]", "", subset(clinical_breakpoints, guideline %like% "EUCAST")$guideline)))`, and CLSI `r min(as.integer(gsub("[^0-9]", "", subset(clinical_breakpoints, guideline %like% "CLSI")$guideline)))` to `r max(as.integer(gsub("[^0-9]", "", subset(clinical_breakpoints, guideline %like% "CLSI")$guideline)))`.
+#'
+#'   - For [resistance()] and [susceptibility()], this setting determines how the `"I"` (Intermediate / Increased exposure) category is handled in calculations. Under CLSI, `"I"` is considered *resistant* in susceptibility calculations; under EUCAST, `"I"` is considered *susceptible* in susceptibility calculations. Explicitly setting this option ensures reproducible AMR proportion estimates.
+#'
+#'   - For [interpretive_rules()], this determines which guideline-specific interpretive (expert) rules are applied to antimicrobial test results, either EUCAST or CLSI.
+#'
+#'   - For many plotting functions (e.g., for MIC or disk diffusion values), supplying `mo` and `ab` enables automatic SIR-based interpretative colouring. These colours are derived from [as.sir()] in the background and therefore depend on the active `guideline` setting, which again uses `r AMR::clinical_breakpoints$guideline[1]` if not set explicitly.
 #' * `AMR_guideline` \cr A [character] to set the default guideline for interpreting MIC values and disk diffusion diameters with [as.sir()]. Can be only the guideline name (e.g., `"CLSI"`) or the name with a year (e.g. `"CLSI 2019"`). The default to the latest implemented EUCAST guideline, currently \code{"`r clinical_breakpoints$guideline[1]`"}. Supported guideline are currently EUCAST (`r min(as.integer(gsub("[^0-9]", "", subset(clinical_breakpoints, guideline %like% "EUCAST")$guideline)))`-`r max(as.integer(gsub("[^0-9]", "", subset(clinical_breakpoints, guideline %like% "EUCAST")$guideline)))`) and CLSI (`r min(as.integer(gsub("[^0-9]", "", subset(clinical_breakpoints, guideline %like% "CLSI")$guideline)))`-`r max(as.integer(gsub("[^0-9]", "", subset(clinical_breakpoints, guideline %like% "CLSI")$guideline)))`).
 #' * `AMR_ignore_pattern` \cr A [regular expression][base::regex] to ignore (i.e., make `NA`) any match given in [as.mo()] and all [`mo_*`][mo_property()] functions.
 #' * `AMR_include_PKPD` \cr A [logical] to use in [as.sir()], to indicate that PK/PD clinical breakpoints must be applied as a last resort - the default is `TRUE`.
@@ -63,9 +75,9 @@
 #'
 #' ...to add Portuguese language support of antimicrobials, and allow PK/PD rules when interpreting MIC values with [as.sir()].
 #'
-#' ### Share Options Within Team
+#' ## Share Options Within Team
 #'
-#' For a more global approach, e.g. within a (data) team, save an options file to a remote file location, such as a shared network drive, and have each user read in this file automatically at start-up. This would work in this way:
+#' For a more collaborative approach, e.g. within a (data) team, save an options file to a remote file location, such as a shared network drive, and have each user read in this file automatically at start-up. This would work in this way:
 #'
 #' 1. Save a plain text file to e.g. "X:/team_folder/R_options.R" and fill it with preferred settings.
 #'
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@
 #' @section Source:
 #' World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology: \url{https://atcddd.fhi.no/atc_ddd_index/}
 #'
-#' European Commission Public Health PHARMACEUTICALS - COMMUNITY REGISTER: \url{https://ec.europa.eu/health/documents/community-register/html/reg_hum_atc.htm}
+#' European Commission Public Health PHARMACEUTICALS - COMMUNITY REGISTER: \url{https://health.ec.europa.eu/documents/community-register/html/reg_hum_atc.htm}
 #' @aliases ab
 #' @return A [character] [vector] with additional class [`ab`]
 #' @seealso
@@ -119,7 +119,14 @@ as.ab <- function(x, flag_multiple_results = TRUE, language = get_AMR_locale(),
  x[x %like_case% "^PENICILLIN" & x %unlike_case% "[ /+-]"] <- "benzylpenicillin"
  x_bak_clean <- x
  if (already_regex == FALSE) {
+    x_bak_clean_before_gen <- x_bak_clean
    x_bak_clean <- generalise_antibiotic_name(x_bak_clean)
+    # generalise_antibiotic_name() rewrites "PH"->"F" and "TH"->"T", which
+    # mangles short valid AB codes (e.g. "ETH"->"ET", "PHN"->"FN", "STH"->"ST")
+    # making them unrecognisable in the lookup. Restore any values that were
+    # already valid AB codes before generalisation (#245).
+    is_valid_ab_code <- x_bak_clean_before_gen %in% AMR_env$AB_lookup$ab
+    x_bak_clean[is_valid_ab_code] <- x_bak_clean_before_gen[is_valid_ab_code]
  }

  x <- unique(x_bak_clean) # this means that every x is in fact generalise_antibiotic_name(x)
@@ -184,7 +191,8 @@ as.ab <- function(x, flag_multiple_results = TRUE, language = get_AMR_locale(),
  x_new[known_codes_cid] <- AMR_env$AB_lookup$ab[match(x[known_codes_cid], AMR_env$AB_lookup$cid)]
  previously_coerced <- x %in% AMR_env$ab_previously_coerced$x
  x_new[previously_coerced & is.na(x_new)] <- AMR_env$ab_previously_coerced$ab[match(x[is.na(x_new) & x %in% AMR_env$ab_previously_coerced$x], AMR_env$ab_previously_coerced$x)]
-  if (any(previously_coerced) && isTRUE(info) && message_not_thrown_before("as.ab", entire_session = TRUE)) {
+  previously_coerced_mention <- x %in% AMR_env$ab_previously_coerced$x & !x %in% AMR_env$AB_lookup$ab & !x %in% AMR_env$AB_lookup$generalised_name
+  if (any(previously_coerced_mention) && isTRUE(info) && message_not_thrown_before("as.ab", entire_session = TRUE)) {
    message_(
      "Returning previously coerced ",
      ifelse(length(unique(which(x[which(previously_coerced)] %in% x_bak_clean))) > 1, "value for an antimicrobial", "values for various antimicrobials"),
@@ -201,6 +209,9 @@ as.ab <- function(x, flag_multiple_results = TRUE, language = get_AMR_locale(),
  if (sum(already_known) < length(x)) {
    progress <- progress_ticker(n = sum(!already_known), n_min = 25, print = info) # start if n >= 25
    on.exit(close(progress))
+    if (any(x_new[!already_known & !is.na(x_new)] %in% unlist(AMR_env$AV_lookup$generalised_all, use.names = FALSE), na.rm = TRUE)) {
+      warning_("in {.help [{.fun as.ab}](AMR::as.ab)}: some input seems to resemble antiviral drugs - use {.help [{.fun as.av}](AMR::as.av)} or e.g. {.help [{.fun av_name}](AMR::av_name)} for these, not {.help [{.fun as.ab}](AMR::as.ab)} or e.g. {.help [{.fun ab_name}](AMR::ab_name)}.")
+    }
  }

  for (i in which(!already_known)) {
@@ -447,7 +458,7 @@ as.ab <- function(x, flag_multiple_results = TRUE, language = get_AMR_locale(),
  x_unknown <- x_unknown[!x_unknown %in% c("", NA)]
  if (length(x_unknown) > 0 && fast_mode == FALSE) {
    warning_(
-      "in `as.ab()`: these values could not be coerced to a valid antimicrobial ID: ",
+      "in `as.ab()`: ", ifelse(length(unique(x_unknown)) == 1, "this value", "these values"), " could not be coerced to a valid antimicrobial ID: ",
      vector_and(x_unknown), "."
    )
  }
@@ -503,6 +514,14 @@ ab_reset_session <- function() {
  }
 }

+#' @rdname as.ab
+#' @details `NA_ab_` is a missing value of the new `ab` class, analogous to e.g. base \R's [`NA_character_`][base::NA].
+#' @format NULL
+#' @export
+NA_ab_ <- set_clean_class(NA_character_,
+  new_class = c("ab", "character")
+)
+
 # this prevents the requirement for putting the dependency in Imports:
 #' @rawNamespace if(getRversion() >= "3.0.0") S3method(pillar::pillar_shaft, ab)
 pillar_shaft.ab <- function(x, ...) {
@@ -510,7 +529,7 @@ pillar_shaft.ab <- function(x, ...) {
  out[is.na(x)] <- font_na(NA)

  # add the names to the drugs as mouse-over!
-  if (tryCatch(isTRUE(getExportedValue("ansi_has_hyperlink_support", ns = asNamespace("cli"))()), error = function(e) FALSE)) {
+  if (in_rstudio()) {
    out[!is.na(x)] <- font_url(
      url = paste0(x[!is.na(x)], ": ", ab_name(x[!is.na(x)])),
      txt = out[!is.na(x)]
@@ -626,6 +645,20 @@ rep.ab <- function(x, ...) {
  out
 }

+# this prevents the requirement for putting the dependency in Imports:
+#' @rawNamespace if(getRversion() >= "3.0.0") S3method(skimr::get_skimmers, ab)
+get_skimmers.ab <- function(column) {
+  ab <- as.ab(column, info = FALSE)
+  ab <- ab[!is.na(ab)]
+  skimr::sfl(
+    skim_type = "ab",
+    n_unique = ~ length(unique(ab)),
+    top_ab = ~ names(sort(-table(ab)))[1L],
+    top_ab_name = ~ names(sort(-table(ab_name(ab, info = FALSE))))[1L],
+    top_group = ~ names(sort(-table(ab_group(ab, info = FALSE))))[1L]
+  )
+}
+
 generalise_antibiotic_name <- function(x) {
  x <- toupper(x)
  # remove suffices
@@ -655,7 +688,9 @@ generalise_antibiotic_name <- function(x) {
  x <- trimws(gsub(" +", " ", x, perl = TRUE))
  # remove last couple of words if they numbers or units
  x <- gsub("( ([0-9]{3,}|U?M?C?G|L))+$", "", x, perl = TRUE)
-  # move HIGH to end
+  # remove whitespace prior to numbers if preceded by A-Z
+  x <- gsub("([A-Z]+) +([0-9]+)", "\\1\\2", x, perl = TRUE)
+  # move HIGH to the end
  x <- trimws(gsub("(.*) HIGH(.*)", "\\1\\2 HIGH", x, perl = TRUE))
  x
 }
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ ab_from_text <- function(text,
      }
    })
  } else {
-    stop_("`type` must be either 'drug', 'dose' or 'administration'")
+    stop_("{.arg type} must be either 'drug', 'dose' or 'administration'")
  }

  # collapse text if needed
@@ -65,6 +65,7 @@
 #' ab_synonyms("AMX")
 #' ab_tradenames("AMX")
 #' ab_group("AMX")
+#' ab_group("AMX", all_groups = TRUE) # most specific to most general
 #' ab_atc_group1("AMX")
 #' ab_atc_group2("AMX")
 #' ab_url("AMX")
@@ -163,11 +164,32 @@ ab_tradenames <- function(x, ...) {
 }

 #' @rdname ab_property
+#' @param all_groups A [logical] to indicate whether all antimicrobial groups must be return as a vector for each input value. For example, an antibiotic in the "aminopenicillins" group, is also in the "penicillins" and "beta-lactams" groups. Setting `all_groups = TRUE` would return all three for such an antibiotic, while `all_groups = FALSE` (default) only returns the most specific group name.
 #' @export
-ab_group <- function(x, language = get_AMR_locale(), ...) {
+ab_group <- function(x, language = get_AMR_locale(), all_groups = FALSE, ...) {
  meet_criteria(x, allow_NA = TRUE)
  language <- validate_language(language)
-  translate_into_language(ab_validate(x = x, property = "group", ...), language = language, only_affect_ab_names = TRUE)
+  meet_criteria(all_groups, allow_class = "logical", has_length = 1)
+
+  grps <- ab_validate(x = x, property = "group", ...)
+  for (i in seq_along(grps)) {
+    if (is.null(grps[[i]]) || all(is.na(grps[[i]]))) {
+      grps[[i]] <- NA_character_
+    }
+    if (all_groups == FALSE) {
+      # take the first match based on ABX_PRIORITY_LIST
+      grps[[i]] <- grps[[i]][1]
+    }
+    if (language != "en") {
+      grps[[i]] <- translate_into_language(grps[[i]], language = language, only_affect_ab_names = TRUE)
+    }
+  }
+  names(grps) <- x
+  if (length(grps) == 1 || all_groups == FALSE) {
+    unname(unlist(grps))
+  } else {
+    grps
+  }
 }

 #' @rdname ab_property
@@ -282,7 +304,7 @@ ab_info <- function(x, language = get_AMR_locale(), ...) {
    ab = as.character(x),
    cid = ab_cid(x),
    name = ab_name(x, language = language),
-    group = ab_group(x, language = language),
+    group = ab_group(x, language = language, all_groups = TRUE),
    atc = ab_atc(x),
    atc_group1 = ab_atc_group1(x, language = language),
    atc_group2 = ab_atc_group2(x, language = language),
@@ -445,7 +467,7 @@ ab_validate <- function(x, property, ...) {
    # try to catch an error when inputting an invalid argument
    # so the 'call.' can be set to FALSE
    tryCatch(x[1L] %in% AMR_env$AB_lookup[1, property, drop = TRUE],
-      error = function(e) stop(e$message, call. = FALSE)
+      error = function(e) stop(conditionMessage(e), call. = FALSE)
    )

    if (!all(x %in% AMR_env$AB_lookup[, property, drop = TRUE])) {
@@ -128,9 +128,10 @@ age <- function(x, reference = Sys.Date(), exact = FALSE, na.rm = FALSE, ...) {

 #' Split Ages into Age Groups
 #'
-#' Split ages into age groups defined by the `split` argument. This allows for easier demographic (antimicrobial resistance) analysis.
+#' Split ages into age groups defined by the `split` argument. This allows for easier demographic (antimicrobial resistance) analysis. The function returns an ordered [factor].
 #' @param x Age, e.g. calculated with [age()].
 #' @param split_at Values to split `x` at - the default is age groups 0-11, 12-24, 25-54, 55-74 and 75+. See *Details*.
+#' @param names Optional names to be given to the various age groups.
 #' @param na.rm A [logical] to indicate whether missing values should be removed.
 #' @details To split ages, the input for the `split_at` argument can be:
 #'
@@ -152,6 +153,7 @@ age <- function(x, reference = Sys.Date(), exact = FALSE, na.rm = FALSE, ...) {
 #'
 #' # split into 0-19, 20-49 and 50+
 #' age_groups(ages, c(20, 50))
+#' age_groups(ages, c(20, 50), names = c("Under 20 years", "20 to 50 years", "Over 50 years"))
 #'
 #' # split into groups of ten years
 #' age_groups(ages, 1:10 * 10)
@@ -181,9 +183,10 @@ age <- function(x, reference = Sys.Date(), exact = FALSE, na.rm = FALSE, ...) {
 #'     )
 #' }
 #' }
-age_groups <- function(x, split_at = c(12, 25, 55, 75), na.rm = FALSE) {
+age_groups <- function(x, split_at = c(0, 12, 25, 55, 75), names = NULL, na.rm = FALSE) {
  meet_criteria(x, allow_class = c("numeric", "integer"), is_positive_or_zero = TRUE, is_finite = TRUE)
  meet_criteria(split_at, allow_class = c("numeric", "integer", "character"), is_positive_or_zero = TRUE, is_finite = TRUE)
+  meet_criteria(names, allow_class = "character", allow_NULL = TRUE)
  meet_criteria(na.rm, allow_class = "logical", has_length = 1)

  if (any(x < 0, na.rm = TRUE)) {
@@ -208,7 +211,7 @@ age_groups <- function(x, split_at = c(12, 25, 55, 75), na.rm = FALSE) {
    split_at <- c(0, split_at)
  }
  split_at <- split_at[!is.na(split_at)]
-  stop_if(length(split_at) == 1, "invalid value for `split_at`") # only 0 is available
+  stop_if(length(split_at) == 1, "invalid value for `split_at`.") # only 0 is available

  # turn input values to 'split_at' indices
  y <- x
@@ -224,6 +227,11 @@ age_groups <- function(x, split_at = c(12, 25, 55, 75), na.rm = FALSE) {

  agegroups <- factor(lbls[y], levels = lbls, ordered = TRUE)

+  if (!is.null(names)) {
+    stop_ifnot(length(names) == length(levels(agegroups)), "`names` must have the same length as the number of age groups (", length(levels(agegroups)), ").")
+    levels(agegroups) <- names
+  }
+
  if (isTRUE(na.rm)) {
    agegroups <- agegroups[!is.na(agegroups)]
  }
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+# ==================================================================== #
+# TITLE:                                                               #
+# AMR: An R Package for Working with Antimicrobial Resistance Data     #
+#                                                                      #
+# SOURCE CODE:                                                         #
+# https://github.com/msberends/AMR                                     #
+#                                                                      #
+# PLEASE CITE THIS SOFTWARE AS:                                        #
+# Berends MS, Luz CF, Friedrich AW, et al. (2022).                     #
+# AMR: An R Package for Working with Antimicrobial Resistance Data.    #
+# Journal of Statistical Software, 104(3), 1-31.                       #
+# https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v104.i03                                #
+#                                                                      #
+# Developed at the University of Groningen and the University Medical  #
+# Center Groningen in The Netherlands, in collaboration with many      #
+# colleagues from around the world, see our website.                   #
+#                                                                      #
+# This R package is free software; you can freely use and distribute   #
+# it for both personal and commercial purposes under the terms of the  #
+# GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GNU GPL-2), as published by  #
+# the Free Software Foundation.                                        #
+# We created this package for both routine data analysis and academic  #
+# research and it was publicly released in the hope that it will be    #
+# useful, but it comes WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OR LIABILITY.              #
+#                                                                      #
+# Visit our website for the full manual and a complete tutorial about  #
+# how to conduct AMR data analysis: https://amr-for-r.org              #
+# ==================================================================== #
+
+#' Download and Unpack an AMR Course Repository
+#'
+#' Downloads and unpacks a GitHub repository containing course materials, using [usethis::use_course()]. This is a convenience wrapper intended for use in educational settings, such as workshops or tutorials associated with the AMR package.
+#' @param github_repo A character string specifying the GitHub repository with username and repo name, e.g. `"https://github.com/username/repo"`.
+#' @param branch A character string specifying the branch to download. Defaults to `"main"`.
+#' @param ... Additional arguments passed on to [usethis::use_course()].
+#' @details
+#' This function constructs a ZIP archive URL from the provided `github_repo` and `branch`, then delegates to [usethis::use_course()] to handle the download and extraction.
+#'
+#' The function is designed for interactive use in course or workshop settings and is not intended for use in non-interactive or automated pipelines.
+#' @return
+#' Called for its side effect. [usethis::use_course()] will prompt the user to choose a destination and open the extracted project. Returns invisibly whatever [usethis::use_course()] returns.
+#' @seealso [usethis::use_course()]
+#' @export
+#' @examples
+#' \dontrun{
+#'
+#' # Let this run by users, e.g., webinar participants
+#' amr_course("https://github.com/my_user_name/our_AMR_course")
+#' }
+amr_course <- function(github_repo, branch = "main", ...) {
+  if (!"usethis" %in% rownames(utils::installed.packages())) {
+    if ("rlang" %in% rownames(utils::installed.packages())) {
+      rlang::check_installed("usethis")
+    } else {
+      stop("Package usethis is not installed. Please run: install.packages(\"usethis\")", call. = FALSE)
+    }
+  }
+  url <- paste0(github_repo, "/archive/refs/heads/", branch, ".zip")
+  use_course <- import_fn("use_course", "usethis")
+  message("This will download and unpack the contents of a repository.\n")
+  use_course(url, ...)
+}
@@ -352,6 +352,14 @@ glycopeptides <- function(only_sir_columns = FALSE, return_all = TRUE, ...) {
  amr_select_exec("glycopeptides", only_sir_columns = only_sir_columns, return_all = return_all)
 }

+#' @rdname antimicrobial_selectors
+#' @export
+ionophores <- function(only_sir_columns = FALSE, return_all = TRUE, ...) {
+  meet_criteria(only_sir_columns, allow_class = "logical", has_length = 1)
+  meet_criteria(return_all, allow_class = "logical", has_length = 1)
+  amr_select_exec("ionophores", only_sir_columns = only_sir_columns, return_all = return_all)
+}
+
 #' @rdname antimicrobial_selectors
 #' @export
 isoxazolylpenicillins <- function(only_sir_columns = FALSE, only_treatable = TRUE, return_all = TRUE, ...) {
@@ -417,6 +425,14 @@ penicillins <- function(only_sir_columns = FALSE, return_all = TRUE, ...) {
  amr_select_exec("penicillins", only_sir_columns = only_sir_columns, return_all = return_all)
 }

+#' @rdname antimicrobial_selectors
+#' @export
+peptides <- function(only_sir_columns = FALSE, return_all = TRUE, ...) {
+  meet_criteria(only_sir_columns, allow_class = "logical", has_length = 1)
+  meet_criteria(return_all, allow_class = "logical", has_length = 1)
+  amr_select_exec("peptides", only_sir_columns = only_sir_columns, return_all = return_all)
+}
+
 #' @rdname antimicrobial_selectors
 #' @export
 phenicols <- function(only_sir_columns = FALSE, return_all = TRUE, ...) {
@@ -425,6 +441,14 @@ phenicols <- function(only_sir_columns = FALSE, return_all = TRUE, ...) {
  amr_select_exec("phenicols", only_sir_columns = only_sir_columns, return_all = return_all)
 }

+#' @rdname antimicrobial_selectors
+#' @export
+phosphonics <- function(only_sir_columns = FALSE, return_all = TRUE, ...) {
+  meet_criteria(only_sir_columns, allow_class = "logical", has_length = 1)
+  meet_criteria(return_all, allow_class = "logical", has_length = 1)
+  amr_select_exec("phosphonics", only_sir_columns = only_sir_columns, return_all = return_all)
+}
+
 #' @rdname antimicrobial_selectors
 #' @export
 polymyxins <- function(only_sir_columns = FALSE, only_treatable = TRUE, return_all = TRUE, ...) {
@@ -450,6 +474,14 @@ rifamycins <- function(only_sir_columns = FALSE, return_all = TRUE, ...) {
  amr_select_exec("rifamycins", only_sir_columns = only_sir_columns, return_all = return_all)
 }

+#' @rdname antimicrobial_selectors
+#' @export
+spiropyrimidinetriones <- function(only_sir_columns = FALSE, return_all = TRUE, ...) {
+  meet_criteria(only_sir_columns, allow_class = "logical", has_length = 1)
+  meet_criteria(return_all, allow_class = "logical", has_length = 1)
+  amr_select_exec("spiropyrimidinetriones", only_sir_columns = only_sir_columns, return_all = return_all)
+}
+
 #' @rdname antimicrobial_selectors
 #' @export
 streptogramins <- function(only_sir_columns = FALSE, return_all = TRUE, ...) {
@@ -527,7 +559,7 @@ amr_selector <- function(filter,
  )
  call <- substitute(filter)
  agents <- tryCatch(AMR_env$AB_lookup[which(eval(call, envir = AMR_env$AB_lookup)), "ab", drop = TRUE],
-    error = function(e) stop_(e$message, call = -5)
+    error = function(e) stop_(conditionMessage(e), call = -5)
  )
  agents <- ab_in_data[ab_in_data %in% agents]
  message_agent_names(
@@ -640,7 +672,7 @@ not_intrinsic_resistant <- function(only_sir_columns = FALSE, col_mo = NULL, ver
        )
      }
    ),
-    error = function(e) stop_("in not_intrinsic_resistant(): ", e$message, call = FALSE)
+    error = function(e) stop_("in not_intrinsic_resistant(): ", conditionMessage(e), call = FALSE)
  )

  agents <- ab_in_data[ab_in_data %in% names(vars_df_R[which(vars_df_R)])]
@@ -685,7 +717,7 @@ amr_select_exec <- function(function_name,
  }

  # untreatable drugs
-  untreatable <- AMR_env$AB_lookup$ab[which(AMR_env$AB_lookup$name %like% "(-high|EDTA|polysorbate|macromethod|screening|nacubactam)")]
+  untreatable <- AMR_env$AB_lookup$ab[which(AMR_env$AB_lookup$name %like% "(-high|EDTA|polysorbate|macromethod|screening|nacubactam|inducible)")]
  if (!is.null(vars_df) && only_treatable == TRUE) {
    if (any(untreatable %in% names(ab_in_data))) {
      if (message_not_thrown_before(function_name, "amr_class", "untreatable")) {
@@ -713,9 +745,9 @@ amr_select_exec <- function(function_name,
  if (is.null(amr_class_args) || isTRUE(function_name %in% c("antifungals", "antimycobacterials"))) {
    ab_group <- NULL
    if (isTRUE(function_name == "antifungals")) {
-      abx <- AMR_env$AB_lookup$ab[which(AMR_env$AB_lookup$group == "Antifungals")]
+      abx <- AMR_env$AB_lookup$ab[which(vapply(FUN.VALUE = logical(1), AMR_env$AB_lookup$group, function(x) "Antifungals" %in% x))]
    } else if (isTRUE(function_name == "antimycobacterials")) {
-      abx <- AMR_env$AB_lookup$ab[which(AMR_env$AB_lookup$group == "Antimycobacterials")]
+      abx <- AMR_env$AB_lookup$ab[which(vapply(FUN.VALUE = logical(1), AMR_env$AB_lookup$group, function(x) "Antimycobacterials" %in% x))]
    } else {
      # their upper case equivalent are vectors with class 'ab', created in data-raw/_pre_commit_checks.R
      # carbapenems() gets its codes from AMR:::AB_CARBAPENEMS
@@ -723,7 +755,11 @@ amr_select_exec <- function(function_name,
      # manually added codes from add_custom_antimicrobials() must also be supported
      if (length(AMR_env$custom_ab_codes) > 0) {
        custom_ab <- AMR_env$AB_lookup[which(AMR_env$AB_lookup$ab %in% AMR_env$custom_ab_codes), ]
-        check_string <- paste0(custom_ab$group, custom_ab$atc_group1, custom_ab$atc_group2)
+        check_string <- paste0(
+          vapply(FUN.VALUE = character(1), custom_ab$group, function(x) paste(x, collapse = " ")),
+          custom_ab$atc_group1,
+          custom_ab$atc_group2
+        )
        if (function_name == "betalactams") {
          find_group <- "beta[-]?lactams"
        } else if (function_name %like% "cephalosporins_") {
@@ -801,7 +837,7 @@ amr_select_exec <- function(function_name,
 #' @export
 #' @noRd
 print.amr_selector <- function(x, ...) {
-  warning_("It should never be needed to print an antimicrobial selector class. Are you using data.table? Then add the argument `with = FALSE`, see our examples at `?amr_selector`.",
+  warning_("It should never be needed to print an antimicrobial selector class. Are you using {.pkg data.table}? Then add the argument {.code with = FALSE}, see our examples at {.help [{.fun amr_selector}](AMR::amr_selector)}.",
    immediate = TRUE
  )
  cat("Class 'amr_selector'\n")
@@ -819,10 +855,10 @@ c.amr_selector <- function(...) {

 all_any_amr_selector <- function(type, ..., na.rm = TRUE) {
  cols_ab <- c(...)
-  result <- cols_ab[toupper(cols_ab) %in% c("S", "SDD", "I", "R", "NI")]
+  result <- cols_ab[toupper(cols_ab) %in% VALID_SIR_LEVELS]
  if (length(result) == 0) {
    message_("Filtering ", type, " of columns ", vector_and(font_bold(cols_ab, collapse = NULL), quotes = "'"), ' to contain value "S", "I" or "R"')
-    result <- c("S", "SDD", "I", "R", "NI")
+    result <- VALID_SIR_LEVELS
  }
  cols_ab <- cols_ab[!cols_ab %in% result]
  df <- get_current_data(arg_name = NA, call = -3)
@@ -931,7 +967,7 @@ any.amr_selector_any_all <- function(..., na.rm = FALSE) {
    }
  }
  # this is `!=`, so turn around the values
-  sir <- c("S", "SDD", "I", "R", "NI")
+  sir <- VALID_SIR_LEVELS
  e2 <- sir[sir != e2]
  structure(all_any_amr_selector(type = type, e1, e2),
    class = c("amr_selector_any_all", "logical")
@@ -1001,11 +1037,11 @@ find_ab_names <- function(ab_group, n = 3) {
  # try popular first, they have DDDs
  drugs <- AMR_env$AB_lookup[which((!is.na(AMR_env$AB_lookup$iv_ddd) | !is.na(AMR_env$AB_lookup$oral_ddd)) &
    AMR_env$AB_lookup$name %unlike% " " &
-    AMR_env$AB_lookup$group %like% ab_group &
+    vapply(FUN.VALUE = character(1), AMR_env$AB_lookup$group, function(x) paste(x, collapse = " ")) %like% ab_group &
    AMR_env$AB_lookup$ab %unlike% "[0-9]$"), ]$name
  if (length(drugs) < n) {
    # now try it all
-    drugs <- AMR_env$AB_lookup[which((AMR_env$AB_lookup$group %like% ab_group |
+    drugs <- AMR_env$AB_lookup[which((vapply(FUN.VALUE = character(1), AMR_env$AB_lookup$group, function(x) paste(x, collapse = " ")) %like% ab_group |
      AMR_env$AB_lookup$atc_group1 %like% ab_group |
      AMR_env$AB_lookup$atc_group2 %like% ab_group) &
      AMR_env$AB_lookup$ab %unlike% "[0-9]$"), ]$name
@@ -1026,7 +1062,7 @@ message_agent_names <- function(function_name, agents, ab_group = NULL, examples
  if (message_not_thrown_before(function_name, sort(agents))) {
    if (length(agents) == 0) {
      if (is.null(ab_group)) {
-        message_("For `", function_name, "()` no antimicrobial drugs found", examples, ".")
+        message_("For {.help [{.fun ", function_name, "}](AMR::", function_name, ")} no antimicrobial drugs found", examples, ".")
      } else if (ab_group == "administrable_per_os") {
        message_("No orally administrable drugs found", examples, ".")
      } else if (ab_group == "administrable_iv") {
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
 #'   - A combination of the above, using `c()`, e.g.:
 #'     - `c(aminoglycosides(), "AMP", "AMC")`
 #'     - `c(aminoglycosides(), carbapenems())`
+#'   - Column indices using numbers
 #'   - Combination therapy, indicated by using `"+"`, with or without [antimicrobial selectors][antimicrobial_selectors], e.g.:
 #'     - `"cipro + genta"`
 #'     - `"TZP+TOB"`
@@ -162,7 +163,7 @@
 #'          antimicrobials = c("TZP", "TZP+TOB", "TZP+GEN"))
 #'    ```
 #'
-#'    WISCA uses a sophisticated Bayesian decision model to combine both local and pooled antimicrobial resistance data. This approach not only evaluates local patterns but can also draw on multi-centre datasets to improve regimen accuracy, even in low-incidence infections like paediatric bloodstream infections (BSIs).
+#'    WISCA uses a sophisticated Bayesian decision model to combine both local and pooled antimicrobial resistance data. This approach not only evaluates local patterns but can also draw on multi-centre data sets to improve regimen accuracy, even in low-incidence infections like paediatric bloodstream infections (BSIs).
 #'
 #' ### Grouped tibbles
 #'
@@ -444,7 +445,7 @@ antibiogram.default <- function(x,
  meet_criteria(wisca, allow_class = "logical", has_length = 1)
  if (isTRUE(wisca)) {
    if (!is.null(mo_transform) && !missing(mo_transform)) {
-      warning_("WISCA must be based on the species level as WISCA parameters are based on this. For that reason, `mo_transform` will be ignored.")
+      warning_("WISCA must be based on the species level as WISCA parameters are based on this. For that reason, {.arg mo_transform} will be ignored.")
    }
    mo_transform <- function(x) suppressMessages(suppressWarnings(paste(mo_genus(x, keep_synonyms = TRUE, language = NULL), mo_species(x, keep_synonyms = TRUE, language = NULL))))
  }
@@ -452,7 +453,7 @@ antibiogram.default <- function(x,
    deprecation_warning("antibiotics", "antimicrobials", fn = "antibiogram", is_argument = TRUE)
    antimicrobials <- list(...)$antibiotics
  }
-  meet_criteria(antimicrobials, allow_class = "character", allow_NA = FALSE, allow_NULL = FALSE)
+  meet_criteria(antimicrobials, allow_class = c("character", "numeric", "integer", "function"), allow_NA = FALSE, allow_NULL = FALSE)
  if (!is.function(mo_transform)) {
    meet_criteria(mo_transform, allow_class = "character", has_length = 1, is_in = c("name", "shortname", "gramstain", colnames(AMR::microorganisms)), allow_NULL = TRUE, allow_NA = TRUE)
  }
@@ -481,7 +482,7 @@ antibiogram.default <- function(x,
  # try to find columns based on type
  if (is.null(col_mo)) {
    col_mo <- search_type_in_df(x = x, type = "mo", info = info)
-    stop_if(is.null(col_mo), "`col_mo` must be set")
+    stop_if(is.null(col_mo), "{.arg col_mo} must be set")
  }
  # transform MOs
  x$`.mo` <- x[, col_mo, drop = TRUE]
@@ -518,7 +519,11 @@ antibiogram.default <- function(x,
  # get antimicrobials
  ab_trycatch <- tryCatch(colnames(suppressWarnings(x[, antimicrobials, drop = FALSE])), error = function(e) NULL)
  if (is.null(ab_trycatch)) {
-    stop_ifnot(is.character(suppressMessages(antimicrobials)), "`antimicrobials` must be an antimicrobial selector, or a character vector.")
+    # try with tidyverse
+    ab_trycatch <- tryCatch(colnames(dplyr::select(x, {{ antimicrobials }})), error = function(e) NULL)
+  }
+  if (is.null(ab_trycatch)) {
+    stop_ifnot(is.character(suppressMessages(antimicrobials)), "{.arg antimicrobials} must be an antimicrobial selector, or a character vector.")
    antimicrobials.bak <- antimicrobials
    # split antimicrobials on separator and make it a list
    antimicrobials <- strsplit(gsub(" ", "", antimicrobials), "+", fixed = TRUE)
@@ -555,12 +560,11 @@ antibiogram.default <- function(x,
        next
      } else {
        # determine whether this new column should contain S, I, R, or NA
+        S_values <- c("S", "WT")
        if (isTRUE(combine_SI)) {
-          S_values <- c("S", "SDD", "I")
-        } else {
-          S_values <- "S"
+          S_values <- c(S_values, "SDD", "I")
        }
-        other_values <- setdiff(c("S", "SDD", "I", "R"), S_values)
+        other_values <- setdiff(c("S", "SDD", "I", "R", "WT", "NWT", "NS"), S_values)
        x_transposed <- as.list(as.data.frame(t(x[, abx, drop = FALSE]), stringsAsFactors = FALSE))
        if (isTRUE(only_all_tested)) {
          x[new_colname] <- as.sir(vapply(FUN.VALUE = character(1), x_transposed, function(x) ifelse(anyNA(x), NA_character_, ifelse(any(x %in% S_values), "S", "R")), USE.NAMES = FALSE))
@@ -575,6 +579,15 @@ antibiogram.default <- function(x,
    }
    antimicrobials <- unlist(antimicrobials)
  } else {
+    existing_ab_combined_cols <- ab_trycatch[ab_trycatch %like% "[+]" & ab_trycatch %in% colnames(x)]
+    if (length(existing_ab_combined_cols) > 0 && !is.null(ab_transform)) {
+      ab_transform <- NULL
+      warning_(
+        "Detected column name(s) containing the '+' character, which conflicts with the expected syntax in `antibiogram()`: the '+' is used to combine separate antimicrobial drug columns (e.g., \"AMP+GEN\").\n\n",
+        "To avoid incorrectly guessing which antimicrobials this represents, `ab_transform` was automatically set to `NULL`.\n\n",
+        "If this is unintended, please rename the column(s) to avoid using '+' in the name, or set `ab_transform = NULL` explicitly to suppress this message."
+      )
+    }
    antimicrobials <- ab_trycatch
  }

@@ -601,13 +614,12 @@ antibiogram.default <- function(x,

  counts <- out

+  out$n_susceptible <- out$S + out$WT
  if (isTRUE(combine_SI)) {
-    out$n_susceptible <- out$S + out$I + out$SDD
-  } else {
-    out$n_susceptible <- out$S
+    out$n_susceptible <- out$n_susceptible + out$I + out$SDD
  }
  if (all(out$n_tested < minimum, na.rm = TRUE) && wisca == FALSE) {
-    warning_("All combinations had less than `minimum = ", minimum, "` results, returning an empty antibiogram")
+    warning_("All combinations had less than {.arg minimum} = {minimum} results, returning an empty antibiogram")
    return(as_original_data_class(data.frame(), class(x), extra_class = "antibiogram"))
  } else if (any(out$n_tested < minimum, na.rm = TRUE)) {
    mins <- sum(out$n_tested < minimum, na.rm = TRUE)
@@ -615,7 +627,7 @@ antibiogram.default <- function(x,
      out <- out %pm>%
        subset(n_tested >= minimum)
      if (isTRUE(info) && mins > 0) {
-        message_("NOTE: ", mins, " combinations had less than `minimum = ", minimum, "` results and were ignored", add_fn = font_red)
+        message_("NOTE: {mins} combinations had less than {.arg minimum} = {minimum} results and were ignored")
      }
    }
  }
@@ -800,7 +812,7 @@ antibiogram.default <- function(x,
  # 21. 5 (4-6,N=15/300)
  # 22. 5% (4-6%,N=15/300)
  if (wisca == TRUE && !formatting_type %in% c(1, 2, 13, 14) && info == TRUE && message_not_thrown_before("antibiogram", wisca, formatting_type)) {
-    message_("Using WISCA with a `formatting_type` that includes the denominator is not useful")
+    message_("Using WISCA with a {.arg formatting_type} that includes the denominator is not useful")
  }
  out$digits <- digits # since pm_sumarise() cannot work with an object outside the current frame
  if (formatting_type == 1) out <- out %pm>% pm_summarise(out_value = round(coverage * 100, digits = digits))
@@ -986,8 +998,8 @@ antibiogram.grouped_df <- function(x,
                                   interval_side = "two-tailed",
                                   info = interactive(),
                                   ...) {
-  stop_ifnot(is.null(mo_transform), "`mo_transform` must not be set if creating an antibiogram using a grouped tibble. The groups will become the variables over which the antimicrobials are calculated, which could include the pathogen information (though not necessary). Nonetheless, this makes `mo_transform` redundant.", call = FALSE)
-  stop_ifnot(is.null(syndromic_group), "`syndromic_group` must not be set if creating an antibiogram using a grouped tibble. The groups will become the variables over which the antimicrobials are calculated, making `syndromic_groups` redundant.", call = FALSE)
+  stop_ifnot(is.null(mo_transform), "{.arg mo_transform} must not be set if creating an antibiogram using a grouped tibble. The groups will become the variables over which the antimicrobials are calculated, which could include the pathogen information (though not necessary). Nonetheless, this makes {.arg mo_transform} redundant.", call = FALSE)
+  stop_ifnot(is.null(syndromic_group), "{.arg syndromic_group} must not be set if creating an antibiogram using a grouped tibble. The groups will become the variables over which the antimicrobials are calculated, making {.arg syndromic_group} redundant.", call = FALSE)
  groups <- attributes(x)$groups
  n_groups <- NROW(groups)
  progress <- progress_ticker(
@@ -1186,7 +1198,7 @@ simulate_coverage <- function(params) {
 #' @param wisca_model The outcome of [wisca()] or [`antibiogram(..., wisca = TRUE)`][antibiogram()].
 #' @rdname antibiogram
 retrieve_wisca_parameters <- function(wisca_model, ...) {
-  stop_ifnot(isTRUE(attributes(wisca_model)$wisca), "This function only applies to WISCA models. Use `wisca()` or `antibiogram(..., wisca = TRUE)` to create a WISCA model.")
+  stop_ifnot(isTRUE(attributes(wisca_model)$wisca), "This function only applies to WISCA models. Use {.help [{.fun wisca}](AMR::wisca)} or {.help [{.fun antibiogram}](AMR::antibiogram)} (with {.code wisca = TRUE}) to create a WISCA model.")
  attributes(wisca_model)$wisca_parameters
 }

@@ -1194,12 +1206,13 @@ retrieve_wisca_parameters <- function(wisca_model, ...) {
 #' @rawNamespace if(getRversion() >= "3.0.0") S3method(pillar::tbl_sum, antibiogram)
 tbl_sum.antibiogram <- function(x, ...) {
  dims <- paste(format(NROW(x), big.mark = ","), AMR_env$cross_icon, format(NCOL(x), big.mark = ","))
+  names(dims) <- "An Antibiogram"
  if (isTRUE(attributes(x)$wisca)) {
-    names(dims) <- paste0("An Antibiogram (WISCA / ", attributes(x)$conf_interval * 100, "% CI)")
+    dims <- c(dims, Type = paste0("WISCA with ", attributes(x)$conf_interval * 100, "% CI"))
  } else if (isTRUE(attributes(x)$formatting_type >= 13)) {
-    names(dims) <- paste0("An Antibiogram (non-WISCA / ", attributes(x)$conf_interval * 100, "% CI)")
+    dims <- c(dims, Type = paste0("Non-WISCA with ", attributes(x)$conf_interval * 100, "% CI"))
  } else {
-    names(dims) <- paste0("An Antibiogram (non-WISCA)")
+    dims <- c(dims, Type = paste0("Non-WISCA without CI"))
  }
  dims
 }
@@ -99,12 +99,12 @@ atc_online_property <- function(atc_code,
  read_html <- import_fn("read_html", "xml2")

  if (!all(atc_code %in% unlist(AMR::antimicrobials$atc))) {
-    atc_code <- as.character(ab_atc(atc_code, only_first = TRUE))
+    missing <- atc_code %unlike% "[A-Z][0-9][0-9][A-Z][A-Z][0-9][0-9]"
+    atc_code[missing] <- as.character(ab_atc(atc_code[missing], only_first = TRUE))
  }

  if (!has_internet()) {
    message_("There appears to be no internet connection, returning NA.",
-      add_fn = font_red,
      as_note = FALSE
    )
    return(rep(NA, length(atc_code)))
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ atc_online_property <- function(atc_code,
      colnames(out) <- gsub("^atc.*", "atc", tolower(colnames(out)))

      if (length(out) == 0) {
-        message_("in `atc_online_property()`: no properties found for ATC ", atc_code[i], ". Please check ", font_url(atc_url, "this WHOCC webpage"), ".")
+        message_("in {.help [{.fun atc_online_property}](AMR::atc_online_property)}: no properties found for ATC ", atc_code[i], ". Please check {.href {atc_url} this WHOCC webpage}.")
        returnvalue[i] <- NA
        next
      }
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@
 #' @section Source:
 #' World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology: \url{https://atcddd.fhi.no/atc_ddd_index/}
 #'
-#' European Commission Public Health PHARMACEUTICALS - COMMUNITY REGISTER: \url{https://ec.europa.eu/health/documents/community-register/html/reg_hum_atc.htm}
+#' European Commission Public Health PHARMACEUTICALS - COMMUNITY REGISTER: \url{https://health.ec.europa.eu/documents/community-register/html/reg_hum_atc.htm}
 #' @aliases av
 #' @return A [character] [vector] with additional class [`ab`]
 #' @seealso
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ av_from_text <- function(text,
      }
    })
  } else {
-    stop_("`type` must be either 'drug', 'dose' or 'administration'")
+    stop_("{.arg type} must be either 'drug', 'dose' or 'administration'")
  }

  # collapse text if needed
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ av_validate <- function(x, property, ...) {
    # try to catch an error when inputting an invalid argument
    # so the 'call.' can be set to FALSE
    tryCatch(x[1L] %in% AMR_env$AV_lookup[1, property, drop = TRUE],
-      error = function(e) stop(e$message, call. = FALSE)
+      error = function(e) stop(conditionMessage(e), call. = FALSE)
    )

    if (!all(x %in% AMR_env$AV_lookup[, property, drop = TRUE])) {
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
 #' @details The function [format()] calculates the resistance per bug-drug combination and returns a table ready for reporting/publishing. Use `combine_SI = TRUE` (default) to test R vs. S+I and `combine_SI = FALSE` to test R+I vs. S. This table can also directly be used in R Markdown / Quarto without the need for e.g. [knitr::kable()].
 #' @export
 #' @rdname bug_drug_combinations
-#' @return The function [bug_drug_combinations()] returns a [data.frame] with columns "mo", "ab", "S", "SDD", "I", "R", and "total".
+#' @return The function [bug_drug_combinations()] returns a [data.frame] with columns "mo", "ab", "S", "SDD", "I", "R", "WT, "NWT", and "total".
 #' @examples
 #' # example_isolates is a data set available in the AMR package.
 #' # run ?example_isolates for more info.
@@ -111,6 +111,8 @@ bug_drug_combinations <- function(x,
      SDD = integer(0),
      I = integer(0),
      R = integer(0),
+      WT = integer(0),
+      NWT = integer(0),
      total = integer(0),
      total_rows = integer(0),
      stringsAsFactors = FALSE
@@ -133,6 +135,9 @@ bug_drug_combinations <- function(x,
          I = m["I", ],
          R = m["R", ],
          NI = m["NI", ],
+          WT = m["WT", ],
+          NWT = m["NWT", ],
+          NS = m["NS", ],
          na = m[which(is.na(rownames(m))), ],
          stringsAsFactors = FALSE
        )
@@ -146,8 +151,11 @@ bug_drug_combinations <- function(x,
        I = merged$I,
        R = merged$R,
        NI = merged$NI,
-        total = merged$S + merged$SDD + merged$I + merged$R + merged$NI,
-        total_rows = merged$S + merged$SDD + merged$I + merged$R + merged$NI + merged$na,
+        WT = merged$WT,
+        NWT = merged$NWT,
+        NS = merged$NS,
+        total = merged$S + merged$SDD + merged$I + merged$R + merged$NI + merged$WT + merged$NWT + merged$NS,
+        total_rows = merged$S + merged$SDD + merged$I + merged$R + merged$NI + merged$WT + merged$NWT + merged$NS + merged$na,
        stringsAsFactors = FALSE
      )
      if (data_has_groups) {
@@ -229,12 +237,17 @@ format.bug_drug_combinations <- function(x,
      I = vapply(FUN.VALUE = double(1), idx, function(i) sum(x$I[i], na.rm = TRUE)),
      R = vapply(FUN.VALUE = double(1), idx, function(i) sum(x$R[i], na.rm = TRUE)),
      NI = vapply(FUN.VALUE = double(1), idx, function(i) sum(x$NI[i], na.rm = TRUE)),
+      WT = vapply(FUN.VALUE = double(1), idx, function(i) sum(x$WT[i], na.rm = TRUE)),
+      NWT = vapply(FUN.VALUE = double(1), idx, function(i) sum(x$NWT[i], na.rm = TRUE)),
+      NS = vapply(FUN.VALUE = double(1), idx, function(i) sum(x$NS[i], na.rm = TRUE)),
      total = vapply(FUN.VALUE = double(1), idx, function(i) {
        sum(x$S[i], na.rm = TRUE) +
          sum(x$SDD[i], na.rm = TRUE) +
          sum(x$I[i], na.rm = TRUE) +
          sum(x$R[i], na.rm = TRUE) +
-          sum(x$NI[i], na.rm = TRUE)
+          sum(x$WT[i], na.rm = TRUE) +
+          sum(x$NWT[i], na.rm = TRUE) +
+          sum(x$NS[i], na.rm = TRUE)
      }),
      stringsAsFactors = FALSE
    )
@@ -246,10 +259,10 @@ format.bug_drug_combinations <- function(x,
  if (remove_intrinsic_resistant == TRUE) {
    x <- subset(x, R != total)
  }
+
+  x$isolates <- x$R + x$NWT
  if (combine_SI == TRUE) {
-    x$isolates <- x$R
-  } else {
-    x$isolates <- x$R + x$I + x$SDD
+    x$isolates <- x$isolates + x$I + x$SDD
  }

  give_ab_name <- function(ab, format, language) {
@@ -33,13 +33,16 @@
 #'
 #' [count_resistant()] should be used to count resistant isolates, [count_susceptible()] should be used to count susceptible isolates.
 #' @param ... One or more vectors (or columns) with antibiotic interpretations. They will be transformed internally with [as.sir()] if needed.
+#' @param guideline Either `"EUCAST"` (default) or `"CLSI"`. With EUCAST, the 'I' category will be considered as susceptible (see [EUCAST website](https://www.eucast.org/bacteria/clinical-breakpoints-and-interpretation/definition-of-s-i-and-r/)), but with with CLSI, it will be considered resistant. Therefore:
+#'   * EUCAST: [count_susceptible()] \eqn{= N_{S} + N_{I}}, [count_resistant()] \eqn{= N_{R}}
+#'   * CLSI: [count_susceptible()] \eqn{= N_{S} + N_{SDD}}, [count_resistant()] \eqn{= N_{I} + N_{R}}
+#'
+#' You can also use e.g. [count_R()] or [count_S()] instead, to be explicit.
 #' @inheritParams proportion
 #' @inheritSection as.sir Interpretation of SIR
 #' @details These functions are meant to count isolates. Use the [resistance()]/[susceptibility()] functions to calculate microbial resistance/susceptibility.
 #'
-#' The function [count_resistant()] is equal to the function [count_R()]. The function [count_susceptible()] is equal to the function [count_SI()].
-#'
-#' The function [n_sir()] is an alias of [count_all()]. They can be used to count all available isolates, i.e. where all input antimicrobials have an available result (S, I or R). Their use is equal to `n_distinct()`. Their function is equal to `count_susceptible(...) + count_resistant(...)`.
+#' The function [n_sir()] is an alias of [count_all()]. They can be used to count all available isolates, i.e. where all input antimicrobials have an available result (S, I or R). Their use is equal to `dplyr`'s `n_distinct()`. Their function is equal to `count_susceptible(...) + count_resistant(...)`.
 #'
 #' The function [count_df()] takes any variable from `data` that has an [`sir`] class (created with [as.sir()]) and counts the number of S's, I's and R's. It also supports grouped variables. The function [sir_df()] works exactly like [count_df()], but adds the percentage of S, I and R.
 #' @inheritSection proportion Combination Therapy
@@ -119,27 +122,49 @@
 #'     count_df(translate = FALSE)
 #' }
 #' }
-count_resistant <- function(..., only_all_tested = FALSE) {
+count_resistant <- function(...,
+                            only_all_tested = FALSE,
+                            guideline = getOption("AMR_guideline", "EUCAST")) {
+  # other arguments for meet_criteria are handled by sir_calc()
+  meet_criteria(guideline, allow_class = "character", is_in = c("EUCAST", "CLSI"), has_length = 1)
+  if (is.null(getOption("AMR_guideline")) && missing(guideline) && message_not_thrown_before("count_resistant", "eucast_default", entire_session = TRUE)) {
+    message_("{.help [{.fun count_resistant}](AMR::count_resistant)} assumes the EUCAST guideline and thus considers the 'I' category susceptible. Set the {.arg guideline} argument or the {.code AMR_guideline} option to either \"CLSI\" or \"EUCAST\", see {.topic [AMR-options](AMR::AMR-options)}.")
+    message_("This message will be shown once per session.")
+  }
  tryCatch(
    sir_calc(...,
-      ab_result = "R",
+      ab_result = c(
+        "R", "NWT", "NS",
+        if (identical(guideline, "CLSI")) "I"
+      ),
      only_all_tested = only_all_tested,
      only_count = TRUE
    ),
-    error = function(e) stop_(gsub("in sir_calc(): ", "", e$message, fixed = TRUE), call = -5)
+    error = function(e) stop_(gsub("in sir_calc(): ", "", conditionMessage(e), fixed = TRUE), call = -5)
  )
 }

 #' @rdname count
 #' @export
-count_susceptible <- function(..., only_all_tested = FALSE) {
+count_susceptible <- function(...,
+                              only_all_tested = FALSE,
+                              guideline = getOption("AMR_guideline", "EUCAST")) {
+  # other arguments for meet_criteria are handled by sir_calc()
+  meet_criteria(guideline, allow_class = "character", is_in = c("EUCAST", "CLSI"), has_length = 1)
+  if (is.null(getOption("AMR_guideline")) && missing(guideline) && message_not_thrown_before("count_susceptible", "eucast_default", entire_session = TRUE)) {
+    message_("{.help [{.fun count_susceptible}](AMR::count_susceptible)} assumes the EUCAST guideline and thus considers the 'I' category susceptible. Set the {.arg guideline} argument or the {.code AMR_guideline} option to either \"CLSI\" or \"EUCAST\", see {.topic [AMR-options](AMR::AMR-options)}.")
+    message_("This message will be shown once per session.")
+  }
  tryCatch(
    sir_calc(...,
-      ab_result = c("S", "SDD", "I"),
+      ab_result = c(
+        "S", "SDD", "WT",
+        if (identical(guideline, "EUCAST")) "I"
+      ),
      only_all_tested = only_all_tested,
      only_count = TRUE
    ),
-    error = function(e) stop_(gsub("in sir_calc(): ", "", e$message, fixed = TRUE), call = -5)
+    error = function(e) stop_(gsub("in sir_calc(): ", "", conditionMessage(e), fixed = TRUE), call = -5)
  )
 }

@@ -152,7 +177,7 @@ count_S <- function(..., only_all_tested = FALSE) {
      only_all_tested = only_all_tested,
      only_count = TRUE
    ),
-    error = function(e) stop_(gsub("in sir_calc(): ", "", e$message, fixed = TRUE), call = -5)
+    error = function(e) stop_(gsub("in sir_calc(): ", "", conditionMessage(e), fixed = TRUE), call = -5)
  )
 }

@@ -161,11 +186,11 @@ count_S <- function(..., only_all_tested = FALSE) {
 count_SI <- function(..., only_all_tested = FALSE) {
  tryCatch(
    sir_calc(...,
-      ab_result = c("S", "SDD", "I"),
+      ab_result = c("S", "SDD", "I", "WT"),
      only_all_tested = only_all_tested,
      only_count = TRUE
    ),
-    error = function(e) stop_(gsub("in sir_calc(): ", "", e$message, fixed = TRUE), call = -5)
+    error = function(e) stop_(gsub("in sir_calc(): ", "", conditionMessage(e), fixed = TRUE), call = -5)
  )
 }

@@ -178,7 +203,7 @@ count_I <- function(..., only_all_tested = FALSE) {
      only_all_tested = only_all_tested,
      only_count = TRUE
    ),
-    error = function(e) stop_(gsub("in sir_calc(): ", "", e$message, fixed = TRUE), call = -5)
+    error = function(e) stop_(gsub("in sir_calc(): ", "", conditionMessage(e), fixed = TRUE), call = -5)
  )
 }

@@ -187,11 +212,11 @@ count_I <- function(..., only_all_tested = FALSE) {
 count_IR <- function(..., only_all_tested = FALSE) {
  tryCatch(
    sir_calc(...,
-      ab_result = c("I", "SDD", "R"),
+      ab_result = c("I", "SDD", "R", "NWT"),
      only_all_tested = only_all_tested,
      only_count = TRUE
    ),
-    error = function(e) stop_(gsub("in sir_calc(): ", "", e$message, fixed = TRUE), call = -5)
+    error = function(e) stop_(gsub("in sir_calc(): ", "", conditionMessage(e), fixed = TRUE), call = -5)
  )
 }

@@ -200,11 +225,11 @@ count_IR <- function(..., only_all_tested = FALSE) {
 count_R <- function(..., only_all_tested = FALSE) {
  tryCatch(
    sir_calc(...,
-      ab_result = "R",
+      ab_result = c("R", "NWT", "NS"),
      only_all_tested = only_all_tested,
      only_count = TRUE
    ),
-    error = function(e) stop_(gsub("in sir_calc(): ", "", e$message, fixed = TRUE), call = -5)
+    error = function(e) stop_(gsub("in sir_calc(): ", "", conditionMessage(e), fixed = TRUE), call = -5)
  )
 }

@@ -213,11 +238,11 @@ count_R <- function(..., only_all_tested = FALSE) {
 count_all <- function(..., only_all_tested = FALSE) {
  tryCatch(
    sir_calc(...,
-      ab_result = c("S", "SDD", "I", "R", "NI"),
+      ab_result = VALID_SIR_LEVELS,
      only_all_tested = only_all_tested,
      only_count = TRUE
    ),
-    error = function(e) stop_(gsub("in sir_calc(): ", "", e$message, fixed = TRUE), call = -5)
+    error = function(e) stop_(gsub("in sir_calc(): ", "", conditionMessage(e), fixed = TRUE), call = -5)
  )
 }

@@ -240,6 +265,6 @@ count_df <- function(data,
      combine_SI = combine_SI,
      confidence_level = 0.95 # doesn't matter, will be removed
    ),
-    error = function(e) stop_(gsub("in sir_calc_df(): ", "", e$message, fixed = TRUE), call = -5)
+    error = function(e) stop_(gsub("in sir_calc_df(): ", "", conditionMessage(e), fixed = TRUE), call = -5)
  )
 }
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ add_custom_antimicrobials <- function(x) {

  AMR_env$ab_previously_coerced <- AMR_env$ab_previously_coerced[which(!AMR_env$ab_previously_coerced$ab %in% c(x$ab, x$generalised_name) & !AMR_env$ab_previously_coerced$x %in% c(x$ab, x$generalised_name)), , drop = FALSE]
  class(AMR_env$AB_lookup$ab) <- c("ab", "character")
-  message_("Added ", nr2char(nrow(x)), " record", ifelse(nrow(x) > 1, "s", ""), " to the internal `antimicrobials` data set.")
+  message_("Added ", nr2char(nrow(x)), " record", ifelse(nrow(x) > 1, "s", ""), " to the internal {.code antimicrobials} data set.")
 }

 #' @rdname add_custom_antimicrobials
@@ -150,15 +150,15 @@ custom_eucast_rules <- function(...) {
  )
  stop_if(
    identical(dots, "error"),
-    "rules must be a valid formula inputs (e.g., using '~'), see `?custom_eucast_rules`"
+    "rules must be a valid formula inputs (e.g., using '~'), see {.help [{.fun custom_eucast_rules}](AMR::custom_eucast_rules)}"
  )
  n_dots <- length(dots)
-  stop_if(n_dots == 0, "no custom rules were set. Please read the documentation using `?custom_eucast_rules`.")
+  stop_if(n_dots == 0, "no custom rules were set. Please read the documentation using {.help [{.fun custom_eucast_rules}](AMR::custom_eucast_rules)}.")
  out <- vector("list", n_dots)
  for (i in seq_len(n_dots)) {
    stop_ifnot(
      inherits(dots[[i]], "formula"),
-      "rule ", i, " must be a valid formula input (e.g., using '~'), see `?custom_eucast_rules`"
+      "rule ", i, " must be a valid formula input (e.g., using '~'), see {.help [{.fun custom_eucast_rules}](AMR::custom_eucast_rules)}"
    )

    # Query
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ custom_eucast_rules <- function(...) {
    result <- dots[[i]][[3]]
    stop_ifnot(
      deparse(result) %like% "==",
-      "the result of rule ", i, " (the part after the `~`) must contain `==`, such as in `... ~ ampicillin == \"R\"`, see `?custom_eucast_rules`"
+      "the result of rule ", i, " (the part after the `~`) must contain `==`, such as in `... ~ ampicillin == \"R\"`, see {.help [{.fun custom_eucast_rules}](AMR::custom_eucast_rules)}"
    )
    result_group <- as.character(result)[[2]]
    result_group <- as.character(str2lang(result_group))
@@ -220,8 +220,8 @@ custom_eucast_rules <- function(...) {
    result_value <- as.character(result)[[3]]
    result_value[result_value == "NA"] <- NA
    stop_ifnot(
-      result_value %in% c("S", "SDD", "I", "R", "NI", NA),
-      "the resulting value of rule ", i, " must be either \"S\", \"SDD\", \"I\", \"R\", \"NI\" or NA"
+      result_value %in% c(VALID_SIR_LEVELS, NA),
+      paste0("the resulting value of rule ", i, " must be either ", vector_or(c(VALID_SIR_LEVELS, NA), sort = FALSE))
    )
    result_value <- as.sir(result_value)

@@ -145,15 +145,15 @@ custom_mdro_guideline <- function(..., as_factor = TRUE) {
  )
  stop_if(
    identical(dots, "error"),
-    "rules must be a valid formula inputs (e.g., using '~'), see `?mdro`"
+    "rules must be a valid formula inputs (e.g., using '~'), see {.help [{.fun mdro}](AMR::mdro)}"
  )
  n_dots <- length(dots)
-  stop_if(n_dots == 0, "no custom rules were set. Please read the documentation using `?mdro`.")
+  stop_if(n_dots == 0, "no custom rules were set. Please read the documentation using {.help [{.fun mdro}](AMR::mdro)}.")
  out <- vector("list", n_dots)
  for (i in seq_len(n_dots)) {
    stop_ifnot(
      inherits(dots[[i]], "formula"),
-      "rule ", i, " must be a valid formula input (e.g., using '~'), see `?mdro`"
+      "rule ", i, " must be a valid formula input (e.g., using '~'), see {.help [{.fun mdro}](AMR::mdro)}"
    )

    # Query
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ custom_mdro_guideline <- function(..., as_factor = TRUE) {

    # Value
    val <- tryCatch(eval(dots[[i]][[3]]), error = function(e) NULL)
-    stop_if(is.null(val), "rule ", i, " must return a valid value, it now returns an error: ", tryCatch(eval(dots[[i]][[3]]), error = function(e) e$message))
+    stop_if(is.null(val), "rule ", i, " must return a valid value, it now returns an error: ", tryCatch(eval(dots[[i]][[3]]), error = function(e) conditionMessage(e)))
    stop_if(length(val) > 1, "rule ", i, " must return a value of length 1, not ", length(val))
    out[[i]]$value <- as.character(val)
  }
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ c.custom_mdro_guideline <- function(x, ..., as_factor = NULL) {
  }
  for (g in list(...)) {
    stop_ifnot(inherits(g, "custom_mdro_guideline"),
-      "for combining custom MDRO guidelines, all rules must be created with `custom_mdro_guideline()`",
+      "for combining custom MDRO guidelines, all rules must be created with {.help [{.fun custom_mdro_guideline}](AMR::custom_mdro_guideline)}",
      call = FALSE
    )
    vals <- attributes(x)$values
@@ -254,21 +254,20 @@ run_custom_mdro_guideline <- function(df, guideline, info) {
  for (i in seq_len(n_dots)) {
    qry <- tryCatch(eval(parse(text = guideline[[i]]$query), envir = df, enclos = parent.frame()),
      error = function(e) {
-        AMR_env$err_msg <- e$message
+        AMR_env$err_msg <- conditionMessage(e)
        return("error")
      }
    )
    if (identical(qry, "error")) {
-      warning_("in `custom_mdro_guideline()`: rule ", i,
+      warning_("in {.help [{.fun custom_mdro_guideline}](AMR::custom_mdro_guideline)}: rule ", i,
        " (`", as.character(guideline[[i]]$query), "`) was ignored because of this error message: ",
        AMR_env$err_msg,
-        call = FALSE,
-        add_fn = font_red
+        call = FALSE
      )
      next
    }
-    stop_ifnot(is.logical(qry), "in custom_mdro_guideline(): rule ", i, " (`", guideline[[i]]$query,
-      "`) must return `TRUE` or `FALSE`, not ",
+    stop_ifnot(is.logical(qry), "in {.help [{.fun custom_mdro_guideline}](AMR::custom_mdro_guideline)}: rule ", i, " (`", guideline[[i]]$query,
+      "`) must return {.code TRUE} or {.code FALSE}, not ",
      format_class(class(qry), plural = FALSE),
      call = FALSE
    )
@@ -281,9 +281,9 @@ add_custom_microorganisms <- function(x) {
  AMR_env$MO_lookup <- unique(rbind_AMR(AMR_env$MO_lookup, new_df))
  class(AMR_env$MO_lookup$mo) <- c("mo", "character")
  if (nrow(x) <= 3) {
-    message_("Added ", vector_and(italicise(x$fullname), quotes = FALSE), " to the internal `microorganisms` data set.")
+    message_("Added ", vector_and(italicise(x$fullname), quotes = FALSE), " to the internal {.code microorganisms} data set.")
  } else {
-    message_("Added ", nr2char(nrow(x)), " records to the internal `microorganisms` data set.")
+    message_("Added ", nr2char(nrow(x)), " records to the internal {.code microorganisms} data set.")
  }
 }

@@ -303,7 +303,7 @@ clear_custom_microorganisms <- function() {
  AMR_env$custom_mo_codes <- character(0)
  AMR_env$mo_previously_coerced <- AMR_env$mo_previously_coerced[which(AMR_env$mo_previously_coerced$mo %in% AMR_env$MO_lookup$mo), , drop = FALSE]
  AMR_env$mo_uncertainties <- AMR_env$mo_uncertainties[0, , drop = FALSE]
-  message_("Cleared ", nr2char(n - n2), " custom record", ifelse(n - n2 > 1, "s", ""), " from the internal `microorganisms` data set.")
+  message_("Cleared ", nr2char(n - n2), " custom record", ifelse(n - n2 > 1, "s", ""), " from the internal {.code microorganisms} data set.")
 }

 abbreviate_mo <- function(x, minlength = 5, prefix = "", hyphen_as_space = FALSE, ...) {
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
 #' - `ab`\cr antimicrobial ID as used in this package (such as `AMC`), using the official EARS-Net (European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network) codes where available. ***This is a unique identifier.***
 #' - `cid`\cr Compound ID as found in PubChem. ***This is a unique identifier.***
 #' - `name`\cr Official name as used by WHONET/EARS-Net or the WHO. ***This is a unique identifier.***
-#' - `group`\cr A short and concise group name, based on WHONET and WHOCC definitions
+#' - `group`\cr One or more short and concise group names, based on WHONET and WHOCC definitions
 #' - `atc`\cr ATC codes (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical) as defined by the WHOCC, like `J01CR02` (last updated `r documentation_date(TAXONOMY_VERSION$ATC_DDD$accessed_date)`):
 #' - `atc_group1`\cr Official pharmacological subgroup (3rd level ATC code) as defined by the WHOCC, like `"Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins"`
 #' - `atc_group2`\cr Official chemical subgroup (4th level ATC code) as defined by the WHOCC, like `"Macrolides"`
@@ -282,7 +282,7 @@

 #' Data Set with Clinical Breakpoints for SIR Interpretation
 #'
-#' @description Data set containing clinical breakpoints to interpret MIC and disk diffusion to SIR values, according to international guidelines. This dataset contain breakpoints for humans, `r length(unique(clinical_breakpoints$host[!clinical_breakpoints$host %in% clinical_breakpoints$type]))` different animal groups, and ECOFFs.
+#' @description Data set containing clinical breakpoints to interpret MIC and disk diffusion to SIR values, according to international guidelines. This data set contains breakpoints for humans, `r length(unique(clinical_breakpoints$host[!clinical_breakpoints$host %in% clinical_breakpoints$type]))` different animal groups, and ECOFFs.
 #'
 #' These breakpoints are currently implemented:
 #' - For **clinical microbiology**: EUCAST `r min(as.integer(gsub("[^0-9]", "", subset(AMR::clinical_breakpoints, guideline %like% "EUCAST" & type == "human")$guideline)))`-`r max(as.integer(gsub("[^0-9]", "", subset(AMR::clinical_breakpoints, guideline %like% "EUCAST" & type == "human")$guideline)))` and CLSI `r min(as.integer(gsub("[^0-9]", "", subset(AMR::clinical_breakpoints, guideline %like% "CLSI" & type == "human")$guideline)))`-`r max(as.integer(gsub("[^0-9]", "", subset(AMR::clinical_breakpoints, guideline %like% "CLSI" & type == "human")$guideline)))`;
@@ -361,3 +361,15 @@
 #' @examples
 #' dosage
 "dosage"
+
+#' Data Set with `r format(nrow(esbl_isolates), big.mark = " ")` ESBL Isolates
+#'
+#' A data set containing `r format(nrow(esbl_isolates), big.mark = " ")` microbial isolates with MIC values of common antibiotics and a binary `esbl` column for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production. This data set contains randomised fictitious data but reflects reality and can be used to practise AMR-related machine learning, e.g., classification modelling with [tidymodels](https://amr-for-r.org/articles/AMR_with_tidymodels.html).
+#' @format A [tibble][tibble::tibble] with `r format(nrow(esbl_isolates), big.mark = " ")` observations and `r ncol(esbl_isolates)` variables:
+#' - `esbl`\cr Logical indicator if the isolate is ESBL-producing
+#' - `genus`\cr Genus of the microorganism
+#' - `AMC:COL`\cr MIC values for 17 antimicrobial drugs, transformed to class [`mic`] (see [as.mic()])
+#' @details See our [tidymodels integration][amr-tidymodels] for an example using this data set.
+#' @examples
+#' esbl_isolates
+"esbl_isolates"
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ as.disk <- function(x, na.rm = FALSE) {
      cur_col <- get_current_column()
      warning_("in `as.disk()`: ", na_after - na_before, " result",
        ifelse(na_after - na_before > 1, "s", ""),
-        ifelse(is.null(cur_col), "", paste0(" in index '", cur_col, "'")),
+        ifelse(is.null(cur_col), "", paste0(" in column '", cur_col, "'")),
        " truncated (",
        round(((na_after - na_before) / length(x)) * 100),
        "%) that were invalid disk zones: ",
@@ -236,12 +236,14 @@ rep.disk <- function(x, ...) {
 # this prevents the requirement for putting the dependency in Imports:
 #' @rawNamespace if(getRversion() >= "3.0.0") S3method(skimr::get_skimmers, disk)
 get_skimmers.disk <- function(column) {
+  column <- as.integer(column)
  skimr::sfl(
    skim_type = "disk",
-    min = ~ min(as.double(.), na.rm = TRUE),
-    max = ~ max(as.double(.), na.rm = TRUE),
-    median = ~ stats::median(as.double(.), na.rm = TRUE),
-    n_unique = ~ length(unique(stats::na.omit(.))),
-    hist = ~ skimr::inline_hist(stats::na.omit(as.double(.)))
+    p0 = ~ stats::quantile(column, probs = 0, na.rm = TRUE, names = FALSE),
+    p25 = ~ stats::quantile(column, probs = 0.25, na.rm = TRUE, names = FALSE),
+    p50 = ~ stats::quantile(column, probs = 0.5, na.rm = TRUE, names = FALSE),
+    p75 = ~ stats::quantile(column, probs = 0.75, na.rm = TRUE, names = FALSE),
+    p100 = ~ stats::quantile(column, probs = 1, na.rm = TRUE, names = FALSE),
+    hist = ~ skimr::inline_hist(stats::na.omit(column), 10)
  )
 }
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@
 #'
 #' All isolates with a microbial ID of `NA` will be excluded as first isolate.
 #'
-#' ### Different methods
+#' ## Different methods
 #'
 #' According to previously-mentioned sources, there are different methods (algorithms) to select first isolates with increasing reliability: isolate-based, patient-based, episode-based and phenotype-based. All methods select on a combination of the taxonomic genus and species (not subspecies).
 #'
@@ -89,21 +89,29 @@
 #' | - Major difference in any antimicrobial result   | - `first_isolate(x, type = "points")`                 |
 #' | - Any difference in key antimicrobial results    | - `first_isolate(x, type = "keyantimicrobials")`      |
 #'
-#' ### Isolate-based
+#' **Isolate-based**
+#'
+#' _Minimum variables required: Microorganism identifier_
 #'
 #' This method does not require any selection, as all isolates should be included. It does, however, respect all arguments set in the [first_isolate()] function. For example, the default setting for `include_unknown` (`FALSE`) will omit selection of rows without a microbial ID.
 #'
-#' ### Patient-based
+#' **Patient-based**
 #'
-#' To include every genus-species combination per patient once, set the `episode_days` to `Inf`. This method makes sure that no duplicate isolates are selected from the same patient. This method is preferred to e.g. identify the first MRSA finding of each patient to determine the incidence. Conversely, in a large longitudinal data set, this could mean that isolates are *excluded* that were found years after the initial isolate.
+#' _Minimum variables required: Microorganism identifier, Patient identifier_
 #'
-#' ### Episode-based
+#' This method includes every genus-species combination per patient once. This method makes sure that no duplicate isolates are selected from the same patient. This method is preferred to e.g. identify the first MRSA finding of each patient to determine the incidence. Conversely, in a large longitudinal data set, this could mean that isolates are *excluded* that were found years after the initial isolate.
 #'
-#' To include every genus-species combination per patient episode once, set the `episode_days` to a sensible number of days. Depending on the type of analysis, this could be 14, 30, 60 or 365. Short episodes are common for analysing specific hospital or ward data or ICU cases, long episodes are common for analysing regional and national data.
+#' **Episode-based**
+#'
+#' _Minimum variables required: Microorganism identifier, Patient identifier, Date_
+#'
+#' To include every genus-species combination per patient episode once, set the `episode_days` to a sensible number of days. Depending on the type of analysis, this could be e.g., 14, 30, 60 or 365. Short episodes are common for analysing specific hospital or ward data or ICU cases, long episodes are common for analysing regional and national data.
 #'
 #' This is the most common method to correct for duplicate isolates. Patients are categorised into episodes based on their ID and dates (e.g., the date of specimen receipt or laboratory result). While this is a common method, it does not take into account antimicrobial test results. This means that e.g. a methicillin-resistant *Staphylococcus aureus* (MRSA) isolate cannot be differentiated from a wildtype *Staphylococcus aureus* isolate.
 #'
-#' ### Phenotype-based
+#' **Phenotype-based**
+#'
+#' _Minimum variables required: Microorganism identifier, Patient identifier, Date, Antimicrobial test results_
 #'
 #' This is a more reliable method, since it also *weighs* the antibiogram (antimicrobial test results) yielding so-called 'first weighted isolates'. There are two different methods to weigh the antibiogram:
 #'
@@ -238,7 +246,7 @@ first_isolate <- function(x = NULL,
    FUN.VALUE = logical(1),
    X = x,
    # check only first 10,000 rows
-    FUN = function(x) any(as.character(x[1:10000]) %in% c("S", "SDD", "I", "R", "NI"), na.rm = TRUE),
+    FUN = function(x) any(as.character(x[1:10000]) %in% VALID_SIR_LEVELS, na.rm = TRUE),
    USE.NAMES = FALSE
  ))
  if (method == "phenotype-based" && !any_col_contains_sir) {
@@ -255,8 +263,7 @@ first_isolate <- function(x = NULL,
          ),
          ""
        )
-      ),
-      add_fn = font_red
+      )
    )
  }

@@ -264,7 +271,7 @@ first_isolate <- function(x = NULL,
  # -- mo
  if (is.null(col_mo)) {
    col_mo <- search_type_in_df(x = x, type = "mo", info = info)
-    stop_if(is.null(col_mo), "`col_mo` must be set")
+    stop_if(is.null(col_mo), "{.arg col_mo} must be set")
  }

  # methods ----
@@ -301,7 +308,7 @@ first_isolate <- function(x = NULL,
  # -- date
  if (is.null(col_date)) {
    col_date <- search_type_in_df(x = x, type = "date", info = info)
-    stop_if(is.null(col_date), "`col_date` must be set")
+    stop_if(is.null(col_date), "{.arg col_date} must be set")
  }

  # -- patient id
@@ -310,11 +317,11 @@ first_isolate <- function(x = NULL,
      # WHONET support
      x$patient_id <- paste(x$`First name`, x$`Last name`, x$Sex)
      col_patient_id <- "patient_id"
-      message_("Using combined columns '", font_bold("First name"), "', '", font_bold("Last name"), "' and '", font_bold("Sex"), "' as input for `col_patient_id`")
+      message_("Using combined columns '", font_bold("First name"), "', '", font_bold("Last name"), "' and '", font_bold("Sex"), "' as input for {.arg col_patient_id}")
    } else {
      col_patient_id <- search_type_in_df(x = x, type = "patient_id", info = info)
    }
-    stop_if(is.null(col_patient_id), "`col_patient_id` must be set")
+    stop_if(is.null(col_patient_id), "{.arg col_patient_id} must be set")
  }

  # -- specimen
@@ -326,7 +333,7 @@ first_isolate <- function(x = NULL,
  check_columns_existance <- function(column, tblname = x) {
    if (!is.null(column)) {
      stop_ifnot(column %in% colnames(tblname),
-        "Column '", column, "' not found.",
+        "Column '{column}' not found.",
        call = FALSE
      )
    }
@@ -355,9 +362,7 @@ first_isolate <- function(x = NULL,
  }
  # remove testcodes
  if (!is.null(testcodes_exclude) && isTRUE(info) && message_not_thrown_before("first_isolate", "excludingtestcodes")) {
-    message_("Excluding test codes: ", vector_and(testcodes_exclude, quotes = TRUE),
-      add_fn = font_red
-    )
+    message_("Excluding test codes: ", vector_and(testcodes_exclude, quotes = TRUE))
  }

  if (is.null(col_specimen)) {
@@ -368,9 +373,7 @@ first_isolate <- function(x = NULL,
  if (!is.null(specimen_group)) {
    check_columns_existance(col_specimen, x)
    if (isTRUE(info) && message_not_thrown_before("first_isolate", "excludingspecimen")) {
-      message_("Excluding other than specimen group '", specimen_group, "'",
-        add_fn = font_red
-      )
+      message_("Excluding other than specimen group '{specimen_group}'")
    }
  }
  if (!is.null(col_keyantimicrobials)) {
@@ -412,7 +415,6 @@ first_isolate <- function(x = NULL,
  if (abs(row.start) == Inf || abs(row.end) == Inf) {
    if (isTRUE(info)) {
      message_("=> Found ", font_bold("no isolates"),
-        add_fn = font_black,
        as_note = FALSE
      )
    }
@@ -421,7 +423,6 @@ first_isolate <- function(x = NULL,
  if (row.start == row.end) {
    if (isTRUE(info)) {
      message_("=> Found ", font_bold("1 first isolate"), ", as the data only contained 1 row",
-        add_fn = font_black,
        as_note = FALSE
      )
    }
@@ -429,9 +430,7 @@ first_isolate <- function(x = NULL,
  }
  if (length(c(row.start:row.end)) == pm_n_distinct(x[c(row.start:row.end), col_mo, drop = TRUE])) {
    if (isTRUE(info)) {
-      message_("=> Found ", font_bold(paste(length(c(row.start:row.end)), "first isolates")),
-        ", as all isolates were different microbial species",
-        add_fn = font_black,
+      message_("=> Found {.strong {length(c(row.start:row.end))} first isolates}, as all isolates were different microbial species",
        as_note = FALSE
      )
    }
@@ -450,14 +449,12 @@ first_isolate <- function(x = NULL,
      if (type == "keyantimicrobials") {
        message_("Basing inclusion on key antimicrobials, ",
          ifelse(ignore_I == FALSE, "not ", ""),
-          "ignoring I",
-          add_fn = font_red
+          "ignoring I"
        )
      }
      if (type == "points") {
        message_("Basing inclusion on all antimicrobial results, using a points threshold of ",
-          points_threshold,
-          add_fn = font_red
+          points_threshold
        )
      }
    }
@@ -516,9 +513,7 @@ first_isolate <- function(x = NULL,
  if (any(!is.na(x$newvar_is_icu)) && any(x$newvar_is_icu == TRUE, na.rm = TRUE)) {
    if (icu_exclude == TRUE) {
      if (isTRUE(info)) {
-        message_("Excluding ", format(sum(x$newvar_is_icu, na.rm = TRUE), decimal.mark = decimal.mark, big.mark = big.mark), " isolates from ICU.",
-          add_fn = font_red
-        )
+        message_("Excluding ", format(sum(x$newvar_is_icu, na.rm = TRUE), decimal.mark = decimal.mark, big.mark = big.mark), " isolates from ICU.")
      }
      x[which(x$newvar_is_icu), "newvar_first_isolate"] <- FALSE
    } else if (isTRUE(info)) {
@@ -542,9 +537,8 @@ first_isolate <- function(x = NULL,
            paste0('"', x, '"')
          }
        })
-        message_("\nGroup: ", paste0(names(group), " = ", group, collapse = ", "), "\n",
-          as_note = FALSE,
-          add_fn = font_red
+        message_("\nGroup: {toString(paste0(names(group), ' = ', group))}\n",
+          as_note = FALSE
        )
      }
    }
@@ -557,8 +551,7 @@ first_isolate <- function(x = NULL,
      format(sum(x$newvar_mo == "UNKNOWN", na.rm = TRUE),
        decimal.mark = decimal.mark, big.mark = big.mark
      ),
-      " isolates with a microbial ID 'UNKNOWN' (in column '", font_bold(col_mo), "')",
-      add_fn = font_red
+      " isolates with a microbial ID 'UNKNOWN' (in column '", font_bold(col_mo), "')"
    )
  }
  x[which(x$newvar_mo == "UNKNOWN"), "newvar_first_isolate"] <- include_unknown
@@ -569,8 +562,7 @@ first_isolate <- function(x = NULL,
      "Excluding ", format(sum(is.na(x$newvar_mo), na.rm = TRUE),
        decimal.mark = decimal.mark, big.mark = big.mark
      ),
-      " isolates with a microbial ID `NA` (in column '", font_bold(col_mo), "')",
-      add_fn = font_red
+      " isolates with a microbial ID `NA` (in column '", font_bold(col_mo), "')"
    )
  }
  x[which(is.na(x$newvar_mo)), "newvar_first_isolate"] <- FALSE
@@ -616,7 +608,7 @@ first_isolate <- function(x = NULL,
        ),
        p_found_total, " of total where a microbial ID was available)"
      ),
-      add_fn = font_black, as_note = FALSE
+      as_note = FALSE
    )
  }

@@ -177,6 +177,7 @@ ggplot_sir <- function(data,
                       nrow = NULL,
                       colours = c(
                         S = "#3CAEA3",
+                         SDD = "#8FD6C4",
                         SI = "#3CAEA3",
                         I = "#F6D55C",
                         IR = "#ED553B",
@@ -205,7 +206,7 @@ ggplot_sir <- function(data,
  meet_criteria(minimum, allow_class = c("numeric", "integer"), has_length = 1, is_positive_or_zero = TRUE, is_finite = TRUE)
  language <- validate_language(language)
  meet_criteria(nrow, allow_class = c("numeric", "integer"), has_length = 1, allow_NULL = TRUE, is_positive = TRUE, is_finite = TRUE)
-  meet_criteria(colours, allow_class = c("character", "logical"))
+  meet_criteria(colours, allow_class = c("character", "logical"), allow_NULL = TRUE)
  meet_criteria(datalabels, allow_class = "logical", has_length = 1)
  meet_criteria(datalabels.size, allow_class = c("numeric", "integer"), has_length = 1, is_positive = TRUE, is_finite = TRUE)
  meet_criteria(datalabels.colour, allow_class = "character", has_length = 1)
@@ -245,7 +246,7 @@ ggplot_sir <- function(data,
    ) +
    theme_sir()

-  if (fill == "interpretation") {
+  if (fill == "interpretation" && !is.null(colours) && !isFALSE(colours)) {
    p <- suppressWarnings(p + scale_sir_colours(aesthetics = "fill", colours = colours))
  }

@@ -79,7 +79,6 @@ guess_ab_col <- function(x = NULL, search_string = NULL, verbose = FALSE, only_s
    if (isTRUE(verbose)) {
      message_("No column found as input for ", search_string,
        " (", ab_name(search_string, language = NULL, tolower = TRUE), ").",
-        add_fn = font_black,
        as_note = FALSE
      )
    }
@@ -211,7 +210,7 @@ get_column_abx <- function(x,
    newnames <- suppressWarnings(as.ab(names(dots), info = FALSE))
    if (anyNA(newnames)) {
      if (isTRUE(info)) {
-        message_(paste0(font_yellow(font_bold(" WARNING: ")), "some columns returned `NA` for `as.ab()`"), as_note = FALSE)
+        message_("WARNING: some columns returned NA for {.help [{.fun as.ab}](AMR::as.ab)}", as_note = FALSE)
      }
      warning_("Invalid antibiotic reference(s): ", vector_and(names(dots)[is.na(newnames)], quotes = FALSE),
        call = FALSE,
@@ -222,7 +221,7 @@ get_column_abx <- function(x,
    unexisting_cols <- which(!vapply(FUN.VALUE = logical(1), dots, function(col) all(col %in% x_columns)))
    if (length(unexisting_cols) > 0) {
      if (isTRUE(info)) {
-        message_(" ERROR", add_fn = list(font_red, font_bold), as_note = FALSE)
+        message_(" ERROR", as_note = FALSE)
      }
      stop_("Column(s) not found: ", vector_and(unlist(dots[[unexisting_cols]]), quotes = FALSE),
        call = FALSE
@@ -266,11 +265,11 @@ get_column_abx <- function(x,

    if (isTRUE(info)) {
      if (all_okay == TRUE) {
-        message_(" OK.", add_fn = list(font_green, font_bold), as_note = FALSE)
+        message_(" OK.", as_note = FALSE)
      } else if (!isFALSE(dups)) {
-        message_(paste0(font_yellow(font_bold(" WARNING: ")), "some results from `as.ab()` are duplicated: ", vector_and(dups, quotes = "`")), as_note = FALSE)
+        message_("WARNING: some results from {.help [{.fun as.ab}](AMR::as.ab)} are duplicated: ", vector_and(dups, quotes = "`"), as_note = FALSE)
      } else {
-        message_(" WARNING.", add_fn = list(font_yellow, font_bold), as_note = FALSE)
+        message_(" WARNING.", as_note = FALSE)
      }

      for (i in seq_len(length(out))) {
@@ -288,8 +287,7 @@ get_column_abx <- function(x,
                "Column '", font_bold(out[i]), "' will not be used for ",
                names(out)[i], " (", suppressMessages(ab_name(names(out)[i], tolower = TRUE, language = NULL, fast_mode = TRUE)), ")",
                ", as this antimicrobial has already been set."
-              ),
-              add_fn = font_red
+              )
            )
          }
        }
@@ -53,15 +53,16 @@ format_eucast_version_nr <- function(version, markdown = TRUE) {
  vector_and(txt, quotes = FALSE)
 }

-#' Apply EUCAST Rules
+#' Apply Interpretive Rules
 #'
 #' @description
-#' Apply rules from clinical breakpoints notes and expected resistant phenotypes as defined by the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST, <https://www.eucast.org>), see *Source*. Use [eucast_dosage()] to get a [data.frame] with advised dosages of a certain bug-drug combination, which is based on the [dosage] data set.
+#' Apply rules from clinical breakpoints notes and expected resistant phenotypes as defined by e.g. the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST, <https://www.eucast.org>), see *Source*. Use [eucast_dosage()] to get a [data.frame] with advised dosages of a certain bug-drug combination, which is based on the [dosage] data set.
 #'
-#' To improve the interpretation of the antibiogram before EUCAST rules are applied, some non-EUCAST rules can applied at default, see *Details*.
+#' To improve the interpretation of the antibiogram before CLSI/EUCAST interpretive rules are applied, some AMR-specific rules can be applied at default, see *Details*.
 #' @param x A data set with antimicrobials columns, such as `amox`, `AMX` and `AMC`.
 #' @param info A [logical] to indicate whether progress should be printed to the console - the default is only print while in interactive sessions.
-#' @param rules A [character] vector that specifies which rules should be applied. Must be one or more of `"breakpoints"`, `"expected_phenotypes"`, `"expert"`, `"other"`, `"custom"`, `"all"`, and defaults to `c("breakpoints", "expected_phenotypes")`. The default value can be set to another value using the package option [`AMR_eucastrules`][AMR-options]: `options(AMR_eucastrules = "all")`. If using `"custom"`, be sure to fill in argument `custom_rules` too. Custom rules can be created with [custom_eucast_rules()].
+#' @param guideline A guideline name, either "EUCAST" (default) or "CLSI". This can be set with the package option [`AMR_guideline`][AMR-options].
+#' @param rules A [character] vector that specifies which rules should be applied. Must be one or more of `"breakpoints"`, `"expected_phenotypes"`, `"expert"`, `"other"`, `"custom"`, `"all"`, and defaults to `c("breakpoints", "expected_phenotypes")`. The default value can be set to another value using the package option [`AMR_interpretive_rules`][AMR-options]: `options(AMR_interpretive_rules = "all")`. If using `"custom"`, be sure to fill in argument `custom_rules` too. Custom rules can be created with [custom_eucast_rules()].
 #' @param verbose A [logical] to turn Verbose mode on and off (default is off). In Verbose mode, the function does not apply rules to the data, but instead returns a data set in logbook form with extensive info about which rows and columns would be effected and in which way. Using Verbose mode takes a lot more time.
 #' @param version_breakpoints The version number to use for the EUCAST Clinical Breakpoints guideline. Can be `r vector_or(names(EUCAST_VERSION_BREAKPOINTS), reverse = TRUE)`.
 #' @param version_expected_phenotypes The version number to use for the EUCAST Expected Phenotypes. Can be `r vector_or(names(EUCAST_VERSION_EXPECTED_PHENOTYPES), reverse = TRUE)`.
@@ -100,9 +101,9 @@ format_eucast_version_nr <- function(version, markdown = TRUE) {
 #'
 #' Important examples include amoxicillin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, and trimethoprim and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Needless to say, for these rules to work, both drugs must be available in the data set.
 #'
-#' Since these rules are not officially approved by EUCAST, they are not applied at default. To use these rules, include `"other"` to the `rules` argument, or use `eucast_rules(..., rules = "all")`. You can also set the package option [`AMR_eucastrules`][AMR-options], i.e. run `options(AMR_eucastrules = "all")`.
+#' Since these rules are not officially approved by EUCAST, they are not applied at default. To use these rules, include `"other"` to the `rules` argument, or use `eucast_rules(..., rules = "all")`. You can also set the package option [`AMR_interpretive_rules`][AMR-options], i.e. run `options(AMR_interpretive_rules = "all")`.
 #' @aliases EUCAST
-#' @rdname eucast_rules
+#' @rdname interpretive_rules
 #' @export
 #' @return The input of `x`, possibly with edited values of antimicrobials. Or, if `verbose = TRUE`, a [data.frame] with all original and new values of the affected bug-drug combinations.
 #' @source
@@ -156,21 +157,23 @@ format_eucast_version_nr <- function(version, markdown = TRUE) {
 #' eucast_dosage(c("tobra", "genta", "cipro"), "iv")
 #'
 #' eucast_dosage(c("tobra", "genta", "cipro"), "iv", version_breakpoints = 10)
-eucast_rules <- function(x,
-                         col_mo = NULL,
-                         info = interactive(),
-                         rules = getOption("AMR_eucastrules", default = c("breakpoints", "expected_phenotypes")),
-                         verbose = FALSE,
-                         version_breakpoints = 15.0,
-                         version_expected_phenotypes = 1.2,
-                         version_expertrules = 3.3,
-                         ampc_cephalosporin_resistance = NA,
-                         only_sir_columns = any(is.sir(x)),
-                         custom_rules = NULL,
-                         overwrite = FALSE,
-                         ...) {
+interpretive_rules <- function(x,
+                               col_mo = NULL,
+                               info = interactive(),
+                               rules = getOption("AMR_interpretive_rules", default = c("breakpoints", "expected_phenotypes")),
+                               guideline = getOption("AMR_guideline", "EUCAST"),
+                               verbose = FALSE,
+                               version_breakpoints = 15.0,
+                               version_expected_phenotypes = 1.2,
+                               version_expertrules = 3.3,
+                               ampc_cephalosporin_resistance = NA,
+                               only_sir_columns = any(is.sir(x)),
+                               custom_rules = NULL,
+                               overwrite = FALSE,
+                               ...) {
  meet_criteria(x, allow_class = "data.frame")
  meet_criteria(col_mo, allow_class = "character", has_length = 1, is_in = colnames(x), allow_NULL = TRUE)
+  meet_criteria(guideline, allow_class = "character", has_length = 1, is_in = c("EUCAST", "CLSI"))
  meet_criteria(info, allow_class = "logical", has_length = 1)
  meet_criteria(rules, allow_class = "character", has_length = c(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6), is_in = c("breakpoints", "expected_phenotypes", "expert", "other", "all", "custom"))
  meet_criteria(verbose, allow_class = "logical", has_length = 1)
@@ -182,21 +185,26 @@ eucast_rules <- function(x,
  meet_criteria(custom_rules, allow_class = "custom_eucast_rules", allow_NULL = TRUE)
  meet_criteria(overwrite, allow_class = "logical", has_length = 1)

+  stop_if(
+    guideline == "CLSI",
+    "CLSI guideline is not yet supported."
+  )
+
  stop_if(
    !is.na(ampc_cephalosporin_resistance) && !any(c("expert", "all") %in% rules),
-    "For the `ampc_cephalosporin_resistance` argument to work, the `rules` argument must contain `\"expert\"` or `\"all\"`."
+    "For the {.arg ampc_cephalosporin_resistance} argument to work, the {.arg rules} argument must contain {.code \"expert\"} or {.code \"all\"}."
  )

  add_MO_lookup_to_AMR_env()

  if ("custom" %in% rules && is.null(custom_rules)) {
-    warning_("in `eucast_rules()`: no custom rules were set with the `custom_rules` argument",
+    warning_("in {.help [{.fun eucast_rules}](AMR::eucast_rules)}: no custom rules were set with the {.arg custom_rules} argument",
      immediate = TRUE
    )
    rules <- rules[rules != "custom"]
    if (length(rules) == 0) {
      if (isTRUE(info)) {
-        message_("No other rules were set, returning original data", add_fn = font_red, as_note = FALSE)
+        message_("No other rules were set, returning original data", as_note = FALSE)
      }
      return(x)
    }
@@ -224,7 +232,7 @@ eucast_rules <- function(x,
      q_continue <- utils::menu(choices = c("OK", "Cancel"), graphics = FALSE, title = txt)
    }
    if (q_continue %in% c(FALSE, 2)) {
-      message_("Cancelled, returning original data", add_fn = font_red, as_note = FALSE)
+      message_("Cancelled, returning original data", as_note = FALSE)
      return(x)
    }
  }
@@ -233,7 +241,7 @@ eucast_rules <- function(x,
  # -- mo
  if (is.null(col_mo)) {
    col_mo <- search_type_in_df(x = x, type = "mo", info = info)
-    stop_if(is.null(col_mo), "`col_mo` must be set")
+    stop_if(is.null(col_mo), "{.arg col_mo} must be set")
  }

  decimal.mark <- getOption("OutDec")
@@ -442,7 +450,7 @@ eucast_rules <- function(x,
    # big speed gain! only analyse unique rows:
    pm_distinct(`.rowid`, .keep_all = TRUE) %pm>%
    as.data.frame(stringsAsFactors = FALSE)
-  x[, col_mo] <- as.mo(as.character(x[, col_mo, drop = TRUE]), info = info)
+  x[, col_mo] <- as.mo(as.character(x[, col_mo, drop = TRUE]), info = FALSE)
  # rename col_mo to prevent interference with joined columns
  colnames(x)[colnames(x) == col_mo] <- ".col_mo"
  col_mo <- ".col_mo"
@@ -450,13 +458,20 @@ eucast_rules <- function(x,
  x <- left_join_microorganisms(x, by = col_mo, suffix = c("_oldcols", ""))
  x$gramstain <- mo_gramstain(x[, col_mo, drop = TRUE], language = NULL, info = FALSE)
  x$genus_species <- trimws(paste(x$genus, x$species))
-  if (isTRUE(info) && NROW(x) > 10000) {
-    message_(" OK.", add_fn = list(font_green, font_bold), as_note = FALSE)
+  if (isTRUE(info) && NROW(x.bak) > 10000) {
+    message_("OK.", as_note = FALSE)
  }

  n_added <- 0
  n_changed <- 0

+  rule_current <- ""
+  rule_group_current <- ""
+  rule_group_previous <- ""
+  rule_next <- ""
+  rule_previous <- ""
+  rule_text <- ""
+
  # >>> Apply Other rules: enzyme inhibitors <<< ------------------------------------------
  if (any(c("all", "other") %in% rules)) {
    if (isTRUE(info)) {
@@ -466,7 +481,7 @@ eucast_rules <- function(x,
          "Rules by the ",
          font_bold(paste0("AMR package v", utils::packageDescription("AMR")$Version)),
          " (", format(as.Date(utils::packageDescription("AMR")$Date), format = "%Y"),
-          "), see `?eucast_rules`\n"
+          "), see {.help [{.fun eucast_rules}](AMR::eucast_rules)}\n"
        )
      ))
      cat("\n\n")
@@ -580,23 +595,13 @@ eucast_rules <- function(x,
  } else {
    if (isTRUE(info)) {
      cat("\n")
-      message_(paste0(
-        font_red("Skipping inhibitor-inheritance rules defined by this AMR package: setting "),
-        font_green_bg(" S "),
-        font_red(" to drug+inhibitor where drug is "),
-        font_green_bg(" S "),
-        font_red(", and setting "),
-        font_rose_bg(" R "),
-        font_red(" to drug where drug+inhibitor is "),
-        font_rose_bg(" R "),
-        font_red(". Add \"other\" or \"all\" to the `rules` argument to apply those rules.")
-      ))
+      message_("Skipping inhibitor-inheritance rules defined by this AMR package: setting S to drug+inhibitor where drug is S, and setting R to drug where drug+inhibitor is R. Add \"other\" or \"all\" to the {.arg rules} argument to apply those rules.")
    }
  }

  if (!any(c("all", "custom") %in% rules) && !is.null(custom_rules)) {
    if (isTRUE(info)) {
-      message_("Skipping custom EUCAST rules, since the `rules` argument does not contain \"custom\".")
+      message_("Skipping custom EUCAST rules, since the {.arg rules} argument does not contain {.code \"custom\"}.")
    }
    custom_rules <- NULL
  }
@@ -617,31 +622,16 @@ eucast_rules <- function(x,
    eucast_rules_df <- eucast_rules_df %pm>%
      rbind_AMR(eucast_rules_df_total %pm>%
        subset(reference.rule_group %like% "breakpoint" & reference.version == version_breakpoints))
-    # eucast_rules_df <- subset(
-    #   eucast_rules_df,
-    #   reference.rule_group %unlike% "breakpoint" |
-    #     (reference.rule_group %like% "breakpoint" & reference.version == version_breakpoints)
-    # )
  }
  if (any(c("all", "expected_phenotypes") %in% rules)) {
    eucast_rules_df <- eucast_rules_df %pm>%
      rbind_AMR(eucast_rules_df_total %pm>%
        subset(reference.rule_group %like% "expected" & reference.version == version_expected_phenotypes))
-    # eucast_rules_df <- subset(
-    #   eucast_rules_df,
-    #   reference.rule_group %unlike% "expected" |
-    #     (reference.rule_group %like% "expected" & reference.version == version_expected_phenotypes)
-    # )
  }
  if (any(c("all", "expert") %in% rules)) {
    eucast_rules_df <- eucast_rules_df %pm>%
      rbind_AMR(eucast_rules_df_total %pm>%
        subset(reference.rule_group %like% "expert" & reference.version == version_expertrules))
-    # eucast_rules_df <- subset(
-    #   eucast_rules_df,
-    #   reference.rule_group %unlike% "expert" |
-    #     (reference.rule_group %like% "expert" & reference.version == version_expertrules)
-    # )
  }
  ## filter out AmpC de-repressed cephalosporin-resistant mutants ----
  # no need to filter on version number here - the rules contain these version number, so are inherently filtered
@@ -664,14 +654,16 @@ eucast_rules <- function(x,
  # we only hints on remaining rows in `eucast_rules_df`
  screening_abx <- as.character(AMR::antimicrobials$ab[which(AMR::antimicrobials$ab %like% "-S$")])
  screening_abx <- screening_abx[screening_abx %in% unique(unlist(strsplit(EUCAST_RULES_DF$and_these_antibiotics[!is.na(EUCAST_RULES_DF$and_these_antibiotics)], ", *")))]
+  if (isTRUE(info)) {
+    cat("\n")
+  }
  for (ab_s in screening_abx) {
    ab <- gsub("-S$", "", ab_s)
    if (ab %in% names(cols_ab) && !ab_s %in% names(cols_ab)) {
      if (isTRUE(info)) {
        message_("Using column '", cols_ab[names(cols_ab) == ab],
          "' as ", ab_name(ab_s, language = NULL, tolower = TRUE),
-          " since a column '", ab_s, "' is missing but required for the chosen rules",
-          add_fn = font_red
+          " since a column '", ab_s, "' is missing but required for the chosen rules"
        )
      }
      cols_ab <- c(cols_ab, stats::setNames(unname(cols_ab[names(cols_ab) == ab]), ab_s))
@@ -894,7 +886,9 @@ eucast_rules <- function(x,
    }
    for (i in seq_len(length(custom_rules))) {
      rule <- custom_rules[[i]]
-      rows <- which(eval(parse(text = rule$query), envir = x))
+      rows <- tryCatch(which(eval(parse(text = rule$query), envir = x)),
+        error = function(e) stop_(conditionMessage(e), " (check available data and compare with the custom rules set)", call = FALSE)
+      )
      cols <- as.character(rule$result_group)
      cols <- c(
        cols[cols %in% colnames(x)], # direct column names
@@ -908,9 +902,8 @@ eucast_rules <- function(x,
        get_antibiotic_names(cols)
      )
      if (isTRUE(info)) {
-        # print rule
        cat(italicise_taxonomy(
-          word_wrap(format_custom_query_rule(rule$query, colours = FALSE),
+          word_wrap(rule_text,
            width = getOption("width") - 30,
            extra_indent = 6
          ),
@@ -1057,9 +1050,9 @@ eucast_rules <- function(x,
    cat(paste0(font_grey(strrep("-", 0.95 * getOption("width", 100))), "\n"))

    if (isFALSE(verbose) && total_n_added + total_n_changed > 0) {
-      cat("\n", word_wrap("Use `eucast_rules(..., verbose = TRUE)` (on your original data) to get a data.frame with all specified edits instead."), "\n\n", sep = "")
+      cat("\n", word_wrap("Use ", highlight_code("eucast_rules(..., verbose = TRUE)"), " (on your original data) to get a data.frame with all specified edits instead."), "\n\n", sep = "")
    } else if (isTRUE(verbose)) {
-      cat("\n", word_wrap("Used 'Verbose mode' (`verbose = TRUE`), which returns a data.frame with all specified edits.\nUse `verbose = FALSE` to apply the rules on your data."), "\n\n", sep = "")
+      cat("\n", word_wrap("Used 'Verbose mode' ({.code verbose = TRUE}), which returns a data.frame with all specified edits.\nUse {.code verbose = FALSE} to apply the rules on your data."), "\n\n", sep = "")
    }
  }

@@ -1069,13 +1062,13 @@ eucast_rules <- function(x,
    warn_lacking_sir_class <- warn_lacking_sir_class[order(colnames(x.bak))]
    warn_lacking_sir_class <- warn_lacking_sir_class[!is.na(warn_lacking_sir_class)]
    warning_(
-      "in `eucast_rules()`: not all columns with antimicrobial results are of class 'sir'. Transform them on beforehand, with e.g.:\n",
-      "  - ", x_deparsed, " %>% as.sir(", ifelse(length(warn_lacking_sir_class) == 1,
+      "in {.help [{.fun eucast_rules}](AMR::eucast_rules)}: not all columns with antimicrobial results are of class 'sir'. Transform them on beforehand, with e.g.:\n",
+      "  - ", highlight_code(paste0(x_deparsed, " %>% as.sir(", ifelse(length(warn_lacking_sir_class) == 1,
        warn_lacking_sir_class,
        paste0(warn_lacking_sir_class[1], ":", warn_lacking_sir_class[length(warn_lacking_sir_class)])
-      ), ")\n",
-      "  - ", x_deparsed, " %>% mutate_if(is_sir_eligible, as.sir)\n",
-      "  - ", x_deparsed, " %>% mutate(across(where(is_sir_eligible), as.sir))"
+      ), ")")), "\n",
+      "  - ", highlight_code(paste0(x_deparsed, " %>% mutate_if(is_sir_eligible, as.sir)")), "\n",
+      "  - ", highlight_code(paste0(x_deparsed, " %>% mutate(across(where(is_sir_eligible), as.sir))"))
    )
  }

@@ -1096,6 +1089,29 @@ eucast_rules <- function(x,
  }
 }

+#' @rdname interpretive_rules
+#' @export
+eucast_rules <- function(x,
+                         col_mo = NULL,
+                         info = interactive(),
+                         rules = getOption("AMR_interpretive_rules", default = c("breakpoints", "expected_phenotypes")),
+                         ...) {
+  if (!is.null(getOption("AMR_eucastrules", default = NULL))) {
+    warning_("The global option {.code AMR_eucastrules} that you have set is now invalid was ignored - set {.code AMR_interpretive_rules} instead. See {.topic [AMR-options](AMR::AMR-options)}.")
+  }
+  interpretive_rules(x = x, col_mo = col_mo, info = info, rules = rules, guideline = "EUCAST", ...)
+}
+
+#' @rdname interpretive_rules
+#' @export
+clsi_rules <- function(x,
+                       col_mo = NULL,
+                       info = interactive(),
+                       rules = getOption("AMR_interpretive_rules", default = c("breakpoints", "expected_phenotypes")),
+                       ...) {
+  interpretive_rules(x = x, col_mo = col_mo, info = info, rules = rules, guideline = "CLSI", ...)
+}
+
 # helper function for editing the table ----
 edit_sir <- function(x,
                     to,
@@ -1135,10 +1151,10 @@ edit_sir <- function(x,
      track_changes$sir_warn <- cols[!vapply(FUN.VALUE = logical(1), x[, cols, drop = FALSE], is.sir)]
    }
    isNA <- is.na(new_edits[rows, cols])
-    isSIR <- !isNA & (new_edits[rows, cols] == "S" | new_edits[rows, cols] == "I" | new_edits[rows, cols] == "R" | new_edits[rows, cols] == "SDD" | new_edits[rows, cols] == "NI")
+    isSIR <- !isNA & (new_edits[rows, cols] == "S" | new_edits[rows, cols] == "I" | new_edits[rows, cols] == "R" | new_edits[rows, cols] == "SDD" | new_edits[rows, cols] == "NI" | new_edits[rows, cols] == "WT" | new_edits[rows, cols] == "NWT" | new_edits[rows, cols] == "NS")
    non_SIR <- !isSIR
    if (isFALSE(overwrite) && any(isSIR) && message_not_thrown_before("edit_sir.warning_overwrite")) {
-      warning_("Some values had SIR values and were not overwritten, since `overwrite = FALSE`.")
+      warning_("Some values had SIR values and were not overwritten, since {.code overwrite = FALSE}.")
    }
    tryCatch(
      # insert into original table
@@ -1162,7 +1178,7 @@ edit_sir <- function(x,
            suppressWarnings(new_edits[rows, cols][non_SIR] <<- to)
          }
          warning_(
-            "in `eucast_rules()`: value \"", to, "\" added to the factor levels of column",
+            "in {.help [{.fun eucast_rules}](AMR::eucast_rules)}: value \"", to, "\" added to the factor levels of column",
            ifelse(length(cols) == 1, "", "s"),
            " ", vector_and(cols, quotes = "`", sort = FALSE),
            " because this value was not an existing factor level."
@@ -1170,7 +1186,7 @@ edit_sir <- function(x,
          txt_warning()
          warned <- FALSE
        } else {
-          warning_("in `eucast_rules()`: ", w$message)
+          warning_("in {.help [{.fun eucast_rules}](AMR::eucast_rules)}: ", w$message)
          txt_warning()
        }
      },
@@ -1182,7 +1198,7 @@ edit_sir <- function(x,
            ifelse(length(rows) > 10, "...", ""),
            " while writing value '", to,
            "' to column(s) `", paste(cols, collapse = "`, `"),
-            "`:\n", e$message
+            "`:\n", conditionMessage(e)
          ),
          call. = FALSE
        )
@@ -1234,7 +1250,7 @@ edit_sir <- function(x,
  return(track_changes)
 }

-#' @rdname eucast_rules
+#' @rdname interpretive_rules
 #' @export
 eucast_dosage <- function(ab, administration = "iv", version_breakpoints = 15) {
  meet_criteria(ab, allow_class = c("character", "numeric", "integer", "factor"))
@@ -143,9 +143,9 @@ join_microorganisms <- function(type, x, by, suffix, ...) {
    if (is.null(by) && NCOL(x) == 1) {
      by <- colnames(x)[1L]
    } else {
-      stop_if(is.null(by), "no column with microorganism names or codes found, set this column with `by`", call = -2)
+      stop_if(is.null(by), "no column with microorganism names or codes found, set this column with {.arg by}", call = -2)
    }
-    message_('Joining, by = "', by, '"', add_fn = font_black, as_note = FALSE) # message same as dplyr::join functions
+    message_('Joining, by = "{by}"', as_note = FALSE) # message same as dplyr::join functions
  }
  if (!all(x[, by, drop = TRUE] %in% AMR_env$MO_lookup$mo, na.rm = TRUE)) {
    x$join.mo <- as.mo(x[, by, drop = TRUE])
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ join_microorganisms <- function(type, x, by, suffix, ...) {
  }

  if (type %like% "full|left|right|inner" && NROW(joined) > NROW(x)) {
-    warning_("in `", type, "_microorganisms()`: the newly joined data set contains ", nrow(joined) - nrow(x), " rows more than the number of rows of `x`.")
+    warning_("in `{type}_microorganisms()`: the newly joined data set contains {nrow(joined) - nrow(x)} rows more than the number of rows of {.arg x}.")
  }

  as_original_data_class(joined, class(x.bak)) # will remove tibble groups
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ key_antimicrobials <- function(x = NULL,
          "No columns available ",
          paste0("Only using ", values_new_length, " out of ", values_old_length, " defined columns ")
        ),
-        "as key antimicrobials for ", name, "s. See `?key_antimicrobials`."
+        "as key antimicrobials for ", name, "s. See {.help [{.fun key_antimicrobials}](AMR::key_antimicrobials)}."
      )
    }

@@ -282,6 +282,9 @@ generate_antimicrobials_string <- function(df) {
          function(x) {
            x <- toupper(as.character(x))
            x[x == "SDD"] <- "I"
+            x[x == "WT"] <- "S"
+            x[x == "NWT"] <- "R"
+            x[x == "NS"] <- "R"
            # ignore "NI" here, no use for determining first isolates
            x[!x %in% c("S", "I", "R")] <- "."
            paste(x)
@@ -312,9 +315,7 @@ antimicrobials_equal <- function(y,
  key2sir <- function(val) {
    val <- strsplit(val, "", fixed = TRUE)[[1L]]
    val.int <- rep(NA_real_, length(val))
-    val.int[val == "S"] <- 1
-    val.int[val %in% c("I", "SDD")] <- 2
-    val.int[val == "R"] <- 3
+    val.int[val %in% VALID_SIR_LEVELS] <- as.double(as.sir(val[val %in% VALID_SIR_LEVELS]))
    val.int
  }
  # only run on uniques
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 #'
 #' Determine which isolates are multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) according to international, national, or custom guidelines.
 #' @param x A [data.frame] with antimicrobials columns, like `AMX` or `amox`. Can be left blank for automatic determination.
-#' @param guideline A specific guideline to follow, see sections *Supported international / national guidelines* and *Using Custom Guidelines* below. When left empty, the publication by Magiorakos *et al.* (see below) will be followed.
+#' @param guideline A specific guideline to follow, see sections *Supported International / National Guidelines* and *Using Custom Guidelines* below. When left empty, the publication by Magiorakos *et al.* (see below) will be followed.
 #' @param esbl [logical] values, or a column name containing logical values, indicating the presence of an ESBL gene (or production of its proteins).
 #' @param carbapenemase [logical] values, or a column name containing logical values, indicating the presence of a carbapenemase gene (or production of its proteins).
 #' @param mecA [logical] values, or a column name containing logical values, indicating the presence of a *mecA* gene (or production of its proteins).
@@ -41,7 +41,8 @@
 #' @inheritParams eucast_rules
 #' @param pct_required_classes Minimal required percentage of antimicrobial classes that must be available per isolate, rounded down. For example, with the default guideline, 17 antimicrobial classes must be available for *S. aureus*. Setting this `pct_required_classes` argument to `0.5` (default) means that for every *S. aureus* isolate at least 8 different classes must be available. Any lower number of available classes will return `NA` for that isolate.
 #' @param combine_SI A [logical] to indicate whether all values of S and I must be merged into one, so resistance is only considered when isolates are R, not I. As this is the default behaviour of the [mdro()] function, it follows the redefinition by EUCAST about the interpretation of I (increased exposure) in 2019, see section 'Interpretation of S, I and R' below. When using `combine_SI = FALSE`, resistance is considered when isolates are R or I.
-#' @param verbose A [logical] to turn Verbose mode on and off (default is off). In Verbose mode, the function does not return the MDRO results, but instead returns a data set in logbook form with extensive info about which isolates would be MDRO-positive, or why they are not.
+#' @param verbose A [logical] to turn Verbose mode on and off (default is off). In Verbose mode, the function returns a data set with the MDRO results in logbook form with extensive info about which isolates would be MDRO-positive, or why they are not.
+#' @param infer_from_combinations A [logical] to indicate whether resistance for a missing base beta-lactam drug should be inferred from an available drug+inhibitor combination (e.g., piperacillin from piperacillin/tazobactam). The clinical basis is that resistance in a combination always implies resistance in the base drug, since the enzyme inhibitor provides no benefit when the organism is truly resistant. Only resistance is inferred; susceptibility in a combination does **not** imply susceptibility in the base drug (the inhibitor may be responsible). Defaults to `TRUE`.
 #' @details
 #' These functions are context-aware. This means that the `x` argument can be left blank if used inside a [data.frame] call, see *Examples*.
 #'
@@ -143,6 +144,7 @@ mdro <- function(x = NULL,
                 combine_SI = TRUE,
                 verbose = FALSE,
                 only_sir_columns = any(is.sir(x)),
+                 infer_from_combinations = TRUE,
                 ...) {
  if (is_null_or_grouped_tbl(x)) {
    # when `x` is left blank, auto determine it (get_current_data() searches underlying data within call)
@@ -165,57 +167,32 @@ mdro <- function(x = NULL,
  meet_criteria(combine_SI, allow_class = "logical", has_length = 1)
  meet_criteria(verbose, allow_class = "logical", has_length = 1)
  meet_criteria(only_sir_columns, allow_class = "logical", has_length = 1)
-
+  meet_criteria(infer_from_combinations, allow_class = "logical", has_length = 1)

  if (isTRUE(only_sir_columns) && !any(is.sir(x))) {
-    stop_("There were no SIR columns found in the data set, despite `only_sir_columns` being `TRUE`. Transform columns with `as.sir()` for valid antimicrobial interpretations.")
+    stop_("There were no SIR columns found in the data set, despite {.arg only_sir_columns} being {.code TRUE}. Transform columns with {.help [{.fun as.sir}](AMR::as.sir)} for valid antimicrobial interpretations.")
  } else if (!isTRUE(only_sir_columns) && !any(is.sir(x)) && !any(is_sir_eligible(x))) {
-    stop_("There were no eligible SIR columns found in the data set. Transform columns with `as.sir()` for valid antimicrobial interpretations.")
+    stop_("There were no eligible SIR columns found in the data set. Transform columns with {.help [{.fun as.sir}](AMR::as.sir)} for valid antimicrobial interpretations.")
  }

  # get gene values as TRUE/FALSE
-  if (is.character(esbl)) {
-    meet_criteria(esbl, is_in = colnames(x), allow_NA = FALSE, has_length = 1)
-    esbl <- x[[esbl]]
-    meet_criteria(esbl, allow_class = "logical", allow_NA = TRUE)
-  } else if (length(esbl) == 1) {
-    esbl <- rep(esbl, NROW(x))
-  }
-  if (is.character(carbapenemase)) {
-    meet_criteria(carbapenemase, is_in = colnames(x), allow_NA = FALSE, has_length = 1)
-    carbapenemase <- x[[carbapenemase]]
-    meet_criteria(carbapenemase, allow_class = "logical", allow_NA = TRUE)
-  } else if (length(carbapenemase) == 1) {
-    carbapenemase <- rep(carbapenemase, NROW(x))
-  }
-  if (is.character(mecA)) {
-    meet_criteria(mecA, is_in = colnames(x), allow_NA = FALSE, has_length = 1)
-    mecA <- x[[mecA]]
-    meet_criteria(mecA, allow_class = "logical", allow_NA = TRUE)
-  } else if (length(mecA) == 1) {
-    mecA <- rep(mecA, NROW(x))
-  }
-  if (is.character(mecC)) {
-    meet_criteria(mecC, is_in = colnames(x), allow_NA = FALSE, has_length = 1)
-    mecC <- x[[mecC]]
-    meet_criteria(mecC, allow_class = "logical", allow_NA = TRUE)
-  } else if (length(mecC) == 1) {
-    mecC <- rep(mecC, NROW(x))
-  }
-  if (is.character(vanA)) {
-    meet_criteria(vanA, is_in = colnames(x), allow_NA = FALSE, has_length = 1)
-    vanA <- x[[vanA]]
-    meet_criteria(vanA, allow_class = "logical", allow_NA = TRUE)
-  } else if (length(vanA) == 1) {
-    vanA <- rep(vanA, NROW(x))
-  }
-  if (is.character(vanB)) {
-    meet_criteria(vanB, is_in = colnames(x), allow_NA = FALSE, has_length = 1)
-    vanB <- x[[vanB]]
-    meet_criteria(vanB, allow_class = "logical", allow_NA = TRUE)
-  } else if (length(vanB) == 1) {
-    vanB <- rep(vanB, NROW(x))
+  resolve_gene_var <- function(x, gene, varname) {
+    if (is.character(gene)) {
+      meet_criteria(gene, is_in = colnames(x), allow_NA = FALSE, has_length = 1)
+      gene <- x[[gene]]
+      meet_criteria(gene, allow_class = "logical", allow_NA = TRUE)
+    } else if (length(gene) == 1) {
+      gene <- rep(gene, NROW(x))
+    }
+    x[[varname]] <- gene
+    x
  }
+  x <- resolve_gene_var(x, esbl, "esbl")
+  x <- resolve_gene_var(x, carbapenemase, "carbapenemase")
+  x <- resolve_gene_var(x, mecA, "mecA")
+  x <- resolve_gene_var(x, mecC, "mecC")
+  x <- resolve_gene_var(x, vanA, "vanA")
+  x <- resolve_gene_var(x, vanB, "vanB")

  info.bak <- info
  # don't throw info's more than once per call
@@ -236,7 +213,7 @@ mdro <- function(x = NULL,
      q_continue <- utils::menu(choices = c("OK", "Cancel"), graphics = FALSE, title = txt)
    }
    if (q_continue %in% c(FALSE, 2)) {
-      message_("Cancelled, returning original data", add_fn = font_red, as_note = FALSE)
+      message_("Cancelled, returning original data", as_note = FALSE)
      return(x)
    }
  }
@@ -274,7 +251,7 @@ mdro <- function(x = NULL,
  guideline.bak <- guideline
  if (is.list(guideline)) {
    # Custom MDRO guideline ---------------------------------------------------
-    stop_ifnot(inherits(guideline, "custom_mdro_guideline"), "use `custom_mdro_guideline()` to create custom guidelines")
+    stop_ifnot(inherits(guideline, "custom_mdro_guideline"), "use {.help [{.fun custom_mdro_guideline}](AMR::custom_mdro_guideline)} to create custom guidelines")
    if (isTRUE(info)) {
      txt <- paste0(
        "Determining MDROs based on custom rules",
@@ -351,13 +328,13 @@ mdro <- function(x = NULL,
  }
  if (is.null(col_mo) && guideline$code == "tb") {
    message_(
-      "No column found as input for `col_mo`, ",
+      "No column found as input for {.arg col_mo}, ",
      font_bold(paste0("assuming all rows contain ", font_italic("Mycobacterium tuberculosis"), "."))
    )
    x$mo <- as.mo("Mycobacterium tuberculosis", keep_synonyms = TRUE)
    col_mo <- "mo"
  }
-  stop_if(is.null(col_mo), "`col_mo` must be set")
+  stop_if(is.null(col_mo), "{.arg col_mo} must be set")

  if (guideline$code == "cmi2012") {
    guideline$name <- "Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant bacteria: an international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance."
@@ -499,12 +476,58 @@ mdro <- function(x = NULL,
  if (!"AMP" %in% names(cols_ab) && "AMX" %in% names(cols_ab)) {
    # ampicillin column is missing, but amoxicillin is available
    if (isTRUE(info)) {
-      message_("Using column '", cols_ab[names(cols_ab) == "AMX"], "' as input for ampicillin since many MDRO rules depend on it.", add_fn = font_red)
+      message_("Using column '", cols_ab[names(cols_ab) == "AMX"], "' as input for ampicillin since many MDRO rules depend on it.")
    }
    cols_ab <- c(cols_ab, c(AMP = unname(cols_ab[names(cols_ab) == "AMX"])))
  }
  cols_ab <- cols_ab[!duplicated(cols_ab)]

+  # Infer resistance for missing base drugs ----
+  if (isTRUE(infer_from_combinations)) {
+    .combos_in_data <- AB_BETALACTAMS_WITH_INHIBITOR[AB_BETALACTAMS_WITH_INHIBITOR %in% names(cols_ab)]
+    if (length(.combos_in_data) > 0) {
+      .base_drugs <- suppressMessages(
+        as.ab(gsub("/.*", "", ab_name(as.character(.combos_in_data), language = NULL)))
+      )
+      .unique_bases <- unique(.base_drugs[!is.na(.base_drugs)])
+      for (.base in .unique_bases) {
+        .base_code <- as.character(.base)
+        if (!.base_code %in% names(cols_ab)) {
+          # Base drug column absent; find all available combo columns for this base drug
+          .combos <- .combos_in_data[!is.na(.base_drugs) & as.character(.base_drugs) == .base_code]
+          .combo_cols <- unname(cols_ab[as.character(.combos)])
+          .combo_cols <- .combo_cols[!is.na(.combo_cols)]
+          if (length(.combo_cols) > 0) {
+            # Vectorised: if ANY combination is R, infer base drug as R; otherwise NA
+            .sir_chars <- as.data.frame(
+              lapply(x[, .combo_cols, drop = FALSE], function(col) as.character(as.sir(col))),
+              stringsAsFactors = FALSE
+            )
+            .new_col <- paste0(.base_code, ".inferred_sir_proxy_from#", paste0(.combos, collapse = "/"), "#")
+            x[[.new_col]] <- ifelse(rowSums(.sir_chars == "R", na.rm = TRUE) > 0L, "R", NA_character_)
+            cols_ab <- c(cols_ab, stats::setNames(.new_col, .base_code))
+            if (isTRUE(info.bak)) {
+              message_(
+                "Inferring resistance for ",
+                ab_name(.base_code, language = NULL, tolower = TRUE),
+                " (", font_bold(.base_code, collapse = NULL), ", ", font_italic("missing"), ") from ",
+                vector_or(
+                  quotes = FALSE,
+                  last_sep = " and/or ",
+                  paste0(
+                    ab_name(.combos, language = NULL, tolower = TRUE),
+                    " (", font_bold(.combos, collapse = NULL), ", ", font_italic("available"), ")"
+                  )
+                )
+              )
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      cols_ab <- cols_ab[!duplicated(names(cols_ab))]
+    }
+  }
+
  # nolint start
  AMC <- cols_ab["AMC"]
  AMK <- cols_ab["AMK"]
@@ -699,6 +722,16 @@ mdro <- function(x = NULL,
    x
  }

+  ab_without_inhibitor <- function(ab_codes) {
+    # Get the base drug AB code from a drug+inhibitor combination.
+    # e.g., AMC (amoxicillin/clavulanic acid)  -> AMX (amoxicillin)
+    #        TZP (piperacillin/tazobactam)      -> PIP (piperacillin)
+    #        SAM (ampicillin/sulbactam)          -> AMP (ampicillin)
+    combo_names <- ab_name(ab_codes, language = NULL)
+    base_names <- gsub("/.*", "", combo_names)
+    suppressMessages(as.ab(base_names))
+  }
+
  # antimicrobial classes
  # nolint start
  aminoglycosides <- c(TOB, GEN)
@@ -772,7 +805,7 @@ mdro <- function(x = NULL,
        )
      }
      x[rows_to_change, "MDRO"] <<- to
-      x[rows_to_change, "reason"] <<- reason
+      x[rows_to_change, "reason"] <<- paste0(x[rows_to_change, "reason", drop = TRUE], "; ", reason)
      x[rows_not_to_change, "reason"] <<- "guideline criteria not met"
    }
  }
@@ -802,7 +835,7 @@ mdro <- function(x = NULL,
          sum(vapply(
            FUN.VALUE = logical(1),
            group_tbl,
-            function(group) any(unlist(x[row, group[!is.na(group)], drop = TRUE]) %in% c("S", "SDD", "I", "R"))
+            function(group) any(unlist(x[row, group[!is.na(group)], drop = TRUE]) %in% VALID_SIR_LEVELS[VALID_SIR_LEVELS != "NI"])
          ))
        }
      )
@@ -842,7 +875,7 @@ mdro <- function(x = NULL,
    }

    if (isTRUE(info)) {
-      message_(" OK.", add_fn = list(font_green, font_bold), as_note = FALSE)
+      message_(" OK.", as_note = FALSE)
    }
  }

@@ -854,7 +887,7 @@ mdro <- function(x = NULL,
  x <- left_join_microorganisms(x, by = col_mo)
  x$MDRO <- ifelse(!is.na(x$genus), 1, NA_integer_)
  x$row_number <- seq_len(nrow(x))
-  x$reason <- NA_character_
+  x$reason <- ""
  x$all_nonsusceptible_columns <- ""

  if (guideline$code == "cmi2012") {
@@ -1498,7 +1531,7 @@ mdro <- function(x = NULL,
    }
    trans_tbl(
      3, # positive
-      rows = which(x$order == "Enterobacterales" & esbl == TRUE),
+      rows = which(x$order == "Enterobacterales" & x$esbl == TRUE),
      cols = "any",
      any_all = "any",
      reason = "Enterobacterales: ESBL"
@@ -1519,17 +1552,18 @@ mdro <- function(x = NULL,
    )
    trans_tbl(
      3,
-      rows = which(x$order == "Enterobacterales" & carbapenemase == TRUE),
+      rows = which(x$order == "Enterobacterales" & x$carbapenemase == TRUE),
      cols = "any",
      any_all = "any",
      reason = "Enterobacterales: carbapenemase"
    )
+    c.freundii_complex <- AMR::microorganisms.groups$mo_name[AMR::microorganisms.groups$mo_group_name == "Citrobacter freundii complex"]
    trans_tbl(
      3,
      rows = which(col_values(x, SXT) == "R" &
        (col_values(x, GEN) == "R" | col_values(x, TOB) == "R" | col_values(x, AMK) == "R") &
        (col_values(x, CIP) == "R" | col_values(x, NOR) == "R" | col_values(x, LVX) == "R") &
-        (x$genus %in% c("Enterobacter", "Providencia") | paste(x$genus, x$species) %in% c("Citrobacter freundii", "Klebsiella aerogenes", "Hafnia alvei", "Morganella morganii"))),
+        (x$genus %in% c("Enterobacter", "Providencia") | paste(x$genus, x$species) %in% c(c.freundii_complex, "Klebsiella aerogenes", "Hafnia alvei", "Morganella morganii"))),
      cols = c(SXT, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones),
      any_all = "any",
      reason = "Enterobacterales group II: aminoglycoside + fluoroquinolone + cotrimoxazol"
@@ -1557,14 +1591,14 @@ mdro <- function(x = NULL,
    )
    trans_tbl(
      2, # unconfirmed
-      rows = which(x[[col_mo]] %in% AMR::microorganisms.groups$mo[AMR::microorganisms.groups$mo_group_name == "Acinetobacter baumannii complex"] & is.na(carbapenemase)),
+      rows = which(x[[col_mo]] %in% AMR::microorganisms.groups$mo[AMR::microorganisms.groups$mo_group_name == "Acinetobacter baumannii complex"] & is.na(x$carbapenemase)),
      cols = carbapenems,
      any_all = "any",
      reason = "A. baumannii-calcoaceticus complex: potential carbapenemase"
    )
    trans_tbl(
      3,
-      rows = which(x[[col_mo]] %in% AMR::microorganisms.groups$mo[AMR::microorganisms.groups$mo_group_name == "Acinetobacter baumannii complex"] & carbapenemase == TRUE),
+      rows = which(x[[col_mo]] %in% AMR::microorganisms.groups$mo[AMR::microorganisms.groups$mo_group_name == "Acinetobacter baumannii complex"] & x$carbapenemase == TRUE),
      cols = carbapenems,
      any_all = "any",
      reason = "A. baumannii-calcoaceticus complex: carbapenemase"
@@ -1574,6 +1608,7 @@ mdro <- function(x = NULL,
    x$psae <- 0
    x$psae <- x$psae + ifelse(NA_as_FALSE(col_values(x, TOB) == "R") | NA_as_FALSE(col_values(x, AMK) == "R"), 1, 0)
    x$psae <- x$psae + ifelse(NA_as_FALSE(col_values(x, IPM) == "R") | NA_as_FALSE(col_values(x, MEM) == "R"), 1, 0)
+    x$psae <- x$psae + ifelse(NA_as_FALSE(x$carbapenemase), 1, 0)
    x$psae <- x$psae + ifelse(NA_as_FALSE(col_values(x, PIP) == "R") | NA_as_FALSE(col_values(x, TZP) == "R"), 1, 0)
    x$psae <- x$psae + ifelse(NA_as_FALSE(col_values(x, CAZ) == "R") | NA_as_FALSE(col_values(x, CZA) == "R"), 1, 0)
    x$psae <- x$psae + ifelse(NA_as_FALSE(col_values(x, CIP) == "R") | NA_as_FALSE(col_values(x, NOR) == "R") | NA_as_FALSE(col_values(x, LVX) == "R"), 1, 0)
@@ -1602,7 +1637,7 @@ mdro <- function(x = NULL,
    )
    trans_tbl(
      3,
-      rows = which(x$genus == "Enterococcus" & x$species == "faecium" & (vanA == TRUE | vanB == TRUE)),
+      rows = which(x$genus == "Enterococcus" & x$species == "faecium" & (x$vanA == TRUE | x$vanB == TRUE)),
      cols = c(PEN, AMX, AMP, VAN),
      any_all = "any",
      reason = "E. faecium: vanA/vanB gene + penicillin group"
@@ -1611,14 +1646,14 @@ mdro <- function(x = NULL,
    # Staphylococcus aureus complex (= aureus, argenteus or schweitzeri)
    trans_tbl(
      2,
-      rows = which(x$genus == "Staphylococcus" & x$species %in% c("aureus", "argenteus", "schweitzeri") & (is.na(mecA) | is.na(mecC))),
+      rows = which(x$genus == "Staphylococcus" & x$species %in% c("aureus", "argenteus", "schweitzeri") & (is.na(x$mecA) | is.na(x$mecC))),
      cols = c(AMC, TZP, FLC, OXA, FOX, FOX1),
      any_all = "any",
      reason = "S. aureus complex: potential MRSA"
    )
    trans_tbl(
      3,
-      rows = which(x$genus == "Staphylococcus" & x$species %in% c("aureus", "argenteus", "schweitzeri") & (mecA == TRUE | mecC == TRUE)),
+      rows = which(x$genus == "Staphylococcus" & x$species %in% c("aureus", "argenteus", "schweitzeri") & (x$mecA == TRUE | x$mecC == TRUE)),
      cols = "any",
      any_all = "any",
      reason = "S. aureus complex: mecA/mecC gene"
@@ -1899,10 +1934,15 @@ mdro <- function(x = NULL,
    # fill in empty reasons
    x$reason[is.na(x$reason)] <- "not covered by guideline"
    x[rows_empty, "reason"] <- paste(x[rows_empty, "reason"], "(note: no available test results)")
+    # starting semicolons must be removed
+    x$reason <- trimws(gsub("^;", "", x$reason))
+    # if criteria were not met initially, but later they were, then they have a following semicolon; remove the initial lack of meeting criteria
+    x$reason <- trimws(gsub("guideline criteria not met;", "", x$reason, fixed = TRUE))
    # format data set
    colnames(x)[colnames(x) == col_mo] <- "microorganism"
    x$microorganism <- mo_name(x$microorganism, language = NULL)
-    x$guideline <- paste0(guideline$author, " - ", guideline$name, ", ", guideline$version, ")")
+    x$guideline <- paste0(guideline$author, " - ", guideline$name, ifelse(is.na(guideline$version), "", paste0(" (", guideline$version, ")")))
+    x$all_nonsusceptible_columns <- gsub(".inferred_sir_proxy_from#(.*?)#", " (inferred from \\1)", x$all_nonsusceptible_columns, perl = TRUE)
    x[, c(
      "row_number",
      "microorganism",
@@ -1925,7 +1965,7 @@ brmo <- function(x = NULL, only_sir_columns = any(is.sir(x)), ...) {
  meet_criteria(only_sir_columns, allow_class = "logical", has_length = 1)
  stop_if(
    "guideline" %in% names(list(...)),
-    "argument `guideline` must not be set since this is a guideline-specific function"
+    "argument {.arg guideline} must not be set since this is a guideline-specific function"
  )
  mdro(x = x, only_sir_columns = only_sir_columns, guideline = "BRMO", ...)
 }
@@ -1938,7 +1978,7 @@ mrgn <- function(x = NULL, only_sir_columns = any(is.sir(x)), verbose = FALSE, .
  meet_criteria(only_sir_columns, allow_class = "logical", has_length = 1)
  stop_if(
    "guideline" %in% names(list(...)),
-    "argument `guideline` must not be set since this is a guideline-specific function"
+    "argument {.arg guideline} must not be set since this is a guideline-specific function"
  )
  mdro(x = x, only_sir_columns = only_sir_columns, verbose = verbose, guideline = "MRGN", ...)
 }
@@ -1950,7 +1990,7 @@ mdr_tb <- function(x = NULL, only_sir_columns = any(is.sir(x)), verbose = FALSE,
  meet_criteria(only_sir_columns, allow_class = "logical", has_length = 1)
  stop_if(
    "guideline" %in% names(list(...)),
-    "argument `guideline` must not be set since this is a guideline-specific function"
+    "argument {.arg guideline} must not be set since this is a guideline-specific function"
  )
  mdro(x = x, only_sir_columns = only_sir_columns, verbose = verbose, guideline = "TB", ...)
 }
@@ -1962,7 +2002,7 @@ mdr_cmi2012 <- function(x = NULL, only_sir_columns = any(is.sir(x)), verbose = F
  meet_criteria(only_sir_columns, allow_class = "logical", has_length = 1)
  stop_if(
    "guideline" %in% names(list(...)),
-    "argument `guideline` must not be set since this is a guideline-specific function"
+    "argument {.arg guideline} must not be set since this is a guideline-specific function"
  )
  mdro(x = x, only_sir_columns = only_sir_columns, verbose = verbose, guideline = "CMI 2012", ...)
 }
@@ -1974,7 +2014,7 @@ eucast_exceptional_phenotypes <- function(x = NULL, only_sir_columns = any(is.si
  meet_criteria(only_sir_columns, allow_class = "logical", has_length = 1)
  stop_if(
    "guideline" %in% names(list(...)),
-    "argument `guideline` must not be set since this is a guideline-specific function"
+    "argument {.arg guideline} must not be set since this is a guideline-specific function"
  )
  mdro(x = x, only_sir_columns = only_sir_columns, verbose = verbose, guideline = "EUCAST", ...)
 }
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 #'
 #' Calculates a normalised mean for antimicrobial resistance between multiple observations, to help to identify similar isolates without comparing antibiograms by hand.
 #' @param x A vector of class [sir][as.sir()], [mic][as.mic()] or [disk][as.disk()], or a [data.frame] containing columns of any of these classes.
-#' @param ... Variables to select. Supports [tidyselect language][tidyselect::language] (such as `column1:column4` and `where(is.mic)`), and can thus also be [antimicrobial selectors][amr_selector()].
+#' @param ... Variables to select. Supports [tidyselect language][tidyselect::starts_with()] such as `where(is.mic)`, `starts_with(...)`, or `column1:column4`, and can thus also be [antimicrobial selectors][amr_selector()].
 #' @param combine_SI A [logical] to indicate whether all values of S, SDD, and I must be merged into one, so the input only consists of S+I vs. R (susceptible vs. resistant) - the default is `TRUE`.
 #' @details The mean AMR distance is effectively [the Z-score](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_score); a normalised numeric value to compare AMR test results which can help to identify similar isolates, without comparing antibiograms by hand.
 #'
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ mean_amr_distance.disk <- function(x, ...) {
 mean_amr_distance.sir <- function(x, ..., combine_SI = TRUE) {
  meet_criteria(combine_SI, allow_class = "logical", has_length = 1, .call_depth = -1)
  if (isTRUE(combine_SI)) {
-    x[x %in% c("I", "SDD")] <- "S"
+    x[x %in% c("I", "SDD")] <- "S" # do not acknowledge CLSI/EUCAST guideline here to keep the numeric mean_amr_distance consistent between systems
  }
  mean_amr_distance(as.double(x))
 }
@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@ COMMON_MIC_VALUES <- c(
 #' @param x A [character] or [numeric] vector.
 #' @param na.rm A [logical] indicating whether missing values should be removed.
 #' @param keep_operators A [character] specifying how to handle operators (such as `>` and `<=`) in the input. Accepts one of three values: `"all"` (or `TRUE`) to keep all operators, `"none"` (or `FALSE`) to remove all operators, or `"edges"` to keep operators only at both ends of the range.
+#' @param round_to_next_log2 A [logical] to round up all values to the next log2 level, that are not either `r vector_or(COMMON_MIC_VALUES, quotes = F)`. Values that are already in this list (with or without operators), are left unchanged (including any operators).
 #' @param ... Arguments passed on to methods.
 #' @details To interpret MIC values as SIR values, use [as.sir()] on MIC values. It supports guidelines from EUCAST (`r min(as.integer(gsub("[^0-9]", "", subset(clinical_breakpoints, guideline %like% "EUCAST")$guideline)))`-`r max(as.integer(gsub("[^0-9]", "", subset(clinical_breakpoints, guideline %like% "EUCAST")$guideline)))`) and CLSI (`r min(as.integer(gsub("[^0-9]", "", subset(clinical_breakpoints, guideline %like% "CLSI")$guideline)))`-`r max(as.integer(gsub("[^0-9]", "", subset(clinical_breakpoints, guideline %like% "CLSI")$guideline)))`).
 #'
@@ -125,7 +126,7 @@ COMMON_MIC_VALUES <- c(
 #' # this can also coerce combined MIC/SIR values:
 #' as.mic("<=0.002; S")
 #'
-#' # mathematical processing treats MICs as numeric values
+#' # mathematical processing treats MICs as, and returns, numeric values
 #' fivenum(mic_data)
 #' quantile(mic_data)
 #' all(mic_data < 512)
@@ -133,6 +134,10 @@ COMMON_MIC_VALUES <- c(
 #' # rescale MICs using rescale_mic()
 #' rescale_mic(mic_data, mic_range = c(4, 16))
 #'
+#' # round up to nearest log2 level, e.g. for CLSI breakpoint interpretation:
+#' c(1:8)
+#' as.mic(c(1:8), round_to_next_log2 = TRUE)
+#'
 #' # interpret MIC values
 #' as.sir(
 #'   x = as.mic(2),
@@ -157,10 +162,12 @@ COMMON_MIC_VALUES <- c(
 #' if (require("ggplot2")) {
 #'   autoplot(mic_data, mo = "E. coli", ab = "cipro", language = "nl") # Dutch
 #' }
-as.mic <- function(x, na.rm = FALSE, keep_operators = "all") {
+as.mic <- function(x, na.rm = FALSE, keep_operators = "all", round_to_next_log2 = FALSE) {
  meet_criteria(x, allow_NA = TRUE)
  meet_criteria(na.rm, allow_class = "logical", has_length = 1)
  meet_criteria(keep_operators, allow_class = c("character", "logical"), is_in = c("all", "none", "edges", FALSE, TRUE), has_length = 1)
+  meet_criteria(round_to_next_log2, allow_class = "logical", has_length = 1)
+
  if (isTRUE(keep_operators)) {
    keep_operators <- "all"
  } else if (isFALSE(keep_operators)) {
@@ -168,6 +175,9 @@ as.mic <- function(x, na.rm = FALSE, keep_operators = "all") {
  }

  if (is.mic(x) && (keep_operators == "all" || !any(x %like% "[>=<]", na.rm = TRUE))) {
+    if (isTRUE(round_to_next_log2)) {
+      x <- roundup_to_nearest_log2(x)
+    }
    if (!identical(levels(x), VALID_MIC_LEVELS)) {
      # might be from an older AMR version - just update MIC factor levels
      x <- set_clean_class(factor(as.character(x), levels = VALID_MIC_LEVELS, ordered = TRUE),
@@ -207,8 +217,9 @@ as.mic <- function(x, na.rm = FALSE, keep_operators = "all") {
    warning_("Some MICs were combined values, only the first values are kept")
    x[x %like% "[0-9]/.*[0-9]"] <- gsub("/.*", "", x[x %like% "[0-9]/.*[0-9]"])
  }
+  x <- trimws2(gsub("[^e\\P{L}]", "", x, perl = TRUE)) # \p{L} is the Unicode category for all letters, including those with diacritics
  # remove other invalid characters
-  x <- gsub("[^a-zA-Z0-9.><= -]+", "", x, perl = TRUE)
+  x <- gsub("[^0-9e.><= -]+", "", x, perl = TRUE)
  # transform => to >= and =< to <=
  x <- gsub("=<", "<=", x, fixed = TRUE)
  x <- gsub("=>", ">=", x, fixed = TRUE)
@@ -260,7 +271,7 @@ as.mic <- function(x, na.rm = FALSE, keep_operators = "all") {
    cur_col <- get_current_column()
    warning_("in `as.mic()`: ", na_after - na_before, " result",
      ifelse(na_after - na_before > 1, "s", ""),
-      ifelse(is.null(cur_col), "", paste0(" in index '", cur_col, "'")),
+      ifelse(is.null(cur_col), "", paste0(" in column '", cur_col, "'")),
      " truncated (",
      round(((na_after - na_before) / length(x)) * 100),
      "%) that were invalid MICs: ",
@@ -279,6 +290,10 @@ as.mic <- function(x, na.rm = FALSE, keep_operators = "all") {
    x[!x %in% keep] <- gsub("[>=<]", "", x[!x %in% keep])
  }

+  if (isTRUE(round_to_next_log2)) {
+    x <- roundup_to_nearest_log2(x)
+  }
+
  set_clean_class(factor(x, levels = VALID_MIC_LEVELS, ordered = TRUE),
    new_class = c("mic", "ordered", "factor")
  )
@@ -305,7 +320,7 @@ NA_mic_ <- set_clean_class(factor(NA, levels = VALID_MIC_LEVELS, ordered = TRUE)
 #' @rdname as.mic
 #' @param mic_range A manual range to rescale the MIC values, e.g., `mic_range = c(0.001, 32)`. Use `NA` to prevent rescaling on one side, e.g., `mic_range = c(NA, 32)`.
 #' @export
-rescale_mic <- function(x, mic_range, keep_operators = "edges", as.mic = TRUE) {
+rescale_mic <- function(x, mic_range, keep_operators = "edges", as.mic = TRUE, round_to_next_log2 = FALSE) {
  meet_criteria(mic_range, allow_class = c("numeric", "integer", "logical", "mic"), has_length = 2, allow_NA = TRUE, allow_NULL = TRUE)
  if (is.numeric(mic_range)) {
    mic_range <- trimws(format(mic_range, scientific = FALSE))
@@ -336,7 +351,7 @@ rescale_mic <- function(x, mic_range, keep_operators = "edges", as.mic = TRUE) {
    x[x > max_mic] <- max_mic
  }

-  x <- as.mic(x, keep_operators = ifelse(keep_operators == "edges", "none", keep_operators))
+  x <- as.mic(x, keep_operators = ifelse(keep_operators == "edges", "none", keep_operators), round_to_next_log2 = round_to_next_log2)

  if (isTRUE(as.mic)) {
    if (keep_operators == "edges" && length(unique(x)) > 1) {
@@ -432,11 +447,17 @@ pillar_shaft.mic <- function(x, ...) {
  }
  crude_numbers <- as.double(x)
  operators <- gsub("[^<=>]+", "", as.character(x))
+  # colourise operators
  operators[!is.na(operators) & operators != ""] <- font_silver(operators[!is.na(operators) & operators != ""], collapse = NULL)
  out <- trimws(paste0(operators, trimws(format(crude_numbers))))
  out[is.na(x)] <- font_na(NA)
  # make trailing zeroes less visible
-  out[out %like% "[.]"] <- gsub("([.]?0+)$", font_silver("\\1"), out[out %like% "[.]"], perl = TRUE)
+  if (is_dark()) {
+    fn <- font_silver
+  } else {
+    fn <- font_white
+  }
+  out[out %like% "[.]"] <- gsub("([.]?0+)$", fn("\\1"), out[out %like% "[.]"], perl = TRUE)
  create_pillar_column(out, align = "right", width = max(nchar(font_stripstyle(out))))
 }

@@ -590,15 +611,33 @@ get_skimmers.mic <- function(column) {
  column <- as.mic(column) # make sure that currently implemented MIC levels are used
  skimr::sfl(
    skim_type = "mic",
-    p0 = ~ stats::quantile(., probs = 0, na.rm = TRUE, names = FALSE),
-    p25 = ~ stats::quantile(., probs = 0.25, na.rm = TRUE, names = FALSE),
-    p50 = ~ stats::quantile(., probs = 0.5, na.rm = TRUE, names = FALSE),
-    p75 = ~ stats::quantile(., probs = 0.75, na.rm = TRUE, names = FALSE),
-    p100 = ~ stats::quantile(., probs = 1, na.rm = TRUE, names = FALSE),
-    hist = ~ skimr::inline_hist(log2(stats::na.omit(.)), 5)
+    p0 = ~ stats::quantile(column, probs = 0, na.rm = TRUE, names = FALSE),
+    p25 = ~ stats::quantile(column, probs = 0.25, na.rm = TRUE, names = FALSE),
+    p50 = ~ stats::quantile(column, probs = 0.5, na.rm = TRUE, names = FALSE),
+    p75 = ~ stats::quantile(column, probs = 0.75, na.rm = TRUE, names = FALSE),
+    p100 = ~ stats::quantile(column, probs = 1, na.rm = TRUE, names = FALSE),
+    hist = ~ skimr::inline_hist(log2(stats::na.omit(column)), 10)
  )
 }

+
+roundup_to_nearest_log2 <- function(x) {
+  x_dbl <- suppressWarnings(as.double(gsub("[>=<]", "", x)))
+  x_new <- vapply(
+    FUN.VALUE = double(1),
+    x_dbl,
+    function(val) {
+      if (is.na(val)) {
+        NA_real_
+      } else {
+        COMMON_MIC_VALUES[which(COMMON_MIC_VALUES >= val)][1]
+      }
+    }
+  )
+  x[!x_dbl %in% COMMON_MIC_VALUES] <- x_new[!x_dbl %in% COMMON_MIC_VALUES]
+  x
+}
+
 # Miscellaneous mathematical functions ------------------------------------

 #' @method mean mic
@@ -38,13 +38,15 @@
 #'
 #' This excludes enterococci at default (who are in group D), use `Lancefield = "all"` to also categorise all enterococci as group D.
 #' @param minimum_matching_score A numeric value to set as the lower limit for the [MO matching score][mo_matching_score()]. When left blank, this will be determined automatically based on the character length of `x`, its [taxonomic kingdom][microorganisms] and [human pathogenicity][mo_matching_score()].
-#' @param keep_synonyms A [logical] to indicate if old, previously valid taxonomic names must be preserved and not be corrected to currently accepted names. The default is `FALSE`, which will return a note if old taxonomic names were processed. The default can be set with the package option [`AMR_keep_synonyms`][AMR-options], i.e. `options(AMR_keep_synonyms = TRUE)` or `options(AMR_keep_synonyms = FALSE)`.
+#' @param keep_synonyms A [logical] to indicate if outdated, previously valid taxonomic names must be preserved and not be corrected to currently accepted names. Do note that the term "synonym" is in this case jargon from the field of microbial taxonomy - it is not in place to denote that e.g. "Streptococcus Group A" is a synonym of *S. pyogenes*. Though this is practically the case, taxonomically it is not as "Streptococcus Group A" is not even a valid taxonomic name.
+#'
+#' The default is `FALSE`, which will return a note if outdated taxonomic names were processed. The default can be set with the package option [`AMR_keep_synonyms`][AMR-options], i.e. `options(AMR_keep_synonyms = TRUE)` or `options(AMR_keep_synonyms = FALSE)`.
 #' @param reference_df A [data.frame] to be used for extra reference when translating `x` to a valid [`mo`]. See [set_mo_source()] and [get_mo_source()] to automate the usage of your own codes (e.g. used in your analysis or organisation).
 #' @param ignore_pattern A Perl-compatible [regular expression][base::regex] (case-insensitive) of which all matches in `x` must return `NA`. This can be convenient to exclude known non-relevant input and can also be set with the package option [`AMR_ignore_pattern`][AMR-options], e.g. `options(AMR_ignore_pattern = "(not reported|contaminated flora)")`.
 #' @param cleaning_regex A Perl-compatible [regular expression][base::regex] (case-insensitive) to clean the input of `x`. Every matched part in `x` will be removed. At default, this is the outcome of [mo_cleaning_regex()], which removes texts between brackets and texts such as "species" and "serovar". The default can be set with the package option [`AMR_cleaning_regex`][AMR-options].
 #' @param only_fungi A [logical] to indicate if only fungi must be found, making sure that e.g. misspellings always return records from the kingdom of Fungi. This can be set globally for [all microorganism functions][mo_property()] with the package option [`AMR_only_fungi`][AMR-options], i.e. `options(AMR_only_fungi = TRUE)`.
 #' @param language Language to translate text like "no growth", which defaults to the system language (see [get_AMR_locale()]).
-#' @param info A [logical] to indicate that info must be printed, e.g. a progress bar when more than 25 items are to be coerced, or a list with old taxonomic names. The default is `TRUE` only in interactive mode.
+#' @param info A [logical] to indicate that info must be printed, e.g. a progress bar when more than 25 items are to be coerced, or a list with outdated taxonomic names. The default is `TRUE` only in interactive mode.
 #' @param ... Other arguments passed on to functions.
 #' @rdname as.mo
 #' @aliases mo
@@ -82,7 +84,7 @@
 #' There are three helper functions that can be run after using the [as.mo()] function:
 #' - Use [mo_uncertainties()] to get a [data.frame] that prints in a pretty format with all taxonomic names that were guessed. The output contains the matching score for all matches (see *Matching Score for Microorganisms* below).
 #' - Use [mo_failures()] to get a [character] [vector] with all values that could not be coerced to a valid value.
-#' - Use [mo_renamed()] to get a [data.frame] with all values that could be coerced based on old, previously accepted taxonomic names.
+#' - Use [mo_renamed()] to get a [data.frame] with all values that could be coerced based on outdated, previously accepted taxonomic names.
 #'
 #' ### For Mycologists
 #'
@@ -400,7 +402,12 @@ as.mo <- function(x,

      top_hits <- mo_to_search[order(m, decreasing = TRUE, na.last = NA)] # na.last = NA will remove the NAs
      if (length(top_hits) == 0) {
-        warning_("No hits found for \"", x_search, "\" with minimum_matching_score = ", ifelse(is.null(minimum_matching_score), paste0("NULL (=", round(min(minimum_matching_score_current, na.rm = TRUE), 3), ")"), minimum_matching_score), ". Try setting this value lower or even to 0.", call = FALSE)
+        warning_("No hits found for \"", x_search, "\" with minimum_matching_score = ",
+          ifelse(is.null(minimum_matching_score),
+            paste0("NULL (=", round(min(minimum_matching_score_current, na.rm = TRUE), 3), ")"),
+            minimum_matching_score
+          ),
+          ". Try setting this value lower or even to 0.", call = FALSE)
        result_mo <- NA_character_
      } else {
        result_mo <- MO_lookup_current$mo[match(top_hits[1], MO_lookup_current$fullname)]
@@ -476,7 +483,7 @@ as.mo <- function(x,
    }
  } else if (is.null(getOption("AMR_keep_synonyms")) && length(AMR_env$mo_renamed$old) > 0 && message_not_thrown_before("as.mo", "keep_synonyms_warning", entire_session = TRUE)) {
    # keep synonyms is TRUE, so check if any do have synonyms
-    warning_("Function `as.mo()` returned ", nr2char(length(unique(AMR_env$mo_renamed$old))), " old taxonomic name", ifelse(length(unique(AMR_env$mo_renamed$old)) > 1, "s", ""), ". Use `as.mo(..., keep_synonyms = FALSE)` to clean the input to currently accepted taxonomic names, or set the R option `AMR_keep_synonyms` to `FALSE`. This warning will be shown once per session.", call = FALSE)
+    warning_("{.help [{.fun as.mo}](AMR::as.mo)} returned ", nr2char(length(unique(AMR_env$mo_renamed$old))), " outdated taxonomic name", ifelse(length(unique(AMR_env$mo_renamed$old)) > 1, "s", ""), ". Use ", highlight_code("as.mo(..., keep_synonyms = FALSE)"), " to clean the input to currently accepted taxonomic names, or set the R option {.code AMR_keep_synonyms} to {.code FALSE}. This warning will be shown once per session.", call = FALSE)
  }

  # Apply Becker ----
@@ -623,6 +630,14 @@ mo_cleaning_regex <- function() {
  )
 }

+#' @rdname as.mo
+#' @details `NA_mo_` is a missing value of the new `mo` class, analogous to e.g. base \R's [`NA_character_`][base::NA].
+#' @format NULL
+#' @export
+NA_mo_ <- set_clean_class(NA_character_,
+  new_class = c("mo", "character")
+)
+
 # UNDOCUMENTED METHODS ----------------------------------------------------

 # this prevents the requirement for putting the dependency in Imports:
@@ -675,7 +690,7 @@ pillar_shaft.mo <- function(x, ...) {
  }

  # add the names to the bugs as mouse-over!
-  if (tryCatch(isTRUE(getExportedValue("ansi_has_hyperlink_support", ns = asNamespace("cli"))()), error = function(e) FALSE)) {
+  if (in_rstudio()) {
    out[!x %in% c("UNKNOWN", NA)] <- font_url(
      url = paste0(
        x[!x %in% c("UNKNOWN", NA)], ": ",
@@ -747,13 +762,17 @@ freq.mo <- function(x, ...) {
 # this prevents the requirement for putting the dependency in Imports:
 #' @rawNamespace if(getRversion() >= "3.0.0") S3method(skimr::get_skimmers, mo)
 get_skimmers.mo <- function(column) {
+  mo <- as.mo(column, keep_synonyms = TRUE, language = NULL, info = FALSE)
+  mo <- mo[!is.na(mo)]
+  spp <- mo[mo_species(mo, keep_synonyms = TRUE, language = NULL, info = FALSE) != ""]
  skimr::sfl(
    skim_type = "mo",
-    unique_total = ~ length(unique(stats::na.omit(.))),
-    gram_negative = ~ sum(mo_is_gram_negative(.), na.rm = TRUE),
-    gram_positive = ~ sum(mo_is_gram_positive(.), na.rm = TRUE),
-    top_genus = ~ names(sort(-table(mo_genus(stats::na.omit(.), language = NULL))))[1L],
-    top_species = ~ names(sort(-table(mo_name(stats::na.omit(.), language = NULL))))[1L]
+    n_unique = ~ length(unique(mo)),
+    gram_negative = ~ sum(mo_is_gram_negative(mo, keep_synonyms = TRUE, language = NULL, info = FALSE), na.rm = TRUE),
+    gram_positive = ~ sum(mo_is_gram_positive(mo, keep_synonyms = TRUE, language = NULL, info = FALSE), na.rm = TRUE),
+    yeast = ~ sum(mo_is_yeast(mo, keep_synonyms = TRUE, language = NULL, info = FALSE), na.rm = TRUE),
+    top_genus = ~ names(sort(-table(mo_genus(mo, keep_synonyms = TRUE, language = NULL, info = FALSE))))[1L],
+    top_species = ~ names(sort(-table(mo_name(spp, keep_synonyms = TRUE, language = NULL, info = FALSE))))[1L],
  )
 }

@@ -888,14 +907,14 @@ rep.mo <- function(x, ...) {
 print.mo_uncertainties <- function(x, n = 10, ...) {
  more_than_50 <- FALSE
  if (NROW(x) == 0) {
-    cat(word_wrap("No uncertainties to show. Only uncertainties of the last call to `as.mo()` or any `mo_*()` function are stored.\n\n", add_fn = font_blue))
+    cat(font_blue(word_wrap("No uncertainties to show. Only uncertainties of the last call to {.help [{.fun as.mo}](AMR::as.mo)} or any mo_*() function are stored.\n\n")))
    return(invisible(NULL))
  } else if (NROW(x) > 50) {
    more_than_50 <- TRUE
    x <- x[1:50, , drop = FALSE]
  }

-  cat(word_wrap("Matching scores are based on the resemblance between the input and the full taxonomic name, and the pathogenicity in humans. See `?mo_matching_score`.\n\n", add_fn = font_blue))
+  cat(font_blue(word_wrap("Matching scores are based on the resemblance between the input and the full taxonomic name, and the pathogenicity in humans. See {.help [{.fun mo_matching_score}](AMR::mo_matching_score)}.\n\n")))

  add_MO_lookup_to_AMR_env()

@@ -905,13 +924,12 @@ print.mo_uncertainties <- function(x, n = 10, ...) {
  col_green <- function(x) font_green_bg(x, collapse = NULL)

  if (has_colour()) {
-    cat(word_wrap("Colour keys: ",
+    cat(font_blue(word_wrap("Colour keys: ",
      col_red(" 0.000-0.549 "),
      col_orange(" 0.550-0.649 "),
      col_yellow(" 0.650-0.749 "),
-      col_green(" 0.750-1.000"),
-      add_fn = font_blue
-    ), font_green_bg(" "), "\n", sep = "")
+      col_green(" 0.750-1.000")
+    )), font_green_bg(" "), "\n", sep = "")
  }

  score_set_colour <- function(text, scores) {
@@ -1014,7 +1032,7 @@ print.mo_uncertainties <- function(x, n = 10, ...) {
 #' @noRd
 print.mo_renamed <- function(x, extra_txt = "", n = 25, ...) {
  if (NROW(x) == 0) {
-    cat(word_wrap("No renamed taxonomy to show. Only renamed taxonomy of the last call of `as.mo()` or any `mo_*()` function are stored.\n", add_fn = font_blue))
+    cat(font_blue(word_wrap("No renamed taxonomy to show. Only renamed taxonomy of the last call of {.help [{.fun as.mo}](AMR::as.mo)} or any mo_*() function are stored.\n")))
    return(invisible(NULL))
  }

@@ -1186,7 +1204,7 @@ parse_and_convert <- function(x) {
        parsed <- gsub('"', "", parsed, fixed = TRUE)
        parsed
      },
-      error = function(e) stop(e$message, call. = FALSE)
+      error = function(e) stop(conditionMessage(e), call. = FALSE)
    ) # this will also be thrown when running `as.mo(no_existing_object)`
  }
  out <- trimws2(out)
@@ -974,7 +974,7 @@ mo_validate <- function(x, property, language, keep_synonyms = keep_synonyms, ..
  # try to catch an error when inputting an invalid argument
  # so the 'call.' can be set to FALSE
  tryCatch(x[1L] %in% unlist(AMR_env$MO_lookup[1, property, drop = TRUE]),
-    error = function(e) stop(e$message, call. = FALSE)
+    error = function(e) stop(conditionMessage(e), call. = FALSE)
  )

  dots <- list(...)
@@ -1043,10 +1043,10 @@ find_mo_col <- function(fn) {
  )
  if (!is.null(df) && !is.null(mo) && is.data.frame(df)) {
    if (message_not_thrown_before(fn = fn)) {
-      message_("Using column '", font_bold(mo), "' as input for `", fn, "()`")
+      message_("Using column '", font_bold(mo), "' as input for {.help [{.fun ", fn, "}](AMR::", fn, ")}")
    }
    return(df[, mo, drop = TRUE])
  } else {
-    stop_("argument `x` is missing and no column with info about microorganisms could be found.", call = -2)
+    stop_("argument {.arg x} is missing and no column with info about microorganisms could be found.", call = -2)
  }
 }
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ set_mo_source <- function(path, destination = getOption("AMR_mo_source", "~/mo_s

  meet_criteria(path, allow_class = "character", has_length = 1, allow_NULL = TRUE)
  meet_criteria(destination, allow_class = "character", has_length = 1)
-  stop_ifnot(destination %like% "[.]rds$", "the `destination` must be a file location with file extension .rds.")
+  stop_ifnot(destination %like% "[.]rds$", "the {.arg destination} must be a file location with file extension .rds.")
  mo_source_destination <- path.expand(destination)

  if (is.null(path) || path %in% c(FALSE, "")) {
@@ -137,7 +137,6 @@ set_mo_source <- function(path, destination = getOption("AMR_mo_source", "~/mo_s
    if (file.exists(mo_source_destination)) {
      unlink(mo_source_destination)
      message_("Removed mo_source file '", font_bold(mo_source_destination), "'",
-        add_fn = font_red,
        as_note = FALSE
      )
    }
@@ -250,7 +249,7 @@ get_mo_source <- function(destination = getOption("AMR_mo_source", "~/mo_source.
    current_ext <- regexpr("\\.([[:alnum:]]+)$", destination)
    current_ext <- ifelse(current_ext > -1L, substring(destination, current_ext + 1L), "")
    vowel <- ifelse(current_ext %like% "^[AEFHILMNORSX]", "n", "")
-    stop_("The AMR mo source must be an RDS file, not a", vowel, " ", toupper(current_ext), " file. If `\"", basename(destination), "\"` was meant as your input file, use `set_mo_source()` on this file. In any case, the option `AMR_mo_source` must be set to another path.")
+    stop_("The AMR mo source must be an RDS file, not a{vowel} {toupper(current_ext)} file. If \"{basename(destination)}\" was meant as your input file, use {.help [{.fun set_mo_source}](AMR::set_mo_source)} on this file. In any case, the option {.code AMR_mo_source} must be set to another path.")
  }
  if (is.null(AMR_env$mo_source)) {
    AMR_env$mo_source <- readRDS_AMR(path.expand(destination))
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ pca <- function(x,
    new_list <- list(0)
    for (i in seq_len(length(dots) - 1)) {
      new_list[[i]] <- tryCatch(eval(dots[[i + 1]], envir = x),
-        error = function(e) stop(e$message, call. = FALSE)
+        error = function(e) stop(conditionMessage(e), call. = FALSE)
      )
      if (length(new_list[[i]]) == 1) {
        if (is.character(new_list[[i]]) && new_list[[i]] %in% colnames(x)) {
@@ -52,11 +52,19 @@
 #' @details
 #' ### The `scale_*_mic()` Functions
 #'
-#' The functions [scale_x_mic()], [scale_y_mic()], [scale_colour_mic()], and [scale_fill_mic()] functions allow to plot the [mic][as.mic()] class (MIC values) on a continuous, logarithmic scale. They also allow to rescale the MIC range with an 'inside' or 'outside' range if required, and retain the operators in MIC values (such as `>=`) if desired. Missing intermediate log2 levels will be plotted too.
+#' The functions [scale_x_mic()], [scale_y_mic()], [scale_colour_mic()], and [scale_fill_mic()] functions allow to plot the [mic][as.mic()] class (MIC values) on a continuous, logarithmic scale.
+#'
+#' There is normally no need to add these scale functions to your plot, as they are applied automatically when plotting values of class [mic][as.mic()].
+#'
+#' When manually added though, they allow to rescale the MIC range with an 'inside' or 'outside' range if required, and provide the option to retain the operators in MIC values (such as `>=`). Missing intermediate log2 levels will always be plotted too.
 #'
 #' ### The `scale_*_sir()` Functions
 #'
-#' The functions [scale_x_sir()], [scale_colour_sir()], and [scale_fill_sir()] functions allow to plot the [sir][as.sir()] class in the right order (`r paste(levels(NA_sir_), collapse = " < ")`). At default, they translate the S/I/R values to an interpretative text ("Susceptible", "Resistant", etc.) in any of the `r length(AMR:::LANGUAGES_SUPPORTED)` supported languages (use `language = NULL` to keep S/I/R). Also, except for [scale_x_sir()], they set colour-blind friendly colours to the `colour` and `fill` aesthetics.
+#' The functions [scale_x_sir()], [scale_colour_sir()], and [scale_fill_sir()] functions allow to plot the [sir][as.sir()] class in the right order (`r paste(levels(NA_sir_), collapse = " < ")`).
+#'
+#' There is normally no need to add these scale functions to your plot, as they are applied automatically when plotting values of class [sir][as.sir()].
+#'
+#' At default, they translate the S/I/R values to an interpretative text ("Susceptible", "Resistant", etc.) in any of the `r length(AMR:::LANGUAGES_SUPPORTED)` supported languages (use `language = NULL` to keep S/I/R). Also, except for [scale_x_sir()], they set colour-blind friendly colours to the `colour` and `fill` aesthetics.
 #'
 #' ### Additional `ggplot2` Functions
 #'
@@ -90,6 +98,10 @@
 #'   autoplot(some_mic_values, mo = "Escherichia coli", ab = "cipro")
 #' }
 #' if (require("ggplot2")) {
+#'   autoplot(some_mic_values, mo = "Staph aureus", ab = "Ceftaroline", guideline = "CLSI")
+#' }
+#'
+#' if (require("ggplot2")) {
 #'   # support for 27 languages, various guidelines, and many options
 #'   autoplot(some_disk_values,
 #'     mo = "Escherichia coli", ab = "cipro",
@@ -110,17 +122,12 @@
 #'   ) +
 #'     geom_col()
 #'   mic_plot +
-#'     labs(title = "without scale_x_mic()")
+#'     labs(title = "scale_x_mic() automatically applied")
 #' }
 #' if (require("ggplot2")) {
 #'   mic_plot +
-#'     scale_x_mic() +
-#'     labs(title = "with scale_x_mic()")
-#' }
-#' if (require("ggplot2")) {
-#'   mic_plot +
-#'     scale_x_mic(keep_operators = "all") +
-#'     labs(title = "with scale_x_mic() keeping all operators")
+#'     scale_x_mic(keep_operators = "none") +
+#'     labs(title = "with scale_x_mic() keeping no operators")
 #' }
 #' if (require("ggplot2")) {
 #'   mic_plot +
@@ -146,8 +153,8 @@
 #'     aes(group, mic)
 #'   ) +
 #'     geom_boxplot() +
-#'     geom_violin(linetype = 2, colour = "grey", fill = NA) +
-#'     scale_y_mic()
+#'     geom_violin(linetype = 2, colour = "grey30", fill = NA) +
+#'     labs(title = "scale_y_mic() automatically applied")
 #' }
 #' if (require("ggplot2")) {
 #'   ggplot(
@@ -158,7 +165,7 @@
 #'     aes(group, mic)
 #'   ) +
 #'     geom_boxplot() +
-#'     geom_violin(linetype = 2, colour = "grey", fill = NA) +
+#'     geom_violin(linetype = 2, colour = "grey30", fill = NA) +
 #'     scale_y_mic(mic_range = c(NA, 0.25))
 #' }
 #'
@@ -179,7 +186,7 @@
 #'
 #' # Plotting using scale_y_mic() and scale_colour_sir() ------------------
 #' if (require("ggplot2")) {
-#'   plain <- ggplot(
+#'   mic_sir_plot <- ggplot(
 #'     data.frame(
 #'       mic = some_mic_values,
 #'       group = some_groups,
@@ -191,23 +198,18 @@
 #'     aes(x = group, y = mic, colour = sir)
 #'   ) +
 #'     theme_minimal() +
-#'     geom_boxplot(fill = NA, colour = "grey") +
+#'     geom_boxplot(fill = NA, colour = "grey30") +
 #'     geom_jitter(width = 0.25)
+#'     labs(title = "scale_y_mic()/scale_colour_sir() automatically applied")
 #'
-#'   plain
+#'   mic_sir_plot
 #' }
 #' if (require("ggplot2")) {
-#'   # and now with our MIC and SIR scale functions:
-#'   plain +
-#'     scale_y_mic() +
-#'     scale_colour_sir()
-#' }
-#' if (require("ggplot2")) {
-#'   plain +
+#'   mic_sir_plot +
 #'     scale_y_mic(mic_range = c(0.005, 32), name = "Our MICs!") +
 #'     scale_colour_sir(
-#'       language = "pt",
-#'       name = "Support in 27 languages"
+#'       language = "pt", # Portuguese
+#'       name = "Support in 28 languages"
 #'     )
 #' }
 #' }
@@ -225,6 +227,9 @@
 #' plot(some_sir_values)
 NULL

+#' @rawNamespace if(getRversion() >= "3.0.0") S3method(ggplot2::scale_type, mic)
+scale_type.mic <- function(x) c("mic", "discrete")
+
 create_scale_mic <- function(aest, keep_operators, mic_range = NULL, ...) {
  ggplot_fn <- getExportedValue(paste0("scale_", aest, "_continuous"),
    ns = asNamespace("ggplot2")
@@ -243,6 +248,7 @@ create_scale_mic <- function(aest, keep_operators, mic_range = NULL, ...) {
    as.double(rescale_mic(x = as.double(as.mic(x)), keep_operators = keep_operators, mic_range = mic_range, as.mic = TRUE))
  }
  scale$transform_df <- function(self, df) {
+    out <- list()
    if (!aest %in% colnames(df)) {
      # support for geom_hline(), geom_vline(), etc
      other_x <- c("xintercept", "xmin", "xmax", "xend", "width")
@@ -254,11 +260,11 @@ create_scale_mic <- function(aest, keep_operators, mic_range = NULL, ...) {
      } else {
        stop_("No support for plotting df with `scale_", aest, "_mic()` with columns ", vector_and(colnames(df), sort = FALSE))
      }
-      out <- rescale_mic(x = as.double(as.mic(df[[aest_val]])), keep_operators = "none", mic_range = NULL, as.mic = TRUE)
-      if (!is.null(self$mic_values_rescaled) && any(out < min(self$mic_values_rescaled, na.rm = TRUE) | out > max(self$mic_values_rescaled, na.rm = TRUE), na.rm = TRUE)) {
+      mics <- rescale_mic(x = as.double(as.mic(df[[aest_val]])), keep_operators = "none", mic_range = NULL, as.mic = TRUE)
+      if (!is.null(self$mic_values_rescaled) && any(mics < min(self$mic_values_rescaled, na.rm = TRUE) | mics > max(self$mic_values_rescaled, na.rm = TRUE), na.rm = TRUE)) {
        warning_("The value for `", aest_val, "` is outside the plotted MIC range, consider using/updating the `mic_range` argument in `scale_", aest, "_mic()`.")
      }
-      df[[aest_val]] <- log2(as.double(out))
+      out[[aest_val]] <- log2(as.double(mics))
    } else {
      self$mic_values_rescaled <- rescale_mic(x = as.double(as.mic(df[[aest]])), keep_operators = keep_operators, mic_range = mic_range, as.mic = TRUE)
      # create new breaks and labels here
@@ -279,14 +285,18 @@ create_scale_mic <- function(aest, keep_operators, mic_range = NULL, ...) {
        self$mic_values_levels[1] <- paste0("<=", self$mic_values_levels[1])
        self$mic_values_levels[length(self$mic_values_levels)] <- paste0(">=", self$mic_values_levels[length(self$mic_values_levels)])
      }
-
      self$mic_values_log <- log2(as.double(self$mic_values_rescaled))
-      if (aest == "y" && "group" %in% colnames(df) && "x" %in% colnames(df)) {
-        df$group <- as.integer(factor(df$x))
+
+      if (aest == "y" && "group" %in% colnames(df)) {
+        if (!"x" %in% colnames(df) || all(is.na(df$x))) {
+          out$group <- 1
+        } else {
+          out$group <- as.integer(factor(df$x))
+        }
      }
-      df[[aest]] <- self$mic_values_log
+      out[[aest]] <- self$mic_values_log
    }
-    df
+    out
  }

  scale$breaks <- function(..., self) {
@@ -313,7 +323,6 @@ create_scale_mic <- function(aest, keep_operators, mic_range = NULL, ...) {
      }
    }
  }
-
  scale$limits <- function(x, ..., self) {
    if (!is.null(self$mic_limits_set)) {
      if (is.function(self$mic_limits_set)) {
@@ -325,7 +334,7 @@ create_scale_mic <- function(aest, keep_operators, mic_range = NULL, ...) {
      rng <- range(log2(as.mic(self$mic_values_levels)))
      # add 0.5 extra space
      rng <- c(rng[1] - 0.5, rng[2] + 0.5)
-      if (!is.na(x[1]) && x[1] == 0) {
+      if (!is.null(x) && !is.na(x[1]) && x[1] == 0) {
        # scale that start at 0 must remain so, e.g. in case of geom_col()
        rng[1] <- 0
      }
@@ -373,10 +382,15 @@ scale_fill_mic <- function(keep_operators = "edges", mic_range = NULL, ...) {
  create_scale_mic("fill", keep_operators = keep_operators, mic_range = mic_range, ...)
 }

+#' @rawNamespace if(getRversion() >= "3.0.0") S3method(ggplot2::scale_type, sir)
+scale_type.sir <- function(x) c("sir", "discrete")
+
 create_scale_sir <- function(aesthetics, colours_SIR, language, eucast_I, ...) {
  args <- list(...)
  args[c("value", "labels", "limits")] <- NULL

+  colours_SIR <- expand_SIR_colours(colours_SIR, unname = FALSE)
+
  if (identical(aesthetics, "x")) {
    ggplot_fn <- ggplot2::scale_x_discrete
  } else {
@@ -385,12 +399,11 @@ create_scale_sir <- function(aesthetics, colours_SIR, language, eucast_I, ...) {
      args,
      list(
        aesthetics = aesthetics,
-        values = c(
-          S = colours_SIR[1],
-          SDD = colours_SIR[2],
-          I = colours_SIR[2],
-          R = colours_SIR[3],
-          NI = "grey30"
+        values = c(colours_SIR,
+          NI = "grey30",
+          WT = unname(colours_SIR[1]),
+          NWT = unname(colours_SIR[4]),
+          NS = unname(colours_SIR[4])
        )
      )
    )
@@ -398,11 +411,12 @@ create_scale_sir <- function(aesthetics, colours_SIR, language, eucast_I, ...) {
  scale <- do.call(ggplot_fn, args)

  scale$labels <- function(x) {
-    stop_ifnot(all(x %in% c(levels(NA_sir_), NA)),
-      "Apply `scale_", aesthetics[1], "_sir()` to a variable of class 'sir', see `?as.sir`.",
+    stop_ifnot(all(x %in% c(levels(NA_sir_), "SI", "IR", NA)),
+      "Apply `scale_", aesthetics[1], "_sir()` to a variable of class 'sir', see {.help [{.fun as.sir}](AMR::as.sir)}.",
      call = FALSE
    )
-    x <- as.character(as.sir(x))
+    x <- as.character(x)
+    x[!x %in% c("SI", "IR")] <- as.character(as.sir(x[!x %in% c("SI", "IR")]))
    if (!is.null(language)) {
      x[x == "S"] <- "(S) Susceptible"
      x[x == "SDD"] <- "(SDD) Susceptible dose-dependent"
@@ -412,14 +426,19 @@ create_scale_sir <- function(aesthetics, colours_SIR, language, eucast_I, ...) {
        x[x == "I"] <- "(I) Intermediate"
      }
      x[x == "R"] <- "(R) Resistant"
+      x[x == "SI"] <- "(S/I) Susceptible"
+      x[x == "IR"] <- "(I/R) Non-susceptible"
      x[x == "NI"] <- "(NI) Non-interpretable"
+      x[x == "WT"] <- "(WT) Wildtype"
+      x[x == "NWT"] <- "(NWT) Non-wildtype"
+      x[x == "NS"] <- "(NS) Non-susceptible"
      x <- translate_AMR(x, language = language)
    }
    x
  }
  scale$limits <- function(x, ...) {
    # force SIR in the right order
-    as.character(sort(factor(x, levels = levels(NA_sir_))))
+    as.character(sort(factor(x, levels = c(levels(NA_sir_), "SI", "IR"))))
  }

  scale
@@ -427,11 +446,16 @@ create_scale_sir <- function(aesthetics, colours_SIR, language, eucast_I, ...) {

 #' @rdname plot
 #' @export
-scale_x_sir <- function(colours_SIR = c("#3CAEA3", "#F6D55C", "#ED553B"),
+scale_x_sir <- function(colours_SIR = c(
+                          S = "#3CAEA3",
+                          SDD = "#8FD6C4",
+                          I = "#F6D55C",
+                          R = "#ED553B"
+                        ),
                        language = get_AMR_locale(),
                        eucast_I = getOption("AMR_guideline", "EUCAST") == "EUCAST",
                        ...) {
-  meet_criteria(colours_SIR, allow_class = "character", has_length = c(1, 3))
+  meet_criteria(colours_SIR, allow_class = "character", has_length = c(1, 3, 4))
  language <- validate_language(language)
  meet_criteria(eucast_I, allow_class = "logical", has_length = 1)
  create_scale_sir(aesthetics = "x", colours_SIR = colours_SIR, language = language, eucast_I = eucast_I)
@@ -439,11 +463,16 @@ scale_x_sir <- function(colours_SIR = c("#3CAEA3", "#F6D55C", "#ED553B"),

 #' @rdname plot
 #' @export
-scale_colour_sir <- function(colours_SIR = c("#3CAEA3", "#F6D55C", "#ED553B"),
+scale_colour_sir <- function(colours_SIR = c(
+                               S = "#3CAEA3",
+                               SDD = "#8FD6C4",
+                               I = "#F6D55C",
+                               R = "#ED553B"
+                             ),
                             language = get_AMR_locale(),
                             eucast_I = getOption("AMR_guideline", "EUCAST") == "EUCAST",
                             ...) {
-  meet_criteria(colours_SIR, allow_class = "character", has_length = c(1, 3))
+  meet_criteria(colours_SIR, allow_class = "character", has_length = c(1, 3, 4))
  language <- validate_language(language)
  meet_criteria(eucast_I, allow_class = "logical", has_length = 1)
  args <- list(...)
@@ -463,11 +492,16 @@ scale_color_sir <- scale_colour_sir

 #' @rdname plot
 #' @export
-scale_fill_sir <- function(colours_SIR = c("#3CAEA3", "#F6D55C", "#ED553B"),
+scale_fill_sir <- function(colours_SIR = c(
+                             S = "#3CAEA3",
+                             SDD = "#8FD6C4",
+                             I = "#F6D55C",
+                             R = "#ED553B"
+                           ),
                           language = get_AMR_locale(),
                           eucast_I = getOption("AMR_guideline", "EUCAST") == "EUCAST",
                           ...) {
-  meet_criteria(colours_SIR, allow_class = "character", has_length = c(1, 3))
+  meet_criteria(colours_SIR, allow_class = "character", has_length = c(1, 3, 4))
  language <- validate_language(language)
  meet_criteria(eucast_I, allow_class = "logical", has_length = 1)
  args <- list(...)
@@ -491,7 +525,12 @@ plot.mic <- function(x,
                     main = deparse(substitute(x)),
                     ylab = translate_AMR("Frequency", language = language),
                     xlab = translate_AMR("Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (mg/L)", language = language),
-                     colours_SIR = c("#3CAEA3", "#F6D55C", "#ED553B"),
+                     colours_SIR = c(
+                       S = "#3CAEA3",
+                       SDD = "#8FD6C4",
+                       I = "#F6D55C",
+                       R = "#ED553B"
+                     ),
                     language = get_AMR_locale(),
                     expand = TRUE,
                     include_PKPD = getOption("AMR_include_PKPD", TRUE),
@@ -503,16 +542,18 @@ plot.mic <- function(x,
  meet_criteria(main, allow_class = "character", has_length = 1, allow_NULL = TRUE)
  meet_criteria(ylab, allow_class = "character", has_length = 1)
  meet_criteria(xlab, allow_class = "character", has_length = 1)
-  meet_criteria(colours_SIR, allow_class = "character", has_length = c(1, 3))
+  meet_criteria(colours_SIR, allow_class = "character", has_length = c(1, 3, 4))
  language <- validate_language(language)
  meet_criteria(expand, allow_class = "logical", has_length = 1)
+  meet_criteria(include_PKPD, allow_class = "logical", has_length = 1)
+  meet_criteria(breakpoint_type, allow_class = "character", is_in = AMR::clinical_breakpoints$type, has_length = 1)

  x <- as.mic(x) # make sure that currently implemented MIC levels are used
-
-  if (length(colours_SIR) == 1) {
-    colours_SIR <- rep(colours_SIR, 3)
-  }
  main <- gsub(" +", " ", paste0(main, collapse = " "))
+  colours_SIR <- expand_SIR_colours(colours_SIR)
+
+  # wildtype/Non-wildtype
+  is_wt_nwt <- identical(breakpoint_type, "ECOFF")

  x <- plotrange_as_table(x, expand = expand)
  cols_sub <- plot_colours_subtitle_guideline(
@@ -544,18 +585,30 @@ plot.mic <- function(x,
  if (any(colours_SIR %in% cols_sub$cols)) {
    legend_txt <- character(0)
    legend_col <- character(0)
-    if (any(cols_sub$cols == colours_SIR[1] & cols_sub$count > 0)) {
+    if (!is_wt_nwt & any(cols_sub$cols == colours_SIR[1] & cols_sub$count > 0)) {
      legend_txt <- c(legend_txt, "(S) Susceptible")
      legend_col <- colours_SIR[1]
    }
+    if (is_wt_nwt & any(cols_sub$cols == colours_SIR[1] & cols_sub$count > 0)) {
+      legend_txt <- c(legend_txt, "(WT) Wildtype")
+      legend_col <- colours_SIR[1]
+    }
    if (any(cols_sub$cols == colours_SIR[2] & cols_sub$count > 0)) {
-      legend_txt <- c(legend_txt, paste("(I)", plot_name_of_I(cols_sub$guideline)))
+      legend_txt <- c(legend_txt, "(SDD) Susceptible dose-dependent")
      legend_col <- c(legend_col, colours_SIR[2])
    }
    if (any(cols_sub$cols == colours_SIR[3] & cols_sub$count > 0)) {
-      legend_txt <- c(legend_txt, "(R) Resistant")
+      legend_txt <- c(legend_txt, paste("(I)", plot_name_of_I(cols_sub$guideline)))
      legend_col <- c(legend_col, colours_SIR[3])
    }
+    if (!is_wt_nwt & any(cols_sub$cols == colours_SIR[4] & cols_sub$count > 0)) {
+      legend_txt <- c(legend_txt, "(R) Resistant")
+      legend_col <- c(legend_col, colours_SIR[4])
+    }
+    if (is_wt_nwt & any(cols_sub$cols == colours_SIR[4] & cols_sub$count > 0)) {
+      legend_txt <- c(legend_txt, "(NWT) Non-wildtype")
+      legend_col <- c(legend_col, colours_SIR[4])
+    }

    legend("top",
      x.intersp = 0.5,
@@ -580,7 +633,12 @@ barplot.mic <- function(height,
                        main = deparse(substitute(height)),
                        ylab = translate_AMR("Frequency", language = language),
                        xlab = translate_AMR("Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (mg/L)", language = language),
-                        colours_SIR = c("#3CAEA3", "#F6D55C", "#ED553B"),
+                        colours_SIR = c(
+                          S = "#3CAEA3",
+                          SDD = "#8FD6C4",
+                          I = "#F6D55C",
+                          R = "#ED553B"
+                        ),
                        language = get_AMR_locale(),
                        expand = TRUE,
                        ...) {
@@ -590,7 +648,7 @@ barplot.mic <- function(height,
  meet_criteria(mo, allow_class = c("mo", "character"), allow_NULL = TRUE)
  meet_criteria(ab, allow_class = c("ab", "character"), allow_NULL = TRUE)
  meet_criteria(guideline, allow_class = "character", has_length = 1)
-  meet_criteria(colours_SIR, allow_class = "character", has_length = c(1, 3))
+  meet_criteria(colours_SIR, allow_class = "character", has_length = c(1, 3, 4))
  language <- validate_language(language)
  meet_criteria(expand, allow_class = "logical", has_length = 1)

@@ -622,7 +680,12 @@ autoplot.mic <- function(object,
                         title = deparse(substitute(object)),
                         ylab = translate_AMR("Frequency", language = language),
                         xlab = translate_AMR("Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (mg/L)", language = language),
-                         colours_SIR = c("#3CAEA3", "#F6D55C", "#ED553B"),
+                         colours_SIR = c(
+                           S = "#3CAEA3",
+                           SDD = "#8FD6C4",
+                           I = "#F6D55C",
+                           R = "#ED553B"
+                         ),
                         language = get_AMR_locale(),
                         expand = TRUE,
                         include_PKPD = getOption("AMR_include_PKPD", TRUE),
@@ -635,9 +698,11 @@ autoplot.mic <- function(object,
  meet_criteria(title, allow_class = "character", allow_NULL = TRUE)
  meet_criteria(ylab, allow_class = "character", has_length = 1)
  meet_criteria(xlab, allow_class = "character", has_length = 1)
-  meet_criteria(colours_SIR, allow_class = "character", has_length = c(1, 3))
+  meet_criteria(colours_SIR, allow_class = "character", has_length = c(1, 3, 4))
  language <- validate_language(language)
  meet_criteria(expand, allow_class = "logical", has_length = 1)
+  meet_criteria(include_PKPD, allow_class = "logical", has_length = 1)
+  meet_criteria(breakpoint_type, allow_class = "character", is_in = AMR::clinical_breakpoints$type, has_length = 1)

  if ("main" %in% names(list(...))) {
    title <- list(...)$main
@@ -646,6 +711,11 @@ autoplot.mic <- function(object,
    title <- gsub(" +", " ", paste0(title, collapse = " "))
  }

+  colours_SIR <- expand_SIR_colours(colours_SIR)
+
+  # wildtype/Non-wildtype
+  is_wt_nwt <- identical(breakpoint_type, "ECOFF")
+
  object <- as.mic(object) # make sure that currently implemented MIC levels are used
  x <- plotrange_as_table(object, expand = expand)
  cols_sub <- plot_colours_subtitle_guideline(
@@ -664,15 +734,21 @@ autoplot.mic <- function(object,
  df <- as.data.frame(x, stringsAsFactors = TRUE)
  colnames(df) <- c("mic", "count")
  df$cols <- cols_sub$cols
-  df$cols[df$cols == colours_SIR[1]] <- "(S) Susceptible"
-  df$cols[df$cols == colours_SIR[2]] <- paste("(I)", plot_name_of_I(cols_sub$guideline))
-  df$cols[df$cols == colours_SIR[3]] <- "(R) Resistant"
+  df$cols[df$cols == colours_SIR[1] & !is_wt_nwt] <- "(S) Susceptible"
+  df$cols[df$cols == colours_SIR[1] & is_wt_nwt] <- "(WT) Wildtype"
+  df$cols[df$cols == colours_SIR[2]] <- "(SDD) Susceptible dose-dependent"
+  df$cols[df$cols == colours_SIR[3]] <- paste("(I)", plot_name_of_I(cols_sub$guideline))
+  df$cols[df$cols == colours_SIR[4] & !is_wt_nwt] <- "(R) Resistant"
+  df$cols[df$cols == colours_SIR[4] & is_wt_nwt] <- "(NWT) Non-wildtype"
  df$cols <- factor(translate_into_language(df$cols, language = language),
    levels = translate_into_language(
      c(
        "(S) Susceptible",
+        "(SDD) Susceptible dose-dependent",
        paste("(I)", plot_name_of_I(cols_sub$guideline)),
-        "(R) Resistant"
+        "(R) Resistant",
+        "(WT) Wildtype",
+        "(NWT) Non-wildtype"
      ),
      language = language
    ),
@@ -684,10 +760,12 @@ autoplot.mic <- function(object,
    vals <- c(
      "(S) Susceptible" = colours_SIR[1],
      "(SDD) Susceptible dose-dependent" = colours_SIR[2],
-      "(I) Susceptible, incr. exp." = colours_SIR[2],
-      "(I) Intermediate" = colours_SIR[2],
-      "(R) Resistant" = colours_SIR[3],
-      "(NI) Non-interpretable" = "grey"
+      "(I) Susceptible, incr. exp." = colours_SIR[3],
+      "(I) Intermediate" = colours_SIR[3],
+      "(R) Resistant" = colours_SIR[4],
+      "(NI) Non-interpretable" = "grey30",
+      "(WT) Wildtype" = colours_SIR[1],
+      "(NWT) Non-wildtype" = colours_SIR[4]
    )
    names(vals) <- translate_into_language(names(vals), language = language)
    p <- p +
@@ -731,7 +809,12 @@ plot.disk <- function(x,
                      mo = NULL,
                      ab = NULL,
                      guideline = getOption("AMR_guideline", "EUCAST"),
-                      colours_SIR = c("#3CAEA3", "#F6D55C", "#ED553B"),
+                      colours_SIR = c(
+                        S = "#3CAEA3",
+                        SDD = "#8FD6C4",
+                        I = "#F6D55C",
+                        R = "#ED553B"
+                      ),
                      language = get_AMR_locale(),
                      expand = TRUE,
                      include_PKPD = getOption("AMR_include_PKPD", TRUE),
@@ -743,14 +826,17 @@ plot.disk <- function(x,
  meet_criteria(mo, allow_class = c("mo", "character"), allow_NULL = TRUE)
  meet_criteria(ab, allow_class = c("ab", "character"), allow_NULL = TRUE)
  meet_criteria(guideline, allow_class = "character", has_length = 1)
-  meet_criteria(colours_SIR, allow_class = "character", has_length = c(1, 3))
+  meet_criteria(colours_SIR, allow_class = "character", has_length = c(1, 3, 4))
  language <- validate_language(language)
  meet_criteria(expand, allow_class = "logical", has_length = 1)
+  meet_criteria(include_PKPD, allow_class = "logical", has_length = 1)
+  meet_criteria(breakpoint_type, allow_class = "character", is_in = AMR::clinical_breakpoints$type, has_length = 1)

-  if (length(colours_SIR) == 1) {
-    colours_SIR <- rep(colours_SIR, 3)
-  }
  main <- gsub(" +", " ", paste0(main, collapse = " "))
+  colours_SIR <- expand_SIR_colours(colours_SIR)
+
+  # wildtype/Non-wildtype
+  is_wt_nwt <- identical(breakpoint_type, "ECOFF")

  x <- plotrange_as_table(x, expand = expand)
  cols_sub <- plot_colours_subtitle_guideline(
@@ -783,18 +869,30 @@ plot.disk <- function(x,
  if (any(colours_SIR %in% cols_sub$cols)) {
    legend_txt <- character(0)
    legend_col <- character(0)
-    if (any(cols_sub$cols == colours_SIR[3] & cols_sub$count > 0)) {
+    if (!is_wt_nwt & any(cols_sub$cols == colours_SIR[4] & cols_sub$count > 0)) {
      legend_txt <- "(R) Resistant"
-      legend_col <- colours_SIR[3]
+      legend_col <- colours_SIR[4]
+    }
+    if (is_wt_nwt & any(cols_sub$cols == colours_SIR[4] & cols_sub$count > 0)) {
+      legend_txt <- "(NWT) Non-wildtype"
+      legend_col <- colours_SIR[4]
+    }
+    if (any(cols_sub$cols == colours_SIR[3] & cols_sub$count > 0)) {
+      legend_txt <- c(legend_txt, paste("(I)", plot_name_of_I(cols_sub$guideline)))
+      legend_col <- c(legend_col, colours_SIR[3])
    }
    if (any(cols_sub$cols == colours_SIR[2] & cols_sub$count > 0)) {
-      legend_txt <- c(legend_txt, paste("(I)", plot_name_of_I(cols_sub$guideline)))
+      legend_txt <- c(legend_txt, "(SDD) Susceptible dose-dependent")
      legend_col <- c(legend_col, colours_SIR[2])
    }
-    if (any(cols_sub$cols == colours_SIR[1] & cols_sub$count > 0)) {
+    if (!is_wt_nwt & any(cols_sub$cols == colours_SIR[1] & cols_sub$count > 0)) {
      legend_txt <- c(legend_txt, "(S) Susceptible")
      legend_col <- c(legend_col, colours_SIR[1])
    }
+    if (is_wt_nwt & any(cols_sub$cols == colours_SIR[1] & cols_sub$count > 0)) {
+      legend_txt <- c(legend_txt, "(WT) Wildtype")
+      legend_col <- c(legend_col, colours_SIR[1])
+    }
    legend("top",
      x.intersp = 0.5,
      legend = translate_into_language(legend_txt, language = language),
@@ -818,9 +916,16 @@ barplot.disk <- function(height,
                         mo = NULL,
                         ab = NULL,
                         guideline = getOption("AMR_guideline", "EUCAST"),
-                         colours_SIR = c("#3CAEA3", "#F6D55C", "#ED553B"),
+                         colours_SIR = c(
+                           S = "#3CAEA3",
+                           SDD = "#8FD6C4",
+                           I = "#F6D55C",
+                           R = "#ED553B"
+                         ),
                         language = get_AMR_locale(),
                         expand = TRUE,
+                         include_PKPD = getOption("AMR_include_PKPD", TRUE),
+                         breakpoint_type = getOption("AMR_breakpoint_type", "human"),
                         ...) {
  meet_criteria(main, allow_class = "character", has_length = 1, allow_NULL = TRUE)
  meet_criteria(ylab, allow_class = "character", has_length = 1)
@@ -828,9 +933,11 @@ barplot.disk <- function(height,
  meet_criteria(mo, allow_class = c("mo", "character"), allow_NULL = TRUE)
  meet_criteria(ab, allow_class = c("ab", "character"), allow_NULL = TRUE)
  meet_criteria(guideline, allow_class = "character", has_length = 1)
-  meet_criteria(colours_SIR, allow_class = "character", has_length = c(1, 3))
+  meet_criteria(colours_SIR, allow_class = "character", has_length = c(1, 3, 4))
  language <- validate_language(language)
  meet_criteria(expand, allow_class = "logical", has_length = 1)
+  meet_criteria(include_PKPD, allow_class = "logical", has_length = 1)
+  meet_criteria(breakpoint_type, allow_class = "character", is_in = AMR::clinical_breakpoints$type, has_length = 1)

  main <- gsub(" +", " ", paste0(main, collapse = " "))

@@ -843,6 +950,10 @@ barplot.disk <- function(height,
    ab = ab,
    guideline = guideline,
    colours_SIR = colours_SIR,
+    language = language,
+    expand = expand,
+    include_PKPD = include_PKPD,
+    breakpoint_type = breakpoint_type,
    ...
  )
 }
@@ -858,7 +969,12 @@ autoplot.disk <- function(object,
                          ylab = translate_AMR("Frequency", language = language),
                          xlab = translate_AMR("Disk diffusion diameter (mm)", language = language),
                          guideline = getOption("AMR_guideline", "EUCAST"),
-                          colours_SIR = c("#3CAEA3", "#F6D55C", "#ED553B"),
+                          colours_SIR = c(
+                            S = "#3CAEA3",
+                            SDD = "#8FD6C4",
+                            I = "#F6D55C",
+                            R = "#ED553B"
+                          ),
                          language = get_AMR_locale(),
                          expand = TRUE,
                          include_PKPD = getOption("AMR_include_PKPD", TRUE),
@@ -871,7 +987,7 @@ autoplot.disk <- function(object,
  meet_criteria(mo, allow_class = c("mo", "character"), allow_NULL = TRUE)
  meet_criteria(ab, allow_class = c("ab", "character"), allow_NULL = TRUE)
  meet_criteria(guideline, allow_class = "character", has_length = 1)
-  meet_criteria(colours_SIR, allow_class = "character", has_length = c(1, 3))
+  meet_criteria(colours_SIR, allow_class = "character", has_length = c(1, 3, 4))
  language <- validate_language(language)
  meet_criteria(expand, allow_class = "logical", has_length = 1)

@@ -882,6 +998,11 @@ autoplot.disk <- function(object,
    title <- gsub(" +", " ", paste0(title, collapse = " "))
  }

+  colours_SIR <- expand_SIR_colours(colours_SIR)
+
+  # wildtype/Non-wildtype
+  is_wt_nwt <- identical(breakpoint_type, "ECOFF")
+
  x <- plotrange_as_table(object, expand = expand)
  cols_sub <- plot_colours_subtitle_guideline(
    x = x,
@@ -899,31 +1020,36 @@ autoplot.disk <- function(object,
  df <- as.data.frame(x, stringsAsFactors = TRUE)
  colnames(df) <- c("disk", "count")
  df$cols <- cols_sub$cols
-
-  df$cols[df$cols == colours_SIR[1]] <- "(S) Susceptible"
-  df$cols[df$cols == colours_SIR[2]] <- paste("(I)", plot_name_of_I(cols_sub$guideline))
-  df$cols[df$cols == colours_SIR[3]] <- "(R) Resistant"
+  df$cols[df$cols == colours_SIR[1] & !is_wt_nwt] <- "(S) Susceptible"
+  df$cols[df$cols == colours_SIR[1] & is_wt_nwt] <- "(WT) Wildtype"
+  df$cols[df$cols == colours_SIR[2]] <- "(SDD) Susceptible dose-dependent"
+  df$cols[df$cols == colours_SIR[3]] <- paste("(I)", plot_name_of_I(cols_sub$guideline))
+  df$cols[df$cols == colours_SIR[4] & !is_wt_nwt] <- "(R) Resistant"
+  df$cols[df$cols == colours_SIR[4] & is_wt_nwt] <- "(NWT) Non-wildtype"
  df$cols <- factor(translate_into_language(df$cols, language = language),
    levels = translate_into_language(
      c(
        "(S) Susceptible",
        paste("(I)", plot_name_of_I(cols_sub$guideline)),
-        "(R) Resistant"
+        "(R) Resistant",
+        "(WT) Wildtype",
+        "(NWT) Non-wildtype"
      ),
      language = language
    ),
    ordered = TRUE
  )
  p <- ggplot2::ggplot(df)
-
  if (any(colours_SIR %in% cols_sub$cols)) {
    vals <- c(
      "(S) Susceptible" = colours_SIR[1],
      "(SDD) Susceptible dose-dependent" = colours_SIR[2],
-      "(I) Susceptible, incr. exp." = colours_SIR[2],
-      "(I) Intermediate" = colours_SIR[2],
-      "(R) Resistant" = colours_SIR[3],
-      "(NI) Non-interpretable" = "grey"
+      "(I) Susceptible, incr. exp." = colours_SIR[3],
+      "(I) Intermediate" = colours_SIR[3],
+      "(R) Resistant" = colours_SIR[4],
+      "(NI) Non-interpretable" = "grey30",
+      "(WT) Wildtype" = colours_SIR[1],
+      "(NWT) Non-wildtype" = colours_SIR[4]
    )
    names(vals) <- translate_into_language(names(vals), language = language)
    p <- p +
@@ -971,25 +1097,25 @@ plot.sir <- function(x,
  data <- as.data.frame(table(x), stringsAsFactors = FALSE)
  colnames(data) <- c("x", "n")
  data$s <- round((data$n / sum(data$n)) * 100, 1)
+  data <- data[which(data$n > 0), ]

-  if (!"S" %in% data$x) {
-    data <- rbind_AMR(data, data.frame(x = "S", n = 0, s = 0, stringsAsFactors = FALSE))
-  }
-  if (!"SDD" %in% data$x) {
-    data <- rbind_AMR(data, data.frame(x = "SDD", n = 0, s = 0, stringsAsFactors = FALSE))
-  }
-  if (!"I" %in% data$x) {
-    data <- rbind_AMR(data, data.frame(x = "I", n = 0, s = 0, stringsAsFactors = FALSE))
-  }
-  if (!"R" %in% data$x) {
-    data <- rbind_AMR(data, data.frame(x = "R", n = 0, s = 0, stringsAsFactors = FALSE))
-  }
-  if (!"NI" %in% data$x) {
-    data <- rbind_AMR(data, data.frame(x = "NI", n = 0, s = 0, stringsAsFactors = FALSE))
+  if (!all(data$x %in% c("WT", "NWT"), na.rm = TRUE)) {
+    # # be sure to have at least S, I, and R
+    if (!"S" %in% data$x) {
+      data <- rbind_AMR(data, data.frame(x = "S", n = 0, s = 0, stringsAsFactors = FALSE))
+    }
+    if (!"I" %in% data$x) {
+      data <- rbind_AMR(data, data.frame(x = "I", n = 0, s = 0, stringsAsFactors = FALSE))
+    }
+    if (!"R" %in% data$x) {
+      data <- rbind_AMR(data, data.frame(x = "R", n = 0, s = 0, stringsAsFactors = FALSE))
+    }
+    lvls <- VALID_SIR_LEVELS[VALID_SIR_LEVELS %in% c(data$x, c("S", "I", "R"))]
+  } else {
+    lvls <- c("WT", "NWT")
  }

-  data <- data[!(data$n == 0 & data$x %in% c("SDD", "I", "NI")), , drop = FALSE]
-  data$x <- factor(data$x, levels = intersect(unique(data$x), c("S", "SDD", "I", "R", "NI")), ordered = TRUE)
+  data$x <- factor(data$x, levels = lvls, ordered = TRUE)

  ymax <- pm_if_else(max(data$s) > 95, 105, 100)

@@ -1004,7 +1130,7 @@ plot.sir <- function(x,
    axes = FALSE
  )
  # x axis
-  axis(side = 1, at = 1:pm_n_distinct(data$x), labels = levels(data$x), lwd = 0)
+  axis(side = 1, at = seq_along(lvls), labels = lvls, lwd = 0)
  # y axis, 0-100%
  axis(side = 2, at = seq(0, 100, 5))

@@ -1024,28 +1150,37 @@ barplot.sir <- function(height,
                        main = deparse(substitute(height)),
                        xlab = translate_AMR("Antimicrobial Interpretation", language = language),
                        ylab = translate_AMR("Frequency", language = language),
-                        colours_SIR = c("#3CAEA3", "#F6D55C", "#ED553B"),
+                        colours_SIR = c(
+                          S = "#3CAEA3",
+                          SDD = "#8FD6C4",
+                          I = "#F6D55C",
+                          R = "#ED553B"
+                        ),
                        language = get_AMR_locale(),
                        expand = TRUE,
                        ...) {
  meet_criteria(xlab, allow_class = "character", has_length = 1)
  meet_criteria(main, allow_class = "character", has_length = 1, allow_NULL = TRUE)
  meet_criteria(ylab, allow_class = "character", has_length = 1)
-  meet_criteria(colours_SIR, allow_class = "character", has_length = c(1, 3))
+  meet_criteria(colours_SIR, allow_class = "character", has_length = c(1, 3, 4))
  language <- validate_language(language)
  meet_criteria(expand, allow_class = "logical", has_length = 1)

-  if (length(colours_SIR) == 1) {
-    colours_SIR <- rep(colours_SIR, 3)
-  }
+  colours_SIR <- expand_SIR_colours(colours_SIR)
+
  # add SDD and N to colours
-  colours_SIR <- c(colours_SIR[1:2], colours_SIR[2], colours_SIR[3], "#888888")
+  colours_SIR <- c(colours_SIR, "grey30")
  main <- gsub(" +", " ", paste0(main, collapse = " "))

  x <- table(height)
-  # remove missing I, SDD, and N
-  colours_SIR <- colours_SIR[!(names(x) %in% c("SDD", "I", "NI") & x == 0)]
-  x <- x[!(names(x) %in% c("SDD", "I", "NI") & x == 0)]
+  if (all(height %in% c("WT", "NWT"), na.rm = TRUE)) {
+    colours_SIR <- colours_SIR[c(1, 4)]
+    x <- x[names(x) %in% c("WT", "NWT")]
+  } else {
+    # remove missing I, SDD, and N
+    colours_SIR <- colours_SIR[!(names(x) %in% c("SDD", "I", "NI") & x == 0)]
+    x <- x[!(names(x) %in% c("SDD", "I", "NI") & x == 0)]
+  }
  # plot it
  barplot(x,
    col = colours_SIR,
@@ -1065,14 +1200,19 @@ autoplot.sir <- function(object,
                         title = deparse(substitute(object)),
                         xlab = translate_AMR("Antimicrobial Interpretation", language = language),
                         ylab = translate_AMR("Frequency", language = language),
-                         colours_SIR = c("#3CAEA3", "#F6D55C", "#ED553B"),
+                         colours_SIR = c(
+                           S = "#3CAEA3",
+                           SDD = "#8FD6C4",
+                           I = "#F6D55C",
+                           R = "#ED553B"
+                         ),
                         language = get_AMR_locale(),
                         ...) {
  stop_ifnot_installed("ggplot2")
  meet_criteria(title, allow_class = "character", allow_NULL = TRUE)
  meet_criteria(ylab, allow_class = "character", has_length = 1)
  meet_criteria(xlab, allow_class = "character", has_length = 1)
-  meet_criteria(colours_SIR, allow_class = "character", has_length = c(1, 3))
+  meet_criteria(colours_SIR, allow_class = "character", has_length = c(1, 3, 4))

  if ("main" %in% names(list(...))) {
    title <- list(...)$main
@@ -1081,13 +1221,16 @@ autoplot.sir <- function(object,
    title <- gsub(" +", " ", paste0(title, collapse = " "))
  }

-  if (length(colours_SIR) == 1) {
-    colours_SIR <- rep(colours_SIR, 3)
-  }
+  colours_SIR <- expand_SIR_colours(colours_SIR)

  df <- as.data.frame(table(object), stringsAsFactors = TRUE)
  colnames(df) <- c("x", "n")
  df <- df[!(df$n == 0 & df$x %in% c("SDD", "I", "NI")), , drop = FALSE]
+  if (all(object %in% c("WT", "NWT"), na.rm = TRUE)) {
+    df <- df[which(df$x %in% c("WT", "NWT")), ]
+  } else {
+    df <- df[which(!df$x %in% c("WT", "NWT", "NS")), ]
+  }
  ggplot2::ggplot(df) +
    ggplot2::geom_col(ggplot2::aes(x = x, y = n, fill = x)) +
    # limits = force is needed because of a ggplot2 >= 3.3.4 bug (#4511)
@@ -1095,9 +1238,11 @@ autoplot.sir <- function(object,
      values = c(
        "S" = colours_SIR[1],
        "SDD" = colours_SIR[2],
-        "I" = colours_SIR[2],
-        "R" = colours_SIR[3],
-        "NI" = "#888888"
+        "I" = colours_SIR[3],
+        "R" = colours_SIR[4],
+        "NI" = "grey30",
+        "WT" = colours_SIR[1],
+        "NWT" = colours_SIR[4]
      ),
      limits = force
    ) +
@@ -1223,9 +1368,12 @@ plot_colours_subtitle_guideline <- function(x, mo, ab, guideline, colours_SIR, f
    cols[is.na(sir)] <- "#BEBEBE"
    cols[sir == "S"] <- colours_SIR[1]
    cols[sir == "SDD"] <- colours_SIR[2]
-    cols[sir == "I"] <- colours_SIR[2]
-    cols[sir == "R"] <- colours_SIR[3]
-    cols[sir == "NI"] <- "#888888"
+    cols[sir == "I"] <- colours_SIR[3]
+    cols[sir == "R"] <- colours_SIR[4]
+    cols[sir == "NI"] <- "grey30"
+    cols[sir == "WT"] <- colours_SIR[1]
+    cols[sir == "NWT"] <- colours_SIR[4]
+    cols[sir == "NS"] <- colours_SIR[4]
    sub <- bquote(.(abname) ~ "-" ~ italic(.(moname)) ~ .(guideline_txt))
  } else {
    cols <- "#BEBEBE"
@@ -1284,10 +1432,15 @@ scale_y_percent <- function(breaks = function(x) seq(0, max(x, na.rm = TRUE), 0.
 #' @export
 scale_sir_colours <- function(...,
                              aesthetics,
-                              colours_SIR = c("#3CAEA3", "#F6D55C", "#ED553B")) {
+                              colours_SIR = c(
+                                S = "#3CAEA3",
+                                SDD = "#8FD6C4",
+                                I = "#F6D55C",
+                                R = "#ED553B"
+                              )) {
  stop_ifnot_installed("ggplot2")
  meet_criteria(aesthetics, allow_class = "character", is_in = c("alpha", "colour", "color", "fill", "linetype", "shape", "size"))
-  meet_criteria(colours_SIR, allow_class = "character", has_length = c(1, 3))
+  meet_criteria(colours_SIR, allow_class = "character", has_length = c(1, 3, 4))

  if ("fill" %in% aesthetics && message_not_thrown_before("scale_sir_colours", "fill", entire_session = TRUE)) {
    warning_("Using `scale_sir_colours()` for the `fill` aesthetic has been superseded by `scale_fill_sir()`, please use that instead. This warning will be shown once per session.")
@@ -1296,67 +1449,48 @@ scale_sir_colours <- function(...,
    warning_("Using `scale_sir_colours()` for the `colour` aesthetic has been superseded by `scale_colour_sir()`, please use that instead. This warning will be shown once per session.")
  }

-  if (length(colours_SIR) == 1) {
-    colours_SIR <- rep(colours_SIR, 3)
-  }
-  # behaviour until AMR pkg v1.5.0 and also when coming from ggplot_sir()
  if ("colours" %in% names(list(...))) {
-    original_cols <- c(
-      S = colours_SIR[1],
-      SI = colours_SIR[1],
-      I = colours_SIR[2],
-      IR = colours_SIR[3],
-      R = colours_SIR[3]
-    )
-    colours <- replace(original_cols, names(list(...)$colours), list(...)$colours)
+    colours_SIR <- list(...)$colours
+  }
+
+  colours_SIR <- expand_SIR_colours(colours_SIR, unname = FALSE)
+
+  # behaviour when coming from ggplot_sir()
+  if ("colours" %in% names(list(...))) {
    # limits = force is needed in ggplot2 3.3.4 and 3.3.5, see here;
    # https://github.com/tidyverse/ggplot2/issues/4511#issuecomment-866185530
-    return(ggplot2::scale_fill_manual(values = colours, limits = force, aesthetics = aesthetics))
+    return(ggplot2::scale_fill_manual(values = colours_SIR, limits = force, aesthetics = aesthetics))
  }
  if (identical(unlist(list(...)), FALSE)) {
    return(invisible())
  }

-  names_susceptible <- c(
-    "S", "SI", "IS", "S+I", "I+S", "susceptible", "Susceptible",
-    unique(TRANSLATIONS[which(TRANSLATIONS$pattern == "Susceptible"),
-      "replacement",
-      drop = TRUE
-    ])
-  )
+  colours_SIR <- unname(colours_SIR)
+
+  names_susceptible <- c("S", "SI", "IS", "S+I", "I+S", "susceptible", "Susceptible")
+  names_susceptible_dose_dep <- c("SDD", "susceptible dose-dependent", "Susceptible dose-dependent")
  names_incr_exposure <- c(
    "I", "intermediate", "increased exposure", "incr. exposure",
-    "Increased exposure", "Incr. exposure", "Susceptible, incr. exp.",
-    unique(TRANSLATIONS[which(TRANSLATIONS$pattern == "Intermediate"),
-      "replacement",
-      drop = TRUE
-    ]),
-    unique(TRANSLATIONS[which(TRANSLATIONS$pattern == "Susceptible, incr. exp."),
-      "replacement",
-      drop = TRUE
-    ])
-  )
-  names_resistant <- c(
-    "R", "IR", "RI", "R+I", "I+R", "resistant", "Resistant",
-    unique(TRANSLATIONS[which(TRANSLATIONS$pattern == "Resistant"),
-      "replacement",
-      drop = TRUE
-    ])
+    "Increased exposure", "Incr. exposure", "Susceptible, incr. exp."
  )
+  names_resistant <- c("R", "IR", "RI", "R+I", "I+R", "resistant", "Resistant")

  susceptible <- rep(colours_SIR[1], length(names_susceptible))
  names(susceptible) <- names_susceptible
-  incr_exposure <- rep(colours_SIR[2], length(names_incr_exposure))
+  susceptible_dose_dep <- rep(colours_SIR[2], length(names_susceptible_dose_dep))
+  names(susceptible_dose_dep) <- names_susceptible_dose_dep
+  incr_exposure <- rep(colours_SIR[3], length(names_incr_exposure))
  names(incr_exposure) <- names_incr_exposure
-  resistant <- rep(colours_SIR[3], length(names_resistant))
+  resistant <- rep(colours_SIR[4], length(names_resistant))
  names(resistant) <- names_resistant

-  original_cols <- c(susceptible, incr_exposure, resistant)
+  original_cols <- c(susceptible, susceptible_dose_dep, incr_exposure, resistant)
  dots <- c(...)
-  # replace S, I, R as colours: scale_sir_colours(mydatavalue = "S")
+  # replace S, SDD, I, R as colours: scale_sir_colours(mydatavalue = "S")
  dots[dots == "S"] <- colours_SIR[1]
-  dots[dots == "I"] <- colours_SIR[2]
-  dots[dots == "R"] <- colours_SIR[3]
+  dots[dots == "SDD"] <- colours_SIR[2]
+  dots[dots == "I"] <- colours_SIR[3]
+  dots[dots == "R"] <- colours_SIR[4]
  cols <- replace(original_cols, names(dots), dots)
  # limits = force is needed in ggplot2 3.3.4 and 3.3.5, see here;
  # https://github.com/tidyverse/ggplot2/issues/4511#issuecomment-866185530
@@ -1435,3 +1569,39 @@ labels_sir_count <- function(position = NULL,
    }
  )
 }
+
+expand_SIR_colours <- function(colours_SIR, unname = TRUE) {
+  sir_order <- c("S", "SDD", "I", "R", "SI", "IR")
+
+  if (is.null(names(colours_SIR))) {
+    if (length(colours_SIR) == 1) {
+      colours_SIR <- rep(colours_SIR, 4)
+    } else if (length(colours_SIR) == 3) {
+      # old method for AMR < 3.0.1 which allowed for 3 colours
+      # fill in green for SDD as extra colour
+      colours_SIR <- c(colours_SIR[1], colours_SIR[1], colours_SIR[2], colours_SIR[3])
+    }
+    if (length(colours_SIR) == 4) {
+      # add colours for SI (same as S) and IR (same as R)
+      colours_SIR <- c(colours_SIR[1:4], colours_SIR[1], colours_SIR[4])
+    }
+    names(colours_SIR) <- sir_order
+  } else {
+    # named input: match and reorder
+    stop_ifnot(
+      all(names(colours_SIR) %in% sir_order),
+      "Unknown names in `colours_SIR`. Expected any of: ", vector_or(levels(NA_sir_), quotes = FALSE, sort = FALSE), "."
+    )
+    if (length(colours_SIR) == 4) {
+      # add colours for SI (same as S) and IR (same as R)
+      colours_SIR <- c(colours_SIR[1:4], SI = unname(colours_SIR[1]), IR = unname(colours_SIR[4]))
+    }
+    colours_SIR <- colours_SIR[sir_order]
+  }
+
+  if (unname) {
+    colours_SIR <- unname(colours_SIR)
+  }
+
+  return(colours_SIR)
+}
@@ -38,6 +38,11 @@
 #' @param only_all_tested (for combination therapies, i.e. using more than one variable for `...`): a [logical] to indicate that isolates must be tested for all antimicrobials, see section *Combination Therapy* below.
 #' @param data A [data.frame] containing columns with class [`sir`] (see [as.sir()]).
 #' @param translate_ab A column name of the [antimicrobials] data set to translate the antibiotic abbreviations to, using [ab_property()].
+#' @param guideline Either `"EUCAST"` (default) or `"CLSI"`. With EUCAST, the 'I' category will be considered as susceptible (see [EUCAST website](https://www.eucast.org/bacteria/clinical-breakpoints-and-interpretation/definition-of-s-i-and-r/)), but with with CLSI, it will be considered resistant. Therefore:
+#'   * EUCAST: [susceptibility()] \eqn{= \%S + \%I}, [resistance()] \eqn{= \%R}
+#'   * CLSI: [susceptibility()] \eqn{= \%S + \%SDD}, [resistance()] \eqn{= \%I + \%R}
+#'
+#' You can also use e.g. [proportion_R()] or [proportion_S()] instead, to be explicit.
 #' @inheritParams ab_property
 #' @param combine_SI A [logical] to indicate whether all values of S, SDD, and I must be merged into one, so the output only consists of S+SDD+I vs. R (susceptible vs. resistant) - the default is `TRUE`.
 #' @param ab_result Antibiotic results to test against, must be one or more values of "S", "SDD", "I", or "R".
@@ -228,16 +233,26 @@
 resistance <- function(...,
                       minimum = 30,
                       as_percent = FALSE,
-                       only_all_tested = FALSE) {
+                       only_all_tested = FALSE,
+                       guideline = getOption("AMR_guideline", "EUCAST")) {
+  # other arguments for meet_criteria are handled by sir_calc()
+  meet_criteria(guideline, allow_class = "character", is_in = c("EUCAST", "CLSI"), has_length = 1)
+  if (is.null(getOption("AMR_guideline")) && missing(guideline) && message_not_thrown_before("resistance", "eucast_default", entire_session = TRUE)) {
+    message_("{.help [{.fun resistance}](AMR::resistance)} assumes the EUCAST guideline and thus considers the 'I' category susceptible. Set the {.arg guideline} argument or the {.code AMR_guideline} option to either \"CLSI\" or \"EUCAST\", see {.topic [AMR-options](AMR::AMR-options)}.")
+    message_("This message will be shown once per session.")
+  }
  tryCatch(
    sir_calc(...,
-      ab_result = "R",
+      ab_result = c(
+        "R", "NWT", "NS",
+        if (identical(guideline, "CLSI")) "I"
+      ),
      minimum = minimum,
      as_percent = as_percent,
      only_all_tested = only_all_tested,
      only_count = FALSE
    ),
-    error = function(e) stop_(gsub("in sir_calc(): ", "", e$message, fixed = TRUE), call = -5)
+    error = function(e) stop_(gsub("in sir_calc(): ", "", conditionMessage(e), fixed = TRUE), call = -5)
  )
 }

@@ -246,16 +261,26 @@ resistance <- function(...,
 susceptibility <- function(...,
                           minimum = 30,
                           as_percent = FALSE,
-                           only_all_tested = FALSE) {
+                           only_all_tested = FALSE,
+                           guideline = getOption("AMR_guideline", "EUCAST")) {
+  # other arguments for meet_criteria are handled by sir_calc()
+  meet_criteria(guideline, allow_class = "character", is_in = c("EUCAST", "CLSI"), has_length = 1)
+  if (is.null(getOption("AMR_guideline")) && missing(guideline) && message_not_thrown_before("susceptibility", "eucast_default", entire_session = TRUE)) {
+    message_("{.help [{.fun susceptibility}](AMR::susceptibility)} assumes the EUCAST guideline and thus considers the 'I' category susceptible. Set the {.arg guideline} argument or the {.code AMR_guideline} option to either \"CLSI\" or \"EUCAST\", see {.topic [AMR-options](AMR::AMR-options)}.")
+    message_("This message will be shown once per session.")
+  }
  tryCatch(
    sir_calc(...,
-      ab_result = c("S", "SDD", "I"),
+      ab_result = c(
+        "S", "SDD", "WT",
+        if (identical(guideline, "EUCAST")) "I"
+      ),
      minimum = minimum,
      as_percent = as_percent,
      only_all_tested = only_all_tested,
      only_count = FALSE
    ),
-    error = function(e) stop_(gsub("in sir_calc(): ", "", e$message, fixed = TRUE), call = -5)
+    error = function(e) stop_(gsub("in sir_calc(): ", "", conditionMessage(e), fixed = TRUE), call = -5)
  )
 }

@@ -269,7 +294,7 @@ sir_confidence_interval <- function(...,
                                    confidence_level = 0.95,
                                    side = "both",
                                    collapse = FALSE) {
-  meet_criteria(ab_result, allow_class = c("character", "sir"), has_length = c(1:5), is_in = c("S", "SDD", "I", "R", "NI"))
+  meet_criteria(ab_result, allow_class = c("character", "sir"), has_length = seq_along(VALID_SIR_LEVELS), is_in = VALID_SIR_LEVELS)
  meet_criteria(minimum, allow_class = c("numeric", "integer"), has_length = 1, is_positive_or_zero = TRUE, is_finite = TRUE)
  meet_criteria(as_percent, allow_class = "logical", has_length = 1)
  meet_criteria(only_all_tested, allow_class = "logical", has_length = 1)
@@ -283,15 +308,15 @@ sir_confidence_interval <- function(...,
      only_all_tested = only_all_tested,
      only_count = TRUE
    ),
-    error = function(e) stop_(gsub("in sir_calc(): ", "", e$message, fixed = TRUE), call = -5)
+    error = function(e) stop_(gsub("in sir_calc(): ", "", conditionMessage(e), fixed = TRUE), call = -5)
  )
  n <- tryCatch(
    sir_calc(...,
-      ab_result = c("S", "SDD", "I", "R", "NI"),
+      ab_result = VALID_SIR_LEVELS,
      only_all_tested = only_all_tested,
      only_count = TRUE
    ),
-    error = function(e) stop_(gsub("in sir_calc(): ", "", e$message, fixed = TRUE), call = -5)
+    error = function(e) stop_(gsub("in sir_calc(): ", "", conditionMessage(e), fixed = TRUE), call = -5)
  )

  if (x == 0) {
@@ -341,13 +366,13 @@ proportion_R <- function(...,
                         only_all_tested = FALSE) {
  tryCatch(
    sir_calc(...,
-      ab_result = "R",
+      ab_result = c("R", "NWT", "NS"),
      minimum = minimum,
      as_percent = as_percent,
      only_all_tested = only_all_tested,
      only_count = FALSE
    ),
-    error = function(e) stop_(gsub("in sir_calc(): ", "", e$message, fixed = TRUE), call = -5)
+    error = function(e) stop_(gsub("in sir_calc(): ", "", conditionMessage(e), fixed = TRUE), call = -5)
  )
 }

@@ -359,13 +384,13 @@ proportion_IR <- function(...,
                          only_all_tested = FALSE) {
  tryCatch(
    sir_calc(...,
-      ab_result = c("I", "SDD", "R"),
+      ab_result = c("I", "SDD", "R", "NWT", "NS"),
      minimum = minimum,
      as_percent = as_percent,
      only_all_tested = only_all_tested,
      only_count = FALSE
    ),
-    error = function(e) stop_(gsub("in sir_calc(): ", "", e$message, fixed = TRUE), call = -5)
+    error = function(e) stop_(gsub("in sir_calc(): ", "", conditionMessage(e), fixed = TRUE), call = -5)
  )
 }

@@ -383,7 +408,7 @@ proportion_I <- function(...,
      only_all_tested = only_all_tested,
      only_count = FALSE
    ),
-    error = function(e) stop_(gsub("in sir_calc(): ", "", e$message, fixed = TRUE), call = -5)
+    error = function(e) stop_(gsub("in sir_calc(): ", "", conditionMessage(e), fixed = TRUE), call = -5)
  )
 }

@@ -395,13 +420,13 @@ proportion_SI <- function(...,
                          only_all_tested = FALSE) {
  tryCatch(
    sir_calc(...,
-      ab_result = c("S", "I", "SDD"),
+      ab_result = c("S", "I", "SDD", "WT"),
      minimum = minimum,
      as_percent = as_percent,
      only_all_tested = only_all_tested,
      only_count = FALSE
    ),
-    error = function(e) stop_(gsub("in sir_calc(): ", "", e$message, fixed = TRUE), call = -5)
+    error = function(e) stop_(gsub("in sir_calc(): ", "", conditionMessage(e), fixed = TRUE), call = -5)
  )
 }

@@ -413,13 +438,13 @@ proportion_S <- function(...,
                         only_all_tested = FALSE) {
  tryCatch(
    sir_calc(...,
-      ab_result = "S",
+      ab_result = c("S", "WT"),
      minimum = minimum,
      as_percent = as_percent,
      only_all_tested = only_all_tested,
      only_count = FALSE
    ),
-    error = function(e) stop_(gsub("in sir_calc(): ", "", e$message, fixed = TRUE), call = -5)
+    error = function(e) stop_(gsub("in sir_calc(): ", "", conditionMessage(e), fixed = TRUE), call = -5)
  )
 }

@@ -443,6 +468,6 @@ proportion_df <- function(data,
      combine_SI = combine_SI,
      confidence_level = confidence_level
    ),
-    error = function(e) stop_(gsub("in sir_calc_df(): ", "", e$message, fixed = TRUE), call = -5)
+    error = function(e) stop_(gsub("in sir_calc_df(): ", "", conditionMessage(e), fixed = TRUE), call = -5)
  )
 }
@@ -31,13 +31,17 @@
 #'
 #' These functions can be used for generating random MIC values and disk diffusion diameters, for AMR data analysis practice. By providing a microorganism and antimicrobial drug, the generated results will reflect reality as much as possible.
 #' @param size Desired size of the returned vector. If used in a [data.frame] call or `dplyr` verb, will get the current (group) size if left blank.
-#' @param mo Any [character] that can be coerced to a valid microorganism code with [as.mo()].
+#' @param mo Any [character] that can be coerced to a valid microorganism code with [as.mo()]. Can be the same length as `size`.
 #' @param ab Any [character] that can be coerced to a valid antimicrobial drug code with [as.ab()].
 #' @param prob_SIR A vector of length 3: the probabilities for "S" (1st value), "I" (2nd value) and "R" (3rd value).
+#' @param skew Direction of skew for MIC or disk values, either `"right"` or `"left"`. A left-skewed distribution has the majority of the data on the right.
+#' @param severity Skew severity; higher values will increase the skewedness. Default is `2`; use `0` to prevent skewedness.
 #' @param ... Ignored, only in place to allow future extensions.
-#' @details The base \R function [sample()] is used for generating values.
-#'
-#' Generated values are based on the EUCAST `r max(as.integer(gsub("[^0-9]", "", subset(clinical_breakpoints, guideline %like% "EUCAST")$guideline)))` guideline as implemented in the [clinical_breakpoints] data set. To create specific generated values per bug or drug, set the `mo` and/or `ab` argument.
+#' @details
+#' Internally, MIC and disk zone values are sampled based on clinical breakpoints defined in the [clinical_breakpoints] data set. To create specific generated values per bug or drug, set the `mo` and/or `ab` argument. The MICs are sampled on a log2 scale and disks linearly, using weighted probabilities. The weights are based on the `skew` and `severity` arguments:
+#' * `skew = "right"` places more emphasis on lower MIC or higher disk values.
+#' * `skew = "left"` places more emphasis on higher MIC or lower disk values.
+#' * `severity` controls the exponential bias applied.
 #' @return class `mic` for [random_mic()] (see [as.mic()]) and class `disk` for [random_disk()] (see [as.disk()])
 #' @name random
 #' @rdname random
@@ -47,8 +51,13 @@
 #' random_disk(25)
 #' random_sir(25)
 #'
+#' # add more skewedness, make more realistic by setting a bug and/or drug:
+#' disks <- random_disk(100, severity = 2, mo = "Escherichia coli", ab = "CIP")
+#' plot(disks)
+#' # `plot()` and `ggplot2::autoplot()` allow for coloured bars if `mo` and `ab` are set
+#' plot(disks, mo = "Escherichia coli", ab = "CIP", guideline = "CLSI 2025")
+#'
 #' \donttest{
-#' # make the random generation more realistic by setting a bug and/or drug:
 #' random_mic(25, "Klebsiella pneumoniae") # range 0.0625-64
 #' random_mic(25, "Klebsiella pneumoniae", "meropenem") # range 0.0625-16
 #' random_mic(25, "Streptococcus pneumoniae", "meropenem") # range 0.0625-4
@@ -57,26 +66,61 @@
 #' random_disk(25, "Klebsiella pneumoniae", "ampicillin") # range 11-17
 #' random_disk(25, "Streptococcus pneumoniae", "ampicillin") # range 12-27
 #' }
-random_mic <- function(size = NULL, mo = NULL, ab = NULL, ...) {
+random_mic <- function(size = NULL, mo = NULL, ab = NULL, skew = "right", severity = 1, ...) {
  meet_criteria(size, allow_class = c("numeric", "integer"), has_length = 1, is_positive = TRUE, is_finite = TRUE, allow_NULL = TRUE)
-  meet_criteria(mo, allow_class = "character", has_length = 1, allow_NULL = TRUE)
+  meet_criteria(mo, allow_class = "character", has_length = c(1, size), allow_NULL = TRUE)
  meet_criteria(ab, allow_class = "character", has_length = 1, allow_NULL = TRUE)
+  meet_criteria(skew, allow_class = "character", is_in = c("right", "left"), has_length = 1)
+  meet_criteria(severity, allow_class = c("numeric", "integer"), has_length = 1, is_positive_or_zero = TRUE, is_finite = TRUE)
+
  if (is.null(size)) {
    size <- NROW(get_current_data(arg_name = "size", call = -3))
  }
-  random_exec("MIC", size = size, mo = mo, ab = ab)
+  if (length(mo) > 1) {
+    out <- rep(NA_mic_, length(size))
+    p <- progress_ticker(n = length(unique(mo)), n_min = 10, title = "Generating random MIC values")
+    for (mo_ in unique(mo)) {
+      p$tick()
+      out[which(mo == mo_)] <- random_exec("MIC", size = sum(mo == mo_), mo = mo_, ab = ab, skew = skew, severity = severity)
+    }
+    out <- as.mic(out, keep_operators = "none")
+    if (stats::runif(1) > 0.5 && length(unique(out)) > 1) {
+      out[out == min(out)] <- paste0("<=", out[out == min(out)])
+    }
+    if (stats::runif(1) > 0.5 && length(unique(out)) > 1) {
+      out[out == max(out) & out %unlike% "<="] <- paste0(">=", out[out == max(out) & out %unlike% "<="])
+    }
+
+    return(out)
+  } else {
+    random_exec("MIC", size = size, mo = mo, ab = ab, skew = skew, severity = severity)
+  }
 }

 #' @rdname random
 #' @export
-random_disk <- function(size = NULL, mo = NULL, ab = NULL, ...) {
+random_disk <- function(size = NULL, mo = NULL, ab = NULL, skew = "left", severity = 1, ...) {
  meet_criteria(size, allow_class = c("numeric", "integer"), has_length = 1, is_positive = TRUE, is_finite = TRUE, allow_NULL = TRUE)
-  meet_criteria(mo, allow_class = "character", has_length = 1, allow_NULL = TRUE)
+  meet_criteria(mo, allow_class = "character", has_length = c(1, size), allow_NULL = TRUE)
  meet_criteria(ab, allow_class = "character", has_length = 1, allow_NULL = TRUE)
+  meet_criteria(skew, allow_class = "character", is_in = c("right", "left"), has_length = 1)
+  meet_criteria(severity, allow_class = c("numeric", "integer"), has_length = 1, is_positive_or_zero = TRUE, is_finite = TRUE)
+
  if (is.null(size)) {
    size <- NROW(get_current_data(arg_name = "size", call = -3))
  }
-  random_exec("DISK", size = size, mo = mo, ab = ab)
+  if (length(mo) > 1) {
+    out <- rep(NA_mic_, length(size))
+    p <- progress_ticker(n = length(unique(mo)), n_min = 10, title = "Generating random MIC values")
+    for (mo_ in unique(mo)) {
+      p$tick()
+      out[which(mo == mo_)] <- random_exec("DISK", size = sum(mo == mo_), mo = mo_, ab = ab, skew = skew, severity = severity)
+    }
+    out <- as.disk(out)
+    return(out)
+  } else {
+    random_exec("DISK", size = size, mo = mo, ab = ab, skew = skew, severity = severity)
+  }
 }

 #' @rdname random
@@ -90,78 +134,60 @@ random_sir <- function(size = NULL, prob_SIR = c(0.33, 0.33, 0.33), ...) {
  sample(as.sir(c("S", "I", "R")), size = size, replace = TRUE, prob = prob_SIR)
 }

-random_exec <- function(method_type, size, mo = NULL, ab = NULL) {
-  df <- AMR::clinical_breakpoints %pm>%
-    pm_filter(guideline %like% "EUCAST") %pm>%
-    pm_arrange(pm_desc(guideline)) %pm>%
-    subset(guideline == max(guideline) &
-      method == method_type &
-      type == "human")
+
+random_exec <- function(method_type, size, mo = NULL, ab = NULL, skew = "right", severity = 1) {
+  df <- AMR::clinical_breakpoints %pm>% subset(method == method_type & type == "human")

  if (!is.null(mo)) {
-    mo_coerced <- as.mo(mo)
-    mo_include <- c(
-      mo_coerced,
-      as.mo(mo_genus(mo_coerced)),
-      as.mo(mo_family(mo_coerced)),
-      as.mo(mo_order(mo_coerced))
-    )
-    df_new <- df %pm>%
-      subset(mo %in% mo_include)
-    if (nrow(df_new) > 0) {
-      df <- df_new
-    } else {
-      warning_("in `random_", tolower(method_type), "()`: no rows found that match mo '", mo, "', ignoring argument `mo`")
-    }
+    mo_coerced <- as.mo(mo, info = FALSE)
+    mo_include <- c(mo_coerced, as.mo(mo_genus(mo_coerced)), as.mo(mo_family(mo_coerced)), as.mo(mo_order(mo_coerced)))
+    df_new <- df %pm>% subset(mo %in% mo_include)
+    if (nrow(df_new) > 0) df <- df_new
  }

  if (!is.null(ab)) {
    ab_coerced <- as.ab(ab)
-    df_new <- df %pm>%
-      subset(ab %in% ab_coerced)
-    if (nrow(df_new) > 0) {
-      df <- df_new
-    } else {
-      warning_("in `random_", tolower(method_type), "()`: no rows found that match ab '", ab, "' (", ab_name(ab_coerced, tolower = TRUE, language = NULL), "), ignoring argument `ab`")
-    }
+    df_new <- df %pm>% subset(ab %in% ab_coerced)
+    if (nrow(df_new) > 0) df <- df_new
  }

  if (method_type == "MIC") {
-    # set range
-    mic_range <- c(0.001, 0.002, 0.005, 0.010, 0.025, 0.0625, 0.125, 0.250, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256)
+    lowest_mic <- min(df$breakpoint_S, na.rm = TRUE)
+    lowest_mic <- log2(lowest_mic) + sample(c(-3:2), 1)
+    lowest_mic <- 2^lowest_mic
+    highest_mic <- max(df$breakpoint_R, na.rm = TRUE)
+    highest_mic <- log2(highest_mic) + sample(c(-3:1), 1)
+    highest_mic <- max(lowest_mic * 2, 2^highest_mic)

-    # get highest/lowest +/- random 1 to 3 higher factors of two
-    max_range <- mic_range[min(
-      length(mic_range),
-      which(mic_range == max(df$breakpoint_R[!is.na(df$breakpoint_R)], na.rm = TRUE)) + sample(c(1:3), 1)
-    )]
-    min_range <- mic_range[max(
-      1,
-      which(mic_range == min(df$breakpoint_S, na.rm = TRUE)) - sample(c(1:3), 1)
-    )]
-
-    mic_range_new <- mic_range[mic_range <= max_range & mic_range >= min_range]
-    if (length(mic_range_new) == 0) {
-      mic_range_new <- mic_range
-    }
-    out <- as.mic(sample(mic_range_new, size = size, replace = TRUE))
-    # 50% chance that lowest will get <= and highest will get >=
+    out <- skewed_values(COMMON_MIC_VALUES, size = size, min = lowest_mic, max = highest_mic, skew = skew, severity = severity)
    if (stats::runif(1) > 0.5 && length(unique(out)) > 1) {
      out[out == min(out)] <- paste0("<=", out[out == min(out)])
    }
    if (stats::runif(1) > 0.5 && length(unique(out)) > 1) {
-      out[out == max(out)] <- paste0(">=", out[out == max(out)])
+      out[out == max(out) & out %unlike% "<="] <- paste0(">=", out[out == max(out) & out %unlike% "<="])
    }
-    return(out)
+    return(as.mic(out))
  } else if (method_type == "DISK") {
-    set_range <- seq(
-      from = as.integer(min(df$breakpoint_R[!is.na(df$breakpoint_R)], na.rm = TRUE) / 1.25),
-      to = as.integer(max(df$breakpoint_S, na.rm = TRUE) * 1.25),
+    disk_range <- seq(
+      from = floor(min(df$breakpoint_R[!is.na(df$breakpoint_R)], na.rm = TRUE) / 1.25),
+      to = ceiling(max(df$breakpoint_S[df$breakpoint_S != 50], na.rm = TRUE) * 1.25),
      by = 1
    )
-    out <- sample(set_range, size = size, replace = TRUE)
-    out[out < 6] <- sample(c(6:10), length(out[out < 6]), replace = TRUE)
-    out[out > 50] <- sample(c(40:50), length(out[out > 50]), replace = TRUE)
+    disk_range <- disk_range[disk_range >= 6 & disk_range <= 50]
+    out <- skewed_values(disk_range, size = size, min = min(disk_range), max = max(disk_range), skew = skew, severity = severity)
    return(as.disk(out))
  }
 }
+
+skewed_values <- function(values, size, min, max, skew = c("right", "left"), severity = 1) {
+  skew <- match.arg(skew)
+  range_vals <- values[values >= min & values <= max]
+  if (length(range_vals) < 2) range_vals <- values
+  ranks <- seq_along(range_vals)
+  weights <- switch(skew,
+    right = rev(ranks)^severity,
+    left = ranks^severity
+  )
+  weights <- weights / sum(weights)
+  sample(range_vals, size = size, replace = TRUE, prob = weights)
+}
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ resistance_predict <- function(x,
    prediction <- predictmodel$fit
    se <- predictmodel$se.fit
  } else {
-    stop("no valid model selected. See `?resistance_predict`.")
+    stop("no valid model selected. See {.help [{.fun resistance_predict}](AMR::resistance_predict)}.")
  }

  # prepare the output dataframe
@@ -27,6 +27,8 @@
 # how to conduct AMR data analysis: https://amr-for-r.org              #
 # ==================================================================== #

+VALID_SIR_LEVELS <- c("S", "SDD", "I", "R", "NI", "WT", "NWT", "NS")
+
 #' Interpret MIC and Disk Diffusion as SIR, or Clean Existing SIR Data
 #'
 #' @description Clean up existing SIR values, or interpret minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values and disk diffusion diameters according to EUCAST or CLSI. [as.sir()] transforms the input to a new class [`sir`], which is an ordered [factor] containing the levels `S`, `SDD`, `I`, `R`, `NI`.
@@ -42,22 +44,23 @@
 #' @param capped_mic_handling A [character] string that controls how MIC values with a cap (i.e., starting with `<`, `<=`, `>`, or `>=`) are interpreted. Supports the following options:
 #'
 #' `"none"`
-#'   * `<=` and `>=` are treated as-is.
-#'   * `<` and `>` are treated as-is.
+#'   * `<=`, `<`, `>` and `>=` are ignored.
 #'
-#' `"conservative"`
-#'   * `<=` and `>=` return `"NI"` (non-interpretable) if the MIC is within the breakpoint guideline range.
-#'   * `<` always returns `"S"`, and `>` always returns `"R"`.
+#' `"conservative"` (default)
+#'   * `<=`, `<`, `>` and `>=` return `"NI"` (non-interpretable) if the *true* MIC could be at either side of the breakpoint.
+#'   * This is the only mode that preserves uncertainty for ECOFFs.
 #'
-#' `"standard"` (default)
-#'   * `<=` and `>=` return `"NI"` (non-interpretable) if the MIC is within the breakpoint guideline range.
-#'   * `<` and `>` are treated as-is.
+#' `"standard"`
+#'   * `<=` and `>=` return `"NI"` (non-interpretable) if the *true* MIC could be at either side of the breakpoint.
+#'   * `<` always returns `"S"`, regardless of the breakpoint.
+#'   * `>` always returns `"R"`, regardless of the breakpoint.
 #'
-#' `"inverse"`
-#'   * `<=` and `>=` are treated as-is.
-#'   * `<` always returns `"S"`, and `>` always returns `"R"`.
+#' `"lenient"`
+#'   * `<=` and `<` always return `"S"`, regardless of the breakpoint.
+#'   * `>=` and `>` always return `"R"`, regardless of the breakpoint.
 #'
-#' The default `"standard"` setting ensures cautious handling of uncertain values while preserving interpretability. This option can also be set with the package option [`AMR_capped_mic_handling`][AMR-options].
+#' The default `"conservative"` setting ensures cautious handling of uncertain values while preserving interpretability. This option can also be set with the package option [`AMR_capped_mic_handling`][AMR-options].
+#' @param as_wt_nwt A [logical] to return `"WT"`/`"NWT"` instead of `"S"`/`"R"`. Defaults to `TRUE` when using ECOFFs, i.e., when `breakpoint_type` is set to `"ECOFF"`.
 #' @param add_intrinsic_resistance *(only useful when using a EUCAST guideline)* a [logical] to indicate whether intrinsic antibiotic resistance must also be considered for applicable bug-drug combinations, meaning that e.g. ampicillin will always return "R" in *Klebsiella* species. Determination is based on the [intrinsic_resistant] data set, that itself is based on `r format_eucast_version_nr(3.3)`.
 #' @param substitute_missing_r_breakpoint A [logical] to indicate that a missing clinical breakpoints for R (resistant) must be substituted with R - the default is `FALSE`. Some (especially CLSI) breakpoints only have a breakpoint for S, meaning that the outcome can only be `"S"` or `NA`. Setting this to `TRUE` will convert the `NA`s in these cases to `"R"`. Can also be set with the package option [`AMR_substitute_missing_r_breakpoint`][AMR-options].
 #' @param include_screening A [logical] to indicate that clinical breakpoints for screening are allowed - the default is `FALSE`. Can also be set with the package option [`AMR_include_screening`][AMR-options].
@@ -69,7 +72,9 @@
 #' @param reference_data A [data.frame] to be used for interpretation, which defaults to the [clinical_breakpoints] data set. Changing this argument allows for using own interpretation guidelines. This argument must contain a data set that is equal in structure to the [clinical_breakpoints] data set (same column names and column types). Please note that the `guideline` argument will be ignored when `reference_data` is manually set.
 #' @param threshold Maximum fraction of invalid antimicrobial interpretations of `x`, see *Examples*.
 #' @param conserve_capped_values Deprecated, use `capped_mic_handling` instead.
-#' @param ... For using on a [data.frame]: names of columns to apply [as.sir()] on (supports tidy selection such as `column1:column4`). Otherwise: arguments passed on to methods.
+#' @param ... For using on a [data.frame]: selection of columns to apply `as.sir()` to. Supports [tidyselect language][tidyselect::starts_with()] such as `where(is.mic)`, `starts_with(...)`, or `column1:column4`, and can thus also be [antimicrobial selectors][amr_selector()], e.g. `as.sir(df, penicillins())`.
+#'
+#' Otherwise: arguments passed on to methods.
 #' @details
 #' *Note: The clinical breakpoints in this package were validated through, and imported from, [WHONET](https://whonet.org). The public use of this `AMR` package has been endorsed by both CLSI and EUCAST. See [clinical_breakpoints] for more information.*
 #'
@@ -93,7 +98,7 @@
 #'      # fast processing with parallel computing:
 #'      as.sir(your_data, ..., parallel = TRUE)
 #'      ```
-#'    * Operators like "<=" will be stripped before interpretation. When using `capped_mic_handling = "conservative"`, an MIC value of e.g. ">2" will always return "R", even if the breakpoint according to the chosen guideline is ">=4". This is to prevent that capped values from raw laboratory data would not be treated conservatively. The default behaviour (`capped_mic_handling = "standard"`) considers ">2" to be lower than ">=4" and might in this case return "S" or "I".
+#'    * Operators like "<=" will be considered according to the `capped_mic_handling` setting. At default, an MIC value of e.g. ">2" will return "NI" (non-interpretable) if the breakpoint is 4-8; the *true* MIC could be at either side of the breakpoint. This is to prevent that capped values from raw laboratory data would not be treated conservatively.
 #'    * **Note:** When using CLSI as the guideline, MIC values must be log2-based doubling dilutions. Values not in this format, will be automatically rounded up to the nearest log2 level as CLSI instructs, and a warning will be thrown.
 #'
 #' 3. For **interpreting disk diffusion diameters** according to EUCAST or CLSI. You must clean your disk zones first using [as.disk()], that also gives your columns the new data class [`disk`]. Also, be sure to have a column with microorganism names or codes. It will be found automatically, but can be set manually using the `mo` argument.
@@ -151,19 +156,19 @@
 #'
 #' ### After Interpretation
 #'
-#' After using [as.sir()], you can use the [eucast_rules()] defined by EUCAST to (1) apply inferred susceptibility and resistance based on results of other antimicrobials and (2) apply intrinsic resistance based on taxonomic properties of a microorganism.
+#' After using [as.sir()], you can use the [interpretive_rules()] to (1) apply inferred susceptibility and resistance based on results of other antimicrobials and (2) apply intrinsic resistance based on taxonomic properties of a microorganism.
 #'
-#' To determine which isolates are multi-drug resistant, be sure to run [mdro()] (which applies the MDR/PDR/XDR guideline from 2012 at default) on a data set that contains S/I/R values. Read more about [interpreting multidrug-resistant organisms here][mdro()].
+#' To determine which isolates are multi-drug resistant, be sure to run [mdro()] (which applies the MDR/PDR/XDR guideline from 2012 at default) on a data set that contains S/I/R values. Read more about [detecting multidrug-resistant organisms here][mdro()].
 #'
 #' ### Other
 #'
 #' The function [is.sir()] detects if the input contains class `sir`. If the input is a [data.frame] or [list], it iterates over all columns/items and returns a [logical] vector.
 #'
-#' The base R function [as.double()] can be used to retrieve quantitative values from a `sir` object: `"S"` = 1, `"I"`/`"SDD"` = 2, `"R"` = 3. All other values are rendered `NA` . **Note:** Do not use `as.integer()`, since that (because of how R works internally) will return the factor level indices, and not these aforementioned quantitative values.
+#' The base R function [as.double()] can be used to retrieve quantitative values from a `sir` object: `"S"` = 1, `"I"`/`"SDD"` = 2, `"R"` = 3. All other values are rendered `NA`. **Note:** Do not use `as.integer()`, since that (because of how R works internally) will return the factor level indices, and not these aforementioned quantitative values.
 #'
 #' The function [is_sir_eligible()] returns `TRUE` when a column contains at most 5% potentially invalid antimicrobial interpretations, and `FALSE` otherwise. The threshold of 5% can be set with the `threshold` argument. If the input is a [data.frame], it iterates over all columns and returns a [logical] vector.
 #' @section Interpretation of SIR:
-#' In 2019, the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) has decided to change the definitions of susceptibility testing categories S, I, and R (<https://www.eucast.org/newsiandr>).
+#' In 2019, the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) has decided to change the definitions of susceptibility testing categories S, I, and R (<https://www.eucast.org/bacteria/clinical-breakpoints-and-interpretation/definition-of-s-i-and-r/>).
 #'
 #' This AMR package follows insight; use [susceptibility()] (equal to [proportion_SI()]) to determine antimicrobial susceptibility and [count_susceptible()] (equal to [count_SI()]) to count susceptible isolates.
 #' @return Ordered [factor] with new class `sir`
@@ -177,7 +182,7 @@
 #' - **CLSI M100: Performance Standard for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing**, `r min(as.integer(gsub("[^0-9]", "", subset(AMR::clinical_breakpoints, guideline %like% "CLSI" & type != "animal")$guideline)))`-`r max(as.integer(gsub("[^0-9]", "", subset(AMR::clinical_breakpoints, guideline %like% "CLSI" & type != "animal")$guideline)))`, *Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute* (CLSI). <https://clsi.org/standards/products/microbiology/documents/m100/>.
 #' - **CLSI VET01: Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk and Dilution Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria Isolated From Animals**, `r min(as.integer(gsub("[^0-9]", "", subset(AMR::clinical_breakpoints, guideline %like% "CLSI" & type == "animal")$guideline)))`-`r max(as.integer(gsub("[^0-9]", "", subset(AMR::clinical_breakpoints, guideline %like% "CLSI" & type == "animal")$guideline)))`, *Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute* (CLSI). <https://clsi.org/standards/products/veterinary-medicine/documents/vet01/>.
 ###### TODO  - **CLSI VET09: Understanding Susceptibility Test Data as a Component of Antimicrobial Stewardship in Veterinary Settings**, `r min(as.integer(gsub("[^0-9]", "", subset(AMR::clinical_breakpoints, guideline %like% "CLSI" & type == "animal")$guideline)))`-`r max(as.integer(gsub("[^0-9]", "", subset(AMR::clinical_breakpoints, guideline %like% "CLSI" & type == "animal")$guideline)))`, *Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute* (CLSI). <https://clsi.org/standards/products/veterinary-medicine/documents/vet09/>.
-#' - **EUCAST Breakpoint tables for interpretation of MICs and zone diameters**, `r min(as.integer(gsub("[^0-9]", "", subset(AMR::clinical_breakpoints, guideline %like% "EUCAST")$guideline)))`-`r max(as.integer(gsub("[^0-9]", "", subset(AMR::clinical_breakpoints, guideline %like% "EUCAST")$guideline)))`, *European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing* (EUCAST). <https://www.eucast.org/clinical_breakpoints>.
+#' - **EUCAST Breakpoint tables for interpretation of MICs and zone diameters**, `r min(as.integer(gsub("[^0-9]", "", subset(AMR::clinical_breakpoints, guideline %like% "EUCAST")$guideline)))`-`r max(as.integer(gsub("[^0-9]", "", subset(AMR::clinical_breakpoints, guideline %like% "EUCAST")$guideline)))`, *European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing* (EUCAST). <https://www.eucast.org/bacteria/clinical-breakpoints-and-interpretation/clinical-breakpoint-tables/>.
 #' - **WHONET** as a source for machine-reading the clinical breakpoints ([read more here](https://amr-for-r.org/reference/clinical_breakpoints.html#imported-from-whonet)), 1989-`r max(as.integer(gsub("[^0-9]", "", AMR::clinical_breakpoints$guideline)))`, *WHO Collaborating Centre for Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance*. <https://whonet.org/>.
 #'
 #' @inheritSection AMR Download Our Reference Data
@@ -225,9 +230,12 @@
 #'   df_wide %>% mutate_if(is.mic, as.sir)
 #'   df_wide %>% mutate_if(function(x) is.mic(x) | is.disk(x), as.sir)
 #'   df_wide %>% mutate(across(where(is.mic), as.sir))
+#'
 #'   df_wide %>% mutate_at(vars(amoxicillin:tobra), as.sir)
 #'   df_wide %>% mutate(across(amoxicillin:tobra, as.sir))
 #'
+#'   df_wide %>% mutate(across(aminopenicillins(), as.sir))
+#'
 #'   # approaches that all work with additional arguments:
 #'   df_long %>%
 #'     # given a certain data type, e.g. MIC values
@@ -348,6 +356,10 @@
 #'
 #' as.sir(c("S", "SDD", "I", "R", "NI", "A", "B", "C"))
 #' as.sir("<= 0.002; S") # will return "S"
+#'
+#' as.sir(c(1, 2, 3))
+#' as.sir(c(1, 2, 3), S = 3, I = 2, R = 1)
+#'
 #' sir_data <- as.sir(c(rep("S", 474), rep("I", 36), rep("R", 370)))
 #' is.sir(sir_data)
 #' plot(sir_data) # for percentages
@@ -389,7 +401,7 @@ as_sir_structure <- function(x,
                             ref_breakpoints = NULL) {
  structure(
    factor(as.character(unlist(unname(x))),
-      levels = c("S", "SDD", "I", "R", "NI"),
+      levels = VALID_SIR_LEVELS,
      ordered = TRUE
    ),
    # TODO for #170
@@ -429,7 +441,7 @@ is_sir_eligible <- function(x, threshold = 0.05) {
    return(unname(vapply(FUN.VALUE = logical(1), x, is_sir_eligible)))
  }

-  stop_if(NCOL(x) > 1, "`x` must be a one-dimensional vector.")
+  stop_if(NCOL(x) > 1, "{.arg x} must be a one-dimensional vector.")
  if (any(c(
    "numeric",
    "integer",
@@ -445,9 +457,9 @@ is_sir_eligible <- function(x, threshold = 0.05) {
  %in% class(x))) {
    # no transformation needed
    return(FALSE)
-  } else if (!all(is.na(x)) && all(x %in% c("S", "SDD", "I", "R", "NI", NA, "s", "sdd", "i", "r", "ni"))) {
+  } else if (!all(is.na(x)) && all(x %in% c(VALID_SIR_LEVELS, tolower(VALID_SIR_LEVELS), NA))) {
    return(TRUE)
-  } else if (!all(is.na(x)) && !any(c("S", "SDD", "I", "R", "NI") %in% gsub("([SIR])\\1+", "\\1", gsub("[^A-Z]", "", toupper(unique(x[1:10000])), perl = TRUE), perl = TRUE), na.rm = TRUE)) {
+  } else if (!all(is.na(x)) && !any(VALID_SIR_LEVELS %in% gsub("([SIR])\\1+", "\\1", gsub("[^A-Z]", "", toupper(unique(x[1:10000])), perl = TRUE), perl = TRUE), na.rm = TRUE)) {
    return(FALSE)
  } else {
    x <- x[!is.na(x) & !is.null(x) & !x %in% c("", "-", "NULL")]
@@ -477,22 +489,28 @@ is_sir_eligible <- function(x, threshold = 0.05) {

 #' @rdname as.sir
 #' @export
-#' @param S,I,R,NI,SDD A case-independent [regular expression][base::regex] to translate input to this result. This regular expression will be run *after* all non-letters and whitespaces are removed from the input.
+#' @param S,I,R,NI,SDD,WT,NWT,NS A case-independent [regular expression][base::regex] to translate input to this result. This regular expression will be run *after* all non-letters and whitespaces are removed from the input.
 #' @param info A [logical] to print information about the process, defaults to `TRUE` only in [interactive sessions][base::interactive()].
 # extra param: warn (logical, to never throw a warning)
 as.sir.default <- function(x,
-                           S = "^(S|U)+$",
-                           I = "^(I)+$",
-                           R = "^(R)+$",
-                           NI = "^(N|NI|V)+$",
-                           SDD = "^(SDD|D|H)+$",
+                           S = "^(S|U|1)+$",
+                           I = "^(I|2)+$",
+                           R = "^(R|3)+$",
+                           NI = "^(N|NI|V|4)+$",
+                           SDD = "^(SDD|D|H|5)+$",
+                           WT = "^(WT|6)+$",
+                           NWT = "^(NWT|7)+$",
+                           NS = "^(NS|8)+$",
                           info = interactive(),
                           ...) {
-  meet_criteria(S, allow_class = "character", has_length = 1)
-  meet_criteria(I, allow_class = "character", has_length = 1)
-  meet_criteria(R, allow_class = "character", has_length = 1)
-  meet_criteria(NI, allow_class = "character", has_length = 1)
-  meet_criteria(SDD, allow_class = "character", has_length = 1)
+  meet_criteria(S, allow_class = c("character", "numeric", "integer", "factor"), has_length = 1)
+  meet_criteria(I, allow_class = c("character", "numeric", "integer", "factor"), has_length = 1)
+  meet_criteria(R, allow_class = c("character", "numeric", "integer", "factor"), has_length = 1)
+  meet_criteria(NI, allow_class = c("character", "numeric", "integer", "factor"), has_length = 1)
+  meet_criteria(SDD, allow_class = c("character", "numeric", "integer", "factor"), has_length = 1)
+  meet_criteria(WT, allow_class = c("character", "numeric", "integer", "factor"), has_length = 1)
+  meet_criteria(NWT, allow_class = c("character", "numeric", "integer", "factor"), has_length = 1)
+  meet_criteria(NS, allow_class = c("character", "numeric", "integer", "factor"), has_length = 1)
  meet_criteria(info, allow_class = "logical", has_length = 1)
  if (inherits(x, "sir")) {
    return(as_sir_structure(x))
@@ -501,36 +519,20 @@ as.sir.default <- function(x,
  x.bak <- x
  x <- as.character(x) # this is needed to prevent the vctrs pkg from throwing an error

-  if (inherits(x.bak, c("numeric", "integer")) && all(x %in% c(1:3, NA))) {
+  lbls <- attr(x.bak, "labels", exact = TRUE)
+  if (inherits(x.bak, c("numeric", "integer")) && all(x %in% c(1:3, NA)) && !is.null(lbls) && all(c("S", "I", "R") %in% names(lbls)) && all(c(1:3) %in% lbls)) {
    # support haven package for importing e.g., from SPSS - it adds the 'labels' attribute
-    lbls <- attributes(x.bak)$labels
-    if (!is.null(lbls) && all(c("S", "I", "R") %in% names(lbls)) && all(c(1:3) %in% lbls)) {
-      x[x.bak == 1] <- names(lbls[lbls == 1])
-      x[x.bak == 2] <- names(lbls[lbls == 2])
-      x[x.bak == 3] <- names(lbls[lbls == 3])
-    } else {
-      x[x.bak == 1] <- "S"
-      x[x.bak == 2] <- "I"
-      x[x.bak == 3] <- "R"
-    }
-  } else if (inherits(x.bak, "character") && all(x %in% c("1", "2", "3", "S", "I", "R", NA_character_))) {
-    x[x.bak == "1"] <- "S"
-    x[x.bak == "2"] <- "I"
-    x[x.bak == "3"] <- "R"
-  } else if (inherits(x.bak, "character") && all(x %in% c("1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "S", "SDD", "I", "R", "NI", NA_character_))) {
-    x[x.bak == "1"] <- "S"
-    x[x.bak == "2"] <- "SDD"
-    x[x.bak == "3"] <- "I"
-    x[x.bak == "4"] <- "R"
-    x[x.bak == "5"] <- "NI"
-  } else if (!all(is.na(x)) && !identical(levels(x), c("S", "SDD", "I", "R", "NI")) && !all(x %in% c("S", "SDD", "I", "R", "NI", NA))) {
-    if (all(x %unlike% "(S|I|R)", na.rm = TRUE)) {
+    x[x.bak == 1] <- names(lbls[lbls == 1])
+    x[x.bak == 2] <- names(lbls[lbls == 2])
+    x[x.bak == 3] <- names(lbls[lbls == 3])
+  } else if (!all(is.na(x)) && !identical(levels(x), VALID_SIR_LEVELS) && !all(x %in% c(VALID_SIR_LEVELS, NA))) {
+    if (all(x %unlike% "(S|I|R)", na.rm = TRUE) && !all(x %in% c(1, 2, 3, 4, 5), na.rm = TRUE)) {
      # check if they are actually MICs or disks
      if (all_valid_mics(x)) {
-        warning_("in `as.sir()`: input values were guessed to be MIC values - preferably transform them with `as.mic()` before running `as.sir()`.")
+        warning_("in {.help [{.fun as.sir}](AMR::as.sir)}: input values were guessed to be MIC values - preferably transform them with {.help [{.fun as.mic}](AMR::as.mic)} before running {.help [{.fun as.sir}](AMR::as.sir)}.")
        return(as.sir(as.mic(x), ...))
      } else if (all_valid_disks(x)) {
-        warning_("in `as.sir()`: input values were guessed to be disk diffusion values - preferably transform them with `as.disk()` before running `as.sir()`.")
+        warning_("in {.help [{.fun as.sir}](AMR::as.sir)}: input values were guessed to be disk diffusion values - preferably transform them with {.help [{.fun as.disk}](AMR::as.disk)} before running {.help [{.fun as.sir}](AMR::as.sir)}.")
        return(as.sir(as.disk(x), ...))
      }
    }
@@ -564,26 +566,53 @@ as.sir.default <- function(x,
    x[x %like% "not|non"] <- "NI"
    x[x %like% "([^a-z]|^)int(er(mediate)?)?|incr.*exp"] <- "I"
    x[x %like% "dose"] <- "SDD"
-    x <- gsub("[^A-Z]+", "", x, perl = TRUE)
+    mtch <- grepl(paste0("(", S, "|", I, "|", R, "|", NI, "|", SDD, "|", WT, "|", NWT, "|", NS, "|[A-Z]+)"), x, perl = TRUE)
+    x[!mtch] <- ""
+    x[mtch & x %unlike% "^[0-9+]$"] <- trimws2(gsub("[^\\p{L}]", "", x[mtch & x %unlike% "^[0-9+]$"], perl = TRUE)) # \p{L} is the Unicode category for all letters, including those with diacritics
    # apply regexes set by user
    x[x %like% S] <- "S"
    x[x %like% I] <- "I"
    x[x %like% R] <- "R"
    x[x %like% NI] <- "NI"
    x[x %like% SDD] <- "SDD"
-    x[!x %in% c("S", "SDD", "I", "R", "NI")] <- NA_character_
+    x[x %like% WT] <- "WT"
+    x[x %like% NWT] <- "NWT"
+    x[x %like% NS] <- "NS"
+    x[!x %in% VALID_SIR_LEVELS] <- NA_character_
    na_after <- length(x[is.na(x) | x == ""])

    if (!isFALSE(list(...)$warn)) { # so as.sir(..., warn = FALSE) will never throw a warning
+      if (all(x.bak %in% c(1:8), na.rm = TRUE) && message_not_thrown_before("as.sir", "numeric_interpretation", x, x.bak)) {
+        out1 <- unique(x[x.bak == 1])
+        out2 <- unique(x[x.bak == 2])
+        out3 <- unique(x[x.bak == 3])
+        out4 <- unique(x[x.bak == 4])
+        out5 <- unique(x[x.bak == 5])
+        out6 <- unique(x[x.bak == 6])
+        out7 <- unique(x[x.bak == 7])
+        out8 <- unique(x[x.bak == 8])
+        out <- c(
+          ifelse(length(out1) > 0, paste0("1 as \"", out1, "\""), NA_character_),
+          ifelse(length(out2) > 0, paste0("2 as \"", out2, "\""), NA_character_),
+          ifelse(length(out3) > 0, paste0("3 as \"", out3, "\""), NA_character_),
+          ifelse(length(out4) > 0, paste0("4 as \"", out4, "\""), NA_character_),
+          ifelse(length(out5) > 0, paste0("5 as \"", out5, "\""), NA_character_),
+          ifelse(length(out6) > 0, paste0("6 as \"", out6, "\""), NA_character_),
+          ifelse(length(out7) > 0, paste0("7 as \"", out7, "\""), NA_character_),
+          ifelse(length(out8) > 0, paste0("8 as \"", out8, "\""), NA_character_)
+        )
+        message_("in {.help [{.fun as.sir}](AMR::as.sir)}: Interpreting input value ", vector_and(out[!is.na(out)], quotes = FALSE, sort = FALSE))
+      }
+
      if (na_before != na_after) {
        list_missing <- x.bak[is.na(x) & !is.na(x.bak) & x.bak != ""] %pm>%
          unique() %pm>%
          sort() %pm>%
          vector_and(quotes = TRUE)
        cur_col <- get_current_column()
-        warning_("in `as.sir()`: ", na_after - na_before, " result",
+        warning_("in {.help [{.fun as.sir}](AMR::as.sir)}: ", na_after - na_before, " result",
          ifelse(na_after - na_before > 1, "s", ""),
-          ifelse(is.null(cur_col), "", paste0(" in index '", cur_col, "'")),
+          ifelse(is.null(cur_col), "", paste0(" in column '", cur_col, "'")),
          " truncated (",
          round(((na_after - na_before) / length(x)) * 100),
          "%) that were invalid antimicrobial interpretations: ",
@@ -605,6 +634,7 @@ as.sir.mic <- function(x,
                       guideline = getOption("AMR_guideline", "EUCAST"),
                       uti = NULL,
                       capped_mic_handling = getOption("AMR_capped_mic_handling", "standard"),
+                       as_wt_nwt = identical(breakpoint_type, "ECOFF"),
                       add_intrinsic_resistance = FALSE,
                       reference_data = AMR::clinical_breakpoints,
                       substitute_missing_r_breakpoint = getOption("AMR_substitute_missing_r_breakpoint", FALSE),
@@ -626,6 +656,7 @@ as.sir.mic <- function(x,
    guideline = guideline,
    uti = uti,
    capped_mic_handling = capped_mic_handling,
+    as_wt_nwt = as_wt_nwt,
    add_intrinsic_resistance = add_intrinsic_resistance,
    reference_data = reference_data,
    substitute_missing_r_breakpoint = substitute_missing_r_breakpoint,
@@ -648,6 +679,7 @@ as.sir.disk <- function(x,
                        ab = deparse(substitute(x)),
                        guideline = getOption("AMR_guideline", "EUCAST"),
                        uti = NULL,
+                        as_wt_nwt = identical(breakpoint_type, "ECOFF"),
                        add_intrinsic_resistance = FALSE,
                        reference_data = AMR::clinical_breakpoints,
                        substitute_missing_r_breakpoint = getOption("AMR_substitute_missing_r_breakpoint", FALSE),
@@ -668,6 +700,7 @@ as.sir.disk <- function(x,
    guideline = guideline,
    uti = uti,
    capped_mic_handling = "standard", # will be ignored for non-MIC anyway
+    as_wt_nwt = as_wt_nwt,
    add_intrinsic_resistance = add_intrinsic_resistance,
    reference_data = reference_data,
    substitute_missing_r_breakpoint = substitute_missing_r_breakpoint,
@@ -692,6 +725,7 @@ as.sir.data.frame <- function(x,
                              guideline = getOption("AMR_guideline", "EUCAST"),
                              uti = NULL,
                              capped_mic_handling = getOption("AMR_capped_mic_handling", "standard"),
+                              as_wt_nwt = identical(breakpoint_type, "ECOFF"),
                              add_intrinsic_resistance = FALSE,
                              reference_data = AMR::clinical_breakpoints,
                              substitute_missing_r_breakpoint = getOption("AMR_substitute_missing_r_breakpoint", FALSE),
@@ -709,7 +743,8 @@ as.sir.data.frame <- function(x,
  meet_criteria(col_mo, allow_class = "character", is_in = colnames(x), allow_NULL = TRUE)
  meet_criteria(guideline, allow_class = "character")
  meet_criteria(uti, allow_class = c("logical", "character"), allow_NULL = TRUE, allow_NA = TRUE)
-  meet_criteria(capped_mic_handling, allow_class = "character", has_length = 1, is_in = c("standard", "conservative", "none", "inverse"))
+  meet_criteria(capped_mic_handling, allow_class = "character", has_length = 1, is_in = c("none", "conservative", "standard", "lenient"))
+  meet_criteria(as_wt_nwt, allow_class = "logical", has_length = 1)
  meet_criteria(add_intrinsic_resistance, allow_class = "logical", has_length = 1)
  meet_criteria(reference_data, allow_class = "data.frame")
  meet_criteria(substitute_missing_r_breakpoint, allow_class = "logical", has_length = 1)
@@ -722,8 +757,17 @@ as.sir.data.frame <- function(x,
  meet_criteria(info, allow_class = "logical", has_length = 1)
  meet_criteria(parallel, allow_class = "logical", has_length = 1)
  meet_criteria(max_cores, allow_class = c("numeric", "integer"), has_length = 1)
-
  x.bak <- x
+
+  if (tryCatch(length(list(...)) > 0, error = function(e) TRUE)) {
+    sel <- colnames(pm_select(x, ...))
+  } else {
+    sel <- colnames(x)
+  }
+  if (!is.null(col_mo)) {
+    sel <- sel[sel != col_mo]
+  }
+
  for (i in seq_len(ncol(x))) {
    # don't keep factors, overwriting them is hard
    if (is.factor(x[, i, drop = TRUE])) {
@@ -739,10 +783,10 @@ as.sir.data.frame <- function(x,

  # -- host
  if (missing(breakpoint_type) && any(host %in% clinical_breakpoints$host[!clinical_breakpoints$host %in% c("human", "ECOFF")], na.rm = TRUE)) {
-    if (isTRUE(info)) message_("Assuming `breakpoint_type = \"animal\"` since `host` contains animal species.")
+    if (isTRUE(info)) message_("Assuming {.code breakpoint_type = \"animal\"} since {.arg host} contains animal species.")
    breakpoint_type <- "animal"
  } else if (any(!suppressMessages(convert_host(host, lang = language)) %in% c("human", "ECOFF"), na.rm = TRUE)) {
-    if (isTRUE(info)) message_("Assuming `breakpoint_type = \"animal\"`.")
+    if (isTRUE(info)) message_("Assuming {.code breakpoint_type = \"animal\"}.")
    breakpoint_type <- "animal"
  }
  if (breakpoint_type == "animal") {
@@ -781,8 +825,8 @@ as.sir.data.frame <- function(x,
    col_specimen <- suppressMessages(search_type_in_df(x = x, type = "specimen", info = info))
    if (!is.null(col_specimen)) {
      uti <- x[, col_specimen, drop = TRUE] %like% "urin"
-      values <- sort(unique(x[uti, col_specimen, drop = TRUE]))
-      if (length(values) > 1) {
+      col_values <- sort(unique(x[uti, col_specimen, drop = TRUE]))
+      if (length(col_values) > 1) {
        plural <- c("s", "", "")
      } else {
        plural <- c("", "s", "a ")
@@ -790,7 +834,7 @@ as.sir.data.frame <- function(x,
      if (isTRUE(info)) {
        message_(
          "Assuming value", plural[1], " ",
-          vector_and(values, quotes = TRUE),
+          vector_and(col_values, quotes = TRUE),
          " in column '", font_bold(col_specimen),
          "' reflect", plural[2], " ", plural[3], "urinary tract infection", plural[1],
          ".\n  Use `as.sir(uti = FALSE)` to prevent this."
@@ -803,15 +847,6 @@ as.sir.data.frame <- function(x,
  }

  i <- 0
-  if (tryCatch(length(list(...)) > 0, error = function(e) TRUE)) {
-    sel <- colnames(pm_select(x, ...))
-  } else {
-    sel <- colnames(x)
-  }
-  if (!is.null(col_mo)) {
-    sel <- sel[sel != col_mo]
-  }
-
  ab_cols <- colnames(x)[vapply(FUN.VALUE = logical(1), x, function(y) {
    i <<- i + 1
    check <- is.mic(y) | is.disk(y)
@@ -848,7 +883,7 @@ as.sir.data.frame <- function(x,
  types[types == "" & !vapply(FUN.VALUE = logical(1), x.bak[, ab_cols, drop = FALSE], is.sir)] <- "sir"
  if (any(types %in% c("mic", "disk"), na.rm = TRUE)) {
    # now we need an mo column
-    stop_if(is.null(col_mo), "`col_mo` must be set")
+    stop_if(is.null(col_mo), "{.arg col_mo} must be set")
    # if not null, we already found it, now find again so a message will show
    if (is.null(col_mo.bak)) {
      col_mo <- search_type_in_df(x = x, type = "mo", info = info)
@@ -863,7 +898,7 @@ as.sir.data.frame <- function(x,
    cl <- tryCatch(parallel::makeCluster(n_cores, type = "PSOCK"),
      error = function(e) {
        if (isTRUE(info)) {
-          message_("Could not create parallel cluster, using single-core computation. Error message: ", e$message, add_fn = font_red)
+          message_("Could not create parallel cluster, using single-core computation. Error message: ", conditionMessage(e))
        }
        return(NULL)
      }
@@ -889,6 +924,7 @@ as.sir.data.frame <- function(x,
          guideline = guideline,
          uti = uti,
          capped_mic_handling = capped_mic_handling,
+          as_wt_nwt = as_wt_nwt,
          add_intrinsic_resistance = add_intrinsic_resistance,
          reference_data = reference_data,
          substitute_missing_r_breakpoint = substitute_missing_r_breakpoint,
@@ -916,6 +952,7 @@ as.sir.data.frame <- function(x,
          ab = ab_col,
          guideline = guideline,
          uti = uti,
+          as_wt_nwt = as_wt_nwt,
          add_intrinsic_resistance = add_intrinsic_resistance,
          reference_data = reference_data,
          substitute_missing_r_breakpoint = substitute_missing_r_breakpoint,
@@ -978,7 +1015,7 @@ as.sir.data.frame <- function(x,
      on.exit(parallel::stopCluster(cl), add = TRUE)
      parallel::clusterExport(cl, varlist = c(
        "x", "x.bak", "x_mo", "ab_cols", "types",
-        "capped_mic_handling", "add_intrinsic_resistance",
+        "capped_mic_handling", "as_wt_nwt", "add_intrinsic_resistance",
        "reference_data", "substitute_missing_r_breakpoint", "include_screening", "include_PKPD",
        "breakpoint_type", "guideline", "host", "uti", "info", "verbose",
        "col_mo", "AMR_env", "conserve_capped_values",
@@ -992,14 +1029,14 @@ as.sir.data.frame <- function(x,
    if (isTRUE(info)) {
      message_(font_green_bg(" DONE "), as_note = FALSE)
      message()
-      message_("Run `sir_interpretation_history()` to retrieve a logbook with all details of the breakpoint interpretations.", add_fn = font_green)
+      message_("Run {.help [{.fun sir_interpretation_history}](AMR::sir_interpretation_history)} to retrieve a logbook with all details of the breakpoint interpretations.")
    }
  } else {
    # sequential mode (non-parallel)
    if (isTRUE(info) && n_cores > 1 && NROW(x) * NCOL(x) > 10000) {
      # give a note that parallel mode might be better
      message()
-      message_("Running in sequential mode. Consider setting `parallel = TRUE` to speed up processing on multiple cores.\n", add_fn = font_red)
+      message_("Running in sequential mode. Consider setting {.arg parallel} to {.code TRUE} to speed up processing on multiple cores.\n")
    }
    # this will contain a progress bar already
    result_list <- lapply(seq_along(ab_cols), run_as_sir_column)
@@ -1091,6 +1128,7 @@ as_sir_method <- function(method_short,
                          guideline,
                          uti,
                          capped_mic_handling,
+                          as_wt_nwt,
                          add_intrinsic_resistance,
                          reference_data,
                          substitute_missing_r_breakpoint,
@@ -1112,7 +1150,8 @@ as_sir_method <- function(method_short,
  meet_criteria(ab, allow_class = c("ab", "character"), has_length = c(1, length(x)), .call_depth = -2)
  meet_criteria(guideline, allow_class = "character", has_length = c(1, length(x)), .call_depth = -2)
  meet_criteria(uti, allow_class = c("logical", "character"), has_length = c(1, length(x)), allow_NULL = TRUE, allow_NA = TRUE, .call_depth = -2)
-  meet_criteria(capped_mic_handling, allow_class = "character", has_length = 1, is_in = c("standard", "conservative", "none", "inverse"), .call_depth = -2)
+  meet_criteria(capped_mic_handling, allow_class = "character", has_length = 1, is_in = c("none", "conservative", "standard", "lenient"), .call_depth = -2)
+  meet_criteria(as_wt_nwt, allow_class = "logical", has_length = 1, .call_depth = -2)
  meet_criteria(add_intrinsic_resistance, allow_class = "logical", has_length = 1, .call_depth = -2)
  meet_criteria(reference_data, allow_class = "data.frame", .call_depth = -2)
  meet_criteria(substitute_missing_r_breakpoint, allow_class = "logical", has_length = 1, .call_depth = -2)
@@ -1129,14 +1168,13 @@ as_sir_method <- function(method_short,
  dots <- list(...)
  dots <- dots[which(!names(dots) %in% c("warn", "mo.bak", "is_data.frame"))]
  if (length(dots) != 0) {
-    warning_("These arguments in `as.sir()` are no longer used: ", vector_and(names(dots), quotes = "`"), ".", call = FALSE)
+    warning_("These arguments in {.help [{.fun as.sir}](AMR::as.sir)} are no longer used: ", vector_and(names(dots), quotes = "`"), ".", call = FALSE)
  }

  current_sir_interpretation_history <- NROW(AMR_env$sir_interpretation_history)

  if (isTRUE(info) && message_not_thrown_before("as.sir", "sir_interpretation_history")) {
-    message()
-    message_("Run `sir_interpretation_history()` afterwards to retrieve a logbook with all details of the breakpoint interpretations.\n\n", add_fn = font_green)
+    message_("Run {.help [{.fun sir_interpretation_history}](AMR::sir_interpretation_history)} afterwards to retrieve a logbook with all details of the breakpoint interpretations.\n\n")
  }

  current_df <- tryCatch(get_current_data(NA, 0), error = function(e) NULL)
@@ -1152,13 +1190,13 @@ as_sir_method <- function(method_short,
    if (is.null(host)) {
      host <- "dogs"
      if (isTRUE(info) && message_not_thrown_before("as.sir", "host_missing")) {
-        message_("Animal hosts not set in `host`, assuming `host = \"dogs\"`, since these have the highest breakpoint availability.\n\n")
+        message_("Animal hosts not set in {.arg host}, assuming {.code host = \"dogs\"}, since these have the highest breakpoint availability.\n\n")
      }
    }
  } else {
    if (!is.null(host) && !all(toupper(as.character(host)) %in% c("HUMAN", "ECOFF"))) {
      if (isTRUE(info) && message_not_thrown_before("as.sir", "assumed_breakpoint_animal")) {
-        message_("Assuming `breakpoint_type = \"animal\"`, since `host` is set.", ifelse(guideline_coerced %like% "EUCAST", " Do you also need to set `guideline = \"CLSI\"`?", ""), "\n\n")
+        message_("Assuming {.code breakpoint_type = \"animal\"}, since {.arg host} is set.", ifelse(guideline_coerced %like% "EUCAST", " Do you also need to set {.code guideline = \"CLSI\"}?", ""), "\n\n")
      }
      breakpoint_type <- "animal"
    } else {
@@ -1238,9 +1276,9 @@ as_sir_method <- function(method_short,
    mo_var_found <- ""
  }
  if (is.null(mo)) {
-    stop_("No information was supplied about the microorganisms (missing argument `mo` and no column of class 'mo' found). See ?as.sir.\n\n",
-      "To transform certain columns with e.g. mutate(), use `data %>% mutate(across(..., as.sir, mo = x))`, where x is your column with microorganisms.\n",
-      "To transform all ", method_long, " in a data set, use `data %>% as.sir()` or `data %>% mutate_if(is.", method_short, ", as.sir)`.",
+    stop_("No information was supplied about the microorganisms (missing argument {.arg mo} and no column of class 'mo' found). See {.help [{.fun as.sir}](AMR::as.sir)}.\n\n",
+      "To transform certain columns with e.g. mutate(), use ", highlight_code("data %>% mutate(across(..., as.sir, mo = x))"), ", where x is your column with microorganisms.\n",
+      "To transform all ", method_long, " in a data set, use ", highlight_code("data %>% as.sir()"), " or ", highlight_code(paste0("data %>% mutate_if(is.", method_short, ", as.sir)")), ".",
      call = FALSE
    )
  }
@@ -1274,7 +1312,7 @@ as_sir_method <- function(method_short,


  if (length(ab) == 1 && ab %like% paste0("as.", method_short)) {
-    stop_("No unambiguous name was supplied about the antibiotic (argument `ab`). See ?as.sir.", call = FALSE)
+    stop_("No unambiguous name was supplied about the antibiotic (argument {.arg ab}). See {.help [{.fun as.sir}](AMR::as.sir)}.", call = FALSE)
  }

  ab.bak <- trimws2(ab)
@@ -1290,8 +1328,7 @@ as_sir_method <- function(method_short,
  if (all(is.na(ab))) {
    if (isTRUE(info)) {
      message_("Returning NAs for unknown antibiotic: ", vector_and(ab.bak, sort = FALSE, quotes = TRUE),
-        ". Rename this column to a valid name or code, and check the output with `as.ab()`.",
-        add_fn = font_red,
+        ". Rename this column to a valid name or code, and check the output with {.help [{.fun as.ab}](AMR::as.ab)}.",
        as_note = FALSE
      )
    }
@@ -1315,9 +1352,7 @@ as_sir_method <- function(method_short,
  }
  if (isTRUE(add_intrinsic_resistance) && guideline_coerced %unlike% "EUCAST") {
    if (isTRUE(info) && message_not_thrown_before("as.sir", "intrinsic")) {
-      message_("in `as.sir()`: using 'add_intrinsic_resistance' is only useful when using EUCAST guidelines, since the rules for intrinsic resistance are based on EUCAST.",
-        add_fn = font_red
-      )
+      message_("in {.help [{.fun as.sir}](AMR::as.sir)}: using {.arg add_intrinsic_resistance} is only useful when using EUCAST guidelines, since the rules for intrinsic resistance are based on EUCAST.")
    }
  }

@@ -1374,8 +1409,8 @@ as_sir_method <- function(method_short,

  # create the unique data frame to be filled to save time
  df <- data.frame(
-    values = x,
-    values_bak = x,
+    input_clean = x,
+    input_original = x,
    guideline = guideline_coerced,
    mo = mo,
    ab = ab,
@@ -1389,7 +1424,7 @@ as_sir_method <- function(method_short,
      # CLSI in log 2 ----
      # CLSI says: if MIC is not a log2 value it must be rounded up to the nearest log2 value
      log2_levels <- as.double(VALID_MIC_LEVELS[which(VALID_MIC_LEVELS %in% 2^c(-20:20))])
-      test_values <- df$values
+      test_values <- df$input_clean
      test_values_dbl <- as.double(test_values)
      test_values_dbl[test_values %like% "^>[0-9]"] <- test_values_dbl[test_values %like% "^>[0-9]"] + 0.0000001
      test_values_dbl[test_values %like% "^<[0-9]"] <- test_values_dbl[test_values %like% "^<[0-9]"] - 0.0000001
@@ -1400,8 +1435,7 @@ as_sir_method <- function(method_short,
          if (is.na(mic_val)) {
            return(NA_real_)
          } else {
-            # find the smallest log2 level that is >= mic_val
-            log2_val <- log2_levels[which(log2_levels >= as.double(mic_val))][1]
+            log2_val <- COMMON_MIC_VALUES[which(COMMON_MIC_VALUES >= as.double(mic_val))][1]
            if (!is.na(log2_val) && as.double(mic_val) != log2_val) {
              if (message_not_thrown_before("as.sir", "CLSI", "MICupscaling")) {
                warning_("Some MICs were converted to the nearest higher log2 level, following the CLSI interpretation guideline.")
@@ -1413,12 +1447,12 @@ as_sir_method <- function(method_short,
          }
        }
      )
-      df$values[which(df$guideline %like% "CLSI" & test_values != test_outcome)] <- test_outcome[which(df$guideline %like% "CLSI" & test_values != test_outcome)]
+      df$input_clean[which(df$guideline %like% "CLSI" & test_values != test_outcome)] <- test_outcome[which(df$guideline %like% "CLSI" & test_values != test_outcome)]
    }
-    df$values <- as.mic(df$values)
+    df$input_clean <- as.mic(df$input_clean)
  } else if (method == "disk") {
    # when as.sir.disk is called directly
-    df$values <- as.disk(df$values)
+    df$input_clean <- as.disk(df$input_clean)
  }

  df_unique <- unique(df[, c("guideline", "mo", "ab", "uti", "host"), drop = FALSE])
@@ -1496,8 +1530,8 @@ as_sir_method <- function(method_short,
      # this can happen if a host is unavailable, just continue with the next one, since a note about hosts having NA are already given at this point
      next
    }
-    values <- df[rows, "values", drop = TRUE]
-    values_bak <- df[rows, "values_bak", drop = TRUE]
+    input_clean <- df[rows, "input_clean", drop = TRUE]
+    input_original <- df[rows, "input_original", drop = TRUE]
    notes_current <- rep("", length(rows))
    new_sir <- rep(NA_sir_, length(rows))

@@ -1553,7 +1587,7 @@ as_sir_method <- function(method_short,
      ))

    if (breakpoint_type == "animal") {
-      # 2025-03-13 for now, only strictly follow guideline for current host, no extrapolation
+      # 2025-03-13/ for now, only strictly follow guideline for current host, no extrapolation
      breakpoints_current <- breakpoints_current[which(breakpoints_current$host == host_current), , drop = FALSE]
    }

@@ -1632,11 +1666,11 @@ as_sir_method <- function(method_short,
        ab_given = vectorise_log_entry(ab.bak[match(ab_current, df$ab)][1], length(rows)),
        mo_given = vectorise_log_entry(mo.bak[match(mo_current, df$mo)][1], length(rows)),
        host_given = vectorise_log_entry(host.bak[match(host_current, df$host)][1], length(rows)),
-        input_given = vectorise_log_entry(as.character(values_bak), length(rows)),
+        input_given = vectorise_log_entry(as.character(input_original), length(rows)),
        ab = vectorise_log_entry(ab_current, length(rows)),
        mo = vectorise_log_entry(mo_current, length(rows)),
        host = vectorise_log_entry(host_current, length(rows)),
-        input = vectorise_log_entry(as.character(values), length(rows)),
+        input = vectorise_log_entry(as.character(input_clean), length(rows)),
        outcome = vectorise_log_entry(NA_sir_, length(rows)),
        notes = vectorise_log_entry("No breakpoint available", length(rows)),
        guideline = vectorise_log_entry(guideline_current, length(rows)),
@@ -1651,26 +1685,23 @@ as_sir_method <- function(method_short,
      next
    }

-    # sort on host and taxonomic rank
-    # (this will e.g. prefer 'species' breakpoints over 'order' breakpoints)
-    if (is.na(uti_current)) {
-      breakpoints_current <- breakpoints_current %pm>%
-        #  `uti` is a column in the data set
-        # this will put UTI = FALSE first, then UTI = NA, then UTI = TRUE
-        pm_mutate(uti_index = ifelse(!is.na(uti) & uti == FALSE, 1,
-          ifelse(is.na(uti), 2,
-            3
-          )
-        )) %pm>%
-        # be as specific as possible (i.e. prefer species over genus):
-        pm_arrange(rank_index, uti_index)
-    } else if (uti_current == TRUE) {
-      breakpoints_current <- breakpoints_current %pm>%
-        subset(uti == TRUE) %pm>%
-        # be as specific as possible (i.e. prefer species over genus):
-        pm_arrange(rank_index)
+    # if the user explicitly set uti, keep only those rows
+    if (!is.na(uti_current)) {
+      breakpoints_current <- breakpoints_current[breakpoints_current$uti == uti_current, , drop = FALSE]
    }

+    # build a helper factor so FALSE < NA < TRUE
+    uti_index <- factor(
+      ifelse(is.na(breakpoints_current$uti), "NA",
+        as.character(breakpoints_current$uti)
+      ),
+      levels = c("FALSE", "NA", "TRUE")
+    )
+
+    # sort on host and taxonomic rank first, then by UTI
+    # (this will e.g. prefer 'species' breakpoints over 'order' breakpoints)
+    breakpoints_current <- breakpoints_current[order(breakpoints_current$rank_index, uti_index), , drop = FALSE]
+
    # throw messages for different body sites
    site <- breakpoints_current[1L, "site", drop = FALSE] # this is the one we'll take
    if (is.na(site)) {
@@ -1682,7 +1713,7 @@ as_sir_method <- function(method_short,
      # only UTI breakpoints available
      notes_current <- paste0(
        notes_current, "\n",
-        paste0("Breakpoints for ", font_bold(ab_formatted), " in ", mo_formatted, " are only available for (uncomplicated) urinary tract infections (UTI); assuming `uti = TRUE`.")
+        paste0("Breakpoints for ", font_bold(ab_formatted), " in ", mo_formatted, " are only available for (uncomplicated) urinary tract infections (UTI) - assuming `uti = TRUE`.")
      )
    } else if (nrow(breakpoints_current) > 1 && length(unique(breakpoints_current$site)) > 1 && any(is.na(uti_current)) && all(c(TRUE, FALSE) %in% breakpoints_current$uti, na.rm = TRUE) && message_not_thrown_before("as.sir", "siteUTI", mo_current, ab_current)) {
      # both UTI and Non-UTI breakpoints available
@@ -1690,7 +1721,7 @@ as_sir_method <- function(method_short,
        pm_filter(uti == FALSE)
      notes_current <- paste0(
        notes_current, "\n",
-        paste0("Breakpoints for UTI ", font_bold("and"), " non-UTI available for ", ab_formatted, " in ", mo_formatted, " - assuming ", site, ". Use argument `uti` to set which isolates are from urine. See `?as.sir`.")
+        paste0("Breakpoints for UTI ", font_bold("and"), " non-UTI available for ", ab_formatted, " in ", mo_formatted, " - assuming ", site, ". Use argument `uti` to set which isolates are from urine. See {.help [{.fun as.sir}](AMR::as.sir)}.")
      )
    } else if (nrow(breakpoints_current) > 1 && length(unique(breakpoints_current$site)) > 1 && all(breakpoints_current$uti == FALSE, na.rm = TRUE) && message_not_thrown_before("as.sir", "siteOther", mo_current, ab_current)) {
      # breakpoints for multiple body sites available
@@ -1705,7 +1736,7 @@ as_sir_method <- function(method_short,
      new_sir <- rep(as.sir("R"), length(rows))
      notes_current <- paste0(
        notes_current, "\n",
-        paste0("Intrinsic resistance applied for ", ab_formatted, " in ", mo_formatted, "")
+        paste0("Intrinsic resistance applied for ", ab_formatted, " in ", mo_formatted, ".")
      )
    } else if (nrow(breakpoints_current) == 0) {
      # no rules available
@@ -1713,51 +1744,78 @@ as_sir_method <- function(method_short,
    } else {
      # then run the rules
      breakpoints_current <- breakpoints_current[1L, , drop = FALSE]
+      if (breakpoints_current$rank_index > 3) {
+        # we resort to a high-level taxonomic record since there are no breakpoint on genus (rank_index = 3) or lower, so note this
+        notes_current <- paste0(
+          "No genus- or species-level breakpoint available - applying higher taxonomic level instead.\n",
+          notes_current
+        )
+      }

      notes_current <- paste0(
        notes_current, "\n",
        ifelse(breakpoints_current$mo == "UNKNOWN" | breakpoints_current$ref_tbl %like% "PK.*PD",
-          "Some PK/PD breakpoints were applied - use `include_PKPD = FALSE` to prevent this",
+          "Some PK/PD breakpoints were applied - use `include_PKPD = FALSE` to prevent this.",
          ""
        ),
        "\n",
        ifelse(breakpoints_current$site %like% "screen" | breakpoints_current$ref_tbl %like% "screen",
-          "Some screening breakpoints were applied - use `include_screening = FALSE` to prevent this",
+          "Some screening breakpoints were applied - use `include_screening = FALSE` to prevent this.",
          ""
        ),
        "\n",
-        ifelse(method == "mic" & capped_mic_handling %in% c("conservative", "inverse") & as.character(values_bak) %like% "^[<][0-9]",
-          paste0("MIC values with the operator '<' are all considered 'S' since capped_mic_handling = \"", capped_mic_handling, "\""),
+        ifelse(method == "mic" & capped_mic_handling == "none" & as.character(input_original) %like% "^[<>][0-9]" &
+          ((as.character(input_original) %like% "^<" & as.double(input_clean) > breakpoints_current$breakpoint_S) |
+            (as.character(input_original) %like% "^>" & as.double(input_clean) < breakpoints_current$breakpoint_R)),
+        paste0("Operators such as '<' and '>' were ignored since capped_mic_handling = \"", capped_mic_handling, "\"."),
+        ""
+        ),
+        "\n",
+        ifelse(method == "mic" & capped_mic_handling == "standard" & as.character(input_original) %like% "^[<][0-9]",
+          paste0("MIC values with the operator '<' are considered 'S' since capped_mic_handling = \"", capped_mic_handling, "\"."),
          ""
        ),
        "\n",
-        ifelse(method == "mic" & capped_mic_handling %in% c("conservative", "inverse") & as.character(values_bak) %like% "^[>][0-9]",
-          paste0("MIC values with the operator '>' are all considered 'R' since capped_mic_handling = \"", capped_mic_handling, "\""),
+        ifelse(method == "mic" & capped_mic_handling == "standard" & as.character(input_original) %like% "^[>][0-9]",
+          paste0("MIC values with the operator '>' are considered 'R' since capped_mic_handling = \"", capped_mic_handling, "\"."),
          ""
        ),
        "\n",
-        ifelse(method == "mic" & capped_mic_handling %in% c("conservative", "standard") & as.character(values_bak) %like% "^[><]=[0-9]" & as.double(values) > breakpoints_current$breakpoint_S & as.double(values) < breakpoints_current$breakpoint_R,
-          paste0("MIC values within the breakpoint guideline range with the operator '<=' or '>=' are considered 'NI' (non-interpretable) since capped_mic_handling = \"", capped_mic_handling, "\""),
+        ifelse(method == "mic" & capped_mic_handling == "lenient" & as.character(input_original) %like% "^[<]=?[0-9]",
+          paste0("MIC values with the operator '<' or '<=' are considered 'S' since capped_mic_handling = \"", capped_mic_handling, "\"."),
          ""
        ),
        "\n",
-        ifelse(method == "mic" & capped_mic_handling %in% c("conservative", "standard") & as.character(values_bak) %like% "^<=[0-9]" & as.double(values) == breakpoints_current$breakpoint_R,
-          paste0("MIC values at the R breakpoint with the operator '<=' are considered 'NI' (non-interpretable) since capped_mic_handling = \"", capped_mic_handling, "\""),
+        ifelse(method == "mic" & capped_mic_handling == "lenient" & as.character(input_original) %like% "^[>]=?[0-9]",
+          paste0("MIC values with the operator '>' or '>=' are considered 'R' since capped_mic_handling = \"", capped_mic_handling, "\"."),
          ""
        ),
        "\n",
-        ifelse(method == "mic" & capped_mic_handling %in% c("conservative", "standard") & as.character(values_bak) %like% "^>=[0-9]" & as.double(values) == breakpoints_current$breakpoint_S,
-          paste0("MIC values at the S breakpoint with the operator '>=' are considered 'NI' (non-interpretable) since capped_mic_handling = \"", capped_mic_handling, "\""),
+        ifelse(method == "mic" & capped_mic_handling == "conservative" & as.character(input_original) %like% "^[<>][0-9]" &
+          ((as.character(input_original) %like% "^<" & as.double(input_clean) > breakpoints_current$breakpoint_S) |
+            (as.character(input_original) %like% "^>" & as.double(input_clean) < breakpoints_current$breakpoint_R)),
+        paste0("MIC values are considered 'NI' (non-interpretable) if the true MIC could be at either side of the breakpoint and capped_mic_handling = \"", capped_mic_handling, "\"."),
+        ""
+        ),
+        "\n",
+        ifelse(method == "mic" & capped_mic_handling %in% c("conservative", "standard") & as.character(input_original) %like% "^<=[0-9]" & as.double(input_clean) > breakpoints_current$breakpoint_S,
+          paste0("MIC values are considered 'NI' (non-interpretable) if the true MIC could be at either side of the breakpoint and capped_mic_handling = \"", capped_mic_handling, "\"."),
+          ""
+        ),
+        "\n",
+        ifelse(method == "mic" & capped_mic_handling %in% c("conservative", "standard") & as.character(input_original) %like% "^>=[0-9]" & as.double(input_clean) <= breakpoints_current$breakpoint_R,
+          paste0("MIC values are considered 'NI' (non-interpretable) if the true MIC could be at either side of the breakpoint and capped_mic_handling = \"", capped_mic_handling, "\"."),
          ""
        )
      )
+
      if (isTRUE(substitute_missing_r_breakpoint) && !is.na(breakpoints_current$breakpoint_S) && is.na(breakpoints_current$breakpoint_R)) {
        # breakpoints_current only has 1 row at this moment
        breakpoints_current$breakpoint_R <- breakpoints_current$breakpoint_S
        notes_current <- paste0(
          notes_current, "\n",
          ifelse(!is.na(breakpoints_current$breakpoint_S) & is.na(breakpoints_current$breakpoint_R),
-            "NAs because of missing R breakpoints were substituted with R since substitute_missing_r_breakpoint = TRUE",
+            "NAs because of missing R breakpoints were substituted with R since substitute_missing_r_breakpoint = TRUE.",
            ""
          )
        )
@@ -1766,27 +1824,62 @@ as_sir_method <- function(method_short,
      ## actual interpretation ----
      if (method == "mic") {
        new_sir <- case_when_AMR(
-          is.na(values) ~ NA_sir_,
-          capped_mic_handling %in% c("conservative", "inverse") & as.character(values_bak) %like% "^[<][0-9]" ~ as.sir("S"),
-          capped_mic_handling %in% c("conservative", "inverse") & as.character(values_bak) %like% "^[>][0-9]" ~ as.sir("R"),
-          capped_mic_handling %in% c("conservative", "standard") & as.character(values_bak) %like% "^[><]=[0-9]" & as.double(values) > breakpoints_current$breakpoint_S & as.double(values) < breakpoints_current$breakpoint_R ~ as.sir("NI"),
-          capped_mic_handling %in% c("conservative", "standard") & as.character(values_bak) %like% "^<=[0-9]" & as.double(values) == breakpoints_current$breakpoint_R ~ as.sir("NI"),
-          capped_mic_handling %in% c("conservative", "standard") & as.character(values_bak) %like% "^>=[0-9]" & as.double(values) == breakpoints_current$breakpoint_S ~ as.sir("NI"),
-          values <= breakpoints_current$breakpoint_S ~ as.sir("S"),
-          guideline_current %like% "EUCAST" & values > breakpoints_current$breakpoint_R ~ as.sir("R"),
-          guideline_current %like% "CLSI" & values >= breakpoints_current$breakpoint_R ~ as.sir("R"),
+          is.na(input_clean) ~ NA_sir_,
+
+          # "lenient" for any cap: force S/R
+          capped_mic_handling == "lenient" &
+            as.character(input_original) %like% "^[<]=?[0-9]"
+          ~ as.sir("S"),
+          capped_mic_handling == "lenient" &
+            as.character(input_original) %like% "^[>]=?[0-9]"
+          ~ as.sir("R"),
+
+          # "standard" for < and >: force S/R
+          capped_mic_handling == "standard" &
+            as.character(input_original) %like% "^[<][0-9]"
+          ~ as.sir("S"),
+          capped_mic_handling == "standard" &
+            as.character(input_original) %like% "^[>][0-9]"
+          ~ as.sir("R"),
+
+          # "conservative" for < and >: NI if the true MIC could be on either side of a breakpoint
+          capped_mic_handling == "conservative" &
+            as.character(input_original) %like% "^[<][0-9]" &
+            as.double(input_clean) > breakpoints_current$breakpoint_S
+          ~ as.sir("NI"),
+          capped_mic_handling == "conservative" &
+            as.character(input_original) %like% "^[>][0-9]" &
+            as.double(input_clean) < breakpoints_current$breakpoint_R
+          ~ as.sir("NI"),
+
+          # both "conservative" and standard": only NI for <= and >= when the true MIC could be at either side of a breakpoint
+          capped_mic_handling %in% c("conservative", "standard") &
+            as.character(input_original) %like% "^<=[0-9]" &
+            as.double(input_clean) > breakpoints_current$breakpoint_S
+          ~ as.sir("NI"),
+          capped_mic_handling %in% c("conservative", "standard") &
+            as.character(input_original) %like% "^>=[0-9]" &
+            as.double(input_clean) <= breakpoints_current$breakpoint_R
+          ~ as.sir("NI"),
+
+          # otherwise: the normal (uncapped or ignored) interpretation
+          input_clean <= breakpoints_current$breakpoint_S ~ as.sir("S"),
+          guideline_current %like% "EUCAST" & input_clean > breakpoints_current$breakpoint_R ~ as.sir("R"),
+          guideline_current %like% "CLSI" & input_clean >= breakpoints_current$breakpoint_R ~ as.sir("R"),
+
          # return "I" or "SDD" when breakpoints are in the middle
          !is.na(breakpoints_current$breakpoint_S) & !is.na(breakpoints_current$breakpoint_R) & breakpoints_current$is_SDD == TRUE ~ as.sir("SDD"),
          !is.na(breakpoints_current$breakpoint_S) & !is.na(breakpoints_current$breakpoint_R) & breakpoints_current$is_SDD == FALSE ~ as.sir("I"),
+
          # and NA otherwise
          TRUE ~ NA_sir_
        )
      } else if (method == "disk") {
        new_sir <- case_when_AMR(
-          is.na(values) ~ NA_sir_,
-          as.double(values) >= as.double(breakpoints_current$breakpoint_S) ~ as.sir("S"),
-          guideline_current %like% "EUCAST" & as.double(values) < as.double(breakpoints_current$breakpoint_R) ~ as.sir("R"),
-          guideline_current %like% "CLSI" & as.double(values) <= as.double(breakpoints_current$breakpoint_R) ~ as.sir("R"),
+          is.na(input_clean) ~ NA_sir_,
+          as.double(input_clean) >= as.double(breakpoints_current$breakpoint_S) ~ as.sir("S"),
+          guideline_current %like% "EUCAST" & as.double(input_clean) < as.double(breakpoints_current$breakpoint_R) ~ as.sir("R"),
+          guideline_current %like% "CLSI" & as.double(input_clean) <= as.double(breakpoints_current$breakpoint_R) ~ as.sir("R"),
          # return "I" or "SDD" when breakpoints are in the middle
          !is.na(breakpoints_current$breakpoint_S) & !is.na(breakpoints_current$breakpoint_R) & breakpoints_current$is_SDD == TRUE ~ as.sir("SDD"),
          !is.na(breakpoints_current$breakpoint_S) & !is.na(breakpoints_current$breakpoint_R) & breakpoints_current$is_SDD == FALSE ~ as.sir("I"),
@@ -1795,8 +1888,14 @@ as_sir_method <- function(method_short,
        )
      }

+      # rewrite S/R to WT/NWT if needed
+      if (isTRUE(as_wt_nwt)) {
+        new_sir[new_sir == "S"] <- "WT"
+        new_sir[new_sir == "R"] <- "NWT"
+      }
+
      # write to verbose output
-      notes_current <- trimws2(notes_current)
+      notes_current <- gsub("\n\n", "\n", trimws2(notes_current), fixed = TRUE)
      notes_current[notes_current == ""] <- NA_character_
      out <- data.frame(
        # recycling 1 to 2 rows does not always seem to work, which is why vectorise_log_entry() was added
@@ -1806,11 +1905,11 @@ as_sir_method <- function(method_short,
        ab_given = vectorise_log_entry(ab.bak[match(ab_current, df$ab)][1], length(rows)),
        mo_given = vectorise_log_entry(mo.bak[match(mo_current, df$mo)][1], length(rows)),
        host_given = vectorise_log_entry(host.bak[match(host_current, df$host)][1], length(rows)),
-        input_given = vectorise_log_entry(as.character(values_bak), length(rows)),
+        input_given = vectorise_log_entry(as.character(input_original), length(rows)),
        ab = vectorise_log_entry(breakpoints_current[, "ab", drop = TRUE], length(rows)),
        mo = vectorise_log_entry(breakpoints_current[, "mo", drop = TRUE], length(rows)),
        host = vectorise_log_entry(breakpoints_current[, "host", drop = TRUE], length(rows)),
-        input = vectorise_log_entry(as.character(values), length(rows)),
+        input = vectorise_log_entry(as.character(input_clean), length(rows)),
        outcome = vectorise_log_entry(as.sir(new_sir), length(rows)),
        notes = font_stripstyle(notes_current), # vectorise_log_entry(paste0(font_stripstyle(notes_current), collapse = "\n"), length(rows)),
        guideline = vectorise_log_entry(guideline_current, length(rows)),
@@ -1845,7 +1944,7 @@ as_sir_method <- function(method_short,
      # if (isTRUE(verbose) || length(notes) == 1 || NROW(AMR_env$sir_interpretation_history) == 0) {
      if (isTRUE(verbose)) {
        for (i in seq_along(notes)) {
-          message(word_wrap("  ", AMR_env$bullet_icon, " ", notes[i], add_fn = font_black))
+          message(word_wrap("  ", AMR_env$bullet_icon, " ", notes[i]))
        }
      } else {
        # message(word_wrap("  ", AMR_env$bullet_icon, " There were multiple notes. Print or View `sir_interpretation_history()` to examine them, or use `as.sir(..., verbose = TRUE)` next time to directly print them here.", add_fn = font_black))
@@ -1889,7 +1988,7 @@ sir_interpretation_history <- function(clean = FALSE) {
 #' @noRd
 print.sir_log <- function(x, ...) {
  if (NROW(x) == 0) {
-    message_("No results to print. First run `as.sir()` on MIC values or disk diffusion zones (or on a `data.frame` containing any of these) to print a 'logbook' data set here.")
+    message_("No results to print. First run {.help [{.fun as.sir}](AMR::as.sir)} on MIC values or disk diffusion zones (or on a {.cls data.frame} containing any of these) to print a 'logbook' data set here.")
    return(invisible(NULL))
  }
  class(x) <- class(x)[class(x) != "sir_log"]
@@ -1904,11 +2003,14 @@ pillar_shaft.sir <- function(x, ...) {
    # colours will anyway not work when has_colour() == FALSE,
    # but then the indentation should also not be applied
    out[is.na(x)] <- font_grey("  NA")
-    out[x == "NI"] <- font_grey_bg(font_black("  NI "))
    out[x == "S"] <- font_green_bg("  S  ")
+    out[x == "SDD"] <- font_green_lighter_bg(" SDD ")
    out[x == "I"] <- font_orange_bg("  I  ")
-    out[x == "SDD"] <- font_orange_bg(" SDD ")
    out[x == "R"] <- font_rose_bg("  R  ")
+    out[x == "NI"] <- font_grey_bg(font_black("  NI "))
+    out[x == "WT"] <- font_green_bg(font_black("  WT "))
+    out[x == "NWT"] <- font_rose_bg(font_black(" NWT "))
+    out[x == "NS"] <- font_rose_bg(font_black("  NS "))
  }
  create_pillar_column(out, align = "left", width = 5)
 }
@@ -1966,33 +2068,18 @@ freq.sir <- function(x, ...) {
 # this prevents the requirement for putting the dependency in Imports:
 #' @rawNamespace if(getRversion() >= "3.0.0") S3method(skimr::get_skimmers, sir)
 get_skimmers.sir <- function(column) {
-  # get the variable name 'skim_variable'
-  name_call <- function(.data) {
-    calls <- sys.calls()
-    frms <- sys.frames()
-    calls_txt <- vapply(calls, function(x) paste(deparse(x), collapse = ""), FUN.VALUE = character(1))
-    if (any(calls_txt %like% "skim_variable", na.rm = TRUE)) {
-      ind <- which(calls_txt %like% "skim_variable")[1L]
-      vars <- tryCatch(eval(parse(text = ".data$skim_variable$sir"), envir = frms[[ind]]),
-        error = function(e) NULL
-      )
-      tryCatch(ab_name(as.character(calls[[length(calls)]][[2]]), language = NULL, info = FALSE),
-        error = function(e) NA_character_
-      )
-    } else {
-      NA_character_
-    }
-  }
-
+  # TODO add here in AMR 3.1.0 details about guideline
  skimr::sfl(
    skim_type = "sir",
-    ab_name = name_call,
-    count_R = count_R,
-    count_S = count_susceptible,
+    # guideline = function(x) "EUCAST 2025", # or "Multiple"
+    # origin = function(x) "MIC", # or "Multiple"
+    count_S = count_S,
    count_I = count_I,
-    prop_R = ~ proportion_R(., minimum = 0),
-    prop_S = ~ susceptibility(., minimum = 0),
-    prop_I = ~ proportion_I(., minimum = 0)
+    count_R = count_R,
+    prop_S = ~ round(proportion_S(., minimum = 0) * 100, 1),
+    prop_I = ~ round(proportion_I(., minimum = 0) * 100, 1),
+    prop_R = ~ round(proportion_R(., minimum = 0) * 100, 1),
+    hist = ~ skimr::inline_hist(as.double(stats::na.omit(.)), 3)
  )
 }

@@ -2020,9 +2107,9 @@ print.sir <- function(x, ...) {
 #' @export
 as.double.sir <- function(x, ...) {
  dbls <- rep(NA_real_, length(x))
-  dbls[x == "S"] <- 1
-  dbls[x %in% c("SDD", "I")] <- 2
-  dbls[x == "R"] <- 3
+  dbls[x %in% c("S", "WT")] <- 1
+  dbls[x %in% c("I", "SDD")] <- 2
+  dbls[x %in% c("R", "NWT", "NS")] <- 3
  dbls
 }

@@ -2140,10 +2227,10 @@ check_reference_data <- function(reference_data, .call_depth) {
    class_sir <- vapply(FUN.VALUE = character(1), AMR::clinical_breakpoints, function(x) paste0("<", class(x), ">", collapse = " and "))
    class_ref <- vapply(FUN.VALUE = character(1), reference_data, function(x) paste0("<", class(x), ">", collapse = " and "))
    if (!all(names(class_sir) == names(class_ref))) {
-      stop_("`reference_data` must have the same column names as the 'clinical_breakpoints' data set.", call = .call_depth)
+      stop_("{.arg reference_data} must have the same column names as the 'clinical_breakpoints' data set.", call = .call_depth)
    }
    if (!all(class_sir == class_ref)) {
-      stop_("`reference_data` must be the same structure as the 'clinical_breakpoints' data set. Column '", names(class_ref[class_sir != class_ref][1]), "' is of class ", class_ref[class_sir != class_ref][1], ", but should be of class ", class_sir[class_sir != class_ref][1], ".", call = .call_depth)
+      stop_("{.arg reference_data} must be the same structure as the 'clinical_breakpoints' data set. Column '", names(class_ref[class_sir != class_ref][1]), "' is of class ", class_ref[class_sir != class_ref][1], ", but should be of class ", class_sir[class_sir != class_ref][1], ".", call = .call_depth)
    }
  }
 }
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ sir_calc <- function(...,
                     as_percent = FALSE,
                     only_all_tested = FALSE,
                     only_count = FALSE) {
-  meet_criteria(ab_result, allow_class = c("character", "numeric", "integer"), has_length = c(1:5))
+  meet_criteria(ab_result, allow_class = c("character", "sir"), has_length = seq_along(VALID_SIR_LEVELS), is_in = VALID_SIR_LEVELS)
  meet_criteria(minimum, allow_class = c("numeric", "integer"), has_length = 1, is_positive_or_zero = TRUE, is_finite = TRUE)
  meet_criteria(as_percent, allow_class = "logical", has_length = 1)
  meet_criteria(only_all_tested, allow_class = "logical", has_length = 1)
@@ -117,6 +117,8 @@ sir_calc <- function(...,
  print_warning <- FALSE

  ab_result <- as.sir(ab_result)
+  denominator_vals <- levels(ab_result)
+  denominator_vals <- denominator_vals[denominator_vals != "NI"]

  if (is.data.frame(x)) {
    sir_integrity_check <- character(0)
@@ -148,7 +150,7 @@ sir_calc <- function(...,
      denominator <- sum(vapply(FUN.VALUE = logical(1), x_transposed, function(y) !(anyNA(y))))
    } else {
      # may contain NAs in any column
-      other_values <- setdiff(c(NA, levels(ab_result)), ab_result)
+      other_values <- setdiff(c(NA, denominator_vals), ab_result)
      if ("SDD" %in% ab_result && "SDD" %in% unlist(x_transposed) && message_not_thrown_before("sir_calc", only_count, ab_result, entire_session = TRUE)) {
        message_("Note that `", ifelse(only_count, "count", "proportion"), "_", ifelse("S" %in% ab_result, "S", ""), "I", ifelse("R" %in% ab_result, "R", ""), "()` will also include dose-dependent susceptibility, 'SDD'. This note will be shown once for this session.", as_note = FALSE)
      }
@@ -165,13 +167,13 @@ sir_calc <- function(...,
      message_("Note that `", ifelse(only_count, "count", "proportion"), "_", ifelse("S" %in% ab_result, "S", ""), "I", ifelse("R" %in% ab_result, "R", ""), "()` will also include dose-dependent susceptibility, 'SDD'. This note will be shown once for this session.", as_note = FALSE)
    }
    numerator <- sum(x %in% ab_result, na.rm = TRUE)
-    denominator <- sum(x %in% levels(ab_result), na.rm = TRUE)
+    denominator <- sum(x %in% denominator_vals, na.rm = TRUE)
  }

  if (print_warning == TRUE) {
    if (message_not_thrown_before("sir_calc")) {
      warning_("Increase speed by transforming to class 'sir' on beforehand:\n",
-        "  your_data %>% mutate_if(is_sir_eligible, as.sir)",
+        highlight_code("  your_data %>% mutate_if(is_sir_eligible, as.sir)"),
        call = FALSE
      )
    }
@@ -244,7 +246,7 @@ sir_calc_df <- function(type, # "proportion", "count" or "both"
  translate_ab <- get_translate_ab(translate_ab)

  data.bak <- data
-  # select only groups and antimicrobials
+  # select only groups and antibiotics
  if (is_null_or_grouped_tbl(data)) {
    data_has_groups <- TRUE
    groups <- get_group_names(data)
@@ -255,15 +257,17 @@ sir_calc_df <- function(type, # "proportion", "count" or "both"
  }

  data <- as.data.frame(data, stringsAsFactors = FALSE)
-  if (isTRUE(combine_SI)) {
-    for (i in seq_len(ncol(data))) {
-      if (is.sir(data[, i, drop = TRUE])) {
-        data[, i] <- as.character(data[, i, drop = TRUE])
-        if ("SDD" %in% data[, i, drop = TRUE] && message_not_thrown_before("sir_calc_df", combine_SI, entire_session = TRUE)) {
-          message_("Note that `sir_calc_df()` will also count dose-dependent susceptibility, 'SDD', as 'SI' when `combine_SI = TRUE`. This note will be shown once for this session.", as_note = FALSE)
-        }
-        data[, i] <- gsub("(I|S|SDD)", "SI", data[, i, drop = TRUE])
+
+  for (i in seq_len(ncol(data))) {
+    # transform SIR columns
+    if (is.sir(data[, i, drop = TRUE])) {
+      data[, i] <- as.character(as.sir(data[, i, drop = TRUE]))
+      data[which(data[, i, drop = TRUE] %in% c("S", "SDD", "WT")), i] <- "S"
+      data[which(data[, i, drop = TRUE] %in% c("R", "NWT", "NS")), i] <- "R"
+      if (isTRUE(combine_SI)) {
+        data[which(data[, i, drop = TRUE] %in% c("I", "S")), i] <- "SI"
      }
+      data[which(!data[, i, drop = TRUE] %in% c("S", "SI", "I", "R")), i] <- NA_character_
    }
  }

@@ -364,7 +368,7 @@ sir_calc_df <- function(type, # "proportion", "count" or "both"
  } else {
    # don't use as.sir() here, as it would add the class 'sir' and we would like
    # the same data structure as output, regardless of input
-    if (out$value[out$interpretation == "SDD"] > 0) {
+    if (any(out$value[out$interpretation == "SDD"] > 0, na.rm = TRUE)) {
      out$interpretation <- factor(out$interpretation, levels = c("S", "SDD", "I", "R"), ordered = TRUE)
    } else {
      out$interpretation <- factor(out$interpretation, levels = c("S", "I", "R"), ordered = TRUE)
@@ -47,6 +47,6 @@ sir_df <- function(data,
      combine_SI = combine_SI,
      confidence_level = confidence_level
    ),
-    error = function(e) stop_(gsub("in sir_calc_df(): ", "", e$message, fixed = TRUE), call = -5)
+    error = function(e) stop_(gsub("in sir_calc_df(): ", "", conditionMessage(e), fixed = TRUE), call = -5)
  )
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,284 @@
+#' AMR Extensions for Tidymodels
+#'
+#' This family of functions allows using AMR-specific data types such as `<sir>` and `<mic>` inside `tidymodels` pipelines.
+#' @inheritParams recipes::step_center
+#' @details
+#' You can read more in our online [AMR with tidymodels introduction](https://amr-for-r.org/articles/AMR_with_tidymodels.html).
+#'
+#' Tidyselect helpers include:
+#' - [all_sir()] and [all_sir_predictors()] to select [`<sir>`][as.sir()] columns
+#' - [all_mic()] and [all_mic_predictors()] to select [`<mic>`][as.mic()] columns
+#' - [all_disk()] and [all_disk_predictors()] to select [`<disk>`][as.disk()] columns
+#'
+#' Pre-processing pipeline steps include:
+#' - [step_sir_numeric()] to convert SIR columns to numeric (via `as.numeric()`), to be used with [all_sir_predictors()]: `"S"` = 1, `"I"`/`"SDD"` = 2, `"R"` = 3. All other values are rendered `NA`. Keep this in mind for further processing, especially if the model does not allow for `NA` values.
+#' - [step_mic_log2()] to convert MIC columns to numeric (via `as.numeric()`) and apply a log2 transform, to be used with [all_mic_predictors()]
+#'
+#' These steps integrate with `recipes::recipe()` and work like standard preprocessing steps. They are useful for preparing data for modelling, especially with classification models.
+#' @seealso [recipes::recipe()], [as.sir()], [as.mic()], [as.disk()]
+#' @name amr-tidymodels
+#' @keywords internal
+#' @export
+#' @examples
+#' if (require("tidymodels")) {
+#'
+#'   # The below approach formed the basis for this paper: DOI 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1582703
+#'   # Presence of ESBL genes was predicted based on raw MIC values.
+#'
+#'
+#'   # example data set in the AMR package
+#'   esbl_isolates
+#'
+#'   # Prepare a binary outcome and convert to ordered factor
+#'   data <- esbl_isolates %>%
+#'     mutate(esbl = factor(esbl, levels = c(FALSE, TRUE), ordered = TRUE))
+#'
+#'   # Split into training and testing sets
+#'   split <- initial_split(data)
+#'   training_data <- training(split)
+#'   testing_data <- testing(split)
+#'
+#'   # Create and prep a recipe with MIC log2 transformation
+#'   mic_recipe <- recipe(esbl ~ ., data = training_data) %>%
+#'
+#'     # Optionally remove non-predictive variables
+#'     remove_role(genus, old_role = "predictor") %>%
+#'
+#'     # Apply the log2 transformation to all MIC predictors
+#'     step_mic_log2(all_mic_predictors()) %>%
+#'
+#'     # And apply the preparation steps
+#'     prep()
+#'
+#'   # View prepped recipe
+#'   mic_recipe
+#'
+#'   # Apply the recipe to training and testing data
+#'   out_training <- bake(mic_recipe, new_data = NULL)
+#'   out_testing <- bake(mic_recipe, new_data = testing_data)
+#'
+#'   # Fit a logistic regression model
+#'   fitted <- logistic_reg(mode = "classification") %>%
+#'     set_engine("glm") %>%
+#'     fit(esbl ~ ., data = out_training)
+#'
+#'   # Generate predictions on the test set
+#'   predictions <- predict(fitted, out_testing) %>%
+#'     bind_cols(out_testing)
+#'
+#'   # Evaluate predictions using standard classification metrics
+#'   our_metrics <- metric_set(accuracy,
+#'                             recall,
+#'                             precision,
+#'                             sensitivity,
+#'                             specificity,
+#'                             ppv,
+#'                             npv)
+#'   metrics <- our_metrics(predictions, truth = esbl, estimate = .pred_class)
+#'
+#'   # Show performance
+#'   metrics
+#' }
+all_sir <- function() {
+  x <- tidymodels_amr_select(class = "sir")
+  names(x)
+}
+
+#' @rdname amr-tidymodels
+#' @export
+all_sir_predictors <- function() {
+  x <- tidymodels_amr_select(class = "sir")
+  intersect(x, recipes::has_role("predictor"))
+}
+
+#' @rdname amr-tidymodels
+#' @export
+all_mic <- function() {
+  x <- tidymodels_amr_select(class = "mic")
+  names(x)
+}
+
+#' @rdname amr-tidymodels
+#' @export
+all_mic_predictors <- function() {
+  x <- tidymodels_amr_select(class = "mic")
+  intersect(x, recipes::has_role("predictor"))
+}
+
+#' @rdname amr-tidymodels
+#' @export
+all_disk <- function() {
+  x <- tidymodels_amr_select(class = "disk")
+  names(x)
+}
+
+#' @rdname amr-tidymodels
+#' @export
+all_disk_predictors <- function() {
+  x <- tidymodels_amr_select(class = "disk")
+  intersect(x, recipes::has_role("predictor"))
+}
+
+#' @rdname amr-tidymodels
+#' @export
+step_mic_log2 <- function(
+    recipe,
+    ...,
+    role = NA,
+    trained = FALSE,
+    columns = NULL,
+    skip = FALSE,
+    id = recipes::rand_id("mic_log2")) {
+  recipes::add_step(
+    recipe,
+    step_mic_log2_new(
+      terms = rlang::enquos(...),
+      role = role,
+      trained = trained,
+      columns = columns,
+      skip = skip,
+      id = id
+    )
+  )
+}
+
+step_mic_log2_new <- function(terms, role, trained, columns, skip, id) {
+  recipes::step(
+    subclass = "mic_log2",
+    terms = terms,
+    role = role,
+    trained = trained,
+    columns = columns,
+    skip = skip,
+    id = id
+  )
+}
+
+#' @rawNamespace if(getRversion() >= "3.0.0") S3method(recipes::prep, step_mic_log2)
+prep.step_mic_log2 <- function(x, training, info = NULL, ...) {
+  col_names <- recipes::recipes_eval_select(x$terms, training, info)
+  recipes::check_type(training[, col_names], types = "ordered")
+  step_mic_log2_new(
+    terms = x$terms,
+    role = x$role,
+    trained = TRUE,
+    columns = col_names,
+    skip = x$skip,
+    id = x$id
+  )
+}
+
+#' @rawNamespace if(getRversion() >= "3.0.0") S3method(recipes::bake, step_mic_log2)
+bake.step_mic_log2 <- function(object, new_data, ...) {
+  recipes::check_new_data(object$columns, object, new_data)
+  for (col in object$columns) {
+    new_data[[col]] <- log2(as.numeric(as.mic(new_data[[col]])))
+  }
+  new_data
+}
+
+#' @export
+print.step_mic_log2 <- function(x, width = max(20, options()$width - 35), ...) {
+  title <- "Log2 transformation of MIC columns"
+  recipes::print_step(x$columns, x$terms, x$trained, title, width)
+}
+
+#' @rawNamespace if(getRversion() >= "3.0.0") S3method(recipes::tidy, step_mic_log2)
+tidy.step_mic_log2 <- function(x, ...) {
+  if (recipes::is_trained(x)) {
+    res <- tibble::tibble(terms = x$columns)
+  } else {
+    res <- tibble::tibble(terms = recipes::sel2char(x$terms))
+  }
+  res$id <- x$id
+  res
+}
+
+#' @rdname amr-tidymodels
+#' @export
+step_sir_numeric <- function(
+    recipe,
+    ...,
+    role = NA,
+    trained = FALSE,
+    columns = NULL,
+    skip = FALSE,
+    id = recipes::rand_id("sir_numeric")) {
+  recipes::add_step(
+    recipe,
+    step_sir_numeric_new(
+      terms = rlang::enquos(...),
+      role = role,
+      trained = trained,
+      columns = columns,
+      skip = skip,
+      id = id
+    )
+  )
+}
+
+step_sir_numeric_new <- function(terms, role, trained, columns, skip, id) {
+  recipes::step(
+    subclass = "sir_numeric",
+    terms = terms,
+    role = role,
+    trained = trained,
+    columns = columns,
+    skip = skip,
+    id = id
+  )
+}
+
+#' @rawNamespace if(getRversion() >= "3.0.0") S3method(recipes::prep, step_sir_numeric)
+prep.step_sir_numeric <- function(x, training, info = NULL, ...) {
+  col_names <- recipes::recipes_eval_select(x$terms, training, info)
+  recipes::check_type(training[, col_names], types = "ordered")
+  step_sir_numeric_new(
+    terms = x$terms,
+    role = x$role,
+    trained = TRUE,
+    columns = col_names,
+    skip = x$skip,
+    id = x$id
+  )
+}
+
+#' @rawNamespace if(getRversion() >= "3.0.0") S3method(recipes::bake, step_sir_numeric)
+bake.step_sir_numeric <- function(object, new_data, ...) {
+  recipes::check_new_data(object$columns, object, new_data)
+  for (col in object$columns) {
+    new_data[[col]] <- as.numeric(as.sir(new_data[[col]]))
+  }
+  new_data
+}
+
+#' @export
+print.step_sir_numeric <- function(x, width = max(20, options()$width - 35), ...) {
+  title <- "Numeric transformation of SIR columns"
+  recipes::print_step(x$columns, x$terms, x$trained, title, width)
+}
+
+#' @rawNamespace if(getRversion() >= "3.0.0") S3method(recipes::tidy, step_sir_numeric)
+tidy.step_sir_numeric <- function(x, ...) {
+  if (recipes::is_trained(x)) {
+    res <- tibble::tibble(terms = x$columns)
+  } else {
+    res <- tibble::tibble(terms = recipes::sel2char(x$terms))
+  }
+  res$id <- x$id
+  res
+}
+
+tidymodels_amr_select <- function(class) {
+  df <- get_current_data()
+  ind <- which(
+    vapply(
+      FUN.VALUE = logical(1),
+      df,
+      function(x) inherits(x, class),
+      USE.NAMES = TRUE
+    ),
+    useNames = TRUE
+  )
+  ind
+}
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ translate_into_language <- function(from,
  any_form_in_patterns <- tryCatch(
    any(from_unique %like% paste0("(", paste(gsub(" +\\(.*", "", df_trans$pattern), collapse = "|"), ")")),
    error = function(e) {
-      warning_("Translation not possible. Please create an issue at ", font_url("https://github.com/msberends/AMR/issues"), ". Many thanks!")
+      warning_("Translation not possible. Please create an issue at {.url https://github.com/msberends/AMR/issues}. Many thanks!")
      return(FALSE)
    }
  )
@@ -258,19 +258,32 @@ translate_into_language <- function(from,
    return(from)
  }

-  lapply(
-    # starting with longest pattern, since more general translations are shorter, such as 'Group'
-    order(nchar(df_trans$pattern), decreasing = TRUE),
-    function(i) {
-      from_unique_translated <<- gsub(
-        pattern = df_trans$pattern[i],
-        replacement = df_trans[i, lang, drop = TRUE],
-        x = from_unique_translated,
-        ignore.case = !df_trans$case_sensitive[i] & df_trans$regular_expr[i],
-        fixed = !df_trans$regular_expr[i],
-        perl = df_trans$regular_expr[i]
+  if (only_affect_ab_names == TRUE) {
+    df_trans$pattern[df_trans$regular_expr == TRUE] <- paste0(df_trans$pattern[df_trans$regular_expr == TRUE], "$")
+    df_trans$pattern[df_trans$regular_expr == TRUE] <- gsub("$$", "$", df_trans$pattern[df_trans$regular_expr == TRUE], fixed = TRUE)
+  }
+
+  # non-regex part
+  translate_exec <- function(term) {
+    # sort trans file on length of pattern
+    trns <- df_trans[order(nchar(df_trans$pattern), decreasing = TRUE), ]
+    for (i in seq_len(nrow(trns))) {
+      term <- gsub(
+        pattern = trns$pattern[i],
+        replacement = trns[i, lang, drop = TRUE],
+        x = term,
+        ignore.case = !trns$case_sensitive[i] & trns$regular_expr[i],
+        fixed = !trns$regular_expr[i],
+        perl = trns$regular_expr[i],
      )
    }
+    term
+  }
+  from_unique_translated[order(nchar(from_unique_translated), decreasing = TRUE)] <- vapply(
+    FUN.VALUE = character(1),
+    USE.NAMES = FALSE,
+    from_unique_translated[order(nchar(from_unique_translated), decreasing = TRUE)],
+    translate_exec
  )

  # force UTF-8 for diacritics
@@ -280,11 +293,11 @@ translate_into_language <- function(from,
  out <- from_unique_translated[match(from.bak, from_unique)]

  if (!identical(from.bak, out) && get_AMR_locale() == lang && is.null(getOption("AMR_locale", default = NULL)) && message_not_thrown_before("translation", entire_session = TRUE) && interactive()) {
-    message(word_wrap(
+    message(font_blue(word_wrap(
      "Assuming the ", LANGUAGES_SUPPORTED_NAMES[[lang]]$exonym, " language (",
      LANGUAGES_SUPPORTED_NAMES[[lang]]$endonym, ") for the AMR package. See `set_AMR_locale()` to change this or to silence this once-per-session note.",
-      add_fn = list(font_blue), as_note = TRUE
-    ))
+      as_note = TRUE
+    )))
  }

  out
@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@
 # These are all S3 implementations for the vctrs package,
 # that is used internally by tidyverse packages such as dplyr.
 # They are to convert AMR-specific classes to bare characters and integers.
-# All of them will be exported using s3_register() in R/zzz.R when loading the package.

 # see https://github.com/tidyverse/dplyr/issues/5955 why this is required

@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ deprecation_warning <- function(old = NULL, new = NULL, fn = NULL, extra_msg = N
          ". The old name will be removed in future version, so please update your code.",
          ifelse(type == "argument",
            ". While the old argument still works, it will be removed in a future version, so please update your code.",
-            " and will be removed in a future version, see `?AMR-deprecated`."
+            " and will be removed in a future version, see {.topic [AMR-deprecated](AMR::AMR-deprecated)}."
          )
        ),
        ifelse(!is.null(extra_msg),
@@ -115,6 +115,14 @@ AMR_env$cross_icon <- if (isTRUE(base::l10n_info()$`UTF-8`)) "\u00d7" else "x"
 }

 .onAttach <- function(libname, pkgname) {
+  if (interactive() && is.null(getOption("AMR_guideline"))) {
+    packageStartupMessage(
+      word_wrap(
+        "Assuming ", AMR::clinical_breakpoints$guideline[1], " as the default AMR guideline, see `?AMR-options` to change this."
+      )
+    )
+  }
+
  # if custom ab option is available, load it
  if (!is.null(getOption("AMR_custom_ab")) && file.exists(getOption("AMR_custom_ab", default = ""))) {
    if (getOption("AMR_custom_ab") %unlike% "[.]rds$") {
@@ -127,7 +135,7 @@ AMR_env$cross_icon <- if (isTRUE(base::l10n_info()$`UTF-8`)) "\u00d7" else "x"
          suppressWarnings(suppressMessages(add_custom_antimicrobials(x)))
          packageStartupMessage("OK.")
        },
-        error = function(e) packageStartupMessage("Failed: ", e$message)
+        error = function(e) packageStartupMessage("Failed: ", conditionMessage(e))
      )
    }
  }
@@ -143,7 +151,7 @@ AMR_env$cross_icon <- if (isTRUE(base::l10n_info()$`UTF-8`)) "\u00d7" else "x"
          suppressWarnings(suppressMessages(add_custom_microorganisms(x)))
          packageStartupMessage("OK.")
        },
-        error = function(e) packageStartupMessage("Failed: ", e$message)
+        error = function(e) packageStartupMessage("Failed: ", conditionMessage(e))
      )
    }
  }
@@ -49,8 +49,11 @@ To install the latest 'beta' version:

 ```{r, eval = FALSE}
 install.packages("AMR", repos = "beta.amr-for-r.org")
+```

-# if this does not work, try to install directly from GitHub using the 'remotes' package:
+If this does not work, try to install directly from GitHub using the `remotes` package:
+
+```{r, eval = FALSE}
 remotes::install_github("msberends/AMR")
 ```

@@ -58,8 +58,12 @@ To install the latest ‘beta’ version:

 ``` r
 install.packages("AMR", repos = "beta.amr-for-r.org")
+```

-# if this does not work, try to install directly from GitHub using the 'remotes' package:
+If this does not work, try to install directly from GitHub using the
+`remotes` package:
+
+``` r
 remotes::install_github("msberends/AMR")
 ```

@@ -234,6 +234,7 @@ reference:
    - "`antimicrobials`"
    - "`clinical_breakpoints`"
    - "`example_isolates`"
+    - "`esbl_isolates`"
    - "`microorganisms.codes`"
    - "`microorganisms.groups`"
    - "`intrinsic_resistant`"
@@ -244,12 +245,14 @@ reference:

  - title: "Other: miscellaneous functions"
    desc: >
-      These functions are mostly for internal use, but some of
-      them may also be suitable for your analysis. Especially the
-      'like' function can be useful: `if (x %like% y) {...}`.
+      Miscellaneous functions that support various parts of an AMR analysis,
+      such as working with ages, joining tables, principal component analysis,
+      and other utilities. Especially the 'like' function can be useful:
+      `if (x %like% y) {...}`.
    contents:
    - "`age_groups`"
    - "`age`"
+    - "`amr_course`"
    - "`export_ncbi_biosample`"
    - "`availability`"
    - "`get_AMR_locale`"
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+This version is a bugfix release (v3.0.1) following the release of v3.0.0 in June 2025.
+
 As with all previous >20 releases, some CHECKs on `oldrel` may return a `NOTE` for narrowly exceeding the installation size limit. This has been reduced to a minimum in prior coordination with CRAN maintainers and currently returns only an `INFO` on `release` and `devel`.

 We treat this as a high-impact package: it was published in the *Journal of Statistical Software* (2022), is listed in the CRAN Task View "Epidemiology", and (based on cranlogs download statistics) is used globally. If there is anything to address, we would appreciate being informed before archiving the current version. We conduct extensive automated unit testing and have no indication of unresolved issues.
@@ -56,7 +56,8 @@ os.makedirs(r_lib_path, exist_ok=True)
 os.environ['R_LIBS_SITE'] = r_lib_path

 from rpy2 import robjects
-from rpy2.robjects import pandas2ri
+from rpy2.robjects.conversion import localconverter
+from rpy2.robjects import default_converter, numpy2ri, pandas2ri
 from rpy2.robjects.packages import importr, isinstalled

 # Import base and utils
@@ -94,27 +95,26 @@ if r_amr_version != python_amr_version:
 print(f"AMR: Setting up R environment and AMR datasets...", flush=True)

 # Activate the automatic conversion between R and pandas DataFrames
-pandas2ri.activate()
+with localconverter(default_converter + numpy2ri.converter + pandas2ri.converter):
+    # example_isolates
+    example_isolates = robjects.r('''
+    df <- AMR::example_isolates
+    df[] <- lapply(df, function(x) {
+        if (inherits(x, c("Date", "POSIXt", "factor"))) {
+            as.character(x)
+        } else {
+            x
+        }
+    })
+    df <- df[, !sapply(df, is.list)]
+    df
+    ''')
+    example_isolates['date'] = pd.to_datetime(example_isolates['date'])

-# example_isolates
-example_isolates = pandas2ri.rpy2py(robjects.r('''
-df <- AMR::example_isolates
-df[] <- lapply(df, function(x) {
-    if (inherits(x, c("Date", "POSIXt", "factor"))) {
-        as.character(x)
-    } else {
-        x
-    }
-})
-df <- df[, !sapply(df, is.list)]
-df
-'''))
-example_isolates['date'] = pd.to_datetime(example_isolates['date'])
-
-# microorganisms
-microorganisms = pandas2ri.rpy2py(robjects.r('AMR::microorganisms[, !sapply(AMR::microorganisms, is.list)]'))
-antimicrobials = pandas2ri.rpy2py(robjects.r('AMR::antimicrobials[, !sapply(AMR::antimicrobials, is.list)]'))
-clinical_breakpoints = pandas2ri.rpy2py(robjects.r('AMR::clinical_breakpoints[, !sapply(AMR::clinical_breakpoints, is.list)]'))
+    # microorganisms
+    microorganisms = robjects.r('AMR::microorganisms[, !sapply(AMR::microorganisms, is.list)]')
+    antimicrobials = robjects.r('AMR::antimicrobials[, !sapply(AMR::antimicrobials, is.list)]')
+    clinical_breakpoints = robjects.r('AMR::clinical_breakpoints[, !sapply(AMR::clinical_breakpoints, is.list)]')

 base.options(warn = 0)

@@ -129,16 +129,15 @@ echo "from .datasets import clinical_breakpoints" >> $init_file

 # Write header to the functions Python file, including the convert_to_python function
 cat <<EOL > "$functions_file"
+import functools
 import rpy2.robjects as robjects
 from rpy2.robjects.packages import importr
 from rpy2.robjects.vectors import StrVector, FactorVector, IntVector, FloatVector, DataFrame
-from rpy2.robjects import pandas2ri
+from rpy2.robjects.conversion import localconverter
+from rpy2.robjects import default_converter, numpy2ri, pandas2ri
 import pandas as pd
 import numpy as np

-# Activate automatic conversion between R data frames and pandas data frames
-pandas2ri.activate()
-
 # Import the AMR R package
 amr_r = importr('AMR')

@@ -156,10 +155,8 @@ def convert_to_python(r_output):
        return list(r_output)  # Convert to a Python list of integers or floats
    
    # Check if it's a pandas-compatible R data frame
-    elif isinstance(r_output, pd.DataFrame):
+    elif isinstance(r_output, (pd.DataFrame, DataFrame)):
        return r_output  # Return as pandas DataFrame (already converted by pandas2ri)
-    elif isinstance(r_output, DataFrame):
-        return pandas2ri.rpy2py(r_output) # Return as pandas DataFrame

    # Check if the input is a NumPy array and has a string data type
    if isinstance(r_output, np.ndarray) and np.issubdtype(r_output.dtype, np.str_):
@@ -167,6 +164,15 @@ def convert_to_python(r_output):
    
    # Fall-back
    return r_output
+
+def r_to_python(r_func):
+    """Decorator that runs an rpy2 function under a localconverter
+    and then applies convert_to_python to its output."""
+    @functools.wraps(r_func)
+    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
+        with localconverter(default_converter + numpy2ri.converter + pandas2ri.converter):
+            return convert_to_python(r_func(*args, **kwargs))
+    return wrapper
 EOL

 # Directory where the .Rd files are stored (update path as needed)
@@ -246,11 +252,12 @@ for rd_file in "$rd_dir"/*.Rd; do
        gsub("FALSE", "False", func_args)
        gsub("NULL", "None", func_args)

-        # Write the Python function definition to the output file
-        print "def " func_name_py "(" func_args "):" >> "'"$functions_file"'"
-        print "    \"\"\"Please see our website of the R package for the full manual: https://amr-for-r.org\"\"\"" >> "'"$functions_file"'"
-        print "    return convert_to_python(amr_r." func_name_py "(" func_args "))" >> "'"$functions_file"'"
-        
+        # Write the Python function definition to the output file, using decorator
+        print "@r_to_python" >> "'"$functions_file"'"  
+        print "def " func_name_py "(" func_args "):" >> "'"$functions_file"'"  
+        print "    \"\"\"Please see our website of the R package for the full manual: https://amr-for-r.org\"\"\"" >> "'"$functions_file"'"  
+        print "    return amr_r." func_name_py "(" func_args ")" >> "'"$functions_file"'"  
+
        print "from .functions import " func_name_py >> "'"$init_file"'"
    }
    ' "$rd_file"
@@ -366,9 +366,12 @@ pre_commit_lst$MO_RELEVANT_GENERA <- c(
 # antibiotic groups
 # (these will also be used for eucast_rules() and understanding data-raw/eucast_rules.tsv)
 pre_commit_lst$AB_AMINOGLYCOSIDES <- antimicrobials %>%
-  filter(group %like% "aminoglycoside") %>%
+  filter(group %like% "aminoglycoside|paromomycin|spectinomycin") %>%
+  pull(ab)
+pre_commit_lst$AB_AMINOPENICILLINS <- as.ab(c("AMP", "AMX", "AMC"))
+pre_commit_lst$AB_AMINOCOUMARINS <- antimicrobials %>%
+  filter(name %like% "novobiocin|clorobiocin") %>%
  pull(ab)
-pre_commit_lst$AB_AMINOPENICILLINS <- as.ab(c("AMP", "AMX"))
 pre_commit_lst$AB_ANTIFUNGALS <- antimicrobials %>%
  filter(group %like% "antifungal") %>%
  pull(ab)
@@ -397,26 +400,28 @@ pre_commit_lst$AB_CEPHALOSPORINS_5TH <- antimicrobials %>%
  filter(group %like% "cephalosporin.*5") %>%
  pull(ab)
 pre_commit_lst$AB_CEPHALOSPORINS_EXCEPT_CAZ <- pre_commit_lst$AB_CEPHALOSPORINS[pre_commit_lst$AB_CEPHALOSPORINS != "CAZ"]
-pre_commit_lst$AB_FLUOROQUINOLONES <- antimicrobials %>%
-  # see DOI 10.23937/2378-3656/1410369, more specifically this table: https://www.clinmedjournals.org/articles/cmrcr/cmrcr-8-369-table1.html
-  filter((group %like% "quinolone" | atc_group1 %like% "quinolone" | atc_group2 %like% "quinolone") & name %unlike% " acid|nalidixic|cinoxacin|flumequine|oxolinic|piromidic|pipemidic|rosoxacin") %>%
-  pull(ab)
 pre_commit_lst$AB_GLYCOPEPTIDES <- antimicrobials %>%
  filter(group %like% "glycopeptide") %>%
  pull(ab)
+pre_commit_lst$AB_FUSIDANES <- antimicrobials %>%
+  filter(name %like% "fusi") %>%
+  pull(ab)
+pre_commit_lst$AB_IONOPHORES<- antimicrobials %>%
+  filter(name %like% "alamethicin|beauvericin|calcimycin|chloroquine|clioquinol|diiodohydroxyquinoline|dithiocarbamates|enniatin|epigallocatechin|gramicidin|hinokitiol|ionomycin|laidlomycin|lasalocid|maduramicin|monensin|narasin|nigericin|nonactin|nystatin|pyrazole|pyrithione|quercetin|salinomycin|semduramicin|valinomycin|zincophorin") %>%
+  pull(ab)
 pre_commit_lst$AB_ISOXAZOLYLPENICILLINS <- antimicrobials %>%
  filter(name %like% "oxacillin|cloxacillin|dicloxacillin|flucloxacillin|meth?icillin") %>%
  pull(ab)
 pre_commit_lst$AB_LIPOGLYCOPEPTIDES <- as.ab(c("DAL", "ORI", "TLV")) # dalba/orita/tela
 pre_commit_lst$AB_GLYCOPEPTIDES_EXCEPT_LIPO <- pre_commit_lst$AB_GLYCOPEPTIDES[!pre_commit_lst$AB_GLYCOPEPTIDES %in% pre_commit_lst$AB_LIPOGLYCOPEPTIDES]
 pre_commit_lst$AB_LINCOSAMIDES <- antimicrobials %>%
-  filter(atc_group2 %like% "lincosamide" | (group %like% "lincosamide" & is.na(atc_group2) & name %like% "^(pirlimycin)" & name %unlike% "screening|inducible")) %>%
+  filter(atc_group2 %like% "lincosamide" | (group %like% "lincosamide" & is.na(atc_group2) & name %like% "^(pirlimycin|clinda)")) %>%
  pull(ab)
 pre_commit_lst$AB_MACROLIDES <- antimicrobials %>%
-  filter(atc_group2 %like% "macrolide" | (group %like% "macrolide" & is.na(atc_group2) & name %like% "^(acetylmidecamycin|acetylspiramycin|gamith?romycin|kitasamycin|meleumycin|nafith?romycin|solith?romycin|tildipirosin|tilmicosin|tulath?romycin|tylosin|tylvalosin)" & name %unlike% "screening|inducible")) %>%
+  filter(atc_group2 %like% "macrolide" | (group %like% "macrolide" & is.na(atc_group2)) | name %like% "^(acetylmidecamycin|acetylspiramycin|gamith?romycin|kitasamycin|meleumycin|nafith?romycin|primycin|solith?romycin|tildipirosin|tilmicosin|tulath?romycin|tylosin|tylvalosin)") %>%
  pull(ab)
 pre_commit_lst$AB_MONOBACTAMS <- antimicrobials %>%
-  filter(group %like% "monobactam") %>%
+  filter(group %like% "monobactam" | name %like% "aztreonam|carumonam|tigemonam") %>%
  pull(ab)
 pre_commit_lst$AB_NITROFURANS <- antimicrobials %>%
  filter(name %like% "^furaz|nitrofura" | atc_group2 %like% "nitrofuran") %>%
@@ -427,39 +432,157 @@ pre_commit_lst$AB_OXAZOLIDINONES <- antimicrobials %>%
 pre_commit_lst$AB_PENICILLINS <- antimicrobials %>%
  filter(group %like% "penicillin" & !(name %unlike% "/" & name %like% ".*bactam$")) %>%
  pull(ab)
+pre_commit_lst$AB_PEPTIDES <- antimicrobials %>%
+  filter(ab %in% pre_commit_lst$AB_GLYCOPEPTIDES | name %like% "thiostrepton|actinomycin|bacitracin|daptomycin|vancomycin|teixobactin|tyrocidine|gramicidin|zwittermicin|epothilone|fabclavine|bleomycin|ciclosporin|cyclosporine|siderophores|pyoverdine|enterobactin|myxochelin") %>%
+  pull(ab)
 pre_commit_lst$AB_PHENICOLS <- antimicrobials %>%
  filter(group %like% "phenicol" | atc_group1 %like% "phenicol" | atc_group2 %like% "phenicol") %>%
  pull(ab)
+pre_commit_lst$AB_PHOSPHONICS <- antimicrobials %>%
+  filter(group %like% "phosphonic" | name %like% "fosfo") %>%
+  pull(ab)
+pre_commit_lst$AB_PLEUROMUTILINS <- antimicrobials %>%
+  filter(name %like% "retapamulin|tiamulin|pleuromutilin") %>%
+  pull(ab)
 pre_commit_lst$AB_POLYMYXINS <- antimicrobials %>%
  filter(group %like% "polymyxin") %>%
  pull(ab)
 pre_commit_lst$AB_QUINOLONES <- antimicrobials %>%
-  filter(group %like% "quinolone" | atc_group1 %like% "quinolone" | atc_group2 %like% "quinolone") %>%
+  filter(group %like% "quinolone" | atc_group1 %like% "quinolone" | atc_group2 %like% "quinolone" | name %like% "ozenoxacin") %>%
+  pull(ab)
+pre_commit_lst$AB_FLUOROQUINOLONES <- antimicrobials %>%
+  # see DOI 10.23937/2378-3656/1410369, more specifically this table: https://www.clinmedjournals.org/articles/cmrcr/cmrcr-8-369-table1.html
+  filter(ab %in% pre_commit_lst$AB_QUINOLONES & name %unlike% " acid|nalidixic|cinoxacin|flumequine|oxolinic|ozenoxacin|piromidic|pipemidic|rosoxacin") %>%
  pull(ab)
 pre_commit_lst$AB_RIFAMYCINS <- antimicrobials %>%
  filter(name %like% "Rifampi|Rifabutin|Rifapentine|rifamy") %>%
  pull(ab)
+pre_commit_lst$AB_SPIROPYRIMIDINETRIONES <- antimicrobials %>%
+  filter(name %like% "zoliflodacin") %>%
+  pull(ab)
 pre_commit_lst$AB_STREPTOGRAMINS <- antimicrobials %>%
-  filter(atc_group2 %like% "streptogramin") %>%
+  filter(atc_group2 %like% "streptogramin" | name %like% "streptogramin|virginiamycin|ostreogrycin") %>%
  pull(ab)
 pre_commit_lst$AB_TETRACYCLINES <- antimicrobials %>%
-  filter(group %like% "tetracycline") %>%
+  filter(atc_group1 %like% "tetracycline" | atc_group2 %like% "tetracycline" | name %like% "chlortetracycline|cetocycline|demeclocycline|doxycycline|eravacycline|lymecycline|meclocycline|meth?acycline|minocycline|omadacycline|oxytetracycline|rolitetracycline|sarecycline|tetracycline|tigecycline") %>%
  pull(ab)
 pre_commit_lst$AB_TETRACYCLINES_EXCEPT_TGC <- pre_commit_lst$AB_TETRACYCLINES[pre_commit_lst$AB_TETRACYCLINES != "TGC"]
 pre_commit_lst$AB_TRIMETHOPRIMS <- antimicrobials %>%
-  filter(group %like% "trimethoprim") %>%
+  filter(atc_group1 %like% "trimethoprim" | atc_group2 %like% "trimethoprim" | name %like% "trimethoprim|ormetroprim|iclaprim") %>%
  pull(ab)
 pre_commit_lst$AB_SULFONAMIDES <- antimicrobials %>%
-  filter(group %like% "trimethoprim" & name %unlike% "trimethoprim") %>%
+  filter(name %like% "(^|/)sulf[oai]") %>%
  pull(ab)
 pre_commit_lst$AB_UREIDOPENICILLINS <- as.ab(c("PIP", "TZP", "AZL", "MEZ"))
-pre_commit_lst$AB_BETALACTAMS <- sort(c(pre_commit_lst$AB_PENICILLINS, pre_commit_lst$AB_CEPHALOSPORINS, pre_commit_lst$AB_CARBAPENEMS, pre_commit_lst$AB_MONOBACTAMS))
+pre_commit_lst$AB_BETALACTAMS <- sort(c(
+  pre_commit_lst$AB_PENICILLINS,
+  pre_commit_lst$AB_CEPHALOSPORINS,
+  pre_commit_lst$AB_CARBAPENEMS,
+  pre_commit_lst$AB_MONOBACTAMS))
+pre_commit_lst$AB_BETALACTAMASE_INHIBITORS <- antimicrobials %>%
+  filter(atc_group2 %like% "Beta-lactamase inhibitors" | name %like% "bactam") %>%
+  pull(ab)
+# for EUCAST:
 pre_commit_lst$AB_BETALACTAMS_WITH_INHIBITOR <- antimicrobials %>%
-  filter(name %like% "/" & name %unlike% "EDTA" & ab %in% pre_commit_lst$AB_BETALACTAMS) %>%
+  filter(ab %in% pre_commit_lst$AB_BETALACTAMS & name %like% "/" & name %unlike% "EDTA") %>%
  pull(ab)
 # this will be used for documentation:
 pre_commit_lst$DEFINED_AB_GROUPS <- sort(names(pre_commit_lst)[names(pre_commit_lst) %like% "^AB_" & names(pre_commit_lst) != "AB_LOOKUP"])

+# Check that all AB_* groups with >= 4 members have a corresponding function
+for (grp in pre_commit_lst$DEFINED_AB_GROUPS[pre_commit_lst$DEFINED_AB_GROUPS %unlike% "BETALACTAMASE_INHIBITORS|EXCEPT"]) {
+  if (length(pre_commit_lst[[grp]]) >= 4) {
+    fn_name <- tolower(gsub("^AB_", "", grp))
+    if (!fn_name %in% ls(envir = asNamespace("AMR"))) {
+      stop("Group '", grp, "' has ", length(pre_commit_lst[[grp]]),
+           " members (", toString(ab_name(pre_commit_lst[[grp]], tolower = T)), ") but no corresponding function '", fn_name, "()' exists in the AMR namespace.",
+           call. = FALSE)
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+# Update the antimicrobials$group column
+usethis::ui_info("Updating 'group' column in antimicrobials data set from AB_* vectors")
+prettify_group_name <- function(name) {
+  raw <- gsub("^AB_", "", name)
+  pretty <- tools::toTitleCase(gsub("_", " ", tolower(raw)))
+  pretty[pretty %like% " (except|with) "] <- ""
+  pretty <- gsub(" (1st|2nd|3rd|4th|5th|6th)", " (\\1 gen.)", pretty)
+  pretty <- gsub("([Bb])eta[-]?", "\\1eta-", pretty)
+  pretty <- gsub(" Inhibitor", " inhibitor", pretty)
+  pretty <- pretty[pretty != ""]
+  return(pretty)
+}
+group_map <- vector("list", length = nrow(antimicrobials))
+names(group_map) <- antimicrobials$ab
+for (group_name in pre_commit_lst$DEFINED_AB_GROUPS) {
+  ab_vector <- pre_commit_lst[[group_name]]
+  pretty_name <- prettify_group_name(group_name)
+  for (ab in ab_vector) {
+    ab_chr <- as.character(ab)
+    group_map[[ab_chr]] <- sort(unique(c(group_map[[ab_chr]], pretty_name)))
+  }
+}
+for (i in seq_along(group_map)) {
+  if (is.null(group_map[[i]])) {
+    group_map[[i]] <- "Other"
+    if (antimicrobials$group[i] %unlike% "other") {
+      usethis::ui_warn(paste0("AB had a group but not anymore: ", antimicrobials$name[i], " (", antimicrobials$ab[i], "), was ", toString(antimicrobials$group[i])))
+    }
+  }
+  group_map[[i]] <- group_map[[i]][order(nchar(group_map[[i]]))]
+}
+
+# create priority list for ab_group()
+pre_commit_lst$ABX_PRIORITY_LIST <- c("Aminopenicillins",
+                                      "Isoxazolylpenicillins",
+                                      "Ureidopenicillins",
+                                      "Oxazolidinones",
+                                      "Carbapenems",
+                                      "Cephalosporins (1st gen.)",
+                                      "Cephalosporins (2nd gen.)",
+                                      "Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)",
+                                      "Cephalosporins (4th gen.)",
+                                      "Cephalosporins (5th gen.)",
+                                      "Cephalosporins",
+                                      "Penicillins",
+                                      "Monobactams",
+                                      "Aminoglycosides",
+                                      "Lipoglycopeptides",
+                                      "Glycopeptides",
+                                      "Peptides",
+                                      "Lincosamides",
+                                      "Streptogramins",
+                                      "Macrolides",
+                                      "Nitrofurans",
+                                      "Phenicols",
+                                      "Phosphonics",
+                                      "Polymyxins",
+                                      "Fluoroquinolones",
+                                      "Quinolones",
+                                      "Rifamycins",
+                                      "Spiropyrimidinetriones",
+                                      "Trimethoprims",
+                                      "Sulfonamides",
+                                      "Tetracyclines",
+                                      "Ionophores",
+                                      "Antifungals",
+                                      "Antimycobacterials",
+                                      "Fusidanes",
+                                      "Beta-lactams",
+                                      "Beta-lactamase inhibitors",
+                                      "Pleuromutilins",
+                                      "Aminocoumarins",
+                                      "Other")
+if (!all(unlist(antimicrobials$group) %in% pre_commit_lst$ABX_PRIORITY_LIST)) {
+  stop("Missing group(s) in priority list: ", paste(setdiff(unlist(antimicrobials$group), pre_commit_lst$ABX_PRIORITY_LIST), collapse = ", "))
+}
+for (i in seq_along(group_map)) {
+  group_map[[i]] <- intersect(pre_commit_lst$ABX_PRIORITY_LIST, group_map[[i]])
+}
+antimicrobials$group <- unname(group_map)
+usethis::use_data(antimicrobials, overwrite = TRUE, version = 2, compress = "xz")
+
 pre_commit_lst$AB_LOOKUP <- create_AB_AV_lookup(antimicrobials)
 pre_commit_lst$AV_LOOKUP <- create_AB_AV_lookup(antivirals)

@@ -646,7 +769,33 @@ files_changed <- function(paths = "^(R|data)/") {
 # Update URLs -------------------------------------------------------------
 if (files_changed()) {
  usethis::ui_info("Checking URLs for redirects")
-  invisible(urlchecker::url_update("."))
+  # Step 1: Get sources from tools (excluding man/)
+  sources <- tools:::url_db_from_package_sources(".")
+  sources <- sources[!grepl("^man/", sources$Parent), ]
+  # Step 2: Get URLs from .R files in R/
+  r_files <- list.files("R", pattern = "\\.R$", full.names = TRUE)
+  # Function to extract URLs from a file
+  extract_urls_from_file <- function(file_path) {
+    lines <- readLines(file_path, warn = FALSE)
+    urls <- stringr::str_extract_all(lines, "https?://[^\\s)\"'>]+")
+    urls <- unlist(urls)
+    if (length(urls) == 0) {
+      return(NULL)
+    }
+    # Remove trailing punctuation (e.g., .,), etc.)
+    urls <- stringr::str_replace(urls, "[\\.,;)]+$", "")
+    data.frame(
+      URL = urls,
+      Parent = gsub("^\\./", "", file_path),
+      stringsAsFactors = FALSE
+    )
+  }
+  r_file_urls <- do.call(rbind, lapply(r_files, extract_urls_from_file))
+  # Step 3: Combine the two sources
+  total <- rbind(sources, r_file_urls)
+  # Step 4: Check URLs and update
+  results <- urlchecker::url_check(db = total)
+  invisible(urlchecker::url_update(results = results))
 }

 # Style pkg ---------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -663,7 +812,9 @@ if (files_changed()) {
 }

 # Update index.md and README.md -------------------------------------------
-if (files_changed("man/microorganisms.Rd") ||
+if (files_changed("README.Rmd") ||
+    files_changed("index.Rmd") ||
+    files_changed("man/microorganisms.Rd") ||
    files_changed("man/antimicrobials.Rd") ||
    files_changed("man/clinical_breakpoints.Rd") ||
    files_changed("man/antibiogram.Rd") ||
@@ -677,5 +828,6 @@ if (files_changed("man/microorganisms.Rd") ||
 }

 # Finished ----------------------------------------------------------------
+rm(antimicrobials)
 usethis::ui_done("All done")
 suppressMessages(reset_AMR_locale())
@@ -912,7 +912,76 @@ antimicrobials <- antimicrobials %>%
      oral_ddd = NA_real_
    ))

+# add Taniborbactam and Cefepime/taniborbactam
+antimicrobials <- antimicrobials |>
+  mutate(ab = as.character(ab)) |>
+  bind_rows(
+    antimicrobials |>
+      filter(ab == "FPE") |>
+      mutate(ab = as.character(ab)) |>
+      mutate(ab = "FTA",
+             name = "Cefepime/taniborbactam",
+             cid = NA_real_),
+    antimicrobials |>
+      filter(ab == "TBP") |>
+      mutate(ab = as.character(ab)) |>
+      mutate(ab = "TAN",
+             name = "Taniborbactam",
+             cid = 76902493,
+             abbreviations = list("VNRX-5133"))
+  )

+antimicrobials <- antimicrobials |>
+  mutate(ab = as.character(ab)) |>
+  bind_rows(
+    antimicrobials |>
+      filter(ab == "CTB") |>
+      mutate(ab = "CTA",
+             cid = NA_real_,
+             name = "Ceftibuten/avibactam") |>
+      select(1:4),
+    antimicrobials |>
+      filter(ab == "KAC") |>
+      mutate(ab = "KAS",
+             cid = NA_real_,
+             name = "Kasugamycin") |>
+      select(1:4),
+    antimicrobials |>
+      filter(ab == "PRI") |>
+      mutate(ab = "OST",
+             cid = NA_real_,
+             name = "Ostreogrycin") |>
+      select(1:4),
+    antimicrobials |>
+      filter(ab == "PRI") |>
+      mutate(ab = "THS",
+             cid = NA_real_,
+             name = "Thiostrepton") |>
+      select(1, 3),
+    antimicrobials |>
+      filter(ab == "CLA1") |>
+      mutate(ab = "XER",
+             cid = NA_real_,
+             name = "Xeruborbactam") |>
+      select(1:4),
+    antimicrobials |>
+      filter(ab == "BLM") |>
+      mutate(ab = "ZOR",
+             cid = NA_real_,
+             name = "Zorbamycin") |>
+      select(1:4),
+  )
+
+antimicrobials <- antimicrobials |>
+  mutate(ab = as.character(ab)) |>
+  bind_rows(
+    antimicrobials |>
+      filter(ab == "NOV") |>
+      mutate(ab = "CLB",
+             cid = 54706138,
+             name = "Clorobiocin") |>
+      select(1:4),
+  )

 # update ATC codes from WHOCC website -------------------------------------

@@ -1089,13 +1158,14 @@ for (i in 1:nrow(antimicrobials)) {
  syn <- as.character(sort(unique(tolower(unname(unlist(antimicrobials[i, "synonyms", drop = TRUE]))))))
  syn <- gsub("[^a-z]", "", syn)
  syn <- gsub(" +", " ", syn)
-  pharm_terms <- "(pa?ediatric|injection|oral|inhale|otic|sulfate|sulphate|sodium|base|anhydrous|anhydrate|stearate|syrup|natrium|hydrate|x?hcl|gsalt|vet[.]?)"
+  pharm_terms <- "(antibiotic|pa?ediatric|injection|oral|inhale|otic|sulfate|sulphate|sodium|base|anhydrous|anhydrate|stearate|syrup|natrium|hydrate|x?hcl|gsalt|vet[.]?)"
  syn <- gsub(paste0(" ", pharm_terms, "$"), "", syn)
  syn <- gsub(paste0("^", pharm_terms, " "), "", syn)
  syn <- trimws(syn)
  syn <- gsub(" [a-z]{1,3}$", "", syn, perl = TRUE)
  syn <- trimws(syn)
  syn <- syn[syn != "" & syn %unlike% ":" & !syn %in% tolower(antimicrobials$name)]
+  syn <- syn[!syn %in% c("antibiotic", "antimicrobial")]
  # remove synonyms that are names in the data set
  syn <- syn[!sapply(syn, function(s) any(grepl(transform_syn(s), antimicrobials$name)))]
  syn <- unique(syn)
@@ -1112,6 +1182,11 @@ for (i in 1:nrow(antimicrobials)) {
    antimicrobials[i, "loinc"][[1]] <- ifelse(length(loinc) == 0, list(NA_character_), list(loinc))
  }
 }
+antimicrobials$group <- unname(antimicrobials$group)
+antimicrobials$atc <- unname(antimicrobials$atc)
+antimicrobials$abbreviations <- unname(antimicrobials$abbreviations)
+antimicrobials$synonyms <- unname(antimicrobials$synonyms)
+antimicrobials$loinc <- unname(antimicrobials$loinc)


 usethis::use_data(antimicrobials, overwrite = TRUE, version = 2, compress = "xz")
@@ -35,24 +35,26 @@ library(readr)
 library(tidyr)
 devtools::load_all()

-# Install the WHONET software on Windows (http://www.whonet.org/software.html),
-# and copy the folder C:\WHONET\Resources to the data-raw/WHONET/ folder
-# (for ASIARS-Net update, also copy C:\WHONET\Codes to the data-raw/WHONET/ folder)
-
 # BE SURE TO RUN data-raw/_reproduction_scripts/reproduction_of_microorganisms.groups.R FIRST TO GET THE GROUPS!

 # READ DATA ----

-whonet_organisms <- read_tsv("data-raw/WHONET/Resources/Organisms.txt", na = c("", "NA", "-"), show_col_types = FALSE) |>
+# files are retrieved from https://github.com/AClark-WHONET/AMRIE
+
+github_repo <- "https://raw.github.com/AClark-WHONET/AMRIE/main/Interpretation%20Engine/Resources"
+file_organisms <- file.path(github_repo, "Organisms.txt")
+file_breakpoints <- file.path(github_repo, "Breakpoints.txt")
+file_antibiotics <- file.path(github_repo, "Antibiotics.txt")
+
+whonet_organisms <- read_tsv(file_organisms, na = c("", "NA", "-"), show_col_types = FALSE, guess_max = Inf) |>
  # remove old taxonomic names
  filter(TAXONOMIC_STATUS == "C") |>
  mutate(ORGANISM_CODE = toupper(WHONET_ORG_CODE))

-whonet_breakpoints <- read_tsv("data-raw/WHONET/Resources/Breakpoints.txt", na = c("", "NA", "-"),
-                               show_col_types = FALSE, guess_max = Inf) |>
+whonet_breakpoints <- read_tsv(file_breakpoints, na = c("", "NA", "-"), show_col_types = FALSE, guess_max = Inf) |>
  filter(GUIDELINES %in% c("CLSI", "EUCAST"))

-whonet_antibiotics <- read_tsv("data-raw/WHONET/Resources/Antibiotics.txt", na = c("", "NA", "-"), show_col_types = FALSE) |>
+whonet_antibiotics <- read_tsv(file_antibiotics, na = c("", "NA", "-"), show_col_types = FALSE, guess_max = Inf) |>
  arrange(WHONET_ABX_CODE) |>
  distinct(WHONET_ABX_CODE, .keep_all = TRUE)

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 # how to conduct AMR data analysis: https://amr-for-r.org              #
 # ==================================================================== #

-# This data set is being used in the clinical_breakpoints data set, and thus by as.sir().
+# This data set is being referenced from in the clinical_breakpoints data set, and also by as.sir().
 # It prevents the breakpoints table from being extremely long for species that are part of a species group.
 # Also used by eucast_rules() to expand group names.

@@ -36,10 +36,6 @@ library(readr)
 library(tidyr)
 devtools::load_all()

-# Install the WHONET software on Windows (http://www.whonet.org/software.html),
-# and copy the folder C:\WHONET\Resources to the data-raw/WHONET/ folder
-
-
 # BACTERIAL COMPLEXES
 # find all bacterial complex in the NCBI Taxonomy Browser here:
 # https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Undef&id=2&lvl=6&lin=f&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock
@@ -48,9 +44,14 @@ devtools::load_all()

 # READ DATA ----

-whonet_organisms <- read_tsv("data-raw/WHONET/Resources/Organisms.txt", na = c("", "NA", "-"), show_col_types = FALSE) %>%
+# files are retrieved from https://github.com/AClark-WHONET/AMRIE
+
+github_repo <- "https://raw.github.com/AClark-WHONET/AMRIE/main/Interpretation%20Engine/Resources"
+file_organisms <- file.path(github_repo, "Organisms.txt")
+
+whonet_organisms <- read_tsv(file_organisms, na = c("", "NA", "-"), show_col_types = FALSE, guess_max = Inf) |>
  # remove old taxonomic names
-  filter(TAXONOMIC_STATUS == "C") %>%
+  filter(TAXONOMIC_STATUS == "C") |>
  mutate(ORGANISM_CODE = toupper(WHONET_ORG_CODE))

 whonet_organisms <- whonet_organisms %>%
@@ -87,7 +88,7 @@ microorganisms.groups <- whonet_organisms %>%
            mo = ifelse(is.na(mo),
                        as.character(as.mo(ORGANISM, keep_synonyms = TRUE, minimum_matching_score = 0)),
                        mo)) %>% 
-  # add our own CoNS and CoPS, WHONET does not strictly follow Becker et al (2014, 2019, 2020)
+  # add our own CoNS and CoPS, WHONET does not strictly follow Becker et al. (2014, 2019, 2020)
  filter(mo_group != as.mo("CoNS")) %>% 
  bind_rows(tibble(mo_group = as.mo("CoNS"), mo = MO_CONS)) %>% 
  filter(mo_group != as.mo("CoPS")) %>% 
@@ -153,7 +154,7 @@ microorganisms.groups <- whonet_organisms %>%
  filter(mo_group != "B_YERSN_PSDT-C") %>% 
  bind_rows(tibble(mo_group = as.mo("B_YERSN_PSDT-C"),
                   mo = paste("Yersinia", c("pseudotuberculosis", "pestis", "similis", "wautersii")) %>% as.mo(keep_synonyms = TRUE))) %>% 
-  # RGM are Rapidly-grwoing Mycobacteria, see https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28084211/
+  # RGM are Rapidly-growing Mycobacteria, see https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28084211/
  filter(mo_group != "B_MYCBC_RGM") %>% 
  bind_rows(tibble(mo_group = as.mo("B_MYCBC_RGM"),
                   mo = paste("Mycobacterium", c( "abscessus abscessus", "abscessus bolletii", "abscessus massiliense", "agri", "aichiense", "algericum", "alvei", "anyangense", "arabiense", "aromaticivorans", "aubagnense", "aubagnense", "aurum", "austroafricanum", "bacteremicum", "boenickei", "bourgelatii", "brisbanense", "brumae", "canariasense", "celeriflavum", "chelonae", "chitae", "chlorophenolicum", "chubuense", "confluentis", "cosmeticum", "crocinum", "diernhoferi", "duvalii", "elephantis", "fallax", "flavescens", "fluoranthenivorans", "fortuitum", "franklinii", "frederiksbergense", "gadium", "gilvum", "goodii", "hassiacum", "hippocampi", "hodleri", "holsaticum", "houstonense", "immunogenum", "insubricum", "iranicum", "komossense", "litorale", "llatzerense", "madagascariense", "mageritense", "monacense", "moriokaense", "mucogenicum", "mucogenicum", "murale", "neoaurum", "neworleansense", "novocastrense", "obuense", "pallens", "parafortuitum", "peregrinum", "phlei", "phocaicum", "phocaicum", "porcinum", "poriferae", "psychrotolerans", "pyrenivorans", "rhodesiae", "rufum", "rutilum", "salmoniphilum", "sediminis", "senegalense", "septicum", "setense", "smegmatis", "sphagni", "thermoresistibile", "tokaiense", "vaccae", "vanbaalenii", "wolinskyi")) %>% as.mo(keep_synonyms = TRUE)))
@@ -108,3 +108,18 @@ writeLines(contents, "R/aa_helper_pm_functions.R")

 # note: pm_left_join() will be overwritten by aaa_helper_functions.R, which contains a faster implementation
 # replace `res <- as.data.frame(res)` with  `res <- as.data.frame(res, stringsAsFactors = FALSE)`
+
+# after running, pm_select must be altered. The line:
+# col_pos <- pm_select_positions(.data, ..., .group_pos = TRUE)
+# ... must be replaced with this to support tidyselect functionality such as `starts_with()`:
+# col_pos <- tryCatch(pm_select_positions(.data, ..., .group_pos = TRUE), error = function(e) NULL)
+# if (is.null(col_pos)) {
+#   # try with tidyverse
+#   select_dplyr <- import_fn("select", "dplyr", error_on_fail = FALSE)
+#   if (!is.null(select_dplyr)) {
+#     col_pos <- which(colnames(.data) %in% colnames(select_dplyr(.data, ...)))
+#   } else {
+#     # this will throw an error as it did, but dplyr is not available, so no other option
+#     col_pos <- pm_select_positions(.data, ..., .group_pos = TRUE)
+#   }
+# }
@@ -1 +1 @@
-228840b3941753c4adee2b781d901590
+11aade8a39bfdff02d01fb52b04eacdc
@@ -1,498 +1,506 @@
 "ab"	"cid"	"name"	"group"	"atc"	"atc_group1"	"atc_group2"	"abbreviations"	"synonyms"	"oral_ddd"	"oral_units"	"iv_ddd"	"iv_units"	"loinc"
 "AMA"	4649	"4-aminosalicylic acid"	"Antimycobacterials"	"J04AA01"	"Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis"	"Aminosalicylic acid and derivatives"	"NA"	"aminacyl,aminopar,aminosalyl,aminox,apacil,deapasil,entepas,gabbropas,granupas,helipidyl,hellipidyl,nemasol,nippas,osacyl,pamacyl,pamisyl,paramisan,paramycin,parasal,parasalicil,parasalindon,pasade,pasalon,pasara,pascorbic,pasdium,pasem,paser,pasmed,pasnal,pasnodia,pasolac,passodico,pharmakon,propasa,rezipas,salvis,sanipirol,sanipriol,sodiopas,spectrum"	12	"g"			"NA"
-"ACM"	6450012	"Acetylmidecamycin"	"Macrolides/lincosamides"	"NA"			"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
-"ASP"	49787020	"Acetylspiramycin"	"Macrolides/lincosamides"	"NA"			"NA"	"antibiotic,espiramicin,espiramicina,foromacidin,provamycin,rovamicina,rovamycin,rovamycine,selectomycin,sequamycin,spiramycine,spiramycinum"					"NA"
-"ALS"	8954	"Aldesulfone sodium"	"Other antibacterials"	"J04BA03"	"Drugs for treatment of lepra"	"Drugs for treatment of lepra"	"NA"	"adesulfone,aldapsone,aldesulfone,aldesulphone,diamidin,diason,diasone,diasoneenterab,diazon,didimethanesulfinate,novotrone,sulfoxone"	0.33	"g"			"NA"
+"ACM"	6450012	"Acetylmidecamycin"	"Macrolides"	"NA"			"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
+"ASP"	49787020	"Acetylspiramycin"	"Macrolides"	"NA"			"NA"	"espiramicin,espiramicina,foromacidin,provamycin,rovamicina,rovamycin,rovamycine,selectomycin,sequamycin,spiramycine,spiramycinum"					"NA"
+"ALS"	8954	"Aldesulfone sodium"	"Other"	"J04BA03"	"Drugs for treatment of lepra"	"Drugs for treatment of lepra"	"NA"	"adesulfone,aldapsone,aldesulfone,aldesulphone,diamidin,diason,diasone,diasoneenterab,diazon,didimethanesulfinate,novotrone,sulfoxone"	0.33	"g"			"NA"
 "AMK"	37768	"Amikacin"	"Aminoglycosides"	"D06AX12,J01GB06,QD06AX12,QJ01GB06,QS01AA21,S01AA21"	"Aminoglycoside antibacterials"	"Other aminoglycosides"	"ak,ami,amik,amikac,amk,an"	"amikacillin,amikacina,amikacine,amikacinum,amikavet,amikin,amikozit,amukin,arikace,briclin,butirosins,kaminax,lukadin,mikavir,potentox,prestwick"			1	"g"	"101493-5,11-7,12-5,13-3,13546-7,14-1,15098-7,17798-0,18860-7,20373-7,23624-0,25174-4,25175-1,25176-9,25177-7,25178-5,25179-3,31097-9,31098-7,31099-5,3319-1,3320-9,3321-7,35669-1,42642-9,48169-7,50802-8,50803-6,56628-1,59378-0,60564-2,60565-9,6975-7,80972-3,89484-0"
-"AKF"		"Amikacin/fosfomycin"	"Aminoglycosides"	"NA"			"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
-"AMO"	54260	"Amorolfine"	"Antifungals/antimycotics"	"D01AE16,QD01AE16"	"Antifungals for topical use"	"Other antifungals for topical use"	"amor"	"amorolfina,amorolfinum,bekiron,corbel,curanail,fenpropemorph,fenpropimorph,fenpropimorphe,forbel,funbas,loceryl,locetar,mildofix,mistral,morpholine,odenil,omicur,pekiron"					"NA"
-"AMX"	33613	"Amoxicillin"	"Beta-lactams/penicillins"	"J01CA04,QG51AA03,QJ01CA04"	"Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins"	"Penicillins with extended spectrum"	"ac,amox,amoxic,amx"	"acuotricina,alfamox,alfida,amitron,amoclen,amodex,amoksicillin,amolin,amopen,amopenixin,amophar,amoran,amoxi,amoxicaps,amoxicilina,amoxicilline,amoxicillinum,amoxidal,amoxiden,amoxil,amoxillat,amoxina,amoxine,amoxipen,amoxivet,amoxycillin,amoxycillinsalt,amoxyke,anemolin,aspenil,atoksilin,bristamox,cemoxin,ciblor,clamoxyl,damoxy,danoxillin,delacillin,demoksil,dispermox,efpenix,eupen,flemoxin,flemoxine,galenamox,gramidil,hiconcil,himinomax,histocillin,ibiamox,imacillin,izoltil,kentrocyllin,lamoxy,largopen,larotid,matasedrin,metifarma,moksilin,moxacin,moxal,moxaline,moxatag,neotetranase,novabritine,ospamox,pacetocin,pamocil,paradroxil,pasetocin,penamox,piramox,promoxil,quimiopen,remoxil,riotapen,robamox,sawacillin,siganopen,simplamox,sintopen,sumox,topramoxin,trifamox,trimox,unicillin,utimox,velamox,vetramox,wymox,zamocillin,zamocilline,zimox"	1.5	"g"	3	"g"	"101498-4,15-8,16-6,16365-9,17-4,18-2,18861-5,18862-3,19-0,20-8,21-6,22-4,25274-2,25310-4,3344-9,55614-2,55615-9,55616-7,6976-5,6977-3,80133-2"
-"AMC"	23665637	"Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid"	"Beta-lactams/penicillins"	"J01CR02,QJ01CR02"	"Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins"	"Combinations of penicillins, incl. beta-lactamase inhibitors"	"a/c,amcl,aml,amocla,aug,xl"	"amocla,amoclan,amoclav,amoksiclav,amoxsiklav,amoxyclav,ancla,augmentan,augmentin,augmentine,auspilic,clamentin,clamobit,clavam,clavamox,clavinex,clavumox,coamoxiclav,curam,eumetinex,kesium,kmoxilin,spectramox,synulox,viaclav,xiclav"	1.5	"g"	3	"g"	"NA"
-"AXS"	465441	"Amoxicillin/sulbactam"	"Beta-lactams/penicillins"	"J01CR02,QJ01CR02"			"NA"	"NA"	1.5	"g"	3	"g"	"55614-2,55615-9,55616-7"
-"AMB"	5280965	"Amphotericin B"	"Antifungals/antimycotics"	"A01AB04,A07AA07,G01AA03,J02AA01,QA01AB04,QA07AA07,QG01AA03,QJ02AA01"	"Antimycotics for systemic use"	"Antibiotics"	"amf,amfb,amph,amphot"	"abelcet,abelecet,ambil,ambisome,amphocin,amphomoronal,amphotec,amphotericin,amphotocerin,amphozone,funganiline,fungilin,fungisome,fungisone,fungizone,halizon,nystatine,nystatinum,terrastatin"	40	"mg"	210	"mg"	"16370-9,18863-1,23-2,24-0,25-7,26-5,3353-0,3354-8,40707-2,40757-7,49859-2,6978-1"
-"AMH"		"Amphotericin B-high"	"Antifungals/antimycotics"	"NA"			"amfo b high,amhl,ampho b high,amphotericin high"	"NA"					"NA"
-"AMP"	6249	"Ampicillin"	"Beta-lactams/penicillins"	"J01CA01,QJ01CA01,QJ51CA01,QS01AA19,S01AA19"	"Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins"	"Penicillins with extended spectrum"	"am,amp,amp100,amp200,ampi,ampici"	"adobacillin,alpen,amblosin,amcap,amcill,amfipen,ampen,amperil,ampichel,ampicilina,ampicillina,ampicilline,ampicillinesalt,ampicillinsalt,ampicillinum,ampifarm,ampikel,ampimed,ampinova,ampipenin,ampiscel,ampisyn,ampivax,ampivet,amplacilina,amplin,amplipenyl,amplisom,amplital,austrapen,bayer,binotal,bonapicillin,britacil,cimex,citteral,copharcilin,cymbi,delcillin,deripen,divercillin,doktacillin,domicillin,duphacillin,grampenil,guicitrina,guicitrine,lifeampil,marcillin,morepen,norobrittin,nuvapen,omnipen,orbicilina,penbristol,penbritin,penbrock,penialmen,penicline,penimic,penizillin,pensyn,pentrex,pentrexl,pentrexyl,pentritin,ponecil,princillin,principen,racenacillin,redicilin,rosampline,roscillin,semicillin,servicillin,sumipanto,supen,synpenin,texcillin,tokiocillin,tolomol,totacillin,totalciclina,totapen,trafarbiot,trifacilina,ukapen,ultrabion,ultrabron,vampen,viccillin,vidocillin,wypicil"	2	"g"	6	"g"	"101477-8,101478-6,18864-9,18865-6,20374-5,21066-6,23618-2,27-3,28-1,29-9,30-7,31-5,32-3,33-1,3355-5,33562-0,33919-2,34-9,43883-8,43884-6,6979-9,6980-7,87604-5"
-"SAM"	119561	"Ampicillin/sulbactam"	"Beta-lactams/penicillins"	"J01CR01,QJ01CR01"	"Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins"	"Combinations of penicillins, incl. beta-lactamase inhibitors"	"a/s,ab,ampsul,ams,amsu,apsu,sam"	"sulacillin"			6	"g"	"101478-6,18865-6,20374-5,23618-2,31-5,32-3,33-1,34-9,6980-7"
-"AMR"	73341	"Amprolium"	"Other antibacterials"	"QP51BX02"			"NA"	"amprol,amprolio,amprovine,anticoccid,cocciprol,corid,mepyrium,picolinium,pyridinium,thiacoccid"					"NA"
-"ANI"	166548	"Anidulafungin"	"Antifungals/antimycotics"	"J02AX06,QJ02AX06"	"Antimycotics for systemic use"	"Other antimycotics for systemic use"	"anid,anidul"	"anidulafungina,anidulafungine,anidulafunginum,biafungin,ecalta,eraxis"			0.1	"g"	"55343-8,57095-2,58420-1,77162-6"
-"APL"	6602341	"Apalcillin"	"Beta-lactams/penicillins"	"NA"			"apalci"	"apalcilina,apalcilline,apalcillinsalt,apalcillinum,lumota"					"NA"
+"AKF"		"Amikacin/fosfomycin"	"Aminoglycosides,Phosphonics"	"NA"			"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
+"AMO"	54260	"Amorolfine"	"Antifungals"	"D01AE16,QD01AE16"	"Antifungals for topical use"	"Other antifungals for topical use"	"amor"	"amorolfina,amorolfinum,bekiron,corbel,curanail,fenpropemorph,fenpropimorph,fenpropimorphe,forbel,funbas,loceryl,locetar,mildofix,mistral,morpholine,odenil,omicur,pekiron"					"NA"
+"AMX"	33613	"Amoxicillin"	"Aminopenicillins,Penicillins,Beta-lactams"	"J01CA04,QG51AA03,QJ01CA04"	"Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins"	"Penicillins with extended spectrum"	"ac,amox,amoxic,amx"	"acuotricina,alfamox,alfida,amitron,amoclen,amodex,amoksicillin,amolin,amopen,amopenixin,amophar,amoran,amoxi,amoxicaps,amoxicilina,amoxicilline,amoxicillinum,amoxidal,amoxiden,amoxil,amoxillat,amoxina,amoxine,amoxipen,amoxivet,amoxycillin,amoxycillinsalt,amoxyke,anemolin,aspenil,atoksilin,bristamox,cemoxin,ciblor,clamoxyl,damoxy,danoxillin,delacillin,demoksil,dispermox,efpenix,eupen,flemoxin,flemoxine,galenamox,gramidil,hiconcil,himinomax,histocillin,ibiamox,imacillin,izoltil,kentrocyllin,lamoxy,largopen,larotid,matasedrin,metifarma,moksilin,moxacin,moxal,moxaline,moxatag,neotetranase,novabritine,ospamox,pacetocin,pamocil,paradroxil,pasetocin,penamox,piramox,promoxil,quimiopen,remoxil,riotapen,robamox,sawacillin,siganopen,simplamox,sintopen,sumox,topramoxin,trifamox,trimox,unicillin,utimox,velamox,vetramox,wymox,zamocillin,zamocilline,zimox"	1.5	"g"	3	"g"	"101498-4,15-8,16-6,16365-9,17-4,18-2,18861-5,18862-3,19-0,20-8,21-6,22-4,25274-2,25310-4,3344-9,55614-2,55615-9,55616-7,6976-5,6977-3,80133-2"
+"AMC"	23665637	"Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid"	"Aminopenicillins,Penicillins,Beta-lactams,Beta-lactamase inhibitors"	"J01CR02,QJ01CR02"	"Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins"	"Combinations of penicillins, incl. beta-lactamase inhibitors"	"a/c,amcl,aml,amocla,aug,xl"	"amocla,amoclan,amoclav,amoksiclav,amoxsiklav,amoxyclav,ancla,augmentan,augmentin,augmentine,auspilic,clamentin,clamobit,clavam,clavamox,clavinex,clavumox,coamoxiclav,curam,eumetinex,kesium,kmoxilin,spectramox,synulox,viaclav,xiclav"	1.5	"g"	3	"g"	"NA"
+"AXS"	465441	"Amoxicillin/sulbactam"	"Penicillins,Beta-lactams,Beta-lactamase inhibitors"	"J01CR02,QJ01CR02"			"NA"	"NA"	1.5	"g"	3	"g"	"55614-2,55615-9,55616-7"
+"AMB"	5280965	"Amphotericin B"	"Antifungals"	"A01AB04,A07AA07,G01AA03,J02AA01,QA01AB04,QA07AA07,QG01AA03,QJ02AA01"	"Antimycotics for systemic use"	"Antibiotics"	"amf,amfb,amph,amphot"	"abelcet,abelecet,ambil,ambisome,amphocin,amphomoronal,amphotec,amphotericin,amphotocerin,amphozone,funganiline,fungilin,fungisome,fungisone,fungizone,halizon,nystatine,nystatinum,terrastatin"	40	"mg"	210	"mg"	"16370-9,18863-1,23-2,24-0,25-7,26-5,3353-0,3354-8,40707-2,40757-7,49859-2,6978-1"
+"AMH"		"Amphotericin B-high"	"Antifungals"	"NA"			"amfo b high,amhl,ampho b high,amphotericin high"	"NA"					"NA"
+"AMP"	6249	"Ampicillin"	"Aminopenicillins,Penicillins,Beta-lactams"	"J01CA01,QJ01CA01,QJ51CA01,QS01AA19,S01AA19"	"Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins"	"Penicillins with extended spectrum"	"am,amp,amp100,amp200,ampi,ampici"	"adobacillin,alpen,amblosin,amcap,amcill,amfipen,ampen,amperil,ampichel,ampicilina,ampicillina,ampicilline,ampicillinesalt,ampicillinsalt,ampicillinum,ampifarm,ampikel,ampimed,ampinova,ampipenin,ampiscel,ampisyn,ampivax,ampivet,amplacilina,amplin,amplipenyl,amplisom,amplital,austrapen,bayer,binotal,bonapicillin,britacil,cimex,citteral,copharcilin,cymbi,delcillin,deripen,divercillin,doktacillin,domicillin,duphacillin,grampenil,guicitrina,guicitrine,lifeampil,marcillin,morepen,norobrittin,nuvapen,omnipen,orbicilina,penbristol,penbritin,penbrock,penialmen,penicline,penimic,penizillin,pensyn,pentrex,pentrexl,pentrexyl,pentritin,ponecil,princillin,principen,racenacillin,redicilin,rosampline,roscillin,semicillin,servicillin,sumipanto,supen,synpenin,texcillin,tokiocillin,tolomol,totacillin,totalciclina,totapen,trafarbiot,trifacilina,ukapen,ultrabion,ultrabron,vampen,viccillin,vidocillin,wypicil"	2	"g"	6	"g"	"101477-8,101478-6,18864-9,18865-6,20374-5,21066-6,23618-2,27-3,28-1,29-9,30-7,31-5,32-3,33-1,3355-5,33562-0,33919-2,34-9,43883-8,43884-6,6979-9,6980-7,87604-5"
+"SAM"	119561	"Ampicillin/sulbactam"	"Penicillins,Beta-lactams,Beta-lactamase inhibitors"	"J01CR01,QJ01CR01"	"Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins"	"Combinations of penicillins, incl. beta-lactamase inhibitors"	"a/s,ab,ampsul,ams,amsu,apsu,sam"	"sulacillin"			6	"g"	"101478-6,18865-6,20374-5,23618-2,31-5,32-3,33-1,34-9,6980-7"
+"AMR"	73341	"Amprolium"	"Other"	"QP51BX02"			"NA"	"amprol,amprolio,amprovine,anticoccid,cocciprol,corid,mepyrium,picolinium,pyridinium,thiacoccid"					"NA"
+"ANI"	166548	"Anidulafungin"	"Antifungals"	"J02AX06,QJ02AX06"	"Antimycotics for systemic use"	"Other antimycotics for systemic use"	"anid,anidul"	"anidulafungina,anidulafungine,anidulafunginum,biafungin,ecalta,eraxis"			0.1	"g"	"55343-8,57095-2,58420-1,77162-6"
+"APL"	6602341	"Apalcillin"	"Penicillins,Beta-lactams"	"NA"			"apalci"	"apalcilina,apalcilline,apalcillinsalt,apalcillinum,lumota"					"NA"
 "APR"	3081545	"Apramycin"	"Aminoglycosides"	"QA07AA92,QJ01GB90,QJ51GB90"			"apramy"	"ambylan,apralan,apramicina,apramycine,apramycinum"					"23659-6,73652-0,73653-8"
 "ARB"	68682	"Arbekacin"	"Aminoglycosides"	"J01GB12,QJ01GB12"			"arbeka"	"arbekacina,arbekacine,arbekacinum,haberacin"			0.2	"g"	"32373-3,53818-1,54173-0"
-"APX"	71961	"Aspoxicillin"	"Beta-lactams/penicillins"	"J01CA19,QJ01CA19"			"apoxic,aspoxi"	"aspoxicilina,aspoxicillan,aspoxicilline,aspoxicillinum,doyle"			4	"g"	"NA"
+"APX"	71961	"Aspoxicillin"	"Penicillins,Beta-lactams"	"J01CA19,QJ01CA19"			"apoxic,aspoxi"	"aspoxicilina,aspoxicillan,aspoxicilline,aspoxicillinum,doyle"			4	"g"	"NA"
 "AST"	5284517	"Astromicin"	"Aminoglycosides"	"NA"			"astrom"	"abbott,astromicina,astromicine,astromicinum,fortimicin,istamycin,istamycins"					"NA"
-"AVB"	9835049	"Avibactam"	"Beta-lactams/penicillins"	"NA"			"NA"	"avibactamfreeacid"					"NA"
-"AVI"	71674	"Avilamycin"	"Other antibacterials"	"QA07AA95"			"avilam"	"avilamycina,avilamycine,avilamycinum,inteprity,kavault,surmax"					"35754-1,35755-8,35756-6,55619-1"
-"AVO"	16131159	"Avoparcin"	"Glycopeptides"	"NA"			"NA"	"firvanq,tagocid,targocid,targosid,tecoplanina,tecoplanine,tecoplaninum,teichomycin,teicoplanina,teicoplanine,teicoplaninum,teikoplanin,ticocin"					"NA"
-"AZD"	15574941	"Azidocillin"	"Beta-lactams/penicillins"	"J01CE04,QJ01CE04"	"Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins"	"Beta-lactamase sensitive penicillins"	"NA"	"azidocilina,azidocillina,azidocilline,azidocillinum"	1.5	"g"			"NA"
-"AZM"	447043	"Azithromycin"	"Macrolides/lincosamides"	"J01FA10,QJ01FA10,QS01AA26,S01AA26"	"Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins"	"Macrolides"	"az,azi,azit,azithr,azm"	"aritromicina,aruzilina,azasite,azenil,azifast,azigram,azimakrol,azithramycine,azithrocin,azithromycine,azithromycinum,azitrocin,azitromax,azitromicina,azitromicine,azitromin,aziwin,aziwok,aztrin,azyter,hemomycin,macrozit,misultina,mixoterin,setron,sumamed,tobil,toraseptol,tromix,trozocina,trulimax,xithrone,zentavion,zifin,zithrax,zithromac,zithromax,zitrim,zitromax,zitrotek,zythromax"	0.3	"g"	0.5	"g"	"100043-9,16420-2,16421-0,18866-4,23612-5,25233-8,35-6,36-4,37-2,38-0,6981-5,89480-8"
-"AFC"		"Azithromycin/fluconazole/secnidazole"	"Other antibacterials"	"J01RA07,QJ01RA07"	"Combinations of antibacterials"	"Combinations of antibacterials"	"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
-"AZL"	6479523	"Azlocillin"	"Beta-lactams/penicillins"	"J01CA09,QJ01CA09"	"Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins"	"Penicillins with extended spectrum"	"az,azl,azlo,azloci"	"azlin,azlocilina,azlocilline,azlocillinsalt,azlocillinum,securopen"			12	"g"	"16422-8,18867-2,3368-8,39-8,40-6,41-4,41661-0,42-2"
-"ATM"	5742832	"Aztreonam"	"Monobactams"	"J01DF01,QJ01DF01"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Monobactams"	"at,atm,azm,azt,azt1,aztr,aztreo"	"azactam,azetreonam,azonam,azthreonam,aztreon,aztreonamum,cayston,dynabiotic,nebactam,primbactam,squibb"			4	"g"	"101497-6,16423-6,18868-0,25234-6,3369-6,41662-8,41663-6,41664-4,41727-9,43-0,44-8,45-5,46-3,6982-3"
-"AZA"		"Aztreonam/avibactam"	"Monobactams"	"J01DF51,QJ01DF51"			"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
-"ANC"		"Aztreonam/nacubactam"	"Monobactams"	"J01DF51,QJ01DF51"			"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
-"BAM"	441397	"Bacampicillin"	"Beta-lactams/penicillins"	"J01CA06,QJ01CA06"	"Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins"	"Penicillins with extended spectrum"	"bacamp"	"alphacilina,alphacillin,ambacamp,ambaxin,bacacil,bacampicilina,bacampicilline,bacampicillinum,bacampicine,berocillin,centurina,devonium,diancina,inacilin,maxifen,penglobe,pivatil,pondocil,pondocillin,pondocillina,sanguicillin,spectrobid,velbacil"	1.2	"g"			"18869-8,47-1,48-9,49-7,50-5,55620-9"
-"BAC"	78358334	"Bacitracin"	"Other antibacterials"	"D06AX05,J01XX10,QA07AA93,QD06AX05,QJ01XX10,QR02AB04,QS01AA32,R02AB04,S01AA32"			"baci,bacitr"	"albac,altracin,ayfivin,baciferm,baciguent,baciim,baciliquin,bacilliquin,baciquent,bacitracina,bacitracine,bacitracinum,fortracin,mycitracin,parentracin,penitracin,septa,topitracin,topitrasin,tropitracin,zutracin"					"10868-8,16428-5,18870-6,6827-0,6983-1,87603-7"
-"BDQ"	5388906	"Bedaquiline"	"Other antibacterials"	"J04AK05,QJ04AK05"			"NA"	"NA"	86	"mg"			"80637-2,88703-4,88704-2,94274-8,96107-8"
+"AVB"	9835049	"Avibactam"	"Beta-lactamase inhibitors"	"NA"			"NA"	"avibactamfreeacid"					"NA"
+"AVI"	71674	"Avilamycin"	"Other"	"QA07AA95"			"avilam"	"avilamycina,avilamycine,avilamycinum,inteprity,kavault,surmax"					"35754-1,35755-8,35756-6,55619-1"
+"AVO"	16131159	"Avoparcin"	"Glycopeptides,Peptides"	"NA"			"NA"	"firvanq,tagocid,targocid,targosid,tecoplanina,tecoplanine,tecoplaninum,teichomycin,teicoplanina,teicoplanine,teicoplaninum,teikoplanin,ticocin"					"NA"
+"AZD"	15574941	"Azidocillin"	"Penicillins,Beta-lactams"	"J01CE04,QJ01CE04"	"Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins"	"Beta-lactamase sensitive penicillins"	"NA"	"azidocilina,azidocillina,azidocilline,azidocillinum"	1.5	"g"			"NA"
+"AZM"	447043	"Azithromycin"	"Macrolides"	"J01FA10,QJ01FA10,QS01AA26,S01AA26"	"Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins"	"Macrolides"	"az,azi,azit,azithr,azm"	"aritromicina,aruzilina,azasite,azenil,azifast,azigram,azimakrol,azithramycine,azithrocin,azithromycine,azithromycinum,azitrocin,azitromax,azitromicina,azitromicine,azitromin,aziwin,aziwok,aztrin,azyter,hemomycin,macrozit,misultina,mixoterin,setron,sumamed,tobil,toraseptol,tromix,trozocina,trulimax,xithrone,zentavion,zifin,zithrax,zithromac,zithromax,zitrim,zitromax,zitrotek,zythromax"	0.3	"g"	0.5	"g"	"100043-9,16420-2,16421-0,18866-4,23612-5,25233-8,35-6,36-4,37-2,38-0,6981-5,89480-8"
+"AFC"		"Azithromycin/fluconazole/secnidazole"	"Other"	"J01RA07,QJ01RA07"	"Combinations of antibacterials"	"Combinations of antibacterials"	"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
+"AZL"	6479523	"Azlocillin"	"Ureidopenicillins,Penicillins,Beta-lactams"	"J01CA09,QJ01CA09"	"Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins"	"Penicillins with extended spectrum"	"az,azl,azlo,azloci"	"azlin,azlocilina,azlocilline,azlocillinsalt,azlocillinum,securopen"			12	"g"	"16422-8,18867-2,3368-8,39-8,40-6,41-4,41661-0,42-2"
+"ATM"	5742832	"Aztreonam"	"Monobactams,Beta-lactams"	"J01DF01,QJ01DF01"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Monobactams"	"at,atm,azm,azt,azt1,aztr,aztreo"	"azactam,azetreonam,azonam,azthreonam,aztreon,aztreonamum,cayston,dynabiotic,nebactam,primbactam,squibb"			4	"g"	"101497-6,16423-6,18868-0,25234-6,3369-6,41662-8,41663-6,41664-4,41727-9,43-0,44-8,45-5,46-3,6982-3"
+"AZA"		"Aztreonam/avibactam"	"Monobactams,Beta-lactams,Beta-lactamase inhibitors"	"J01DF51,QJ01DF51"			"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
+"ANC"		"Aztreonam/nacubactam"	"Monobactams,Beta-lactams,Beta-lactamase inhibitors"	"J01DF51,QJ01DF51"			"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
+"BAM"	441397	"Bacampicillin"	"Penicillins,Beta-lactams"	"J01CA06,QJ01CA06"	"Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins"	"Penicillins with extended spectrum"	"bacamp"	"alphacilina,alphacillin,ambacamp,ambaxin,bacacil,bacampicilina,bacampicilline,bacampicillinum,bacampicine,berocillin,centurina,devonium,diancina,inacilin,maxifen,penglobe,pivatil,pondocil,pondocillin,pondocillina,sanguicillin,spectrobid,velbacil"	1.2	"g"			"18869-8,47-1,48-9,49-7,50-5,55620-9"
+"BAC"	78358334	"Bacitracin"	"Peptides"	"D06AX05,J01XX10,QA07AA93,QD06AX05,QJ01XX10,QR02AB04,QS01AA32,R02AB04,S01AA32"			"baci,bacitr"	"albac,altracin,ayfivin,baciferm,baciguent,baciim,baciliquin,bacilliquin,baciquent,bacitracina,bacitracine,bacitracinum,fortracin,mycitracin,parentracin,penitracin,septa,topitracin,topitrasin,tropitracin,zutracin"					"10868-8,16428-5,18870-6,6827-0,6983-1,87603-7"
+"BDQ"	5388906	"Bedaquiline"	"Other"	"J04AK05,QJ04AK05"			"NA"	"NA"	86	"mg"			"80637-2,88703-4,88704-2,94274-8,96107-8"
 "BEK"	439318	"Bekanamycin"	"Aminoglycosides"	"J01GB13,QJ01GB13"			"NA"	"aminodeoxykanamycin,becanamicina,bekanamicina,bekanamycine,bekanamycinum"			0.6	"g"	"NA"
-"BNB"		"Benzathine benzylpenicillin"	"Beta-lactams/penicillins"	"J01CE08,QJ01CE08"	"Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins"	"Beta-lactamase sensitive penicillins"	"NA"	"NA"			3.6	"g"	"NA"
-"BNP"	64725	"Benzathine phenoxymethylpenicillin"	"Beta-lactams/penicillins"	"J01CE10,QJ01CE10"	"Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins"	"Beta-lactamase sensitive penicillins"	"NA"	"bicillin,biphecillin"	2	"g"			"NA"
-"PEN"	5904	"Benzylpenicillin"	"Beta-lactams/penicillins"	"J01CE01,QJ01CE01,QJ51CE01,QS01AA14,S01AA14"	"Combinations of antibacterials"	"Combinations of antibacterials"	"bepe,pen,peni,peni g,penic8,penica,penici,penicillin,penicillin g,penora,pg"	"bencilpenicilina,benzopenicillin,benzylpenicilline,benzylpenicillinum,capicillin,cillora,cilloral,cilopen,cintrisul,cosmopen,cristapen,crystapen,dropcillin,eskacillin,falapen,forpen,galofak,gelacillin,hipercilina,hyasorb,hylenta,lemopen,liquacillin,liquapen,monocillin,monopen,mycofarm,novocillin,penalev,penicillinum,penilaryn,penisem,pentid,pentids,pfizerpen,pharmacillin,pradupen,scotcil,sugracillin,sugracillinsalt,tabilin,ursopen,veticillin"			3.6	"g"	"NA"
-"PEN-S"		"Benzylpenicillin screening test"	"Beta-lactams/penicillins"	"NA"			"pen screen"	"NA"					"NA"
-"BES"	10178705	"Besifloxacin"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"QS01AE08,S01AE08"			"besifl"	"besivance"					"73606-6,73628-0,73651-2"
+"BNB"		"Benzathine benzylpenicillin"	"Penicillins,Beta-lactams"	"J01CE08,QJ01CE08"	"Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins"	"Beta-lactamase sensitive penicillins"	"NA"	"NA"			3.6	"g"	"NA"
+"BNP"	64725	"Benzathine phenoxymethylpenicillin"	"Penicillins,Beta-lactams"	"J01CE10,QJ01CE10"	"Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins"	"Beta-lactamase sensitive penicillins"	"NA"	"bicillin,biphecillin"	2	"g"			"NA"
+"PEN"	5904	"Benzylpenicillin"	"Penicillins,Beta-lactams"	"J01CE01,QJ01CE01,QJ51CE01,QS01AA14,S01AA14"	"Combinations of antibacterials"	"Combinations of antibacterials"	"bepe,pen,peni,peni g,penic8,penica,penici,penicillin,penicillin g,penora,pg"	"bencilpenicilina,benzopenicillin,benzylpenicilline,benzylpenicillinum,capicillin,cillora,cilloral,cilopen,cintrisul,cosmopen,cristapen,crystapen,dropcillin,eskacillin,falapen,forpen,galofak,gelacillin,hipercilina,hyasorb,hylenta,lemopen,liquacillin,liquapen,monocillin,monopen,mycofarm,novocillin,penalev,penicillinum,penilaryn,penisem,pentid,pentids,pfizerpen,pharmacillin,pradupen,scotcil,sugracillin,sugracillinsalt,tabilin,ursopen,veticillin"			3.6	"g"	"NA"
+"PEN-S"		"Benzylpenicillin screening test"	"Penicillins,Beta-lactams"	"NA"			"pen screen"	"NA"					"NA"
+"BES"	10178705	"Besifloxacin"	"Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones"	"QS01AE08,S01AE08"			"besifl"	"besivance"					"73606-6,73628-0,73651-2"
 "BLA-S"		"Beta-lactamase screening test"	"Other"	"NA"			"beta-lactamase,betalactamase,bl screen,blt screen"	"NA"					"NA"
-"BIA"	71339	"Biapenem"	"Carbapenems"	"J01DH05,QJ01DH05"			"biapen"	"biapenern,omegacin"			1.2	"g"	"41665-1,41666-9,41667-7,41728-7"
-"BCZ"	65807	"Bicyclomycin"	"Other antibacterials"	"NA"			"bicozamycin"	"aizumycin,bacfeed,bacteron,bicozamicina,bicozamycin,bicozamycine,bicozamycinum"					"NA"
-"BLM"	5360373	"Bleomycin"	"Glycopeptides"	"L01DC01,QL01DC01"			"NA"	"blenamax,blenoxane,bleocin,bleomicin,bleomicina,bleomycine,bleomycins,bleomycinum,blexane,nbleomycinamide"					"NA"
+"BIA"	71339	"Biapenem"	"Carbapenems,Beta-lactams"	"J01DH05,QJ01DH05"			"biapen"	"biapenern,omegacin"			1.2	"g"	"41665-1,41666-9,41667-7,41728-7"
+"BCZ"	65807	"Bicyclomycin"	"Other"	"NA"			"bicozamycin"	"aizumycin,bacfeed,bacteron,bicozamicina,bicozamycin,bicozamycine,bicozamycinum"					"NA"
+"BLM"	5360373	"Bleomycin"	"Glycopeptides,Peptides"	"L01DC01,QL01DC01"			"NA"	"blenamax,blenoxane,bleocin,bleomicin,bleomicina,bleomycine,bleomycins,bleomycinum,blexane,nbleomycinamide"					"NA"
 "BDP"	68760	"Brodimoprim"	"Trimethoprims"	"J01EA02,QJ01EA02"	"Sulfonamides and trimethoprim"	"Trimethoprim and derivatives"	"NA"	"brodimoprima,brodimoprime,brodimoprimum,bromdimoprim,hyprim,unitrim"	0.2	"g"			"NA"
-"BUT"	47472	"Butoconazole"	"Antifungals/antimycotics"	"G01AF15,QG01AF15"			"NA"	"butaconazole,butoconazol,butoconazolum,gynofort"					"NA"
+"BUT"	47472	"Butoconazole"	"Antifungals"	"G01AF15,QG01AF15"			"NA"	"butaconazole,butoconazol,butoconazolum,gynofort"					"NA"
 "CDZ"	44242317	"Cadazolid"	"Oxazolidinones"	"NA"			"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
 "CLA"		"Calcium aminosalicylate"	"Antimycobacterials"	"J04AA03,QJ04AA03"	"Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis"	"Aminosalicylic acid and derivatives"	"NA"	"NA"	15	"g"			"NA"
 "CAP"	135565060	"Capreomycin"	"Antimycobacterials"	"J04AB30,QJ04AB30"	"Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis"	"Antibiotics"	"capr,capreo"	"NA"			1	"g"	"16545-6,18872-2,23607-5,25210-6,25211-4,25212-2,42643-7,48170-5,55-4,55623-3,56-2,57-0,58-8,61355-4,89483-2"
-"CRB"	20824	"Carbenicillin"	"Beta-lactams/penicillins"	"J01CA03,QJ01CA03"	"Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins"	"Penicillins with extended spectrum"	"bar,carb,carben,cb"	"anabactyl,carbecin,carbenicilina,carbenicillina,carbenicilline,carbenicillinum,dicarbenicillin,dipenicillin,fugacillin,geopen,gripenin,hyoper,microcillin,piopen,pyocianil,pyoclox,pyopan,pyopen,pyopene"			12	"g"	"18873-0,3434-8,41668-5,59-6,60-4,61-2,62-0"
-"CRN"	93184	"Carindacillin"	"Beta-lactams/penicillins"	"J01CA05,QJ01CA05"	"Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins"	"Penicillins with extended spectrum"	"NA"	"carindacilina,carindacilline,carindacillinsalt,carindacillinum,geocillin,indanylcarbinicillin,urobac"	4	"g"			"NA"
-"CAR"	6540466	"Carumonam"	"Monobactams"	"J01DF02,QJ01DF02"			"NA"	"carumonamum"			2	"g"	"51694-8"
-"CAS"	2826718	"Caspofungin"	"Antifungals/antimycotics"	"J02AX04,QJ02AX04"	"Antimycotics for systemic use"	"Other antimycotics for systemic use"	"casp,caspof"	"cancidas,caspofungina"			50	"mg"	"32378-2,54175-5,54176-3,54185-4,58419-3"
-"CAC"	91562	"Cefacetrile"	"Cephalosporins (1st gen.)"	"J01DB10,QJ01DB10,QJ51DB10"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"First-generation cephalosporins"	"cephac"	"cefacetril,cefacetrilo,cefacetrilum,celospor,cephacetrile,vetrimast"					"55624-1,55625-8,55626-6,55627-4"
-"CEC"	51039	"Cefaclor"	"Cephalosporins (2nd gen.)"	"J01DC04,QJ01DC04"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Second-generation cephalosporins"	"ccl,cec,cefacl,cf,cfac,cfc,cfcl,cfr,fac"	"alenfral,alfacet,alfatil,ceclor,cefachlor,cefaclorum,cefeaclor,cephaclor,compound,distaclor,keflor,kefolor,kefral,keftab,keftid,lilly,lopac,panacef,panoral,raniclor"	1	"g"			"16564-7,18874-8,21149-0,6986-4,83-6,84-4,85-1,86-9"
-"CFR"	47965	"Cefadroxil"	"Cephalosporins (1st gen.)"	"J01DB05,QJ01DB05"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"First-generation cephalosporins"	"cefadr,cfdx,cfr,fad"	"bidocel,cefadrops,cefadroxilo,cefadroxilum,cefradroxil,cefzil,cephadroxil,duracef,duricef,kefroxil,sumacef,ultracef"	2	"g"			"16565-4,18875-5,55628-2,63-8,64-6,65-3,66-1"
-"LEX"	27447	"Cefalexin"	"Cephalosporins (1st gen.)"	"J01DB01,QJ01DB01,QJ51DB01"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"First-generation cephalosporins"	"cepale,cflx"	"adcadina,alcephin,alsporin,ambal,amplex,aristosporin,azabort,bactopenor,beliam,biocef,carnosporin,cefablan,cefacet,cefadal,cefadin,cefadina,cefalekey,cefaleksin,cefalessina,cefalexgobens,cefalexina,cefalexine,cefalexinum,cefalin,cefalival,cefaloto,cefanex,cefaseptin,cefax,ceffanex,cefibacter,ceflax,ceforal,cefovit,celexin,cepastar,cepexin,cephacillin,cephalexine,cephalexinum,cephalobene,cephanasten,cephaxin,cephin,cepol,ceporex,ceporexin,ceporexine,cerexin,cerexins,check,cophalexin,domucef,doriman,durantel,efemida,erocetin,factagard,felexin,fexin,ibilex,ibrexin,inphalex,karilexina,kefalospes,keflet,keflex,kefolan,keforal,kekrinal,kidolex,lafarine,larixin,lenocef,lexibiotico,loisine,lonflex,lopilexin,losporal,madlexin,maksipor,mamalexin,mamlexin,medolexin,medoxine,neokef,neolexina,noveol,novolexin,nufex,optocef,oracef,oriphex,oroxin,ortisporina,ospexin,palitrex,panixine,pectril,prindex,pyassan,rilexine,roceph,rogevil,sanaxin,sartosona,sencephalin,sepexin,servicef,servispor,sialexin,sinthecillin,sintolexyn,sporicef,sporidex,syncl,syncle,synecl,taicelexin,tepaxin,theratrex,tokiolexin,uphalexin,viosporine,voxxim,winlex,zabytrex,zozarine"	2	"g"			"NA"
-"RID"	5773	"Cefaloridine"	"Cephalosporins (1st gen.)"	"J01DB02,QJ01DB02"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"First-generation cephalosporins"	"cefa,ceplor"	"aliporina,ampligram,cefaloridin,cefaloridina,cefaloridinum,cefalorizin,ceflorin,cepaloridin,cepalorin,cephalomycine,cephaloridin,cephaloridine,cephaloridinum,ceporan,ceporin,ceporine,cilifor,deflorin,faredina,floridin,glaxoridin,intrasporin,keflodin,keflordin,kefloridin,kefspor,lloncefal,sasperin,sefacin,verolgin,vioviantine"			3	"g"	"NA"
-"CEP"	6024	"Cefalotin"	"Cephalosporins (1st gen.)"	"J01DB03,QJ01DB03"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"First-generation cephalosporins"	"cephal,cfal,cflt"	"averon,cefalothin,cefalothine,cefalothinsalt,cefalotina,cefalotine,cefalotinsalt,cefalotinum,cemastin,cephalothin,cephalothinsalt,cephalothinum,cephalotin,cephalotinsalt,ceporacin,cepovenin,coaxin,keflin,lospoven,microtin,seffin,synclotin,toricelocin"			4	"g"	"NA"
-"MAN"	456255	"Cefamandole"	"Cephalosporins (2nd gen.)"	"J01DC03,QJ01DC03"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Second-generation cephalosporins"	"cefama,cfam,cfmn"	"cefadole,cefamandol,cefamandolum,cephadole,kefamandol,kefdole,mancef"			6	"g"	"18876-3,3441-3,41669-3,55634-0,55635-7,55636-5,55637-3,67-9,68-7,69-5,70-3"
-"HAP"	30699	"Cefapirin"	"Cephalosporins (1st gen.)"	"J01DB08,QG51AA05,QJ01DB08,QJ51DB08"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"First-generation cephalosporins"	"cephap"	"ambrocef,brisfirina,brisporin,bristocef,cefadyl,cefalak,cefaloject,cefapirina,cefapirine,cefapirinsalt,cefapirinum,cefaprin,cefatrex,cefatrexyl,cephapirin,cephapirine,cephapirinsalt,cephatrexil,cephatrexyl,metricure"			4	"g"	"NA"
-"CTZ"	6410758	"Cefatrizine"	"Cephalosporins (1st gen.)"	"J01DB07,QJ01DB07"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"First-generation cephalosporins"	"cefatr"	"bricef,cefathiamidine,cefatrix,cefatrizino,cefatrizinum,cephatriazine,cepticol,cetrazil,latocef,orosporina,orotric,seapuron,trizina"	1	"g"			"18877-1,55639-9,71-1,72-9,73-7,74-5"
-"CZD"	71736	"Cefazedone"	"Cephalosporins (1st gen.)"	"J01DB06,QJ01DB06"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"First-generation cephalosporins"	"cefaze"	"cefazedon,cefazedona,cefazedonesalt,cefazedonum,refosporen,refosporene,refosporin,refosporinsalt"			3	"g"	"NA"
-"CZO"	33255	"Cefazolin"	"Cephalosporins (1st gen.)"	"J01DB04,QJ01DB04,QJ51DB04"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"First-generation cephalosporins"	"cefazo,cfz,cfzl,cz,czol,faz,kz"	"ancef,atirin,biazolina,cefabiozim,cefacidal,cefalomicina,cefamedin,cefamezin,cefazil,cefazina,cefazolina,cefazoline,cefazolinsalt,cefazolinum,cephamezine,cephazolidin,cephazolin,cephazoline,elzogram,firmacef,gramaxin,kefzol,lampocef,liviclina,neofazol,oprea,recef,totacef,zolicef,zolisint"			3	"g"	"16566-2,18878-9,25235-3,3442-1,3443-9,41670-1,75-2,76-0,77-8,78-6,80962-4,85422-4"
-"CFB"	127527	"Cefbuperazone"	"Other antibacterials"	"J01DC13,QJ01DC13"			"cefbup"	"cefbuperazona,cefbuperazonesalt,cefbuperazonum,cefbuperzaone,cerbuperazone,keiperazon,tomiporan"			2	"g"	"NA"
-"CCP"	6436055	"Cefcapene"	"Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)"	"J01DD17,QJ01DD17"			"cefcap"	"flomox"	0.45	"g"			"100044-7,76143-7"
-"CCX"	5282438	"Cefcapene pivoxil"	"Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)"	"NA"			"NA"	"cefcamate,flumax"					"NA"
-"CDR"	6915944	"Cefdinir"	"Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)"	"J01DD15,QJ01DD15"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Third-generation cephalosporins"	"cd,cdn,cdr,cefdin,cfd,din"	"cefdinirum,cefdinyl,cefdirnir,ceftinex,cefzon,omnicef"	0.6	"g"			"23636-4,23637-2,35757-4,35758-2"
-"DIT"	9870843	"Cefditoren"	"Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)"	"J01DD16,QJ01DD16"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Third-generation cephalosporins"	"cdn,cefdit"	"cefditoreno,spectracef"	0.4	"g"			"35759-0,35760-8,35761-6,35762-4"
-"DIX"	6437877	"Cefditoren pivoxil"	"Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)"	"NA"			"NA"	"cefditorin,meiact,pivaloyloxymethyl"					"NA"
-"FEP"	5479537	"Cefepime"	"Cephalosporins (4th gen.)"	"J01DE01,QJ01DE01"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Fourth-generation cephalosporins"	"cefep4,cefepi,cfep,cfpi,cpe,cpm,fep,pm,xpm"	"anticefepime,axepim,cefepima,cefepimum,maxipime,pyrrolidinium,renapime"			4	"g"	"101502-3,18879-7,31142-3,31143-1,35763-2,38363-8,42350-9,42351-7,42353-3,50631-1,58412-8,6643-1,6644-9,6645-7,6646-5,6987-2,8272-7,8273-5"
-"CFA"		"Cefepime/amikacin"	"Cephalosporins (4th gen.)"	"J01DE51,QJ01DE51"	"Combinations of antibacterials"	"Combinations of antibacterials"	"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
-"CPC"	9567559	"Cefepime/clavulanic acid"	"Cephalosporins (4th gen.)"	"J01DE51,QJ01DE51"			"cefcla,cicl,xpml"	"NA"					"NA"
-"FPE"	23653540	"Cefepime/enmetazobactam"	"Cephalosporins (4th gen.)"	"J01DE51,QJ01DE51"			"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
-"FNC"		"Cefepime/nacubactam"	"Cephalosporins (4th gen.)"	"J01DE51,QJ01DE51"			"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
-"FPT"	9567558	"Cefepime/tazobactam"	"Cephalosporins (4th gen.)"	"J01DE51,QJ01DE51"			"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
-"FPZ"		"Cefepime/zidebactam"	"Cephalosporins (4th gen.)"	"J01DE51,QJ01DE51"			"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
-"CAT"	5487888	"Cefetamet"	"Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)"	"J01DD10,QJ01DD10"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Third-generation cephalosporins"	"cefeta,cefmtm"	"cefetametum,deacetoxycefotaxime,epocelin"	1	"g"			"32377-4,35764-0,35765-7,55640-7"
-"CPI"	5486182	"Cefetamet pivoxil"	"Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)"	"NA"			"NA"	"cefetametpivoxil,cefyl,globocef"					"NA"
-"CCL"	71719688	"Cefetecol"	"Cephalosporins (4th gen.)"	"NA"			"cefcatacol"	"NA"					"NA"
-"CZL"	193956	"Cefetrizole"	"Cephalosporins (unclassified gen.)"	"NA"			"NA"	"cefetrizolum"					"NA"
-"FDC"	77843966	"Cefiderocol"	"Cephalosporins (unclassified gen.)"	"J01DI04,QJ01DI04"			"NA"	"fetcroja"			6	"g"	"95767-0,99280-0,99503-5"
-"CFM"	5362065	"Cefixime"	"Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)"	"J01DD08,QJ01DD08"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Third-generation cephalosporins"	"cefixi,cfe,cfix,cfxm,dcfm,fix,ix"	"cefixim,cefixima,cefiximum,cefixoral,cefspan,cephoral,citropen,denvar,necopen,oraken,oroken,suprax,tricef,unixime"	0.4	"g"			"16567-0,18880-5,25236-1,35766-5,79-4,80-2,81-0,82-8"
-"CEO"		"Cefixime/ornidazole"	"Other antibacterials"	"J01DD58,QJ01DD58"	"Combinations of antibacterials"	"Combinations of antibacterials"	"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
-"CMX"	9570757	"Cefmenoxime"	"Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)"	"J01DD05,QJ01DD05,QS01AA31,QS02AA18,S01AA31,S02AA18"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Third-generation cephalosporins"	"cefmen"	"bestron,cefmenoxima,cefmenoximum,tacef"			2	"g"	"32375-8,54174-8,54203-5,55641-5"
-"CMZ"	42008	"Cefmetazole"	"Cephalosporins (2nd gen.)"	"J01DC09,QJ01DC09"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Second-generation cephalosporins"	"cefmet"	"cefmetazol,cefmetazolo,cefmetazolum,cefmetazon,metafar,zefazone"			4	"g"	"11575-8,18881-3,25222-1,87-7,88-5,89-3,90-1"
-"CNX"	71141	"Cefminox"	"Other antibacterials"	"J01DC12,QJ01DC12"			"cefmin"	"alteporina,cefminoxhydrate,cefminoxum,meicelin,tencef"			4	"g"	"54908-9"
-"DIZ"	5361871	"Cefodizime"	"Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)"	"J01DD09,QJ01DD09"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Third-generation cephalosporins"	"NA"	"cefodizima,cefodizimum,cefodizme,diezime,kenicef,modivid,neucef,timecef"			2	"g"	"18882-1,6988-0,91-9,92-7,93-5,94-3"
-"CID"	43594	"Cefonicid"	"Cephalosporins (2nd gen.)"	"J01DC06,QJ01DC06"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Second-generation cephalosporins"	"cefoni"	"cefonicide,cefonicido,cefonicidsalt,cefonicidum,monocef,monocid"			1	"g"	"18883-9,25237-9,3444-7,55642-3,95-0,96-8,97-6,98-4"
-"CFP"	44187	"Cefoperazone"	"Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)"	"J01DD12,QJ01DD12,QJ51DD12"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Third-generation cephalosporins"	"cefope,cfp,cfpz,cp,cpz,fop,per"	"bioperazone,cefob,cefobid,cefobis,cefoneg,cefoper,cefoperazin,cefoperazine,cefoperazon,cefoperazona,cefoperazonesalt,cefoperazono,cefoperazonum,cefozon,medocef,myticef,pathozone,peracef,tomabef"			4	"g"	"100-8,101-6,102-4,18884-7,3445-4,35767-3,35768-1,54166-4,54167-2,54168-0,99-2"
-"CSL"		"Cefoperazone/sulbactam"	"Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)"	"J01DD62,QJ01DD62"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Third-generation cephalosporins"	"fopsul"	"NA"			4	"g"	"35768-1,54166-4,54167-2,54168-0"
-"CND"	43507	"Ceforanide"	"Cephalosporins (2nd gen.)"	"J01DC11,QJ01DC11"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Second-generation cephalosporins"	"cefora"	"ceforanido,ceforanidum,precef"			4	"g"	"103-2,104-0,105-7,106-5,18885-4,55643-1"
-"CSE"	9830519	"Cefoselis"	"Cephalosporins (4th gen.)"	"NA"			"cefose"	"winsef"					"NA"
-"CTX"	5742673	"Cefotaxime"	"Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)"	"J01DD01,QJ01DD01"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Third-generation cephalosporins"	"cefo32,cefota,cfot,cft,cftx,ct,ctx,fot,fot1,tax,taxmen,taxnme,xct"	"anticefotaxime,cefotax,cefotaxim,cefotaxima,cefotaximesalt,cefotaximsalt,cefotaximum,cephotaxim,cephotaxime,claforan,kefotex,omnatax,pretor,ralopar,tolycar,tolycor,zariviz"			4	"g"	"101479-4,101480-2,107-3,108-1,109-9,110-7,18886-2,25238-7,31138-1,31139-9,3446-2,35769-9,35770-7,35771-5,41671-9,50632-9,52128-6,54191-2,54192-0,54193-8,55189-5,55644-9,6989-8,80961-6"
-"CTX-S"		"Cefotaxime screening test"	"Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)"	"NA"			"ctx screen"	"NA"					"NA"
-"CTC"	9575353	"Cefotaxime/clavulanic acid"	"Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)"	"J01DD51,QJ01DD51"			"cxcl,taxcla,xctl"	"NA"					"NA"
-"CTS"	9574753	"Cefotaxime/sulbactam"	"Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)"	"J01DD51,QJ01DD51"			"NA"	"NA"					"54191-2,54192-0,54193-8,55644-9"
-"CTT"	53025	"Cefotetan"	"Cephalosporins (2nd gen.)"	"J01DC05,QJ01DC05"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Second-generation cephalosporins"	"cefote,cftt,cn,cte,ctn,ctt,tans"	"apacef,apatef,cefotetanum"			4	"g"	"111-5,112-3,113-1,114-9,18887-0,25239-5,3447-0,41672-7,41673-5,41674-3,41729-5,6990-6"
-"CTF"	43708	"Cefotiam"	"Cephalosporins (2nd gen.)"	"J01DC07,QJ01DC07"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Second-generation cephalosporins"	"cefoti"	"aspil,cefotiamum,ceradon,halospor,pansporin,pansporine,spizef"	1.2	"g"	4	"g"	"32374-1,35772-3,35773-1,55645-6,55737-1,55738-9,55739-7,55740-5"
-"CHE"	125846	"Cefotiam hexetil"	"Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)"	"NA"			"NA"	"taketiam,texodil"					"55737-1,55738-9,55739-7,55740-5"
-"FOV"	9578573	"Cefovecin"	"Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)"	"QJ01DD91"			"cefove"	"cefovecinsalt,convenia"					"76147-8,87792-8"
-"FOX"	441199	"Cefoxitin"	"Cephalosporins (2nd gen.)"	"J01DC01,QJ01DC01"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Second-generation cephalosporins"	"cefoxi,cfox,cfx,cfxt,cx,fox,fx"	"betacef,cefoxil,cefoxitina,cefoxitine,cefoxitinsalt,cefoxitinum,cefoxotin,cenomycin,farmoxin,mefoxin,mefoxithin,mefoxitin,merxin,rephoxitin"			6	"g"	"101492-7,115-6,116-4,117-2,118-0,18888-8,25220-5,25240-3,25366-6,3448-8,41675-0,41676-8,41677-6,41730-3,6991-4"
-"FOX-S"		"Cefoxitin screening test"	"Cephalosporins (2nd gen.)"	"NA"			"cfsc,fox1"	"NA"					"NA"
-"ZOP"	9571080	"Cefozopran"	"Cephalosporins (4th gen.)"	"J01DE03,QJ01DE03"			"cefozo"	"firstcin,imidazo"			4	"g"	"100045-4,53820-7"
-"CFZ"	68597	"Cefpimizole"	"Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)"	"NA"			"cefpim"	"ajicef,cefpimizol,cefpimizolesalt,cefpimizolum,renilan"					"NA"
-"CPM"	636405	"Cefpiramide"	"Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)"	"J01DD11,QJ01DD11"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Third-generation cephalosporins"	"cefpam"	"cefpiramida,cefpiramidesalt,cefpiramido,cefpiramidum,sepatren,suncefal"			2	"g"	"NA"
-"CPO"	5479539	"Cefpirome"	"Cephalosporins (4th gen.)"	"J01DE02,QJ01DE02"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Fourth-generation cephalosporins"	"cefpom,cfpr"	"broact,cefir,cefpiroma,cefpiromum,cefrom,keiten,romecef"			4	"g"	"18889-6,6647-3,6648-1,6649-9,6650-6,6992-2,8274-3,8275-0,8276-8"
-"CPD"	6335986	"Cefpodoxime"	"Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)"	"J01DD13,QJ01DD13"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Third-generation cephalosporins"	"cefpod,cfpd,cfpo,cpd,pod,pod4,px"	"cefpodoxima,cefpodoximum,epoxim"	0.4	"g"			"119-8,120-6,121-4,122-2,18890-4,25241-1,41678-4,41679-2,41680-0,41731-1,6993-0,90849-1"
-"CPX"	6526396	"Cefpodoxime proxetil"	"Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)"	"NA"			"NA"	"banan,cefodox,cefoprox,cefpoderm,cefpodoximproxetil,cepodem,doxef,orelox,otreon,podomexef,simplicef,vantin"					"NA"
-"CDC"		"Cefpodoxime/clavulanic acid"	"Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)"	"J01DD64,QJ01DD64"			"cecl,podcla"	"NA"	0.4	"g"			"NA"
-"CPR"	5281006	"Cefprozil"	"Cephalosporins (2nd gen.)"	"J01DC10,QJ01DC10"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Second-generation cephalosporins"	"cefpro,cpr,cpz,fp"	"arzimol,brisoral,cefprozilo,cefprozilum,cronocef,procef,serozil"	1	"g"			"123-0,124-8,125-5,126-3,18891-2,6994-8"
-"CEQ"	5464355	"Cefquinome"	"Cephalosporins (4th gen.)"	"QG51AA07,QJ01DE90,QJ51DE90"			"cefqui"	"cefquinoma,cefquinomum,cobactan,quinolinium"					"100046-2,76150-2"
-"CRD"	5284529	"Cefroxadine"	"Cephalosporins (1st gen.)"	"J01DB11,QJ01DB11"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"First-generation cephalosporins"	"ceftix"	"cefroxadin,cefroxadino,cefroxadinum,oraspor"	2.1	"g"			"NA"
-"CFS"	656575	"Cefsulodin"	"Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)"	"J01DD03,QJ01DD03"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Third-generation cephalosporins"	"cefsul,cfsl,cfsu"	"cefomonil,cefonomil,cefsulodine,cefsulodinhydrate,cefsulodino,cefsulodinum,pseudocef,pseudomonil,pyocefal,sulcephalosporin,takesulin,tilmapor,ulfaret"			4	"g"	"127-1,128-9,129-7,130-5,131-3,18892-0,25242-9,55647-2"
-"CSU"	68718	"Cefsumide"	"Cephalosporins (unclassified gen.)"	"NA"			"NA"	"cefsulmid,cefsumido,cefsumidum"					"NA"
-"CPT"	56841980	"Ceftaroline"	"Cephalosporins (5th gen.)"	"J01DI02,QJ01DI02"			"ceftar,cfro"	"ceftaroine,teflaro,zinforo"					"73604-1,73605-8,73626-4,73627-2,73649-6,73650-4,74170-2"
-"CPA"		"Ceftaroline/avibactam"	"Cephalosporins (5th gen.)"	"NA"			"NA"	"NA"					"73604-1,73626-4,73649-6"
-"CAZ"	5481173	"Ceftazidime"	"Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)"	"J01DD02,QJ01DD02"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Third-generation cephalosporins"	"caz,cefta,ceftaz,cfta,cftz,taz,tz,xtz"	"ceftazimide,ceptaz,fortam,fortaz,fortum,glazidim,kefazim,modacin,pentacef,tazicef,tizime"			4	"g"	"101481-0,101482-8,101483-6,132-1,133-9,134-7,135-4,18893-8,21151-6,3449-6,35774-9,35775-6,35776-4,42352-5,55648-0,55649-8,55650-6,55651-4,58705-5,6995-5,73603-3,73625-6,73648-8,80960-8,87734-0,90850-9"
-"CZA"	90643431	"Ceftazidime/avibactam"	"Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)"	"J01DD52,QJ01DD52"			"cfav"	"avycaz,zavicefta"			6	"g"	"101483-6,73603-3,73625-6,73648-8,87734-0"
-"CCV"	9575352	"Ceftazidime/clavulanic acid"	"Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)"	"J01DD52,QJ01DD52"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Third-generation cephalosporins"	"czcl,tazcla,xtzl"	"NA"			6	"g"	"NA"
-"CEM"	6537431	"Cefteram"	"Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)"	"J01DD18,QJ01DD18"			"cefter"	"cefterame,cefteramum,ceftetrame"	0.4	"g"			"100047-0,76144-5"
-"CPL"	5362114	"Cefteram pivoxil"	"Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)"	"NA"			"NA"	"cefterampivoxil,tomiron"					"NA"
-"CTL"	65755	"Ceftezole"	"Cephalosporins (1st gen.)"	"J01DB12,QJ01DB12"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"First-generation cephalosporins"	"ceftez"	"alomen,ceftezol,ceftezolesalt,ceftezolo,ceftezolum,celoslin,demethylcefazolin,falomesin"			3	"g"	"NA"
-"CTB"	5282242	"Ceftibuten"	"Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)"	"J01DD14,QJ01DD14"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Third-generation cephalosporins"	"cb,ceftib,cfbu,ctb,tib"	"cedax,ceftem,ceftibutene,ceftibuteno,ceftibutenum,ceftibutin,ceprifran,isocef,keimax,seftem"	0.4	"g"			"35777-2,35778-0,35779-8,6996-3"
-"TIO"	6328657	"Ceftiofur"	"Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)"	"QJ01DD90,QJ51DD90"			"ceftif"	"ceftiofurum,excenel,naxcel"					"23709-9,35780-6,35781-4,55652-2"
-"CZX"	6533629	"Ceftizoxime"	"Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)"	"J01DD07,QJ01DD07"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Third-generation cephalosporins"	"ceftiz,cfzx,ctz,cz,czx,tiz,zox"	"cefizox,ceftix,ceftizoxima,ceftizoximesalt,ceftizoximum,eposerin"			4	"g"	"136-2,137-0,138-8,139-6,18894-6,20378-6,23622-4,25243-7,3450-4,6997-1"
-"CZP"	9578661	"Ceftizoxime alapivoxil"	"Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)"	"NA"			"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
-"BPR"	135413542	"Ceftobiprole"	"Cephalosporins (5th gen.)"	"NA"			"ceftob"	"NA"					"43269-0,43270-8,43271-6,43272-4,85052-9"
-"CFM1"	135413544	"Ceftobiprole medocaril"	"Cephalosporins (5th gen.)"	"J01DI01,QJ01DI01"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Other cephalosporins and penems"	"NA"	"zevtera"			1.5	"g"	"NA"
-"CZT"	86291594	"Ceftolozane/tazobactam"	"Cephalosporins (5th gen.)"	"J01DI54,QJ01DI54"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Other cephalosporins and penems"	"cei"	"zerbaxa"			3	"g"	"101484-4,73602-5,73624-9,73647-0,87735-7"
-"CRO"	5479530	"Ceftriaxone"	"Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)"	"J01DD04,QJ01DD04"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Third-generation cephalosporins"	"axo,cax,ceftri,cftr,cro,ctr,frx,trimen,trinme,tx"	"biotrakson,ceftriaxon,ceftriaxona,ceftriaxonum,ceftriazone,rocefin,rocephalin,rocephin,rocephine,rophex"			2	"g"	"101485-1,140-4,141-2,142-0,143-8,18895-3,25244-5,25367-4,31140-7,31141-5,3451-2,41681-8,41682-6,41683-4,41732-9,50633-7,55190-3,6998-9,80957-4"
-"CEB"		"Ceftriaxone/beta-lactamase inhibitor"	"Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)"	"J01DD63,QJ01DD63"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Third-generation cephalosporins"	"NA"	"NA"			2	"g"	"NA"
-"CXM"	5479529	"Cefuroxime"	"Cephalosporins (2nd gen.)"	"J01DC02,QJ01DC02,QJ51DC02,QS01AA27,S01AA27"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Second-generation cephalosporins"	"cefaxe,cefrox,cefuro,cfrx,cfur,cfx,crm,cxm,fur,rox,xm"	"anaptivan,biociclin,biofuroksym,bioxima,cefofix,cefumax,cefurex,cefuril,cefurox,cefuroxim,cefuroxima,cefuroximesalt,cefuroximine,cefuroximo,cefuroximum,cephuroxime,cetroxil,colifossim,curoxim,curoxima,curoxime,froxal,furoxil,kefurox,kesint,ketocef,lifurox,medoxim,sharox,spectrazolr,ultroxim,zinacef,zinnat"	0.5	"g"	3	"g"	"101503-1,144-6,145-3,146-1,147-9,18896-1,20460-2,25245-2,3452-0,35782-2,35783-0,51724-3,51774-8,55653-0,55654-8,6999-7,74699-0,80608-3,80617-4"
-"CXA"	6321416	"Cefuroxime axetil"	"Cephalosporins (2nd gen.)"	"NA"			"cfax"	"bioracef,ceftin,cefurax,cefuroximaxetil,celocid,cepazine,cethixim,cetoxil,coliofossim,curocef,elobact,kalcef,maxitil,medoxm,nivador,novador,novocef,oraxim,zinat,zoref"					"NA"
-"CFM2"		"Cefuroxime/metronidazole"	"Other antibacterials"	"J01DC52,QJ01DC52"	"Combinations of antibacterials"	"Combinations of antibacterials"	"NA"	"NA"	0.5	"g"			"NA"
-"ZON"	6336505	"Cefuzonam"	"Other antibacterials"	"NA"			"cefuzo"	"cefuzoname,cefuzonamum,cefzoname,cosmosin"					"NA"
-"CED"	38103	"Cephradine"	"Cephalosporins (1st gen.)"	"NA"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"First-generation cephalosporins"	"cephra,cfra,cfrd"	"anspor,cefradin,cefradina,cefradine,cefradinum,cekodin,cephradin,ecosporina,eskacef,infexin,megacef,sefril,velocef,velosef"					"168-5,169-3,170-1,171-9,18902-7,55646-4"
+"CRB"	20824	"Carbenicillin"	"Penicillins,Beta-lactams"	"J01CA03,QJ01CA03"	"Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins"	"Penicillins with extended spectrum"	"bar,carb,carben,cb"	"anabactyl,carbecin,carbenicilina,carbenicillina,carbenicilline,carbenicillinum,dicarbenicillin,dipenicillin,fugacillin,geopen,gripenin,hyoper,microcillin,piopen,pyocianil,pyoclox,pyopan,pyopen,pyopene"			12	"g"	"18873-0,3434-8,41668-5,59-6,60-4,61-2,62-0"
+"CRN"	93184	"Carindacillin"	"Penicillins,Beta-lactams"	"J01CA05,QJ01CA05"	"Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins"	"Penicillins with extended spectrum"	"NA"	"carindacilina,carindacilline,carindacillinsalt,carindacillinum,geocillin,indanylcarbinicillin,urobac"	4	"g"			"NA"
+"CAR"	6540466	"Carumonam"	"Monobactams,Beta-lactams"	"J01DF02,QJ01DF02"			"NA"	"carumonamum"			2	"g"	"51694-8"
+"CAS"	2826718	"Caspofungin"	"Antifungals"	"J02AX04,QJ02AX04"	"Antimycotics for systemic use"	"Other antimycotics for systemic use"	"casp,caspof"	"cancidas,caspofungina"			50	"mg"	"32378-2,54175-5,54176-3,54185-4,58419-3"
+"CAC"	91562	"Cefacetrile"	"Cephalosporins (1st gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams"	"J01DB10,QJ01DB10,QJ51DB10"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"First-generation cephalosporins"	"cephac"	"cefacetril,cefacetrilo,cefacetrilum,celospor,cephacetrile,vetrimast"					"55624-1,55625-8,55626-6,55627-4"
+"CEC"	51039	"Cefaclor"	"Cephalosporins (2nd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams"	"J01DC04,QJ01DC04"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Second-generation cephalosporins"	"ccl,cec,cefacl,cf,cfac,cfc,cfcl,cfr,fac"	"alenfral,alfacet,alfatil,ceclor,cefachlor,cefaclorum,cefeaclor,cephaclor,compound,distaclor,keflor,kefolor,kefral,keftab,keftid,lilly,lopac,panacef,panoral,raniclor"	1	"g"			"16564-7,18874-8,21149-0,6986-4,83-6,84-4,85-1,86-9"
+"CFR"	47965	"Cefadroxil"	"Cephalosporins (1st gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams"	"J01DB05,QJ01DB05"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"First-generation cephalosporins"	"cefadr,cfdx,cfr,fad"	"bidocel,cefadrops,cefadroxilo,cefadroxilum,cefradroxil,cefzil,cephadroxil,duracef,duricef,kefroxil,sumacef,ultracef"	2	"g"			"16565-4,18875-5,55628-2,63-8,64-6,65-3,66-1"
+"LEX"	27447	"Cefalexin"	"Cephalosporins (1st gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams"	"J01DB01,QJ01DB01,QJ51DB01"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"First-generation cephalosporins"	"cepale,cflx"	"adcadina,alcephin,alsporin,ambal,amplex,aristosporin,azabort,bactopenor,beliam,biocef,carnosporin,cefablan,cefacet,cefadal,cefadin,cefadina,cefalekey,cefaleksin,cefalessina,cefalexgobens,cefalexina,cefalexine,cefalexinum,cefalin,cefalival,cefaloto,cefanex,cefaseptin,cefax,ceffanex,cefibacter,ceflax,ceforal,cefovit,celexin,cepastar,cepexin,cephacillin,cephalexine,cephalexinum,cephalobene,cephanasten,cephaxin,cephin,cepol,ceporex,ceporexin,ceporexine,cerexin,cerexins,check,cophalexin,domucef,doriman,durantel,efemida,erocetin,factagard,felexin,fexin,ibilex,ibrexin,inphalex,karilexina,kefalospes,keflet,keflex,kefolan,keforal,kekrinal,kidolex,lafarine,larixin,lenocef,lexibiotico,loisine,lonflex,lopilexin,losporal,madlexin,maksipor,mamalexin,mamlexin,medolexin,medoxine,neokef,neolexina,noveol,novolexin,nufex,optocef,oracef,oriphex,oroxin,ortisporina,ospexin,palitrex,panixine,pectril,prindex,pyassan,rilexine,roceph,rogevil,sanaxin,sartosona,sencephalin,sepexin,servicef,servispor,sialexin,sinthecillin,sintolexyn,sporicef,sporidex,syncl,syncle,synecl,taicelexin,tepaxin,theratrex,tokiolexin,uphalexin,viosporine,voxxim,winlex,zabytrex,zozarine"	2	"g"			"NA"
+"RID"	5773	"Cefaloridine"	"Cephalosporins (1st gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams"	"J01DB02,QJ01DB02"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"First-generation cephalosporins"	"cefa,ceplor"	"aliporina,ampligram,cefaloridin,cefaloridina,cefaloridinum,cefalorizin,ceflorin,cepaloridin,cepalorin,cephalomycine,cephaloridin,cephaloridine,cephaloridinum,ceporan,ceporin,ceporine,cilifor,deflorin,faredina,floridin,glaxoridin,intrasporin,keflodin,keflordin,kefloridin,kefspor,lloncefal,sasperin,sefacin,verolgin,vioviantine"			3	"g"	"NA"
+"CEP"	6024	"Cefalotin"	"Cephalosporins (1st gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams"	"J01DB03,QJ01DB03"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"First-generation cephalosporins"	"cephal,cfal,cflt"	"averon,cefalothin,cefalothine,cefalothinsalt,cefalotina,cefalotine,cefalotinsalt,cefalotinum,cemastin,cephalothin,cephalothinsalt,cephalothinum,cephalotin,cephalotinsalt,ceporacin,cepovenin,coaxin,keflin,lospoven,microtin,seffin,synclotin,toricelocin"			4	"g"	"NA"
+"MAN"	456255	"Cefamandole"	"Cephalosporins (2nd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams"	"J01DC03,QJ01DC03"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Second-generation cephalosporins"	"cefama,cfam,cfmn"	"cefadole,cefamandol,cefamandolum,cephadole,kefamandol,kefdole,mancef"			6	"g"	"18876-3,3441-3,41669-3,55634-0,55635-7,55636-5,55637-3,67-9,68-7,69-5,70-3"
+"HAP"	30699	"Cefapirin"	"Cephalosporins (1st gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams"	"J01DB08,QG51AA05,QJ01DB08,QJ51DB08"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"First-generation cephalosporins"	"cephap"	"ambrocef,brisfirina,brisporin,bristocef,cefadyl,cefalak,cefaloject,cefapirina,cefapirine,cefapirinsalt,cefapirinum,cefaprin,cefatrex,cefatrexyl,cephapirin,cephapirine,cephapirinsalt,cephatrexil,cephatrexyl,metricure"			4	"g"	"NA"
+"CTZ"	6410758	"Cefatrizine"	"Cephalosporins (1st gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams"	"J01DB07,QJ01DB07"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"First-generation cephalosporins"	"cefatr"	"bricef,cefathiamidine,cefatrix,cefatrizino,cefatrizinum,cephatriazine,cepticol,cetrazil,latocef,orosporina,orotric,seapuron,trizina"	1	"g"			"18877-1,55639-9,71-1,72-9,73-7,74-5"
+"CZD"	71736	"Cefazedone"	"Cephalosporins (1st gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams"	"J01DB06,QJ01DB06"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"First-generation cephalosporins"	"cefaze"	"cefazedon,cefazedona,cefazedonesalt,cefazedonum,refosporen,refosporene,refosporin,refosporinsalt"			3	"g"	"NA"
+"CZO"	33255	"Cefazolin"	"Cephalosporins (1st gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams"	"J01DB04,QJ01DB04,QJ51DB04"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"First-generation cephalosporins"	"cefazo,cfz,cfzl,cz,czol,faz,kz"	"ancef,atirin,biazolina,cefabiozim,cefacidal,cefalomicina,cefamedin,cefamezin,cefazil,cefazina,cefazolina,cefazoline,cefazolinsalt,cefazolinum,cephamezine,cephazolidin,cephazolin,cephazoline,elzogram,firmacef,gramaxin,kefzol,lampocef,liviclina,neofazol,oprea,recef,totacef,zolicef,zolisint"			3	"g"	"16566-2,18878-9,25235-3,3442-1,3443-9,41670-1,75-2,76-0,77-8,78-6,80962-4,85422-4"
+"CFB"	127527	"Cefbuperazone"	"Other"	"J01DC13,QJ01DC13"			"cefbup"	"cefbuperazona,cefbuperazonesalt,cefbuperazonum,cefbuperzaone,cerbuperazone,keiperazon,tomiporan"			2	"g"	"NA"
+"CCP"	6436055	"Cefcapene"	"Cephalosporins (3rd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams"	"J01DD17,QJ01DD17"			"cefcap"	"flomox"	0.45	"g"			"100044-7,76143-7"
+"CCX"	5282438	"Cefcapene pivoxil"	"Cephalosporins (3rd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams"	"NA"			"NA"	"cefcamate,flumax"					"NA"
+"CDR"	6915944	"Cefdinir"	"Cephalosporins (3rd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams"	"J01DD15,QJ01DD15"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Third-generation cephalosporins"	"cd,cdn,cdr,cefdin,cfd,din"	"cefdinirum,cefdinyl,cefdirnir,ceftinex,cefzon,omnicef"	0.6	"g"			"23636-4,23637-2,35757-4,35758-2"
+"DIT"	9870843	"Cefditoren"	"Cephalosporins (3rd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams"	"J01DD16,QJ01DD16"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Third-generation cephalosporins"	"cdn,cefdit"	"cefditoreno,spectracef"	0.4	"g"			"35759-0,35760-8,35761-6,35762-4"
+"DIX"	6437877	"Cefditoren pivoxil"	"Cephalosporins (3rd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams"	"NA"			"NA"	"cefditorin,meiact,pivaloyloxymethyl"					"NA"
+"FEP"	5479537	"Cefepime"	"Cephalosporins (4th gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams"	"J01DE01,QJ01DE01"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Fourth-generation cephalosporins"	"cefep4,cefepi,cfep,cfpi,cpe,cpm,fep,pm,xpm"	"anticefepime,axepim,cefepima,cefepimum,maxipime,pyrrolidinium,renapime"			4	"g"	"101502-3,18879-7,31142-3,31143-1,35763-2,38363-8,42350-9,42351-7,42353-3,50631-1,58412-8,6643-1,6644-9,6645-7,6646-5,6987-2,8272-7,8273-5"
+"CFA"		"Cefepime/amikacin"	"Cephalosporins (4th gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams"	"J01DE51,QJ01DE51"	"Combinations of antibacterials"	"Combinations of antibacterials"	"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
+"CPC"	9567559	"Cefepime/clavulanic acid"	"Cephalosporins (4th gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams"	"J01DE51,QJ01DE51"			"cefcla,cicl,xpml"	"NA"					"NA"
+"FPE"	23653540	"Cefepime/enmetazobactam"	"Cephalosporins (4th gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams,Beta-lactamase inhibitors"	"J01DE51,QJ01DE51"			"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
+"FNC"		"Cefepime/nacubactam"	"Cephalosporins (4th gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams,Beta-lactamase inhibitors"	"J01DE51,QJ01DE51"			"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
+"FTA"		"Cefepime/taniborbactam"	"Cephalosporins (4th gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams,Beta-lactamase inhibitors"	"J01DE51,QJ01DE51"			"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
+"FPT"	9567558	"Cefepime/tazobactam"	"Cephalosporins (4th gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams,Beta-lactamase inhibitors"	"J01DE51,QJ01DE51"			"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
+"FPZ"		"Cefepime/zidebactam"	"Cephalosporins (4th gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams,Beta-lactamase inhibitors"	"J01DE51,QJ01DE51"			"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
+"CAT"	5487888	"Cefetamet"	"Cephalosporins (3rd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams"	"J01DD10,QJ01DD10"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Third-generation cephalosporins"	"cefeta,cefmtm"	"cefetametum,deacetoxycefotaxime,epocelin"	1	"g"			"32377-4,35764-0,35765-7,55640-7"
+"CPI"	5486182	"Cefetamet pivoxil"	"Cephalosporins (3rd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams"	"NA"			"NA"	"cefetametpivoxil,cefyl,globocef"					"NA"
+"CCL"	71719688	"Cefetecol"	"Cephalosporins (4th gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams"	"NA"			"cefcatacol"	"NA"					"NA"
+"CZL"	193956	"Cefetrizole"	"Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams"	"NA"			"NA"	"cefetrizolum"					"NA"
+"FDC"	77843966	"Cefiderocol"	"Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams"	"J01DI04,QJ01DI04"			"NA"	"fetcroja"			6	"g"	"95767-0,99280-0,99503-5"
+"CFM"	5362065	"Cefixime"	"Cephalosporins (3rd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams"	"J01DD08,QJ01DD08"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Third-generation cephalosporins"	"cefixi,cfe,cfix,cfxm,dcfm,fix,ix"	"cefixim,cefixima,cefiximum,cefixoral,cefspan,cephoral,citropen,denvar,necopen,oraken,oroken,suprax,tricef,unixime"	0.4	"g"			"16567-0,18880-5,25236-1,35766-5,79-4,80-2,81-0,82-8"
+"CEO"		"Cefixime/ornidazole"	"Other"	"J01DD58,QJ01DD58"	"Combinations of antibacterials"	"Combinations of antibacterials"	"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
+"CMX"	9570757	"Cefmenoxime"	"Cephalosporins (3rd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams"	"J01DD05,QJ01DD05,QS01AA31,QS02AA18,S01AA31,S02AA18"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Third-generation cephalosporins"	"cefmen"	"bestron,cefmenoxima,cefmenoximum,tacef"			2	"g"	"32375-8,54174-8,54203-5,55641-5"
+"CMZ"	42008	"Cefmetazole"	"Cephalosporins (2nd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams"	"J01DC09,QJ01DC09"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Second-generation cephalosporins"	"cefmet"	"cefmetazol,cefmetazolo,cefmetazolum,cefmetazon,metafar,zefazone"			4	"g"	"11575-8,18881-3,25222-1,87-7,88-5,89-3,90-1"
+"CNX"	71141	"Cefminox"	"Other"	"J01DC12,QJ01DC12"			"cefmin"	"alteporina,cefminoxhydrate,cefminoxum,meicelin,tencef"			4	"g"	"54908-9"
+"DIZ"	5361871	"Cefodizime"	"Cephalosporins (3rd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams"	"J01DD09,QJ01DD09"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Third-generation cephalosporins"	"NA"	"cefodizima,cefodizimum,cefodizme,diezime,kenicef,modivid,neucef,timecef"			2	"g"	"18882-1,6988-0,91-9,92-7,93-5,94-3"
+"CID"	43594	"Cefonicid"	"Cephalosporins (2nd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams"	"J01DC06,QJ01DC06"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Second-generation cephalosporins"	"cefoni"	"cefonicide,cefonicido,cefonicidsalt,cefonicidum,monocef,monocid"			1	"g"	"18883-9,25237-9,3444-7,55642-3,95-0,96-8,97-6,98-4"
+"CFP"	44187	"Cefoperazone"	"Cephalosporins (3rd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams"	"J01DD12,QJ01DD12,QJ51DD12"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Third-generation cephalosporins"	"cefope,cfp,cfpz,cp,cpz,fop,per"	"bioperazone,cefob,cefobid,cefobis,cefoneg,cefoper,cefoperazin,cefoperazine,cefoperazon,cefoperazona,cefoperazonesalt,cefoperazono,cefoperazonum,cefozon,medocef,myticef,pathozone,peracef,tomabef"			4	"g"	"100-8,101-6,102-4,18884-7,3445-4,35767-3,35768-1,54166-4,54167-2,54168-0,99-2"
+"CSL"		"Cefoperazone/sulbactam"	"Cephalosporins (3rd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams,Beta-lactamase inhibitors"	"J01DD62,QJ01DD62"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Third-generation cephalosporins"	"fopsul"	"NA"			4	"g"	"35768-1,54166-4,54167-2,54168-0"
+"CND"	43507	"Ceforanide"	"Cephalosporins (2nd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams"	"J01DC11,QJ01DC11"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Second-generation cephalosporins"	"cefora"	"ceforanido,ceforanidum,precef"			4	"g"	"103-2,104-0,105-7,106-5,18885-4,55643-1"
+"CSE"	9830519	"Cefoselis"	"Cephalosporins (4th gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams"	"NA"			"cefose"	"winsef"					"NA"
+"CTX"	5742673	"Cefotaxime"	"Cephalosporins (3rd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams"	"J01DD01,QJ01DD01"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Third-generation cephalosporins"	"cefo32,cefota,cfot,cft,cftx,ct,ctx,fot,fot1,tax,taxmen,taxnme,xct"	"anticefotaxime,cefotax,cefotaxim,cefotaxima,cefotaximesalt,cefotaximsalt,cefotaximum,cephotaxim,cephotaxime,claforan,kefotex,omnatax,pretor,ralopar,tolycar,tolycor,zariviz"			4	"g"	"101479-4,101480-2,107-3,108-1,109-9,110-7,18886-2,25238-7,31138-1,31139-9,3446-2,35769-9,35770-7,35771-5,41671-9,50632-9,52128-6,54191-2,54192-0,54193-8,55189-5,55644-9,6989-8,80961-6"
+"CTX-S"		"Cefotaxime screening test"	"Cephalosporins (3rd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams"	"NA"			"ctx screen"	"NA"					"NA"
+"CTC"	9575353	"Cefotaxime/clavulanic acid"	"Cephalosporins (3rd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams"	"J01DD51,QJ01DD51"			"cxcl,taxcla,xctl"	"NA"					"NA"
+"CTS"	9574753	"Cefotaxime/sulbactam"	"Cephalosporins (3rd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams,Beta-lactamase inhibitors"	"J01DD51,QJ01DD51"			"NA"	"NA"					"54191-2,54192-0,54193-8,55644-9"
+"CTT"	53025	"Cefotetan"	"Cephalosporins (2nd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams"	"J01DC05,QJ01DC05"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Second-generation cephalosporins"	"cefote,cftt,cn,cte,ctn,ctt,tans"	"apacef,apatef,cefotetanum"			4	"g"	"111-5,112-3,113-1,114-9,18887-0,25239-5,3447-0,41672-7,41673-5,41674-3,41729-5,6990-6"
+"CTF"	43708	"Cefotiam"	"Cephalosporins (2nd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams"	"J01DC07,QJ01DC07"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Second-generation cephalosporins"	"cefoti"	"aspil,cefotiamum,ceradon,halospor,pansporin,pansporine,spizef"	1.2	"g"	4	"g"	"32374-1,35772-3,35773-1,55645-6,55737-1,55738-9,55739-7,55740-5"
+"CHE"	125846	"Cefotiam hexetil"	"Cephalosporins (3rd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams"	"NA"			"NA"	"taketiam,texodil"					"55737-1,55738-9,55739-7,55740-5"
+"FOV"	9578573	"Cefovecin"	"Cephalosporins (3rd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams"	"QJ01DD91"			"cefove"	"cefovecinsalt,convenia"					"76147-8,87792-8"
+"FOX"	441199	"Cefoxitin"	"Cephalosporins (2nd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams"	"J01DC01,QJ01DC01"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Second-generation cephalosporins"	"cefoxi,cfox,cfx,cfxt,cx,fox,fx"	"betacef,cefoxil,cefoxitina,cefoxitine,cefoxitinsalt,cefoxitinum,cefoxotin,cenomycin,farmoxin,mefoxin,mefoxithin,mefoxitin,merxin,rephoxitin"			6	"g"	"101492-7,115-6,116-4,117-2,118-0,18888-8,25220-5,25240-3,25366-6,3448-8,41675-0,41676-8,41677-6,41730-3,6991-4"
+"FOX-S"		"Cefoxitin screening test"	"Cephalosporins (2nd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams"	"NA"			"cfsc,fox1"	"NA"					"NA"
+"ZOP"	9571080	"Cefozopran"	"Cephalosporins (4th gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams"	"J01DE03,QJ01DE03"			"cefozo"	"firstcin,imidazo"			4	"g"	"100045-4,53820-7"
+"CFZ"	68597	"Cefpimizole"	"Cephalosporins (3rd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams"	"NA"			"cefpim"	"ajicef,cefpimizol,cefpimizolesalt,cefpimizolum,renilan"					"NA"
+"CPM"	636405	"Cefpiramide"	"Cephalosporins (3rd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams"	"J01DD11,QJ01DD11"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Third-generation cephalosporins"	"cefpam"	"cefpiramida,cefpiramidesalt,cefpiramido,cefpiramidum,sepatren,suncefal"			2	"g"	"NA"
+"CPO"	5479539	"Cefpirome"	"Cephalosporins (4th gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams"	"J01DE02,QJ01DE02"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Fourth-generation cephalosporins"	"cefpom,cfpr"	"broact,cefir,cefpiroma,cefpiromum,cefrom,keiten,romecef"			4	"g"	"18889-6,6647-3,6648-1,6649-9,6650-6,6992-2,8274-3,8275-0,8276-8"
+"CPD"	6335986	"Cefpodoxime"	"Cephalosporins (3rd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams"	"J01DD13,QJ01DD13"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Third-generation cephalosporins"	"cefpod,cfpd,cfpo,cpd,pod,pod4,px"	"cefpodoxima,cefpodoximum,epoxim"	0.4	"g"			"119-8,120-6,121-4,122-2,18890-4,25241-1,41678-4,41679-2,41680-0,41731-1,6993-0,90849-1"
+"CPX"	6526396	"Cefpodoxime proxetil"	"Cephalosporins (3rd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams"	"NA"			"NA"	"banan,cefodox,cefoprox,cefpoderm,cefpodoximproxetil,cepodem,doxef,orelox,otreon,podomexef,simplicef,vantin"					"NA"
+"CDC"		"Cefpodoxime/clavulanic acid"	"Cephalosporins (3rd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams"	"J01DD64,QJ01DD64"			"cecl,podcla"	"NA"	0.4	"g"			"NA"
+"CPR"	5281006	"Cefprozil"	"Cephalosporins (2nd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams"	"J01DC10,QJ01DC10"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Second-generation cephalosporins"	"cefpro,cpr,cpz,fp"	"arzimol,brisoral,cefprozilo,cefprozilum,cronocef,procef,serozil"	1	"g"			"123-0,124-8,125-5,126-3,18891-2,6994-8"
+"CEQ"	5464355	"Cefquinome"	"Cephalosporins (4th gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams"	"QG51AA07,QJ01DE90,QJ51DE90"			"cefqui"	"cefquinoma,cefquinomum,cobactan,quinolinium"					"100046-2,76150-2"
+"CRD"	5284529	"Cefroxadine"	"Cephalosporins (1st gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams"	"J01DB11,QJ01DB11"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"First-generation cephalosporins"	"ceftix"	"cefroxadin,cefroxadino,cefroxadinum,oraspor"	2.1	"g"			"NA"
+"CFS"	656575	"Cefsulodin"	"Cephalosporins (3rd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams"	"J01DD03,QJ01DD03"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Third-generation cephalosporins"	"cefsul,cfsl,cfsu"	"cefomonil,cefonomil,cefsulodine,cefsulodinhydrate,cefsulodino,cefsulodinum,pseudocef,pseudomonil,pyocefal,sulcephalosporin,takesulin,tilmapor,ulfaret"			4	"g"	"127-1,128-9,129-7,130-5,131-3,18892-0,25242-9,55647-2"
+"CSU"	68718	"Cefsumide"	"Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams"	"NA"			"NA"	"cefsulmid,cefsumido,cefsumidum"					"NA"
+"CPT"	56841980	"Ceftaroline"	"Cephalosporins (5th gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams"	"J01DI02,QJ01DI02"			"ceftar,cfro"	"ceftaroine,teflaro,zinforo"					"73604-1,73605-8,73626-4,73627-2,73649-6,73650-4,74170-2"
+"CPA"		"Ceftaroline/avibactam"	"Cephalosporins (5th gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams,Beta-lactamase inhibitors"	"NA"			"NA"	"NA"					"73604-1,73626-4,73649-6"
+"CAZ"	5481173	"Ceftazidime"	"Cephalosporins (3rd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams"	"J01DD02,QJ01DD02"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Third-generation cephalosporins"	"caz,cef,cefta,ceftaz,cfta,cftz,taz,tz,xtz"	"ceftazimide,ceptaz,fortam,fortaz,fortum,glazidim,kefazim,modacin,pentacef,tazicef,tizime"			4	"g"	"101481-0,101482-8,101483-6,132-1,133-9,134-7,135-4,18893-8,21151-6,3449-6,35774-9,35775-6,35776-4,42352-5,55648-0,55649-8,55650-6,55651-4,58705-5,6995-5,73603-3,73625-6,73648-8,80960-8,87734-0,90850-9"
+"CZA"	90643431	"Ceftazidime/avibactam"	"Cephalosporins (3rd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams,Beta-lactamase inhibitors"	"J01DD52,QJ01DD52"			"cfav"	"avycaz,zavicefta"			6	"g"	"101483-6,73603-3,73625-6,73648-8,87734-0"
+"CCV"	9575352	"Ceftazidime/clavulanic acid"	"Cephalosporins (3rd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams"	"J01DD52,QJ01DD52"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Third-generation cephalosporins"	"czcl,tazcla,xtzl"	"NA"			6	"g"	"NA"
+"CEM"	6537431	"Cefteram"	"Cephalosporins (3rd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams"	"J01DD18,QJ01DD18"			"cefter"	"cefterame,cefteramum,ceftetrame"	0.4	"g"			"100047-0,76144-5"
+"CPL"	5362114	"Cefteram pivoxil"	"Cephalosporins (3rd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams"	"NA"			"NA"	"cefterampivoxil,tomiron"					"NA"
+"CTL"	65755	"Ceftezole"	"Cephalosporins (1st gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams"	"J01DB12,QJ01DB12"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"First-generation cephalosporins"	"ceftez"	"alomen,ceftezol,ceftezolesalt,ceftezolo,ceftezolum,celoslin,demethylcefazolin,falomesin"			3	"g"	"NA"
+"CTB"	5282242	"Ceftibuten"	"Cephalosporins (3rd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams"	"J01DD14,QJ01DD14"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Third-generation cephalosporins"	"cb,ceftib,cfbu,ctb,tib"	"cedax,ceftem,ceftibutene,ceftibuteno,ceftibutenum,ceftibutin,ceprifran,isocef,keimax,seftem"	0.4	"g"			"35777-2,35778-0,35779-8,6996-3"
+"CTA"		"Ceftibuten/avibactam"	"Cephalosporins (3rd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams,Beta-lactamase inhibitors"	"NA"			"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
+"TIO"	6328657	"Ceftiofur"	"Cephalosporins (3rd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams"	"QJ01DD90,QJ51DD90"			"ceftif"	"ceftiofurum,excenel,naxcel"					"23709-9,35780-6,35781-4,55652-2"
+"CZX"	6533629	"Ceftizoxime"	"Cephalosporins (3rd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams"	"J01DD07,QJ01DD07"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Third-generation cephalosporins"	"ceftiz,cfzx,ctz,cz,czx,tiz,zox"	"cefizox,ceftix,ceftizoxima,ceftizoximesalt,ceftizoximum,eposerin"			4	"g"	"136-2,137-0,138-8,139-6,18894-6,20378-6,23622-4,25243-7,3450-4,6997-1"
+"CZP"	9578661	"Ceftizoxime alapivoxil"	"Cephalosporins (3rd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams"	"NA"			"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
+"BPR"	135413542	"Ceftobiprole"	"Cephalosporins (5th gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams"	"NA"			"ceftob"	"NA"					"43269-0,43270-8,43271-6,43272-4,85052-9"
+"CFM1"	135413544	"Ceftobiprole medocaril"	"Cephalosporins (5th gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams"	"J01DI01,QJ01DI01"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Other cephalosporins and penems"	"NA"	"zevtera"			1.5	"g"	"NA"
+"CZT"	86291594	"Ceftolozane/tazobactam"	"Cephalosporins (5th gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams,Beta-lactamase inhibitors"	"J01DI54,QJ01DI54"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Other cephalosporins and penems"	"cei"	"zerbaxa"			3	"g"	"101484-4,73602-5,73624-9,73647-0,87735-7"
+"CRO"	5479530	"Ceftriaxone"	"Cephalosporins (3rd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams"	"J01DD04,QJ01DD04"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Third-generation cephalosporins"	"axo,cax,ceftri,cftr,cro,ctr,frx,trimen,trinme,tx"	"biotrakson,ceftriaxon,ceftriaxona,ceftriaxonum,ceftriazone,rocefin,rocephalin,rocephin,rocephine,rophex"			2	"g"	"101485-1,140-4,141-2,142-0,143-8,18895-3,25244-5,25367-4,31140-7,31141-5,3451-2,41681-8,41682-6,41683-4,41732-9,50633-7,55190-3,6998-9,80957-4"
+"CEB"		"Ceftriaxone/beta-lactamase inhibitor"	"Cephalosporins (3rd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams"	"J01DD63,QJ01DD63"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Third-generation cephalosporins"	"NA"	"NA"			2	"g"	"NA"
+"CXM"	5479529	"Cefuroxime"	"Cephalosporins (2nd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams"	"J01DC02,QJ01DC02,QJ51DC02,QS01AA27,S01AA27"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Second-generation cephalosporins"	"cefaxe,cefrox,cefuro,cfrx,cfur,cfx,crm,cxm,fur,rox,xm"	"anaptivan,biociclin,biofuroksym,bioxima,cefofix,cefumax,cefurex,cefuril,cefurox,cefuroxim,cefuroxima,cefuroximesalt,cefuroximine,cefuroximo,cefuroximum,cephuroxime,cetroxil,colifossim,curoxim,curoxima,curoxime,froxal,furoxil,kefurox,kesint,ketocef,lifurox,medoxim,sharox,spectrazolr,ultroxim,zinacef,zinnat"	0.5	"g"	3	"g"	"101503-1,144-6,145-3,146-1,147-9,18896-1,20460-2,25245-2,3452-0,35782-2,35783-0,51724-3,51774-8,55653-0,55654-8,6999-7,74699-0,80608-3,80617-4"
+"CXA"	6321416	"Cefuroxime axetil"	"Cephalosporins (2nd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams"	"NA"			"cfax"	"bioracef,ceftin,cefurax,cefuroximaxetil,celocid,cepazine,cethixim,cetoxil,coliofossim,curocef,elobact,kalcef,maxitil,medoxm,nivador,novador,novocef,oraxim,zinat,zoref"					"NA"
+"CFM2"		"Cefuroxime/metronidazole"	"Other"	"J01DC52,QJ01DC52"	"Combinations of antibacterials"	"Combinations of antibacterials"	"NA"	"NA"	0.5	"g"			"NA"
+"ZON"	6336505	"Cefuzonam"	"Other"	"NA"			"cefuzo"	"cefuzoname,cefuzonamum,cefzoname,cosmosin"					"NA"
+"CED"	38103	"Cephradine"	"Cephalosporins (1st gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams"	"NA"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"First-generation cephalosporins"	"cephra,cfra,cfrd"	"anspor,cefradin,cefradina,cefradine,cefradinum,cekodin,cephradin,ecosporina,eskacef,infexin,megacef,sefril,velocef,velosef"					"168-5,169-3,170-1,171-9,18902-7,55646-4"
 "CTO"	71402	"Cetocycline"	"Tetracyclines"	"NA"			"NA"	"cetocyline,cetotetrine,chelocardin"					"NA"
 "CHL"	5959	"Chloramphenicol"	"Phenicols"	"D06AX02,D10AF03,G01AA05,J01BA01,QD06AX02,QD10AF03,QG01AA05,QJ01BA01,QJ51BA01,QS01AA01,QS02AA01,QS03AA08,S01AA01,S02AA01,S03AA08"	"Amphenicols"	"Amphenicols"	"c,chl,chlo,chlora,cl"	"alficetyn,ambofen,amphicol,amseclor,anacetin,aquamycetin,austracil,austracol,biocetin,biophenicol,catilan,chemicetin,chemicetina,chlomin,chlomycol,chloramex,chloramfenikol,chloramficin,chloramfilin,chloramphenicole,chloramphenicolum,chloramsaar,chlorasol,chlorbiotic,chloricol,chlornitromycin,chloroamphenicol,chlorocaps,chlorocid,chlorocide,chlorocin,chlorocol,chlorofair,chloromax,chloromycetin,chloromycetny,chloromyxin,chloronitrin,chloroptic,chlorovules,cidocetine,ciplamycetin,cloramfen,cloramfenicol,cloramfenicolo,cloramficin,cloramicol,cloramidina,cloranfenicol,cloroamfenicolo,clorocyn,cloromisan,clorosintex,comycetin,cylphenicol,desphen,detreomycin,detreomycine,dextramycin,dextromycetin,doctamicina,econochlor,embacetin,emetren,enteromycetin,erbaplast,ertilen,farmicetina,globenicol,glorous,gloveticol,halcetin,halomycetin,hortfenicol,intramycetin,isicetin,ismicetina,isophenicol,juvamycetin,kamaver,kemicetina,kemicetine,kloramfenikol,klorita,laevomycetinum,leukamycin,leukomyan,leukomycin,levocin,levomicetina,levomitsetin,levomycetin,levoplast,levosin,levovetin,loromisan,loromisin,mastiphen,maybridge,mediamycetine,medichol,micloretin,micochlorine,micoclorina,microcetina,mychel,mycinol,myclocin,mycochlorin,novochlorocap,novomycetin,novophenicol,ocuphenicol,oftalent,oleomycetin,opclor,opelor,ophthochlor,ophthocort,ophtochlor,optomycin,otachron,otophen,pantovernil,paraxin,pentamycetin,petnamycetin,quemicetina,rivomycin,romphenil,ronphenil,septicol,sificetina,sintomicetin,sintomicetina,soluthor,stanomycetin,synthomycetin,synthomycetine,synthomycine,syntomycin,tevcocin,tevcosin,tifomycin,tifomycine,tiromycetin,treomicetina,tyfomycine,unimycetin,veticol,viceton"	3	"g"	3	"g"	"15101-9,16603-3,16604-1,172-7,173-5,174-3,175-0,18903-5,25247-8,29214-4,29346-4,29347-2,3455-3,7001-1"
 "CTE"	54675777	"Chlortetracycline"	"Tetracyclines"	"A01AB21,D06AA02,J01AA03,QA01AB21,QD06AA02,QG51AA08,QJ01AA03,QJ51AA03,QS01AA02,S01AA02"	"Tetracyclines"	"Tetracyclines"	"chltet"	"acronize,alexomycin,aueromycin,aureocarmyl,aureociclina,aureocina,aureocycline,aureomycin,aureomykoin,aurofac,auxeomycin,biomitsin,biomycin,chlormax,chlorotetracycline,chlortetracyclinum,chrysomykine,clorocipan,clortetraciclina,clortetrin,declomycin,declostatin,deganol,demeclor,demeplus,demetraciclina,demetraclin,detracin,detravis,diuciclin,duomycin,elkamicina,flamycin,isphamycin,ledermicina,ledermycin,ledermycine,mexocine,novotriclina,pennchlor,perciclina,periciclina,sumaclina,uromycin,veraciclina"	1	"g"			"176-8,177-6,178-4,179-2,18904-3,55655-5,87600-3"
-"CIC"	19003	"Ciclacillin"	"Beta-lactams/penicillins"	"NA"			"cyclac"	"bastcillin,calthor,ciclacilina,ciclacilline,ciclacillinum,ciclacillum,citosarin,cyclacillin,cyclapen,noblicil,orfilina,peamezin,syngacillin,ultracillin,vastcillin,vipicil,wyvital"					"NA"
-"CIX"	47472	"Ciclopirox"	"Antifungals/antimycotics"	"D01AE14,G01AX12,QD01AE14,QG01AX12"	"Antifungals for topical use"	"Other antifungals for topical use"	"cipx"	"NA"					"NA"
+"CIC"	19003	"Ciclacillin"	"Penicillins,Beta-lactams"	"NA"			"cyclac"	"bastcillin,calthor,ciclacilina,ciclacilline,ciclacillinum,ciclacillum,citosarin,cyclacillin,cyclapen,noblicil,orfilina,peamezin,syngacillin,ultracillin,vastcillin,vipicil,wyvital"					"NA"
+"CIX"		"Ciclopirox"	"Antifungals"	"D01AE14,G01AX12,QD01AE14,QG01AX12"	"Antifungals for topical use"	"Other antifungals for topical use"	"cipx"	"NA"					"NA"
 "CIN"	2762	"Cinoxacin"	"Quinolones"	"J01MB06,QJ01MB06"	"Quinolone antibacterials"	"Other quinolones"	"cino,cinoxa,cnox"	"cinobac,cinobactin,cinoxacine,cinoxacino,cinoxacinum,clinoxacin,noxigram,uronorm"	1	"g"			"180-0,181-8,182-6,183-4,18905-0,55656-3"
-"CIP"	2764	"Ciprofloxacin"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"J01MA02,QJ01MA02,QS01AE03,QS02AA15,QS03AA07,S01AE03,S02AA15,S03AA07"	"Quinolone antibacterials"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"ci,cip,cipr,ciprof,cp"	"alcipro,bacquinor,baflox,belmacina,bernoflox,catex,cenin,ceprimax,cetraxal,ciflan,ciflosin,cifloxin,cilab,cilox,ciloxan,cipad,ciplus,ciprecu,ciprenit,ciprine,ciprinol,cipro,ciprobay,ciprocinal,ciprocinol,ciprodar,ciproflox,ciprofloxacina,ciprofloxacine,ciprofloxacino,ciprofloxacinum,ciprofur,ciprogis,ciproktan,ciprolin,ciprolon,cipromycin,cipronex,ciprooxacin,cipropol,ciproquinol,ciprowin,ciproxan,ciproxin,ciproxina,ciproxine,ciriax,citeral,citopcin,cixan,corsacin,cunesin,cycin,cyprobay,cyproxan,disfabac,felixene,fimoflox,flociprin,floxacipron,flunas,globuce,inkamil,ipiflox,italnik,keefloxin,linhaliq,loxacid,loxan,lypro,megaflox,microgan,nixin,novidat,novoquin,ofitin,oftacilox,ophaflox,otiprio,phaproxin,piprol,plenolyt,probiox,proflaxin,proksi,proquin,proxacin,quinoflox,quinolid,quintor,quipro,rancif,renator,roflazin,roxytal,sepcen,septicide,septocipro,siprogut,sophixin,spitacin,strox,suiflox,superocin,supraflox,uritent,utiminx,velmonit,zumaflox"	1	"g"	0.8	"g"	"101500-7,14031-9,14032-7,14058-2,14059-0,184-2,185-9,186-7,187-5,18906-8,20377-8,23621-6,25180-1,25181-9,25188-4,25189-2,25248-6,34636-1,3484-3,42644-5,55194-5,7002-9"
-"CIM"		"Ciprofloxacin/metronidazole"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"J01RA10,QJ01RA10"	"Combinations of antibacterials"	"Combinations of antibacterials"	"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
-"CIO"		"Ciprofloxacin/ornidazole"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"J01RA12,QJ01RA12"	"Combinations of antibacterials"	"Combinations of antibacterials"	"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
-"CIT"		"Ciprofloxacin/tinidazole"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"J01RA11,QJ01RA11"	"Combinations of antibacterials"	"Combinations of antibacterials"	"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
-"CLR"	84029	"Clarithromycin"	"Macrolides/lincosamides"	"J01FA09,QJ01FA09"	"Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins"	"Macrolides"	"ch,cla,clar,claryt,clm,clr"	"abbotic,abboticine,astromen,biaxin,bicrolid,bristamycin,clacee,clacid,clacine,clambiotic,clarem,claribid,claricide,claridar,claripen,clarith,clarithromycine,clarithromycinum,claritromicina,clarosip,clathromycin,crixan,cyllid,cyllind,eratrex,esinol,fromilid,gallimycin,helas,heliclar,klabax,klacid,klaciped,klaricid,klarid,klarin,kofron,mabicrol,macladin,maclar,mavid,meberyt,pediamycin,qidmycin,veclam,wyamycin,zeclar"	0.5	"g"	1	"g"	"100048-8,16619-9,16620-7,188-3,189-1,18907-6,190-9,191-7,20375-2,23619-0,25190-0,25191-8,25192-6,25253-6,34638-7,43987-7,43990-1,43991-9,7003-7,80559-8,89485-7"
-"CLA1"	5280980	"Clavulanic acid"	"Other antibacterials"	"NA"			"NA"	"amonate,clavulanate,clavulanateacid,clavulansaeure,clavulansaure,clavulox,serdaxin"					"NA"
-"CLX"	60063	"Clinafloxacin"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"NA"			"clinaf"	"NA"					"32376-6,33284-1,35785-5,35786-3,7004-5"
-"CLI"	446598	"Clindamycin"	"Macrolides/lincosamides"	"D10AF01,G01AA10,J01FF01,QD10AF01,QG01AA10,QJ01FF01"	"Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins"	"Lincosamides"	"cc,cd,cli,clin,clin32,clinda,cm,da"	"antirobe,chlolincocin,chlorlincocin,cleocin,clindamicina,clindamycine,clindamycinum,clinimycin,clinsol,clintabs,dalacine,klimicin,klindan,sobelin"	1.2	"g"	1.8	"g"	"16621-5,16622-3,18908-4,192-5,193-3,194-1,195-8,25249-4,3486-8,42720-3,55657-1,55658-9,55659-7,55660-5,61188-9,7005-2"
-"CLI-S"		"Clindamycin inducible screening test"	"Macrolides/lincosamides"	"NA"			"clin inducible,clinda inducible,clindamycin inducible"	"NA"					"NA"
+"CIP"	2764	"Ciprofloxacin"	"Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones"	"J01MA02,QJ01MA02,QS01AE03,QS02AA15,QS03AA07,S01AE03,S02AA15,S03AA07"	"Quinolone antibacterials"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"ci,cip,cipr,ciprof,cp"	"alcipro,bacquinor,baflox,belmacina,bernoflox,catex,cenin,ceprimax,cetraxal,ciflan,ciflosin,cifloxin,cilab,cilox,ciloxan,cipad,ciplus,ciprecu,ciprenit,ciprine,ciprinol,cipro,ciprobay,ciprocinal,ciprocinol,ciprodar,ciproflox,ciprofloxacina,ciprofloxacine,ciprofloxacino,ciprofloxacinum,ciprofur,ciprogis,ciproktan,ciprolin,ciprolon,cipromycin,cipronex,ciprooxacin,cipropol,ciproquinol,ciprowin,ciproxan,ciproxin,ciproxina,ciproxine,ciriax,citeral,citopcin,cixan,corsacin,cunesin,cycin,cyprobay,cyproxan,disfabac,felixene,fimoflox,flociprin,floxacipron,flunas,globuce,inkamil,ipiflox,italnik,keefloxin,linhaliq,loxacid,loxan,lypro,megaflox,microgan,nixin,novidat,novoquin,ofitin,oftacilox,ophaflox,otiprio,phaproxin,piprol,plenolyt,probiox,proflaxin,proksi,proquin,proxacin,quinoflox,quinolid,quintor,quipro,rancif,renator,roflazin,roxytal,sepcen,septicide,septocipro,siprogut,sophixin,spitacin,strox,suiflox,superocin,supraflox,uritent,utiminx,velmonit,zumaflox"	1	"g"	0.8	"g"	"101500-7,14031-9,14032-7,14058-2,14059-0,184-2,185-9,186-7,187-5,18906-8,20377-8,23621-6,25180-1,25181-9,25188-4,25189-2,25248-6,34636-1,3484-3,42644-5,55194-5,7002-9"
+"CIM"		"Ciprofloxacin/metronidazole"	"Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones"	"J01RA10,QJ01RA10"	"Combinations of antibacterials"	"Combinations of antibacterials"	"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
+"CIO"		"Ciprofloxacin/ornidazole"	"Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones"	"J01RA12,QJ01RA12"	"Combinations of antibacterials"	"Combinations of antibacterials"	"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
+"CIT"		"Ciprofloxacin/tinidazole"	"Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones"	"J01RA11,QJ01RA11"	"Combinations of antibacterials"	"Combinations of antibacterials"	"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
+"CLR"	84029	"Clarithromycin"	"Macrolides"	"J01FA09,QJ01FA09"	"Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins"	"Macrolides"	"ch,cla,clar,claryt,clm,clr"	"abbotic,abboticine,astromen,biaxin,bicrolid,bristamycin,clacee,clacid,clacine,clambiotic,clarem,claribid,claricide,claridar,claripen,clarith,clarithromycine,clarithromycinum,claritromicina,clarosip,clathromycin,crixan,cyllid,cyllind,eratrex,esinol,fromilid,gallimycin,helas,heliclar,klabax,klacid,klaciped,klaricid,klarid,klarin,kofron,mabicrol,macladin,maclar,mavid,meberyt,pediamycin,qidmycin,veclam,wyamycin,zeclar"	0.5	"g"	1	"g"	"100048-8,16619-9,16620-7,188-3,189-1,18907-6,190-9,191-7,20375-2,23619-0,25190-0,25191-8,25192-6,25253-6,34638-7,43987-7,43990-1,43991-9,7003-7,80559-8,89485-7"
+"CLA1"	5280980	"Clavulanic acid"	"Other"	"NA"			"NA"	"amonate,clavulanate,clavulanateacid,clavulansaeure,clavulansaure,clavulox,serdaxin"					"NA"
+"CLX"	60063	"Clinafloxacin"	"Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones"	"NA"			"clinaf"	"NA"					"32376-6,33284-1,35785-5,35786-3,7004-5"
+"CLI"	446598	"Clindamycin"	"Lincosamides"	"D10AF01,G01AA10,J01FF01,QD10AF01,QG01AA10,QJ01FF01"	"Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins"	"Lincosamides"	"cc,cd,cli,clin,clin32,clinda,cm,da"	"antirobe,chlolincocin,chlorlincocin,cleocin,clindamicina,clindamycine,clindamycinum,clinimycin,clinsol,clintabs,dalacine,klimicin,klindan,sobelin"	1.2	"g"	1.8	"g"	"16621-5,16622-3,18908-4,192-5,193-3,194-1,195-8,25249-4,3486-8,42720-3,55657-1,55658-9,55659-7,55660-5,61188-9,7005-2"
+"CLI-S"		"Clindamycin inducible screening test"	"Lincosamides,Macrolides"	"NA"			"clin inducible,clinda inducible,clindamycin inducible"	"NA"					"NA"
 "CLF"	2794	"Clofazimine"	"Antimycobacterials"	"J04BA01,QJ04BA01"	"Drugs for treatment of lepra"	"Drugs for treatment of lepra"	"clof,clofam"	"chlofazimine,clofazimina,clofaziminum,colfazimine,lampren,lamprene,phenazine,riminophenazine"	0.1	"g"			"16623-1,20376-0,23620-8,23627-3,43986-9,43988-5,43989-3,55661-3,55662-1,96108-6"
-"CLF1"	2799	"Clofoctol"	"Other antibacterials"	"J01XX03,QJ01XX03"	"Other antibacterials"	"Other antibacterials"	"NA"	"clofoctolo,clofoctolum,gramplus,octofene,phenol"					"NA"
-"CLM"	71807	"Clometocillin"	"Beta-lactams/penicillins"	"J01CE07,QJ01CE07"	"Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins"	"Beta-lactamase sensitive penicillins"	"NA"	"chlomethocillin,clometacillin,clomethacillin,clomethocillin,clometocilina,clometocilline,clometocillinsalt,clometocillinum,penicilline,rixapen"	1	"g"			"NA"
+"CLF1"	2799	"Clofoctol"	"Other"	"J01XX03,QJ01XX03"	"Other antibacterials"	"Other antibacterials"	"NA"	"clofoctolo,clofoctolum,gramplus,octofene,phenol"					"NA"
+"CLM"	71807	"Clometocillin"	"Penicillins,Beta-lactams"	"J01CE07,QJ01CE07"	"Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins"	"Beta-lactamase sensitive penicillins"	"NA"	"chlomethocillin,clometacillin,clomethacillin,clomethocillin,clometocilina,clometocilline,clometocillinsalt,clometocillinum,penicilline,rixapen"	1	"g"			"NA"
 "CLM1"	54680675	"Clomocycline"	"Tetracyclines"	"J01AA11,QJ01AA11"	"Tetracyclines"	"Tetracyclines"	"NA"	"clomociclina,clomocyclinum,megaclor"	1	"g"			"NA"
-"CTR"	2812	"Clotrimazole"	"Antifungals/antimycotics"	"A01AB18,D01AC01,G01AF02,QA01AB18,QD01AC01,QG01AF02,QJ02AB90"			"clot"	"alevazol,bisphenyl,canesten,canestene,canestine,canifug,chlotrimazole,clomatin,clotrimaderm,clotrimazol,clotrimazolum,coltrimazole,cutistad,diphenylmethane,empecid,esparol,femmesil,footlogix,fortinia,gynix,imidazole,jidesheng,klotrimazole,lakesia,lombazol,lombazole,lombazolum,lotrimax,lotrimin,monobaycuten,mycelax,mycelex,mycofug,mycosporin,mykosporin,nalbix,otomax,pedesil,pedisafe,ringworm,stiemazol,tibatin,trimysten,trivagizole"					"10653-4,10654-2,18909-2,54177-1,55663-9"
-"CLO"	6098	"Cloxacillin"	"Beta-lactams/penicillins"	"J01CF02,QJ01CF02,QJ51CF02,QS01AA90"	"Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins"	"Beta-lactamase resistant penicillins"	"clox,cloxac"	"ankerbin,austrastaph,biocloxin,brispen,chloroxacillin,ciclex,clocil,clossacillina,cloxacilina,cloxacillinanhydrous,cloxacilline,cloxacillinsalt,cloxacillinum,cloxapen,constaphyl,dariclox,dichlorstapenor,diclocil,dicloxacillinhydrate,diflor,digloxilline,dynapen,ekvacillin,gelstaph,novapen,noxaben,orbenin,pathocil,stampen,staphybiotic,syntarpen,syntarpensalt,tegopen"	2	"g"	2	"g"	"16628-0,18910-0,196-6,197-4,198-2,199-0,25250-2,55664-7"
+"CLB"	54706138	"Clorobiocin"	"Aminocoumarins"	"NA"			"NA"	"chlorobiocin"					"NA"
+"CTR"	2812	"Clotrimazole"	"Antifungals"	"A01AB18,D01AC01,G01AF02,QA01AB18,QD01AC01,QG01AF02,QJ02AB90"			"clot"	"alevazol,bisphenyl,canesten,canestene,canestine,canifug,chlotrimazole,clomatin,clotrimaderm,clotrimazol,clotrimazolum,coltrimazole,cutistad,diphenylmethane,empecid,esparol,femmesil,footlogix,fortinia,gynix,imidazole,jidesheng,klotrimazole,lakesia,lombazol,lombazole,lombazolum,lotrimax,lotrimin,monobaycuten,mycelax,mycelex,mycofug,mycosporin,mykosporin,nalbix,otomax,pedesil,pedisafe,ringworm,stiemazol,tibatin,trimysten,trivagizole"					"10653-4,10654-2,18909-2,54177-1,55663-9"
+"CLO"	6098	"Cloxacillin"	"Isoxazolylpenicillins,Penicillins,Beta-lactams"	"J01CF02,QJ01CF02,QJ51CF02,QS01AA90"	"Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins"	"Beta-lactamase resistant penicillins"	"clox,cloxac"	"ankerbin,austrastaph,biocloxin,brispen,chloroxacillin,ciclex,clocil,clossacillina,cloxacilina,cloxacillinanhydrous,cloxacilline,cloxacillinsalt,cloxacillinum,cloxapen,constaphyl,dariclox,dichlorstapenor,diclocil,dicloxacillinhydrate,diflor,digloxilline,dynapen,ekvacillin,gelstaph,novapen,noxaben,orbenin,pathocil,stampen,staphybiotic,syntarpen,syntarpensalt,tegopen"	2	"g"	2	"g"	"16628-0,18910-0,196-6,197-4,198-2,199-0,25250-2,55664-7"
 "COL"	5311054	"Colistin"	"Polymyxins"	"A07AA10,J01XB01,QA07AA10,QJ01XB01,QJ51XB01"	"Other antibacterials"	"Polymyxins"	"cl,coli,colist,cs,cst,ct"	"colimycin,colisticin,colisticina,colistina,colistine,colistinum,colobreathe,colomycin,kangdisu,kolimitsin,kolimycin,promixin,sogecoli,totazina"	9	"MU"	9	"MU"	"16645-4,18912-6,204-8,205-5,206-3,207-1,29493-4,33333-6"
-"COP"		"Colistin/polysorbate"	"Other antibacterials"	"NA"			"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
+"COP"		"Colistin/polysorbate"	"Other"	"NA"			"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
 "CYC"	6234	"Cycloserine"	"Oxazolidinones"	"J04AB01,QJ04AB01"	"Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis"	"Antibiotics"	"cycl,cyclos"	"cicloserina,closina,cyclorin,cycloserin,cycloserinum,farmiserina,levcicloserina,levcycloserine,levcycloserinum,micoserina,miroserina,miroseryn,novoserin,oxamicina,oxamycin,seromycin,tebemicina,wasserina"	0.75	"g"			"16702-3,18914-2,212-1,213-9,214-7,215-4,23608-3,25207-2,25208-0,25209-8,25251-0,3519-6,55667-0"
-"DAL"	23724878	"Dalbavancin"	"Glycopeptides"	"J01XA04,QJ01XA04"	"Other antibacterials"	"Glycopeptide antibacterials"	"dalb,dalbav"	"dalbavancina,dalvance,xydalba,zeven"			1.5	"g"	"41688-3,41689-1,41690-9,41734-5"
-"DAN"	71335	"Danofloxacin"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"QJ01MA92"			"danofl"	"advocin,danofloxacine,danofloxacino,danofloxacinum"					"73601-7,73623-1,73646-2"
-"DPS"	2955	"Dapsone"	"Other antibacterials"	"D10AX05,J04BA02,QD10AX05,QJ04BA02"	"Drugs for treatment of lepra"	"Drugs for treatment of lepra"	"NA"	"aczone,atrisone,avlosulfon,avlosulfone,avlosulphone,benzenamide,benzenamine,bissulfone,bissulphone,croysulfone,croysulphone,dapson,dapsona,dapsonum,daspone,diaphenylsulfon,diaphenylsulfone,diaphenylsulphon,diaphenylsulphone,diphenasone,diphone,disulfone,disulone,disulphone,dubronax,dumitone,eporal,medapsol,novophone,servidapson,sulfadione,sulfona,sulfonyldianiline,sulphadione,sulphonyldianiline,tarimyl,udolac,undolac"	50	"mg"			"51698-9,9747-7"
-"DAP"	16134395	"Daptomycin"	"Other antibacterials"	"J01XX09,QJ01XX09"	"Other antibacterials"	"Other antibacterials"	"dap,dapt,dapt25,dapt50,daptom"	"cidecin,cubicin,dapcin,daptomicina,daptomycine,daptomycinum,deptomycin"			0.28	"g"	"35787-1,35788-9,35789-7,41691-7"
-"DFX"	487101	"Delafloxacin"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"J01MA23,QJ01MA23"			"NA"	"baxdela,delafloxacinum,quofenix"	0.9	"g"	0.6	"g"	"88885-9,90447-4,93790-4"
+"DAL"	23724878	"Dalbavancin"	"Lipoglycopeptides,Glycopeptides,Peptides"	"J01XA04,QJ01XA04"	"Other antibacterials"	"Glycopeptide antibacterials"	"dalb,dalbav"	"dalbavancina,dalvance,xydalba,zeven"			1.5	"g"	"41688-3,41689-1,41690-9,41734-5"
+"DAN"	71335	"Danofloxacin"	"Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones"	"QJ01MA92"			"danofl"	"advocin,danofloxacine,danofloxacino,danofloxacinum"					"73601-7,73623-1,73646-2"
+"DPS"	2955	"Dapsone"	"Other"	"D10AX05,J04BA02,QD10AX05,QJ04BA02"	"Drugs for treatment of lepra"	"Drugs for treatment of lepra"	"dao"	"aczone,atrisone,avlosulfon,avlosulfone,avlosulphone,benzenamide,benzenamine,bissulfone,bissulphone,croysulfone,croysulphone,dapson,dapsona,dapsonum,daspone,diaphenylsulfon,diaphenylsulfone,diaphenylsulphon,diaphenylsulphone,diphenasone,diphone,disulfone,disulone,disulphone,dubronax,dumitone,eporal,medapsol,novophone,servidapson,sulfadione,sulfona,sulfonyldianiline,sulphadione,sulphonyldianiline,tarimyl,udolac,undolac"	50	"mg"			"51698-9,9747-7"
+"DAP"	16134395	"Daptomycin"	"Peptides"	"J01XX09,QJ01XX09"	"Other antibacterials"	"Other antibacterials"	"dap,dapt,dapt25,dapt50,daptom"	"cidecin,cubicin,dapcin,daptomicina,daptomycine,daptomycinum,deptomycin"			0.28	"g"	"35787-1,35788-9,35789-7,41691-7"
+"DFX"	487101	"Delafloxacin"	"Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones"	"J01MA23,QJ01MA23"			"NA"	"baxdela,delafloxacinum,quofenix"	0.9	"g"	0.6	"g"	"88885-9,90447-4,93790-4"
 "DLM"	6480466	"Delamanid"	"Antimycobacterials"	"J04AK06,QJ04AK06"	"Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis"	"Other drugs for treatment of tuberculosis"	"dela"	"deltyba"	0.2	"g"			"93851-4,96109-4"
 "DEM"	54680690	"Demeclocycline"	"Tetracyclines"	"D06AA01,J01AA01,QD06AA01,QJ01AA01"	"Tetracyclines"	"Tetracyclines"	"demecy"	"demeclociclina,demeclocyclinum"	0.6	"g"			"10982-7,18915-9,216-2,217-0,218-8,219-6,29494-2,7006-0"
 "DKB"	470999	"Dibekacin"	"Aminoglycosides"	"J01GB09,QJ01GB09,QS01AA29,S01AA29"	"Aminoglycoside antibacterials"	"Other aminoglycosides"	"dibeka"	"debecacin,dibekacina,dibekacine,dibekacinum,kappati,panamicin"			0.14	"g"	"55669-6,55670-4,55671-2,55672-0"
-"DIC"	18381	"Dicloxacillin"	"Beta-lactams/penicillins"	"J01CF01,QJ01CF01,QJ51CF01"	"Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins"	"Beta-lactamase resistant penicillins"	"dicl,diclox"	"dichloroxacillin,diclossacillina,dicloxaciclin,dicloxacilin,dicloxacilina,dicloxacillina,dicloxacilline,dicloxacillinum,dicloxacycline,maclicine"	2	"g"	2	"g"	"10984-3,16769-2,18916-7,220-4,221-2,222-0,223-8,25252-8,32380-8,55668-8"
-"DIF"	56206	"Difloxacin"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"QJ01MA94"			"diflox"	"dicural,difloxacine,pulsaflox"					"35790-5,35791-3,35792-1"
-"DIR"	6473883	"Dirithromycin"	"Macrolides/lincosamides"	"J01FA13,QJ01FA13"	"Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins"	"Macrolides"	"dirith"	"dirithromycine,dirithromycinum,diritromicina,divitross,dynabac,noriclan,valodin"	0.5	"g"			"35793-9,35794-7,35795-4,7007-8"
-"DOR"	73303	"Doripenem"	"Carbapenems"	"J01DH04,QJ01DH04"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Carbapenems"	"dori,doripe"	"doribax,dripenem,finibax"			1.5	"g"	"56031-8,58711-3,60535-2,72893-1"
+"DIC"	18381	"Dicloxacillin"	"Isoxazolylpenicillins,Penicillins,Beta-lactams"	"J01CF01,QJ01CF01,QJ51CF01"	"Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins"	"Beta-lactamase resistant penicillins"	"dicl,diclox"	"dichloroxacillin,diclossacillina,dicloxaciclin,dicloxacilin,dicloxacilina,dicloxacillina,dicloxacilline,dicloxacillinum,dicloxacycline,maclicine"	2	"g"	2	"g"	"10984-3,16769-2,18916-7,220-4,221-2,222-0,223-8,25252-8,32380-8,55668-8"
+"DIF"	56206	"Difloxacin"	"Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones"	"QJ01MA94"			"diflox"	"dicural,difloxacine,pulsaflox"					"35790-5,35791-3,35792-1"
+"DIR"	6473883	"Dirithromycin"	"Macrolides"	"J01FA13,QJ01FA13"	"Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins"	"Macrolides"	"dirith"	"dirithromycine,dirithromycinum,diritromicina,divitross,dynabac,noriclan,valodin"	0.5	"g"			"35793-9,35794-7,35795-4,7007-8"
+"DOR"	73303	"Doripenem"	"Carbapenems,Beta-lactams"	"J01DH04,QJ01DH04"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Carbapenems"	"dori,doripe"	"doribax,dripenem,finibax"			1.5	"g"	"56031-8,58711-3,60535-2,72893-1"
 "DOX"	54671203	"Doxycycline"	"Tetracyclines"	"A01AB22,J01AA02,QA01AB22,QJ01AA02"	"Tetracyclines"	"Tetracyclines"	"dox,doxy,doxycy"	"abbocin,alamycin,aquacycline,biosolvomycin,biotet,bisolvomycin,chrysocin,dalimycin,dalinmycin,deoxymykoin,dossiciclina,doxiciclina,doxirobe,doxitard,doxivetin,doxycen,doxychel,doxycin,doxycyclin,doxycyclinum,doxylin,doxysol,doxytetracycline,elinton,engemycin,hydrocyclin,imperacin,intaloxin,investin,jenacyclin,liquachel,liviatin,macodyn,mepatar,microdox,mondoxyne,monodox,morgidox,ocudox,okebo,oracea,otetryn,oxacycline,oxamycen,oxatet,oxlopar,oxybiocycline,oxydon,oxyject,oxymykoin,oxysteclin,oxytet,oxytetral,oxytetrin,oxytracyl,oxyvet,stecsolin,supracyclin,terraject,terramycin,toxinal,unimycin,vendarcin,vibramycin,vibramycine,vivox,zenavod"	0.1	"g"	0.1	"g"	"10986-8,18917-5,20379-4,21250-6,224-6,225-3,226-1,227-9,23623-2,25223-9,26902-7,7008-6"
-"ECO"	3198	"Econazole"	"Antifungals/antimycotics"	"D01AC03,G01AF05,QD01AC03,QG01AF05"	"Antifungals for topical use"	"Imidazole and triazole derivatives"	"econ"	"bromazil,chloramizol,clinafarm,deccosil,deccozil,econazolum,ecostatin,ekonazole,enilconazol,enilconazole,eniloconazol,fecundal,florasan,freshgard,freshguard,fungaflor,fungazil,imaverol,imaversol,imazalil,magnate,spectazole"					"25595-0,25637-0,54178-9,55673-8"
+"ECO"	3198	"Econazole"	"Antifungals"	"D01AC03,G01AF05,QD01AC03,QG01AF05"	"Antifungals for topical use"	"Imidazole and triazole derivatives"	"econ"	"bromazil,chloramizol,clinafarm,deccosil,deccozil,econazolum,ecostatin,ekonazole,enilconazol,enilconazole,eniloconazol,fecundal,florasan,freshgard,freshguard,fungaflor,fungazil,imaverol,imaversol,imazalil,magnate,spectazole"					"25595-0,25637-0,54178-9,55673-8"
 "EFF"		"Efflux"	"Other"	"NA"			"effflux pump"	"NA"					"NA"
-"ENX"	3229	"Enoxacin"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"J01MA04,QJ01MA04"	"Quinolone antibacterials"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"enox,enoxa"	"abenox,almitil,bactidan,bactidron,comprecin,enofloxacine,enoksetin,enoram,enoxacina,enoxacine,enoxacino,enoxacinum,enoxen,enoxin,enoxor,flumark,penetrex"	0.8	"g"			"16816-1,18918-3,228-7,229-5,230-3,231-1,3590-7,41692-5"
-"ENR"	71188	"Enrofloxacin"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"QJ01MA90"			"enrofl"	"baytril,enroflox,enrofloxacine,enrofloxacino,enrofloxacinum,enroquin,enrosite,enroxil,quellaxcin,tenotryl,zobuxa"					"23712-3,35796-2,35797-0,35798-8"
+"ENX"	3229	"Enoxacin"	"Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones"	"J01MA04,QJ01MA04"	"Quinolone antibacterials"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"enox,enoxa"	"abenox,almitil,bactidan,bactidron,comprecin,enofloxacine,enoksetin,enoram,enoxacina,enoxacine,enoxacino,enoxacinum,enoxen,enoxin,enoxor,flumark,penetrex"	0.8	"g"			"16816-1,18918-3,228-7,229-5,230-3,231-1,3590-7,41692-5"
+"ENR"	71188	"Enrofloxacin"	"Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones"	"QJ01MA90"			"enrofl"	"baytril,enroflox,enrofloxacine,enrofloxacino,enrofloxacinum,enroquin,enrosite,enroxil,quellaxcin,tenotryl,zobuxa"					"23712-3,35796-2,35797-0,35798-8"
 "ENV"	135565326	"Enviomycin"	"Antimycobacterials"	"J04AB06,QJ04AB06"			"tuberactinomycin"	"enviomicina,enviomycina,enviomycine,enviomycinum,tuberactin"			1	"g"	"NA"
-"EPE"		"Eperozolid"	"Other antibacterials"	"NA"			"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
-"EPC"	71392	"Epicillin"	"Beta-lactams/penicillins"	"J01CA07,QJ01CA07"	"Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins"	"Penicillins with extended spectrum"	"NA"	"dexacillin,dihydroampicillin,epicilina,epicilline,epicillinum,spectacillin"	2	"g"	2	"g"	"NA"
-"EPP"	68916	"Epiroprim"	"Other antibacterials"	"NA"			"NA"	"epiroprima,epiroprime,epiroprimum"					"NA"
+"EPE"		"Eperozolid"	"Other"	"NA"			"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
+"EPC"	71392	"Epicillin"	"Penicillins,Beta-lactams"	"J01CA07,QJ01CA07"	"Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins"	"Penicillins with extended spectrum"	"NA"	"dexacillin,dihydroampicillin,epicilina,epicilline,epicillinum,spectacillin"	2	"g"	2	"g"	"NA"
+"EPP"	68916	"Epiroprim"	"Other"	"NA"			"NA"	"epiroprima,epiroprime,epiroprimum"					"NA"
 "ERV"	54726192	"Eravacycline"	"Tetracyclines"	"J01AA13,QJ01AA13"	"Tetracyclines"	"Tetracyclines"	"erav"	"xerava"			0.14	"g"	"100049-6,85423-2,93767-2"
-"ETP"	150610	"Ertapenem"	"Carbapenems"	"J01DH03,QJ01DH03"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Carbapenems"	"erta,ertape,etp"	"ertapenemsalt,invanz"			1	"g"	"101486-9,35799-6,35800-2,35801-0,35802-8"
-"ERY"	12560	"Erythromycin"	"Macrolides/lincosamides"	"D10AF02,J01FA01,QD10AF02,QJ01FA01,QJ51FA01,QS01AA17,S01AA17"	"Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins"	"Macrolides"	"e,em,ery,ery32,eryt,eryth"	"abboticin,abomacetin,acneryne,acnesol,aknemycin,aknin,benzamycin,derimer,deripil,dotycin,dumotrycin,emgel,emuvin,emycin,endoeritrin,erecin,erisone,eritomicina,eritrocina,eritromicina,ermycin,eryacne,eryacnen,erycen,erycette,erycinum,eryderm,erydermer,erygel,eryhexal,erymax,erymed,erysafe,erytab,erythro,erythroderm,erythrogran,erythroguent,erythromast,erythromid,erythromycine,erythromycinum,erytop,erytrociclin,ilocaps,ilosone,iloticina,ilotycin,inderm,latotryd,lederpax,mephamycin,mercina,oftamolets,pantoderm,pantodrin,pantomicina,pharyngocin,primacine,propiocine,proterytrin,retcin,robimycin,sansac,spotex,staticin,stiemicyn,stiemycin,tiprocin,torlamicina,wemid"	2	"g"	1	"g"	"100050-4,11576-6,12298-6,16829-4,16830-2,18919-1,18920-9,20380-2,232-9,233-7,234-5,235-2,236-0,23633-1,237-8,238-6,239-4,25224-7,25275-9,3597-2,7009-4"
-"ETH"	14052	"Ethambutol"	"Antimycobacterials"	"J04AK02,QJ04AK02"	"Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis"	"Other drugs for treatment of tuberculosis"	"etha,ethamb"	"aethambutolum,dadibutol,diambutol,etambutol,etambutolo,ethambutolum,myambutol,purderal,servambutol,tibutol"	1.2	"g"	1.2	"g"	"100051-2,16841-9,18921-7,20381-0,23625-7,240-2,241-0,242-8,243-6,25187-6,25194-2,25195-9,25230-4,25404-5,3607-9,42645-2,42646-0,55154-9,55674-6,56025-0,7010-2,89491-5"
+"ETP"	150610	"Ertapenem"	"Carbapenems,Beta-lactams"	"J01DH03,QJ01DH03"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Carbapenems"	"erta,ertape,etp"	"ertapenemsalt,invanz"			1	"g"	"101486-9,35799-6,35800-2,35801-0,35802-8"
+"ERY"	12560	"Erythromycin"	"Macrolides"	"D10AF02,J01FA01,QD10AF02,QJ01FA01,QJ51FA01,QS01AA17,S01AA17"	"Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins"	"Macrolides"	"e,em,ery,ery32,eryt,eryth"	"abboticin,abomacetin,acneryne,acnesol,aknemycin,aknin,benzamycin,derimer,deripil,dotycin,dumotrycin,emgel,emuvin,emycin,endoeritrin,erecin,erisone,eritomicina,eritrocina,eritromicina,ermycin,eryacne,eryacnen,erycen,erycette,erycinum,eryderm,erydermer,erygel,eryhexal,erymax,erymed,erysafe,erytab,erythro,erythroderm,erythrogran,erythroguent,erythromast,erythromid,erythromycine,erythromycinum,erytop,erytrociclin,ilocaps,ilosone,iloticina,ilotycin,inderm,latotryd,lederpax,mephamycin,mercina,oftamolets,pantoderm,pantodrin,pantomicina,pharyngocin,primacine,propiocine,proterytrin,retcin,robimycin,sansac,spotex,staticin,stiemicyn,stiemycin,tiprocin,torlamicina,wemid"	2	"g"	1	"g"	"100050-4,11576-6,12298-6,16829-4,16830-2,18919-1,18920-9,20380-2,232-9,233-7,234-5,235-2,236-0,23633-1,237-8,238-6,239-4,25224-7,25275-9,3597-2,7009-4"
+"ETH"	14052	"Ethambutol"	"Antimycobacterials"	"J04AK02,QJ04AK02"	"Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis"	"Other drugs for treatment of tuberculosis"	"emb,etha,ethamb"	"aethambutolum,dadibutol,diambutol,etambutol,etambutolo,ethambutolum,myambutol,purderal,servambutol,tibutol"	1.2	"g"	1.2	"g"	"100051-2,16841-9,18921-7,20381-0,23625-7,240-2,241-0,242-8,243-6,25187-6,25194-2,25195-9,25230-4,25404-5,3607-9,42645-2,42646-0,55154-9,55674-6,56025-0,7010-2,89491-5"
 "ETI"	456476	"Ethambutol/isoniazid"	"Antimycobacterials"	"J04AM03,QJ04AM03"	"Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis"	"Combinations of drugs for treatment of tuberculosis"	"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
 "ETI1"	2761171	"Ethionamide"	"Antimycobacterials"	"J04AD03,QJ04AD03"	"Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis"	"Thiocarbamide derivatives"	"ethi,ethion"	"aethionamidum,aetina,aetiva,amidazin,amidazine,atina,ethimide,ethina,ethinamide,ethionamidum,ethioniamide,ethylisothiamide,ethyonomide,etimid,etiocidan,etionamid,etionamida,etionamide,etioniamid,etionid,etionizin,etionizina,etionizine,fatoliamid,iridocin,iridozin,isothin,isotiamida,itiocide,nicotion,nisotin,nizotin,rigenicid,sertinon,teberus,thianid,thianide,thioamide,thiodine,thiomid,thioniden,tianid,tiomid,trecator,trekator,trescatyl,trescazide,tubenamide,tubermin,tuberoid,tuberoson"	0.75	"g"			"16099-4,16845-0,18922-5,20382-8,23617-4,25183-5,25196-7,25198-3,25231-2,41693-3,42647-8,42648-6,7011-0,96110-2"
-"ETO"	6034	"Ethopabate"	"Other antibacterials"	"QP51AX17"			"NA"	"ethopabat"					"NA"
-"EXE"		"Exebacase"		"NA"			"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
-"FAR"	65894	"Faropenem"	"Other antibacterials"	"J01DI03,QJ01DI03"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Other cephalosporins and penems"	"farope"	"farom,faropenemhydrate,faropenemsalt,fropenem,fropenum,furopenem"	0.75	"g"			"73600-9,73622-3,73645-4"
-"FDX"	10034073	"Fidaxomicin"	"Other antibacterials"	"A07AA12,QA07AA12"			"NA"	"dificid,dificlir,difimicin,fidaxomicina,lipiarmicin,lipiarmycin,lipiarrmycin"	0.4	"g"			"73599-3,73621-5,73644-7"
-"FIN"	11567473	"Finafloxacin"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"NA"			"NA"	"xtoro"					"73598-5,73620-7,73643-9"
-"FLA"	46783781	"Flavomycin"	"Other antibacterials"	"NA"			"flavom"	"bambermicina,bambermycine,bambermycinum,flavofosfolipol,flavophospholipol,gainpro,menomycin"					"NA"
-"FLE"	3357	"Fleroxacin"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"J01MA08,QJ01MA08"	"Quinolone antibacterials"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"fler,flerox"	"fleroxacine,fleroxacino,fleroxacinum,fleroxicin,megalocin,megalone,megalosin,quinodis"	0.4	"g"	0.4	"g"	"25411-0,32372-5,35806-9,7012-8"
-"FLO"	65864	"Flomoxef"	"Other antibacterials"	"J01DC14,QJ01DC14"			"flomox"	"flomoxefo,flomoxefsalt,flomoxefum,flumarin"			2	"g"	"100052-0,53822-3"
+"ETO"	6034	"Ethopabate"	"Other"	"QP51AX17"			"NA"	"ethopabat"					"NA"
+"EXE"		"Exebacase"	"Other"	"NA"			"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
+"FAR"	65894	"Faropenem"	"Other"	"J01DI03,QJ01DI03"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Other cephalosporins and penems"	"farope"	"farom,faropenemhydrate,faropenemsalt,fropenem,fropenum,furopenem"	0.75	"g"			"73600-9,73622-3,73645-4"
+"FDX"	10034073	"Fidaxomicin"	"Other"	"A07AA12,QA07AA12"			"NA"	"dificid,dificlir,difimicin,fidaxomicina,lipiarmicin,lipiarmycin,lipiarrmycin"	0.4	"g"			"73599-3,73621-5,73644-7"
+"FIN"	11567473	"Finafloxacin"	"Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones"	"NA"			"NA"	"xtoro"					"73598-5,73620-7,73643-9"
+"FLA"	46783781	"Flavomycin"	"Other"	"NA"			"flavom"	"bambermicina,bambermycine,bambermycinum,flavofosfolipol,flavophospholipol,gainpro,menomycin"					"NA"
+"FLE"	3357	"Fleroxacin"	"Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones"	"J01MA08,QJ01MA08"	"Quinolone antibacterials"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"fler,flerox"	"fleroxacine,fleroxacino,fleroxacinum,fleroxicin,megalocin,megalone,megalosin,quinodis"	0.4	"g"	0.4	"g"	"25411-0,32372-5,35806-9,7012-8"
+"FLO"	65864	"Flomoxef"	"Other"	"J01DC14,QJ01DC14"			"flomox"	"flomoxefo,flomoxefsalt,flomoxefum,flumarin"			2	"g"	"100052-0,53822-3"
 "FLR"	114811	"Florfenicol"	"Phenicols"	"QJ01BA90,QJ51BA90"			"florfe"	"aquafen,descocin,dexawin,efnicol,fricol,hyrazin,loncor,macphenicol,masatirin,neomyson,norfenicol,nuflor,racephenicol,rincrol,thiamcol,urfamicina,urophenyl"					"23740-4,35807-7,35808-5,87599-7"
-"FLC"	21319	"Flucloxacillin"	"Beta-lactams/penicillins"	"J01CF05,QJ01CF05,QJ51CF05"	"Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins"	"Beta-lactamase resistant penicillins"	"clox,fluclo,flux"	"bactopen,cloxacap,cloxacillinhydrate,cloxypen,floxacillin,floxacillinanhydrous,floxapen,floxapensalt,fluclomix,flucloxacilina,flucloxacilline,flucloxacillinum,flucloxin,fluorochloroxacillin,galfloxin,latocillin,orbeninhydrate,rimaflox,staphobristol,zoxin"	2	"g"	2	"g"	"NA"
-"FLU"	3365	"Fluconazole"	"Antifungals/antimycotics"	"D01AC15,J02AC01,QD01AC15,QJ02AC01"	"Antimycotics for systemic use"	"Triazole derivatives"	"fluc,flucon,fluz,flz"	"alflucoz,alkanazole,baten,biocanol,biozole,biozolene,canzol,cryptal,diflazon,diflucan,dimycon,elazor,flucazol,fluconazoli,fluconazolum,flucoral,flucostat,flukezol,flunazol,flunizol,fluzon,forcan,fuconal,fungata,loitin,mutum,oxifugol,pritenzol,syscan,trican,triconal,triflucan,zemyc,zoltec,zonal"	0.2	"g"	0.2	"g"	"10987-6,16870-8,18924-1,248-5,249-3,250-1,251-9,25255-1,7013-6,80530-9"
-"FCT"	3366	"Flucytosine"	"Antifungals/antimycotics"	"D01AE21,J02AX01,QD01AE21,QJ02AX01"	"Antifungals for topical use"	"Other antifungals for topical use"	"5flc,fcu,flucyt,fluo,fluy"	"alcobon,ancoban,ancobon,ancotil,ancotyl,flourocytosine,flucitosina,flucytosin,flucytosinum,flucytosone,fluocytosine,fluorcytosine,fluorocytosine"	10	"g"	10	"g"	"NA"
+"FLC"	21319	"Flucloxacillin"	"Isoxazolylpenicillins,Penicillins,Beta-lactams"	"J01CF05,QJ01CF05,QJ51CF05"	"Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins"	"Beta-lactamase resistant penicillins"	"clox,fluclo,flux"	"bactopen,cloxacap,cloxacillinhydrate,cloxypen,floxacillin,floxacillinanhydrous,floxapen,floxapensalt,fluclomix,flucloxacilina,flucloxacilline,flucloxacillinum,flucloxin,fluorochloroxacillin,galfloxin,latocillin,orbeninhydrate,rimaflox,staphobristol,zoxin"	2	"g"	2	"g"	"NA"
+"FLU"	3365	"Fluconazole"	"Antifungals"	"D01AC15,J02AC01,QD01AC15,QJ02AC01"	"Antimycotics for systemic use"	"Triazole derivatives"	"fluc,flucon,fluz,flz"	"alflucoz,alkanazole,baten,biocanol,biozole,biozolene,canzol,cryptal,diflazon,diflucan,dimycon,elazor,flucazol,fluconazoli,fluconazolum,flucoral,flucostat,flukezol,flunazol,flunizol,fluzon,forcan,fuconal,fungata,loitin,mutum,oxifugol,pritenzol,syscan,trican,triconal,triflucan,zemyc,zoltec,zonal"	0.2	"g"	0.2	"g"	"10987-6,16870-8,18924-1,248-5,249-3,250-1,251-9,25255-1,7013-6,80530-9"
+"FCT"	3366	"Flucytosine"	"Antifungals"	"D01AE21,J02AX01,QD01AE21,QJ02AX01"	"Antifungals for topical use"	"Other antifungals for topical use"	"5flc,fcu,flucyt,fluo,fluy"	"alcobon,ancoban,ancobon,ancotil,ancotyl,flourocytosine,flucitosina,flucytosin,flucytosinum,flucytosone,fluocytosine,fluorcytosine,fluorocytosine"	10	"g"	10	"g"	"NA"
 "FLM"	3374	"Flumequine"	"Quinolones"	"J01MB07,QJ01MB07"	"Quinolone antibacterials"	"Other quinolones"	"flumeq"	"apurone,fantacin,flumequina,flumequino,flumequinum,flumigal,flumiquil,flumisol,flumix,imequyl"	1.2	"g"			"55675-3,55676-1,55677-9,55678-7"
-"FLR1"	71260	"Flurithromycin"	"Macrolides/lincosamides"	"J01FA14,QJ01FA14"	"Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins"	"Macrolides"	"NA"	"abbot,beritromicina,berythromycin,berythromycine,berythromycinum,flurithromycine,flurithromycinum,fluritromicina,fluritromycinum,flurizic,mizar"	0.75	"g"			"NA"
-"FFL"	214356	"Fosfluconazole"	"Antifungals/antimycotics"	"NA"			"NA"	"fosfluconazol,procif,prodif"					"NA"
-"FOS"	446987	"Fosfomycin"	"Other antibacterials"	"J01XX01,QJ01XX01,QS02AA17,S02AA17"	"Other antibacterials"	"Other antibacterials"	"ff,fm,fo,fof,fos,fosf,fosfom,fosmyc"	"fosfocina,fosfomicin,fosfomicina,fosfomycine,fosfomycinum,fosfonomycin,infectophos,phosphonemycin,phosphonomycin,veramina"	3	"g"	8	"g"	"25596-8,25653-7,35809-3,35810-1"
-"FMD"	572	"Fosmidomycin"	"Other antibacterials"	"NA"			"NA"	"fosmidomicina,fosmidomycina,fosmidomycine,fosmidomycinsalt,fosmidomycinum"					"NA"
+"FLR1"	71260	"Flurithromycin"	"Macrolides"	"J01FA14,QJ01FA14"	"Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins"	"Macrolides"	"NA"	"abbot,beritromicina,berythromycin,berythromycine,berythromycinum,flurithromycine,flurithromycinum,fluritromicina,fluritromycinum,flurizic,mizar"	0.75	"g"			"NA"
+"FFL"	214356	"Fosfluconazole"	"Antifungals"	"NA"			"NA"	"fosfluconazol,procif,prodif"					"NA"
+"FOS"	446987	"Fosfomycin"	"Phosphonics"	"J01XX01,QJ01XX01,QS02AA17,S02AA17"	"Other antibacterials"	"Other antibacterials"	"ff,fm,fo,fof,fos,fosf,fosfom,fosmyc"	"fosfocina,fosfomicin,fosfomicina,fosfomycine,fosfomycinum,fosfonomycin,infectophos,phosphonemycin,phosphonomycin,veramina"	3	"g"	8	"g"	"25596-8,25653-7,35809-3,35810-1"
+"FMD"	572	"Fosmidomycin"	"Other"	"NA"			"NA"	"fosmidomicina,fosmidomycina,fosmidomycine,fosmidomycinsalt,fosmidomycinum"					"NA"
 "FRM"	8378	"Framycetin"	"Aminoglycosides"	"D09AA01,QD09AA01,QJ01GB91,QR01AX08,QS01AA07,R01AX08,S01AA07"			"fram,framyc"	"actilin,actiline,antibiotique,bycomycin,enterfram,fradiomycin,fradiomycinum,framicetina,framidal,framycetine,framycetinum,framycin,framygen,francetin,jernadex,myacyne,mycerin,mycifradin,neobrettin,neolate,neomas,neomcin,neomicina,neomin,neomycine,neomycinum,nivemycin,soframycin,soframycine"					"18926-6,257-6,258-4,259-2,260-0,55679-5"
-"FUR"	6870646	"Furazidin"	"Other antibacterials"	"J01XE03,QJ01XE03"	"Other antibacterials"	"Nitrofuran derivatives"	"NA"	"akritoin,furagin,furaginum,furamag,furazidine,hydantoin"	0.3	"g"			"NA"
-"FRZ"	5323714	"Furazolidone"	"Other antibacterials"	"G01AX06,QG01AX06,QJ01XE90"			"furazo"	"bifuron,corizium,coryzium,diafuron,enterotoxon,furall,furanzolidone,furaxon,furaxone,furazolidine,furazolidon,furazolidona,furazolidonum,furazolum,furidon,furmethoxadone,furovag,furoxal,furoxane,furoxon,furoxone,furozolidine,giardil,giarlam,medaron,neftin,nicolen,nifulidone,nifuran,nifurazolidone,nifurazolidonum,nitrofuradoxon,nitrofurazolidone,nitrofurazolidonum,nitrofuroxon,optazol,ortazol,puradin,roptazol,sclaventerol,tikofuran,topazone,trichofuron,tricofuron,tricoron,trifurox,viofuragyn"					"69574-2,87794-4"
-"FUS"	3000226	"Fusidic acid"	"Other antibacterials"	"D06AX01,D09AA02,J01XC01,QD06AX01,QD09AA02,QJ01XC01,QS01AA13,S01AA13"	"Other antibacterials"	"Steroid antibacterials"	"fa,fusaci,fusi"	"flucidin,fucidate,fucidina,fucidine,fucithalmic,fusidate,fusidicacid,fusidin,fusidine,taksta"	1.5	"g"	1.5	"g"	"NA"
-"GAM"	59364992	"Gamithromycin"	"Macrolides/lincosamides"	"QJ01FA95"			"NA"	"zactran"					"100054-6,88376-9,88378-5"
-"GRN"	124093	"Garenoxacin"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"J01MA19,QJ01MA19"			"gareno"	"ganefloxacin,garenfloxacin"	0.4	"g"			"35811-9,35812-7,35813-5"
-"GAT"	5379	"Gatifloxacin"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"J01MA16,QJ01MA16,QS01AE06,S01AE06"	"Quinolone antibacterials"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"gati,gatifl"	"acorafloxacin,avarofloxacin,balofloxacin,balofox,bazucin,bilimin,bonoq,gaity,gatiflo,gatifloxacine,gatifloxcin,gatilox,gatiquin,gatispan,kinome,tequin,tymer,zymar,zymaxid,zymer"	0.4	"g"	0.4	"g"	"31036-7,31038-3,31040-9,31042-5,41494-6"
-"GEM"	9571107	"Gemifloxacin"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"J01MA15,QJ01MA15"	"Quinolone antibacterials"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"gemifl"	"factiv,gemifioxacin,gemifloxacine,gemifloxacino,gemifloxacinum"	0.32	"g"	0.2	"g"	"35814-3,35815-0,35816-8,41697-4"
+"FUR"	6870646	"Furazidin"	"Nitrofurans"	"J01XE03,QJ01XE03"	"Other antibacterials"	"Nitrofuran derivatives"	"NA"	"akritoin,furagin,furaginum,furamag,furazidine,hydantoin"	0.3	"g"			"NA"
+"FRZ"	5323714	"Furazolidone"	"Nitrofurans"	"G01AX06,QG01AX06,QJ01XE90"			"furazo"	"bifuron,corizium,coryzium,diafuron,enterotoxon,furall,furanzolidone,furaxon,furaxone,furazolidine,furazolidon,furazolidona,furazolidonum,furazolum,furidon,furmethoxadone,furovag,furoxal,furoxane,furoxon,furoxone,furozolidine,giardil,giarlam,medaron,neftin,nicolen,nifulidone,nifuran,nifurazolidone,nifurazolidonum,nitrofuradoxon,nitrofurazolidone,nitrofurazolidonum,nitrofuroxon,optazol,ortazol,puradin,roptazol,sclaventerol,tikofuran,topazone,trichofuron,tricofuron,tricoron,trifurox,viofuragyn"					"69574-2,87794-4"
+"FUS"	3000226	"Fusidic acid"	"Fusidanes"	"D06AX01,D09AA02,J01XC01,QD06AX01,QD09AA02,QJ01XC01,QS01AA13,S01AA13"	"Other antibacterials"	"Steroid antibacterials"	"fa,fusaci,fusi"	"flucidin,fucidate,fucidina,fucidine,fucithalmic,fusidate,fusidicacid,fusidin,fusidine,taksta"	1.5	"g"	1.5	"g"	"NA"
+"GAM"	59364992	"Gamithromycin"	"Macrolides"	"QJ01FA95"			"NA"	"zactran"					"100054-6,88376-9,88378-5"
+"GRN"	124093	"Garenoxacin"	"Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones"	"J01MA19,QJ01MA19"			"gareno"	"ganefloxacin,garenfloxacin"	0.4	"g"			"35811-9,35812-7,35813-5"
+"GAT"	5379	"Gatifloxacin"	"Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones"	"J01MA16,QJ01MA16,QS01AE06,S01AE06"	"Quinolone antibacterials"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"gati,gatifl"	"acorafloxacin,avarofloxacin,balofloxacin,balofox,bazucin,bilimin,bonoq,gaity,gatiflo,gatifloxacine,gatifloxcin,gatilox,gatiquin,gatispan,kinome,tequin,tymer,zymar,zymaxid,zymer"	0.4	"g"	0.4	"g"	"31036-7,31038-3,31040-9,31042-5,41494-6"
+"GEM"	9571107	"Gemifloxacin"	"Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones"	"J01MA15,QJ01MA15"	"Quinolone antibacterials"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"gemifl"	"factiv,gemifioxacin,gemifloxacine,gemifloxacino,gemifloxacinum"	0.32	"g"	0.2	"g"	"35814-3,35815-0,35816-8,41697-4"
 "GEN"	3467	"Gentamicin"	"Aminoglycosides"	"D06AX07,J01GB03,QA07AA91,QD06AX07,QG01AA91,QG51AA04,QJ01GB03,QJ51GB03,QS01AA11,QS02AA14,QS03AA06,S01AA11,S02AA14,S03AA06"	"Aminoglycoside antibacterials"	"Other aminoglycosides"	"cn,ge1000,ge2000,gen,gen128,gen500,gent,genta1,gentam,gm"	"centicin,cidomycin,garamicin,garamycin,gentacycol,gentamicina,gentamicine,gentamicins,gentamicinum,gentamycins,gentamycinum,gentocin,lyramycin,oksitselanim,septigen,septocin"			0.24	"g"	"101494-3,13561-6,13562-4,15106-8,18928-2,18929-0,22746-2,22747-0,266-7,267-5,268-3,269-1,31091-2,31092-0,31093-8,35668-3,35817-6,3663-2,3664-0,3665-7,39082-3,47109-4,50630-3,59379-8,7016-9,7017-7,7018-5,80971-5,88111-0,89481-6"
 "GEH"		"Gentamicin-high"	"Aminoglycosides"	"NA"			"gehi,gehl,genta high,gentamicin high"	"NA"					"18929-0,35817-6,7017-7,7018-5"
-"GEP"	25101874	"Gepotidacin"	"Other antibacterials"	"J01XX13,QJ01XX13"			"NA"	"gepotidacina,gepotidacine"					"NA"
-"GRX"	72474	"Grepafloxacin"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"J01MA11,QJ01MA11"	"Quinolone antibacterials"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"grep,grepaf"	"grepafloxacine,grepafloxacino,lungaskin,raxar,vaxar"	0.4	"g"			"21316-5,23638-0,23639-8,35818-4"
-"GRI"	441140	"Griseofulvin"	"Antifungals/antimycotics"	"D01AA08,D01BA01,QD01AA08,QD01BA01"			"NA"	"amudane,delmofulvina,epigriseofulvin,fulcin,fulcine,fulvicin,fulvidex,fulvina,fulvinil,fulvistatin,fungivin,greosin,gresfeed,gricin,grifulin,grifulvin,grisactin,griscofulvin,grisefuline,griseo,griseofulviin,griseofulvina,griseofulvine,griseofulvinum,griseomix,griseostatin,grisetin,grisofulvin,grisovin,grisowen,grizeofulvin,grysio,guservin,lamoryl,likuden,likunden,murfulvin,poncyl,spiro,spirofulvin,xuanjing"	0.5	"g"			"12402-4,54200-1,54201-9,54202-7"
+"GEP"	25101874	"Gepotidacin"	"Other"	"J01XX13,QJ01XX13"			"NA"	"gepotidacina,gepotidacine"					"NA"
+"GRX"	72474	"Grepafloxacin"	"Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones"	"J01MA11,QJ01MA11"	"Quinolone antibacterials"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"grep,grepaf"	"grepafloxacine,grepafloxacino,lungaskin,raxar,vaxar"	0.4	"g"			"21316-5,23638-0,23639-8,35818-4"
+"GRI"	441140	"Griseofulvin"	"Antifungals"	"D01AA08,D01BA01,QD01AA08,QD01BA01"			"NA"	"amudane,delmofulvina,epigriseofulvin,fulcin,fulcine,fulvicin,fulvidex,fulvina,fulvinil,fulvistatin,fungivin,greosin,gresfeed,gricin,grifulin,grifulvin,grisactin,griscofulvin,grisefuline,griseo,griseofulviin,griseofulvina,griseofulvine,griseofulvinum,griseomix,griseostatin,grisetin,grisofulvin,grisovin,grisowen,grizeofulvin,grysio,guservin,lamoryl,likuden,likunden,murfulvin,poncyl,spiro,spirofulvin,xuanjing"	0.5	"g"			"12402-4,54200-1,54201-9,54202-7"
 "HAB"	175989	"Habekacin"	"Aminoglycosides"	"NA"			"NA"	"amikafur,amikan,amitrex,arikayce,biklin,biodacyn,chemacin,fabianol,habekacinxsulfate,likacin,pierami"					"NA"
-"HCH"	11979956	"Hachimycin"	"Antifungals/antimycotics"	"D01AA03,G01AA06,J02AA02,QD01AA03,QG01AA06,QJ02AA02"	"Antimycotics for systemic use"	"Antibiotics"	"NA"	"cabimicina,hachimicina,hachimycine,hachimycinum,trichomycinum,trichonat"					"NA"
-"HET"	443387	"Hetacillin"	"Beta-lactams/penicillins"	"J01CA18,QJ01CA18"	"Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins"	"Penicillins with extended spectrum"	"hetaci"	"etacillina,hetacilina,hetacilline,hetacillinum,natacillin,phenazacillin,versapen,versatrex"	2	"g"			"18931-6,274-1,275-8,276-6,277-4"
+"HCH"	11979956	"Hachimycin"	"Antifungals"	"D01AA03,G01AA06,J02AA02,QD01AA03,QG01AA06,QJ02AA02"	"Antimycotics for systemic use"	"Antibiotics"	"NA"	"cabimicina,hachimicina,hachimycine,hachimycinum,trichomycinum,trichonat"					"NA"
+"HET"	443387	"Hetacillin"	"Penicillins,Beta-lactams"	"J01CA18,QJ01CA18"	"Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins"	"Penicillins with extended spectrum"	"hetaci"	"etacillina,hetacilina,hetacilline,hetacillinum,natacillin,phenazacillin,versapen,versatrex"	2	"g"			"18931-6,274-1,275-8,276-6,277-4"
 "HYG"	56928061	"Hygromycin"	"Aminoglycosides"	"NA"			"NA"	"antihelmycin,destomysin,hyanthelmix,hygromix,hygrovectine,hygrovetine"					"NA"
 "IBX"		"Ibrexafungerp"	"Antifungals"	"J02AX07,QJ02AX07"			"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
-"ICL"	213043	"Iclaprim"	"Other antibacterials"	"J01EA03,QJ01EA03"			"iclapr"	"iclaprime,mersarex"					"73597-7,73619-9,73642-1"
-"IPM"	104838	"Imipenem"	"Carbapenems"	"J01DH51,QJ01DH51"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Carbapenems"	"imci,imi,imip,imip32,imipen,imp"	"imipemide,imipenemum,imipenen,primaxin,recarbrio,tienam,tienamycin"			2	"g"	"101487-7,17010-0,18932-4,18933-2,23613-3,25221-3,25257-7,27331-8,278-2,279-0,280-8,281-6,282-4,283-2,284-0,285-7,35819-2,3688-9,54170-6,54171-4,54172-2,7019-3,85424-0,93232-7,96372-8"
-"IPE"		"Imipenem/EDTA"	"Carbapenems"	"NA"			"NA"	"NA"					"35819-2,54170-6,54171-4,54172-2"
-"IMR"		"Imipenem/relebactam"	"Carbapenems"	"J01DH56,QJ01DH56"			"NA"	"NA"			2	"g"	"85424-0,93232-7,96372-8"
-"ISV"	6918485	"Isavuconazole"	"Antifungals/antimycotics"	"J02AC05,QJ02AC05"			"isav"	"benzonitrile,ravuconazole"	0.2	"g"	0.2	"g"	"85381-2,88887-5"
+"ICL"	213043	"Iclaprim"	"Trimethoprims"	"J01EA03,QJ01EA03"			"iclapr"	"iclaprime,mersarex"					"73597-7,73619-9,73642-1"
+"IPM"	104838	"Imipenem"	"Carbapenems,Beta-lactams"	"J01DH51,QJ01DH51"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Carbapenems"	"imci,imi,imip,imip32,imipen,imp"	"imipemide,imipenemum,imipenen,primaxin,recarbrio,tienam,tienamycin"			2	"g"	"101487-7,17010-0,18932-4,18933-2,23613-3,25221-3,25257-7,27331-8,278-2,279-0,280-8,281-6,282-4,283-2,284-0,285-7,35819-2,3688-9,54170-6,54171-4,54172-2,7019-3,85424-0,93232-7,96372-8"
+"IPE"		"Imipenem/EDTA"	"Carbapenems,Beta-lactams"	"NA"			"NA"	"NA"					"35819-2,54170-6,54171-4,54172-2"
+"IMR"		"Imipenem/relebactam"	"Carbapenems,Beta-lactams,Beta-lactamase inhibitors"	"J01DH56,QJ01DH56"			"NA"	"NA"			2	"g"	"85424-0,93232-7,96372-8"
+"ISV"	6918485	"Isavuconazole"	"Antifungals"	"J02AC05,QJ02AC05"			"isav"	"benzonitrile,ravuconazole"	0.2	"g"	0.2	"g"	"85381-2,88887-5"
 "ISE"	3037209	"Isepamicin"	"Aminoglycosides"	"J01GB11,QJ01GB11"	"Aminoglycoside antibacterials"	"Other aminoglycosides"	"isepam"	"isepacin,isepalline,isepamicina,isepamicine,isepamicinsulphate,isepamicinum"			0.4	"g"	"32381-6,35820-0,35821-8,55680-3"
-"ISO"	3760	"Isoconazole"	"Antifungals/antimycotics"	"D01AC05,G01AF07,QD01AC05,QG01AF07"	"Antimycotics for topic use"	"Triazole derivatives"	"NA"	"isoconazol,isoconazolum,travogen"					"55681-1,55682-9,55683-7,55684-5"
+"ISO"	3760	"Isoconazole"	"Antifungals"	"D01AC05,G01AF07,QD01AC05,QG01AF07"	"Antimycotics for topic use"	"Triazole derivatives"	"NA"	"isoconazol,isoconazolum,travogen"					"55681-1,55682-9,55683-7,55684-5"
 "INH"	3767	"Isoniazid"	"Antimycobacterials"	"J04AC01,QJ04AC01"	"Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis"	"Hydrazides"	"inh,isonia"	"abdizide,acetylisoniazide,andrazide,anidrasona,antimicina,antituberkulosum,armacide,armazid,armazide,atcotibine,azuren,cedin,cemidon,chemiazid,chemidon,continazine,cortinazine,cotinazin,cotinizin,defonin,dianicotyl,dibutin,diforin,dinacrin,dinocrin,ditubin,ebidene,eralon,ertuban,eutizon,evalon,fetefu,fimalene,hidranizil,hidrasonil,hidrulta,hidrun,hycozid,hydra,hydrazid,hyozid,hyzyd,idrazil,inizid,ipcazide,iscotin,isidrina,ismazide,isobicina,isocid,isocidene,isocotin,isohydrazide,isokin,isolyn,isonerit,isonex,isoniacid,isoniazida,isoniazide,isoniazidum,isonicazide,isonicid,isonico,isonicotan,isonicotil,isonicotinhydrazid,isonicotinohydrazide,isonide,isonidrin,isonikazid,isonilex,isonin,isonindon,isonirit,isoniton,isonizida,isonizide,isotamine,isotebe,isotebezid,isotinyl,isozid,isozide,isozyd,laniazid,laniozid,mayambutol,mybasan,neoteben,neoxin,neumandin,nevin,niadrin,nicazide,nicetal,nicizina,niconyl,nicotibina,nicotibine,nicotisan,nicozide,nidaton,nidrazid,nikozid,niplen,nitadon,niteban,nitebannsc,nydrazid,nyscozid,pelazid,percin,phthisen,preparation,pycazide,pyreazid,pyricidin,pyridicin,pyrizidin,raumanon,razide,retozide,rifater,rimicid,rimifon,rimiphone,rimitsid,robiselin,robisellin,roxifen,sanohidrazina,sauterazid,sauterzid,stanozide,tebecid,tebenic,tebexin,tebilon,tebos,teebaconin,tekazin,tibazide,tibemid,tibiazide,tibinide,tibison,tibivis,tibizide,tibusan,tisin,tisiodrazida,tizide,tubazid,tubazide,tubeco,tubecotubercid,tuberian,tubicon,tubilysin,tubizid,tubomel,tyvid,unicocyde,unicozyde,vazadrine,vederon,zidafimia,zinadon,zonazide"	0.3	"g"	0.3	"g"	"18934-0,20383-6,23947-5,25217-1,25218-9,25219-7,25451-6,26756-7,286-5,287-3,288-1,289-9,29315-9,3697-0,40371-7,42649-4,42650-2,42651-0,45215-1,48171-3,48172-1,55685-2,7020-1,89488-1"
-"IST"		"Isoniazid/sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim/pyridoxine"	"Antimycobacterials"	"NA"	"Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis"	"Combinations of drugs for treatment of tuberculosis"	"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
-"ITR"	3793	"Itraconazole"	"Antifungals/antimycotics"	"J02AC02,QJ02AC02"	"Antimycotics for systemic use"	"Triazole derivatives"	"itra,itraco"	"candistat,canditral,cladosal,fungitraxx,intraconazole,itraconazol,itraconazolo,itraconazolum,itraconzaole,itrafungol,itralek,itrizole,lozanoc,onmel,sempera,sporamelt,sporanox,sporonox,traconal,triasporin"	0.2	"g"	0.2	"g"	"10989-2,12392-7,25258-5,25452-4,27081-9,32184-4,32185-1,32603-3,54179-7,7021-9,80531-7"
-"JOS"	5282165	"Josamycin"	"Macrolides/lincosamides"	"J01FA07,QJ01FA07"	"Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins"	"Macrolides"	"josamy"	"jomybel,josamicina,josamycine,josamycinum"	2	"g"			"25597-6,25702-2,41698-2,41699-0"
+"IST"		"Isoniazid/sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim/pyridoxine"	"Trimethoprims,Sulfonamides,Antimycobacterials"	"NA"	"Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis"	"Combinations of drugs for treatment of tuberculosis"	"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
+"ITR"	3793	"Itraconazole"	"Antifungals"	"J02AC02,QJ02AC02"	"Antimycotics for systemic use"	"Triazole derivatives"	"itra,itraco"	"candistat,canditral,cladosal,fungitraxx,intraconazole,itraconazol,itraconazolo,itraconazolum,itraconzaole,itrafungol,itralek,itrizole,lozanoc,onmel,sempera,sporamelt,sporanox,sporonox,traconal,triasporin"	0.2	"g"	0.2	"g"	"10989-2,12392-7,25258-5,25452-4,27081-9,32184-4,32185-1,32603-3,54179-7,7021-9,80531-7"
+"JOS"	5282165	"Josamycin"	"Macrolides"	"J01FA07,QJ01FA07"	"Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins"	"Macrolides"	"josamy"	"jomybel,josamicina,josamycine,josamycinum"	2	"g"			"25597-6,25702-2,41698-2,41699-0"
 "KAN"	6032	"Kanamycin"	"Aminoglycosides"	"A07AA08,J01GB04,QA07AA08,QJ01GB04,QS01AA24,S01AA24"	"Aminoglycoside antibacterials"	"Other aminoglycosides"	"hlk,k,kan,kana,kanamy,km"	"kanamicina,kanamycine,kanamycins,kanamycinum,kantrex,klebcil"	3	"g"	1	"g"	"18935-7,18936-5,23609-1,23889-9,25182-7,25213-0,25214-8,290-7,291-5,292-3,293-1,3698-8,3699-6,3700-2,42652-8,47395-9,49080-5,7022-7,7023-5,7024-3,88002-1,88705-9,89482-4"
 "KAH"		"Kanamycin-high"	"Aminoglycosides"	"NA"			"k_h,kahl"	"NA"					"18936-5,7023-5,7024-3"
 "KAC"		"Kanamycin/cephalexin"	"Aminoglycosides"	"NA"			"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
-"KET"	456201	"Ketoconazole"	"Antifungals/antimycotics"	"D01AC08,G01AF11,H02CA03,J02AB02,QD01AC08,QG01AF11,QH02CA03,QJ02AB02"	"Antimycotics for systemic use"	"Imidazole derivatives"	"keto,ketoco,ktc"	"brizoral,ethanone,extina,fungarest,fungoral,ketaconazole,ketocanazole,ketoconazol,ketoconazolum,ketodan,ketoderm,ketoisdin,ketozole,kuric,levoketoconazole,nizoral,normocort,panfungol,piperazine,recorlev,sebazole,teryzolin,terzolin,tocris,xolegel"	0.6	"g"			"10990-0,12393-5,18937-3,25259-3,294-9,295-6,296-4,297-2,60091-6,60092-4,7025-0"
-"KIT"		"Kitasamycin"	"Macrolides/lincosamides"	"QJ01FA93"			"leucomycin"	"NA"					"NA"
-"LAS"	5360807	"Lasalocid"	"Other antibacterials"	"QP51BB02"			"NA"	"avatec,bovate,bovatec,lasalocide,lasalocido,lasalocidsalt,lasalocidum"					"87598-9"
-"LSC"	71528768	"Lascufloxacin"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"J01MA25,QJ01MA25"	"Quinolone antibacterials"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"NA"	"lasvic"	75	"mg"			"NA"
-"LTM"	47499	"Latamoxef"	"Cephalosporins (3rd gen.)"	"J01DD06,QJ01DD06"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Third-generation cephalosporins"	"mox,moxa,moxalactam"	"dilatamoxef,festamoxin,lamoxactam,latamoxefum,morrhuate,moxalactamsalt,moxam,shiomarin"			4	"g"	"NA"
-"LMU"	25185057	"Lefamulin"	"Other antibacterials"	"J01XX12,QJ01XX12"			"NA"	"lefamulinacetate,xenleta"					"85425-7,99281-8"
-"LEN"	65646	"Lenampicillin"	"Beta-lactams/penicillins"	"NA"			"NA"	"lenampicilina,lenampicilline,lenampicillinum,takacillin,valacillin,varacillin"					"NA"
-"LVX"	149096	"Levofloxacin"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"J01MA12,QJ01MA12,QS01AE05,S01AE05"	"Quinolone antibacterials"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"le,lev,levo,levofl,lvx"	"aeroquin,cravit,dextrofloxacin,dynaquin,elequine,iquix,levaquin,levofiexacin,levofloxacine,levofloxacino,levofloxacinum,loxof,ofloxcacin,oftaquix,quinsair,quixin,tavanic,unibiotic,venaxan"	0.5	"g"	0.5	"g"	"101501-5,20396-8,20629-2,21367-8,21368-6,30532-6,30533-4,48173-9,53716-7,7026-8,76040-5,76041-3,76042-1"
-"LEO"		"Levofloxacin/ornidazole"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"J01RA05,QJ01RA05"	"Combinations of antibacterials"	"Combinations of antibacterials"	"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
-"LND"	9850038	"Levonadifloxacin"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"J01MA24,QJ01MA24"			"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
-"LSP"		"Linco-spectin"	"Other antibacterials"	"NA"			"lincomycin/spectinomycin"	"NA"					"NA"
-"LIN"	3000540	"Lincomycin"	"Macrolides/lincosamides"	"J01FF02,QJ01FF02,QJ51FF02"	"Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins"	"Lincosamides"	"linc,lincom"	"albiotic,bactramycin,cillimycin,frademicina,jiemycin,lincocin,lincogap,lincolcina,lincolnensin,lincomicina,lincomix,lincomycine,lincomycinum,lincomyocin,lincorex,linocin,mycivin"	1.8	"g"	1.8	"g"	"18938-1,298-0,299-8,300-4,301-2,41700-6,87597-1"
+"KAS"	65174	"Kasugamycin"	"Aminoglycosides"	"NA"			"NA"	"kasumin,kasuminl"					"NA"
+"KET"	456201	"Ketoconazole"	"Antifungals"	"D01AC08,G01AF11,H02CA03,J02AB02,QD01AC08,QG01AF11,QH02CA03,QJ02AB02"	"Antimycotics for systemic use"	"Imidazole derivatives"	"keto,ketoco,ktc"	"brizoral,ethanone,extina,fungarest,fungoral,ketaconazole,ketocanazole,ketoconazol,ketoconazolum,ketodan,ketoderm,ketoisdin,ketozole,kuric,levoketoconazole,nizoral,normocort,panfungol,piperazine,recorlev,sebazole,teryzolin,terzolin,tocris,xolegel"	0.6	"g"			"10990-0,12393-5,18937-3,25259-3,294-9,295-6,296-4,297-2,60091-6,60092-4,7025-0"
+"KIT"		"Kitasamycin"	"Macrolides"	"QJ01FA93"			"leucomycin"	"NA"					"NA"
+"LAS"	5360807	"Lasalocid"	"Ionophores"	"QP51BB02"			"NA"	"avatec,bovate,bovatec,lasalocide,lasalocido,lasalocidsalt,lasalocidum"					"87598-9"
+"LSC"	71528768	"Lascufloxacin"	"Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones"	"J01MA25,QJ01MA25"	"Quinolone antibacterials"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"NA"	"lasvic"	75	"mg"			"NA"
+"LTM"	47499	"Latamoxef"	"Cephalosporins (3rd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams"	"J01DD06,QJ01DD06"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Third-generation cephalosporins"	"mox,moxa,moxalactam"	"dilatamoxef,festamoxin,lamoxactam,latamoxefum,morrhuate,moxalactamsalt,moxam,shiomarin"			4	"g"	"NA"
+"LMU"	25185057	"Lefamulin"	"Other"	"J01XX12,QJ01XX12"			"NA"	"lefamulinacetate,xenleta"					"85425-7,99281-8"
+"LEN"	65646	"Lenampicillin"	"Penicillins,Beta-lactams"	"NA"			"NA"	"lenampicilina,lenampicilline,lenampicillinum,takacillin,valacillin,varacillin"					"NA"
+"LVX"	149096	"Levofloxacin"	"Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones"	"J01MA12,QJ01MA12,QS01AE05,S01AE05"	"Quinolone antibacterials"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"le,lev,levo,levofl,lvx"	"aeroquin,cravit,dextrofloxacin,dynaquin,elequine,iquix,levaquin,levofiexacin,levofloxacine,levofloxacino,levofloxacinum,loxof,ofloxcacin,oftaquix,quinsair,quixin,tavanic,unibiotic,venaxan"	0.5	"g"	0.5	"g"	"101501-5,20396-8,20629-2,21367-8,21368-6,30532-6,30533-4,48173-9,53716-7,7026-8,76040-5,76041-3,76042-1"
+"LEO"		"Levofloxacin/ornidazole"	"Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones"	"J01RA05,QJ01RA05"	"Combinations of antibacterials"	"Combinations of antibacterials"	"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
+"LND"	9850038	"Levonadifloxacin"	"Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones"	"J01MA24,QJ01MA24"			"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
+"LSP"		"Linco-spectin"	"Other"	"NA"			"lincomycin/spectinomycin"	"NA"					"NA"
+"LIN"	3000540	"Lincomycin"	"Lincosamides"	"J01FF02,QJ01FF02,QJ51FF02"	"Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins"	"Lincosamides"	"linc,lincom"	"albiotic,bactramycin,cillimycin,frademicina,jiemycin,lincocin,lincogap,lincolcina,lincolnensin,lincomicina,lincomix,lincomycine,lincomycinum,lincomyocin,lincorex,linocin,mycivin"	1.8	"g"	1.8	"g"	"18938-1,298-0,299-8,300-4,301-2,41700-6,87597-1"
 "LNZ"	441401	"Linezolid"	"Oxazolidinones"	"J01XX08,QJ01XX08"	"Other antibacterials"	"Other antibacterials"	"line,linezo,lnz,lz,lzd"	"desfluorolinezolid,linezoid,linezolidum,zivoxid,zyvox,zyvoxa,zyvoxam,zyvoxid"	1.2	"g"	1.2	"g"	"29254-0,29255-7,29258-1,33332-8,34202-2,41500-0,80609-1,88706-7,96111-0"
-"LFE"		"Linoprist-flopristin"	"Other antibacterials"	"NA"			"linflo"	"NA"					"NA"
-"LOM"	3948	"Lomefloxacin"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"J01MA07,QJ01MA07,QS01AE04,S01AE04"	"Quinolone antibacterials"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"lmf,lom,lome,lomefl"	"bareon,logiflox,lomebact,lomefloxacine,lomefloxacino,lomefloxacinum,maxaquin,maxaquine,mazaquin,okacin,okacyn,uniquin"	0.4	"g"			"18939-9,302-0,303-8,304-6,305-3,41701-4"
-"LOR"	5284585	"Loracarbef"	"Cephalosporins (2nd gen.)"	"J01DC08,QJ01DC08"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Second-generation cephalosporins"	"lora,loraca"	"carbac,lorabid,loracarbefum,lorafem,lorbef,loribid"	0.6	"g"			"18940-7,306-1,307-9,308-7,309-5,7027-6"
+"LFE"		"Linoprist-flopristin"	"Other"	"NA"			"linflo"	"NA"					"NA"
+"LOM"	3948	"Lomefloxacin"	"Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones"	"J01MA07,QJ01MA07,QS01AE04,S01AE04"	"Quinolone antibacterials"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"lmf,lom,lome,lomefl"	"bareon,logiflox,lomebact,lomefloxacine,lomefloxacino,lomefloxacinum,maxaquin,maxaquine,mazaquin,okacin,okacyn,uniquin"	0.4	"g"			"18939-9,302-0,303-8,304-6,305-3,41701-4"
+"LOR"	5284585	"Loracarbef"	"Cephalosporins (2nd gen.),Cephalosporins,Beta-lactams"	"J01DC08,QJ01DC08"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Second-generation cephalosporins"	"lora,loraca"	"carbac,lorabid,loracarbefum,lorafem,lorbef,loribid"	0.6	"g"			"18940-7,306-1,307-9,308-7,309-5,7027-6"
 "LYM"	54707177	"Lymecycline"	"Tetracyclines"	"J01AA04,QJ01AA04"	"Tetracyclines"	"Tetracyclines"	"NA"	"armyl,chlortetracyclin,ciclisin,ciclolysal,ciclolysine,eficiclina,infaciclina,limeciclina,lisinbiotic,lymecyclinum,mucomycin,ntetracycline,tetralisal,tetralysal,vebicyclysal"	0.6	"g"	0.6	"g"	"18941-5,310-3,311-1,312-9,313-7"
-"MNA"	1292	"Mandelic acid"	"Other antibacterials"	"B05CA06,J01XX06,QB05CA06,QJ01XX06"	"Other antibacterials"	"Other antibacterials"	"NA"	"amygdalate,mandelsaeure,paramandelate,phenylglycolate,phenylhydroxyacetate,uromaline"	12	"g"			"NA"
+"MNA"	1292	"Mandelic acid"	"Other"	"B05CA06,J01XX06,QB05CA06,QJ01XX06"	"Other antibacterials"	"Other antibacterials"	"NA"	"amygdalate,mandelsaeure,paramandelate,phenylglycolate,phenylhydroxyacetate,uromaline"	12	"g"			"NA"
 "MGX"		"Manogepix"	"Antifungals"	"NA"			"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
-"MAR"	60651	"Marbofloxacin"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"QJ01MA93"			"marbof"	"marbocyl,marbofloxacine,marbofloxacino,marbofloxacinum,marboquin,zeniquin"					"73596-9,73618-1,73641-3"
-"MEC"	36273	"Mecillinam"	"Beta-lactams/penicillins"	"J01CA11,QJ01CA11"	"Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins"	"Penicillins with extended spectrum"	"amdinocillin,mecill"	"amdinocillin,coactin,hexacillin,mecilinamo,mecillinamum,selexidin"			1.2	"g"	"NA"
-"MEL"	71306732	"Meleumycin"	"Macrolides/lincosamides"	"NA"			"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
-"MEM"	441130	"Meropenem"	"Carbapenems"	"J01DH02,QJ01DH02"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Carbapenems"	"mem,mer,mero,merope,mp,mrp"	"meronem,meropen,meropenemum,merrem"			3	"g"	"101222-8,101488-5,101489-3,18943-1,41406-0,6651-4,6652-2,6653-0,6654-8,7029-2,85426-5,85427-3,88892-5,90980-4"
-"MNC"		"Meropenem/nacubactam"	"Carbapenems"	"NA"			"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
-"MEV"		"Meropenem/vaborbactam"	"Carbapenems"	"J01DH52,QJ01DH52"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Carbapenems"	"NA"	"NA"			3	"g"	"101222-8,101489-3,85427-3,88892-5,90980-4"
-"MES"	176886	"Mesulfamide"	"Other antibacterials"	"NA"			"NA"	"mesulfamida,mesulfamido,mesulfamidum"					"NA"
+"MAR"	60651	"Marbofloxacin"	"Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones"	"QJ01MA93"			"marbof"	"marbocyl,marbofloxacine,marbofloxacino,marbofloxacinum,marboquin,zeniquin"					"73596-9,73618-1,73641-3"
+"MEC"	36273	"Mecillinam"	"Penicillins,Beta-lactams"	"J01CA11,QJ01CA11"	"Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins"	"Penicillins with extended spectrum"	"amdinocillin,mecill"	"amdinocillin,coactin,hexacillin,mecilinamo,mecillinamum,selexidin"			1.2	"g"	"NA"
+"MEL"	71306732	"Meleumycin"	"Macrolides"	"NA"			"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
+"MEM"	441130	"Meropenem"	"Carbapenems,Beta-lactams"	"J01DH02,QJ01DH02"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Carbapenems"	"mem,mer,mero,merope,mp,mrp"	"meronem,meropen,meropenemum,merrem"			3	"g"	"101222-8,101488-5,101489-3,18943-1,41406-0,6651-4,6652-2,6653-0,6654-8,7029-2,85426-5,85427-3,88892-5,90980-4"
+"MNC"		"Meropenem/nacubactam"	"Carbapenems,Beta-lactams,Beta-lactamase inhibitors"	"NA"			"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
+"MEV"		"Meropenem/vaborbactam"	"Carbapenems,Beta-lactams,Beta-lactamase inhibitors"	"J01DH52,QJ01DH52"	"Other beta-lactam antibacterials"	"Carbapenems"	"NA"	"NA"			3	"g"	"101222-8,101489-3,85427-3,88892-5,90980-4"
+"MES"	176886	"Mesulfamide"	"Other"	"NA"			"NA"	"mesulfamida,mesulfamido,mesulfamidum"					"NA"
 "MTC"	54675785	"Metacycline"	"Tetracyclines"	"J01AA05,QJ01AA05"	"Tetracyclines"	"Tetracyclines"	"methcy"	"bialatan,metaciclina,metacyclinum,methacyclin,methacycline,methacyclinum,methylenecycline,physiomycine,rondomycin"	0.6	"g"			"NA"
-"MTM"	6713928	"Metampicillin"	"Beta-lactams/penicillins"	"J01CA14,QJ01CA14"	"Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins"	"Penicillins with extended spectrum"	"NA"	"blomopen,bonopen,celinmicina,elatocilline,filorex,magnipen,metambac,metampen,metampicilina,metampicillina,metampicilline,metampicillinsalt,metampicillinum,micinovo,ocelina,pangocilin,probiotic,relyothenate,ruticina,rutizina,sedomycin,serfabiotic,suvipen,viderpen,viderpin,vioplex"	1.5	"g"	1.5	"g"	"NA"
-"MTH"	4101	"Methenamine"	"Other antibacterials"	"J01XX05,QJ01XX05"	"Other antibacterials"	"Other antibacterials"	"NA"	"aminoform,aminoformaldehyde,ammoform,ammonioformaldehyde,antihydral,carin,cystamin,cystex,cystogen,duirexol,esametilentetramina,formamine,formin,grasselerator,heterin,hexaform,hexaloids,hexamethylamine,hexamethylenamine,hexamethyleneamine,hexamethylentetramin,hexamine,hexaminum,hexasan,hexilmethylenamine,metenamina,metenamine,methamin,methamine,methenamin,methenaminum,metramine,naphthamine,pellurin,resotropin,uramin,urasal,uratrine,urisol,uritone,urodeine,urotropin,urotropine,vesaloin,xametrin"	3	"g"			"NA"
-"MET"	6087	"Meticillin"	"Beta-lactams/penicillins"	"J01CF03,QJ01CF03,QJ51CF03"	"Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins"	"Beta-lactamase resistant penicillins"	"methic,meti"	"belfacillin,celbenin,celpilline,cinopenil,dimocillin,estafcilina,flabelline,lucopenin,metacillin,methcillin,methicillin,methicillinanhydrous,methicillinhydrate,methicillinsalt,methicillinum,methycillin,meticilina,meticillina,meticilline,meticillinsalt,meticillinum,penaureus,penysol,staficyn,staphcillin,synticillin"			4	"g"	"NA"
-"MTP"	68590	"Metioprim"	"Other antibacterials"	"NA"			"NA"	"methioprim,metioprima,metioprime,metioprimum"					"NA"
-"MXT"	3047729	"Metioxate"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"NA"			"NA"	"metioxato,metioxatum"					"NA"
-"MTR"	4173	"Metronidazole"	"Other antibacterials"	"A01AB17,D06BX01,G01AF01,J01XD01,P01AB01,QA01AB17,QD06BX01,QG01AF01,QJ01XD01,QP51CA01"	"Other antibacterials"	"Imidazole derivatives"	"metr,metron,mnz"	"acromona,anagiardil,arilin,atrivyl,bexon,clont,danizol,deflamon,donnan,efloran,elyzol,entizol,eumin,flagemona,flagesol,flagil,flagyl,flazol,flegyl,florazole,fossyol,giatricol,gineflavir,givagil,hydroxydimetridazole,hydroxymetronidazole,izoklion,klion,klont,mepagyl,meronidal,metric,metrolag,metrolyl,metromidol,metronidazolo,metronidazolum,metroplex,metrotop,mexibol,monagyl,monasin,nalox,nidagyl,noritate,novonidazol,nuvessa,orvagil,polibiotic,protostat,rathimed,rosaced,rosased,sanatrichom,satric,takimetol,trichazol,trichex,trichobrol,trichocide,trichomol,trichopal,trichopol,tricocet,tricom,trikacide,trikamon,trikhopol,trikojol,trikozol,trimeks,trivazol,vagilen,vagimid,vandazole,vertisal,wagitran,zadstat,zidoval"	2	"g"	1.5	"g"	"10991-8,18946-4,326-9,327-7,328-5,329-3,7031-8"
-"MEZ"	656511	"Mezlocillin"	"Beta-lactams/penicillins"	"J01CA10,QJ01CA10"	"Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins"	"Penicillins with extended spectrum"	"mez,mezl,mezlo,mz"	"baycipen,baypen,mezlin,mezlocilina,mezlocilline,mezlocillinsalt,mezlocillinum,multocillin"			6	"g"	"18947-2,330-1,331-9,332-7,333-5,3820-8,41702-2,54194-6,54195-3,54196-1"
-"MSU"		"Mezlocillin/sulbactam"	"Beta-lactams/penicillins"	"NA"			"mezsul"	"NA"					"54194-6,54195-3,54196-1"
-"MIF"	477468	"Micafungin"	"Antifungals/antimycotics"	"J02AX05,QJ02AX05"	"Antimycotics for systemic use"	"Other antimycotics for systemic use"	"mica,micafu"	"fungard,funguard,micafungina,micafunginsalt,mycamine"			0.1	"g"	"53812-4,58418-5,65340-2,85048-7"
-"MCZ"	4189	"Miconazole"	"Antifungals/antimycotics"	"A01AB09,A07AC01,D01AC02,G01AF04,J02AB01,QA01AB09,QA07AC01,QD01AC02,QG01AF04,QJ02AB01,QS02AA13,S02AA13"	"Antimycotics for systemic use"	"Imidazole derivatives"	"mico"	"aflorix,albistat,andergin,brentan,conofite,dactarin,florid,micantin,miconazol,miconazolo,miconazolum,micozole,minostate,monazole,monista,monistat,oravig,vusion,zimybase,zimycan"	0.2	"g"	1	"g"	"17278-3,25607-3,25722-0,54180-5,55686-0"
+"MTM"	6713928	"Metampicillin"	"Penicillins,Beta-lactams"	"J01CA14,QJ01CA14"	"Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins"	"Penicillins with extended spectrum"	"NA"	"blomopen,bonopen,celinmicina,elatocilline,filorex,magnipen,metambac,metampen,metampicilina,metampicillina,metampicilline,metampicillinsalt,metampicillinum,micinovo,ocelina,pangocilin,probiotic,relyothenate,ruticina,rutizina,sedomycin,serfabiotic,suvipen,viderpen,viderpin,vioplex"	1.5	"g"	1.5	"g"	"NA"
+"MTH"	4101	"Methenamine"	"Other"	"J01XX05,QJ01XX05"	"Other antibacterials"	"Other antibacterials"	"NA"	"aminoform,aminoformaldehyde,ammoform,ammonioformaldehyde,antihydral,carin,cystamin,cystex,cystogen,duirexol,esametilentetramina,formamine,formin,grasselerator,heterin,hexaform,hexaloids,hexamethylamine,hexamethylenamine,hexamethyleneamine,hexamethylentetramin,hexamine,hexaminum,hexasan,hexilmethylenamine,metenamina,metenamine,methamin,methamine,methenamin,methenaminum,metramine,naphthamine,pellurin,resotropin,uramin,urasal,uratrine,urisol,uritone,urodeine,urotropin,urotropine,vesaloin,xametrin"	3	"g"			"NA"
+"MET"	6087	"Meticillin"	"Isoxazolylpenicillins,Penicillins,Beta-lactams"	"J01CF03,QJ01CF03,QJ51CF03"	"Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins"	"Beta-lactamase resistant penicillins"	"methic,meti"	"belfacillin,celbenin,celpilline,cinopenil,dimocillin,estafcilina,flabelline,lucopenin,metacillin,methcillin,methicillin,methicillinanhydrous,methicillinhydrate,methicillinsalt,methicillinum,methycillin,meticilina,meticillina,meticilline,meticillinsalt,meticillinum,penaureus,penysol,staficyn,staphcillin,synticillin"			4	"g"	"NA"
+"MTP"	68590	"Metioprim"	"Other"	"NA"			"NA"	"methioprim,metioprima,metioprime,metioprimum"					"NA"
+"MXT"	3047729	"Metioxate"	"Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones"	"NA"			"NA"	"metioxato,metioxatum"					"NA"
+"MTR"	4173	"Metronidazole"	"Other"	"A01AB17,D06BX01,G01AF01,J01XD01,P01AB01,QA01AB17,QD06BX01,QG01AF01,QJ01XD01,QP51CA01"	"Other antibacterials"	"Imidazole derivatives"	"metr,metron,mnz,mtz"	"acromona,anagiardil,arilin,atrivyl,bexon,clont,danizol,deflamon,donnan,efloran,elyzol,entizol,eumin,flagemona,flagesol,flagil,flagyl,flazol,flegyl,florazole,fossyol,giatricol,gineflavir,givagil,hydroxydimetridazole,hydroxymetronidazole,izoklion,klion,klont,mepagyl,meronidal,metric,metrolag,metrolyl,metromidol,metronidazolo,metronidazolum,metroplex,metrotop,mexibol,monagyl,monasin,nalox,nidagyl,noritate,novonidazol,nuvessa,orvagil,polibiotic,protostat,rathimed,rosaced,rosased,sanatrichom,satric,takimetol,trichazol,trichex,trichobrol,trichocide,trichomol,trichopal,trichopol,tricocet,tricom,trikacide,trikamon,trikhopol,trikojol,trikozol,trimeks,trivazol,vagilen,vagimid,vandazole,vertisal,wagitran,zadstat,zidoval"	2	"g"	1.5	"g"	"10991-8,18946-4,326-9,327-7,328-5,329-3,7031-8"
+"MEZ"	656511	"Mezlocillin"	"Ureidopenicillins,Penicillins,Beta-lactams"	"J01CA10,QJ01CA10"	"Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins"	"Penicillins with extended spectrum"	"mez,mezl,mezlo,mz"	"baycipen,baypen,mezlin,mezlocilina,mezlocilline,mezlocillinsalt,mezlocillinum,multocillin"			6	"g"	"18947-2,330-1,331-9,332-7,333-5,3820-8,41702-2,54194-6,54195-3,54196-1"
+"MSU"		"Mezlocillin/sulbactam"	"Penicillins,Beta-lactams,Beta-lactamase inhibitors"	"NA"			"mezsul"	"NA"					"54194-6,54195-3,54196-1"
+"MIF"	477468	"Micafungin"	"Antifungals"	"J02AX05,QJ02AX05"	"Antimycotics for systemic use"	"Other antimycotics for systemic use"	"mica,micafu"	"fungard,funguard,micafungina,micafunginsalt,mycamine"			0.1	"g"	"53812-4,58418-5,65340-2,85048-7"
+"MCZ"	4189	"Miconazole"	"Antifungals"	"A01AB09,A07AC01,D01AC02,G01AF04,J02AB01,QA01AB09,QA07AC01,QD01AC02,QG01AF04,QJ02AB01,QS02AA13,S02AA13"	"Antimycotics for systemic use"	"Imidazole derivatives"	"mico"	"aflorix,albistat,andergin,brentan,conofite,dactarin,florid,micantin,miconazol,miconazolo,miconazolum,micozole,minostate,monazole,monista,monistat,oravig,vusion,zimybase,zimycan"	0.2	"g"	1	"g"	"17278-3,25607-3,25722-0,54180-5,55686-0"
 "MCR"	3037206	"Micronomicin"	"Aminoglycosides"	"QS01AA22,S01AA22"			"micron"	"micromicin,micromycin,micronomicina,micronomicine,micronomicinum,sagamicin,santemycin"					"NA"
-"MID"	5282169	"Midecamycin"	"Macrolides/lincosamides"	"J01FA03,QJ01FA03"	"Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins"	"Macrolides"	"mideka"	"macropen,madecacine,medemycin,midecamicina,midecamycine,midecamycinum,midecin,momicine,myoxam,normicina,rubimycin"	1.2	"g"	1	"g"	"NA"
-"MIL"	37614	"Miloxacin"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"NA"			"amiflo"	"miloxacine,miloxacino,miloxacinum"					"NA"
+"MID"	5282169	"Midecamycin"	"Macrolides"	"J01FA03,QJ01FA03"	"Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins"	"Macrolides"	"mideka"	"macropen,madecacine,medemycin,midecamicina,midecamycine,midecamycinum,midecin,momicine,myoxam,normicina,rubimycin"	1.2	"g"	1	"g"	"NA"
+"MIL"	37614	"Miloxacin"	"Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones"	"NA"			"amiflo"	"miloxacine,miloxacino,miloxacinum"					"NA"
 "MNO"	54675783	"Minocycline"	"Tetracyclines"	"A01AB23,D10AF07,J01AA08,QA01AB23,QD10AF07,QJ01AA08"	"Tetracyclines"	"Tetracyclines"	"mc,mh,mi,min,mino,minocy,mn,mno"	"acnez,arestin,borymycin,dynacin,lederderm,minociclina,minocin,minocline,minocyclin,minocyclinum,minocyn,minomax,minomycin,mynocine,periocline,solodyn,vectrin,ximino"	1	"mg"	0.2	"g"	"18948-0,25225-4,334-3,335-0,336-8,337-6,34606-4,3822-4,49757-8,55156-4,7032-6"
-"MCM"	5282188	"Miocamycin"	"Macrolides/lincosamides"	"J01FA11,QJ01FA11"	"Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins"	"Macrolides"	"NA"	"acecamycin,macroral,miocamen,miocamycine,miokamycin,mosil,myocamicin,ponsinomycin"	1.2	"g"			"18949-8,338-4,339-2,340-0,341-8,55687-8"
-"MON"	23667299	"Monensin sodium"	"Other antibacterials"	"NA"			"NA"	"coban,elancoban,monelan,monensin,monensina,monensine,monensinum,monovet,romensin,rumensin"					"NA"
+"MCM"	5282188	"Miocamycin"	"Macrolides"	"J01FA11,QJ01FA11"	"Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins"	"Macrolides"	"NA"	"acecamycin,macroral,miocamen,miocamycine,miokamycin,mosil,myocamicin,ponsinomycin"	1.2	"g"			"18949-8,338-4,339-2,340-0,341-8,55687-8"
+"MON"	23667299	"Monensin sodium"	"Ionophores"	"NA"			"NA"	"coban,elancoban,monelan,monensin,monensina,monensine,monensinum,monovet,romensin,rumensin"					"NA"
 "MRN"	70374	"Morinamide"	"Antimycobacterials"	"J04AK04,QJ04AK04"	"Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis"	"Other drugs for treatment of tuberculosis"	"NA"	"morfazinamide,morfazinammide,morfgazinamide,morinamida,morinamidum,morphazinamid,morphazinamide,piazofolina,piazolin,piazolina"					"NA"
-"MFX"	152946	"Moxifloxacin"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"J01MA14,QJ01MA14,QS01AE07,S01AE07"	"Quinolone antibacterials"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"mox,moxi,moxifl,mxf"	"actira,actura,avalox,avelox,avolex,izilox,moxeza,moxifloxacine,moxifloxacino,octegra,vegamox,vigamox,zimoxin"	0.4	"g"	0.4	"g"	"31037-5,31039-1,31041-7,31043-3,41502-6,43751-7,45223-5,76043-9,76044-7,76045-4,80540-8,88707-5,93497-6,96112-8"
-"MUP"	446596	"Mupirocin"	"Other antibacterials"	"D06AX09,QD06AX09,QR01AX06,R01AX06"			"mup,mupi,mupiro"	"bactoderm,bactroban,centany,mupirocina,mupirocine,mupirocinum,plasimine,turixin"					"20389-3,35822-6,35823-4,60542-8,60543-6,7033-4"
-"NAC"	73386748	"Nacubactam"	"Beta-lactams/penicillins"	"NA"			"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
-"NAD"	4410	"Nadifloxacin"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"D10AF05,QD10AF05"			"NA"	"acuatim,nadifloxacine,nadifloxacino,nadifloxacinum,nadixa,nadoxin"					"NA"
-"NAF"	8982	"Nafcillin"	"Beta-lactams/penicillins"	"J01CF06,QJ01CF06"			"nafcil"	"nafcil,nafcilin,nafcilina,nafcillinanhydrous,nafcilline,nafcillinhydrate,nafcillinmonohydrate,nafcillinsalt,nafcillinum,naftopen,nallpen,naphcillin,naphthicillin,unipen"			3	"g"	"10993-4,18951-4,25232-0,346-7,347-5,348-3,349-1,41704-8"
-"ZWK"	117587595	"Nafithromycin"	"Macrolides/lincosamides"	"NA"			"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
+"MFX"	152946	"Moxifloxacin"	"Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones"	"J01MA14,QJ01MA14,QS01AE07,S01AE07"	"Quinolone antibacterials"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"mox,moxi,moxifl,mxf"	"actira,actura,avalox,avelox,avolex,izilox,moxeza,moxifloxacine,moxifloxacino,octegra,vegamox,vigamox,zimoxin"	0.4	"g"	0.4	"g"	"31037-5,31039-1,31041-7,31043-3,41502-6,43751-7,45223-5,76043-9,76044-7,76045-4,80540-8,88707-5,93497-6,96112-8"
+"MUP"	446596	"Mupirocin"	"Other"	"D06AX09,QD06AX09,QR01AX06,R01AX06"			"mup,mupi,mupiro"	"bactoderm,bactroban,centany,mupirocina,mupirocine,mupirocinum,plasimine,turixin"					"20389-3,35822-6,35823-4,60542-8,60543-6,7033-4"
+"NAC"	73386748	"Nacubactam"	"Beta-lactamase inhibitors"	"NA"			"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
+"NAD"	4410	"Nadifloxacin"	"Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones"	"D10AF05,QD10AF05"			"NA"	"acuatim,nadifloxacine,nadifloxacino,nadifloxacinum,nadixa,nadoxin"					"NA"
+"NAF"	8982	"Nafcillin"	"Penicillins,Beta-lactams"	"J01CF06,QJ01CF06"			"nafcil"	"nafcil,nafcilin,nafcilina,nafcillinanhydrous,nafcilline,nafcillinhydrate,nafcillinmonohydrate,nafcillinsalt,nafcillinum,naftopen,nallpen,naphcillin,naphthicillin,unipen"			3	"g"	"10993-4,18951-4,25232-0,346-7,347-5,348-3,349-1,41704-8"
+"ZWK"	117587595	"Nafithromycin"	"Macrolides"	"NA"			"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
 "NAL"	4421	"Nalidixic acid"	"Quinolones"	"J01MB02,QJ01MB02"	"Quinolone antibacterials"	"Other quinolones"	"na,nal,nalac,nali"	"amfonelinsaeure,baktogram,betaxina,chemiurin,cybis,dixiben,dixilina,dixinal,eucisten,eucistin,innoxalomn,innoxalon,jicsron,kusnarin,nalidicron,nalidixan,nalidixane,nalidixate,nalidixateanhydrous,nalidixic,nalidixin,nalidixinsaure,nalitucsan,nalix,nalurin,narigix,naxuril,negram,nevigramon,nicelate,nogram,poleon,sicmylon,specifen,specifin,unaserus,uralgin,uriben,uriclar,urisal,urodixin,uroman,uroneg,uronidix,uropan,wintomylon,wintron"	4	"g"			"NA"
 "NAL-S"		"Nalidixic acid screening test"	"Quinolones"	"NA"			"nal screen"	"NA"					"NA"
-"NAR"	65452	"Narasin"	"Other antibacterials"	"QP51BB04"			"narasi"	"monteban,narasine,narasino,narasinum,skycis"					"87570-8"
-"NEM"	11993740	"Nemonoxacin"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"J01MB08,QJ01MB08"	"Quinolone antibacterials"	"Other quinolones"	"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
-"NEO"	8378	"Neomycin"	"Aminoglycosides"	"A01AB08,A07AA01,B05CA09,D06AX04,J01GB05,QA01AB08,QA07AA01,QB05CA09,QD06AX04,QJ01GB05,QR02AB01,QS01AA03,QS02AA07,QS03AA01,R02AB01,S01AA03,S02AA07,S03AA01"	"Aminoglycoside antibacterials"	"Other aminoglycosides"	"neom,neomyc"	"NA"	5	"g"	1	"g"	"10995-9,18953-0,25262-7,354-1,355-8,356-6,357-4,41705-5"
+"NAR"	65452	"Narasin"	"Ionophores"	"QP51BB04"			"narasi"	"monteban,narasine,narasino,narasinum,skycis"					"87570-8"
+"NEM"	11993740	"Nemonoxacin"	"Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones"	"J01MB08,QJ01MB08"	"Quinolone antibacterials"	"Other quinolones"	"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
+"NEO"		"Neomycin"	"Aminoglycosides"	"A01AB08,A07AA01,B05CA09,D06AX04,J01GB05,QA01AB08,QA07AA01,QB05CA09,QD06AX04,QJ01GB05,QR02AB01,QS01AA03,QS02AA07,QS03AA01,R02AB01,S01AA03,S02AA07,S03AA01"	"Aminoglycoside antibacterials"	"Other aminoglycosides"	"neom,neomyc"	"NA"	5	"g"	1	"g"	"10995-9,18953-0,25262-7,354-1,355-8,356-6,357-4,41705-5"
 "NET"	441306	"Netilmicin"	"Aminoglycosides"	"J01GB07,QJ01GB07,QS01AA23,S01AA23"	"Aminoglycoside antibacterials"	"Other aminoglycosides"	"neti,netilm"	"netillin,netilmicina,netilmicine,netilmicinum,netilyn,netira,netromicine,netromycin,nettacin,ntromicine,ntromycin,vectacin,zetamicin"	0.35	"g"	0.35	"g"	"18954-8,25263-5,358-2,359-0,360-8,361-6,3848-9,3849-7,3850-5,47385-0,59565-2,59566-0,59567-8,7035-9"
-"NIC"	9507	"Nicarbazin"	"Other antibacterials"	"NA"			"NA"	"nicarb,nicarbasin,nicarbazine,nicarmix,nicoxin,nicrazin,nicrazine,nirazin"					"NA"
-"NIF"	71946	"Nifuroquine"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"NA"			"NA"	"abimasten,nifuroquina,nifuroquinum,quinaldofur"					"NA"
-"NFR"	9571062	"Nifurtoinol"	"Other antibacterials"	"J01XE02,QJ01XE02"	"Other antibacterials"	"Nitrofuran derivatives"	"NA"	"levantin,nifurmazol,nifurmazole,nifurmazolo,nifurmazolum,nifurtoinolo,nifurtoinolum,urfadin,urfadine,urfadyn"	0.16	"g"			"NA"
-"NTZ"	41684	"Nitazoxanide"	"Other antibacterials"	"P01AX11"			"NA"	"alinia,benzamide,colufase,cryptaz,daxon,dexidex,heliton,kidonax,nitax,nitaxozanid,nitaxozanide,nitazox,nitazoxamide,nitazoxanid,nitazoxanida,nitazoxanidum,nitrazoxanide,pacovanton,paramix,phavic"	1	"g"			"73595-1,73617-3,73640-5"
-"NIT"	6604200	"Nitrofurantoin"	"Other antibacterials"	"J01XE01,QJ01XE01"	"Other antibacterials"	"Nitrofuran derivatives"	"f,f/m,fd,ft,ni,nit,nit16,nitr,nitro"	"alfuran,benkfuran,berkfuran,berkfurin,ceduran,chemiofuran,cistofuran,cyantin,cystit,dantafur,fuamed,furabid,furachel,furadantin,furadantine,furadantoin,furadoin,furadoine,furadonin,furadonine,furadoninum,furadontin,furalan,furaloid,furantoina,furatoin,furedan,furina,furobactina,furodantin,gerofuran,ituran,macpac,macrobid,macrodantin,macrodantina,macrofuran,macrofurin,nierofu,nifuraden,nifuradene,nifuradeno,nifuradenum,nifuradine,nifurantin,nifuretten,nitoin,nitrex,nitrofuradantin,nitrofurantoina,nitrofurantoine,nitrofurantoinum,novofuran,orafuran,oxafuradene,oxafurandene,oxifuradene,oxyfuradene,parfuran,phenurin,renafur,siraliden,trantoin,uerineks,urizept,urodin,urofuran,urofurin,urolisa,urolong,uvamin,welfurin,zoofurin"	0.2	"g"			"18955-5,362-4,363-2,364-0,365-7,3860-4,7036-7"
-"NIZ"	5447130	"Nitrofurazone"	"Other antibacterials"	"NA"			"nitfur"	"acutol,aldomycin,alfucin,amifur,babrocid,becafurazone,biofuracina,biofurea,chemofuran,chixin,cocafurin,coxistat,dermofural,dymazone,dynazone,eldezol,fedacin,flavazone,fracine,furacilin,furacilinum,furacillin,furacin,furacine,furacinetten,furacoccid,furacort,furacycline,furaderm,furagent,furalcyn,furaldon,furalone,furametral,furaplast,furaseptyl,furaskin,furatsilin,furaziline,furazin,furazina,furazyme,furesol,furosem,fuvacillin,hemofuran,hydrazinecarboxamide,ibiofural,mammex,mastofuran,monafuracin,monafuracis,monofuracin,nefco,nifucin,nifurid,nifuzon,nitrofural,nitrofuralum,nitrofuran,nitrofurane,nitrofurazan,nitrofurazonum,nitrofurol,nitrozone,otofural,otofuran,rivafurazon,rivopon,sanfuran,semioxamazide,vabrocid,vadrocid,yatrocin"					"20388-5,87793-6"
-"NTR"	19910	"Nitroxoline"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"J01XX07,QJ01XX07"	"Other antibacterials"	"Other antibacterials"	"NA"	"galinok,isinok,nibiol,nicene,nitroxlina,nitroxolin,nitroxolina,nitroxolinum,noxibiol,noxin"	1	"g"			"25608-1,25723-8,32382-4,54181-3,55688-6"
-"NOR"	4539	"Norfloxacin"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"J01MA06,QJ01MA06,QS01AE02,S01AE02"	"Quinolone antibacterials"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"nor,norf,norflo,nx,nxn"	"baccidal,barazan,chibroxin,chibroxine,chibroxol,fulgram,gonorcin,lexinor,nolicin,noracin,noraxin,norflo,norfloxacine,norfloxacino,norfloxacinum,norocin,noroxin,noroxine,norxacin,sebercim,uroxacin,utinor,zoroxin"	0.8	"g"			"18956-3,366-5,367-3,368-1,369-9,3867-9,41504-2,7037-5"
-"NOR-S"		"Norfloxacin screening test"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"NA"			"nor screen"	"NA"					"NA"
-"NME"		"Norfloxacin/metronidazole"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"J01RA14,QJ01RA14"	"Combinations of antibacterials"	"Combinations of antibacterials"	"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
-"NTI"		"Norfloxacin/tinidazole"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"J01RA13,QJ01RA13"	"Combinations of antibacterials"	"Combinations of antibacterials"	"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
-"NVA"	10419027	"Norvancomycin"	"Glycopeptides"	"NA"			"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
-"NOV"	54675769	"Novobiocin"	"Other antibacterials"	"QJ01XX95"			"novo,novobi"	"albadry,albamix,albamycin,biotexin,cardelmycin,cardelmycinsalt,cathocin,cathomycin,inabiocin,novobiocina,novobiocine,novobiocinsalt,novobiocinum,robiocina,sirbiocina,spheromycin,stilbiocina,streptonivicin,streptonivicinsalt,vulcamicina,vulcamycin,vulkamycin"					"17378-1,18957-1,370-7,371-5,372-3,373-1,41706-3"
-"NYS"	6433272	"Nystatin"	"Antifungals/antimycotics"	"A07AA02,D01AA01,G01AA01,QA07AA02,QD01AA01,QG01AA01"			"nyst,nystan"	"biofanal,diastatin,herniocid,moronal,myconystatin,mycostatin,mykostatyna,nilstat,nistatin,nistatina,nyotran,nystan,nystatyna,nystavescent,nystex"	1.5	"MU"			"10697-1,10698-9,18958-9,35824-2,55689-4"
-"OFX"	4583	"Ofloxacin"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"J01MA01,QJ01MA01,QS01AE01,QS02AA16,S01AE01,S02AA16"	"Quinolone antibacterials"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"of,ofl,oflo,ofloxa,ofx"	"exocin,exocine,flobacin,floxil,floxin,monoflocet,oflocet,ofloxacina,ofloxacine,ofloxacino,ofloxacinum,ofloxaxin,oxaldin,tarivid,visiren,zanocin"	0.4	"g"	0.4	"g"	"18959-7,20384-4,23948-3,25264-3,374-9,375-6,376-4,377-2,3877-8,41408-6,41409-4,41410-2,42653-6,7038-3,72168-8"
-"OOR"		"Ofloxacin/ornidazole"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"J01RA09,QJ01RA09"	"Combinations of antibacterials"	"Combinations of antibacterials"	"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
-"OLE"	72493	"Oleandomycin"	"Macrolides/lincosamides"	"J01FA05,QJ01FA05"	"Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins"	"Macrolides"	"oleand"	"amimycin,landomycin,matromycin,oleandomicina,oleandomycine,oleandomycinum,romicil"	1	"g"			"18960-5,378-0,379-8,380-6,381-4,55690-2"
+"NIC"	9507	"Nicarbazin"	"Other"	"NA"			"NA"	"nicarb,nicarbasin,nicarbazine,nicarmix,nicoxin,nicrazin,nicrazine,nirazin"					"NA"
+"NIF"	71946	"Nifuroquine"	"Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones"	"NA"			"NA"	"abimasten,nifuroquina,nifuroquinum,quinaldofur"					"NA"
+"NFR"	9571062	"Nifurtoinol"	"Nitrofurans"	"J01XE02,QJ01XE02"	"Other antibacterials"	"Nitrofuran derivatives"	"NA"	"levantin,nifurmazol,nifurmazole,nifurmazolo,nifurmazolum,nifurtoinolo,nifurtoinolum,urfadin,urfadine,urfadyn"	0.16	"g"			"NA"
+"NTZ"	41684	"Nitazoxanide"	"Other"	"P01AX11"			"NA"	"alinia,benzamide,colufase,cryptaz,daxon,dexidex,heliton,kidonax,nitax,nitaxozanid,nitaxozanide,nitazox,nitazoxamide,nitazoxanid,nitazoxanida,nitazoxanidum,nitrazoxanide,pacovanton,paramix,phavic"	1	"g"			"73595-1,73617-3,73640-5"
+"NIT"	6604200	"Nitrofurantoin"	"Nitrofurans"	"J01XE01,QJ01XE01"	"Other antibacterials"	"Nitrofuran derivatives"	"f,f/m,fd,ft,ni,nit,nit16,nitr,nitro"	"alfuran,benkfuran,berkfuran,berkfurin,ceduran,chemiofuran,cistofuran,cyantin,cystit,dantafur,fuamed,furabid,furachel,furadantin,furadantine,furadantoin,furadoin,furadoine,furadonin,furadonine,furadoninum,furadontin,furalan,furaloid,furantoina,furatoin,furedan,furina,furobactina,furodantin,gerofuran,ituran,macpac,macrobid,macrodantin,macrodantina,macrofuran,macrofurin,nierofu,nifuraden,nifuradene,nifuradeno,nifuradenum,nifuradine,nifurantin,nifuretten,nitoin,nitrex,nitrofuradantin,nitrofurantoina,nitrofurantoine,nitrofurantoinum,novofuran,orafuran,oxafuradene,oxafurandene,oxifuradene,oxyfuradene,parfuran,phenurin,renafur,siraliden,trantoin,uerineks,urizept,urodin,urofuran,urofurin,urolisa,urolong,uvamin,welfurin,zoofurin"	0.2	"g"			"18955-5,362-4,363-2,364-0,365-7,3860-4,7036-7"
+"NIZ"	5447130	"Nitrofurazone"	"Nitrofurans"	"NA"			"nitfur"	"acutol,aldomycin,alfucin,amifur,babrocid,becafurazone,biofuracina,biofurea,chemofuran,chixin,cocafurin,coxistat,dermofural,dymazone,dynazone,eldezol,fedacin,flavazone,fracine,furacilin,furacilinum,furacillin,furacin,furacine,furacinetten,furacoccid,furacort,furacycline,furaderm,furagent,furalcyn,furaldon,furalone,furametral,furaplast,furaseptyl,furaskin,furatsilin,furaziline,furazin,furazina,furazyme,furesol,furosem,fuvacillin,hemofuran,hydrazinecarboxamide,ibiofural,mammex,mastofuran,monafuracin,monafuracis,monofuracin,nefco,nifucin,nifurid,nifuzon,nitrofural,nitrofuralum,nitrofuran,nitrofurane,nitrofurazan,nitrofurazonum,nitrofurol,nitrozone,otofural,otofuran,rivafurazon,rivopon,sanfuran,semioxamazide,vabrocid,vadrocid,yatrocin"					"20388-5,87793-6"
+"NTR"	19910	"Nitroxoline"	"Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones"	"J01XX07,QJ01XX07"	"Other antibacterials"	"Other antibacterials"	"NA"	"galinok,isinok,nibiol,nicene,nitroxlina,nitroxolin,nitroxolina,nitroxolinum,noxibiol,noxin"	1	"g"			"25608-1,25723-8,32382-4,54181-3,55688-6"
+"NOR"	4539	"Norfloxacin"	"Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones"	"J01MA06,QJ01MA06,QS01AE02,S01AE02"	"Quinolone antibacterials"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"nor,norf,norflo,nx,nxn"	"baccidal,barazan,chibroxin,chibroxine,chibroxol,fulgram,gonorcin,lexinor,nolicin,noracin,noraxin,norflo,norfloxacine,norfloxacino,norfloxacinum,norocin,noroxin,noroxine,norxacin,sebercim,uroxacin,utinor,zoroxin"	0.8	"g"			"18956-3,366-5,367-3,368-1,369-9,3867-9,41504-2,7037-5"
+"NOR-S"		"Norfloxacin screening test"	"Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones"	"NA"			"nor screen"	"NA"					"NA"
+"NME"		"Norfloxacin/metronidazole"	"Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones"	"J01RA14,QJ01RA14"	"Combinations of antibacterials"	"Combinations of antibacterials"	"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
+"NTI"		"Norfloxacin/tinidazole"	"Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones"	"J01RA13,QJ01RA13"	"Combinations of antibacterials"	"Combinations of antibacterials"	"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
+"NVA"	10419027	"Norvancomycin"	"Glycopeptides,Peptides"	"NA"			"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
+"NOV"	54675769	"Novobiocin"	"Aminocoumarins"	"QJ01XX95"			"novo,novobi"	"albadry,albamix,albamycin,biotexin,cardelmycin,cardelmycinsalt,cathocin,cathomycin,inabiocin,novobiocina,novobiocine,novobiocinsalt,novobiocinum,robiocina,sirbiocina,spheromycin,stilbiocina,streptonivicin,streptonivicinsalt,vulcamicina,vulcamycin,vulkamycin"					"17378-1,18957-1,370-7,371-5,372-3,373-1,41706-3"
+"NYS"	6433272	"Nystatin"	"Ionophores,Antifungals"	"A07AA02,D01AA01,G01AA01,QA07AA02,QD01AA01,QG01AA01"			"nyst,nystan"	"biofanal,diastatin,herniocid,moronal,myconystatin,mycostatin,mykostatyna,nilstat,nistatin,nistatina,nyotran,nystan,nystatyna,nystavescent,nystex"	1.5	"MU"			"10697-1,10698-9,18958-9,35824-2,55689-4"
+"OFX"	4583	"Ofloxacin"	"Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones"	"J01MA01,QJ01MA01,QS01AE01,QS02AA16,S01AE01,S02AA16"	"Quinolone antibacterials"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"of,ofl,oflo,ofloxa,ofx"	"exocin,exocine,flobacin,floxil,floxin,monoflocet,oflocet,ofloxacina,ofloxacine,ofloxacino,ofloxacinum,ofloxaxin,oxaldin,tarivid,visiren,zanocin"	0.4	"g"	0.4	"g"	"18959-7,20384-4,23948-3,25264-3,374-9,375-6,376-4,377-2,3877-8,41408-6,41409-4,41410-2,42653-6,7038-3,72168-8"
+"OOR"		"Ofloxacin/ornidazole"	"Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones"	"J01RA09,QJ01RA09"	"Combinations of antibacterials"	"Combinations of antibacterials"	"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
+"OLE"	72493	"Oleandomycin"	"Macrolides"	"J01FA05,QJ01FA05"	"Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins"	"Macrolides"	"oleand"	"amimycin,landomycin,matromycin,oleandomicina,oleandomycine,oleandomycinum,romicil"	1	"g"			"18960-5,378-0,379-8,380-6,381-4,55690-2"
 "OMC"	54697325	"Omadacycline"	"Tetracyclines"	"J01AA15,QJ01AA15"			"NA"	"amadacycline"	0.3	"g"	0.1	"g"	"73594-4,73616-5,73639-7"
-"OPT"	87880	"Optochin"	"Other antibacterials"	"NA"			"NA"	"aflukin,auriquin,biquinate,chinidin,chinidine,chinimetten,chinin,chinine,conchinin,conchinine,conquinine,dentojel,dihydrochinidin,dihydroquinidine,dihydroquinine,hydroconchinine,hydroconquinine,hydroquinidine,kinidin,numoquin,optochine,optoquine,pitayine,qualaquin,quinaglute,quinicardine,quinidex,quinidine,quiniduran,quinindine,quinine,quinineanhydrous,quinora,quinsan,rezquin"					"100055-3,73665-2"
-"ORB"	60605	"Orbifloxacin"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"QJ01MA95"			"orbifl"	"orbax"					"35825-9,35826-7,35827-5"
-"ORI"	16136912	"Oritavancin"	"Glycopeptides"	"J01XA05,QJ01XA05"	"Other antibacterials"	"Glycopeptide antibacterials"	"orit,oritav"	"NA"					"41707-1,41708-9,41709-7,41736-0"
-"ORS"		"Ormetroprim/sulfamethoxazole"	"Other antibacterials"	"NA"			"NA"	"NA"					"73593-6,73615-7,73638-9"
-"ORN"	28061	"Ornidazole"	"Other antibacterials"	"G01AF06,J01XD03,P01AB03,QG01AF06,QJ01XD03,QP51AA03"	"Other antibacterials"	"Imidazole derivatives"	"NA"	"levornidazole,madelen,ornidal,ornidazolum,tiberal"	1.5	"g"	1	"g"	"55691-0,55692-8,55693-6,55694-4"
-"OTE"	77050711	"Oteseconazole"	"Antifungals/antimycotics"	"J02AC06,QJ02AC06"	"Antimycotics for systemic use"	"Triazole derivatives"	"NA"	"quilseconazole,vivijoa"	21	"mg"			"NA"
-"OXA"	6196	"Oxacillin"	"Beta-lactams/penicillins"	"J01CF04,QJ01CF04,QJ51CF04"	"Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins"	"Beta-lactamase resistant penicillins"	"ox,oxa,oxac,oxacil,oxal,oxs"	"bactocill,bristopen,cryptocillin,micropenin,ossacillina,oxabel,oxabelsalt,oxacilina,oxacillinanhydrous,oxacilline,oxacillinhydrate,oxacillinsalt,oxacillinum,oxazocillin,oxazocilline,penstapho,prostaphlin,prostaphlyn,resistopen,stapenor"	2	"g"	2	"g"	"18961-3,25265-0,382-2,383-0,384-8,385-5,3882-8,7039-1"
-"OXA-S"		"Oxacillin screening test"	"Beta-lactams/penicillins"	"NA"			"oxa screen"	"NA"					"NA"
+"OPT"	87880	"Optochin"	"Other"	"NA"			"NA"	"aflukin,auriquin,biquinate,chinidin,chinidine,chinimetten,chinin,chinine,conchinin,conchinine,conquinine,dentojel,dihydrochinidin,dihydroquinidine,dihydroquinine,hydroconchinine,hydroconquinine,hydroquinidine,kinidin,numoquin,optochine,optoquine,pitayine,qualaquin,quinaglute,quinicardine,quinidex,quinidine,quiniduran,quinindine,quinine,quinineanhydrous,quinora,quinsan,rezquin"					"100055-3,73665-2"
+"ORB"	60605	"Orbifloxacin"	"Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones"	"QJ01MA95"			"orbifl"	"orbax"					"35825-9,35826-7,35827-5"
+"ORI"	16136912	"Oritavancin"	"Lipoglycopeptides,Glycopeptides,Peptides"	"J01XA05,QJ01XA05"	"Other antibacterials"	"Glycopeptide antibacterials"	"orit,oritav"	"NA"					"41707-1,41708-9,41709-7,41736-0"
+"ORS"		"Ormetroprim/sulfamethoxazole"	"Trimethoprims,Sulfonamides"	"NA"			"NA"	"NA"					"73593-6,73615-7,73638-9"
+"ORN"	28061	"Ornidazole"	"Other"	"G01AF06,J01XD03,P01AB03,QG01AF06,QJ01XD03,QP51AA03"	"Other antibacterials"	"Imidazole derivatives"	"NA"	"levornidazole,madelen,ornidal,ornidazolum,tiberal"	1.5	"g"	1	"g"	"55691-0,55692-8,55693-6,55694-4"
+"OST"	11136668	"Ostreogrycin"	"Streptogramins"	"NA"			"NA"	"eskamicin,linopristin,stephylomycin"					"NA"
+"OTE"	77050711	"Oteseconazole"	"Antifungals"	"J02AC06,QJ02AC06"	"Antimycotics for systemic use"	"Triazole derivatives"	"NA"	"quilseconazole,vivijoa"	21	"mg"			"NA"
+"OXA"	6196	"Oxacillin"	"Isoxazolylpenicillins,Penicillins,Beta-lactams"	"J01CF04,QJ01CF04,QJ51CF04"	"Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins"	"Beta-lactamase resistant penicillins"	"ox,oxa,oxac,oxacil,oxal,oxs"	"bactocill,bristopen,cryptocillin,micropenin,ossacillina,oxabel,oxabelsalt,oxacilina,oxacillinanhydrous,oxacilline,oxacillinhydrate,oxacillinsalt,oxacillinum,oxazocillin,oxazocilline,penstapho,prostaphlin,prostaphlyn,resistopen,stapenor"	2	"g"	2	"g"	"18961-3,25265-0,382-2,383-0,384-8,385-5,3882-8,7039-1"
+"OXA-S"		"Oxacillin screening test"	"Isoxazolylpenicillins,Penicillins,Beta-lactams"	"NA"			"oxa screen"	"NA"					"NA"
 "OXO"	4628	"Oxolinic acid"	"Quinolones"	"J01MB05,QJ01MB05"	"Quinolone antibacterials"	"Other quinolones"	"oxoaci"	"aqualinic,cistopax,dioxacin,emyrenil,gramurin,inoxyl,nidantin,oksaren,orthurine,ossian,oxoboi,oxolinic,pietil,prodoxal,prodoxol,starner,tiurasin,ultibid,urinox,uritrate,urotrate,uroxol,utibid"	1	"g"			"NA"
 "OXY"	54675779	"Oxytetracycline"	"Tetracyclines"	"A01AB25,D06AA03,G01AA07,J01AA06,QA01AB25,QD06AA03,QG01AA07,QG51AA01,QJ01AA06,QJ51AA06,QS01AA04,S01AA04"	"Tetracyclines"	"Tetracyclines"	"oxytet"	"achromycin,actisite,adamycin,artomycin,berkmycen,biostat,bristacycline,cancycline,cyclopar,dabicycline,diacycine,dumocyclin,embryostat,fanterrin,galsenomycin,geomycin,geotilin,hostacycline,hydroxytetracyclinum,lenocycline,macocyn,medamycin,mephacyclin,nitox,oksisyklin,ossitetraciclina,oxitetraciclina,oxitetracyclin,oxitetracycline,oxitetracyclinum,oxymycin,oxypam,oxyterracin,oxyterracine,oxyterracyne,oxytetracid,oxytetracyclin,oxytetracyclinum,paltet,partrex,pennox,piracaps,proteroxyna,qidtet,quadracycline,quatrex,remicyclin,retet,ricycline,riomitsin,ryomycin,solkaciclina,stevacin,stilciclina,subamycin,sumycin,supramycin,sustamycin,tarocyn,tarosin,tefilin,teline,telotrex,teravit,terrafungine,terramitsin,terramycine,tetrabakat,tetrabid,tetrablet,tetracaps,tetracompren,tetrakap,tetralution,tetramavan,tetramed,tetran,tetrosol,topicycline,triphacyclin,unicin,ursocyclin,ursocycline,vetquamycin"	1	"g"	1	"g"	"17396-3,18962-1,25266-8,386-3,387-1,388-9,389-7,55699-3,87595-5"
-"OZN"		"Ozenoxacin"		"D06AX14,QD06AX14"			"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
-"PAS"	4649	"P-aminosalicylic acid"	"Antimycobacterials"	"NA"			"pasraa"	"NA"					"NA"
-"PAN"	72015	"Panipenem"	"Carbapenems"	"NA"			"NA"	"carbenin,panipenemum,penipanem"					"100056-1,53823-1"
-"PAR"	165580	"Paromomycin"	"Other antibacterials"	"A07AA06,QA07AA06,QJ01GB92"			"NA"	"aminosidin,amminosidin,crestomycin,estomycin,gabbromycin,gabromycin,humatin,humycin,hydroxymycin,monomycin,paramomycin,paromomicina,paromomycine,paromomycinum,paucimycin,paucimycinum"	3	"g"			"51719-3,53824-9,55700-9,55701-7,55702-5"
-"PAZ"	65957	"Pazufloxacin"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"J01MA18,QJ01MA18"	"Quinolone antibacterials"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"NA"	"pazufloxacine,pazufloxacino,pazufloxacinum"			1	"g"	"NA"
-"PEF"	51081	"Pefloxacin"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"J01MA03,QJ01MA03"	"Quinolone antibacterials"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"pefl,perflo"	"labocton,pefbid,pefloxacine,pefloxacinium,pefloxacino,pefloxacinum,pefocin,pefran,pelox"	0.8	"g"	0.8	"g"	"18963-9,35828-3,390-5,3906-5,7040-9"
-"PEF-S"		"Pefloxacin screening test"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"NA"			"pef screen"	"NA"					"NA"
-"PNM"	10250769	"Penamecillin"	"Beta-lactams/penicillins"	"J01CE06,QJ01CE06"	"Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins"	"Beta-lactamase sensitive penicillins"	"NA"	"havapen,hydroxymethyl,penamecilina,penamecillina,penamecilline,penamecillinum"	1.05	"g"			"NA"
-"PNO"		"Penicillin/novobiocin"	"Beta-lactams/penicillins"	"NA"			"pennov"	"NA"					"35872-1,35873-9,35874-7"
-"PSU"		"Penicillin/sulbactam"	"Beta-lactams/penicillins"	"NA"			"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
+"OZN"		"Ozenoxacin"	"Quinolones"	"D06AX14,QD06AX14"			"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
+"PAS"		"P-aminosalicylic acid"	"Antimycobacterials"	"NA"			"pasraa"	"NA"					"NA"
+"PAN"	72015	"Panipenem"	"Carbapenems,Beta-lactams"	"NA"			"NA"	"carbenin,panipenemum,penipanem"					"100056-1,53823-1"
+"PAR"	165580	"Paromomycin"	"Other"	"A07AA06,QA07AA06,QJ01GB92"			"NA"	"aminosidin,amminosidin,crestomycin,estomycin,gabbromycin,gabromycin,humatin,humycin,hydroxymycin,monomycin,paramomycin,paromomicina,paromomycine,paromomycinum,paucimycin,paucimycinum"	3	"g"			"51719-3,53824-9,55700-9,55701-7,55702-5"
+"PAZ"	65957	"Pazufloxacin"	"Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones"	"J01MA18,QJ01MA18"	"Quinolone antibacterials"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"NA"	"pazufloxacine,pazufloxacino,pazufloxacinum"			1	"g"	"NA"
+"PEF"	51081	"Pefloxacin"	"Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones"	"J01MA03,QJ01MA03"	"Quinolone antibacterials"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"pefl,perflo"	"labocton,pefbid,pefloxacine,pefloxacinium,pefloxacino,pefloxacinum,pefocin,pefran,pelox"	0.8	"g"	0.8	"g"	"18963-9,35828-3,390-5,3906-5,7040-9"
+"PEF-S"		"Pefloxacin screening test"	"Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones"	"NA"			"pef screen"	"NA"					"NA"
+"PNM"	10250769	"Penamecillin"	"Penicillins,Beta-lactams"	"J01CE06,QJ01CE06"	"Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins"	"Beta-lactamase sensitive penicillins"	"NA"	"havapen,hydroxymethyl,penamecilina,penamecillina,penamecilline,penamecillinum"	1.05	"g"			"NA"
+"PNO"		"Penicillin/novobiocin"	"Penicillins,Beta-lactams,Aminocoumarins"	"NA"			"pennov"	"NA"					"35872-1,35873-9,35874-7"
+"PSU"		"Penicillin/sulbactam"	"Penicillins,Beta-lactams,Beta-lactamase inhibitors"	"NA"			"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
 "PNM1"	54686187	"Penimepicycline"	"Tetracyclines"	"J01AA10,QJ01AA10"	"Tetracyclines"	"Tetracyclines"	"NA"	"criseocil,duamine,geotricyn,hydrocycline,penetracyne,penimepiciclina,penimepicyclinum"					"NA"
 "PIM"	65453	"Pentisomicin"	"Aminoglycosides"	"NA"			"NA"	"mutamicin,mutamycin,pentisomicina,pentisomicine,pentisomicinum"					"NA"
-"PTZ"	55250256	"Pentizidone"	"Other antibacterials"	"NA"			"NA"	"pentizidona,pentizidonum"					"NA"
-"PEX"	16132253	"Pexiganan"	"Other antibacterials"	"NA"			"NA"	"cytolex,mangainin"					"NA"
-"PHE"	272833	"Pheneticillin"	"Beta-lactams/penicillins"	"J01CE05,QJ01CE05"	"Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins"	"Beta-lactamase sensitive penicillins"	"fene"	"alfacillin,alticina,antibiocin,arcacil,arcasin,astracillin,bendralan,beromycin,brocsil,broxil,chemipen,cliacil,darcil,feneticilina,feneticillin,feneticillina,feneticilline,fenocin,icipen,isocillin,ispenoral,kavepenin,maxipen,optipen,oralopen,orapen,ospeneff,pedipen,penagen,pencompren,penemve,peniplus,penova,pensig,penvikal,phenethicilin,phenethicillin,phenethicillinum,pheneticilline,pheneticillinum,primcillin,priospen,roscopenin,semopen,suspen,synapen,syncillin,synerpenin,synthecillin,synthecilline,synthepen,triospen,vamosyn,veetids,vepen"	1	"g"			"NA"
-"PHN"	6869	"Phenoxymethylpenicillin"	"Beta-lactams/penicillins"	"J01CE02,QJ01CE02"	"Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins"	"Beta-lactamase sensitive penicillins"	"fepe,peni v,penicillin v,phepen,pnv,pv"	"apopen,calcipen,fenacilin,fenospen,meropenin,oracillin,oracilline,oratren,orocillin,ospen,phenocillin,phenomycilline,phenopenicillin,rocilin,stabicillin,vebecillin"	2	"g"			"NA"
-"PMR"	5284447	"Pimaricin"	"Antifungals/antimycotics"	"NA"			"natamycin"	"delvocid,delvolan,delvopos,mycophyt,myprozine,natacyn,natafucin,natajen,natamatrix,natamax,natamicina,natamycin,natamycine,natamycinum,pimafucin,pimaracin,pimaricine,pimarizin,synogil,tennecetin"					"NA"
+"PTZ"	55250256	"Pentizidone"	"Other"	"NA"			"NA"	"pentizidona,pentizidonum"					"NA"
+"PEX"	16132253	"Pexiganan"	"Other"	"NA"			"NA"	"cytolex,mangainin"					"NA"
+"PHE"	272833	"Pheneticillin"	"Penicillins,Beta-lactams"	"J01CE05,QJ01CE05"	"Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins"	"Beta-lactamase sensitive penicillins"	"fene"	"alfacillin,alticina,antibiocin,arcacil,arcasin,astracillin,bendralan,beromycin,brocsil,broxil,chemipen,cliacil,darcil,feneticilina,feneticillin,feneticillina,feneticilline,fenocin,icipen,isocillin,ispenoral,kavepenin,maxipen,optipen,oralopen,orapen,ospeneff,pedipen,penagen,pencompren,penemve,peniplus,penova,pensig,penvikal,phenethicilin,phenethicillin,phenethicillinum,pheneticilline,pheneticillinum,primcillin,priospen,roscopenin,semopen,suspen,synapen,syncillin,synerpenin,synthecillin,synthecilline,synthepen,triospen,vamosyn,veetids,vepen"	1	"g"			"NA"
+"PHN"	6869	"Phenoxymethylpenicillin"	"Penicillins,Beta-lactams"	"J01CE02,QJ01CE02"	"Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins"	"Beta-lactamase sensitive penicillins"	"fepe,peni v,penicillin v,phepen,pnv,pv"	"apopen,calcipen,fenacilin,fenospen,meropenin,oracillin,oracilline,oratren,orocillin,ospen,phenocillin,phenomycilline,phenopenicillin,rocilin,stabicillin,vebecillin"	2	"g"			"NA"
+"PMR"	5284447	"Pimaricin"	"Antifungals"	"NA"			"natamycin"	"delvocid,delvolan,delvopos,mycophyt,myprozine,natacyn,natafucin,natajen,natamatrix,natamax,natamicina,natamycin,natamycine,natamycinum,pimafucin,pimaracin,pimaricine,pimarizin,synogil,tennecetin"					"NA"
 "PPA"	4831	"Pipemidic acid"	"Quinolones"	"J01MB04,QJ01MB04"	"Quinolone antibacterials"	"Other quinolones"	"pipaci,pipz,pizu"	"deblaston,dolcol,filtrax,karunomazin,memento,nuril,palin,pipedac,pipemid,pipemidate,pipemidic,pipemidicacid,pipram,pipurin,tractur,uromidin,urosten,uroval"	0.8	"g"			"NA"
-"PIP"	43672	"Piperacillin"	"Beta-lactams/penicillins"	"J01CA12,QJ01CA12"	"Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins"	"Penicillins with extended spectrum"	"pi,pip,pipc,pipe,pipera,pp"	"penmalin,pentcillin,peperacillin,peracin,piperacilina,piperacillina,piperacilline,piperacillinhydrate,piperacillinum,pipercillin,pipracil,tazocin"			14	"g"	"101490-1,101491-9,18969-6,18970-4,25268-4,3972-7,407-7,408-5,409-3,410-1,411-9,412-7,413-5,414-3,54197-9,54198-7,54199-5,55704-1,7043-3,7044-1"
-"PIS"		"Piperacillin/sulbactam"	"Beta-lactams/penicillins"	"J01CR05,QJ01CR05"			"NA"	"NA"			14	"g"	"54197-9,54198-7,54199-5,55704-1"
-"TZP"	461573	"Piperacillin/tazobactam"	"Beta-lactams/penicillins"	"J01CR05,QJ01CR05"	"Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins"	"Combinations of penicillins, incl. beta-lactamase inhibitors"	"p/t,piptaz,piptazo,pit,pita,pt,ptc,ptz,tzp"	"piptazobactam,tazonam,zobactin,zosyn"			14	"g"	"101491-9,18970-4,411-9,412-7,413-5,414-3,7044-1"
-"PRC"	71978	"Piridicillin"	"Beta-lactams/penicillins"	"NA"			"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
-"PRL"	157385	"Pirlimycin"	"Macrolides/lincosamides"	"QJ51FF90"			"pirlim"	"pirlimycina,pirlimycine,pirlimycinum,pirsue"					"35829-1,35830-9,35831-7"
+"PIP"	43672	"Piperacillin"	"Ureidopenicillins,Penicillins,Beta-lactams"	"J01CA12,QJ01CA12"	"Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins"	"Penicillins with extended spectrum"	"pi,pip,pipc,pipe,pipera,pp"	"penmalin,pentcillin,peperacillin,peracin,piperacilina,piperacillina,piperacilline,piperacillinhydrate,piperacillinum,pipercillin,pipracil,tazocin"			14	"g"	"101490-1,101491-9,18969-6,18970-4,25268-4,3972-7,407-7,408-5,409-3,410-1,411-9,412-7,413-5,414-3,54197-9,54198-7,54199-5,55704-1,7043-3,7044-1"
+"PIS"		"Piperacillin/sulbactam"	"Penicillins,Beta-lactams,Beta-lactamase inhibitors"	"NA"			"NA"	"NA"			14	"g"	"54197-9,54198-7,54199-5,55704-1"
+"TZP"	461573	"Piperacillin/tazobactam"	"Ureidopenicillins,Penicillins,Beta-lactams,Beta-lactamase inhibitors"	"J01CR05,QJ01CR05"	"Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins"	"Combinations of penicillins, incl. beta-lactamase inhibitors"	"p/t,piptaz,piptazo,pit,pita,pt,ptc,ptz,tzp"	"piptazobactam,tazonam,zobactin,zosyn"			14	"g"	"101491-9,18970-4,411-9,412-7,413-5,414-3,7044-1"
+"PRC"	71978	"Piridicillin"	"Penicillins,Beta-lactams"	"NA"			"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
+"PRL"	157385	"Pirlimycin"	"Lincosamides,Macrolides"	"QJ51FF90"			"pirlim"	"pirlimycina,pirlimycine,pirlimycinum,pirsue"					"35829-1,35830-9,35831-7"
 "PIR"	4855	"Piromidic acid"	"Quinolones"	"J01MB03,QJ01MB03"	"Quinolone antibacterials"	"Other quinolones"	"NA"	"bactramyl,enterol,gastrurol,panacid,pirodal,piromidate,reelon,septural,urisept,uropir,zaomeal"	2	"g"			"NA"
-"PVM"	33478	"Pivampicillin"	"Beta-lactams/penicillins"	"J01CA02,QJ01CA02"	"Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins"	"Penicillins with extended spectrum"	"NA"	"pivaloylampicillin,pivampicilina,pivampicilline,pivampicillinum"	1.05	"g"			"18971-2,415-0,416-8,417-6,418-4"
-"PME"	115163	"Pivmecillinam"	"Beta-lactams/penicillins"	"J01CA08,QJ01CA08"	"Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins"	"Penicillins with extended spectrum"	"pivmec"	"coactabs,melysin,pivamdinocillin,pivmecilinamo,pivmecillinamum,selexid"	0.6	"g"			"NA"
+"PVM"	33478	"Pivampicillin"	"Penicillins,Beta-lactams"	"J01CA02,QJ01CA02"	"Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins"	"Penicillins with extended spectrum"	"NA"	"pivaloylampicillin,pivampicilina,pivampicilline,pivampicillinum"	1.05	"g"			"18971-2,415-0,416-8,417-6,418-4"
+"PME"	115163	"Pivmecillinam"	"Penicillins,Beta-lactams"	"J01CA08,QJ01CA08"	"Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins"	"Penicillins with extended spectrum"	"pivmec"	"coactabs,melysin,pivamdinocillin,pivmecilinamo,pivmecillinamum,selexid"	0.6	"g"			"NA"
 "PLZ"	42613186	"Plazomicin"	"Aminoglycosides"	"J01GB14,QJ01GB14"			"NA"	"zemdri"					"73592-8,73614-0,73637-1,92024-9,94719-2"
 "PLB"	49800004	"Polymyxin B"	"Polymyxins"	"A07AA05,J01XB02,QA07AA05,QJ01XB02,QJ51XB02,QS01AA18,QS02AA11,QS03AA03,S01AA18,S02AA11,S03AA03"	"Other antibacterials"	"Polymyxins"	"pb,pol,polb,poly,poly b,polyb,polymixin,polymixin b"	"aerosporin"	3	"MU"	0.15	"g"	"17473-0,18972-0,25269-2,35832-5,419-2,420-0,421-8,422-6"
 "POP"		"Polymyxin B/polysorbate 80"	"Polymyxins"	"NA"			"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
-"POS"	468595	"Posaconazole"	"Antifungals/antimycotics"	"J02AC04,QJ02AC04"	"Antimycotics for systemic use"	"Triazole derivatives"	"posa,posaco"	"noxafil,schering,spriafil"	0.3	"g"	0.3	"g"	"53731-6,54186-2,54187-0,54188-8,54189-6,80545-7"
-"PRA"	9802884	"Pradofloxacin"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"QJ01MA97"			"NA"	"pudofloxacin,veraflox"					"76148-6,87800-9"
-"PRX"	71455	"Premafloxacin"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"NA"			"premaf"	"premafloxacine,premafloxacino"					"73591-0,73613-2,73636-3"
+"POS"	468595	"Posaconazole"	"Antifungals"	"J02AC04,QJ02AC04"	"Antimycotics for systemic use"	"Triazole derivatives"	"posa,posaco"	"noxafil,schering,spriafil"	0.3	"g"	0.3	"g"	"53731-6,54186-2,54187-0,54188-8,54189-6,80545-7"
+"PRA"	9802884	"Pradofloxacin"	"Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones"	"QJ01MA97"			"NA"	"pudofloxacin,veraflox"					"76148-6,87800-9"
+"PRX"	71455	"Premafloxacin"	"Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones"	"NA"			"premaf"	"premafloxacine,premafloxacino"					"73591-0,73613-2,73636-3"
 "PMD"	456199	"Pretomanid"	"Antimycobacterials"	"J04AK08,QJ04AK08"	"Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis"	"Other drugs for treatment of tuberculosis"	"NA"	"NA"	0.2	"g"			"93850-6"
-"PRM"	6446787	"Primycin"	"Macrolides/lincosamides"	"NA"			"NA"	"chinopricin,debrycin,primicina,primycine"					"NA"
-"PRI"	11979535	"Pristinamycin"	"Macrolides/lincosamides"	"J01FG01,QJ01FG01"	"Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins"	"Streptogramins"	"pris,pristi"	"eskalin,micamicina,mikamycin,mikamycine,mikamycinum,ostreogricina,ostreogrycin,ostreogrycine,ostreogrycinum,pristinamicina,pristinamycine,pristinamycinum,pyostacine,stafac,stafytracine,stajac,staphylomycin,stapyocine,starfac,virgimycin,virgimycine,virginiamicina,virginiamycin,virginiamycina,virginiamycinum"	2	"g"			"32383-2,35833-3,35834-1,55709-0"
-"PRB"	5903	"Procaine benzylpenicillin"	"Beta-lactams/penicillins"	"J01CE09,QJ01CE09,QJ51CE09"	"Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins"	"Beta-lactamase sensitive penicillins"	"NA"	"afsillin,aquacilina,aquacillin,aquasuspen,avloprocil,cilicaine,crysticillin,depocillin,despacilina,distaquaine,duphapen,duracillin,hostacillin,hydracillin,kabipenin,ledercillin,millicillin,mylipen,neoproc,nopcaine,parencillin,premocillin,procanodia,prostabillin,retardillin,sharcillin,vetspen,vitablend,wycillin"			0.6	"g"	"NA"
-"PRP"	92879	"Propicillin"	"Beta-lactams/penicillins"	"J01CE03,QJ01CE03"	"Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins"	"Beta-lactamase sensitive penicillins"	"NA"	"baycillin,propicilina,propicilline,propicillinum"	0.9	"g"			"NA"
+"PRM"	6446787	"Primycin"	"Macrolides"	"NA"			"NA"	"chinopricin,debrycin,primicina,primycine"					"NA"
+"PRI"	11979535	"Pristinamycin"	"Streptogramins"	"J01FG01,QJ01FG01"	"Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins"	"Streptogramins"	"pris,pristi"	"eskalin,micamicina,mikamycin,mikamycine,mikamycinum,ostreogricina,ostreogrycine,ostreogrycinum,pristinamicina,pristinamycine,pristinamycinum,pyostacine,stafac,stafytracine,stajac,staphylomycin,stapyocine,starfac,virgimycin,virgimycine,virginiamicina,virginiamycin,virginiamycina,virginiamycinum"	2	"g"			"32383-2,35833-3,35834-1,55709-0"
+"PRB"	5903	"Procaine benzylpenicillin"	"Penicillins,Beta-lactams"	"J01CE09,QJ01CE09,QJ51CE09"	"Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins"	"Beta-lactamase sensitive penicillins"	"NA"	"afsillin,aquacilina,aquacillin,aquasuspen,avloprocil,cilicaine,crysticillin,depocillin,despacilina,distaquaine,duphapen,duracillin,hostacillin,hydracillin,kabipenin,ledercillin,millicillin,mylipen,neoproc,nopcaine,parencillin,premocillin,procanodia,prostabillin,retardillin,sharcillin,vetspen,vitablend,wycillin"			0.6	"g"	"NA"
+"PRP"	92879	"Propicillin"	"Penicillins,Beta-lactams"	"J01CE03,QJ01CE03"	"Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins"	"Beta-lactamase sensitive penicillins"	"NA"	"baycillin,propicilina,propicilline,propicillinum"	0.9	"g"			"NA"
 "PKA"	9872451	"Propikacin"	"Aminoglycosides"	"NA"			"NA"	"propikacina,propikacine,propikacinum"					"NA"
 "PTH"	666418	"Protionamide"	"Antimycobacterials"	"J04AD01,QJ04AD01"	"Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis"	"Thiocarbamide derivatives"	"prot"	"ektebin,peteha,prothionamide,prothionamidum,protion,protionamid,protionamida,protionamidum,protionizina,tebeform,trevintix,tuberex"	0.75	"g"			"NA"
-"PRU"	65947	"Prulifloxacin"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"J01MA17,QJ01MA17"	"Quinolone antibacterials"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"NA"	"pruvel,quisnon,sword"	0.6	"g"			"100058-7,76145-2"
+"PRU"	65947	"Prulifloxacin"	"Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones"	"J01MA17,QJ01MA17"	"Quinolone antibacterials"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"NA"	"pruvel,quisnon,sword"	0.6	"g"			"100058-7,76145-2"
 "PZA"	1046	"Pyrazinamide"	"Antimycobacterials"	"J04AK01,QJ04AK01"	"Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis"	"Other drugs for treatment of tuberculosis"	"pyra"	"aldinamid,aldinamide,eprazin,farmizina,isopas,novamid,pezetamid,piraldina,pirazimida,pirazinamid,pirazinamida,pirazinamide,pirazinecarboxamide,pyrafat,pyrazide,pyrazinamdie,pyrazinamidum,pyrazineamide,pyrizinamide,rifafour,rozide,tebrazid,tisamid,unipyranamide"	1.5	"g"			"11001-5,18973-8,20461-0,23632-3,25186-8,25229-6,25270-0,423-4,424-2,425-9,426-7,42935-7,55710-8,55711-6,56026-8,92242-7"
-"QDA"	11979418	"Quinupristin/dalfopristin"	"Macrolides/lincosamides"	"QJ01FG02"	"Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins"	"Streptogramins"	"q/d,qda,qida,quda,rp,syn,synerc"	"synercid"					"23640-6,23641-4,33334-4,35835-8,58712-1"
-"RAC"	56052	"Ractopamine"	"Other antibacterials"	"NA"			"NA"	"bufenina,bufenine,buphenin,buphenine,bupheninum,luteonin,nilidrine,nylidrinum,optaflexx,paylean,prepar,ractopamina,ractopaminum,ritodrina,ritodrine,ritodrinium,tomax,utopar,yutopar"					"NA"
-"RAM"	16132338	"Ramoplanin"	"Glycopeptides"	"NA"			"ramopl"	"NA"					"41710-5,41711-3,41712-1,41737-8"
-"RZM"	10993211	"Razupenem"	"Carbapenems"	"NA"			"razupe"	"NA"					"73590-2,73612-4,73635-5"
-"RTP"	6918462	"Retapamulin"	"Other antibacterials"	"D06AX13,QD06AX13"	"Antibiotics for topical use"	"Other antibiotics for topical use"	"ret"	"altabax,altargo,rebapamulin,retapamulina"					"NA"
+"QDA"	11979418	"Quinupristin/dalfopristin"	"Streptogramins"	"QJ01FG02"	"Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins"	"Streptogramins"	"q/d,qda,qida,quda,rp,syn,synerc"	"synercid"					"23640-6,23641-4,33334-4,35835-8,58712-1"
+"RAC"	56052	"Ractopamine"	"Other"	"NA"			"NA"	"bufenina,bufenine,buphenin,buphenine,bupheninum,luteonin,nilidrine,nylidrinum,optaflexx,paylean,prepar,ractopamina,ractopaminum,ritodrina,ritodrine,ritodrinium,tomax,utopar,yutopar"					"NA"
+"RAM"	16132338	"Ramoplanin"	"Glycopeptides,Peptides"	"NA"			"ramopl"	"NA"					"41710-5,41711-3,41712-1,41737-8"
+"RZM"	10993211	"Razupenem"	"Carbapenems,Beta-lactams"	"NA"			"razupe"	"NA"					"73590-2,73612-4,73635-5"
+"RTP"	6918462	"Retapamulin"	"Pleuromutilins"	"D06AX13,QD06AX13"	"Antibiotics for topical use"	"Other antibiotics for topical use"	"ret"	"altabax,altargo,rebapamulin,retapamulina"					"NA"
 "RZF"		"Rezafungin"	"Antifungals"	"NA"			"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
-"RBC"	44631912	"Ribociclib"	"Antifungals/antimycotics"	"L01EF02,QL01EF02"	"Antimycotics for systemic use"	"Triazole derivatives"	"ribo"	"kisqali"	0.45	"g"			"NA"
+"RBC"	44631912	"Ribociclib"	"Antifungals"	"L01EF02,QL01EF02"	"Antimycotics for systemic use"	"Triazole derivatives"	"ribo"	"kisqali"	0.45	"g"			"NA"
 "RST"	33042	"Ribostamycin"	"Aminoglycosides"	"J01GB10,QJ01GB10"	"Aminoglycoside antibacterials"	"Other aminoglycosides"	"NA"	"exaluren,hetangmycin,ribastamin,ribostamicina,ribostamycine,ribostamycinum,vistamycin,xylostatin"			1	"g"	"NA"
-"RID1"	16659285	"Ridinilazole"	"Other antibacterials"	"NA"			"NA"	"ridinilazol"					"NA"
-"RIB"	135398743	"Rifabutin"	"Antimycobacterials"	"J04AB04,QJ04AB04"	"Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis"	"Antibiotics"	"ansamy,rifb"	"alfacid,ansamicin,ansamycins,ansatipin,ansatipine,assatipin,mycobutin,rifabutinum"	0.15	"g"			"100699-8,16100-0,16386-5,16387-3,19149-4,20386-9,23630-7,24032-5,25199-1,25200-7,25201-5,42655-1,42656-9,54183-9,96113-6"
-"RIF"	135398735	"Rifampicin"	"Antimycobacterials"	"J04AB02,QJ04AB02,QJ54AB02"	"Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis"	"Antibiotics"	"rifa,rifamp"	"abrifam,archidyn,arficin,arzide,benemicin,doloresum,eremfat,famcin,fenampicin,rifadin,rifadine,rifagen,rifaldazin,rifaldazine,rifaldin,rifam,rifamor,rifampicina,rifampicine,rifampicinum,rifampin,rifamsolin,rifapiam,rifaprodin,rifcin,rifinah,rifobac,rifoldin,rifoldine,riforal,rimactan,rimactane,rimactazid,rimactizid,rimazid,sinerdol,tubocin"	0.6	"g"	0.6	"g"	"NA"
-"REI"	135483893	"Rifampicin/ethambutol/isoniazid"	"Antimycobacterials"	"J04AM07,QJ04AM07"	"Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis"	"Combinations of drugs for treatment of tuberculosis"	"NA"	"isonarif,rifamate,rifamazid"					"NA"
-"RFI"		"Rifampicin/isoniazid"	"Antimycobacterials"	"J04AM02,QJ04AM02"	"Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis"	"Combinations of drugs for treatment of tuberculosis"	"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
-"RPEI"		"Rifampicin/pyrazinamide/ethambutol/isoniazid"	"Antimycobacterials"	"J04AM06,QJ04AM06"	"Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis"	"Combinations of drugs for treatment of tuberculosis"	"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
-"RPI"		"Rifampicin/pyrazinamide/isoniazid"	"Antimycobacterials"	"J04AM05,QJ04AM05"	"Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis"	"Combinations of drugs for treatment of tuberculosis"	"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
-"RFM"	6324616	"Rifamycin"	"Antimycobacterials"	"A07AA13,D06AX15,J04AB03,QA07AA13,QD06AX15,QJ04AB03,QJ54AB03,QS01AA16,QS02AA12,S01AA16,S02AA12"	"Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis"	"Antibiotics"	"rifmyc"	"aemcolo,nacimycin,nancimycin,otofa,rifamastene,rifamicina,rifamycine,rifamycinum,rifocin,rifocyn,tuborin"	0.8	"g"	0.6	"g"	"NA"
-"RFP"	135403821	"Rifapentine"	"Antimycobacterials"	"J04AB05,QJ04AB05"	"Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis"	"Antibiotics"	"rifp,rpt"	"prifitin,priftin,rifapentin,rifapentina,rifapentinum"	0.11	"g"			"100059-5,76627-9"
-"RFX"	6436173	"Rifaximin"	"Other antibacterials"	"A07AA11,D06AX11,QA07AA11,QD06AX11,QG51AA06,QJ51XX01"	"Intestinal antiinfectives"	"Antibiotics"	"NA"	"fatroximin,flonorm,lormyx,lumenax,normix,rifacol,rifamixin,rifaxidin,rifaximina,rifaximine,rifaximinum,rifaxin,ritacol,spiraxin,xifaxan,xifaxsan"	0.6	"g"			"73589-4,73611-6,73634-8"
-"RIT"	65633	"Ritipenem"	"Carbapenems"	"NA"			"NA"	"ritipenemsalt"					"NA"
-"RIA"	163692	"Ritipenem acoxil"	"Carbapenems"	"NA"			"NA"	"penemac"					"NA"
-"ROK"	5282211	"Rokitamycin"	"Macrolides/lincosamides"	"J01FA12,QJ01FA12"	"Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins"	"Macrolides"	"rokita"	"propionylleucomycin,ricamycin,rokicid,rokital,rokitamicina,rokitamycine,rokitamycinum"	0.8	"g"			"NA"
+"RID1"	16659285	"Ridinilazole"	"Other"	"NA"			"NA"	"ridinilazol"					"NA"
+"RIB"	135398743	"Rifabutin"	"Rifamycins,Antimycobacterials"	"J04AB04,QJ04AB04"	"Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis"	"Antibiotics"	"ansamy,rfb,rifb"	"alfacid,ansamicin,ansamycins,ansatipin,ansatipine,assatipin,mycobutin,rifabutinum"	0.15	"g"			"100699-8,16100-0,16386-5,16387-3,19149-4,20386-9,23630-7,24032-5,25199-1,25200-7,25201-5,42655-1,42656-9,54183-9,96113-6"
+"RIF"	135398735	"Rifampicin"	"Rifamycins,Antimycobacterials"	"J04AB02,QJ04AB02,QJ54AB02"	"Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis"	"Antibiotics"	"rifa,rifamp"	"abrifam,archidyn,arficin,arzide,benemicin,doloresum,eremfat,famcin,fenampicin,rifadin,rifadine,rifagen,rifaldazin,rifaldazine,rifaldin,rifam,rifamor,rifampicina,rifampicine,rifampicinum,rifampin,rifamsolin,rifapiam,rifaprodin,rifcin,rifinah,rifobac,rifoldin,rifoldine,riforal,rimactan,rimactane,rimactazid,rimactizid,rimazid,sinerdol,tubocin"	0.6	"g"	0.6	"g"	"NA"
+"REI"	135483893	"Rifampicin/ethambutol/isoniazid"	"Rifamycins,Antimycobacterials"	"J04AM07,QJ04AM07"	"Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis"	"Combinations of drugs for treatment of tuberculosis"	"NA"	"isonarif,rifamate,rifamazid"					"NA"
+"RFI"		"Rifampicin/isoniazid"	"Rifamycins,Antimycobacterials"	"J04AM02,QJ04AM02"	"Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis"	"Combinations of drugs for treatment of tuberculosis"	"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
+"RPEI"		"Rifampicin/pyrazinamide/ethambutol/isoniazid"	"Rifamycins,Antimycobacterials"	"J04AM06,QJ04AM06"	"Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis"	"Combinations of drugs for treatment of tuberculosis"	"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
+"RPI"		"Rifampicin/pyrazinamide/isoniazid"	"Rifamycins,Antimycobacterials"	"J04AM05,QJ04AM05"	"Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis"	"Combinations of drugs for treatment of tuberculosis"	"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
+"RFM"	6324616	"Rifamycin"	"Rifamycins,Antimycobacterials"	"A07AA13,D06AX15,J04AB03,QA07AA13,QD06AX15,QJ04AB03,QJ54AB03,QS01AA16,QS02AA12,S01AA16,S02AA12"	"Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis"	"Antibiotics"	"rifmyc"	"aemcolo,nacimycin,nancimycin,otofa,rifamastene,rifamicina,rifamycine,rifamycinum,rifocin,rifocyn,tuborin"	0.8	"g"	0.6	"g"	"NA"
+"RFP"	135403821	"Rifapentine"	"Rifamycins,Antimycobacterials"	"J04AB05,QJ04AB05"	"Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis"	"Antibiotics"	"rifp,rpt"	"prifitin,priftin,rifapentin,rifapentina,rifapentinum"	0.11	"g"			"100059-5,76627-9"
+"RFX"	6436173	"Rifaximin"	"Other"	"A07AA11,D06AX11,QA07AA11,QD06AX11,QG51AA06,QJ51XX01"	"Intestinal antiinfectives"	"Antibiotics"	"NA"	"fatroximin,flonorm,lormyx,lumenax,normix,rifacol,rifamixin,rifaxidin,rifaximina,rifaximine,rifaximinum,rifaxin,ritacol,spiraxin,xifaxan,xifaxsan"	0.6	"g"			"73589-4,73611-6,73634-8"
+"RIT"	65633	"Ritipenem"	"Carbapenems,Beta-lactams"	"NA"			"NA"	"ritipenemsalt"					"NA"
+"RIA"	163692	"Ritipenem acoxil"	"Carbapenems,Beta-lactams"	"NA"			"NA"	"penemac"					"NA"
+"ROK"	5282211	"Rokitamycin"	"Macrolides"	"J01FA12,QJ01FA12"	"Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins"	"Macrolides"	"rokita"	"propionylleucomycin,ricamycin,rokicid,rokital,rokitamicina,rokitamycine,rokitamycinum"	0.8	"g"			"NA"
 "RLT"	54682938	"Rolitetracycline"	"Tetracyclines"	"J01AA09,QJ01AA09"	"Tetracyclines"	"Tetracyclines"	"NA"	"bristacin,colbiocin,kinteto,reverin,revrin,rolitetraciclina,rolitetracyclinum,solvocillin,superciclin,synotodecin,synterin,syntetrex,syntetrin,tetraverin,transcycline,velacicline,velacycline"			0.35	"g"	"18976-1,435-8,436-6,437-4,438-2"
 "ROS"	287180	"Rosoxacin"	"Quinolones"	"J01MB01,QJ01MB01"	"Quinolone antibacterials"	"Other quinolones"	"NA"	"acrosoxacin,eracine,eradacil,eradacin,eradicin,rosoxacine,rosoxacino,rosoxacinum,roxadyl,winoxacin,winuron"	0.3	"g"			"18977-9,439-0,440-8,441-6,442-4,55713-2"
-"RXT"		"Roxithromycin"	"Macrolides/lincosamides"	"J01FA06,QJ01FA06"	"Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins"	"Macrolides"	"roxi,roxith"	"NA"	0.3	"g"			"18978-7,443-2,444-0,445-7,446-5,7046-6"
-"RFL"	58258	"Rufloxacin"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"J01MA10,QJ01MA10"	"Quinolone antibacterials"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"NA"	"monos,rufloxacine,rufloxacino,rufloxacinum,tebraxin,uroflox"	0.2	"g"			"NA"
-"SAL"	3085092	"Salinomycin"	"Other antibacterials"	"QP51BB01"			"salino"	"coxistac,procoxacin,salinomicina,salinomycine,salinomycinum"					"35836-6,35837-4,35838-2,87593-0"
-"SAR"	56208	"Sarafloxacin"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"QJ01MA98"			"sarafl"	"difloxacino,difloxacinum,difloxcine,sarafin,saraflox,sarafloxacine,sarafloxacino,sarafloxacinum"					"73588-6,73610-8,73633-0"
+"RXT"		"Roxithromycin"	"Macrolides"	"J01FA06,QJ01FA06"	"Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins"	"Macrolides"	"roxi,roxith"	"NA"	0.3	"g"			"18978-7,443-2,444-0,445-7,446-5,7046-6"
+"RFL"	58258	"Rufloxacin"	"Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones"	"J01MA10,QJ01MA10"	"Quinolone antibacterials"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"NA"	"monos,rufloxacine,rufloxacino,rufloxacinum,tebraxin,uroflox"	0.2	"g"			"NA"
+"SAL"	3085092	"Salinomycin"	"Ionophores"	"QP51BB01"			"salino"	"coxistac,procoxacin,salinomicina,salinomycine,salinomycinum"					"35836-6,35837-4,35838-2,87593-0"
+"SAR"	56208	"Sarafloxacin"	"Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones"	"QJ01MA98"			"sarafl"	"difloxacino,difloxacinum,difloxcine,sarafin,saraflox,sarafloxacine,sarafloxacino,sarafloxacinum"					"73588-6,73610-8,73633-0"
 "SRC"	54681908	"Sarecycline"	"Tetracyclines"	"J01AA14,QJ01AA14"	"Tetracyclines"	"Tetracyclines"	"NA"	"sareciclina,seysara"	0.1	"g"			"NA"
-"SRX"	9933415	"Sarmoxicillin"	"Beta-lactams/penicillins"	"NA"			"NA"	"sarmoxillina,sarmoxilline,sarmoxillinum"					"NA"
-"SEC"	71815	"Secnidazole"	"Other antibacterials"	"P01AB07"			"NA"	"flagentyl,secnidal,secnidazolum,secnil,sindose,solosec"	2	"g"			"NA"
-"SMF"		"Simvastatin/fenofibrate"	"Antimycobacterials"	"C10BA04,QC10BA04"	"Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis"	"Other drugs for treatment of tuberculosis"	"simv"	"NA"					"NA"
+"SRX"	9933415	"Sarmoxicillin"	"Penicillins,Beta-lactams"	"NA"			"NA"	"sarmoxillina,sarmoxilline,sarmoxillinum"					"NA"
+"SEC"	71815	"Secnidazole"	"Other"	"P01AB07"			"NA"	"flagentyl,secnidal,secnidazolum,secnil,sindose,solosec"	2	"g"			"NA"
 "SIS"	36119	"Sisomicin"	"Aminoglycosides"	"J01GB08,QJ01GB08"	"Aminoglycoside antibacterials"	"Other aminoglycosides"	"siso,sisomy"	"rickamicin,salvamina,sisomicina,sisomicine,sisomicinum,sisomin,sisomycin,sissomicin,sizomycin"			0.24	"g"	"18979-5,447-3,448-1,449-9,450-7,55714-0"
-"SIT"	461399	"Sitafloxacin"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"J01MA21,QJ01MA21"			"sitafl"	"gracevit"	0.1	"g"			"NA"
+"SIT"	461399	"Sitafloxacin"	"Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones"	"J01MA21,QJ01MA21"			"sitafl"	"gracevit"	0.1	"g"			"NA"
 "SDA"	2724368	"Sodium aminosalicylate"	"Antimycobacterials"	"J04AA02,QJ04AA02"	"Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis"	"Aminosalicylic acid and derivatives"	"NA"	"bactylan,lepasen,monopas,tubersan"	14	"g"	14	"g"	"NA"
-"SOL"	25242512	"Solithromycin"	"Macrolides/lincosamides"	"J01FA16,QJ01FA16"			"NA"	"solithera"					"73587-8,73609-0,73632-2"
-"SPX"	60464	"Sparfloxacin"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"J01MA09,QJ01MA09"	"Quinolone antibacterials"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"spa,spar,sparfl"	"esparfloxacino,parox,spara,sparfloxacine,sparfloxacinum,zagam"	0.2	"g"			"20397-6,23610-9,23628-1,35839-0,7047-4"
-"SPT"	15541	"Spectinomycin"	"Other antibacterials"	"J01XX04,QJ01XX04"	"Other antibacterials"	"Other antibacterials"	"sc,spe,spec,spect,spt"	"actinospectacina,adspec,espectinomicina,prospec,spectam,spectinomicina,spectinomycine,spectinomycinhydrate,spectinomycinum,spectogard,stanilo,togamycin,trobicin"			3	"g"	"18980-3,35840-8,451-5,452-3,453-1,454-9"
-"SPI"	6419898	"Spiramycin"	"Macrolides/lincosamides"	"J01FA02,QJ01FA02,QJ51FA02"	"Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins"	"Macrolides"	"sipram,spir,spiram"	"formacidine"	3	"g"			"18981-1,455-6,456-4,457-2,458-0,55715-7"
-"SPM"		"Spiramycin/metronidazole"	"Other antibacterials"	"J01RA04,QJ01RA04"	"Combinations of antibacterials"	"Combinations of antibacterials"	"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
+"SOL"	25242512	"Solithromycin"	"Macrolides"	"J01FA16,QJ01FA16"			"NA"	"solithera"					"73587-8,73609-0,73632-2"
+"SPX"	60464	"Sparfloxacin"	"Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones"	"J01MA09,QJ01MA09"	"Quinolone antibacterials"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"spa,spar,sparfl"	"esparfloxacino,parox,spara,sparfloxacine,sparfloxacinum,zagam"	0.2	"g"			"20397-6,23610-9,23628-1,35839-0,7047-4"
+"SPT"	15541	"Spectinomycin"	"Other"	"J01XX04,QJ01XX04"	"Other antibacterials"	"Other antibacterials"	"sc,spe,spec,spect,spt"	"actinospectacina,adspec,espectinomicina,prospec,spectam,spectinomicina,spectinomycine,spectinomycinhydrate,spectinomycinum,spectogard,stanilo,togamycin,trobicin"			3	"g"	"18980-3,35840-8,451-5,452-3,453-1,454-9"
+"SPI"	6419898	"Spiramycin"	"Macrolides"	"J01FA02,QJ01FA02,QJ51FA02"	"Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins"	"Macrolides"	"sipram,spir,spiram"	"formacidine"	3	"g"			"18981-1,455-6,456-4,457-2,458-0,55715-7"
+"SPM"		"Spiramycin/metronidazole"	"Other"	"J01RA04,QJ01RA04"	"Combinations of antibacterials"	"Combinations of antibacterials"	"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
 "STR"		"Streptoduocin"	"Aminoglycosides"	"J01GA02,QJ01GA02"	"Aminoglycoside antibacterials"	"Streptomycins"	"NA"	"NA"			1	"g"	"NA"
 "STR1"	19649	"Streptomycin"	"Aminoglycosides"	"A07AA04,J01GA01,QA07AA04,QJ01GA01"	"Aminoglycoside antibacterials"	"Streptomycins"	"s,st1000,st2000,stm,str,stre,strept"	"agrept,agrimycin,chemform,estreptomicina,gerox,neodiestreptopab,strepcen,streptomicina,streptomycine,streptomycinum,streptomyzin"			1	"g"	"18982-9,18983-7,20462-8,23626-5,25185-0,25205-6,25206-4,35841-6,4039-4,42658-5,42659-3,459-8,460-6,461-4,462-2,46719-1,48177-0,6933-6,7048-2,7049-0,96114-4"
 "STH"		"Streptomycin-high"	"Aminoglycosides"	"NA"			"sthi,sthl,strepto high,streptomycin high"	"NA"					"18983-7,35841-6,6933-6,7049-0"
 "STI"		"Streptomycin/isoniazid"	"Antimycobacterials"	"J04AM01,QJ04AM01"	"Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis"	"Combinations of drugs for treatment of tuberculosis"	"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
-"SUL"	130313	"Sulbactam"	"Beta-lactams/penicillins"	"J01CG01,QJ01CG01"	"Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins"	"Beta-lactamase inhibitors"	"sulbac"	"betamaze,sulbactamum"			1	"g"	"41716-2,41717-0,41718-8,41739-4"
-"SBC"	20055036	"Sulbenicillin"	"Beta-lactams/penicillins"	"J01CA16,QJ01CA16"	"Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins"	"Penicillins with extended spectrum"	"sulben"	"kedacillin,kedacillina,sulbenicilina,sulbenicilline,sulbenicillinum,sulpelin"			15	"g"	"NA"
-"SUC"	5318	"Sulconazole"	"Antifungals/antimycotics"	"D01AC09,QD01AC09"			"NA"	"sulconazol,sulconazolum"					"NA"
-"SUP"	6634	"Sulfachlorpyridazine"	"Other antibacterials"	"QJ01EQ12"			"sulchl"	"cluricol,cosulid,cosumix,durasulf,nefrosul,nsulfanilamide,prinzone,solfaclorpiridazina,sonilyn,sulfacloropiridazina,sulfaclorpiridazina,vetisulid"					"NA"
-"SDI"	5215	"Sulfadiazine"	"Trimethoprims"	"J01EC02,QJ01EQ10"	"Sulfonamides and trimethoprim"	"Intermediate-acting sulfonamides"	"suldia"	"codiazine,cremodiazine,cremotres,debenal,deltazina,dermazin,dermazine,diazolone,diazovit,eskadiazine,flamazine,geben,liquadiazine,microsulfon,neazine,neotrizine,palatrize,piridisir,pirimal,pyrimal,quadetts,quadramoid,sanodiazine,silbertone,sildaflo,silvadene,silvazine,silver,silveramide,sliverex,solfadiazina,spofadrizine,sterazine,sulfacombin,sulfadiazene,sulfadiazin,sulfadiazina,sulfadiazinum,sulfapirimidin,sulfapyrimidin,sulfapyrimidine,sulfatryl,sulfazine,sulfolex,sulfonsol,sulfose,sulphadiazine,terfonyl,theradiazine,thermazene,trifonamide,trisem,truozine"	0.6	"g"			"18984-5,27216-1,463-0,464-8,465-5,466-3,59742-7,6907-0,7050-8"
-"SLT"	122284	"Sulfadiazine/tetroxoprim"	"Trimethoprims"	"J01EE06"	"Sulfonamides and trimethoprim"	"Combinations of sulfonamides and trimethoprim, incl. derivatives"	"NA"	"berlocombin,cotetroxazine,potesept,trimerazine"					"NA"
-"SLT1"	64932	"Sulfadiazine/trimethoprim"	"Trimethoprims"	"J01EE02,QJ01EW10,QJ51RE01"	"Sulfonamides and trimethoprim"	"Combinations of sulfonamides and trimethoprim, incl. derivatives"	"NA"	"antastmon,astra,ditrim,ditrivet,sultrisan,triglobe,trimin,tucoprim,uniprim"					"NA"
-"SUD"	5323	"Sulfadimethoxine"	"Trimethoprims"	"J01ED01,QJ01EQ09,QP51BA01"	"Sulfonamides and trimethoprim"	"Long-acting sulfonamides"	"sdimet"	"abcid,agribon,albon,arnosulfan,bactotril,bactrovet,deposul,diasulfa,diasulfyl,dimetazina,dinosol,dorisul,fuxal,lasibon,madribon,madrigid,madriqid,madroxin,madroxine,maxulvet,mecozine,memcozine,metoxidon,neostrepal,neostreptal,nsulfanilamidesalt,omnibon,persulfen,radonin,redifal,rofenaid,roscosulf,scandisil,solfadimetossina,sudine,suldixine,sulfabon,sulfadimethoxin,sulfadimethoxinesalt,sulfadimethoxinum,sulfadimetossina,sulfadimetoxin,sulfadimetoxina,sulfadimetoxine,sulfadimoxine,sulfastop,sulfoplan,sulforal,sulphadimethoxine,sulxin,sumbio,symbio,theracanzan,ultrasulfon"	0.5	"g"			"87799-3,87803-3"
-"SDM"	5327	"Sulfadimidine"	"Trimethoprims"	"J01EB03,QJ01EQ03,QP51AG01"	"Sulfonamides and trimethoprim"	"Short-acting sulfonamides"	"suldim"	"azolmetazin,bovibol,calfspan,cremomethazine,diazil,diazilsulfadine,diazyl,dimezathine,intradine,kelametazine,mermeth,neasina,neazina,panazin,pirmazin,primazin,solfadimidina,spanbolet,sulfadimerazine,sulfadimesin,sulfadimesine,sulfadimethyldiazine,sulfadimezin,sulfadimezine,sulfadimezinum,sulfadimidin,sulfadimidina,sulfadimidinum,sulfadimidinun,sulfadine,sulfametazina,sulfametazyny,sulfamethiazine,sulfamezathine,sulfamidine,sulfodimesin,sulfodimezine,sulmet,sulphadimidine,sulphamethasine,sulphamethazine,sulphamezathine,sulphamidine,sulphodimezine,superseptil,superseptyl,vertolan,vesadin"	4	"g"			"NA"
-"SLT2"		"Sulfadimidine/trimethoprim"	"Trimethoprims"	"J01EE05,QJ01EW03"	"Sulfonamides and trimethoprim"	"Combinations of sulfonamides and trimethoprim, incl. derivatives"	"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
-"SLF"	5344	"Sulfafurazole"	"Trimethoprims"	"J01EB05,QJ01EQ05,QS01AB02,S01AB02"	"Sulfonamides and trimethoprim"	"Short-acting sulfonamides"	"sfsz"	"accuzole,alphazole,amidoxal,astrazolo,azosulfizin,bactesulf,barazae,chemouag,cosoxazole,dorsulfan,entusil,entusul,ganda,gantrisin,gantrisine,gantrisona,gantrizin,gantrosan,isoxamin,neazolin,neoxazol,novazolo,novosaxazole,nsulphanilamide,pancid,pediazole,renosulfan,resoxol,roxosul,roxoxol,saxosozine,sodizole,solfafurazolo,sosol,soxamide,soxisol,soxitabs,soxomide,stansin,sulbio,sulfafurazol,sulfafurazolum,sulfagan,sulfagen,sulfaisoxazole,sulfalar,sulfapolar,sulfasol,sulfasoxazole,sulfasoxizole,sulfazin,sulfisin,sulfisonazole,sulfisoxasole,sulfisoxazol,sulfisoxazolum,sulfizin,sulfizol,sulfizole,sulfofurazole,sulfoxol,suloxsol,sulphafuraz,sulphafurazol,sulphafurazole,sulphafurazolum,sulphaisoxazole,sulphisoxazol,sulphisoxazole,sulphofurazole,sulsoxin,thiasin,unisulf,urisoxin,uritrisin,urogan"	4	"g"	4	"g"	"NA"
-"SLF1"	5343	"Sulfaisodimidine"	"Trimethoprims"	"J01EB01"	"Sulfonamides and trimethoprim"	"Short-acting sulfonamides"	"NA"	"aristamid,aristamide,aristogyn,domain,domian,elcosin,elcosine,elkosil,elkosin,elkosine,erycon,isosulf,mefenal,solfisomidina,sulfadimetine,sulfaisodimerazine,sulfaisodimidinum,sulfaisomidine,sulfasomidine,sulfisomidin,sulfisomidina,sulfisomidine,sulfisomidinum,sulphasomidine"	4	"g"	4	"g"	"NA"
-"SLF2"	9047	"Sulfalene"	"Trimethoprims"	"J01ED02,QJ01EQ19"	"Sulfonamides and trimethoprim"	"Long-acting sulfonamides"	"NA"	"dalysep,farmitalia,kelfizin,kelfizina,kelfizine,policydal,solfametopirazina,sulfalen,sulfaleno,sulfalenum,sulfamethopyrazine,sulfamethoxypyrazine,sulfametopyrazine,sulfametoxypyridazin,sulphalene,sulphametopyrazine,vetkelfizina"	0.1	"g"			"NA"
-"SZO"	187764	"Sulfamazone"	"Trimethoprims"	"J01ED09"	"Sulfonamides and trimethoprim"	"Long-acting sulfonamides"	"NA"	"sulfamazona,sulfamazonum,sulfenazone"	1.5	"g"			"NA"
-"SLF3"	5325	"Sulfamerazine"	"Trimethoprims"	"D06BA06,J01ED07,QD06BA06,QJ01EQ17"	"Sulfonamides and trimethoprim"	"Long-acting sulfonamides"	"sulmet"	"cremomerazine,kelamerazine,mebacid,mesulfa,methylpyrimal,methylsulfazin,methylsulfazine,metilsulfadiazin,metilsulfazin,percoccide,pyralcid,romezin,septacil,septosyl,solfamerazina,solumedin,solumedine,sulfameradine,sulfamerazin,sulfamerazina,sulfamerazinum,sulfamethyldiazine,sulphamerazine,sumedine"	3	"g"			"NA"
-"SLT3"		"Sulfamerazine/trimethoprim"	"Trimethoprims"	"J01EE07,QJ01EW18"	"Sulfonamides and trimethoprim"	"Combinations of sulfonamides and trimethoprim, incl. derivatives"	"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
-"SUM"	5327	"Sulfamethazine"	"Other antibacterials"	"NA"			"NA"	"NA"					"87592-2"
-"SLF4"	5328	"Sulfamethizole"	"Trimethoprims"	"B05CA04,D06BA04,J01EB02,QB05CA04,QD06BA04,QJ01EQ02,QS01AB01,S01AB01"	"Sulfonamides and trimethoprim"	"Short-acting sulfonamides"	"sfmz"	"aethazolum,ayerlucil,berlophen,gliprotiazol,globucid,globucin,globuzid,glyprothiazol,glyprothiazole,glyprothiazolum,glyprothizolum,lucosil,microsul,proklar,renasul,rufol,salimol,sethadil,solfametizolo,solfetidolo,sulfaethidiole,sulfaethidol,sulfaethidole,sulfaethidolum,sulfaetidol,sulfamethizol,sulfamethizolum,sulfametizol,sulfapyelon,sulfstat,sulfurine,sulphaethidole,sulphamethizole,tardipyrine,tetracid,thidicur,thiosulfil,ultrasul,urocydal,urodiaton,urolucosil,urosulfin"	4	"g"			"60175-7,60176-5,60177-3"
-"SMX"	5329	"Sulfamethoxazole"	"Trimethoprims"	"J01EC01,QJ01EQ11"	"Sulfonamides and trimethoprim"	"Intermediate-acting sulfonamides"	"sfmx,sulf,sulfam"	"septran,septrin,simsinomin,sinomin,solfametossazolo,sulfamethalazole,sulfamethoxazolum,sulfamethoxizole,sulfamethylisoxazole,sulfametoxazol,sulfiodizole,sulfisomezole,sulphisomezole,urobak"	2	"g"			"10342-4,11577-4,18985-2,25271-8,39772-9,467-1,468-9,469-7,470-5,59971-2,59972-0,60333-2,72674-5,80549-9,80974-9"
-"SLF5"	5330	"Sulfamethoxypyridazine"	"Trimethoprims"	"J01ED05,QJ01EQ15"	"Sulfonamides and trimethoprim"	"Long-acting sulfonamides"	"NA"	"altezol,cysul,davosin,depovernil,durox,kineks,kinex,kynex,lederkyn,lentac,lisulfen,longin,medicel,midicel,midikel,myasul,opinsul,paramid,petrisul,piridolo,quinoseptyl,retamid,retasulfin,retasulphine,slosul,spofadazine,succinylsulfathi,sulfalex,sulfapiridazin,sulfapyridazine,sulfdurazin,sulfozona,sultirene,vinces"	0.5	"g"			"NA"
-"SLF6"	19596	"Sulfametomidine"	"Trimethoprims"	"J01ED03"	"Sulfonamides and trimethoprim"	"Long-acting sulfonamides"	"NA"	"duroprocin,methofadin,methofazine,solfametomidina,sulfametomidin,sulfametomidina,sulfametomidinum,telemid"					"NA"
-"SLF7"	5326	"Sulfametoxydiazine"	"Trimethoprims"	"J01ED04"	"Sulfonamides and trimethoprim"	"Long-acting sulfonamides"	"NA"	"bayrena,berlicid,dairena,durenat,juvoxin,kinecid,kirocid,kiron,longasulf,methoxypyrimal,solfametossidiazina,sulfameter,sulfametersalt,sulfamethorine,sulfamethoxine,sulfamethoxydiazin,sulfamethoxydiazine,sulfamethoxydin,sulfamethoxydine,sulfametin,sulfametinum,sulfametorine,sulfametorinum,sulfametoxidiazina,sulfametoxidine,sulfametoxydiazinum,sulla,sulphameter,sulphamethoxydiazine,supramid,ultrax"	0.5	"g"			"NA"
-"SLT4"		"Sulfametrole/trimethoprim"	"Trimethoprims"	"J01EE03"	"Sulfonamides and trimethoprim"	"Combinations of sulfonamides and trimethoprim, incl. derivatives"	"trsm"	"NA"					"NA"
-"SLF8"	12894	"Sulfamoxole"	"Trimethoprims"	"J01EC03"	"Sulfonamides and trimethoprim"	"Intermediate-acting sulfonamides"	"NA"	"enterocura,justamil,oxasulfa,solfaguanolo,solfamossolo,sulfadimethyloxazole,sulfaguanol,sulfaguanole,sulfaguanolum,sulfamoxol,sulfamoxolum,sulfano,sulfavigor,sulfmidil,sulfono,sulfune,sulfuno,sulphamoxole,tardamid,tardamide"	1	"g"	1	"g"	"NA"
-"SLT5"		"Sulfamoxole/trimethoprim"	"Trimethoprims"	"J01EE04"	"Sulfonamides and trimethoprim"	"Combinations of sulfonamides and trimethoprim, incl. derivatives"	"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
-"SLF9"	5333	"Sulfanilamide"	"Trimethoprims"	"D06BA05,J01EB06,QD06BA05,QJ01EQ06"	"Sulfonamides and trimethoprim"	"Short-acting sulfonamides"	"NA"	"albexan,albosal,ambeside,antistrept,astreptine,astrocid,bacteramid,bactesid,collomide,colsulanyde,copticide,deseptyl,dipron,ergaseptine,erysipan,estreptocida,exoseptoplix,fourneau,gerison,gombardol,hydroxysulfonamide,infepan,lusil,lysococcine,neococcyl,orgaseptine,prontalbin,prontylin,proseptal,proseptine,proseptol,pysococcine,sanamid,septanilam,septinal,septolix,septoplex,septoplix,solfanilamide,stramid,strepamide,strepsan,streptagol,streptamid,streptamin,streptasol,streptocid,streptocide,streptocidum,streptoclase,streptocom,strepton,streptopan,streptosil,streptozol,streptozone,streptrocide,sulfamidyl,sulfamine,sulfana,sulfanalone,sulfanidyl,sulfanil,sulfanilamida,sulfanilamidomethan,sulfanilamidum,sulfanimide,sulfocidin,sulfocidine,sulfonylamide,sulphanilamide,sulphanilamidum,sulphonamide,therapol,tolder"					"NA"
-"SLF10"	68933	"Sulfaperin"	"Trimethoprims"	"J01ED06"	"Sulfonamides and trimethoprim"	"Long-acting sulfonamides"	"NA"	"anastaf,archisulfa,archisulpha,avissul,chemiopen,demosulfan,demosulphan,durisan,isosulfamerazine,isosulphamerazine,methylsulfadiazin,methylsulfadiazine,methylsulphadiazine,novosul,orosulfan,pallidin,retardon,risulfasens,sulfaperina,sulfaperine,sulfaperinum,sulfatreis,sulfopirimidine,sulpenta,sulphaperin,sulphaperina,sulphaperinum"	0.5	"g"			"NA"
-"SLF11"	5335	"Sulfaphenazole"	"Trimethoprims"	"J01ED08,QJ01EQ08"	"Sulfonamides and trimethoprim"	"Long-acting sulfonamides"	"NA"	"depocid,depotsulfonamide,eftolon,firmazolo,inamil,isarol,merian,orisul,orisulf,paidazolo,phenylsulfapyrazole,plisulfan,raziosulfa,solfafenazolo,sulfabid,sulfafenazol,sulfafenazolo,sulfaphenazol,sulfaphenazolum,sulfaphenazon,sulfaphenylpipazol,sulfaphenylpyrazol,sulfaphenylpyrazole,sulfonylpyrazol,sulphaphenazole,sulphenazole"	1	"g"			"NA"
-"SLF12"	5336	"Sulfapyridine"	"Trimethoprims"	"J01EB04,QJ01EQ04"	"Sulfonamides and trimethoprim"	"Short-acting sulfonamides"	"NA"	"adiplon,coccoclase,dagenan,eubasin,eubasinum,haptocil,piridazol,plurazol,pyriamid,pyridazol,relbapiridina,ronin,septipulmon,solfapiridina,soludagenan,streptosilpyridine,sulfapiridina,sulfapyridin,sulfapyridinum,sulfidin,sulfidine,sulphapyridin,sulphapyridine,thioseptal,trianon"	1	"g"			"14075-6,55580-5"
-"SNA"	60582	"Sulfasuccinamide"	"Other antibacterials"	"NA"			"NA"	"sulfasuccinamid,sulfasuccinamida,sulfasuccinamidum"					"NA"
-"SUT"	5340	"Sulfathiazole"	"Trimethoprims"	"D06BA02,J01EB07,QD06BA02,QJ01EQ07"	"Sulfonamides and trimethoprim"	"Short-acting sulfonamides"	"sulthi"	"azoquimiol,azoseptale,cerazol,cerazole,chemosept,cibazol,duatok,dulana,eleudron,enterobiocine,estafilol,formosulfathiazole,neostrepsan,norsulfasol,norsulfazol,norsulfazole,norsulfazolum,planomide,poliseptil,sanotiazol,septozol,solfatiazolo,soluthiazomide,streptosilthiazole,sulfamul,sulfaplex,sulfathiazol,sulfathiazolesalt,sulfathiazolum,sulfatiazol,sulfavitina,sulfocerol,sulphathiazole,sulzol,thiacoccine,thiasulfol,thiazamide,thiozamide,wintrazole"					"87591-4,87796-9,87797-7"
-"SLF13"	3000579	"Sulfathiourea"	"Trimethoprims"	"J01EB08"	"Sulfonamides and trimethoprim"	"Short-acting sulfonamides"	"NA"	"badional,baldinol,fontamide,salvoseptyl,solfatiourea,solufontamide,sulfanilthiourea,sulfathiocarbamid,sulfathiocarbamide,sulfathiocarbamidum,sulfathioureasalt,sulfathiouree,sulfatiourea,sulphathiourea"	6	"g"			"NA"
-"SOX"	5344	"Sulfisoxazole"	"Other antibacterials"	"NA"			"sulfiz"	"NA"					"11578-2,18986-0,25226-2,471-3,472-1,473-9,474-7,9701-4"
-"SSS"	86225	"Sulfonamide"	"Other antibacterials"	"NA"			"sfna,sulami"	"NA"					"17674-3,17675-0,18987-8,35842-4,4040-2,4041-0,4042-8,475-4,476-2,477-0,478-8,75650-2"
-"SLP"	9950244	"Sulopenem"	"Other antibacterials"	"NA"			"sulope"	"orlynvah"					"55289-3,55290-1,55291-9"
-"SLT6"	444022	"Sultamicillin"	"Beta-lactams/penicillins"	"J01CR04,QJ01CR04"	"Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins"	"Combinations of penicillins, incl. beta-lactamase inhibitors"	"sultos"	"combisid,sultamicilina,sultamicilline,sultamicillinum,unacid"	1.5	"g"			"NA"
-"SUR"	46700778	"Surotomycin"	"Other antibacterials"	"NA"			"NA"	"surotomicina,surotomycine"					"NA"
-"TAL"	71447	"Talampicillin"	"Beta-lactams/penicillins"	"J01CA15,QJ01CA15"	"Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins"	"Penicillins with extended spectrum"	"NA"	"aseocillin,phthalidyl,talampicilina,talampicilline,talampicillinum,talpen,yamacillin"	2	"g"			"18988-6,479-6,480-4,481-2,482-0"
-"TLP"	163307	"Talmetoprim"	"Other antibacterials"	"NA"			"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
-"TAZ"	123630	"Tazobactam"	"Beta-lactams/penicillins"	"J01CG02,QJ01CG02"	"Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins"	"Beta-lactamase inhibitors"	"tazo,tazoba"	"exblifep,tazobactamsalt,tazobactamum,tazobactum"					"41719-6,41720-4,41721-2,41740-2"
-"TBP"	9800194	"Tebipenem"	"Carbapenems"	"NA"			"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
+"SUL"	130313	"Sulbactam"	"Beta-lactamase inhibitors"	"J01CG01,QJ01CG01"	"Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins"	"Beta-lactamase inhibitors"	"sulbac"	"betamaze,sulbactamum"			1	"g"	"41716-2,41717-0,41718-8,41739-4"
+"SBC"	20055036	"Sulbenicillin"	"Penicillins,Beta-lactams"	"J01CA16,QJ01CA16"	"Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins"	"Penicillins with extended spectrum"	"sulben"	"kedacillin,kedacillina,sulbenicilina,sulbenicilline,sulbenicillinum,sulpelin"			15	"g"	"NA"
+"SUC"	5318	"Sulconazole"	"Antifungals"	"D01AC09,QD01AC09"			"NA"	"sulconazol,sulconazolum"					"NA"
+"SUP"	6634	"Sulfachlorpyridazine"	"Sulfonamides"	"QJ01EQ12"			"sulchl"	"cluricol,cosulid,cosumix,durasulf,nefrosul,nsulfanilamide,prinzone,solfaclorpiridazina,sonilyn,sulfacloropiridazina,sulfaclorpiridazina,vetisulid"					"NA"
+"SDI"	5215	"Sulfadiazine"	"Trimethoprims,Sulfonamides"	"J01EC02,QJ01EQ10"	"Sulfonamides and trimethoprim"	"Intermediate-acting sulfonamides"	"suldia"	"codiazine,cremodiazine,cremotres,debenal,deltazina,dermazin,dermazine,diazolone,diazovit,eskadiazine,flamazine,geben,liquadiazine,microsulfon,neazine,neotrizine,palatrize,piridisir,pirimal,pyrimal,quadetts,quadramoid,sanodiazine,silbertone,sildaflo,silvadene,silvazine,silver,silveramide,sliverex,solfadiazina,spofadrizine,sterazine,sulfacombin,sulfadiazene,sulfadiazin,sulfadiazina,sulfadiazinum,sulfapirimidin,sulfapyrimidin,sulfapyrimidine,sulfatryl,sulfazine,sulfolex,sulfonsol,sulfose,sulphadiazine,terfonyl,theradiazine,thermazene,trifonamide,trisem,truozine"	0.6	"g"			"18984-5,27216-1,463-0,464-8,465-5,466-3,59742-7,6907-0,7050-8"
+"SLT"	122284	"Sulfadiazine/tetroxoprim"	"Trimethoprims,Sulfonamides"	"J01EE06"	"Sulfonamides and trimethoprim"	"Combinations of sulfonamides and trimethoprim, incl. derivatives"	"NA"	"berlocombin,cotetroxazine,potesept,trimerazine"					"NA"
+"SLT1"	64932	"Sulfadiazine/trimethoprim"	"Trimethoprims,Sulfonamides"	"J01EE02,QJ01EW10,QJ51RE01"	"Sulfonamides and trimethoprim"	"Combinations of sulfonamides and trimethoprim, incl. derivatives"	"NA"	"antastmon,astra,ditrim,ditrivet,sultrisan,triglobe,trimin,tucoprim,uniprim"					"NA"
+"SUD"	5323	"Sulfadimethoxine"	"Trimethoprims,Sulfonamides"	"J01ED01,QJ01EQ09,QP51BA01"	"Sulfonamides and trimethoprim"	"Long-acting sulfonamides"	"sdimet"	"abcid,agribon,albon,arnosulfan,bactotril,bactrovet,deposul,diasulfa,diasulfyl,dimetazina,dinosol,dorisul,fuxal,lasibon,madribon,madrigid,madriqid,madroxin,madroxine,maxulvet,mecozine,memcozine,metoxidon,neostrepal,neostreptal,nsulfanilamidesalt,omnibon,persulfen,radonin,redifal,rofenaid,roscosulf,scandisil,solfadimetossina,sudine,suldixine,sulfabon,sulfadimethoxin,sulfadimethoxinesalt,sulfadimethoxinum,sulfadimetossina,sulfadimetoxin,sulfadimetoxina,sulfadimetoxine,sulfadimoxine,sulfastop,sulfoplan,sulforal,sulphadimethoxine,sulxin,sumbio,symbio,theracanzan,ultrasulfon"	0.5	"g"			"87799-3,87803-3"
+"SDM"	5327	"Sulfadimidine"	"Trimethoprims,Sulfonamides"	"J01EB03,QJ01EQ03,QP51AG01"	"Sulfonamides and trimethoprim"	"Short-acting sulfonamides"	"suldim"	"azolmetazin,bovibol,calfspan,cremomethazine,diazil,diazilsulfadine,diazyl,dimezathine,intradine,kelametazine,mermeth,neasina,neazina,panazin,pirmazin,primazin,solfadimidina,spanbolet,sulfadimerazine,sulfadimesin,sulfadimesine,sulfadimethyldiazine,sulfadimezin,sulfadimezine,sulfadimezinum,sulfadimidin,sulfadimidina,sulfadimidinum,sulfadimidinun,sulfadine,sulfametazina,sulfametazyny,sulfamethiazine,sulfamezathine,sulfamidine,sulfodimesin,sulfodimezine,sulmet,sulphadimidine,sulphamethasine,sulphamethazine,sulphamezathine,sulphamidine,sulphodimezine,superseptil,superseptyl,vertolan,vesadin"	4	"g"			"NA"
+"SLT2"		"Sulfadimidine/trimethoprim"	"Trimethoprims,Sulfonamides"	"J01EE05,QJ01EW03"	"Sulfonamides and trimethoprim"	"Combinations of sulfonamides and trimethoprim, incl. derivatives"	"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
+"SLF"	5344	"Sulfafurazole"	"Trimethoprims,Sulfonamides"	"J01EB05,QJ01EQ05,QS01AB02,S01AB02"	"Sulfonamides and trimethoprim"	"Short-acting sulfonamides"	"sfsz"	"accuzole,alphazole,amidoxal,astrazolo,azosulfizin,bactesulf,barazae,chemouag,cosoxazole,dorsulfan,entusil,entusul,ganda,gantrisin,gantrisine,gantrisona,gantrizin,gantrosan,isoxamin,neazolin,neoxazol,novazolo,novosaxazole,nsulphanilamide,pancid,pediazole,renosulfan,resoxol,roxosul,roxoxol,saxosozine,sodizole,solfafurazolo,sosol,soxamide,soxisol,soxitabs,soxomide,stansin,sulbio,sulfafurazol,sulfafurazolum,sulfagan,sulfagen,sulfaisoxazole,sulfalar,sulfapolar,sulfasol,sulfasoxazole,sulfasoxizole,sulfazin,sulfisin,sulfisonazole,sulfisoxasole,sulfisoxazol,sulfisoxazolum,sulfizin,sulfizol,sulfizole,sulfofurazole,sulfoxol,suloxsol,sulphafuraz,sulphafurazol,sulphafurazole,sulphafurazolum,sulphaisoxazole,sulphisoxazol,sulphisoxazole,sulphofurazole,sulsoxin,thiasin,unisulf,urisoxin,uritrisin,urogan"	4	"g"	4	"g"	"NA"
+"SLF1"	5343	"Sulfaisodimidine"	"Trimethoprims,Sulfonamides"	"J01EB01"	"Sulfonamides and trimethoprim"	"Short-acting sulfonamides"	"NA"	"aristamid,aristamide,aristogyn,domain,domian,elcosin,elcosine,elkosil,elkosin,elkosine,erycon,isosulf,mefenal,solfisomidina,sulfadimetine,sulfaisodimerazine,sulfaisodimidinum,sulfaisomidine,sulfasomidine,sulfisomidin,sulfisomidina,sulfisomidine,sulfisomidinum,sulphasomidine"	4	"g"	4	"g"	"NA"
+"SLF2"	9047	"Sulfalene"	"Trimethoprims,Sulfonamides"	"J01ED02,QJ01EQ19"	"Sulfonamides and trimethoprim"	"Long-acting sulfonamides"	"NA"	"dalysep,farmitalia,kelfizin,kelfizina,kelfizine,policydal,solfametopirazina,sulfalen,sulfaleno,sulfalenum,sulfamethopyrazine,sulfamethoxypyrazine,sulfametopyrazine,sulfametoxypyridazin,sulphalene,sulphametopyrazine,vetkelfizina"	0.1	"g"			"NA"
+"SZO"	187764	"Sulfamazone"	"Trimethoprims,Sulfonamides"	"J01ED09"	"Sulfonamides and trimethoprim"	"Long-acting sulfonamides"	"NA"	"sulfamazona,sulfamazonum,sulfenazone"	1.5	"g"			"NA"
+"SLF3"	5325	"Sulfamerazine"	"Trimethoprims,Sulfonamides"	"D06BA06,J01ED07,QD06BA06,QJ01EQ17"	"Sulfonamides and trimethoprim"	"Long-acting sulfonamides"	"sulmet"	"cremomerazine,kelamerazine,mebacid,mesulfa,methylpyrimal,methylsulfazin,methylsulfazine,metilsulfadiazin,metilsulfazin,percoccide,pyralcid,romezin,septacil,septosyl,solfamerazina,solumedin,solumedine,sulfameradine,sulfamerazin,sulfamerazina,sulfamerazinum,sulfamethyldiazine,sulphamerazine,sumedine"	3	"g"			"NA"
+"SLT3"		"Sulfamerazine/trimethoprim"	"Trimethoprims,Sulfonamides"	"J01EE07,QJ01EW18"	"Sulfonamides and trimethoprim"	"Combinations of sulfonamides and trimethoprim, incl. derivatives"	"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
+"SUM"		"Sulfamethazine"	"Sulfonamides"	"NA"			"NA"	"NA"					"87592-2"
+"SLF4"	5328	"Sulfamethizole"	"Trimethoprims,Sulfonamides"	"B05CA04,D06BA04,J01EB02,QB05CA04,QD06BA04,QJ01EQ02,QS01AB01,S01AB01"	"Sulfonamides and trimethoprim"	"Short-acting sulfonamides"	"sfmz"	"aethazolum,ayerlucil,berlophen,gliprotiazol,globucid,globucin,globuzid,glyprothiazol,glyprothiazole,glyprothiazolum,glyprothizolum,lucosil,microsul,proklar,renasul,rufol,salimol,sethadil,solfametizolo,solfetidolo,sulfaethidiole,sulfaethidol,sulfaethidole,sulfaethidolum,sulfaetidol,sulfamethizol,sulfamethizolum,sulfametizol,sulfapyelon,sulfstat,sulfurine,sulphaethidole,sulphamethizole,tardipyrine,tetracid,thidicur,thiosulfil,ultrasul,urocydal,urodiaton,urolucosil,urosulfin"	4	"g"			"60175-7,60176-5,60177-3"
+"SMX"	5329	"Sulfamethoxazole"	"Trimethoprims,Sulfonamides"	"J01EC01,QJ01EQ11"	"Sulfonamides and trimethoprim"	"Intermediate-acting sulfonamides"	"sfmx,sulf,sulfam"	"septran,septrin,simsinomin,sinomin,solfametossazolo,sulfamethalazole,sulfamethoxazolum,sulfamethoxizole,sulfamethylisoxazole,sulfametoxazol,sulfiodizole,sulfisomezole,sulphisomezole,urobak"	2	"g"			"10342-4,11577-4,18985-2,25271-8,39772-9,467-1,468-9,469-7,470-5,59971-2,59972-0,60333-2,72674-5,80549-9,80974-9"
+"SLF5"	5330	"Sulfamethoxypyridazine"	"Trimethoprims,Sulfonamides"	"J01ED05,QJ01EQ15"	"Sulfonamides and trimethoprim"	"Long-acting sulfonamides"	"NA"	"altezol,cysul,davosin,depovernil,durox,kineks,kinex,kynex,lederkyn,lentac,lisulfen,longin,medicel,midicel,midikel,myasul,opinsul,paramid,petrisul,piridolo,quinoseptyl,retamid,retasulfin,retasulphine,slosul,spofadazine,succinylsulfathi,sulfalex,sulfapiridazin,sulfapyridazine,sulfdurazin,sulfozona,sultirene,vinces"	0.5	"g"			"NA"
+"SLF6"	19596	"Sulfametomidine"	"Trimethoprims,Sulfonamides"	"J01ED03"	"Sulfonamides and trimethoprim"	"Long-acting sulfonamides"	"NA"	"duroprocin,methofadin,methofazine,solfametomidina,sulfametomidin,sulfametomidina,sulfametomidinum,telemid"					"NA"
+"SLF7"	5326	"Sulfametoxydiazine"	"Trimethoprims,Sulfonamides"	"J01ED04"	"Sulfonamides and trimethoprim"	"Long-acting sulfonamides"	"NA"	"bayrena,berlicid,dairena,durenat,juvoxin,kinecid,kirocid,kiron,longasulf,methoxypyrimal,solfametossidiazina,sulfameter,sulfametersalt,sulfamethorine,sulfamethoxine,sulfamethoxydiazin,sulfamethoxydiazine,sulfamethoxydin,sulfamethoxydine,sulfametin,sulfametinum,sulfametorine,sulfametorinum,sulfametoxidiazina,sulfametoxidine,sulfametoxydiazinum,sulla,sulphameter,sulphamethoxydiazine,supramid,ultrax"	0.5	"g"			"NA"
+"SLT4"		"Sulfametrole/trimethoprim"	"Trimethoprims,Sulfonamides"	"J01EE03"	"Sulfonamides and trimethoprim"	"Combinations of sulfonamides and trimethoprim, incl. derivatives"	"trsm"	"NA"					"NA"
+"SLF8"	12894	"Sulfamoxole"	"Trimethoprims,Sulfonamides"	"J01EC03"	"Sulfonamides and trimethoprim"	"Intermediate-acting sulfonamides"	"NA"	"enterocura,justamil,oxasulfa,solfaguanolo,solfamossolo,sulfadimethyloxazole,sulfaguanol,sulfaguanole,sulfaguanolum,sulfamoxol,sulfamoxolum,sulfano,sulfavigor,sulfmidil,sulfono,sulfune,sulfuno,sulphamoxole,tardamid,tardamide"	1	"g"	1	"g"	"NA"
+"SLT5"		"Sulfamoxole/trimethoprim"	"Trimethoprims,Sulfonamides"	"J01EE04"	"Sulfonamides and trimethoprim"	"Combinations of sulfonamides and trimethoprim, incl. derivatives"	"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
+"SLF9"	5333	"Sulfanilamide"	"Trimethoprims,Sulfonamides"	"D06BA05,J01EB06,QD06BA05,QJ01EQ06"	"Sulfonamides and trimethoprim"	"Short-acting sulfonamides"	"NA"	"albexan,albosal,ambeside,antistrept,astreptine,astrocid,bacteramid,bactesid,collomide,colsulanyde,copticide,deseptyl,dipron,ergaseptine,erysipan,estreptocida,exoseptoplix,fourneau,gerison,gombardol,hydroxysulfonamide,infepan,lusil,lysococcine,neococcyl,orgaseptine,prontalbin,prontylin,proseptal,proseptine,proseptol,pysococcine,sanamid,septanilam,septinal,septolix,septoplex,septoplix,solfanilamide,stramid,strepamide,strepsan,streptagol,streptamid,streptamin,streptasol,streptocid,streptocide,streptocidum,streptoclase,streptocom,streptopan,streptosil,streptozol,streptozone,streptrocide,sulfamidyl,sulfamine,sulfana,sulfanalone,sulfanidyl,sulfanil,sulfanilamida,sulfanilamidomethan,sulfanilamidum,sulfanimide,sulfocidin,sulfocidine,sulfonylamide,sulphanilamide,sulphanilamidum,sulphonamide,therapol,tolder"					"NA"
+"SLF10"	68933	"Sulfaperin"	"Trimethoprims,Sulfonamides"	"J01ED06"	"Sulfonamides and trimethoprim"	"Long-acting sulfonamides"	"NA"	"anastaf,archisulfa,archisulpha,avissul,chemiopen,demosulfan,demosulphan,durisan,isosulfamerazine,isosulphamerazine,methylsulfadiazin,methylsulfadiazine,methylsulphadiazine,novosul,orosulfan,pallidin,retardon,risulfasens,sulfaperina,sulfaperine,sulfaperinum,sulfatreis,sulfopirimidine,sulpenta,sulphaperin,sulphaperina,sulphaperinum"	0.5	"g"			"NA"
+"SLF11"	5335	"Sulfaphenazole"	"Trimethoprims,Sulfonamides"	"J01ED08,QJ01EQ08"	"Sulfonamides and trimethoprim"	"Long-acting sulfonamides"	"NA"	"depocid,depotsulfonamide,eftolon,firmazolo,inamil,isarol,merian,orisul,orisulf,paidazolo,phenylsulfapyrazole,plisulfan,raziosulfa,solfafenazolo,sulfabid,sulfafenazol,sulfafenazolo,sulfaphenazol,sulfaphenazolum,sulfaphenazon,sulfaphenylpipazol,sulfaphenylpyrazol,sulfaphenylpyrazole,sulfonylpyrazol,sulphaphenazole,sulphenazole"	1	"g"			"NA"
+"SLF12"	5336	"Sulfapyridine"	"Trimethoprims,Sulfonamides"	"J01EB04,QJ01EQ04"	"Sulfonamides and trimethoprim"	"Short-acting sulfonamides"	"NA"	"adiplon,coccoclase,dagenan,eubasin,eubasinum,haptocil,piridazol,plurazol,pyriamid,pyridazol,relbapiridina,ronin,septipulmon,solfapiridina,soludagenan,streptosilpyridine,sulfapiridina,sulfapyridin,sulfapyridinum,sulfidin,sulfidine,sulphapyridin,sulphapyridine,thioseptal,trianon"	1	"g"			"14075-6,55580-5"
+"SNA"	60582	"Sulfasuccinamide"	"Sulfonamides"	"NA"			"NA"	"sulfasuccinamid,sulfasuccinamida,sulfasuccinamidum"					"NA"
+"SUT"	5340	"Sulfathiazole"	"Trimethoprims,Sulfonamides"	"D06BA02,J01EB07,QD06BA02,QJ01EQ07"	"Sulfonamides and trimethoprim"	"Short-acting sulfonamides"	"sulthi"	"azoquimiol,azoseptale,cerazol,cerazole,chemosept,cibazol,duatok,dulana,eleudron,enterobiocine,estafilol,formosulfathiazole,neostrepsan,norsulfasol,norsulfazol,norsulfazole,norsulfazolum,planomide,poliseptil,sanotiazol,septozol,solfatiazolo,soluthiazomide,streptosilthiazole,sulfamul,sulfaplex,sulfathiazol,sulfathiazolesalt,sulfathiazolum,sulfatiazol,sulfavitina,sulfocerol,sulphathiazole,sulzol,thiacoccine,thiasulfol,thiazamide,thiozamide,wintrazole"					"87591-4,87796-9,87797-7"
+"SLF13"	3000579	"Sulfathiourea"	"Trimethoprims,Sulfonamides"	"J01EB08"	"Sulfonamides and trimethoprim"	"Short-acting sulfonamides"	"NA"	"badional,baldinol,fontamide,salvoseptyl,solfatiourea,solufontamide,sulfanilthiourea,sulfathiocarbamid,sulfathiocarbamide,sulfathiocarbamidum,sulfathioureasalt,sulfathiouree,sulfatiourea,sulphathiourea"	6	"g"			"NA"
+"SOX"		"Sulfisoxazole"	"Sulfonamides"	"NA"			"sulfiz"	"NA"					"11578-2,18986-0,25226-2,471-3,472-1,473-9,474-7,9701-4"
+"SSS"	86225	"Sulfonamide"	"Sulfonamides"	"NA"			"sfna,sulami"	"NA"					"17674-3,17675-0,18987-8,35842-4,4040-2,4041-0,4042-8,475-4,476-2,477-0,478-8,75650-2"
+"SLP"	9950244	"Sulopenem"	"Other"	"NA"			"sulope"	"orlynvah"					"55289-3,55290-1,55291-9"
+"SLT6"	444022	"Sultamicillin"	"Penicillins,Beta-lactams,Beta-lactamase inhibitors"	"J01CR04,QJ01CR04"	"Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins"	"Combinations of penicillins, incl. beta-lactamase inhibitors"	"sultos"	"combisid,sultamicilina,sultamicilline,sultamicillinum,unacid"	1.5	"g"			"NA"
+"SUR"	46700778	"Surotomycin"	"Other"	"NA"			"NA"	"surotomicina,surotomycine"					"NA"
+"TAL"	71447	"Talampicillin"	"Penicillins,Beta-lactams"	"J01CA15,QJ01CA15"	"Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins"	"Penicillins with extended spectrum"	"NA"	"aseocillin,phthalidyl,talampicilina,talampicilline,talampicillinum,talpen,yamacillin"	2	"g"			"18988-6,479-6,480-4,481-2,482-0"
+"TLP"	163307	"Talmetoprim"	"Other"	"NA"			"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
+"TAN"	76902493	"Taniborbactam"	"Carbapenems,Beta-lactams,Beta-lactamase inhibitors"	"NA"			"vnrx-5133"	"NA"					"NA"
+"TAZ"	123630	"Tazobactam"	"Beta-lactamase inhibitors"	"J01CG02,QJ01CG02"	"Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins"	"Beta-lactamase inhibitors"	"tazo,tazoba"	"exblifep,tazobactamsalt,tazobactamum,tazobactum"					"41719-6,41720-4,41721-2,41740-2"
+"TBP"	9800194	"Tebipenem"	"Carbapenems,Beta-lactams"	"NA"			"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
 "TZD"	11234049	"Tedizolid"	"Oxazolidinones"	"J01XX11,QJ01XX11"	"Other antibacterials"	"Other antibacterials"	"tedi"	"torezolid"	0.2	"g"	0.2	"g"	"73586-0,73608-2,73631-4"
-"TEC"	16131923	"Teicoplanin"	"Glycopeptides"	"J01XA02,QJ01XA02"	"Other antibacterials"	"Glycopeptide antibacterials"	"tec,tei,teic,teicop,tp,tpl,tpn"	"NA"			0.4	"g"	"18989-4,25534-9,25535-6,34378-0,34379-8,4043-6,483-8,484-6,485-3,486-1,7051-6,80968-1"
-"TCM"		"Teicoplanin-macromethod"	"Glycopeptides"	"NA"			"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
-"TLV"	3081362	"Telavancin"	"Glycopeptides"	"J01XA03,QJ01XA03"	"Other antibacterials"	"Glycopeptide antibacterials"	"tela,telava"	"arbelic,nvancomycin,televancin"					"72894-9,73630-6,85051-1,88886-7"
-"TLT"	3002190	"Telithromycin"	"Macrolides/lincosamides"	"J01FA15,QJ01FA15"	"Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins"	"Macrolides"	"teli,telith"	"ketek,levviax"	0.8	"g"			"35843-2,35844-0,35845-7,41722-0"
-"TMX"	60021	"Temafloxacin"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"J01MA05,QJ01MA05"	"Quinolone antibacterials"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"tema,temafl"	"omniflox,temafloxacina,temafloxacine,temafloxacino,temafloxacinum"	0.8	"g"			"18990-2,487-9,488-7,489-5,490-3"
-"TEM"	171758	"Temocillin"	"Beta-lactams/penicillins"	"J01CA17,QJ01CA17"	"Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins"	"Penicillins with extended spectrum"	"temo,temoci"	"negaban,temocilina,temocillina,temocilline,temocillinum"			4	"g"	"18991-0,491-1,492-9,493-7,494-5,54190-4"
-"TRB"	1549008	"Terbinafine"	"Antifungals/antimycotics"	"D01AE15,D01BA02,QD01AE15,QD01BA02"	"Antifungals for systemic use"	"Antifungals for systemic use"	"terb"	"afogan,bramazil,bramizil,corbinal,lamasil,lamisil,muzonal,shoprite,terbina,terbinafina,terbinafinum,terbine,terbinex,terbisil,zabel"	0.25	"g"			"10720-1,10721-9,18992-8"
-"TRC"	441383	"Terconazole"	"Antifungals/antimycotics"	"G01AG02,QG01AG02"			"NA"	"fungistat,panlomyc,terazol,terconazol,terconazolum,tercospor,tetrazol,triaconazole,zazole"					"55196-0"
+"TEC"	16131923	"Teicoplanin"	"Glycopeptides,Peptides"	"J01XA02,QJ01XA02"	"Other antibacterials"	"Glycopeptide antibacterials"	"tec,tei,teic,teicop,tp,tpl,tpn"	"NA"			0.4	"g"	"18989-4,25534-9,25535-6,34378-0,34379-8,4043-6,483-8,484-6,485-3,486-1,7051-6,80968-1"
+"TCM"		"Teicoplanin-macromethod"	"Glycopeptides,Peptides"	"NA"			"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
+"TLV"	3081362	"Telavancin"	"Lipoglycopeptides,Glycopeptides,Peptides"	"J01XA03,QJ01XA03"	"Other antibacterials"	"Glycopeptide antibacterials"	"tela,telava"	"arbelic,nvancomycin,televancin"					"72894-9,73630-6,85051-1,88886-7"
+"TLT"	3002190	"Telithromycin"	"Macrolides"	"J01FA15,QJ01FA15"	"Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins"	"Macrolides"	"teli,telith"	"ketek,levviax"	0.8	"g"			"35843-2,35844-0,35845-7,41722-0"
+"TMX"	60021	"Temafloxacin"	"Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones"	"J01MA05,QJ01MA05"	"Quinolone antibacterials"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"tema,temafl"	"omniflox,temafloxacina,temafloxacine,temafloxacino,temafloxacinum"	0.8	"g"			"18990-2,487-9,488-7,489-5,490-3"
+"TEM"	171758	"Temocillin"	"Penicillins,Beta-lactams"	"J01CA17,QJ01CA17"	"Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins"	"Penicillins with extended spectrum"	"temo,temoci"	"negaban,temocilina,temocillina,temocilline,temocillinum"			4	"g"	"18991-0,491-1,492-9,493-7,494-5,54190-4"
+"TRB"	1549008	"Terbinafine"	"Antifungals"	"D01AE15,D01BA02,QD01AE15,QD01BA02"	"Antifungals for systemic use"	"Antifungals for systemic use"	"terb"	"afogan,bramazil,bramizil,corbinal,lamasil,lamisil,muzonal,shoprite,terbina,terbinafina,terbinafinum,terbine,terbinex,terbisil,zabel"	0.25	"g"			"10720-1,10721-9,18992-8"
+"TRC"	441383	"Terconazole"	"Antifungals"	"G01AG02,QG01AG02"			"NA"	"fungistat,panlomyc,terazol,terconazol,terconazolum,tercospor,tetrazol,triaconazole,zazole"					"55196-0"
 "TRZ"	65720	"Terizidone"	"Antimycobacterials"	"J04AK03,QJ04AK03"	"Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis"	"Other drugs for treatment of tuberculosis"	"NA"	"terivalidin,terizidona,terizidonum"					"NA"
 "TCY"	54675776	"Tetracycline"	"Tetracyclines"	"A01AB13,D06AA04,J01AA07,QA01AB13,QD06AA04,QG01AA90,QG51AA02,QJ01AA07,QJ51AA07,QS01AA09,QS02AA08,QS03AA02,S01AA09,S02AA08,S03AA02"	"Tetracyclines"	"Tetracyclines"	"tc,te,tet,tetcyc,tetr,tetra"	"abramycin,abricycline,agromicina,ambramicina,ambramycin,biocycline,brodspec,cefracycline,centet,ciclibion,copharlan,criseociclina,democracin,deschlorobiomycin,economycin,hostacyclin,lexacycline,limecycline,liquamycin,mericycline,micycline,neocycline,omegamycin,orlycycline,panmycin,purocyclina,roviciclina,solvocin,tetrabon,tetraciclina,tetracyclinehydrate,tetracyclinum,tetracyn,tetradecin,tetrafil,tetraverine,tetrazyklin,tsiklomistsin,tsiklomitsin,veracin,vetacyclinum"	1	"g"	1	"g"	"101504-9,18993-6,25272-6,4045-1,495-2,496-0,497-8,498-6,7052-4,87590-6"
 "TCY-S"		"Tetracycline screening test"	"Tetracyclines"	"NA"			"tcy screen"	"NA"					"NA"
-"TOL"	54691494	"Tetracycline/oleandomycin"	"Other antibacterials"	"J01RA08,QJ01RA08"	"Combinations of antibacterials"	"Combinations of antibacterials"	"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
-"TET"	65450	"Tetroxoprim"	"Other antibacterials"	"NA"			"NA"	"primsol,tetroxoprima,tetroxoprime,tetroxoprimum,trimpex,trimplex"					"NA"
+"TOL"	54691494	"Tetracycline/oleandomycin"	"Tetracyclines"	"J01RA08,QJ01RA08"	"Combinations of antibacterials"	"Combinations of antibacterials"	"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
+"TET"	65450	"Tetroxoprim"	"Other"	"NA"			"NA"	"primsol,tetroxoprima,tetroxoprime,tetroxoprimum,trimpex,trimplex"					"NA"
 "THA"	9568512	"Thiacetazone"	"Oxazolidinones"	"NA"			"NA"	"acetanilide,aktivan,ambathizon,amitiozon,antib,benthiozone,benzothiozane,benzothiozon,berkazon,citazone,conteben,diasan,domakol,ilbion,livazone,mivizon,myvizone,neotibil,neustab,novakol,panrone,parazone,seroden,siocarbazone,tebalon,tebecure,tebemar,tebethion,tebethione,tebezon,thiacetone,thiacetozone,thibon,thibone,thioacetazon,thioacetazonum,thioazetazone,thiocarbazil,thiomicid,thionicid,thioparamizon,thioparamizone,thiosemicarbarzone,thiosemicarbazone,thiotebesin,thiotebezin,thiotebicina,thizone,tiacetazon,tibicur,tibion,tibione,tibizan,tibon,tibone,tioacetazon,tioacetazona,tioatsetazon,tiobicina,tiocarone,tiosecolo,tubercazon,tubigal,tubin"					"32384-0,54184-7,54204-3"
 "THI"	27200	"Thiamphenicol"	"Phenicols"	"J01BA02,QJ01BA02,QJ51BA02"	"Amphenicols"	"Amphenicols"	"thiaph"	"armai,dextrosulfenidol,dextrosulphenidol,igralin,racefenicol,racefenicolo,racefenicolum,raceophenidol,thiamphenicolum,thiocymetin,thiophenicol,tiamfenicol,tiamfenicolo,urfamycine"	1.5	"g"	1.5	"g"	"41723-8,41724-6,41725-3,54169-8"
-"TAT"	9568512	"Thioacetazone"	"Antimycobacterials"	"J04AK07,QJ04AK07"	"Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis"	"Other drugs for treatment of tuberculosis"	"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
+"TAT"		"Thioacetazone"	"Antimycobacterials"	"J04AK07,QJ04AK07"	"Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis"	"Other drugs for treatment of tuberculosis"	"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
 "THI1"		"Thioacetazone/isoniazid"	"Antimycobacterials"	"J04AM04,QJ04AM04"	"Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis"	"Combinations of drugs for treatment of tuberculosis"	"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
-"TIA"	656958	"Tiamulin"	"Other antibacterials"	"QJ01XQ01"			"tiamul"	"denagard,thiamutilin,tiamulina,tiamuline,tiamulinum"					"35846-5,35847-3,35848-1,87589-8"
-"TIC"	36921	"Ticarcillin"	"Beta-lactams/penicillins"	"J01CA13,QJ01CA13"	"Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins"	"Penicillins with extended spectrum"	"tc,ti,tic,tica,ticarc"	"ticar,ticarcilina,ticarcilline,ticarcillinum,timentin"			15	"g"	"18994-4,18995-1,25254-4,4054-3,4055-0,499-4,500-9,501-7,502-5,503-3,504-1,505-8,506-6,55716-5,55717-3,55718-1,55719-9,7053-2,7054-0"
-"TCC"	6437075	"Ticarcillin/clavulanic acid"	"Beta-lactams/penicillins"	"J01CR03,QJ01CR03"	"Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins"	"Combinations of penicillins, incl. beta-lactamase inhibitors"	"t/c,tcc,ticcla,ticl,tim,tlc"	"augpenin"			15	"g"	"NA"
+"THS"	16129666	"Thiostrepton"	"Peptides"	"NA"			"NA"	"alaninamide,bryamycin,gargon,pharmakon,prestwick,sporangiomycin,thiactin,tiostrepton"					"NA"
+"TIA"	656958	"Tiamulin"	"Pleuromutilins"	"QJ01XQ01"			"tiamul"	"denagard,thiamutilin,tiamulina,tiamuline,tiamulinum"					"35846-5,35847-3,35848-1,87589-8"
+"TIC"	36921	"Ticarcillin"	"Penicillins,Beta-lactams"	"J01CA13,QJ01CA13"	"Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins"	"Penicillins with extended spectrum"	"tc,ti,tic,tica,ticarc"	"ticar,ticarcilina,ticarcilline,ticarcillinum,timentin"			15	"g"	"18994-4,18995-1,25254-4,4054-3,4055-0,499-4,500-9,501-7,502-5,503-3,504-1,505-8,506-6,55716-5,55717-3,55718-1,55719-9,7053-2,7054-0"
+"TCC"	6437075	"Ticarcillin/clavulanic acid"	"Penicillins,Beta-lactams,Beta-lactamase inhibitors"	"J01CR03,QJ01CR03"	"Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins"	"Combinations of penicillins, incl. beta-lactamase inhibitors"	"t/c,tcc,ticcla,ticl,tim,tlc"	"augpenin"			15	"g"	"NA"
 "TGC"	54686904	"Tigecycline"	"Tetracyclines"	"J01AA12,QJ01AA12"	"Tetracyclines"	"Tetracyclines"	"tgc,tig,tige,tigecy"	"tigeciclina,tigecyclin,tigecyclinehydrate,tigilcycline,tygacil"			0.1	"g"	"101499-2,42354-1,42355-8,42356-6,42357-4,55158-0"
-"TMN"		"Tigemonam"	"Monobactams"	"NA"			"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
-"TBQ"	65592	"Tilbroquinol"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"P01AA05"			"NA"	"tilbroquinolum"					"NA"
-"TIP"	24860548	"Tildipirosin"	"Macrolides/lincosamides"	"QJ01FA96"			"NA"	"zuprevo"					"100060-3,88375-1,88377-7"
-"TIL"	5282521	"Tilmicosin"	"Macrolides/lincosamides"	"QJ01FA91"			"tilmic"	"micotil,pulmotil,tilmicosina,tilmicosine,tilmicosinum,tilmovet"					"35849-9,35850-7,35851-5,87588-0"
-"TIN"	5479	"Tinidazole"	"Other antibacterials"	"G01AF21,J01XD02,P01AB02,QG01AF21,QJ01XD02,QP51AA02"	"Other antibacterials"	"Imidazole derivatives"	"tini"	"amtiba,bioshik,fasigin,fasigyn,glongyn,haisigyn,isotinidazole,pletil,protozol,simplotan,sorquetan,symplotan,tindamax,tindazole,tinidazolum,tricolam,trimonase"	2	"g"	1.5	"g"	"54928-7,55720-7,55721-5,55722-3"
+"TMN"		"Tigemonam"	"Monobactams,Beta-lactams"	"NA"			"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
+"TBQ"	65592	"Tilbroquinol"	"Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones"	"P01AA05"			"NA"	"tilbroquinolum"					"NA"
+"TIP"	24860548	"Tildipirosin"	"Macrolides"	"QJ01FA96"			"NA"	"zuprevo"					"100060-3,88375-1,88377-7"
+"TIL"	5282521	"Tilmicosin"	"Macrolides"	"QJ01FA91"			"tilmic"	"micotil,pulmotil,tilmicosina,tilmicosine,tilmicosinum,tilmovet"					"35849-9,35850-7,35851-5,87588-0"
+"TIN"	5479	"Tinidazole"	"Other"	"G01AF21,J01XD02,P01AB02,QG01AF21,QJ01XD02,QP51AA02"	"Other antibacterials"	"Imidazole derivatives"	"tini"	"amtiba,bioshik,fasigin,fasigyn,glongyn,haisigyn,isotinidazole,pletil,protozol,simplotan,sorquetan,symplotan,tindamax,tindazole,tinidazolum,tricolam,trimonase"	2	"g"	1.5	"g"	"54928-7,55720-7,55721-5,55722-3"
 "TCR"	3001386	"Tiocarlide"	"Antimycobacterials"	"J04AD02,QJ04AD02"	"Drugs for treatment of tuberculosis"	"Thiocarbamide derivatives"	"NA"	"aethoksid,aethoxydum,amixyl,datanil,disocarban,disoxyl,ethoxide,etocarlid,etocarlida,etocarlide,etocarlidum,etoksid,thiocarlide,tiocarlid,tiocarlida,tiocarlidum"	7	"g"			"NA"
-"TDC"	10247721	"Tiodonium chloride"	"Other antibacterials"	"NA"			"NA"	"tiodonium"					"NA"
-"TXC"	65788	"Tioxacin"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"NA"			"NA"	"tioxacine,tioxacino,tioxacinum"					"NA"
-"TIZ"	394397	"Tizoxanide"	"Other antibacterials"	"NA"			"NA"	"NA"					"73585-2,73607-4,73629-8"
+"TDC"	10247721	"Tiodonium chloride"	"Other"	"NA"			"NA"	"tiodonium"					"NA"
+"TXC"	65788	"Tioxacin"	"Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones"	"NA"			"NA"	"tioxacine,tioxacino,tioxacinum"					"NA"
+"TIZ"	394397	"Tizoxanide"	"Other"	"NA"			"NA"	"NA"					"73585-2,73607-4,73629-8"
 "TOB"	36294	"Tobramycin"	"Aminoglycosides"	"J01GB01,QJ01GB01,QS01AA12,S01AA12"	"Aminoglycoside antibacterials"	"Other aminoglycosides"	"nn,tm,to,tob,tobr,tobram"	"aktob,bethkis,distobram,gotabiotic,kitabis,nebcin,nebicin,nebramycin,tenebrimycin,tenemycin,tobacin,tobracin,tobradex,tobradistin,tobralex,tobramaxin,tobramicin,tobramicina,tobramitsetin,tobramycetin,tobramycine,tobramycinum,tobrased,tobrex"			0.24	"g"	"101496-8,13584-8,17808-7,18996-9,22750-4,22751-2,22752-0,25227-0,25800-4,31094-6,31095-3,31096-1,35239-3,35670-9,4057-6,4058-4,4059-2,507-4,508-2,509-0,50927-3,510-8,52962-8,59380-6,7055-7,80966-5"
 "TOH"		"Tobramycin-high"	"Aminoglycosides"	"NA"			"tobra high,tobramycin high,tohl"	"NA"					"NA"
-"TFX"	5517	"Tosufloxacin"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"J01MA22,QJ01MA22,QS01AE09,S01AE09"			"tosufl"	"NA"	0.45	"g"			"100061-1,76146-0"
+"TFX"	5517	"Tosufloxacin"	"Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones"	"J01MA22,QJ01MA22,QS01AE09,S01AE09"			"tosufl"	"NA"	0.45	"g"			"100061-1,76146-0"
 "TMP"	5578	"Trimethoprim"	"Trimethoprims"	"J01EA01,QJ01EA01,QJ51EA01"	"Sulfonamides and trimethoprim"	"Trimethoprim and derivatives"	"t,tmp,tr,tri,trim,w"	"abaprim,anitrim,antrima,antrimox,bacdan,bacidal,bacide,bacin,bacterial,bacticel,bactifor,bactoprim,bactramin,bencole,bethaprim,biosulten,briscotrim,chemotrin,colizole,conprim,cotrimel,deprim,dosulfin,duocide,esbesul,espectrin,euctrim,exbesul,fermagex,fortrim,futin,ikaprim,infectotrimet,instalac,kombinax,lagatrim,lastrim,lescot,monoprim,monotrim,monotrimin,novotrimel,omstat,pancidim,proloprim,protrin,purbal,resprim,roubac,roubal,salvatrim,setprin,sinotrim,stopan,streptoplus,sugaprim,sulfamar,sulfoxaprim,sulthrim,sultrex,syraprim,tiempe,trimethioprim,trimethoprime,trimethoprimum,trimethopriom,trimetoprim,trimetoprima,trimexol,trimezol,trimogal,trimono,trimopan,triprim,trisul,trisulcom,trisulfam,trisural,uretrim,urobactrim,utetrin,velaten,wellcoprim,wellcoprin,xeroprim,zamboprim"	0.4	"g"	0.4	"g"	"101495-0,11005-6,17747-7,18997-7,18998-5,20387-7,23614-1,23631-5,25273-4,32342-8,4079-0,4080-8,4081-6,511-6,512-4,513-2,514-0,515-7,516-5,517-3,518-1,55584-7,7056-5,7057-3,80552-3,80973-1"
-"SXT"	358641	"Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole"	"Trimethoprims"	"J01EE01"	"Sulfonamides and trimethoprim"	"Combinations of sulfonamides and trimethoprim, incl. derivatives"	"cot,cotrim,sxt,t/s,tms,trisul,trsu,trsx,ts"	"abacin,abactrim,agoprim,alfatrim,aposulfatrim,bacteral,bactilen,bactiver,bacton,bactoreduct,bactrim,bactrizol,bactromin,bactropin,baktar,benzenesulfonamide,berlocid,bibacrim,biseptol,centran,centrin,chemitrim,chemotrim,ciplin,comox,cotribene,cotrim,cotrimhexal,cotrimoxazol,cotrimoxazole,cotrimstada,cotriver,dibaprim,drylin,duratrimet,eltrianyl,escoprim,eslectin,esteprim,eusaprim,fectrim,gamazole,gantanol,gantaprim,gantaprin,gantrim,groprim,helveprim,imexim,insozalin,jenamoxazol,kemoprim,kepinol,laratrim,linaris,maxtrim,metoxal,microtrim,mikrosid,momentol,nopil,oecotrim,omsat,oriprim,oxaprim,pantoprim,potrox,primazole,radonil,septra,septrim,servitrim,sigaprim,sigaprin,sulfatrim,sulfotrim,sulfotrimin,sulmeprim,sulprim,sumetrolim,supracombin,suprim,tacumil,teleprim,teleprin,thiocuran,tribakin,trifen,trigonyl,trimedin,trimesulf,trimethoprimsulfa,trimetoger,trimexazol,trimezole,trimforte,trimosulfa,uroplus"					"101495-0,18998-5,20387-7,23631-5,25273-4,32342-8,4081-6,515-7,516-5,517-3,518-1,7057-3"
-"TRL"	202225	"Troleandomycin"	"Macrolides/lincosamides"	"J01FA08,QJ01FA08"	"Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins"	"Macrolides"	"NA"	"aovine,cyclamycin,evramicina,matromicina,oleandocetin,oleandocetine,tekmisin,treolmicina,tribiocillina,triocetin,triolan,troleandomicina,troleandomycine,troleandomycinum,viamicina,wytrion"	1	"g"			"18999-3,519-9,520-7,521-5,522-3"
-"TRO"	55886	"Trospectomycin"	"Other antibacterials"	"NA"			"trospe"	"trospectinomycin,trospectomicina,trospectomycine,trospectomycinum"					"NA"
-"TVA"	62959	"Trovafloxacin"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"J01MA13,QJ01MA13"	"Quinolone antibacterials"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"trov,trovaf"	"trovan,turvel"	0.2	"g"	0.2	"g"	"23642-2,23643-0,35855-6,7058-1"
-"TUL"	9832301	"Tulathromycin"	"Macrolides/lincosamides"	"QJ01FA94"			"tulath"	"arovyn,draxxin,increxxa,macrosyn,tulieve,tulissin"					"76149-4,87798-5"
-"TYL"	5280440	"Tylosin"	"Macrolides/lincosamides"	"QJ01FA90,QJ51FA90"			"tylo"	"fradizine,tilosina,tylan,tylocine,tylosine,tylosinum,vubityl"					"35856-4,35857-2,35858-0,87587-2"
-"TYL1"	6441094	"Tylvalosin"	"Macrolides/lincosamides"	"QJ01FA92"			"tvn"	"aivlosin"					"101526-2,87586-4"
-"PRU1"	124225	"Ulifloxacin (Prulifloxacin)"	"Other antibacterials"	"NA"			"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
-"VAN"	14969	"Vancomycin"	"Glycopeptides"	"A07AA09,J01XA01,QA07AA09,QJ01XA01,QS01AA28,S01AA28"	"Other antibacterials"	"Glycopeptide antibacterials"	"va,van,vanc,vancom"	"vancocin,vancoled,vancomicina,vancomycine,vancomycinum"	2	"g"	2	"g"	"13586-3,13587-1,19000-9,20578-1,23615-8,25228-8,31012-8,39092-2,39796-8,39797-6,4089-9,4090-7,4091-5,4092-3,50938-0,523-1,524-9,525-6,526-4,59381-4,7059-9,92241-9,97657-1"
-"VAM"		"Vancomycin-macromethod"	"Glycopeptides"	"NA"			"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
+"SXT"	358641	"Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole"	"Trimethoprims,Sulfonamides"	"J01EE01"	"Sulfonamides and trimethoprim"	"Combinations of sulfonamides and trimethoprim, incl. derivatives"	"cot,cotrim,sxt,t/s,tms,trisul,trsu,trsx,ts"	"abacin,abactrim,agoprim,alfatrim,aposulfatrim,bacteral,bactilen,bactiver,bacton,bactoreduct,bactrim,bactrizol,bactromin,bactropin,baktar,benzenesulfonamide,berlocid,bibacrim,biseptol,centran,centrin,chemitrim,chemotrim,ciplin,comox,cotribene,cotrim,cotrimhexal,cotrimoxazol,cotrimoxazole,cotrimstada,cotriver,dibaprim,drylin,duratrimet,eltrianyl,escoprim,eslectin,esteprim,eusaprim,fectrim,gamazole,gantanol,gantaprim,gantaprin,gantrim,groprim,helveprim,imexim,insozalin,jenamoxazol,kemoprim,kepinol,laratrim,linaris,maxtrim,metoxal,microtrim,mikrosid,momentol,nopil,oecotrim,omsat,oriprim,oxaprim,pantoprim,potrox,primazole,radonil,septra,septrim,servitrim,sigaprim,sigaprin,sulfatrim,sulfotrim,sulfotrimin,sulmeprim,sulprim,sumetrolim,supracombin,suprim,tacumil,teleprim,teleprin,thiocuran,tribakin,trifen,trigonyl,trimedin,trimesulf,trimethoprimsulfa,trimetoger,trimexazol,trimezole,trimforte,trimosulfa,uroplus"					"101495-0,18998-5,20387-7,23631-5,25273-4,32342-8,4081-6,515-7,516-5,517-3,518-1,7057-3"
+"TRL"	202225	"Troleandomycin"	"Macrolides"	"J01FA08,QJ01FA08"	"Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins"	"Macrolides"	"NA"	"aovine,cyclamycin,evramicina,matromicina,oleandocetin,oleandocetine,tekmisin,treolmicina,tribiocillina,triocetin,triolan,troleandomicina,troleandomycine,troleandomycinum,viamicina,wytrion"	1	"g"			"18999-3,519-9,520-7,521-5,522-3"
+"TRO"	55886	"Trospectomycin"	"Other"	"NA"			"trospe"	"trospectinomycin,trospectomicina,trospectomycine,trospectomycinum"					"NA"
+"TVA"	62959	"Trovafloxacin"	"Fluoroquinolones,Quinolones"	"J01MA13,QJ01MA13"	"Quinolone antibacterials"	"Fluoroquinolones"	"trov,trovaf"	"trovan,turvel"	0.2	"g"	0.2	"g"	"23642-2,23643-0,35855-6,7058-1"
+"TUL"	9832301	"Tulathromycin"	"Macrolides"	"QJ01FA94"			"tulath"	"arovyn,draxxin,increxxa,macrosyn,tulieve,tulissin"					"76149-4,87798-5"
+"TYL"	5280440	"Tylosin"	"Macrolides"	"QJ01FA90,QJ51FA90"			"tylo"	"fradizine,tilosina,tylan,tylocine,tylosine,tylosinum,vubityl"					"35856-4,35857-2,35858-0,87587-2"
+"TYL1"	6441094	"Tylvalosin"	"Macrolides"	"QJ01FA92"			"tvn"	"aivlosin"					"101526-2,87586-4"
+"PRU1"	124225	"Ulifloxacin (Prulifloxacin)"	"Other"	"NA"			"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
+"VAN"	14969	"Vancomycin"	"Glycopeptides,Peptides"	"A07AA09,J01XA01,QA07AA09,QJ01XA01,QS01AA28,S01AA28"	"Other antibacterials"	"Glycopeptide antibacterials"	"va,van,vanc,vancom"	"vancocin,vancoled,vancomicina,vancomycine,vancomycinum"	2	"g"	2	"g"	"13586-3,13587-1,19000-9,20578-1,23615-8,25228-8,31012-8,39092-2,39796-8,39797-6,4089-9,4090-7,4091-5,4092-3,50938-0,523-1,524-9,525-6,526-4,59381-4,7059-9,92241-9,97657-1"
+"VAM"		"Vancomycin-macromethod"	"Glycopeptides,Peptides"	"NA"			"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
 "VIO"	135398671	"Viomycin"	"Antimycobacterials"	"NA"			"NA"	"florimycin,floromycin,vioactane,viocin,viomicin,viomicina,viomycine,viomycinum"					"19001-7,23616-6,527-2,528-0,529-8,530-6"
-"VIR"	11979535	"Virginiamycine"	"Other antibacterials"	"NA"			"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
-"VOR"	71616	"Voriconazole"	"Antifungals/antimycotics"	"J02AC03,QJ02AC03"	"Antimycotics for systemic use"	"Triazole derivatives"	"vori,vorico,vrc"	"vfend,voriconazol,voriconazolum,voriconzole,vorikonazole"	0.4	"g"	0.4	"g"	"32379-0,35862-2,35863-0,38370-3,41199-1,41200-7,53902-3,73676-9,80553-1,80651-3"
-"XBR"	72144	"Xibornol"	"Other antibacterials"	"J01XX02,QJ01XX02"	"Other antibacterials"	"Other antibacterials"	"NA"	"bactacine,bracen,nanbacine,xibornolo,xibornolum"					"NA"
-"ZID"	77846445	"Zidebactam"	"Other antibacterials"	"NA"			"NA"	"zidebactamsalt"					"NA"
-"ZFD"		"Zoliflodacin"		"NA"			"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
+"VIR"		"Virginiamycine"	"Streptogramins"	"NA"			"NA"	"NA"					"NA"
+"VOR"	71616	"Voriconazole"	"Antifungals"	"J02AC03,QJ02AC03"	"Antimycotics for systemic use"	"Triazole derivatives"	"vori,vorico,vrc"	"vfend,voriconazol,voriconazolum,voriconzole,vorikonazole"	0.4	"g"	0.4	"g"	"32379-0,35862-2,35863-0,38370-3,41199-1,41200-7,53902-3,73676-9,80553-1,80651-3"
+"XER"	140830474	"Xeruborbactam"	"Beta-lactamase inhibitors"	"NA"			"NA"	"benzo,borate"					"NA"
+"XBR"	72144	"Xibornol"	"Other"	"J01XX02,QJ01XX02"	"Other antibacterials"	"Other antibacterials"	"NA"	"bactacine,bracen,nanbacine,xibornolo,xibornolum"					"NA"
+"ZID"	77846445	"Zidebactam"	"Beta-lactamase inhibitors"	"NA"			"NA"	"zidebactamsalt"					"NA"
+"ZFD"	76685216	"Zoliflodacin"	"Spiropyrimidinetriones"	"NA"			"zol"	"nuzolvence,spiro,zoliflodacina,zoliflodacine"					"NA"
+"ZOR"	70697970	"Zorbamycin"	"Glycopeptides,Peptides"	"NA"			"NA"	"bleomycetin,boanmycin,nbleomycinamide,pingyangmycin"					"NA"
@@ -1 +1 @@
-5908f9e6e7687dfb8301d27fb26d1790
+6dc4dded108052760bfb626df03435e2
@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ for (i in 2:length(sheets_to_analyse)) {
        guideline_name = guideline_name
      )
    ),
-    error = function(e) message(e$message)
+    error = function(e) message(conditionMessage(e))
  )
 }

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 pattern	regular_expr	case_sensitive	affect_ab_name	affect_mo_name	en	ar	bn	zh	cs	da	nl	fi	fr	de	el	hi	id	it	ja	ko	no	pl	pt	ro	ru	es	sw	sv	tr	uk	ur	vi
 language name English	FALSE	FALSE	FALSE	FALSE	English	Arabic	Bengali	Chinese	Czech	Danish	Dutch	Finnish	French	German	Greek	Hindi	Indonesian	Italian	Japanese	Korean	Norwegian	Polish	Portuguese	Romanian	Russian	Spanish	Swahili	Swedish	Turkish	Ukrainian	Urdu	Vietnamese
 language name	FALSE	FALSE	FALSE	FALSE	English	العربية	ইংরেজি	汉语	Čeština	Dansk	Nederlands	Suomi	Français	Deutsch	Ελληνικά	हिन्दी	Inggris	Italiano	日本語	영어	Norsk	Polski	Português	Română	Русский	Español	Kiswahili	Svenska	Türkçe	Українська	انگریزی	Tiếng Anh
-Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus	TRUE	TRUE	FALSE	TRUE	Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus	المكورات العنقودية سالبة التخثر	কোয়াগুলেজ-নেগেটিভ স্ট্যাফিলোকক্কাস	凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌	Koaguláza-negativní stafylokok	Koagulase-negative stafylokokker	Coagulase-negatieve Staphylococcus	Koagulaasinegatiivinen stafylokokki	Staphylococcus à coagulase négative	Koagulase-negative Staphylococcus	Σταφυλόκοκκος με αρνητική πηκτικότητα	कोएगुलेज़-ऩेगेटिव स्टैफिलोकोकस	Stafilokokus koagulase-negatif	Staphylococcus negativo coagulasi	コアグラーゼ陰性ブドウ球菌	코아귤라제 음성 포도상구균	Koagulase-negative stafylokokker	Staphylococcus koagulazoujemny	Staphylococcus coagulase negativo	Stafilococ coagulazo-negativ	Коагулазоотрицательный стафилококк	Staphylococcus coagulasa negativo	Staphylococcus wasiokuwa na coagulase	Koagulasnegativa stafylokocker	Koagülaz-negatif Stafilokok	Коагулазонегативний стафілокок	کواگولیز منفی اسٹیفیلوکوکس	Staphylococcus âm tính với coagulase
-Coagulase-positive Staphylococcus	TRUE	TRUE	FALSE	TRUE	Coagulase-positive Staphylococcus	المكورات العنقودية موجبة التخثر	কোয়াগুলেজ-পজিটিভ স্ট্যাফিলোকক্কাস	凝固酶阳性葡萄球菌	Koagulázopozitivní stafylokok	Koagulase-positive stafylokokker	Coagulase-positieve Staphylococcus	Koagulaasipositiivinen stafylokokki	Staphylococcus à coagulase positif	Koagulase-positive Staphylococcus	Σταφυλόκοκκος θετικός στην πήξη	कोएगुलेज़-पॉज़िटिव स्टैफिलोकोकस	Stafilokokus koagulase-positif	Staphylococcus positivo coagulasi	コアグラーゼ陽性ブドウ球菌	코아귤라제 양성 포도상구균	Koagulase-positive stafylokokker	Staphylococcus koagulazo-dodatni	Staphylococcus coagulase positivo	Stafilococul coagulazo-pozitiv	Коагулазоположительный стафилококк	Staphylococcus coagulasa positivo	Staphylococcus wenye coagulase	Koagulaspositiva stafylokocker	Koagülaz-pozitif Stafilokok	Коагулазопозитивний стафілокок	کواگولیز مثبت اسٹیفیلوکوکس	Staphylococcus dương tính với coagulase
+Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus	TRUE	TRUE	FALSE	TRUE	Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus	المكورات العنقودية سالبة التخثر	কোয়াগুলেজ-নেগেটিভ স্ট্যাফিলোকক্কাস	凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌	Koaguláza-negativní stafylokok	Koagulase-negative stafylokokker	Coagulase-negatieve Staphylococcus	Koagulaasinegatiivinen stafylokokki	Staphylococcus à coagulase négative	Koagulase-negative Staphylococcus	Σταφυλόκοκκος με αρνητική πηκτικότητα	कोएगुलेज़-ऩेगेटिव स्टैफिलोकोकस	Stafilokokus koagulase-negatif	Stafilococco coagulasi-negativo	コアグラーゼ陰性ブドウ球菌	코아귤라제 음성 포도상구균	Koagulase-negative stafylokokker	Staphylococcus koagulazoujemny	Staphylococcus coagulase negativo	Stafilococ coagulazo-negativ	Коагулазоотрицательный стафилококк	Staphylococcus coagulasa negativo	Staphylococcus wasiokuwa na coagulase	Koagulasnegativa stafylokocker	Koagülaz-negatif Stafilokok	Коагулазонегативний стафілокок	کواگولیز منفی اسٹیفیلوکوکس	Staphylococcus âm tính với coagulase
+Coagulase-positive Staphylococcus	TRUE	TRUE	FALSE	TRUE	Coagulase-positive Staphylococcus	المكورات العنقودية موجبة التخثر	কোয়াগুলেজ-পজিটিভ স্ট্যাফিলোকক্কাস	凝固酶阳性葡萄球菌	Koagulázopozitivní stafylokok	Koagulase-positive stafylokokker	Coagulase-positieve Staphylococcus	Koagulaasipositiivinen stafylokokki	Staphylococcus à coagulase positif	Koagulase-positive Staphylococcus	Σταφυλόκοκκος θετικός στην πήξη	कोएगुलेज़-पॉज़िटिव स्टैफिलोकोकस	Stafilokokus koagulase-positif	Stafilococco coagulasi-positivo	コアグラーゼ陽性ブドウ球菌	코아귤라제 양성 포도상구균	Koagulase-positive stafylokokker	Staphylococcus koagulazo-dodatni	Staphylococcus coagulase positivo	Stafilococul coagulazo-pozitiv	Коагулазоположительный стафилококк	Staphylococcus coagulasa positivo	Staphylococcus wenye coagulase	Koagulaspositiva stafylokocker	Koagülaz-pozitif Stafilokok	Коагулазопозитивний стафілокок	کواگولیز مثبت اسٹیفیلوکوکس	Staphylococcus dương tính với coagulase
 Beta-haemolytic Streptococcus	TRUE	TRUE	FALSE	TRUE	Beta-haemolytic Streptococcus	العقديات الحالة للدم من النوع بيتا	বিটা-হেমোলাইটিক স্ট্রেপটোকক্কাস	β-溶血性链球菌	Beta-hemolytický streptokok	Beta-haemolytiske streptokokker	Beta-hemolytische Streptococcus	Beeta-hemolyyttinen streptokokki	Streptococcus Bêta-hémolytique	Beta-hämolytischer Streptococcus	Β-αιμολυτικός στρεπτόκοκκος	बीटा-हीमोलिटिक स्ट्रेप्टोकोकस	Streptokokus beta-hemolitik	Streptococcus Beta-emolitico	ベータ溶血性レンサ球菌	베타 용혈성 연쇄상구균	Beta-hemolytiske streptokokker	Streptococcus beta-hemolityczny	Streptococcus Beta-hemolítico	Streptococ beta-hemolitic	Бета-гемолитический стрептококк	Streptococcus Beta-hemolítico	Streptococcus wa beta-hemolitiki	Beta-hemolytiska streptokocker	Beta-hemolitik Streptokok	Бета-гемолітичний стрептокок	بیٹا ہیمولائٹک اسٹریپٹوکوکس	Streptococcus tan máu beta
 unknown Gram-negatives	TRUE	TRUE	FALSE	TRUE	unknown Gram-negatives	سالبة الجرام غير معروفة	অজানা গ্রাম-নেগেটিভ	不明革兰氏阴性菌	neznámé gramnegativní	ukendte Gram-negative	onbekende Gram-negatieven	tuntemattomat gramnegatiiviset	Gram négatifs inconnus	unbekannte Gramnegativen	άγνωστοι αρνητικοί κατά Gram	अज्ञात ग्राम-ऩेगेटिव्स	Gram negatif tidak diketahui	Gram negativi sconosciuti	不明なグラム陰性菌	알 수 없는 그람 음성균	ukjent Gram-negative	Nieznane bakterie Gram-ujemne	Gram negativos desconhecidos	Gram-negative necunoscute	неизвестные грамотрицательные	Gram negativos desconocidos	Gram hasi wasiojulikana	okända gramnegativa bakterier	bilinmeyen Gram-negatifler	невідомі грамнегативні	نامعلوم گرام منفی	Gram âm chưa xác định
 unknown Gram-positives	TRUE	TRUE	FALSE	TRUE	unknown Gram-positives	موجبة الجرام غير معروفة	অজানা গ্রাম-পজিটিভ	不明革兰氏阳性菌	neznámé grampozitivní	ukendte Gram-positive	onbekende Gram-positieven	tuntemattomat grampositiiviset	Gram positifs inconnus	unbekannte Grampositiven	άγνωστοι θετικοί κατά Gram	अज्ञात ग्राम-पॉज़िटिव्स	Gram positif tidak diketahui	Gram positivi sconosciuti	未知のグラム陽性菌	알 수 없는 그람 양성균	ukjent Gram-positive	Nieznane bakterie Gram-dodatnie	Gram positivos desconhecidos	Gram-pozitive necunoscute	неизвестные грамположительные	Gram positivos desconocidos	Gram chanya wasiojulikana	okända Gram-positiva	bilinmeyen Gram-pozitifler	невідомі грампозитивні	نامعلوم گرام مثبت	Gram dương chưa xác định
@@ -280,7 +280,8 @@ Antifungals	FALSE	TRUE	TRUE	FALSE	Antifungals	مضادات الفطريات	অ
 Antifungals/antimycotics	FALSE	TRUE	TRUE	FALSE	Antifungals/antimycotics	مضادات الفطريات/الفطريات المُمرِضة	অ্যান্টিফাঙ্গালস/অ্যান্টিমাইকোটিকস	抗真菌药/抗真菌药	Antimykotika/antimykotika	Antimykotika/antimykotika	Antifungica/antimycotica	Sienilääkkeet/antimykootit	Antifongiques/antimycotiques	Antimykotika/Antimykotika	Αντιμυκητιασικά/αντιμυκητιασικά	प्रतिफफूंद/प्रतिमाइकोटिक्स  	Antijamur/antimikotik	Antifungini/antimicotici	抗真菌剤／抗真菌剤	항진균제/항진균성약물	Soppdrepende midler/antimykotika	Środki przeciwgrzybicze/przeciwmikotyczne	Antifúngicos/antimicóticos	Antifungice/antimicrotice	Противогрибковые препараты/антимикотики	Antifúngicos/antimicóticos	Dawa za kuua kuvu/antimaikoti	Antimykotika/antimykotika	Antifungaller/antimikotikler	Протигрибкові засоби/антимікотики	فنگس/اینٹی مائیکوٹک	Thuốc chống nấm/kháng nấm
 Antimycobacterials	FALSE	TRUE	TRUE	FALSE	Antimycobacterials	مضادات الفطريات الحمضية المقاومة	অ্যান্টিমাইকোব্যাকটেরিয়ালস	抗霉菌素类	Antimykobakteriální látky	Antimycobakterier	Antimycobacteriele middelen	Antimykobakteerit	Antimycobactériens	Antimykobakterielle Mittel	Αντιμυκοβακτηριακά	प्रतिमाइकोबैक्टीरियल्स  	Antimikobakteri	Antimicobatterici	抗マイコバクテリア薬	항항산균제	Antimykobakterielle midler	Środki przeciwgrzybicze	Antimycobacterials	Antimicobacteriene	Антимикобактериальные препараты	Antimicrobianos	Dawa dhidi ya mykobakteria	Antimykobakterier	Antimikobakteriyeller	Засоби, що діють на мікобактерії	اینٹی مائیکوبیکٹیریل	Thuốc chống trực khuẩn kháng axit
 Beta-lactams/penicillins	FALSE	TRUE	TRUE	FALSE	Beta-lactams/penicillins	البيتا-لاكتامات/البنسلينات	বেটা-ল্যাকটামস/পেনিসিলিনস	β-内酰胺类/青霉素类	Beta-laktamy/peniciliny	Beta-lactamer/penicilliner	Beta-lactams/penicillines	Beetalaktaamit/penisilliinit	Bêta-lactamines/pénicillines	Beta-Lactame/Penicilline	Β-λακτάμες/πενικιλλίνες	बीटा-लैक्टाम्स/पेनिसिलिन्स  	Beta-laktam/penisilin	Beta-lattami/penicilline	β-ラクタム系／ペニシリン系抗菌薬	베타-락탐/페니실린	Betalaktamer/penicilliner	Beta-laktamy/penicyliny	Beta-lactâmicas/penicilinas	Beta-lactame/peniciline	Бета-лактамы/пенициллины	Beta-lactámicos/penicilinas	Betalaktamu/penisilini	Beta-laktamer/penicilliner	Beta-laktamlar/penisilinler	Бета-лактами/пеніциліни	بیٹا لیکٹمز/پینسلنز	Beta-lactam/penicillin
-Betalactams	FALSE	TRUE	TRUE	FALSE	Betalactams	البيتا-لاكتامات	বেটা-ল্যাকটামস	β-内酰胺类	Beta-laktamy	Beta-lactamer	Beta-lactams	Beetalaktaamit	Bêta-lactamines	Beta-Lactame	Β-λακτάμες	बीटा-लैक्टाम्स	Beta-laktam	Beta-lattami	β-ラクタム系抗菌薬	베타-락탐	Betalaktamer	Beta-laktamy	Beta-lactâmicas	Beta-lactame	Бета-лактамы	Beta-lactámicos	Betalaktamu	Betalaktamer	Beta-laktamlar	Бета-лактами	بیٹا لیکٹمز	Beta-lactam
+Beta-lactams	FALSE	TRUE	TRUE	FALSE	Betalactams	البيتا-لاكتامات	বেটা-ল্যাকটামস	β-内酰胺类	Beta-laktamy	Beta-lactamer	Beta-lactams	Beetalaktaamit	Bêta-lactamines	Beta-Lactame	Β-λακτάμες	बीटा-लैक्टाम्स	Beta-laktam	Beta-lattami	β-ラクタム系抗菌薬	베타-락탐	Betalaktamer	Beta-laktamy	Beta-lactâmicas	Beta-lactame	Бета-лактамы	Beta-lactámicos	Betalaktamu	Betalaktamer	Beta-laktamlar	Бета-лактами	بیٹا لیکٹمز	Beta-lactam
+Beta-lactamase inhibitors	FALSE	TRUE	TRUE	FALSE	Beta-lactamase inhibitors	مثبطات بيتا-لاكتاماز	বেটা-ল্যাকটামেজ ইনহিবিটরস	β-内酰胺酶抑制剂	Inhibitory beta-laktamázy	Beta-laktamasehæmmere	Beta-lactamaseremmers	Beetalaktamaasin estäjät	Inhibiteurs de bêta-lactamase	Beta-Laktamase-Inhibitoren	Αναστολείς β-λακταμάσης	बीटा-लैक्टामेज़ अवरोधक	Inhibitor beta-laktamase	Inibitori delle beta-lattamasi	β-ラクタマーゼ阻害薬	베타-락타마제 억제제	Beta-laktamasehemmere	Inhibitory beta-laktamaz	Inibidores da beta-lactamase	Inhibitori de beta-lactamază	Ингибиторы бета-лактамаз	Inhibidores de beta-lactamasa	Vizuizi vya beta-laktamasi	Beta-laktamashämmare	Beta-laktamaz inhibitörleri	Інгібітори бета-лактамаз	بیٹا لیکٹامیز انہیبیٹرز	Chất ức chế beta-lactamase
 Carbapenems	FALSE	TRUE	TRUE	FALSE	Carbapenems	الكاربابينيمات	কার্বাপেনেমস	碳青霉烯类	Karbapenemy	Carbapenemer	Carbapenems	Karbapeneemit	Carbapénèmes	Carbapeneme	Καρβαπενέμες	कार्बापेनेम्स	Karbapenem	Carbapenemi	カルバペネム系抗生物質	카르바페넴	Carbapenemer	Karbapenemy	Carbapenêmicos	Carbapeneme	Карбапенемы	Carbapenémicos	Karbapenemu	Carbapenemer	Karbapenemler	Карбапенеми	کارباپینیمز	Carbapenem
 Cephalosporins	FALSE	TRUE	TRUE	FALSE	Cephalosporins	السيفالوسبورينات	সেফালোসপরিনস	头孢菌素类	Cefalosporiny	Cefalosporiner	Cefalosporines	Kefalosporiinit	Céphalosporines	Cephalosporine	Κεφαλοσπορίνες	सेफालोस्पोरिन्स  	Sefalosporin	Cefalosporine	セファロスポリン	세팔로스포린	Cefalosporiner	Cefalosporyny	Cefalosporinas	Cefalosporine	Цефалоспорины	Cefalosporinas	Sefalosporini	Kefalosporiner	Sefalosporinler	Цефалоспорини	سیفالوسپورنز	Cephalosporin
 Cephalosporins (1st gen.)	FALSE	TRUE	TRUE	FALSE	Cephalosporins (1st gen.)	السيفالوسبورينات (الجيل الأول)	সেফালোসপরিনস (১ম প্রজন্ম)	头孢菌素类（第一代）	Cefalosporiny (1. gen.)	Cefalosporiner (1. gen.)	Cefalosporines (1e gen.)	Kefalosporiinit (1. suk.)	Céphalosporines (1ère génération)	Cephalosporine (1. Gen.)	Κεφαλοσπορίνες (1ου γένους)	सेफालोस्पोरिन्स (प्रथम पीढ़ी)  	Sefalosporin (generasi 1)	Cefalosporine (1° gen.)	セファロスポリン系抗生物質（第1世代）	세팔로스포린 (1세대)	Cefalosporiner (1. generasjon)	Cefalosporyny (1. gen.)	Cefalosporinas (1º género)	Cefalosporine (prima generație)	Цефалоспорины (1-го пок.)	Cefalosporinas (1er gen.)	Sefalosporini (kizazi cha 1)	Kefalosporiner (första gen.)	Sefalosporinler (1. kuşak)	Цефалоспорини (1 пок.)	سیفالوسپورنز (پہلی نسل)	Cephalosporin (thế hệ 1)
@@ -302,6 +303,7 @@ Other antibacterials	FALSE	TRUE	TRUE	FALSE	Other antibacterials	مضادات ب
 Oxazolidinones	FALSE	TRUE	TRUE	FALSE	Oxazolidinones	الأوكسازوليدينونات	অক্সাজোলিডিনোনস	恶唑烷酮类	Oxazolidinone	Oxazolidinones	Oxazolidinonen	Oxazolidinonit	Oxazolidinones	Oxazolidinone	Οξαζολιδινόνες	ऑक्साज़ोलिडिनोन्स  	Oksazolidinon	Oxazolidinonas	オキサゾリジノン	옥사졸리디논	Oxazolidinones	Oksazolidynony	Oxazolidinonas	Oxazolidinone	Оксазолидиноны	Oxazolidinonas	Oxazolidinoni	Oxazolidinones	Oxazolidinonlar	Оксазолідинони	اوکسا زولڈی نونز	Oxazolidinone
 Penicillins	FALSE	TRUE	TRUE	FALSE	Penicillins	البنسلينات	পেনিসিলিনস	青霉素类	Пенициллины	Penicillins	Penicillines	Penisilliinit	Pénicillines	Penicillins	Πενικιλίνες	पेनिसिलिन्स  	Penisilin	Penicilinas	ペニシリン	페니실린	Penicillins	Penicyliny	Penicilinas	Peniciline	Пенициллины	Penicilinas	Penisilini	Penicillins	Penisilinler	Пеніциліни	پینسلن	Penicillin
 Phenicols	FALSE	TRUE	TRUE	FALSE	Phenicols	الفينيكولات	ফেনিকলস	酚类抗生素	Phenikoly	Fenicoler	Fenicols	Fenikolit	Phénicols	Phenicol	Φαινικόλες	फेनिकोल्स	Fenikol	Fenicoli	フェニコール	페니콜	Fenicoler	Fenikole	Fenicóis	Fenicoli	Фениколы	Fenicoles	Fenikoli	Fenicoler	Fenikoller	Фенікони	فینیکولز	Phenicols
+Phosphonics	FALSE	TRUE	TRUE	FALSE	Phosphonics	الفوسفونيّات	ফসফোনিকস	膦酸类	Phosphonáty	Fosfonater	Fosfonaten	Fosfonaatit	Phosphoniques	Phosphonates	Φωσφονικά	फॉस्फ़ोनिक्स	Fosfonik	Fosfonici	ホスホン酸系抗菌薬	포스포닉계	Fosfonater	Fosfoniany	Fosfônicos	Fosfonați	Фосфоники	Fosfónicos	Fosfoniki	Fosfonater	Fosfonikler	Фосфоніки	فاسفونکس	Các hợp chất phosphonic
 Polymyxins	FALSE	TRUE	TRUE	FALSE	Polymyxins	البوليميكسينات	পলিমিক্সিনস	多粘菌素类	Polymyxiny	Polymyxiner	Polymyxines	Polymysiinit	Polymyxines	Polymyxine	Πολυμυξίνες	पॉलीमिक्सिन्स  	Polimiksin	Polimixine	ポリミキシン	폴리믹신	Polymyxiner	Polimyksyny	Polimixinas	Polimixine	Полимиксины	Polimixinas	Polimiksini	Polymyxiner	Polimiksinler	Поліміксини	پولی مائکسینز	Polymyxin
 Quinolones	FALSE	TRUE	TRUE	FALSE	Quinolones	الكوينولونات	কুইনোলোনস	喹诺酮类	Chinolony	Kinoloner	Quinolonen	Kinolonit	Quinolones	Quinolone	Κινολόνες	क्विनोलोन्स  	Kuinalon	Chinoloni	キノロン	퀴놀론	Kinoloner	Quinolony	Quinolones	Quinolone	Хинолоны	Quinolonas	Kinoloni	Kinoloner	Kinolonlar	Хінолони	کوئنولونز	Quinolone
 Rifamycins	FALSE	TRUE	TRUE	FALSE	Rifamycins	الريفاميسينات	রিফামাইসিনস	利福霉素类	Rifamycine	Rifamycins	Rifamycinen	Rifamysiinit	Rifamycines	Rifamycine	Ριφαμυκίνες	रिफामाइसिन्स  	Rifamisin	Rifamicinas	リファマイシン	리팜이신	Rifamycins	Rifamycyny	Rifamycinas	Rifamicine	Рифамицины	Rifamicinas	Rifamasini	Rifamycins	Rifamisinler	Рифаміцини	ریفامائسنز	Rifamycin
@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@ AMR:::reset_all_thrown_messages()
 > Now available for Python too! [Click here](./articles/AMR_for_Python.html) to read more.

 <div style="display: flex; font-size: 0.8em;">
-  <p style="text-align:left; width: 50%;"><small><a href="https://amr-for-r.org/">https://amr-for-r.org</a></small></p>
-  <p style="text-align:right; width: 50%;"><small><a href="https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v104.i03" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v104.i03</a></small></p>
+  <p style="text-align:left; width: 50%;"><small><a href="https://amr-for-r.org/">amr-for-r.org</a></small></p>
+  <p style="text-align:right; width: 50%;"><small><a href="https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v104.i03" target="_blank">doi.org/10.18637/jss.v104.i03</a></small></p>
 </div>

 <a href="./reference/clinical_breakpoints.html#response-from-clsi-and-eucast"><img src="./endorsement_clsi_eucast.jpg" class="endorse_img" align="right" height="120" /></a>
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ ggplot(data.frame(mic = some_mic_values,
                  sir = interpretation),
       aes(x = group, y = mic, colour = sir)) +
  theme_minimal() +
-  geom_boxplot(fill = NA, colour = "grey") +
+  geom_boxplot(fill = NA, colour = "grey30") +
  geom_jitter(width = 0.25) +
  
  # NEW scale function: plot MIC values to x, y, colour or fill
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More